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THE 



BAPTIST ENCYCLOPiEDIA. 



A DICTIONARY 



THE DOCTRmES, ORDmAITCES, USAGES, COITFESSIONS OF FAld'H, 
SUFFERINGS, LABORS, AND SUCCESSES, AND OF THE 

GENERAL HISTORY OF THE 1 



BAPTIST DENOMINATION IN ALL LANDS. 



NUMEROUS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF DISTINGUISHED AMERICAN AID 
FOREIGN BAPTISTS, AND A SUPPLEMENT. i 



EDITED BY 



WILLIAM CATHCART, D.D., 

AUTHOR OP "the PAPAL SYSTEM," "tHE BAPTISTS AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION," AND 

"the baptism of the ages." 






WITH MANY ILLUSTEATIONS. 



PHILADELPHIA: 






LOUIS H. EVERTS. 

188L ' 



\i^ 



\\ 



^^ c V 



Copyright, 1880, by Louis H. Everts. 






I' 




■ R O V D E N C E _ P 



PREFACE. 



The preparation of such a work as this imposes a vast responsibility and an 
immense amount of labor. Years of study devoted to the subjects embraced in it, 
and the assistance of brethren of distinguished ability, encouraged the Editor to 
undertake its compilation. 

The Baptists are the parents of absolute religious liberty wherever it exists in 
Christian nations. They founded the first great Protestant Missionary Society of 
modern times. Through the counsels of a Baptist the British and Foreign Bible 
Society was established, and in it every Bible Society in the world. Baptists have been 
the warmest friends of civil liberty in all great struggles for freedom. Their fifty col- 
leges and theological seminaries, and their numerous and splendid academies, show their 
deep interest in education. The religious press is sending forth through their ninety-five 
period- ?als an unsurpassed amount of sanctified literature. Governors, judges, generals, 
educators, philanthropists, authors, ministers, and benefactors of great distinction and in 
large numbers have been identified with our denomination. Baptist missionaries in the 
East have gathered glorious harvests for Jesus ; and in our own land they have toiled 
everywhere with heaven-given enthasiasm. In this country there are 26,060 Baptist 
clmrches, and 2,296,327 members ; and in all lands there are 30,699 churches of our 
faith, with 2,769,389 members. There are not less than eight millions of persons be- 
longing to the Baptist denomination. And besides these, our principles are extensively 
held by members of other communities. 

Dr. Chalmers, at the close of a very able sermon on infant baptism, pays this trib- 
ute to our British brethren: "Let it never be forgotten of the Particular Baptists of 
England that they form the denomination of Fuller, and Carey, and Eyland, and Hall, 
and Foster ; that they have originated among the greatest of all missionary enterprises ; 
that they have enriched the Christian literature of our country with authorship of the 
most exalted piety, as well as of the first talent and the first eloquence ; that they have 
waged a very noble and successful war with the hydra of Antinoraianism ; that perhaps , 
there is not a more intellectual community of ministers in our island, or who have put 
forth to their number a greater amount of mental power and mental activity in the de- 
fense and illustration of our common faith ; and, what is better than all the triumphs 
of genius and understanding, who, by their zeal and fidelity, and pastoral labor among 
the congregations which they have reared, have done more to swell the lists of genuine 
discipleship in the walks of private society, — and thus both to uphold and to extend the 



PREFACE. 



living Christianity of our nation." (Lectures on Romans, Lecture XIV., p. 76. New 
Yorlc, 1863.) This is a just tribute to our British brethren, corning gracefully from the 
greatest of Scotch preachers, and with equal appropriateness every word of it might be 
applied to the Baptists of America. 

The Baptists began their denominational life under the ministry of the Saviour. 
They flourished at various periods in the gloomy ages between the first great apostasy 
and the Reformation of the sixteenth century. And in the coming conquests of truth 
they are destined to spread over the world, and unfurl their banner of truth over every 
home and heart of Adam's family, upon which the finger of inspiration has inscribed the 
words, " One Lord, one faith, one baptism." 

The Editor has aimed to give sketches of distinguished Baptists everywhere, living 
and dead ; of the important events of Baptist history ; of ancient Baptist Confessions 
of Faith ; of the scattered and persecuted communities that held Baptist principles in the 
bleak centuries of triumphant Romanism; and of all doctrines, practices, and usages 
peculiar to Baptists. He has designed to place before the reader a grand " conspectus" 
of the Baptists, their principles, institutions, monuments, labors, achievements, and suf- 
ferings throughout the world and throughout the Christian ages. 

Biography is used extensively in this work. From the earliest times it has been 
employed to impart historical information. Plutarch's " Lives" have traveled down the 
ages for eighteen hundred years with unfailing interest, giving invaluable sketches of the 
greatest events and of the mightiest men of the far-distant past. Macaulay's biographies, 
in his " Essays" and in his great " History," describe occurrences and men in a form that 
impresses and fascinates. But while biography is a conspicuous feature of the "Encyclo- 
paedia," it has also an immense number of purely historical and doctrinal articles. 

If the learned Thomas Wilson Haynes had completed his "Baptist Cyclopsedia," the 
first volume of which was issued in Charleston, S. C, in 1848, the editor would have 
been relieved of a portion of his labor, and Baptist churches would have been blessed 
by a work of great value ; but unfortunately " the first volume of Part 1." was the last 
that came from the press. 

Among the able brethren who have rendered assistance to the Editor he would name 
President H. G. Weston, D.D., Pennsylvania ; Thomas Armitage, D.D., New York ; 
J. L. M. Curry, D.D., LL.D., Virginia ; J. M. Pendleton, D.D., Pennsylvania ; George 
W. Samson, D.D., New York; William T. Brantly, D.D., Maryland; H. A. Tupper, 
D.D., Virginia; J. C. Long, D.D., LL.D., Pennsylvania; T. J. Conant, D.D., New 
York; M. Hillsman, D.D., Tennessee; J. A. Edgren, D.D., Illinois; J. V. Scofield, 
D.D., Missouri; Rev. R. S. Duncan, Missouri; Rev. T. A. Gill, U.S.N., Pennsyl- 
vania ; C. C. Bitting, D.D., Maryland ; Franklin Wilson, D.D., Maryland ; Professor 
S. M. Shute, D.D., District of Columbia ; Professor A. H. Newman, New York ; C. E. 
Barrows, D.D., Rhode Island ; Rev. Frederick Denison, Rhode Island; J. C. Stockbridge, 
D.D., Rhode Island; Rev. R. G. Moses, New Jersey; H. F. Smitii, D.D., New Jersey; 
H. L. Wayland, D.D., Pennsylvania; Rev. J. G. Walker, Pennsylvania; George M. 
Spratt, D.D., Pennsylvania; A. J. Rowland, D.D., Pennsylvania; Col. C. H. Banes, 



PREFACE. 



Pennsylvania; B. F. Dennisou, Esq., Pennsylvania; James Butterworth, Esq., Pennsyl- 
vania ; Rev. J. P. Hetric, Pennsylvania ; Rev. B. D. Thomas, Pennsylvania ; W. Fred. 
Snyder, Esq., Pennsylvania; Rev. J. W. Willmarth, Pennsylvania; Rev. James Waters, 
Tennessee ; Joseph H. Borum, D.D., Tennessee ; Rev. Isaac Willmarth, Pennsylvania ; 
Justin A. Smith, D.D., Illinois ; President Kendall Brooks, D.D., Michigan ; Rev. D. 
E. Halteman, Wisconsin; J. R. Murphy, D.D., Iowa; President W. T. Stott, D.D., 
Indiana ; Rev. S. Boykin, Georgia ; President T. H. Pritchard, D.D., North Carolina ; 
W. B. Carson, D.D., South Carolina ; W. Pope Yeaman, D.D., Missouri ; J. H. Spencer, 
D.D., Kentucky; Rev. R. B. Cook, Delaware; Rev. M. Bibb, West Virginia; Rev. J. 
S. Gubelmann, Pennsylvania ; President W. Carey Crane, D.D., LL.D., Texas ; J. J. D. 
Renfroe, D.D., Alabama; Rev. William Wilder, Iowa; H. J. Eddy, D.D., New York; 
Rev. W. N. Chaudoin, Florida; Rev. W. E. Paxton, Arkansas; C. A. Buckbee, D.D., 
California; Rev. O. A. Williams, Nebraska; Rev. George Armstrong, Nova Scotia; 
Francis Jennings, Esq., Pennsylvania ; Hon. H. G. Jones, Pennsylvania; William M. 
Lawrence, D.D., Illinois; O. N. Worden, Esq., Pennsylvania; S. Haskell, D.D., Michigan; 
Rev. J. D. King, Toronto. 

That the work may be a blessing to Baptists, and to all who love the triumphs of 
grace, and that it may be useful to students of history generally, is the earnest wish of 

WILLIAM CATHCART. 

Philadelphia, October, 1881. 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE 

Adams, S.W 12 

Albanj', Emmanuel Baptist 

Church 19 

Alexander, John 1289 

Allen, Alanson 22 

Anderson, Galusha 31 

Anderson, Geo. W 32 

Anderson, M. B 33 

Anderson, Thos. D 36 

Andrews, Reddin,Jr 36 

Armitage, Thos 40 

Arnold, Albert N 41 

Arnold, Samuel G 42 

Atlanta Theological Seminary.... 47 

Backus, Isaac 52 

Bacon, Joel Smith 54 

Bailey, C. T 57 

Bailey, Silas 59 

Bailey, Thomas M 60 

Bainbridge, W. F 60 

Baldwin, Geo. C 62 

Baldwin, Thomas 63 

Baltimore, Eutaw Place Baptist 

Church 66 

Banes, Chas. H 67 

Banvard, Joseph 67 

Baptistery of Milan 73 

Barlow, F. N 79 

Barney, Eliam E 81 

Barratt, J 82 

Barrows, C. B 843 

Bateman, Calvin A 84 

Battle, Archibald J 86 

Baylor, R. E. B 89 

Baylor University 90 

Beebee, Ale.x. M 93 

Benedict, David 94 

Benedict Institute 95 

Benedict, Stephen 96 

Berry, Joel H 97 

Bethel College 98 

Bishop, Nathan 102 

Bitting, C. C 103 

Bixby, Moses H 103 

Bliss, Geo. Ripley 106 

Bliteh, Jos. Luke 107 

Boardman, Geo. Dana 108 

Boise, James Robinson 110 

Borum, Joseph Henry 115 

Bostick, Jos. M 116 

Bosworth, Geo. Wm 118 

Bouic, Wm.Veirs 119 

Boutelle, Timothy 120 

Boyee, James Pettigru 121 

Boyd, WillardW 123 

"""-Boykin, Samuel 124 

•^ Boykin, Thomas Cooper 125 

Branham, Isham R 127 

Brantly, John J 127 

Brantly, Wm. T., Jr 128 

Brayman, Mason 129 

Brayton, Geo. Arnold 131 

Bridgman, C. D. W 132 

Briggs, George Nixon 133 

Broadus, John Albert 139 



PAGE 

Brooks, Kendall 142 

Brotherton, Marshall 143 

Brown, Joseph E 146 

Brown, Nicholas 150 

Brown University 153 

Buchanan, James 156 

Buck, William Calmes 156 

Buckbee, Charles Alvah 157 

Buokner, Robert C 158 

Bunyan in Bedford Jail 160 

Burchett, G. J 163 

Burleson, Rufus C 164 

Burlingham, Aaron H 165 

Burlington Collegiate Institute... 165 

Burney, Thomas J 167 

Bush, Alva 171 

Cade, Baylus 174 

Caldwell, Samuel L 175 

Carey, Geo. M. W 181 

Carey, William 182 

Carroll, B. H 186 

Carter, John W 189 

Castle, John Harvard 190 

Caswell, Alexis 191 

Cathcart, William 196 

Champlin. James Tift 200 

Chaplin, Charles Crawford 203 

Chase, Irah 205 

Chaudoin, W. N 207 

Chicago Baptist Union Theologi- 
cal Seminary 212 

Chicago, First Baptist Church of. 210 

Chicago, University of. 215 

Chowan Female Institute 219 

Chown. J. P 221 

Christian, Joseph 221 

Church, Pharcellus 224 

Clovis, Baptism of. 235 

Coburn, Abner 238 

Cocke, Charles Lewis 239 

Colby Academy 240 

Colby, Anthony 241 

Colby, Gardner 242 

Colby University 243 

Cole, Addison L 245 

Cole, Isaac 245 

Cole, Nathan 246 

Coleman, James Smith 247 

Colgate Academy 248 

Colgate, William 250 

Conant, John 260 

Conant, Thomas J 261 

Cone, Spencer Houghton 263 

Cook Academy 271 

Cook, Richard Briscoe 272 

Cooper, James 274 

Cooper, Mark A 275 

Corcoran, William Wilson 278 

Corey, Charles Henry 279 

Cotton, John H 281 

Courtney, Franklin 283 

Cramp, John M 286 

Crane, Cephas B 287 

Crane, James C 287 

Crane, AVilliam 288 



PAGE 

Crane, William Carey 289 

Crawley, Edmund Albern 292 

Creath, Joseph W. D 293 

Crosby, Moreau S 296 

Crozer, John Price 298 

Crozer Theological Seminary 299 

Cummings, E. E 300 

Curry, J. L. M 801 

Cuthbert, James H 304 

Dargan, J. 0. B ... 308 

Davidson, Thomas Leslie 309 

Davies, Daniel 310 

Davis, Geo. F 311 

Davis, John 313 

Dawson, John Edmonds 1298 

Day, Henry 318 

Deane, Richard 322 

Denison, Frederic 327 

Denison University 328 

Denovan, Joshua 1299 

De Votie, J. H 331 

Dickerson, James Stokes 332 

Dickinson, A. E 333 

Dillard, Ryland Thompson 334 

Dockery, Alfred 338 

Dodge, Daniel 339 

Dodge, Ebenezer 340 

Duncan, James Henry 347 

Durfee, Thomas 352 

Earle, T. J 355 

Eaton, Geo. AV 357 

Eddy, Daniel C 359 

Elder, Joseph F 363 

Elliott, Victor A 366 

England, House in which the 
Baptist Missionary Society was 

formed 370 

Espy, T. B 379 

Estes, Hiram Cushman 380 

Evans, Benjamin 381 

Evans, Christmas 382 

Everts, William W 385 

Ewart, Thomas W 386 

Ferguson, William 807 

Field, James G 392 

Field, S. W 393 

Fish, Henry Clay 394 

Fisher, Thomas Jefferson 397 

Fleischmann, Konrad A 399 

Foljambe, S.W 403 

Ford, Samuel Howard 405 

Foster, John 407 

Fox, Norman 410 

Franklin College 413 

French, George R 1302 

French, James 418 

Fristoe, Edward T 419 

Fuller, Andrew 421 

Fuller, Richard 423 

Furman, J. C 426 

Furman, Richard, Sr 426 

Furman University 427 

Fyfe, Robert A 428 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE 

Gale, Amory 480 

Gano, John 484 

Gardner, Geo. W 436 

Garrett, 0. H. P 438 

Germany, Hamburg Mission 

Chapel 449 

Gill, John 4o3 

Gillette, A. D 455 

Gilraore, Joseph A 455 

Gove, Elijah 462 

Graves, J. R 466 

Graves, Samuel 468 

Greene, Roger Sherman 471 

Greene, Samuel Stillman 472 

Gregory, Uriah 474 

Griffith, Benjamin 476 

Gubelmann, J.S 479 

Hackett, H. B 483 

Haldeman, Isaac Massey 486 

Halteman, David Emory 490 

Hanna, William Brantly 493 

Hanmi, T. A. T 494 

Hardin, Charles Henry 495 

Hardin College 496 

Harkness, Albert 497 

Harris, Henry Herbert 498 

Harris, Ira 499 

Harrison, James E 501 

Hart, John, signature of 505 

Hascall, Daniel 508 

Haskell, Samuel 508 

Havelock, Sir Henry 510 

Hawthorne, J. B 512 

Haycraft, Samuel 513 

Henson, P. S 519 

Hill, David J 523 

Hill, Stephen P 524 

Hillsman, Matthew 525 

Hobbs, Smith M 530 

Hodge, jMarvin Grow 530 

Holmes, Willet 539 

Hooper, William 542 

Hornberger, Lewis P 543 

Hoskinson, Thomas J 544 

Houston, Sam 546 

Hovey, Alvah 547 

Howard, John 548 

Hoyt, James M 552 

Hoyt, Wayland 553 

Hubbard, Richard Bennett 553 

Hufham, J. D 555 

Humphrey, Friend 558 

Huntington, Adoniiam J 560 

Hutchinson, John 563 

Hutchinson, Mrs. Lucy 565 

Ide, Geo. B 568 

Ireland, Jos. Alexander 685 

Ives, Dwigbt 587 

Ivimey, Joseph 588 

Jackson, Henry 589 

James, J. H 593 

Jameson, Ephraim H. E 595 

Jeffrey, Reuben 597 

Jessey, Henry 600 

Jeter, Jeremiah Bell 601 

Johnson, Joseph 605 

Johnson, Okey 607 

Johnson, W. B 609 

Jones, David 610 

Jones, J. William 617 

Jones, Samuel 619 

Jones, T.G 620 

Jones, Washington 621 

Jones, ■William P 623 

Judson, Adoniram 626 

Judson, Mrs. Ann Hasseltine 628 

Kalamazoo College 633 

Keach, Benjamin 637 



PAGE 

Keen, Joseph 640 

Keen, William Williams 641 

Keith, Geo. H 643 

Kendall, Amos 645 

Kendrick, Adin A 646 

Kendrick, Nathaniel 648 

Kennard, Joseph Hugg 649 

Kerr, John 653 

Kiffin, William 654 

Kilpatrick, J. H. T 656 

Kinney, Robert Crouch 661 

Knollys, Hanserd 664 

La Grange College 668 

Landrum, Sylvanus (570 

Lasher, Geo. William 671 

Lathrop, Edward 672 

Lawler, Levi W 673 

Lawrence, William Mangam 674 

Learning, First Baptist Seminary 

of, in America 677 

Lee, Franklin 681 

Leland, John 682 

Iceland University 683 

Leslie, Preston H 685 

Levering, Charles 6S8 

Levering, Eugene BS8 

Levy, John P 690 

Lewis, Henry Clay 691 

Lewisburg University 693 

Lincoln, Heman 703 

Link, J. B 705 

Lofton, Geo. Augustus 713 

Loomis, Justin R 716 

Lorimer, George C 718 

Louisville, Ky., AValnut Street 

Baptist Church 721 

Lowry, M. P 720 

Lucas, Elijah 723 

Lumpkin, Wilson 724 

Lush, Sir Robert 727 

Luther, John Hill 727 

Mabie, H. C 1308 

Macarthur, Robert Stewart 730 

Mackenzie. Alexander 731 

Maclay, Archibald 732 

Madison University 735 

Magoon, Elias Lyman 739 

Malcom, Howard 740 

Mallary, Charles Dutton 742 

Manly, Basil 744 

Manning, James 745 

Marcy, William Learned 748 

Mason, Sumner R 758 

Mather, Asher E 759 

Maxey, Samuel Bell 762 

McCune, Henry E 768 

McDaniel, James 768 

McDonald, Charles J 769 

Mcintosh, W. H 770 

McMaster,AVilliam 773 

McPherson, AYilliam 774 

Mell, Patrick Hughes 777 

Mercer, Jesse 779 

Mercer University 783 

Miles, Samuel.....". 792 

Milton, John 796 

Montague, Robert L 810 

Morgan, Abel 815 

Morgan, T. J 815 

Mount Pleasant College 821 

Jlulford, Horatio J 822 

Murdock, John jSielson 824 

Nashville, First Colored Baptist 

Church of. 828 

Nashville Institute S29 

Neale, Rollin Heber 830 

Newman, Albert Henry 839 

Newman, Thomas W 839 

Newton Theological Seminary.... 845 



PAGE 

New York, First Baptist Church.. 849 

Nisbet, Ebenezer 851 

Noel, Baptist W 852 

Northrup, G. W 857 

Norton, E. H 858 

Nott, Abner Kingman 858 

Nugent, George 864 

Olney, Edward 868 

Oncken, John Gerhard 869 

O'Neall, John Belton 870 

Owen, Alfred 877 

Palmer, Albert Gallatin 880 

Palmer, Ethan B 880 

Palmer, Lyman 881 

Parmly, AVheeloek H 885 

Pattison, Robert E 887 

Pattison, T. Harwood 888 

Patton, Alfred S 888 

Paxton, AVilliam Edwards 890 

Peddie Institute 894 

Peddie, John 895 

Peddie, Thomas B 896 

Pepper, 6. D. B 905 

Peto, Samuel Morton 910 

Phelps, Sylvanus Dryden 916 

Philadelphia, Baptist Home of... 917 
Philadelphia, Fifth Baptist 

Church 911 

Philadelphia, Memorial Baptist 

Church 915 

Philadelphia, Second Baptist 

Church of 919 

Pingry, AVilliam M 922 

Pitman, John 923 

Posey, Humphrey 928 

Post, Albert L 928 

Potter, Walter McD 930 

Pritchard, T. H 940 '- 

Providence, First Baptist Church 

of. 946 

Puryear, Bennet 951 

Quincy, Josiah 952 

Rand, Theodore Harding 955 

Randolph, Warren 957 

Rauschenbusch, Augustus 959 

Rawdon College 960 

Ray, D. B 960 

Rees, George Evans 965 

Regent's Park College 967 

Renfroe, J. J. D 969 

Rhodes, Elisha Hunt 978 

Richmond College 983 

Richmond, First Baptist Church 

of 985 

Robins, Henry E 995 

Robinson, Ezekiel Gilman 996 

Robinson, Robert.... 997 

Rochester Theological Seminary. 1000 

Rochester, University of. 1002 

Rochester University (Sibley 

Hall) 1003 

Rothwell, Andrew 1011- 

Rowland, A. Judson 1013 

Royall, AVilliam 1014 

Runyon, Peter P 1015 

Sage, Adoniram Judson 1021 

Salter, Melville Judson 1023 

Samson, Geo. AA'hitefield 1024 

San Francisco, First Baptist 

Church of 1028 

Sawyer, Artemus AV 1031 

Schofield, J. \ 1034 

Searcy, .James B 1037 

Sears, Barnas 1038 

Semple, Robert B 1040 

Shailer, AVilliam H 1044 

Shallenberger, Wm. S 1046 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE 

Sharp, Daniel 1047 

Shaver, David 1048 

Sherwood, Adiel 1053 

Shorter, John Gill 1065 

Shute, Samuel M 1058 

Smith, James Wheaton 1067 

Smith, John Lavrrence 1068 

Smith, Justin A 1070 

Smith, Samuel Francis 1072 

Smith, William E 1073 

South Jersey Institute 1076 

Spalding, Albert Theodore 1088 

Speight, Joseph Warren 1090 

Spratt, Geo. M 1092 

Spratt, Geo. S 1092 

Spurgeon, Charles Haddon 1093 

Spurgeon's Tabernacle 1094 

Staughton, William 1309 

Stevens, John..' 1104 

Stillman, Samuel 1107 

St. Louis, Mo., Second Baptist 

Church 1110 

Stockbridge, John Calvin 1109 

Stow, Baron 1115 

Strong, Augustus H 1119 

Sufiield Literary Institution 1297 

Sunday-School, First Infant 1122 

Swan, Jabez Smith 1125 



PAGE 

Thomas, B. D 1147 

Thomas, Jesse B 1149 

Thresher, Ebenezer 1151 

Ticknor, William D 1153 

Toronto, Canada, Jarvis Street 

Baptist Church of 1160 

Tremont Temple, Boston 1163 

Tucker, Henry Holcombe 1171 

Tupper, Henry Allen 1174 

Tupper, James 1175 

Turner, Thomas 1176 

Tustin, Francis AVayland 1178 

Van Husan, Caleb 1187 

Vassar College 1190 

Vaughan, William 1191 

Vawter, John 1193 

Vince, Charles 1194 

Waco University 1197 

Wake Forest College 1199 

Walker, Jacob Garrett 1202 

Walter, Thomas U 1207 

Ward, Milan L 1209 

Warren, E. W 1212 

Watts, Thomas Hill 1218 

Wayland, President Francis 1220 

Wayland, Francis 1222 



PAGE 

Wayland Seminary 1223 

Welch, Bartholomew T 1226 

AVeston, Henry 6 1233 

AVharton, Morton Bryan 1235 

Wiberg, Andreas 1240 

Wilder, William 1243 

William Jewell College 1246 

Williams, J. W. M 1248 

Williams, Roger Frontispiece 

Exile, fao-simile of Order 
of 1325 

Letter, fac-simile of 1326 

Williams, William R 1255 

Wilson, Adam 1257 

Wilson, Franklin 1258 

Wingate, W. M 1261 

AVinkler, Edwin Theodore 1261 

Womack, B. B 1268 

Woodburn, B. F 1272 

Woods, Alva 1273 

Worcester Academy 1277 

Wright, Lyman 1279 

Wynn, Isaac Caldwell 1282 

Yates, M. T 1288 

Yeaman,AV. Pope 1283 

Young, George Whitefield 1285 

Young, Robert F 1286 



THE 



BAPTIST ENCYCLOPEDIA. 



A. 



Aaron, Rev. Samuel, was bom in New Britain, 
Pa., Oct. 19, 1800. In 1826 the Saviour found him 
and washed him in his blood. In 1829 he was or- 
dained as pastor of the New Britain church. Sub- 
sequently he took charge of the Burlington, N. J., 
High School, and of the Baptist church in that 
place. In 1841 he removed to Norristown, Pa., 
founded the Tremont Seminary there, and served 
the Baptist church as pastor. Afterwards he ac- 
cepted the call of the church in Mount Holly, 
N. J., where he ended his earthly labors, and en- 
tered upon the eternal rest, in the sixty-fifth year 
of his age. 

Mr. Aaron was a fine scholar and a man of ex- 
traordinary ability. His logic was irresistible. 
He was the natural leader of his associates. He 
was not afraid to differ from a whole community, 
nor could the penalties inflicted upon independent 
thinking move him. He uttered his convictions 
with a manly boldness, and he sustained them with 
great power. Few cared to encounter him in de- 
bate, and large numbers admired his great intel- 
lect and his Christian deportment. He lived an 
earnest Christian life, and he died in the Saviour's 
peace. 

Abbe, Prof. Cleveland, was born in the city of 
New York, Dec. 3, 1838, and graduated from the 
New York City Free College in 1857. He united 
with a Baptist church in that city in 18-53, and has 
been actively engaged in Sunday-school work. He 
is at present a member of the Calvary Baptist 
church, Washington, D. C. During 1859-60 he 
was instructor of Mathematics and Engineering in 
the University of Michigan, and for a short time 
in the Agricultural College of that State. From 
1860 to 1864 he was engaged in the United States 
Coast Survey under Dr. B. A. Gould, at Cambridge, 



Mass. In 186.5-66 he visited the European ob- 
servatories. During 1867-68 he was an assistant 
at the Naval Observatory, Washington, D. C. 
From 1868 to 1870 he was director of the Cincin- 
nati Observatory, where, among other labors, be 
established and carried on a system of daily tele- 
graphic weather reports and predictions, and issued 
a "Daily Weather Bulletin"' for the Cincinnati 
Chamber of Commerce, which began in 1869, and 
which rapidly developed into the present national 
system of weather " probabilities." In -January, 
1871, he was called to the responsible position of 
meteorologist of the Weather Bureau of the Army 
Signal-Office, where he compiled the published 
weather probabilities, the storm-signals, monthly 
reviews, and international bulletin, and where he 
still officiates. Prof. Abbe has made numerous val- 
uable contributions to scientific journals, especially 
the American Journal of Science, Mnnihly Notices, 
Royal Astronomical Society, Army Signal-Office 
Reports, Astromische Nachfichten, Smithsonian 
Annual Reports, Baird's "Annual Record," Ap- 
pleton's and -Johnson's Encyclopaedias, etc. 

Abbot, Hon. Charles F., was born in Boston, 
Mass., April 5, 1821. In early life he went to Rich- 
mond, Va., where he was baptized by Rev. E. L. 
Magoon, D.D. He subsequently removed to Phila- 
delphia and united with the church at the Falls of 
Schuylkill, where for many years he has remained 
a faithful member and an honored office-bearer. 
As a trustee of the university at Lewisburg, and a 
manager of the American Baptist Publication So- 
ciety, he has been actively engaged in promoting 
the educational and missionary work of the denomi- 
nation. He is a man of strong intellect, clear judg- 
ment, broad views, and sterling piety. In secular 
life he has repeatedly been elected to aid in the 



ABBOTT 



ADAMS 



management of important trusts. At one time he 
represented his fellow-citizens in the Pennsylvania 
Len;islature, and he is at present a member of the 
Board of Public Education in the city of Phila- 
delphia. 

Abbott, Granville S., D.D., son of Ebenezer 
Tilden and Ruth Hewes, was born at North Read- 
ing, Mass., Feb. 27, 1837; baptized at the age of 
fifteen by Rev. Asa C. Bronson ; licensed by the 
North Reading church in 1859 ; was ordained by 
the South Boston church in 1863, of which he was 
pastor for six years, during which period an ele- 
gant house of worship was erected. He spent ten 
years in study for his life-work, graduating with 
honor from Pierce Academy in 1856, from Brown 
University in I860, and from Newton Theological 
Institution in 1863. After liis South Boston pas- 
torate he was pastor at Watertown, Mass., from 
Oct. 1, 1869, to Jan. 1, 1877. One year later he 
became pastor of the First Baptist church, San 
Francisco, Cal., and resigned Jan. 1, 1879. April 
1, 1879, he became pastor of the First church, 
Oakland, where, in connection with his pastoral 
work, he accepted the editorship of the Herald nf 
Trutlt,. a monthly Baptist paper, established Jan. 
1, 1880. His work for the denomination and the 
cause of religion has been varied and constant. 
For four years he edited the Sunday-school depart- 
ment of The Watchman, of Boston. For five years 
he was editor of the American Baptist Publication 
Society's "Question Books"' and of its ''Lesson 
Leaves," whose monthly circulation was 250,000. 
While in New England he was a member of vari- 
ous boards of benevolence, — the American Baptist 
Missionary Union, New England Educarional So- 
ciety, Massachusetts State Convention, president 
of New England Ministerial Institute, and secre- 
tary of the Massachusetts Ministerial Institute. 
In May, 1880, California College conferred upon 
liim the degree of D.D. The church at Oakland, 
of which he is pastor, in 1880, is one of the largest 
in California, and is distinguished for its foreign 
mission zeal, in which it is an example for all the 
churches. 

Abbott, Rev. Henry. — "To this man," Bur- 
kitt, the historian, says, "we are indebted for some 
of our religious rites." He was born in London, 
and was the son of the Rev. John Abbott, canon 
of St. Paul. He came to this country without the 
knowledge of his father, and first appeared in 
Camden Co., N. C, as a school-teacher. He soon 
joined a Baptist church and began to preach. Ho 
was a member of the Legislatui-e, and was also a 
member of the Provincial Congress when the State 
and Federal constitutions were adopted. He died 
May, 1791. 

Abbott, Rev. L. A, — Rev. L. A. Abbott, now 
pastor of the Baptist church in Alton, 111., was 



born in Beverly, Mass., in 1824, and was baptized 
at the age of fourteen by the now venerable Rev. 
Benjamin Knight, uniting with the Second Bap- 
tist church in Beverly. In his early life he was a 
sailor. Deciding to prepare for the ministry, he 
studied at Worcester Academy, but his health fail- 
ing midway in the course, he again went to sea, 
and made several voyages as mate and master. 
Leaving the sea, he returned to his native town 
and spent some years in teaching, meantime repre- 
senting the district two yeai-s in the Massachusetts 
Legislature. In 1855 he was ordained pastor of 
the Central Baptist church, Metford, Mass., but 
in consequence of lung difficulty was compelled to 
resign in 1858. Partially recovering, he accepted 
the pastorate of the Weymouth church, and was 
again chosen by that town to repi-esent it in the 
Legislature. In 1863 he became pastor of the 
Central Baptist church of Middleborough, the seat 
of Pierce Academy, then flourishing under the 
principalship of Prof J. W. P. -Jenks. Here he 
was once chosen to the Legislature, in which body, 
in this as in former terms, lie served upon impor- 
tant committees. In 1868, removing to Minnesota 
for the benefit of his health, he was four j^ears a 
pastor at Rochester, then at La Crosse, Wis., where 
he remained seven years. In 1879 he became pastor, 
at Alton, of the church which he still efficiently 
serves. 

Acworth, James, LL.D., late president of 
Rawdon College, England (formerly known as 
Horton College), from 1836 to 1863. Studied for 
the ministry at the Bristol Baptist College, whence 
he proceeded to Glasgow University and graduated. 
On May 29, 1823, he was ordained co-pastor of the 
South Parade church, Leeds, his colleague being 
the venerable Thomas Langdon. then in the forty- 
first year of his ministry. In 1836 he entered upon 
the duties of president of Horton College, and dis- 
tinguished himself by many important services to 
the denomination in that capacity. Since his retire- 
ment, in 1863, he has resided at Scarborough, York- 
shire. Both as a pastor and theological professor 
Dr. Acworth will long be gratefully remembered. 

Adams, George F., D.D., was born in Dor- 
chester, Mass., Oct. 3, 1802. and died in Baltimore, 
Md., April 16, 1877. His father, Seth Adams, re- 
moved to Ohio in 1805, and settled first in Mari- 
etta, and afterwards in Zanesville. Mr. Adams 
was baptized in 1812, by the Rev. George C. Sed- 
wick. He was licensed to preach in 1822. In 
1824 he entered the preparatory school of the Co- 
lumbian College, graduated from the college in 
1829, and was principal of the school during the 
year 1829-30. AVhile still pursuing his collegiate 
course he was elected pastor of the Central Baptist 
church, Washington, at that time worshiping in the 
city hall, which, however, was soon after merged 



ADAMS 



11 



AUAMS 



into the E Street chui-ch. During his college 
course he also spent several of his vacations with 
the Rev. Dr. llyland as missionary in Eastern Vir- 
ginia. He was ordained at the Navy- Yard Baptist 
church, Washington, April 22, 1827. In 1830 he 
settled in Falmouth, Va., as principal of a female 
school, and as the assistant of the Rev. R. B. Semple, 
pastor of the church in Fredericksburg, of which 
he soon became himself the pastor, continuing such 
until December of 1835, supplying at the same time 
tlic pulpit at Falmouth, and also of one other church. 
In January, 1836, he became pastor of the Calvert 
Street Baptist church, Baltimore, where he was 
useful and successful. In 1842 he became general 
missionary for the State of Maryland, visiting and 
stimulating all the churches. In 1843 he preached 
to the Hereford, Gunpowder, and Forest churches. 
In 1848 he accepted the pastorate of the Second 
Baptist church, Baltimore, where, during thirteen 
years, he labored with great success. In 1860, 
Mr. Adams became pastor of the Hampton Baptist 
church, but the war occurring, he served for a short 
time as chaplain in the Confederate army. He was 
arrested and imprisoned for a while at the Rip-raps. 
In 1862 he returned to Baltimore, and was appointed 
State missionary, serving in that capacity until 
1865, when he took charge of the Atlantic Female 
College at Onancock, Va. In 1867 he was called 
a second time to the pastorate of the church in 
Hampton, where he remained for nine years, until, 
his voice failing, he resigned, and removed to Bal- 
timore, where he was appointed a city missionary, 
laboring as such with great fidelity until nearly 
the day of his death, which was caused by a can- 
cerous affection of the throat. As a preacher Mr. 
Adams was instructive and stimulating. His style 
was clear, simple, and forcible, and his sermons 
were rich in Christian experience. During a min- 
istry of more than fifty years he had labored faith- 
fully for the advancement of every good cause, 
baptizing hundreds of converts, and giving much 
of his time to the cause of missions, Sunday- 
schools, temperance, and the distribution of re- 
ligious publications. One who knew him well has 
said, " He was one of the four ministers who, in 
183G, laid the foundation of the Maryland Baptist 
Union Association, and to him more than ^o any 
other man are we indebted under God for the origin 
and present glorious success of that body, number- 
ing then only 345, now over 10,000." Mr. Adams 
also wrote and published numerous articles of in- 
terest in our religious periodicals, and was for one 
year the editor of the True Union, published in 
Baltimore. He had also in preparation a '• History 
of the Maryland Baptist Churches," — a work for 
which he was specially fitted from his intimate 
acquaintance with the churches, and which he 
undertook at the request of the M. B. U. A. He 



left it unfinished at his death, but it will be com- 
pleted by the Rev. John Pollard, D.D., of Balti- 
more. Dr. Adams received the degree of D.D. Irom 
the Columbian College. 

Adams, Rev. Henry, a distinguished colored 
minister, was born in Franklin Co., Ga., Dec. 17, 
1802. He was converted at the age of eighteen 
years, and the same year licensed to preach within 
the bounds of his church. In 1823 his license was 
extended without limits, and in 1825 he was or- 
dained. After preaching a few years in South Car- 
olina and Georgia, he emigrated to Kentucky, and 
was settled as pastor of the First Colored Baptist 
church in Louisville in 1829. Here he spent the 
remainder of a long and eminently useful life. 
The church was very small when he took charge 
of it, and was the only colored Baptist church in 
the city. At his death it numbered over 1000 
members, and was tRe parent of six other churches, 
with a total membership of 4000. Mr. Adams was 
a fair scholar, having a good knowledge of several 
of the ancient languages. After the emancipation 
of the colored people he expressed constant anxiety 
for the establishment of schools and the improve- 
ment of the condition of his race. He was espe- 
cially solicitous for the formation of a school in 
Louisville for the training of colored ministers. 
He died in Louisville, Nov. 3, 1872. 

Adams, Rev. John ftuincy, was born in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., Feb. 25, 1825 : was liberally educated ; 
ordained pastor of Bloomfield church. N. J., Jan. 
31, 1849. He has had charge of the Keyport 
church, N. J., and of the North, Antioch, and 
Cannon Street churches in New York City. He 
has published a number of religious works. Eleven 
years ago he had baptized 540 persons, nine of 
whom became ordained ministers. Mr. Adams is 
full of zeal for the salvation of the perishing, and 
for the triumph of what he regards as the truth of 
God. 

Adams, Seymour Webster, D.D., was born in 

Vernon, Oneida Co., N. Y., Aug. 1, 1815; con- 
verted at the age of seventeen ; received his liter- 
ary education at Hamilton College, N. Y., and his 
theological training at Hamilton Theological Sem- 
inary ; was ordained in February, 1843, and after 
supplying the churches at Durhamville and Johns- 
town, N. Y., became pastor of the church at Ver- 
non, his native place, where he remained two years. 
In 1846 he accepted the call of the First Baptist 
church, Cleveland, 0., and continued its pastor 
until his death, Sept. 27. 1864. During these 
eighteen years he had the affection of a devoted 
people, and exercised great influence in the city 
and State. In 1859 he wrote a memoir of his 
father-in-law. Dr. Nathaniel Kendrick. His death 
was hastened by his services at the seat of war as 
a volunteer in the Christian Commission. His 



ADAMS 



12 



ADLAM 




b. M. ADiAIS, D D. 

memoir was published under the editorship of J. 
P. Bishop in 1866. His character was greatly ad- 
mired and his early death lamented by all. 
Adams, Rev. Spencer Gavitt, the pastor of 

the Baptist church in Walworth, Wis., was born in 
Marion Co., 0., Sept. 7, 1844. His parents were 
Methodists, and he received his early religious 
training under the influence of that denomination. 
He obtained hope in Christ when thirteen years of 
age, and united with the M. E. Church. His at- 
tention having been called to the views held by 
Baptists, after careful and prayerful examination 
of the subject he united with the Baptist Church. 
He was educated at Denison University, 0., and at 
the Morgan Park Baptist Theological Seminary, 
111. He was ordained in June, 1875. While a 
student in the theological seminary he supplied 
regularly for two years the Baptist church in 
Thoiupsonville, Racine Co. He has been four 
years pastor of the Walworth Baptist church. 

Adams, E,ev. Thomas, a prominent minister 
of the Mississippi River Baptist Association, was 
born in South Cai-olina in 1804, and began to 
preach in 1830. He was a graduate of Furman 
Theological Institute. After laboring many years 
in his native State, he removed to East Feliciana 
Parish, La., in 1853, where he labored efficiently 
until his death, July 20, 1859. 

Adkins, E., D.D., was bom in Greenfield, Sara- 
toga Co., N. Y., Dec. 17, 1805. His parents moving 
to what was then the wilderness of Western New 
York, he was deprived of the advantages of an early 
education, but impelled by his thirst for knowledge. 



at the age of twenty-seven he entered an academy 
at Rochester, N. Y., graduating finally from Mari- 
etta College, 0., in 1839. For three years after his 
graduation he was tutor at Marietta, where he also 
studied law. Having taught in Tennessee and Pe- 
oria, 111. (where he was baptized), he accepted in 
1847 the chair of Belles-Lettres in Shurtleflf College, 
111., remaining in the faculty nine years at great 
personal sacrifice, and giving himself to the interests 
of the college with unwearied devotion. The latter 
part of his time at Shurtlefif, Prof. Adkins had the 
chair of Languages. Having become profoundly 
interested in Bible revision, he resigned at Shurtleflf 
and removed to New York, where he devoted his 
entire time to this work. After a year's service he 
was, however, obliged to desist on account of fail- 
ure of sight. In 1857 he took a position in Mari- 
etta College, resigning this in 1859 to accept the 
Professorship of Greek in Richmond College, Va., a 
post which he held but a short time on account of 
the war. Returning, he accepted a pastorate at 
Brimfield, 111., where he was ordained. In 1863 
he again entered the faculty of Marietta College, 
where he remained until partial blindness com- 
pelled him to retire. Of late years he has been 
living with his son at Elyria, 0. 

Dr. Adkins has been an industrious writer. In 
his early life he published "What is Baptism?" 
and in his later years "Ecclesia; The Church: 
Its Polity and Fellowship," and "The Ages to 
Come, or the Future States." He has also written 
largely for newspapers and magazines. 

Adkins, Frank, A.M., son of the preceding, was 
born at Marietta, 0., Nov. 21, 1841. Converted at 
the age often, during revival meetings held at Up- 
per Alton, 111. ; baptized two years later. After 
preparatory studies at Shurtleflf and Pierce Acade- 
mies, and collegiate studies at Marietta, 0., gradu- 
ated at Madison University in 1861. After gradu- 
ation engaged in teaching, but feeling called to 
preach took a course of theological study at Madi- 
son and Rochester, graduating at the latter place 
in 1866. Same year settled as pastor at Akron, 
0., where he remained two and a half years. After 
a short period of missionary work became, in 1870. 
pastor of the First church, Iowa City, Iowa, where 
he remained five and a half years, when ill health 
compelled him to resign. For two years after this 
was Professor of Greek in Central University, Pella, 
Iowa. In December, 1878, he became pastor at 
Elyria, 0., where he still remains. Mr. Adkins is 
a scholarly and cultured man, and ranks very high 
on account of his attainments and the excellencies 
of his character. 

Adlam, Rev. Samuel, was bom in Bristol, 
England, February, 1798. He was ordained at 
West Dedham, Mass., Nov. 3. 1824. Having been 
in the ministry several years, he felt the need of a 



ADMISSIOiY 



13 



AFRICA 



more extended course of study than he had been 
able to secure, and went to Newton, where he re- 
mained for four years, from 1834 to 1838. His 
pastorates have been in West Dedham, Marblehead, 
and Gloucester, Mass. ; Hallowell, Dover, and Fox- 
croft, Me. ; and Newport, R. I. lie resigned his 
pastorate of the First church in the latter place 
some years since. 

Admission of Members into the Church.— 

When a man desires admission into an ordei-ly Bap- 
tist church, he is carefully examined by the pastor 
or some other judicious brother in reference to his 
repentance for sin, and utter helplessness without the 
Saviour's grace ; in reference to his faith in Jesus 
as his substitute and sacrifice on the cross, without 
whose blood his sins would cling to him forever; 
and in reference to his knowledge of the teach- 
ings of God's word. He is instructed in the great 
doctrines of the trinity, election, the offices of 
the three sacred persons, depravity, regeneration, 
atonement, justification, providence, final perse- 
verance, and believing prayer. Satisfied that the 
man is washed by faith in the blood of the Lamb 
and saved, the pastor brings him to the deacons, 
who hear from him an account of God's dealings 
with his soul. Having convinced them that he is 
a child of God, he repeats his experience at a week- 
night service, at the close of which a special church- 
meeting is held, and a resolution is passed author- 
izing his baptism and reception into the church. 
After baptism he is formally received into the church 
y>j the right hand of fellowship. In a few churches 
the pastor, just before giving the hand of fellow- 
ship, places his hands upon the candidate's head, 
and tenderly prays for him. 

Africa, Mission to. — In his admirable "History 
of American Baptist Missions" Prof. Gammell says, 
" No one of the missions planted by the Managers 
of the General Convention has had such serious 
obstacles to encounter, or has been so often para- 
lyzed by their influence, as that on the western coast 
of Africa. Its history conducts us to a portion 
of the earth pervaded by a pestilential climate, 
and perpetually ravaged by the cupidity of civ- 
ilized man ; to a race degraded by the barbarism 
and wrongs of ages, and, by common consent, long 
doomed to slavery and oppression among almost 
every people of Christendom. No relics of a de- 
parted civilization, no scenes of storied events, at- 
tract attention to this gloomy region. No hoary 
superstitions, blending with the rude traditions of 
an elder age, lend a philosophic interest to the 
people who inhabit it. It presents only a blank 
and dreary waste of barbarism, occupied by the 
lowest and most abject forms of humanity." Since 
these words were written, more than a quarter of 
a century ago, a new interest has been thrown over 
this dark country by the discoveries of modern 



travelers, and we may cherish the hope that, with 
the advance of the years, Africa will become as 
much the scene of missionary activity as Asia has 
been during the past fifty years. 

The operations of American Baptists in Africa 
have been confined to Liberia, on the west coast of 
the continent, and to the Bassa tribe living in the 
territory. Colonists from America laid the foun- 
dations of Monrovia, now the capital of the re- 
public of Liberia, in 1821. Lott Carey and Collin 
Teague, two colored men who had been ordained 
at Richmond, Va., in January, 1821, commenced 
their missionary labors in Monrovia in 1822. A 
church was formed, of which Mr. Carey was ap- 
pointed pastor. His decided superiority in intel- 
lectual ability over the colonists gave him great 
influence in the new settlement, and he was able, 
in many ways, to promote the interests of the 
people. He was appointed vice-agent in 182G, and 
in 1828 governor, during the temporary absence 
of Mr. Ashmun to the United States. The death 
of Mr. Carey was a sad blow to the interests of 
the colony and the church. Two white mission- 
aries, Rev. Calvin Helton, appointed Jan. 24, 1826, 
and Rev. Benjamin R. Skinner, appointed Jan. 11, 
1830, both died of the "coast fever," the one in 
1826 and the other in 1831. The board was so 
discouraged by what seemed a fatality to white 
men, in the character of the climate of the west 
coast of Africa, that they gave up the hope of car- 
rying on the mission through any other agency 
than that of colored preachers of the gospel. Five 
years elapsed before another white missionary was 
sent out to Africa. Two brethren oifered to go. Rev. 
W. G. Crocker and Rev. W. Mylne, and they were 
appointed early in 1835, and reached the field of 
their labors. They were instructed to preach among 
the native tribes, and it was decided to establish a 
mission at Bassa Cove, with the hope that, from this 
point as headquarters, they might more efiectuallj' 
teach the natives. Schools were at once commenced 
at Bassa Cove, Edina, and other places. A house 
of worship was dedicated at Bassa Cove in 1836, 
where Mr. Mylne preached until a pastor was set- 
tled in the following year. It was not long before 
the insidious malaria of West Africa so affected the 
physical system of Mr. Mylne that he was obliged 
to give up his work, and, a broken-down man, he 
returned to this country in 1838. Mr. Crocker had 
a better constitution, and was able to go on with 
his work. He directed his attention to the work 
of translation, in which he was especially success- 
ful. Rev. Ivory Clarke and his wife arrived at Edinn 
early in 1838, and having passed safely through an 
attack of the fever, entered upon their missionary 
labors with zeal. In 1840, Messrs. Constantine 
and Fielding, with their wives, offered themselves 
to the board, and were appointed to labor among 



AINSLIE 



14 



ALABAMA 



the tribes living farther back from the coast, -with 
the hope that the climate would prove more favor- 
able to their health than the climate of the coast. 
The hope was not realized. Mr. and Mrs. Fielding 
both died within six weeks after their arrival. Mr. 
and Mrs. Constantino were so completely broken 
down in health that they returned to this country 
in June, 1842. Mr. Crocker left his work in xifrica 
a year preceding the return of Mr. Constantine, 
and came to the United States. After two years' 
residence here he returned to the scene of his former 
labors. On the Sabbath after his arrival in Mon- 
rovia he was seized with a sudden illness, and in 
two days he died. His wife, after a year or two of 
experience of missionary life on this treacherous 
coast, returned to her native land. Mr. Clarke, in 
his turn, fell a victim to disease, dying at sea, April 
4, 1848, on his passage to America. 

Ainslie, Rev. Thomas, was born in 1769 ; con- 
verted and baptized at Sussex, New Brunswick, in 
1802. He soon commenced preaching, and traveled 
as an evangelist for about four years. He was 
ordained in 1806, in the United States, and resumed 
his work in New Brunswick. In 1810 he became 
pastor of the Baptist church at Upper Granville, 
Nova Scotia, and so continued to the end ; evan- 
gelized, however, very extensively in Eastern Nova 
Scotia; was, in 1828, the means of a powerful re- 
vival at Aylesford. He died at St. Andrew's, New 
Brunswick, Dec. 7, 1831, in the zenith of his power 
and usefulness as a minister of Christ, especially 
owned and blessed of heaven. 

Aitchison, John Young, D.D., the pastor of the 
Baptist church in Eau Claire, Wis. lie was born 
in Berwickshire, Scotland, July 5, 1824. lie was 
educated in Glasgow University, and he was or- 
dained at Paisley, Scotland, in 1849. He began 
his work in the ministry at Glasgow the same year. 
He has had successful pastorates in Brooklyn. 
N. Y., Waukesha, Wis., Cedar R'apids and Clin- 
ton, Iowa ; and he has been twice settled at Eau 
Claire, AVis., his present field of labor. He re- 
ceived the honorary degree of D.D., from the Cen- 
tral University of Iowa, in 1878. His literary 
attainments are of a high order. He occasionally 
speaks from the platform as a lecturer, with great 
acceptance. 

ALABAMA BAPTISTS. 
Alabama, — " Here we rest," the Indian significa- 
tion of the word. It is reasonably assumed that 
this region was visited by Ferdinand de Soto in 
1539. It was originally part of what is known in 
the history of our country as Mississippi Territory. 
Some settlements were made in that portion of the 
territory now embraced in the State of Mississippi 
before the American Revolution ; but Alabama 
continued the undisturbed hunting-ground of sav- 



age aborigines until a much later period. At the 
end of the struggle for American independence 
Georgia claimed this vast region, and exercised 
jurisdiction over it as her "Western Territory." 
In 1800 it was erected into a territorial government. 
In 1802 Georgia ceded to the United States all her 
western territory for $1,250,000. In 1817 the terri- 
tory Avas divided, and the western portion was au- 
thorized by Congress to form a constitution, and it 
became the State of Mississippi. The eastern por- 
tion was then formed into a Territory, and received 
the name Alabama. In July, 1819, a convention 
of delegates assembled in Huntsville and adopted 
a State constitution, which being approved by 
Congress the December following, the State of 
Alabama was admitted as a member of the Na- 
tional Union, thenceforth to stand, alphabetically, 
at the head of the sacred roll of the United States. 
As the vast domain of the united and independent 
States, protected by our national banner, is the 
land of the free and the home of the oppressed, 
where the weary of evei-y land come and find civil 
and ecclesiastical "res<," so Alabama, whether by 
accident or by Providence, was the right name to 
be placed at the head of this " more perfect union. '" 
Alabama Baptists, History of.— That part of 
this State which lies north of the Tennessee River, 
generally known as " North Alabama." a beautiful 
and fertile countrj-, was settled many years before 
any other considerable section of the State. Madi- 
son County of that region was the first to receive 
the civilization of thrifty settlements, and in the 
first settling of that county there were some Bap- 
tists. John Cantei-bery and Zadock Baker were 
the first Baptist ministers who labored in this wil- 
derness, and Elder -John Nicholson was the first 
pastor of the first church in the State, or, rather, 
in the Territory, — the old Flint River church, a few 
miles northeast of Huntsville, in Madison County, 
which was organized at the house of James Deaton, 
on the 2d of October, 1808, by twelve persons. 
The beauty of the country, the fertility of the soil, 
the excellent springs of water, the ease with which 
partial land-titles were procured, combined with 
many other influences, soon drew a large popula- 
tion into this region, and in the course of a few 
years a number of Baptist churches were formed. 
Worldly inducements brought ministers, as otlier 
men, into this inviting country, some of whom held 
elevated positions in the estimation of the people, 
and here they lived and labored until they finished 
their course. Of these early North Alabama min- 
isters, Elders R. Shackleford. W. Eddins, and Ben- 
net Wood seem to have been the most distinguished. 
About the same time Elders -Jeremiah Tucker, 
George Tucker, -lohn Smith, J. C. Latta, and J. 
Thompson labored in the same region. As early 
as the 26th September, 1814, the first Association 



ALABAMA 



15 



ALABAMA 



of Alabama Baptists was organized, — the Flint 
River Association. At first some of its churches 
were from Tennessee. 

About the year 1808 some Baptists were found 
in the southern part of the Territory, near the 
Tombigbee River, in Clarke and Washington 
Counties. William Cochran, a licensed preacher 
from Georgia, is said to have been the first in 
Clarke County, and one Mr. Gorhani the first in 
Washington County. Elder J. Courtney organized 
the first church in that part of the State in 1810,— 
the Bassetfs Creek church, the second in the Ter- 
ritory. It has for many years been connected with 
the Bethel Association. Elder Joseph McGee set- 
tled in the same region shortly after the planting 
of this church, and was much esteemed as a min- 
ister of Christ. About the year 1815 the tide of 
emigration began to flow into South and West 
Alabama from almost every State in tiie Union. 
AVith this flood of emigrants a number of able, 
zealous, and indefiitigable preachers came. There 
is an account of one ftimily from South Carolina 
who furnished to Alabama and Mississippi in those 
early times eight or ten ministers of our faith. 
ISIany of the preachers for the first forty years of 
the history of Alabama often made extended evan- 
gelistic tours, pushing the outposts of the Re- 
deemer's kingdom farther and farther; and in these 
pioneering labors churches were planted in most of 
the new settlements, and existing churches were 
confirmed in the faith. It has been common from 
the first for one minister to serve at the same time 
several churches. This is still the case. As a 
result pastoral work has been very imperfectly 
performed. The early ministers of Alabama gen- 
erally received little support from the churches, — • 
in many cases nothing ; and though frequently 
they were in straitened circumstances, they were 
rich in faith, and many of them mighty in the 
Scriptures, and rapid and enlarged success fol- 
lowed their labors. They are to be held in ever- 
lasting remembrance. 

In 1820 there were about 50 Baptist churches in 
Alabama. At the close of the year 1821 there were 
70, and 2500 members. In 1825 there were 6 As- 
sociations, 128 churches, 70 ministers, and about 
5000 members. In 1833 there were 130 ministers, 
250 churches, 11,408 members. In 1836 there were 
333 churches, 188 ministers, 15,630 members. In 
1840 there were 30 Associations, 500 churches, 300 
ministers, and 25,000 members, 4000 of whom were 
baptized the previous year. Mr. Ilolcombe, the 
historian, says, " This increase is without a parallel 
in the United States, and perhaps in the known 
world, especially in modern times." In the years 
1838-39 extensive revivals were experienced. The 
churches in many counties of the State, embracing 
all Middle Alabama, received the power of the Holy 



Ghost, great numbers were led to Christ, and many 
new churches were planted. Houses for the wor- 
ship of God were for years scarce and rude. Large 
congregations often assembled in shady groves and 
anxiously heard the gospel from the lips of the men 
of God, and many churches were organized in such 
bowers and in private residences, and under bush- 
arbors. About the year 1830 the churches began 
to build better houses of worship than those which 
had before existed in the State, and many of them 
were an honor to the religion of a new country. 

Between the years 1835 and 1840 the Baptists 
of Alabama had their greatest troubles with the 
anti-missionaries, — a strong party who arrayed 
themselves against all missionary and benevolent 
enterprises, and against ministerial education. The 
contest was fierce and evil-spirited. One by one 
the Associations and churches divided until division 
occurred in most of them. Five Associations split 
asunder in 1839. The enemies of missions declared 
non-fellowship, and were the seceding parties. The 
missionary churches have been blessed with pros- 
perity. Retrogression has constantly marked the 
movements of the opponents of missions. 

Total number of members in the Baptist churches 
of the State, 165.000. 

Alabama Baptist Convention.— The Conven- 
tion was formed in October, 1823, at Salem church, 
near Greensborough. chiefly through the instru- 
mentality of the Rev. J. A. Ranaldson, who came into 
the State from Louisiana, and afterwards returned 
to that State. At the organization of the Conven- 
tion messengers were present from seven missionary 
societies, — then and for some years the only class 
of bodies that sought representation; subsequently 
and at present it was and is composed of messen- 
gers from churches. Associations, and missionary 
societies. At the first session fifteen ministers were 
appointed from diff'erent parts of the State to spend 
all the time practicable as domestic missionaries. 
For ten years the Convention devoted its energies 
to the cause of missionary work within the State, 
with occasional contributions of money to other 
objects. State missions and ministerial education 
were the first objects of this Convention. For the 
first fifteen years it was not very successful, and 
had to contend against the most serious hindrances 
that an extensive and fierce anti-missionary spirit 
could engender ; a number of the strongest of our 
env\j ministers taking that side of the great effort 
questions then in controver.sy, they hindered the 
cause very much ; the great majority of the minis- 
ters who claimed to be missionary Baptists were 
entirely neutral on these matter.s. But there were 
some giants in those days, — noble spirits who were 
every way worth}' of their high calling; men who 
confronted the enemies of missions and every other 
onemv, and laid the foundations of Our State enter- 



ALABAMA 



16 



ALABAMA 



prises deep down on the solid rock. Such were 
Ilosea Ilolcombe, Alexander Travis, J. McLemore, 
D. Winbourne, S. BIythe, C. Crow, A. G. McCrow, 
J. Ryan, and a number of others who might be 
j2;ratefully mentioned here. It is worthy of remark 
that in those early times in Alabama, both in our 
Associations and in the Convention, decided union 
and sympathy of feeling were manifested toward 
"the Baptist General Convention of the United 
States," and handsome sums were contributed for 
foreign missions, and especially for Dr. Judson's 
Burmese Bible. The benevolent operations of the 
Convention were then largely carried forward by 
eflBcient agents who were appointed by the body. 
It was at the tenth session, in 1833, at Grant's 
Creek church, in Tuskaloosa County, when there 
were only four delegates present except those from 
the immediate vicinity, that the Convention took 
steps to start an educational institution, — the Man- 
ual Labor Seminary, — which, after absorbing al- 
most the entire attention of the Convention, was 
abandoned in about five years. From this time 
onward for many years Revs. B. Manly, J. Hart- 
well, D. P. Bestor, and J. H. De Votee were the 
great preachers who constantly attended the Con- 
vention, and their superiors have never been banded 
together in any Southern Baptist Convention ; and 
in their day a number of others, scarcely a whit 
behind them, lived in Alabama, and regularly met 
in the counsels of the Convention. And besides 
these, many wealthy planters, intelligent mer- 
chants, and distinguished lawyers gave the meet- 
ings of the Convention their presence, their coun- 
sels, and their money. This happy state of things 
continued until it was estopped by the coming in 
of the late war between the North and South. 
After the failure of the Manual Labor School, the 
Convention returned for some years with increased 
purpose and energy to the work of State evangeli- 
zation, and to assisting young men to obtain an 
education in any school that they might enter to 
make preparation for the ministry. It was about 
the year 1842 that the Convention entered on the 
incipient work which finally resulted in the estab- 
lishment of Howard College and the Judson Fe- 
male Institute. After the organization of the 
Southern Baptist Convention, and the location of 
its Domestic Board at Marion, Ala., the Convention 
discontinued the work of State evangelization, ex- 
cept that it supported the work as carried on by 
the General Board at Marion. Thenceforth it was 
an important part of the State Convention's busi- 
ness to foster the Boards of the Southern Conven- 
tion. This, with the absorbing attention which it 
gave to its own institutions of learning, and to 
the Southern Theological Seminary, comprised its 
business for the second twenty years of its exist- 
ence. Howard College and Judson Institute are 



the property of the Convention, and have from their 
beginning occupied very much of its deliberations 
and liberality. In 1871 the Convention formed a 
Sabbath-school Board as a sort of compromise with 
those who were contending for a system of State 
Missions. In 1875 this Board was changed into a 
State Mission Board. In these directions it has 
done a vast work, which is joyously recognized by 
the brotherhood of the State. Through this pro- 
visional period the Board was located in Talladega, 
with Rev. J. J. D. Renfroe, D.D., as President, and 
Rev. T. C. Boy kin as Sabbath school Evangelist fur 
the first eighteen months ; after which the Rev. T. 
M. Bailey became Evangelist and Corresponding 
Secretary, a position which he still holds (1880), 
and in which he has maintained first-class efficiency. 
At the session of this year the location of the Board 
was changed to Selma, because a more central 
place, and Rev. W. C. Cleveland, D.D., became its 
president. This Board now has in charge the en- 
tire mission work of Alabama Baptists as auxiliary 
to the General Boards, with an efi'ort among the 
colored people, the work of colportage, and raising 
funds for ministerial education ; all this in addition 
to its immediate work of State evangelization. Its 
work has taken a strong hold on the hearts of Ala- 
bama Baptists. During the year 1879-80 it had 
in the field constantly about twenty able and effi- 
cient evangelists. The Convention of Alabama 
has again become a very able body of Christian 
men; with a powerful ministry, it has present every 
year a number of the leading merchants and farm- 
ers, and some of the most distinguished law^yers 
and civilians of the State, and never fails to make 
a first-class impression on the community at large. 
So far as can now be ascertained the following 
have been the presidents of the Convention: Rev. 
Charles Crow, at its organization ; Rev. Daniel 
Brown, Rev. Lee Compere, Rev. J. Ryan, Rev. 
Hosea Holcombe, for six sessions ; Rev. Jesse Hart- 
well, for five sessions ; Rev. Thomas Chilton, for 
five sessions ; Chief-Justice W. P. Chilton, Rev. II. 
Talbird, D.D., for five sessions ; Rev. A. G. McCrow, 
for five sessions : Rev. W. H. Mcintosh, D.D., 
lion. J. L. M. Curry, LL.D., for five sessions ; Rev. 
S. Henderson, D.D., for six sessions ; and the Hon. 
Jon-. Haralson, for seven sessions, — the present in- 
cumbent. 

ALABAMA BAPTIST NEWSPAPERS. 

Alabama Baptist. — In the year 1841, Rev. M. 
P. Jewett and Rev. J. H. De Votee established the 
old Alabama Baptist in Marion, under the editorial 
management of Mr. Jewett. He was succeeded as 
editor by Rev. J. M. Breaker and Rev. A. W. 
Chambliss. Dr. Chambliss filled this position for 
several years with rare ability, and changed the 
name of the paper to that of Southwestern Baptist. 



ALABAMA 



17 



ALABAMA 



In 1852 it was placed under the editorship of Rev. 
S. Henderson, and published in Montgomery one 
year, when it was moved to Tuskegee, where Dr. 
Henderson was pastor", and issued from that place 
until the close of the late war, when Dr. Hender- 
son, by Federal authority, was placed under a 
twenty-thousand-dollar bond not to publish it again, 
— it had been a strong secession organ. This bond 
led to its consolidation with the Christian Index, 
of Atlanta, Ga. From time to time Dr. Henderson 
had the editorial assistance of Rev. Albert Wil- 
liams, Rev. J. M. Watt, Rev. J. E. Dawson, D.D., 
and Rev. H. E. Taliaferro, the latter for seven 
years. It was a paper of great ability, reached 
under Dr. Henderson an extensive circulation, and 
wielded a leading influence. After it was merged 
into the Christian Index that paper was for eight 
years recognized as the organ of Alabama Baptists. 
But it could not be made to subserve the wants of 
the denomination in the State. 

Alabama Baptist. — In 1873-74 the Convention 
of Alabama, by its Board of Directors, started the 
present Alabama Baptist at Marion, with Drs. E. 
T. Winkler, J. J. D. Renfroe, E. B. Teague, and 
D. W. Gwin as editors. It was edited gratuitously 
for four years. In 1878 the Convention transferred 
the paper to Dr. Winkler and Rev. J. L. West. 
Mr. AVest has since become sole proprietor, with 
Drs. Winkler and Renfroe as editors. The paper 
gives universal satisfaction to the brotherhood, and 
is contributing efficiently to the development and 
unification of the Baptists in all their enterprises. 
It now issues from Selma. 

Baptist Correspondent.— For a few years prior 
to the war the late venerable Dr. W. C. Buck and 
his son, the Rev. C. W. Buck, published in Marion 
the above-named paper, which was an earnest and 
vigorous controversial paper. 

Baptist Pioneer,— A spirited paper now pub- 
lished in Selma for colored Baptists, with Rev. W. 
H. MeAlpine as editor. 

Christian Herald. — Published soon after the 
war, and for several years at Tuskumbia, with 
Rev. Joseph Shackelford, D.D., as editor. A paper 
of much merit ; had it been published south of the 
mountains it must have succeeded. It was re- 
moved to Nashville, Tenn., and afterwards merged 
into the Christian Index. 

Southwestern Baptist Pioneer.— In 1834 the 
Rev. William Wood, M.D., started a paper of the 
above name in Jacksonville. It was the first Bap- 
tist paper in the State. Published only a year or 
two. In 1838 the Rev. George F. Heard published 
a Baptist paper in Mobile for a short time. 

Alabama Central Female College.— This in- 
stitution is located in the city of Tuscaloosa, and 
occupies the buildings of the former State Capitol, 
which are singularly well adapted to their present 



use, and are worth at least $150,000. The Baptists 
hold a lease of ninety-nine years on this property, 
with no other obligation than to keep it in order 
and maintain a female school in it. The college 
has now existed more than twenty-five years, and 
has reached a high reputation, and is destined to 
still greater prosperity. Prof. A. K. Yancey, the 
present president of the college, is giving entire 
satisfaction and increasing its fame. 

Alabama, Several Educational Enterprises 
of. — The Talladega Baptist Male High School, 
erected thirty years ago by the Coosa River Bap- 
tist Association at a cost of $30,000. Lost by in- 
debtedness. Now a Congregational school for col- 
ored people. 

Moulton College, at Moulton, Ala., a flourish- 
ing school before the war. It is not prosperous 
now. 

The Baptist High School, at Lafayette, is an 
old and good institution. 

South Alabama Female Institute, at Green- 
ville, is in a flourishing condition, with Prof. J. M. 
Thigpert for president. 

Male High School, at the same place, is also in 
pro.sperity, with Prof. G. W. Thigpen for principal. 

The Southeast Alabama High School for some 
years did well under the control of the late Gen- 
eral Association of that part of the State, but has 
been discontinued. 

Alabama Colored Baptists.— Before their lib- 
eration from slavery the great body of colored 
Baptists in this State held church membership in 
the same churches with the whites, having the 
same pastor and worshiping in the same house. 
Nearly all houses of worship had an apartment 
for the colored people, which was uniformly well 
filled. Where they were numerous they had a 
sepa,rate service in the afternoon of the Sabbath, 
when the pastor preached to them. In such cases 
they were virtually a separate church. This state 
of things continued for a short time after they be- 
came free. They soon began to show a disposition 
to get away into organizations of their own, and 
this was encouraged by the whites. Most of their 
churches were formed and their officers ordained 
by white pastors, and the whites assisted them to 
erect houses of worship. The colored people have 
ever had a strong tendency to Baptist sentiments. 

Convention. — Their State Convention was organ- 
ized Dec. 17, 1868. There were 32 churches rep- 
resented and 60 delegates present. Churches had 
then been constituted in all the leading towns and 
cities in the State ; there were then about 50 col- 
ored churches in Alabama, but there had as yet 
been no Association formed. Steps were taken by 
the Convention to influence the organization of the 
churches into Associations, and by the session in 
1875 there were about 20 Associations. Churches 



ALBANF 



ALBIGENSES 



were then forming in all parts of the State where 
they had sufficient numbers. There are now 50 
Associations, 600 churches, and 700 ordained 
preachers, with a great many licentiates, and 
about 90,000 members. They own $:250,000 worth 
of church property, and school property in Sehiia 
which they estimate at $15,000. They have a 
"normal and theological school" in that city in a 
flourishing condition, with Rev. Mr. Woodsmall as 
president. In locating this institution they pur- 
chased and paid for the Selma Fair-Ground with 
its buildings, at a cost of $3000. It is valuable 
property and could not be better located. It is 
owned and managed by their State Convention. 
They also have an educational association, which 
meets in connection with the Convention. 

Albany, Emmanuel Baptist Church of.— The 
noble edifice of the Emmanuel church of Albany, 
N. Y., was dedicated to the worship of Almighty 
God in February, 1871. The church proper is 110 
feet deep and 81 feet wide. The church and chapel 
too-ether are 157 feet deep. The chapel is 110 feet 
deep and 47 feet wide. The spire is 234 fee't high. 
The church seats 1400 persons. The house and lot 
cost .1>203,686, and no debt rests upon the structure 
or its site. 

Albigenses, The, received this name from the 
town of Albi, in France, in and around wiiich 
many of them lived. The Albigenses were called 
Cathari, Paterines, Publicans, Paulicians, Good 
Men, Bogomiles, and they were known by other 
names. They were not Waldenses. They were 
Paulicians, either directly from the East, or con- 
verted through the instrumentality of those who 
came from tlie earlier homes of that people. 

The Paulicians were summoned into existence 
by the Spirit of God about a.d. 660. Their founder 
■was named Constantine. The reading of a New Tes- 
tament, left him by a stranger, brought him to the 
Saviour. He soon gathered a church, and his con- 
verts speedily collected others. Armenia was the 
scene of his labors. They were denounced as 
Manicheans, though they justly denied the charge. 
They increased rapidly, and in process of time 
persecution scattered them. In the ninth century 
many of them were in Thrace, Bulgaria, and Bos- 
nia ; and, later still, they became very numerous 
in these new fields, especially in Bosnia.* Indeed, 
such a host had they become that in 1238 Coloman, 
the brother of the king of Hungary, entered Bos- 
nia to destroy the heretics. Gregory IX. congratu- 
lated him upon his success, but lived to learn that 
the Bogomiles were still a multitude. A second 
crusade led to further butchery, but the blood of 
martyrs was still the seed of the chur9h, and they 
continued a powerful body until the conquest of 

* Evans's Bosnia, pp. 30, 37, 42. London, 1876. 



their country by the Turks, in 1463. There was 
direct communication between these Bogomiles and 
the Albigenses in France. Matthew Parisf tells us 
that the heretic Alliigenses in the provinces of Bul- 
garia, Crotia, and Dalmatia elected Bartholomew 
as their pope, that Albigenses came to him from 
all quarters for information on doubtful matters, 
and that he had a vicar who was born in Carcas- 
sone, and who lived near Thoulouse. 

At an early period the Paulicians entered Italy 
and established powerful communities, especially 
in Milan. They spread over France, Germany, and 
other countries. In the eleventh century they were 
to be found in almost every quarter of Europe. 
St. Bernard, in the twelfth century, says of them : 
" If you interrogate them about their faith nothing 
can be more Christian, if you examine into their 
conversation nothing can be more blameless, and 
what they say they confirm by their deeds. As 
for what regards life and manners, they attack no 
one, they circumvent no one, they defraud no one." 
Reinerius Saccho belonged to the Cathari (not the 
Waldenses, he was never a member of that com- 
munity) for seventeen years. lie was afterwards 
a Romish inquisitor, and he describes his old 
friends and the Waldenses, in 1254, in these words: 
" Heretics are distinguished by their manners and 
their words, for they are sedate and modest in 
their manners. They have no pride in clothes, for 
they wear such as are neither costly nor mean. 
'i'hey do not cai'ry on business in order to avoid 
fixlsehoods, oaths, and frauds, but only live by labor 
as workmen. Their teachers also are shoemakers 
and weavers. They do not multiply riches, but 
are content with what is necessary, and they are 
chaste, especially the Leonists. They are also tem- 
perate in meat and drink. They do not go to tav- 
erns, dances, or other vanities." The Leonists were 
the followers of Peter Waldo, of Lyons, the Wal- 
denses, as distinguished from his own old sect, the 
Albigenses. Reinerius then proceeds to charge 
these men who shun business to avoid falsehoods 
with hypocrisy. No body of men could receive a 
better character than St. Bernard and the inquisitor 
give these enemies of the Church of Rome, and no 
community could be more wickedly abused by the 
same men than these identical heretics. For some 
centuries the Albigenses figure universally in his- 
tory as externally the purest and best of men, and 
secretly as guilty of horrible crimes, such as the 
pagans charged upon the early Christians. 

Reinerius mentions several causes for the spread 
of heresy. His second is that all the men and 
women, small and great, day and night, do not cease 
to learn, and they are continually engaged in teach- 
ing what they have acquired themselves. His third 

t Mattlicw Paris, at a.d. 1223. 




EMMANUEL BAI'TIST ClUItClI, ALBANY, > 



ALBIGENSES 



20 



ALBIGENSES 



cause for the existence and spread of heresy is the 
translation and circulation of the Old and New 
Testaments into the vulgar tongue. These they 
learned themselves and taught to others. Reinerius* 
was acquainted with a rustic layman who repeated 
the whole book of Job, and with many who knew 
perfectly the entire New Testament. He gives an 
account of many schools of the heretics, the ex- 
istence of which he learned in the trials of the In- 
quisition. Assuredly these friends of light and of 
a Bible circulated everywhere were worthy of the 
curses and tortures of men like Reinerius and lordly 
bigots like St. Bernard, In a council held at Thou- 
louse in 1229 the Scriptures in the language of the 
people were first prohibited. The Albigenses sui'- 
viving the horrid massacre of the Pope's murderous 
crusaders were forbidden to have the " books of the 
Old or New Testament, unless a Psalter, a Breviary, 
and a liosary, and they forbade the translation in 
the vulgar tongue.'' No doubt many of the mem- 
bers of the council supposed that the Breviary and 
Rosary were inspired as well as the Psalter. 

Reinerius gives a catalogue of the doctrines of 
the Cathari, which corresponds with the list of 
heresies charged against them for two hundred 
years before he wrote by popes, bishops, and eccle- 
siastical gatherings, the substance of which has 
no claim upon our credulity, though some of the 
forms of expression may have been used by certain 
of these venerable worthies. 

Reineriusf says that the Cathari had 16 churches, 
the church of the Albanenses, or of Sansano, 
of Contorezo, of Bagnolenses, or of Bagnolo, of 
Vincenza, or of the Marquisate, of Florence, of 
the Valley of Spoleto, of France, of Thou louse, of 
Cahors, of Albi, of Sclavonia, of the Latins at Con- 
stantinople, of the Greeks in the same city, of 
Philadelphia, of Bulgaria, and of Dugranicia. lie 
says, " They all derive their origin from the two 
last." That is, they are all Paulicians, originally 
from Armenia. He says that " the churches num- 
ber 4000 Cathari, of both sexes, in all the world, 
but believers innumerable." By churches we are 
to understand communities of the Perfect devoted 
to ministerial and missionary labor. The Believers 
in the time of Reinerius M'ere counted by millions. 

Upon infant baptism the Albigenses had very 
decided opinions. A councilj held in Thoulouse in 
1119, undoubtedly referring to them, condemns and 
expels from the church of God those who put on 
the appearance of religion and condemned the sac- 
rament of the body and the blood of the Lord and 
the' baptism of children. 

At a meeting of" ai-chbishops, bishops, and other 
pious men" at Thoulouse, in 1176, the Albigen- 



* Bibliotheca Patrum, torn. iv. p. ii., Coll. 74C. 
t Du Pin's Eccles. Hist., ii. 456. Dublin. 
X Du Pin, ii. 392. 



ses were condemned on various pretexts. Roger De 
Hoveden,§ a learned PJnglishman, who commenced 
to write his "Annals" in 1189, gives a lengthy ac- 
count of this meeting. He says that Gilbert, bishop 
of Lyons, by command of the bishop of Albi and 
his assessors, condemned these persons as heretics ; 
and the third reason, according to Hoveden, given 
by Gilbert for his sentence was that they would not 
save children by baptism. He also preserves a 
" Letter of Peter, titular of St. Chrysogonus, Car- 
dinal, Priest, and Legate of the Apostolic See," 
written in 1178, in which, speaking of the Albi- 
genses, he says, "Others stoutly maintained to 
their faces that they had heard from them that bap- 
tism was of no use to infants." Collier|| gives the 
meaning of Hoveden correctly when he represents 
him as stating, in reference to the Albigenses, 
" These heretics refused to own infant baptism."' 
Evervinus, in a letter to St. Bernai-d, speaking evi- 
dently of Albigenses, in Cologne, in 1147, and con- 
sequently before the conversion of Peter Waldo, 
says, " They do not believe infant baptism, alleging 
that place of the gospel, '"Whosoever shall believe 
and be baptized shall be saved.' " Eckbert, in 
1160, in his work against the Cathari, written in 
thirteen discourses, says in the first, " They say 
that baptism profits nothing to children who are 
baptized, for they cannot seek baptism by them- 
selves, because they can make no profession of 
faith." 

The Paulicians received their name because they 
were specially the disciples of the Apostle Paul. 
They were established as a denomination by a gift 
of the Scriptures to their founder, through which 
he received Christ, became a mighty teacher, and 
gathered not converts simply, but churches. 

At the great trial in Thoulouse in 1176 they 
would not accept anything as an authority but the 
New Testament. Throughout their wide-spread 
fields of toil from Armenia to Britain, and from 
one end of Europe to the other, and throughout 
the nine hundred years of their heroic suflFerings 
and astonishing successes, they have always shown 
supreme regard for the "\Vord of God. If these 
men, coming from the original cradle of our race, 
journeying through Thrace, Bulgaria, Bosnia, 
Italy, France, and Germany, and visiting even 
Britain, were not Baptists, they were- very like 
them. 

If all the wicked slanders about them were dis- 
carded it would most probably be found that some 
of them had little in common with us, but that the 
majority, while redundant and deficient in some 
things as measured by Baptist doctrines, were sub- 
stantially on our platform. This position about 



g Annals of Koger De Hovedeu, i. 427, 480. Londou, 1853. 
ll Collier's Eccles. Hist., ii. 358. Loudon, 1840. 



ALBRITTON 



21 



ALDIS 



the Paulicians of the East is ably defended by Dr. 
L. P. Brockett in " The Bogomils." 

Albritton, Rev. J. T., was born in Greene Co., 
N. C, Jan. 26, 1836 : baptized by Rev. J. D. Coul- 
ling ; ordained in 1856. Is an able and useful 
minister ; was, and is now, pastor of Selma and 
other churches. 

Alden, Rev. John, was born in Ashfield, Mass., 
Jan. 10, 1806, and was a graduate of Amherst Col- 
lege, in the class of 1831. He took a course of 
theological study at Newton, which he completed 
in 1833, and was ordained the same year at Shel- 
burne Falls, Mass., where he remained for seven 
years, — from 1833 to 1840. His next settlement 
was at North Adams, Mass. He was the pastor 
of the church in this place for five years, and of 
the church at Fayville two years. In 1848 he re- 
moved to Westfield, Mass., and was pastor of the 
church there five years. Subsequently he removed 
to Windsor, Vt. For several years he was an agent 
of the American Baptist Missionary Union, and 
of the American and Foreign Bible Society. Mr. 
Alden retired from active service some years since, 
and now resides in Providence, R. I. 

Alden, Rev. Noah, was born in Middleborough, 
Mass., May 30, 1725. On his father's side he was 
a lineal descendant from John Alden, fiimous in 
the early annals of the Pilgrims of Plymouth. 
Both himself and wife became members of the 
Congregational chnrch in Stafford, Conn., whither 
they had removed. He changed his sentiments on 
the mode and subjects of Christian baptism in 1753, 
and became a member of a Baptist church. Feel- 
ing it his duty to preach the gospel, he was or- 
dained at Stafford on the 5th of June, 1755, and 
was pastor of the Baptist church in that place for 
ten years. In 1766 he was installed as pastor of 
the church in Bellingham, Mass., where his minis- 
try was attended with the Divine blessing. 

Mr. Alden was active, not only in his special vo- 
cation as a minister of the gospel, but as a delegate 
from Bellingham to the State Convention; he did 
good service in drafting a constitution for the State 
of Massachusetts, pleading especially the cause of 
religious liberty. He performed also other accepta- 
ble service as a public man. As a wise counselor 
he'was often called to adjust difficulties in churches, 
and to assist in the examination and ordination of 
candidates for the Christian ministry. Mr. Alden 
died May 5, 1797. " He was," says Dr. A. Fisher, 
" for many years one of our most distinguished and 
honored ministers, and his name deserves to be held 
in grateful remembrance." 

Alden, William H., D.D., was born in Middle- 
borough, Mass. He graduated at Brown Univer- 
sity in the class of 1849, and at the Newton Theo- 
logical Institute in the class of 1852. He was 
ordained pastor of the church in North Attlebor- 



ough, Mass., where he remained from 1852 to 
1857. He was then called to the pastorate of the 
First Baptist church in Lowell, ofiiciating there 
from 1857 to 1864. For four years he was pastor 
of the Tabernacle church in Albany. He removed 
to Portsmouth, N. H., in 1868, and has been the 
pastor of the Baptist church in that city down to 
the present time. 

The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred 
on Dr. Alden by Colby University in 1873. 

Alderson, Rev. John, was born in New Jersey, 
March 5, 1738, and was the first Baptist minister 
that visited the southern part of West Virginia. 
As early as 1777 he settled on Greenbrier River, 
in Greenbrier County, near the present site of the 
town of Alderson. Owing to the hostility of the 
Indians, he and his neighbors were compelled, at 
times, to take shelter in a fort on Wolf Creek, and 
much of the time he followed the plow with his 
rifle swinging by his side. He commenced preach- 
ing in the forts, and in the houses of the settlers. 
In 1781 the Greenbrier church was organized with 
12 members, and as this was the fourth church 
in what is now the State of West Virginia, its field 
included a large portion of the State. Mr. Aldei"- 
son labored as a minister for seven years without 
seeing another Baptist preacher. Though he lived 
at this early day, and comparatively isolated in his 
home, he was an enthusiastic missionary ; doing 
much personal work, and urging his brethren to 
spread the gospel over the State. He was mighty 
in the Scriptures, a good preacher, a wise counselor, 
and an untiring worker. He died March 5, 1821, 
at the advanced age of eighty-three years, in great 
peace, and his body now sleeps in the cemetery ad- 
joining the Greenbrier church. His influence lives 
among his descendants and others to-day. 

Aldis, John, one of the most eminent English 
preachers of the present time, but now retired from 
stated ministerial service, studied at Horton Col- 
lege, Bradford, and commenced his ministry at 
Manchester in 1829. During his first pastorate he 
established his reputation as a pulpit orator of 
rare gifts, and attracted a large circle of cultivated 
hearers. After seven years' pastoral service at 
Manchester, he was invited to take the oversight 
of the church at Maze Pond, London, one of the 
oldest and most influential Baptist churches of the 
metropolis. Here Mr. Aldis labored with distin- 
guished ability and success seventeen years, and 
then removed to Reading. At the close of fifteen 
years' ministry at Reading, he accepted a call to 
the church at Plymouth, where he labored for 
nearly eight years, closing an active life of upwards 
of forty-seven years of uninterrupted public service 
in May, 1877. During this long period Mr. Aldis 
enjoyed almost unbroken health, and was abundant 
in labors. His chastened and vigorous eloquence, 



AL'ulUCH 



ALLEN 



his high culture, and generous public spirit early 
placed him in the first rank of the leaders of the 
denomination. He was president of the Baptist 
Union in 1866. Three of his sons have distin- 
guished themselves at Cambridge University, the 
eldest, Mr. William Steadman Aidis, being senior 
vv^rangler in 1861. This was the first time in the 
history of the university that a non-conformist stu- 
dent had won the honor. Mr. W. S. Aldis's suc- 
cess, and his subsequent steadfast adhesion to Bap- 
tist principles (which involved the forfeiture of the 
valuable prizes bestowed upon a senior wrangler), 
lai-gely contributed to the abolition of religious tests 
in the universities, and the opening of the college 
fellowships and other lucrative honors to non-con- 
formists as well as to the members of the Estab- 
lished Church. 

Aldrich, Rev, Byron L., born in Thompson, 
Conn., in 1849, received a thorough education, be- 
came a fine linguist, a master of seven languages, 
graduated at Chicago University in 1873, entered 
the ministry, and located in California, where he 
became pastor of the Fifth church, San Francisco, 
the Napa, and Nevada City churches. He is a 
•preacher of much ability, but his thorough classi- 
cal ti-aining fitted him for the duties of instructor. 
He held for some time an important position in one 
of the San Francisco high schools, and was two 
years Professor of Modern Languages in California 
College. He is now pastor at Nevada City. 

Aldrich, Rev. Jonathan, was born at St. Johns- 
bui-y, Vt., Sept. 2, 1799. He pursued his prepara- 
tory studies at Peacham, Vt., and with his uncle. 
Rev. Dr. Abial Fisher, then residing in Bellingham, 
Mass. So far was he advanced in his studies that 
he was able to enter the Sophomore class in Brown 
University in 1823. He graduated in 1826, and 
having spent a year in theological study at Newton, 
he was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in 
West Dedham, in January, 1828. Subsequently, 
he had short pastorates in East Cambridge, Mass., 
Worcester, Mass., Newburyport, Mass., Philadel- 
phia, Pa., Baltimore, Md., and Middleborough, 
Mass. In 1853 he was appointed an agent by the 
Missionary Union to collect funds for foreign mis- 
sions. He continued in the employ of the society 
until his death, a period of about nine years. He 
was a settled pastor for twenty-five years, and was 
highly esteemed as an active, zealous worker in the 
cause of his Master. His death occurred on Jan. 
19, 1862. 

Allen, Hon. Alanson, was born in Bristol, Vt., 
Aug. 22, 1800. He lived twenty years after cher- 
ishing a hope in Christ before he made a public pro- 
fession of his faith in the Redeemer. After residing 
some years in Bristol, he removed to Hartford, 
N. Y., where he remained eiglit years engaged in 
mercantile business. In 1836 he went to Fair 



Haven, Vt., which was his home through the rest 
of his life. Commencing business in a somewhat 
humble v\av he went on yeai aftei yeai enlarging 




HON. ALANSON ALLEN. 

his operations, making a specialty of quarrying the 
slate of the region in which he lived, which, under 
the difi'erent forms of roofing and school slate, found 
its way into the markets of the country. He then 
went into the marble business, and developed the 
famous quarries of West Rutland, Vt. After some 
years he retired from the marble business and again 
resumed his old occupation of slate-quarrying. 

Mr. Allen, from intelligent conviction, was a de- 
cided Baptist, and took the liveliest interest in all 
matters pertaining to the prosperity of his denom- 
ination. He was frequently a member of the Board 
of the State Convention, and everywhere recognized 
in Vermont as a firm and lilieral Baptist. As might 
be supposed, he was a friend to all good causes. 
The prosperity of tiie town in which he lived was 
largely due to his enterprise. He was a public- 
spirited citizen, ready to second any plan devised 
for its welfare. Twice he was a member of the 
State Senate, two years each time. He was also 
assistant judge for a time, and one of the State's 
Presidential electors for President Grant's second 
term. His death occurred Sept. 5, 1878. 

Allen, Rev. Hogan, missionary of the General 
Association of Southeast Arkansas, was born in 
North Carolina in 1829 ; came to Arkansas in 1851 : 
united with the Methodists, and was a preacher in 
that connection from 1858 to 1861. He then united 
with the Baptists, and was at once licensed, and 
ordained the following year. His lal)ors have been 



ALLEN 



23 



ALLISON 



chiefly confined to Ashley and Drew Counties, Ark., 
and he has served the following churches : Flat 
Creek, seven years; Mount Olive, fourteen years; 
Promised Land, seven years; Fellowship, ten 
years; Mount Zion, six years; and Beulah, New 
Prospect, Poplar Bluff, Egypt, Gilgal, and other 
churches a part of the time. 

Allen, Rev. Marvin, whose name was once fa- 
miliar to all Michigan Baptists, was born in Fabius, 
N. Y., Nov. 1, 1800. He graduated from Hamilton 
in one of the earlier classes, and labored ten years 
in Williamson and Canandaigua. lie was called 
to Adrian in 1S3T, and in 1S44 jjecame pastor of 
the church in Ann Arbor. Failing health inter- 
fered with his ministerial labors, but his ardent 
zeal for the cause of Christ, not allowing him to 
rest, urged him on to the work of the denomination 
at large. He became general agent of the Conven- 
tion, and as such was very useful in organizing its 
diflerent departments of work and in systematizing 
the contributions of the churelies and stimulnting 
them to further efforts. From 1848 until his death, 
in 1861, he was the publisher of the Michigan 
Christian Herald. He was an untiring worker 
throughout the entire State, and became an almost 
indispensable part of all denominational gatherings. 
As a man of business his character was untarnished, 
and he fulfilled all the trusts committed to his care 
without leaving a stain upon his name. 

Allen, Rev. Orsemus, was born at Westfield, 
Mass., in 1804. At the age of sixteen was baptized 
into the fellowship of the Westfield Baptist church. 
After graduating from Hamilton Literary and The- 
ological Institution, was ordained pastor of the 
church at Seneca Falls, N. Y., where he remained 
four years. After a short interval took charge of 
the church at Bristol, Conn., where lie continued 
many years. Forced by ill health from the min- 
istry, he removed about 1845 to Ohio, where he 
engaged in business. For twenty-two years was 
treasurer of the Ohio Baptist State Convention, 
and in this position won the confidence and affec- 
tion of his brethren throughout the entire State. 
Died in Columbus, 0., May iy,-1870. 

Allen, Rev. William B., for twenty-seven years 
moderator of the Eastern Louisiana Association, 
was born in South Carolina in 1809, and began to 
preach at the age of twenty. Shortly after he re- 
moved to Eastern Louisiana and settled in Living- 
ston Parish, where he has successfully labored 
until the present time, having served one c'hurch 
more than forty years. 

Alexander, Charles, M.D., a prominent phy- 
sician of Eau Claire, Wis., was born at Pittston, 
Me., April 28, 1824. He was deprived of his father 
and mother in his childhood, and at the age of five 
years he was placed in the family of Rufus Allen, 
of Fannington, Me., which became his home until 



seventeen years of age. Being thrown entirely 
upon his own resources he had a sharp struggle in 
the school of adversity; and yet, overcoming all 
obstacles, he completed courses of study in the 
academies at Yarmouth and Farmington, Me., and 
fitted himself for the Sophomore class in Bowdoin 
College. In 1845 he began the study of medicine 
with Dr. W. H. Allen, of Orono, Penobscot Co. 
lie attended lectures at the Medical Department 
of Harvard University, Jefferson Medical College, 
Philadelphia, and the Bledical Department of the 
University of New York, from which he received 
his diploma Mai-ch 8, 1850. Dr. Alexander began 
the practice of his profession at Orono, where he 
remained eight years. He entered the army as 
surgeon of. the 16th Regiment Maine Volunteers, 
and remained in the service until the close of the 
war. At Gettysburg he was wounded and taken 
prisoner. He was twice promoted for distinguished 
services. In Septenilier. 1866, he removed from 
his native State to Wisconsin, and settled at Eau 
Claire, which has since been his home. lie has 
an extensive practice. 

For many years he has been a member of the 
Baptist Church. He is the senior deacon in the 
Baptist church of Eau Claire, and superintendent 
of the Sunday-school. He is a popular lecturer on 
geology and chemistry, of which sciences he has a 
thorough knowledge. He is often heard with great 
favor on the subject of temperance, always bring- 
ing to its treatment his knowledge of its relation 
to science. 

Alexander, Rev. Lewis D., was born in Wilkes 
Co., N. C, Sept. 17, 1799. He emigrated with his 
parents to Scott Co., Ky., in 1803 ; was converted 
and baptized into the fellowship of Stamping- 
Ground chui-ch by James Suggett in 1823. After 
exercising profitably his gift as an exhorter two or 
three years, he settled in Owen Co., Ky., in 1835 ; 
was ordained at New Liberty church in March, 
1836, and became its pastor in' 1838. His preach- 
ing gifts were extraordinary, and no minister in 
Concord Association, of which he was a member, 
ever exercised a stronger or more beneficial influ- 
ence. He baptized about 2000 persons, and was 
moderator of Concord Association twenty-two years. 
He died Dec. 20, 1862. 

Allison, Rev. Burgiss, D.D., was born in 
Bordentown, N. J., Aug. 17, 1753. He was con- 
verted young, and became a member of the Upper 
Freehold church, in his native State. From six- 
teen j'ears of age he had a strong desire to preach 
the gospel, and he carried out this call of God in 
Bordentown for several years on Sunday evenings. 
He studied for the n)inistry under Dr. Samuel 
Jones, of Lower Dublin, Pa., and in Rhode Island 
College. He was ordained pastor of the church of 
Bordentown, over which he presided for many 



AMBROSE 



years, and in which he always cherished a fatherly 
interest. 

Dr. Allison possessed an intellect of a high 
order, and a culture seldom enjoyed in his day. 
Senator Horatio Gates Jones says, " He occupied 
a high position among the most scientific men of 
his day ; he was devoted to such pursuits and to 
philosophical inquiries ; he became deeply inter- 
ested in the proposed propulsion of boats by 
steam." The celebrated Morgan Edwards says of 
him, " He is as remarkable a mechanic as he is an 
artist and philosopher ; the lathe, the plane, the 
hammer, the chisel, the graver, etc., have displayed 
his skill in the use of tools. His accomplishments 
have made him a member of our [the American] 
Philosophical Society." 

Dr. Allison was acquainted with the French, 
Spanish, and Portuguese, as well as with the dead 
languages. He was skilled in music, drawing, and 
painting, and in praying, preaching Jesus, and 
walking humbly with his God. 

He was a chaplain to Congress for a time, and 
afterwards at the navy-yard in Washington, where 
he died Feb. 20, 1827. 

Almira College. — This excellent school, merely 
founded with a view to the promotion of both edu- 
cation and general culture in Southern Illinois, 
was the result of a visit made to Greenville, 111., 
in 1854, by Prof. John B. White, then of Wake 
Forest College, in North Carolina. It was founded 
as a college for young ladies. The gift of $6000 
towards its endowment by Mrs. Morse, wife of 
Prof. Morse, an old friend and college associate 
of Prof. White, and visiting in Greenville, led to 
the naming of the college for this generous lady. 
Hence its name, — Almira College. The citizens 
of Greenville and Bond County entered with much 
zeal into the enterprise, and a handsome and com- 
modious building was soon erected upon a beauti- 
ful site near the town. The cost of the building 
was $20,000. It is three stories in height, 146 feet 
long and 46 wide. Prof. White was made presi- 
dent of the new college, and has remained so during 
its entire history, with the exception of an interval 
spent as chaplain in the army during the war. 
Like all Western schools, Almira College has had 
to contend with many financial embarrassments, 
but has during its entire history maintained a very 
high rank as a school of instruction for young 
women. 

Alston, E.ev. John, was born a slave in the 
State of South Carolina, and was emancipated by 
the results of the late war after his removal to 
Florida. He resides at Fernandina, where he has 
built up a large, well -disciplined church, over 
which he presides as a much-respected bishop. 
The church has several mission stations, which are 
under his special supervision, and they have built 



and nearly finished a large and beautiful house of 
worship in the Gothic style. The work has been 
done under the pastor's direction, and some of it 
by his own hands. 

Mr. Alston went to New York and solicited aid 
to build the house. For some time he was assisted 
by the Home Mission Society while the church was 
weak. He is a prominent man in his Association 
and in the State. As a speaker he is dignified and 
calm, and he uses very good language. He reads 
much, and his memory is retentive. 

Mr. Alston is a thorough and an intelligent 
Baptist, and is remarkably well informed in the 
" faith and order" of his denomination. He is quick 
to discern any innovations among his colored breth- 
ren, to whom his counsels are of great value. 

Ambler, Rev. I. V., was born in Saratoga Co., 
N. Y., in 1814. He graduated at Madison Uni- 
versity ; was oi'dained pastor of the Baptist church 
of Lanesborough, Mass., in wliich he labored for 
eight years during his first settlement, and to which 
he returned after a two years' absence for a second 
period of nine years. After serving the American 
and Foreign Bible Society and the American Bap- 
tist Home Mission Society as "agent," he became 
district secretary of the American Baptist Mis- 
sionary Union for Pennsylvania, Delaware, New 
Jersey, and the District of Columbia. He dis- 
charged the duties of this laborious oflice with great 
fidelity, wisdom, and courtesy for eleven years, 
knitting the hearts of the pastors and church mem- 
bers to himself to an extent never surpassed, and 
seldom equaled, by the brethren who hold such 
difficult positions. The writer became acquainted 
with Mr. Ambler twenty-four years before his 
death, was never under any obligation to him, 
knew him intimately, and was constrained to re- 
gard him as one of the best Christian men and 
most efficient secretaries he has ever known. He 
had accepted a call to the church at Media, Pa., 
and was in Pittsfield, Mass., preparing for removal 
to his new field, when he was called to the skies. 
He was sixty-four years of age. His death occa- 
sioned wide-spreatl grief. 

Ambrose, Rev. J. E., one of the pioneer Bap- 
tist ministers of Illinois, M-as born in Sutton, N. H., 
July 5, 1810, and born again at Rochester, N. Y., 
in 1826, and baptized there in May of that year 
into the fellowship of the First Baptist church. By 
that church he was licensed to preach at twenty 
years of age. In 1834, under appointment of the 
Home Mission Society, he removed to Illinois, and 
began labor in the northern part of that State. 
He was the first pastor of the churches of Hadley, 
Plainfield, Batavia, and St. Charles. In 1838 he 
was called to Elgin ; and in all these places he was 
a laborious and successful missionary. In 1838 he 
became connected with the Northwestern Baptist, 



AMERICAN 



25 



ANABAPTISTS 



a semi-monthly, and subsequently with the Western 
Christian, published at Elgin, issuing the latter 
paper, as its publisher, some five years. This was 
the beginning of journalism in Northern Illinois. 
Mr. Ambrose has been a resident of Illinois nearly 
forty years. His home is now in California. 

American and Foreign Bible Society.— This 

society was organized in 1837 with Rev. Dr. Spencer 
H. Cone, President ; Charles G. Sommers, Corre- 
sponding Secretary; William Colgate, Treasurer; 
John West, Recording Secretary ; and with thirty- 
one Vice-Presidents. The occasion of its organi- 
zation was the refusal of the American Bible So- 
ciety to appropriate funds for the printing and 
circubition of the translations made by the Baptist 
missionaries in India, in which the words relating 
to Ijaptism were rendered by those equivalent to 
immersion. Its first annual meeting was held in 
Oliver Street Baptist church. There were delegates 
from fifteen States, and much enthusiasm prevailed. 
Tlie treasurer reported contributions amounting to 
$38,714.14. Ninety-eight auxiliaries were added 
to it during the year. In its first report it recorded 
the names of 92 life-directors and 420 life-members, 
the former obtained by the payment of $100, the 
latter by $30 each. Appropriations were made to 
aid in printing and circulating the Scriptures in 
various languages and dialects of the East. 

The. society made rapid progress, as with few 
exceptions all the Baptists of America united in 
its support. At the annual meeting in May, 1850, 
a majority of tlie Board of Managers recommended 
the society to engage in the revision of the English 
Scriptures. The recommendation of the Board was 
rejected, and the action resulted in tlie organization 
of tlie American Bible Union, and the withdrawal 
of many of the supporters of the society. Up to 
this time it had received and disbursed upwards of 
$411,000. 

In 1852 the project of building a Bible House in 
Nassau Street, New York, was started by friends 
of the society, and in 1858 the work was accom- 
plislied, and a large marble building was presented 
to the society, for which $80,000 had been paid. A 
considerable indel)tedness remained, but it was ex- 
pected that the rents for rooms not needed by the 
society would speedily extinguish it. The expecta- 
tion was not realized, and eventually the Bible 
House passed into other hands. 

The entire amount of money raised by the so- 
ciety and disbursed for the distril)ution of the 
Scriptures in home and foreign countries up to the 
date of this writing is $1,294,898.27. 

Amsbury, Deacon Jabez, son of Mowry and 

Betsey Whipple (Clark) Amsbury. was born Oct. 13, 
1825, in Newton, Mass. He removed to Killingly, 
Conn., in 1826. He was educated at Wesleyan and 
Leicester Academies, Mass. In 1842 he moved to 



Norwich, Conn., and in February, 1846, was con- 
verted and baptized into the fellowship of the Cen- 
tral Baptist church, under the ministry of Rev. M. 
G. Clark. In 1852 he became teller in Quinebaug 
Bank. In 1855 he was chosen cashier of Danbury 
Bank, and removed to that place, where he still 
(1880) fills tlie office. He was superintendent of a 
Sunday-school in Norwich three years, and of that 
of the Second Baptist church in Danbury in 1854- 
55, and from 1870 to the present time ; trustee of 
the Second Baptist Society for fifteen years ; deacon 
since 18G2 ; one of the principal oflttcers of the 
borough of Danbury since 1862 ; been constantly in 
Sunday-school work since 1845 ; for past eleven 
years deputy collector of United States Internal 
Revenue; clerk of board of education of Danbury, 
and chairman of Centre District. A pure, earnest, 
energetic, executive man. 

ANABAPTISTS. 

The name " Anabaptist" was originally a re- 
proachful epitiiet applied to those Christians in 
the time of the Reformation who, from rigid ad- 
herence to the Scriptures as the infallible and all- 
sufficient standard of faith and practice, and from 
the evident incompatibility of infant baptism with 
regenerate church membership, rejected infant bap- 
tism and inaugurated churches of their own on the 
basis of believers' baptism. While reproached by 
their enemies with rehaptizing those that had been 
already baptized in the established churches, they 
maintained that the baptism of believers, such as 
was administered by themselves, was the only 
Christian baptism, the baptism of infants being 
unworthy of the name. 

Anabaptists, The German and Swiss.— The 

Anabaptist Reformation was nothing more than a 
consistent carrying out of the principles at first 
laid down by the Reformers, Luther and Zwingle, 
who both proposed, at the outset, to make the Bible 
the only standard of faith and practice. Many 
men of great religious eai-nestness, filled with this 
idea, could not bear to see the godly and the un- 
godly living together in the church, the latter as 
well as the former partaking of the Lord's Supper. 
The necessity of a separation of Christians from the 
ungodly was, therefore, the most fundamental thing 
with the Anabaptists of the sixteenth century, as 
it is with Baptists to-day. If only the regenerate 
are to be members of this body, it follows, neces- 
sarily, that those liaptized in unconscious infancy, 
or later in life without fiiith, are not truly baptized. 
They understood the Scripture to make faith a pre- 
requisite to baptism; and they found in Scripture 
no precept nor example for infant baptism. They 
rejected infant baptism as a matter of course and 
baptized anew all that came to them. Hence the 
name of reproach — " Anabaptist.'' Luther was as 



ANABAPTISTS 



26 



ANABAPTISTS 



uncompromising as Baptists in making personal 
faith prerequisite to valid baptism. He reproached 
the Waldenses for baptizing infants, and yet deny- 
ing that such infants have faith, thus taking the 
name of the Lord in vain. Not baptism, Luther 
held, but personal faith, justifies. If the infant 
has not personal faith, parents lie when they say 
for it "I believe." But Luther maintained that 
through the prayers of the church the infant does 
have faith, and he defied his adversaries to prove 
the contrary. This was more than the average man 
could believe. Hence he would be likely to accept 
the principle and to reject the application. Luther 
attached great importance to baptism : Zwingle 
very little. Hubmaier and Grebel both asserted 
that, in private conversation with them, Zwingle 
had expressed himself against infant baptism. His 
earlier writings show that for a time he doubted 
the scripturalness of infant baptism, and preferred 
to postpone baptism until the subject "should be 
able to profess his faith. We have indisputable 
evidence that almost every other leader in the 
Reformation, Melancthon, CEcolampadius, Capito, 
etc., had a struggle over the question of baptism. 
It seems equally certain that they were deterred 
from rejecting infant baptism by the manifest con- 
sequences of the Baptist position. It appeared to 
thein impossible that any movement should succeed 
which should lose the support of the civil powers, 
and should withdraw the true Christians from the 
mass of the people. Endless divisions, the triumph 
of the papists, and the entire overthrow of the 
Refonnation, seemed to them inevitable. Hence 
their defense of infant baptism, and their zeal in 
the suppression of the Anabaptists. Those that 
rejected infant baptism believed that Zwingle 
thought as they did, but held back from unworthy 
motives. We may divide the Anabaptists into 
three classes : (1) The fanatical Anabaptists. (2) 
The Baptist Anabaptists. (3) The mystical Anabap- 
tists. Great injustice has been done to many that 
fall under the name Anabaptist by failing to make 
this distinction. Was a certain party fanatical ? 
Tlie stigma is attached to all. Were a few mystics 
Anabaptists? All classes are blamed for it. 
Anabaptists, The Fanatical.— These were for 

the most part a result of Luther's earlier writings. 
It is remarkable that fanatical developments oc- 
curred in connection with Luthei-anism, and not in 
connection with Zwinglianism. 

Thomas M'dnzer and the Zwickau Prophets. — 
Thomas M'dnzer was never really an Anabaptist. 
Though he i-ejected infant baptism in theory, he 
held to it in practice, and never submitted to re- 
baptism himself nor rebaptized others. Yet he is 
usually regarded as the forerunner of the move- 
ment, and he certainly was influential in that di- 
rection. Having studied previously at Halle, he 



came to Wittenberg, where he caine under Luther's 
influence, and where he received his Doctor's de- 
gree. Like Luther, Miinzer was a great reader of 
the German Mystics, and when Lutiier came for- 
ward as a Reformer, Miinzer became one of his 
most decided and faithful supporters. On Luther's 
recommendation he came to Zwickau in 1520 as 
parish priest. Here he entered into controversy 
with the Erasmic rationalistic Egranus. The com- 
mon people, especially the weavers, took sides with 
Miinzer. Chief among these was Nicholas Storch, 
a Silesian, probably a Waldensian. Miinzer was 
naturally inclined to fanaticism, and this contro- 
versy, together with the zealous support he received 
from the common people, did much to bring it out. 
He regarded Luther's movemept as a half-way 
affair, and demanded the establishment of a pure 
church. He denounced Luther as an incapable 
man, who allowed the people to continue in their 
old sins, taught them the uselessness of works, and 
preached a dead faith more contradictory to the 
gospel than the teachings of the papists. While 
he held to the inspiration of the Scriptures, Miin- 
zer maintained that the letter of Scripture is of no 
value without the enlightenment of the Spirit, and 
that to believers God communicates truth directly 
alike in connection with and apart from the Scrip- 
tures. The excitement among the common people 
became intense, and Storch and others began to 
prophesy, to demand the abolition of all papal 
forms, and objects, and to speak against infant 
baptism. Miinzer had gone to Bohemia to preach 
in 1521. Here he published an enthusiastic address 
to the people in German, Bohemian, and Latin, de- 
nouncing the priests, and declaring that a new era 
was at hand, and that if the people should not ac- 
cept the gospel they would fall a prey to the Turks. 
Meanwhile, Storch' s party attempted, to carry out 
their ideas by force, and proclaimed that they had 
a mission to establish the kingdom of Christ on 
earth. They were suppressed by the authorities, 
and some of them tlirown into prison ; but Storch, 
Stubner, and Cellarius escaped and fled to Witten- 
berg. Stubner, a former student of the university, 
was entertained by Melancthon, who for a time 
was profoundly impressed by the prophets. Carl- 
stadt especially was brought under their influence. 
Storch traveled widely in Germany and Silesia, 
disseminating his views mostly among the peasants. 
He seems to have been a man of deep piety, great 
knowledge of Scripture, and uncommon zeal and 
activity in propagating his views. In Silesia, he is 
said to have labored for some time in connection 
with Lutheranism, which had just been planted 
there, withholding his peculiar views until he had 
gained a suflBcient influence to preach them effect- 
ively. Then he brought large numbers to his 
views. Here also the attempt to " set up the king- 



ANABAPTISTS 



27 



ANABAPTISTS 



dom of God on earth" was accompanied with tu- 
mult, and Storch was driven from Glogau. Driven 
from place to place, he established Anabaptist com- 
munities in various places, in the villages, and 
among the peasants. From Silesia Storch went to 
Bavaria, where he fell sick and died. But he left 
behind him many disciples, and two strong men 
who became leaders: Jacob Hutter and Gabriel 
Scherding, From Silesia and Bavaria many Ana- 
baptists fled into Moravia and Poland, where they 
became very numerous, and although they were 
afterwards persecuted severely they continued to 
exist for a long time. The followers of Storch 
practiced in many instances community of goods, 
and under persecution manifested some fanaticism. 
But we do Storch some injustice in classing him 
among the fanatics. Inasmuch, however, as he 
was closely connected with Miinzer at the begin- 
ning, and inasmuch as our information about him 
is not definite, we class him here with the expression 
of a probability that he repudiated much of Mlin- 
zer's proceedings, and was in most respects a true 
preacher of the gospel. In 1523, Miinzer became 
pastor at Alstedt. Here he married a nun, set 
aside the Latin Liturgy and prepared a German 
one. In this he retained infant baptism. About 
the beginning of 1524 he published two tracts 
against Luther's doctrines with regard to faith and 
. baptism. He had become convinced of the un- 
scripturalness of infant baptism, yet continued to 
administer it, telling the people that true baptism 
was baptism of the Spii-it. Mlinzer's ministry in 
Alstedt was brought to a close by the iconoclastic 
zeal of his followers. His preaching all along was 
of a democratical tendency, for he longed to see all 
men free and in the enjoyment of their rights. 
During this year he went to Switzerland, where he 
attempted to persuade Qicolampadius and others 
of the right of the people to revolt against op- 
pression. Here also he probably met the men who 
soon became leaders of the Swiss Anabaptists : 
GrebeljManz, Hiibmaier, etc. His main olyect in 
this tour seems to have been to secure co-operation 
in the impending struggle for liberty. Returning 
to Muhlhausen he became chief pastor and member 
of the Council. The whole region was soon under 
his influence. Luther visited the pi-incipal towns 
and attempted to dissuade the people from revolu- 
tion. He also attempted to induce the rulers to 
accord to the peasants their rights. But in neither 
respect did he succeed. When the peasants re- 
volted, Luther, although he knew that they had 
cause for dissatisfaction, turned against them and 
counseled the most unmerciful proceedings. Miin- 
zer showed no military capacity. The peasants had 
no military discipline, and were deceived by Miin- 
zer into reliance upon miraculous divine assistance. 
The result was that they were massacred in large 



numbers. Miinzer was taken prisoner and after- 
wards beheaded. 

Melchior Hoffman, born in Sweden, accepted Lu- 
ther's doctrine about 1523, preached with great 
zeal in Denmark and Sweden, laboring with his 
hands for his support. In the same year he came 
under the influence of Storch and Miinzer. Like 
these, he believed that the last day was at hand, 
and with great earnestness warned men to turn 
from their sins. His interpretation of Scripture, 
especially the prophetical parts, which he freely 
applied to his own time, and his constant efi'ort to 
arouse men to flee from the wrath to come, led to 
his being hunted from place to place by Lutherans 
as well as by papists. 

In 1526, King Frederick of Denmai-k came to 
his aid and gave him a comfortable stipend and 
freedom to preach the gospel throughout Holstein. 
Here Hoffman remained about two years, and 
might have remained longer had he not declared in 
favor of the Carlstadt-Zwinglian view of the Lord's 
Supper. This led to controversy, which caused his 
expulsion and the confiscation of his goods. In 
company with Caidstadt he took refuge in Switzer- 
land, and in 1529 went to Strassburg. Here he 
was joyfully received by the Zwinglians, but his 
preaching soon disgusted them, the difficulty here, 
as elsewhere, being that he claimed a special in- 
spiration of God to interpret Scripture, and did this 
in a manner that tended to produce an unwhole- 
some popular excitement. Hofi"man now came to 
see that there was a wide breach between him and 
the other evangelical preachers. Their apprehen- 
sion of Scripture, he thought, was an appreliension 
of the letter, his, of the spirit. Their religion was 
of the understanding, his, of the heart. Their re- 
ligion admitted of pride and pomp, his, only of 
humility. The Anabaptists had by this time be- 
come numerous in Southern Germany. AVhen 
Hoffman came to know them it is not strange that 
he should have been led to unite with them. In 
1530 he declared his acceptance of their views on 
baptism, justification, free-will, church discipline, 
etc. ; and as most of the Anabaptist leaders had 
either suffered martyrdom or died of the pest, 
Hofi"man became a leader among them, and led 
many to his own fanatical and false views. Un- 
der Hofi"man's influence the opinions of the Ana- 
baptists, which had been in great part sound and 
biblical, underwent many changes. Hoffman be- 
lieved that Christ did not receive his body from 
the virgin. This view was perpetuated by the 
Mennonites (a sort of Manichean view). His Mil- 
lenarian views also became common among the 
Anabaptists. Through him the Anabaptist move- 
ment spread over all the Netherlands, and he came 
to be regarded as a great prophet. At Embden, 
in Friesland, the Anabaptists became so strong that 



ANABAPTISTS 



28 



ANABAPTISTS 



they were able to baptize openly in the churches 
and on the streets. The most influential leader in 
the Netherlands (after Hoffman) was Matthiesen. 
In 1532 Hoffman was thrown into prison in Strass- 
burg. Here he became more and more fanatical. 
Several men and women began to have visions and 
to interpret them with reference to current events. 
Hoffman they called Elias ; Schwenkfeldt was 
Enoch, etc. The enthusiasm spread, and the Ana- 
baptist movement made rapid conquests. Per- 
secution was probably the cause, and certainly a 
means of promoting the fanaticism. Hoffman died 
in prison, Januai-y, 1543, after more than ten years' 
confinement. 

The Mllnster Uproar. — The episode in the history 
of the Reformation that did most to make the Ana- 
baptists abominable in the eyes of the world, and 
from the effects of which Baptists long suffered in 
England and America, and even now suffer in Ger- 
many, was the Miinster kingdom. Doubtless the 
preaching of Hoffman, and still more that of his fol- 
lowers, had something to do with this event. Yet 
the idea that this preaching constitutes the chief 
factor is utterly unfounded. In 1524-25, Miinster 
shared in the communistic movement (Peasants' 
War), but the magistrates and clergy had been 
strong enough to crush out the communism and 
Lutheranism together. After this the Reformation 
gained scarcely any visible ground there until 1529. 
About this time, Bernard Rothmann, an educated 
and eloquent young man, as chaplain in the colle- 
giate church at St. Mauritz, near Miinster, began 
to preach Protestant sermons. Despite the deter- 
mined opposition of magistrates and clergy, the 
Miinster people forsook the parish churches and 
flocked to St. Mauritz. In 1533 the Protestants 
obtained in Miinster the right to the free exercise 
of their religion, and six parish churches came into 
their hands. Soon they obtained the supremacy 
in the Council, and began to carry out their princi- 
ples of reform. The bishop and Romish clergy 
were driven away, and an army was equipped for 
the protection of Lutheranism. Thousands of in- 
surrectionary spirits assembled from the surround- 
ing regions, and among them many of the Hoff- 
manite Anabaptists. It was natural that, when 
these latter saw the papal party crushed, they 
should have supposed that the kingdom of Christ 
was about to be set up at Miinster. In 1532, 
Rothmann, the recognized leader of the Lutheran 
party at Miinster, became an Anabaptist. As a 
Lutheran, Rothmann is said to have been disso- 
lute. When he liecame an Anabaptist he adopted 
an almost ascetical mode of life. He exhorted the 
y)eople to the practice of charity and humility, and 
warned them against yielding to the senses and 
passions. He also declared that the millennium 
had come, and that the end of the world would 



come a thousand years later. The Anabaptists 
gained the ascendancy just as the Luthei-ans had 
done before them. Once in full power, their fa- 
naticism increased until a king was set up, polyg- 
amy was introduced in accordance with pretended 
revelations of the Spirit, and many other abomina- 
tions were practiced. After a few months the 
Miinster kingdom was overthrown and the leaders 
executed. This affair has commonly been looked 
upon as a natural culmination of Anabaptism. 
The fact is, that Lutheranism was responsible for 
it far more than Anabaptism, and that the rigor 
with which evangelical Christianity was suppressed 
in Munster until 1531 was the most potent cause 
of all. 

It may be remarked that while none of the Ana- 
baptists were free from what we regard as errors, 
the great body of the Swiss Anabaptists made a 
vei-y close approach to our position ; and if we 
take into consideration the circumstances under 
which they were placed, we shall not be inclined 
to judge them harshly in the things wherein they 
seem to have gone astray. Fundamentally they 
were Baptists, but it required time for tiieui to 
reach a complete development. RiJubli, when ex- 
pelled from Basle, came to Wyticon, near Zlirich, 
and under his influence the parishioners almost all 
refused to have their children baptized, as early as 
1524. Rciubli did not yet insist on rebaptism, Inu 
simply set forth the unscripturalness of infant 
baptism. In 1524, Grebel, Manz, and others l)e- 
gan to manifest their dissatisfaction with the state 
of ecclesiastical affairs at Zurich. They pressed 
upon Zwingle the necessity of a further reforma- 
tion of the churches, and reproved him for tardi- 
ness and coldness in the matter. Zwingle urged 
that the unregenerate had been retained in the 
churches, on the ground that " he that is not 
against us is for us ;" and that in the parable it is 
commanded to let the tares grow with the wheat. 
They objected also to the dependence of religion 
on the civil magistracy. They were answered that 
the magistracy, while not free from human ele- 
ments, was not merely not opposed to the AYord 
of God, but gave protection to the preaching of the 
same. They soon began to accuse Zwingle of sac- 
rificing willfully the truth in order to maintain the 
favor of the civil rulers. They now began to ab- 
sent themselves from the churches, to h(dd secret 
meetings, in which they discussed freely the de- 
sirableness of setting up pure churches. During 
this year the writings of Carlstadt and Munzer 
became known to them, and they instituted a cor- 
respondence with these men. How far the Zlirich 
Anabaptists were influenced by Mlinzer it is not 
possible to ascertain. It is certain that they read 
hi? writings against Luther and admired them, be- 
fore September, 1524. It is equally certain that 



A XA BAPTISTS 



AXABAPTISTS 



they were not first led to their views of thorou<;h 
reform by these writings, but were only strength- 
ened and encouraged thereby in their already pro- 
gressing work. The letter of Grebel, Manz. and 
others to Mlinzor, Sept. 5, 1524, shows that they 
had already advanced far beyond Miinzer in their 
true views of reform, and that they felt tliemselves 
competent to pronounce judgment upon Mlinzers 
inconsistencies and upon his revolutionary utter- 
ances. They expostulate with him for having trans- 
lated the mass instead of abolishing it. They claim 
that there is no precept or example in the Xew 
Testament for the chanting of church services. 
Tiiey insist tliat what is not expressly taught by 
word or example is the same as if it were forbid- 
den. No ceremonies are allowable in connection 
with the Lord's Supper, except tlie reading of the 
Scriptures bearing upon this ordinance. Common 
bread and common wine, without any idolatrous 
ceremonies, are to be employed in the Supper. The 
ordinance is declared to be an act of communion, 
expressive of the fact that communicants are truly 
one body. Inasmuch as the ordinance is a com- 
munion, no one is to partake of it alone on a sick- 
bed. It should not be celebrated in temples, on 
account of superstitious associations. It should be 
celebrated frequently. They exhort Miinzer to 
abandon all non-scriptural usages, insisting that it 
is better that a few should believe and act in ac- 
cordance with the Word of God than that many 
should believe in a doctrine mingled with false- 
hood. They are pleased with his theoretical rejec- 
tion of infant baptism, but grieved that he should 
continue to practice what he has shown to be un- 
warranted. Moreover, they have 'heard that he 
has been preaching against the magistracy, and 
maintaining the right of Christians to resist abuses 
with the sword. They set forth their conviction 
that neither are we to protect tiie gospel nor our- 
selves with the sword. Thus the Swiss Anabap- 
tists were from the outset free from fanaticism, and 
they appear even in 1524 not as disciples, but as 
teachers of Miinzer. The opposition to the estab- 
lished church had by this time become so formid- 
able, that the Council appointed a public disputa- 
tion for Jan. 17, 1525; but there was no intention 
on the part of the Council or of Zwingle to decide 
tlie matter fairly in accordance with the weight of 
the arguments, and the decision of the Council was, 
tlierefore, against the Anabaptists : and a mandate 
was at once issued requiring the baptism within 
eight days of every unbaptized child, on pain of 
the banishment of the responsible parties. This 
action was soon followed by a prohibition of the 
assemblies of the radicals. Grebel and Manz were 
exhorted to leave oflf their disputing against infmt 
baptism and in favor of regenerate church meml)er- 
ship. In order to insure quiet, Roubli, Hatzer, 



and otliers, foreigners, were warned to leave the 
canton within eight days. This only led to greater 
boldness on the part of the Anabaptists, and soon 
George Blaurock, having first been baptized by 
Grefjel, baptized a number of others. From this 
time the cause of the Anabaptists, notwithstanding 
the severe persecution to which they were sub- 
jected, made rapid progress. The breaking out of 
the Peasants' War in 1525 tended to increase the 
apprehensions of the Swiss authorities, and tlie 
rigor towards Anabaptists now became greater. 
Many, both men and women, were thrown into 
prison, and released only on the payment of heavy 
fines and the promise to desist from their heresy, 
or, in some cases, to leave the canton. Tiie pen- 
alty of returning from banishment was drowning. 
Grebel, Manz, Hlibmaier, and Blaurock were im- 
prisoned and banished. Manz was finally drowned. 
Though continually harassed, these noble witnesses 
for Christ were very active, traveling from place to 
place, preaching at night in private houses to the 
people, who were anxious to hear. Some preachers 
liaptized hundreds, if not thousands, of persons. 
From Zlirich they spread throughout Switzerland, 
Southern Germany, the Netherlands, Moravia, etc. 
Doctrines of the Swiss Anabaptists. — Although 
most of the leaders held some views peculiar to 
themselves, they may be said to have been agreed 
on the following points, as exhibited in the Con- 
fession of 1527, which also forms the basis of 
Zwingle's "Refutation" of 1527. (1) Baptism 
of believers. (The form of baptism never came up 
for discussion, and was, in some instances, immer- 
sion, but in most instances afi"usion.) (2) Dis- 
cipline and exclusion of unworthj' members. (3) 
Communion of baptized believers. (4) Separation 
from the impure churches and the world. This 
involved a refusal to have any social intercourse 
with evil-doers, to attend ciiurch services with un- 
believers and those in error, to enter into marriage 
relations with them. etc. This, absolute separatism 
gave them as much trouble, perhaps, as any other 
single ■doctrine. (5) They condemned the support 
of pastors by taxation of the people. The pastors, 
when they required support, were rather to be sup- 
ported by voluntary offerings of the members. (6) 
As to magistracy, they maintained that true Chris- 
tians, as being entirely subject to the laws of Christ, 
have no need of magistracy. Yet they did not deny 
that magistracy is necessary in the ungodly world ; 
neither did they refuse obedience to magistracy in 
whatever did not come athwart their religious con- 
victions. (7) They rejected oaths on the ground 
of Christ's command. " Swear not at all." They 
distinguished, however, between swearing as a 
promise with an oath to do or be something in the 
future, and testifying with regard to things past or 
present. The latter they did not condemn. Some 



ANABAPTISTS 



30 



ANDERSON 



of these Anabaptists held, in addition to these 
views, to community of goods, on the ground of 
the example of the Apostolic Church. But most 
of them insisted only on great liberality in reliev- 
ing the wants of their needy brethren. 

The Mystical and Speculative Anabaptists. — 
Here may be classed a large number of able and 
"learned men, some who allied themselves with the 
Anabaptists and were active in evangelical work, 
as Denk and Haetzer ; others who contented them- 
selves with the theoretical rejection of infant bap- 
tism, but who either cared so little for ordinances 
in general as to be unwilling to make rejection of 
infant baptism a prominent feature of their creed, 
as Schwenkfeldt, Sebastian, Frank, etc., or else 
were so occupied with graver doctrinal contro- 
versies that their Anabaptist views attracted com- 
paratively little attention, as Michael Servetus, 
Faustus Socinus, etc. Almost all the Antitrini- 
tarians were rejecters of infant baptism, and several 
who diverged very widely from accepted views with 
regard to the person of Christ were especially noted 
as Anabaptists. With many the unspeakable love 
and mercy of God came to be a favorite theme. 
Such being the case, the propitiatory character of 
Christ's death came to be viewed by some as un- 
necessary and contrary to God's character. There 
being thus no need of an infinite sacrifice, many 
came to deny the absolute eternity of the Son and 
his absolute equality with the Father. On the other 
hand, it was perfectly natural that those who went 
so far as to call in question the great doctrinal for- 
mulae should call in question such practices as in- 
fant baptism, for which there is no New Testament 
authority whatever. We are to make a clear dis- 
tinction between men who were led into error by 
excessive Mysticism, as Denk, Haetzer, etc., and 
those who were professed rationalists, as Laelius 
and Faustus Socinus. (See Denk and Haetzer.) 
Anabaptists, The Dutch.— We give separate 
consideration to the early Dutch Anabaptists, on 
account of their relation to the Mennonites, who 
still constitute an important party. We shall have 
space only for the following remai-ks. 1. A con- 
siderable number of moderate Swiss Anabaptists 
when persecuted at home took refuge in the Neth- 
erlands and made many converts before the time 
of Hoffman and Matthiesen. 2. Most of these were 
absorbed by the much more vigorous movement in 
which Hoffman's influence preponderated (1529- 
34). 3. A small number of Dutch Anabaptists 
maintained their moderation even in the time of 
the Miinster uproar. 4. A still larger number 
were restored to their senses after the suppression 
of the Miinster kingdom. 5. Menno Simon, a Ro- 
man Catholic priest, was led through a profound 
religious experience, gradually and almost inde- 
pendently of Anabaptist influence, to the rejection 



of infant baptism and the restoration of believer's 
baptism. After the Miinster uproar, the better 
element of the Anabaptists in the Netherlands re- 
pudiated all connection with the Miinster men ; and 
with Menno Simon as their leader (1536 onward), 
soon became an exceedingly strong party. They 
suffered persecution under the Inquisition, and 
thousands died at the stake, but they finally se- 
cured toleration, and have maintained themselves 
to the present day. Their doctrines are, in the 
main, the same as those held by earlier Anabap- 
tists. They reject infant baptism, oaths, magis- 
tracy, the sword, marriage with unbelievers, com- 
munion with the unregenerate. They adopted 
Hoffman's view as to Christ's body. 

Anderson, Christopher, was born in Edin- 
burgh in 1782. In the midst of youthful gayety 
and worldliness, he was attracted to the Circus 
chapel by the preaching of the celebrated Haldane 
brothers, then at the zenith of their remarkably 
useful career. The earnest appeals of James Hal- 
dane were the means of his conversion, and he 
joined the church at the Circus in 1799. This 
church was then a Pedobaptist body. The .visit 
of some English Baptist students to the university 
led to a change in his opinions respecting baptism, 
and on being baptized he was summarily excom- 
municated from the Circus. In conjunction with 
his English student friends and others he endeav- 
ored to establish a Baptist church, and took a lead- 
ing part in conducting the meetings, of the little 
assembly. Andrew Fuller's first missionary tour 
in Scotland in 1799, and his subsequent visit in 
1802, awakened in young Anderson a fervent in- 
terest in missions to the heathen. He sought an 
interview with Mr. Fuller, and was encouraged to 
offer himself for the Indian work. In 1805 he pro- 
ceeded to the seminary at Olney, presided over by 
the revered Joseph Sutclifif, where missionary can- 
didates attended a preparatory course of study. 
Anderson's constitution proving unfitted for the 
tropics, he was transferred to Bristol College, but 
his academical course was brief. His acceptable 
preaching procured him pressing invitations to 
settle as pastor in England, and the church at 
Prescott Street, London, which had lately lost its 
venerable and eminen.t pastor, Abraham Booth, 
urged him repeatedly to accept its charge. But 
his heart was set on raising a church in his native 
city. The Scotch Baptist churches of that period 
were not organized after his mind, and he thought 
them deficient in evangelistic zeal. He commenced 
labor in Edinburgh in 1806. After the erection of 
the spacious and handsome edifice known as Char- 
lotte chapel, his ministry was well attended and the 
membership considerably increased. By his exer- 
tions the "Itinerant Society" was formed, now 
merged into the " Scottish Baptist Home Mission- 



ANDERSON 



31 



ANDERSON 



ary Society," and also the Edinburgh branch of 
the British and Foreign Biljle Society. Whilst 
abundant in home missionary labor, he never lost 
his first love for the foreign work which Andrew 
Fuller's preaching had inspired. Fuller, indeed, 
designated him as his successor in the secretary- 
ship of the Baptist Missionary Society. Notwith- 
standing the pressure of his pulpit and philan- 
thropic labors, he found time for a literary work 
involving great research and study. His zeal for 
the circulation of the Scriptures in the vernacular 
had kindled in him an enthusiastic admiration of 
the history of the English version, and some in- 
vestigations which he prosecuted on the occasion 
of its third centenary celebration in 1835 led him 
to devote his energies to a. work in which the 
"Annals of the English Bible" should be accu- 
rately and completely set forth. The results of his 
persevering toil appeared in two volumes, 8vo, 
1845, under the above title. This work possesses 
the cai'dinal excellencies such a book should have. 
It is accurate and trustworthy in statement of facts, 
and casts light on many obscure and misunder- 
stood matters. The noble character and services 
of Tyndale, Frith, and others are vividly presented, 
with the record of the singular providential circum- 
stances of the origin and circulation of the English 
Biljle. Some years before the preparation of the 
Annals he wrote a volume on " The Domestic Con- 
stitution, or the Family Circle the Source and Test 
of National Stability," which had a wide circula- 
tion, not only in Great Britain but also in this 
country. Several editions of it were published at 
Boston, New York, and elsewhere. In 1847 he re- 
vised and improved the book, and issued a new edi- 
tion, with a preface which expressed forcibly the 
author's solicitude for the cause of civil and relig- 
ious liberty, as exposed on the one hand to the 
machinations of the Romish priesthood, and on the 
other to the godless fervors of socialism. With this 
publication his literary labors ended, and retire- 
ment from public life became obviously necessary. 
On the 18th of February, 1852, he peacefully fell 
asleep in Jesus, aged seventy years. His numer- 
ous public labors secured him the respect of a wide 
circle of the worthiest of his countrymen as well as 
of his own denomination. His " Life and Letters," 
by his nephew, Hugh Anderson, is a valuable biogra- 
phy, especially rich in interesting correspondence. 
Anderson, Rev. David, was born in Nelson 
Co., Ky., in 1806. He was converted and baptized 
at the age of twenty-seven years. He was ordained 
in 1850. He labored in Northwest Missouri for 
twenty years. At his death he was pastor of the 
Missouri City church. He was sound in doctrine 
and exemplary in life. 

Anderson, Rev. Galusha, D.D., president of 
the University of Chicago, was born in Bergen, 



Genesee Co., N. Y., March 7, 1832. His father, 
though born in this country, is of pure Scottish de- 
scent, and was reared in the strict forms of the 
Scotch Presbyterians. In his own family govern- 
ment he was always kind, but very firm. In all 
weathers the whole family were required to attend 
church. Morning and evening prayer was never 




REV. GALUSHA ANDERSON, D.D. 

omitted. In this thoroughly religious method 
of family life his wife sustained him, while the 
children, as they advanced in years, fully realized 
the advantages of early fidelity to principle and to 
law. Dr. Anderson's father and mother are at this 
date (1880) both living, the former at the age of 
eighty, the latter of seventy-six. 

Until the age of seventeen Galusha was engaged 
upon his father's farm, with such intervals of study 
as the district school of the place allowed. At that 
time he was determined to be a lawyer, made po- 
litical speeches and delivered temperance lectures 
to cows and trees on the farm ; being in politics a 
warm partisan of Henry Clay and a protective 
tariff on the one hand, and a staunch advocate of 
total abstinence on the other. He was also an 
active participant in the exercises of a debating 
society at the district school-house, reciting pieces 
at exhibitions given by the society, when every- 
body in the neighborhood came to hear. 

At thirteen years of age he Avas converted, and 
was baptized by Rev. Martin Coleman in the town 
of Sweden, Monroe Co., N. Y., in the spring of 
1844. At seventeen, after a severe struggle, he 
yielded to convictions of duty upon the subject of 
becoming a minister, and entered Alfred Academy, 



ANDERSON 



32 



ANDERSON 



in Alleghany County, to prepare for college. In 
1851 he entered the Sophomore class of the Uni- 
versity of Rochester. His course at the university 
was an unusually successful one. He took the 
prize in Sophomore debate, the first prize in Sopho- 
more declamation, had the place of honor at the 
Junior exhibition, and on behalf of the students of 
the university delivered the address to Dr. A. C. 
Kendrick upon his return from Greece. It may 
be also mentioned in this connection that Dr. An- 
derson was the first Rochester alumnus to receive 
the degree of Doctor of Divinity from that univer- 
sity. Graduating in 1854, he entered the Theo- 
logical Seminary, and from it graduated in 1856. 
In the autumn of that year he was ordained as 
pastor of the Baptist church in Janesville, Wis. 

At Janesville Dr. Anderson remained two years, 
a pastorate which lie regards as the most successful 
Avork of his life. At the earnest solicitation of 
brethren both in St. Louis and in the East, he ac- 
cepted, in the fall of 1858, the pastorate of the 
Second Baptist church in St. Louis. Here he re- 
mained until 1866, holding his post during all the 
agitations of the war, and keeping his church 
strongly loyal. In St. Louis he organized a society 
for church extension, through whose means three 
churches vs'ere helped into a self-supporting condi- 
tion. In the autumn of 1866 he was called to the 
chair of Homiletics, Church Polity, and Pastoral 
Duties in the Newton Theological Institution. 
Here he remained seven years, but was drawn 
back to the pastorate by his love for that work in 
1873, at the Strong Place church, Brooklyn, and 
in June, 1876, at the Second Baptist church, Chi- 
cago. In February, 1878, he was elected president 
of the University of Chicago, and, resigning iiis 
pastorate, entered at once upon the duties of that 
office. 

The university at this time stood in need of the 
qualities of character, intellect, and moral force 
which Dr. Anderson brought to its service. The 
good effect of his firm, intelligent, manly course 
began at once to appear. New friends rallied to 
the support of the institution, old friends took heart 
anew, and as we now write there are reasons to 
believe that this work, to which, in the prime of 
his powers. Dr. Anderson is now giving himself, is 
to crown a distinguished and si^ccessful career with 
a service to which few men would lie found equal. 

Anderson, Rev. George W., D.D., was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., May 15, 1816. He was baptized 
March 20, 1836, by Rev. J. J. Woolsey, and re- 
ceived into the fellowship of the Central church, 
Philadelphia. He graduated from Madison Uni- 
versity, N. Y., in 1844, and from Hamilton Theo- 
logical Seminary in 1846. Received the degree of 
Doctor of Divinity from Lewisburg University. 

In 1846 efforts were made to establish the uni- 



versity at Lewisburg, Pa., and as one means for 
facilitating these efforts it was thought wise to 
publish a Baptist paper. The Christian Chronicle 
was the outgrowth of this enterprise, and Dr. An- 
derson was invited to the editorship. From this 
date a new and better jera began for the Baptists 
of Pennsylvania. 




IH\ OEOKGE W VNULRSON, D.D. 

In 1849 he was elected to the chair of the Latin 
Language and Literature in the university at 
Lewisburg. In 1854 he was ordained pastor of tiie 
Northeast church, Dutchess Co., N. Y. Although 
he had preached previously, yet up to this time he 
had refused ordination because he was not engaged 
in pastoral work. In August. 1858. he became 
pastor of the Lower Merion church, Montgomery 
Co., Pa. In 1864 he was made book editor of the 
American Baptist Publication Society, in which 
position he still continues to render valuable ser- 
vice to our denominational literature. On the 
boards of the Publication Society, and of the trus- 
tees of the Crozer Theological Seminary, he has 
also contributed largely to the fuccess of mission- 
ary and educational work. He is a clear thinker 
and a forcible writer. 

He was married April, 1847, to Miss jMaria 
Frances, daughter of Thomas F. Hill, Esq., of 
Exeter, England. 

Anderson, Rev. J. D., pastor at Byhalia, Miss., 
is a native of that State, born in 1852. Ho Itegan 
to preach in 1868. Spent two years at Mississippi 
College, and two at the Southern Baptist Theologi- 
cal Seminary. He taught Latin and Greek in 
Blue Mountain College five years, and supplied 



ANDERSON 



ANDERSON 



country churches. After one year at Longtown 
he accepted his present pastorate. 

Anderson, Rev. J. Richard, pastor of the 
Second African Baptist church in St. Louis, was 
born in Shawneetovvn, 111. Ilis parents were slaves 
in Virginia. He came witli the sister of Attorney- 
General Bates to Missouri. His education be^^an in 
the Sabbath-school of the First Colored church in 
St. Louis, organized by Dr. J. M. Peck. He was 
converted under Rev. Jerry Meachuiu's preaching, 
and he was baptized in the First African church of 
St. Louis. In 1847 he became associate pastor with 
Rev. Richard Snethen of the Second African Bap- 
iist church in St. Louis ; and in 1849 he took sole 
charge of the church, which lie retained till his 
death, four years after. His son is now his suc- 
cessor in this pastorate. 

Mr. Anderson built a house of worship, which, 
with the lot, cost .112,000. He gave his whole 
salary one year to the edifice fund, and he solicited 
the rest of the money. He was a wise pastor. He 
had a revival every year in his church. He was 
.acquainted with Greek and Latin, and expounded 
the Scriptures systematically on Sabbath mornings. 
Dr. Galusha Anderson, in his memorial sermon of 
him, says "his sermons were clear and pointed." 
He was loved in his home and church, and respected 
in the community. One hundred and seventy-five 
carriages were in the procession that followed him 
to his grave. 

Anderson, Martin Brewer, LL D., president 
of the University of Rochester, N. Y., was born 
in Brunswick, Me., Feb. 12, 1815. He inherited 
from his father, who was of Scotch-Irish descent, 
an unusual degree of physical and intellectual 
vigor, strong emotional impulses, and a sympa- 
thetic nature. His mother, who was of English 
origin, was a woman of marked intellectual quali- 
ties, possessing quick powers of discernment, a 
cautious but firm judgment, combined with inten- 
sity of moral conviction. 

At the age of sixteen he devoted all his leisure 
to the acquisition of general knowledge. A well- 
organized debating club, composed of men of ma- 
ture age and experience, furnished a motive for 
independent study and an arena for intellectual 
discipline. With this as an incentive, he pursued 
a course of reading which extended over a wide 
range of subjects, including history, politics, and 
general literature. The passion for learning thus 
developed, accompanied by an awakened interest in 
religion, led him to look towards a professional 
career. He completed his preparatory course of 
study, and in 1836 entered "Waterville College (now 
Colby University). His college training gave a 
severer discipline to his already vigorous mind, 
and reduced to a more scientific firm the knowl- 
edge he had previously acquired. While in college 



he was specially devoted to mathematics, the natu- 
ral sciences, and intellectual philosophy. He grad- 
uated in 1840, holding a very high position in hia 
class. During the I'ollowing j-ear he pursued a 
course of study in the theological seminary at 
Newton, Mass. 




M. B ANDERSON. LI. D 

In 1841 he was appointed tutor of Latin. Greek, 
and Mathematics in Waterville College, which po- 
sition he held for two years. During the winter 
vacation of 1842-43 he supplied the pulpit of the 
E Street Baptist church in Washington, D. C. He 
there delivered a sermon in the House of Repre- 
sentatives which brought him into the favorable 
notice of a number of public men, among whom 
was John Quincy Adams. Unfortunately, at this 
time, on account of the loss of his voice, he was 
compelled to discontinue public speaking. In the 
fall of 1843 he was promoted to the professorf^hip 
of Rhetoric in Waterville College. Besides his 
regular instruction in rhetoric and literary criti- 
cism, he taught classes in Latin, delivered a course 
of lectures upon modern history, and pursued a 
special investigation upon the origin and growth 
of the English language. This position not only 
afforded a means of giving greater breadth and 
thoroughness to his general scholarship, but al.'-o, 
on account of his special duties, opened a sphere 
for the developjnent of the administrative capacity 
for which he has since become distinguished. 

In 1850 he resigned his professorship and re- 
moved to New York City, where he liecame propri- 
etor and editor-in-chief of the Neif York Recorda; 
a weekly Bnptist journal. As a jou;nalist he was 



ANDERSON 



34 



ANDERSON 



marked by great energy and perseverance, by the 
learning and discrimination of his literary criti- 
cisms, and by the vigor and incisiveness of his 
editorials, which, from the necessities of his posi- 
tion at that time, were frequently of a controver- 
sial character. Through the independent position 
which he assumed as an editor, and the intellectual 
capacity which he displayed, he obtained a wide 
influence in the denomination, and was brought 
prominently before the public at large. 

In 1853 he was unaniinously elected the first 
president of the University of Rochester. This 
position he has since retained, notwithstanding the 
many inducements held out to him to change his 
field of labor. By his unswerving devotion to the 
cause of education, and by a career of uninter- 
rupted success, he has attained a position among 
the foremost educators of the present day. His 
success as an educator during this period has de- 
pended largely upon his extensive and varied ac- 
quirements as a scholar, his high conception of 
the functions of the teacher, and his unusual ca- 
pacity for administration. 

His scholarship has been of the most compre- 
hensive and liberal type. It has been developed 
not so much by the exclusive study of any special 
science as by the application of a general vieihnd 
to many branches of thought. This method, com- 
bining the comparative and historical modes of 
investigation, has been a constant incentive to 
push his inquiries beyond the limits of any single 
science or any special group of sciences. Gifted 
by nature with an untiring industry and a versa- 
tile mind, with a capacity for rapid acquisition and 
a genius for perceiving the broadest relations among 
the facts of nature and mind, he has pursued his 
investigations into an unusual number of the de- 
partments of human knowledge. The results of 
many of these lines of investigation have, been or- 
ganized into courses of study and presented to the 
students under his charge. 

These courses are illustrative of the direction 
and range of his scholarship, and the most im- 
portant of them may be briefly referred to. The 
first completed course of lectures, made after his 
accession to the presidency, was upon Intellectual 
Philosophy. This was prefaced by a discussion 
of scientific. method, illustrating the fundamental 
principles involved in the genesis and organization 
of the various sciences, and also the possibility of 
subjecting mental facts to scientific analysis and 
interpretation. As a prominent feature of his 
philosophical teaching, he enforced the reality of 
perception as <a fact of consciousness as opposed to 
idealism on the one hand and sensationalism on 
the other. He also expounded the history of the 
doctrine of perception from the time of Plato to 
the present, and showed the relation of the vari- 



ous forms of the doctrine to the theory accepted as 
the true one. While recognizing elements of truth 
in opposing systems of philosophy, he combated 
the tendencies alike of idealistic pantheism and of 
modern materialistic evolution. This course, which 
has been continued in its essential plan to the pres- 
ent time, was supplemented by lectures on Moral 
Philosophy, in which he enforced the reality of 
moral distinctions as opposed to associations and 
utilitarian theories. He also organized a new 
course of lectures on History, comprising such 
subjects as the Decline of the Roman Empire, the 
Feudal System, Mohammedariism, the Crusades, 
the Canon Law, the history of Labor, Transporta- 
tion, and the series of agencies which developed 
the States System of Europe. An extended course 
of lectures was subsequently developed upon Po- 
litical Economy, which comprehended not only the 
general principles of production, exchange, and 
consumption as usually treated, but special and 
exhaustive discussions upon the Scientific Tiic- 
ories of Money, the Banking System, Taxation, 
International Commerce, and the Effects of Free 
Trade and Protection upon National Prosperity, 
these lectures being frequently illustrated by ex- 
amples taken from ancient and modern history. 
He has also delivered lectures upon Constitu- 
tional Law, drawing comparative illustrations 
from the Constitutions of the United States and 
Great Britain, upon the Relation of Ethics to Juris- 
prudence, which course was originally presented 
at Cincinnati in 1876, and also upon Art Criti- 
cism, and the History of the Fine Arts, including 
Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, and Engraving. 
Besides the investigations necessary for the organ- 
ization of these definite courses of study, he has 
preserved a scholarly interest in the other depart- 
ments of a collegiate course, especially Mathemat- 
ics, the Natural Sciences, Philology, and General 
Literature. 

His broad scholarship has yet been made tributary 
and conducive to his work as a teacher and general 
administrator. He has acquired knowledge in order 
to impart it, and to make it the instrument of power 
and the means of moulding character. As an ad- 
ministrative officer he holds a pre-eminent position 
among educators. This is due, in great part, to the 
magnetic inspiration which he gives to young men, 
the personal supervision and interest which lie man- 
ifests in all the departmentsof instruction, and the 
common organic spirit which he impresses upon all 
the educational agencies placed under his control. 

While his attention and energies have been de- 
voted principally to the cause of education and the 
interests of the institution with which he is con- 
nected, he has also taken an important part in re- 
ligious and denominational affairs. He has deliv- 
ered sermons in various parts of the country, and 



# 



ANDERSON 



35 



ANDERSON 



has rendered valuable assistance in organizing and 
extending the work connected with American and 
foreign missions. He has been president of the 
Home Mission Society, and for three years was 
president of the Foreign Mission Society. He has, 
besides, been actively engaged in matters of social 
and political importance, in which he has exhibited 
the practical capacity of the man of affairs. 

During the war of the Rebellion he was earnestly 
devoted to the national cause. He wrote many 
editorials and delivered stirring speeches in favor 
of the Union, and rendered efficient service on com- 
mittees for the raising of soldiers. In 1868 he was 
appointed on the New York State Board of Chari- 
ties as menil)er from the seventh judicial district. 
As member of this board he has served on commit- 
tees of investigation, and has written valuable re- 
ports to the Legislature upon economical subjects. 
As a kind of recognition of his position as a public 
man might be mentioned his election in 1872 as an 
honorary member of the Cobden Club in England. 
The writings of President Anderson have been 
considerable, although never published in a col- 
lected form. They have accompanied and grown 
out of the work and special lines of inquiry in 
which he has been engaged. They are comprised 
for the most part in newspaper editorials, in arti- 
cles for reviews, in discourses and essays on educa- 
tion, religious addresses, papers on social science, 
official reports, and articles for encyclopaedias. 
Many of his editorials possess a permanent literary 
value from their scholarly treatment of subjects 
relating to religion, politics, and education. He 
published, some years ago, a series of articles in 
the Christian Review, the most important of which 
are the following : " The Origin and Political Life 
of the English Race" (1850), ''Language as a 
Means of Classifying Man" (1859), " Sir William 
Hamilton's Lectures" (1860), "Berkeley and His 
Works" (1861), "Growth and Relation of the Sci- 
ences" (1862), and " The Arabian Philosophy" 
(1862). His discourses upon education comprise 
among others his inaugural address on "The Ends 
and Means of a Liberal Education," delivered July 
11, 1854; a paper on the "Study of the Fine 
Arts," published in the Report of the Commis- 
sioner of Education ; a paper on the " Univer- 
sity of the Nineteenth Century," read before 
the National Baptist Educational Convention-, a 
paper on "Voluntaryism in Education," read be- 
fore the University Convocation of the State of 
New York. Among his published religious ad- 
dresses may be mentioned an address delivered in 
Brooklyn in 1874, on the " Laymen of the Baptist 
Church," a speech at the Evangelical Alliance on 
the "Doctrine of Evolution," a paper before the 
same body on the " Right Use of Wealth." The 
most important of his official reports are those 



which he has made as member of the New York 
State Board of Charities, upon " Ont-Door Relief," 
and upon " Alien Paupers," published in the Eighth 
Annual Report (1875), and also a report on the 
condition of the Institution for the Blind at Batavia, 
N. Y. As a further illustration of his economical 
opinions may be noticed a paper read before the 
Social Science Congress at Saratoga, on the " Means 
of Relief from the Burden of Foreign Paupers" 
(1875), as well as a speech delivered at the Adam 
Smith centennial, held in New York (1876). As 
associate editor of Johnson's Cyclopaedia, lie has 
contributed articles to that work on ethnology, 
philosophy, aesthetics, and Baptist Church history. 
All these writings are characterized by rhetorical 
vigor and directness, and by the appropriation of 
a wide range of knowledge for the purpose of 
clearly illustrating and of giving weight and sig- 
nificance to the special subjects treated. 

The most important part of the life and labors 
of President Anderson has been devoted to the 
general cause of education, and to the special in- 
terests of the University of Rochester. His edu- 
cational labors have scarcely been interrupted by 
any cause whatever since his connection with this 
institution. A severe illness in 1877, during which 
his life was despaired of, compelled a temporary 
discontinuance of his duties. But his complete 
recovery has enabled him to resume his former 
position, which he now fills with unabated vigor. 

Anderson, Rev. Robert T., was the son of 

John Anderson, an influential citizen and a zeal- 
ous Baptist. He was born in Caroline Co., Va., 
April 9, 1782, and was educated in the private 
school of Rev. Mr. Nelson. At the age of twenty- 
three he married Patsy Lowry, an accomplished 
Christian woman, and in 1818 he moved to Green 
Co., Ky. Here he found peace in Jesus, and was 
baptized by William Warder in 1821. He was set 
apart to the gospel ministry about the year 1829, 
in Mount Gilead church. The year following he 
moved to Logan Co., Ky. In 1832 he took charge 
of Hopewell church, in Tennessee. At different 
periods he was pastor of Keysburg, Hopkinsville, 
West Union, and some other churches. He was 
an able and laborious minister, and through grace 
accomplished much for the Master. Mr. Anderson 
was a distinguished educator, and was probably 
the first man in the West who attempted to teach 
letters to deaf-mutes. In this he succeeded so well 
that he taught some of his pupils to articulate dis- 
tinctly. He died June 8, 1854. 

Anderson, Thomas D., D.D., was born in Phil- 
adelphia, Pa., June 30, 1819. In his early years his 
parents removed to Washington, D. C, where the 
son received his academic training. He graduated 
at the University of Pennsylvania in 1838, and at 
Newton Theological Seminary in 1841. He was 



AND EU SON 



ANDREWS 



ordained and settled in 1842 as pastor of the First 
Baptist church of Salem, Mass. Settled with this 
old church at the age of twenty-two years, he soon 
won his way into the hearts of the entire com- 
munity. Many useful lives have borne witness to 
the good accomplished during the six years of that 
pastorate. 




THOMAS D. ANDERSON, D.D. 

In June, 1848, he settled with the First Baptist 
church in lloxbury, Mass., remaining nearly four- 
teen yeai-s, during which the congregation largely 
increased, the church erected one of the most beau- 
tiful edifices in the country, and he was instru- 
mental in bringing many to Christ. Constrained 
by his convictions of duty, but sorrowing greatly to 
leave his charge, Dr. Anderson accepted, in Janu- 
ary, 1862, the call extended to him to become the 
pastor of the First Baptist church of New York City. 
In a few years they built the beautiful edifice on 
the corner of Thirty-ninth Street and Park Avenue, 
Avhich was dedicated Oct. 1, 1871. The following 
extract from the letter of a member of the New 
York bar expresses the writer's opinion of the 
pastor of the First church, N. Y. : "Dr. Anderson 
is tall and commanding in appearance, has a mild 
and pleasant expression of face, and his presence, 
whether in or out of the pulpit, is attractive and 
impressive. He is a man of marked purity of char- 
acter and sincerity and earnestness of purpose, an 
accurate thinker, and strong and zealous in his con- 
victions. . . . As a preacher he probably has few 
superiors. He has no difficulty in securing the 
attention of his hearers." Dr. Anderson's illus- 
trations are vivid pictures, which, having once 



been seen, are never effaced from the memory. 
Dr. Anderson has been connected during nearly 
the whole of his ministry with the American Bap- 
tist Missionai'y Union, the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society, and all our denominational insti- 
tutions. He has been a trustee of Newton Theo- 
logical Institute and of Madison University, lie 
has also, in addition to his pastorate, for four years 
administered the presidency of Rutgers Fenmle 
College, in the city of New York. 

A morbid reluctance to appear in print has pi-e- 
vented Dr. Anderson from submitting his w^ritings 
for publication, hence only occasional sermons and 
addresses have been published. Among these are 
"A Funeral Oration on President Zachary Taylor" 
before the city government of Roxbury, and "The 
Election Sermon" before the executive and legis- 
lative departments of the government of Massachu- 
setts. Ilis degree of D.D. was bestowed by Brown 
University in 1859. 

Dr. Anderson resigned his charge in New York 
in the autumn of 1878, and accepted a call to Boston. 
A more devoted Christian or an abler pastor does 
not labor in our denomination. 

Andrews, Rev. Reddin, Jr., A.M., was born 
in Fayette Co., Texas, Jan. 18, 1848. In July, 1863, 




REDDIN ANDREW 



in his fifteenth year, he joined the Confederate 
army, and remained in it two years. In July, 1865, 
he was baptized in the Colorado River by Elder P. 
B. Chandler. He was licensed to preach by Siiiloh 
church in January, 1867. He entered Baylor Uni- 
versity Feb. 4, 1867, and remained there, with some 
interruptions, till June, 1871, when he graduated 



ANDREWS 



37 



ANGUS 



■with distinction. In September, 1871, he entered 
the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Green- 
ville, S. C, where he remained till May, 1873. He 
entered upon the pastorate with bright prospects, 
and discharged its duties with signal success. In 
1875 he became a pi-ofessor in Baylor University. 
At present he is the beloved pastor of Culvert 
church. 

No man in Texas of his age stands higher for 
scholarship, doctrinal soundness, firmness of pur- 
pose, and entire consecration to the gospel ministry. 

Andrews, Newton Lloyd, Ph.D., Professor of 

the Greek Language and Literature in Madison 
University, was born in Fabius, N. Y., in 1841. 
He prepared for college at the public high school 
in Newark, N. J., where his parents then resided. 
In 1858 he became a member of the First Baptist 
church in that city, and the same year entered the 
Freshman class of Madison University. He gradu- 
ated from the university in 1862, and from the 
Hamilton Theological Seminary in 1864. Imme- 
diately after he was appointed principal of the 
Grammar School, then connected with the uni- 
versity. From 1806 to 1868 he was Professor of 
Latin, but in 1808 he was elected to the Greek 
professorship, which department of instruction he 
lias since iield. Hamilton College (Clinton, N. Y.) 
conferred on him the degree of Ph.D. in 1878. 

Angell, Rev. George, was born in Smitbfield, 
R. I., March 24, 1786. In early life he was brought 
in contact with skeptical companions, and at the 
age of twenty-one was a confirmed infidel. It 
pleased God, however, to show him his error, and 
lead him through the deep waters of conviction for 
sin out into ''the liberty wherewith Christ maketh 
free." He was baptized, and joined the First Bap- 
tist church in Providence in May, 1809. Impressed 
that it was his duty to preach the gospel, he applied 
for a license from the church of which he was a 
member, and received their approbation March 7, 
1812, and was ordained as pastor of the Second 
Baptist church in Woodstock, Conn,, Aug. 28, 1813. 
In June, 1816, he removed to Smithbridge, Mass., 
and became pastor of a church which was gathered 
by his efforts and constituted in February, 1817. 
In this relation he was blessed, the church growing 
from year to year in spiritual strength and num- 
bers. Mr. Angell died Feb. 14, 1827. He had a 
warm place in the hearts of his own people and of 
his ministering brethren. 

Angus, Joseph, D.D„ LL.D,, was born in 
Northumberland, England, Jan. 16, 1816. His 
family had been long connected with the Baptist 
congregation in Newcastle, and when quite a youth 
he became a member of the church and gave promise 
of gifts for the ministry. After several years' study 
at the Newcastle gram;iiar school he was sent to 
King's College, London, and thence proceeded to 



Edinburgh University. In 1834 he entered Stepney 
College, London. Subsequently he returned to 
Edinburgh, and took his degree of A.M., obtain- 
ing the first prize in mathematics, in Greek, in 
logic, and in belles-lettres, and the gold medal in 
ethics and political philosophy. He was also the 
successful competitor for the students' prize essay 
of fifty guineas " im the influence of the writings 
of Lord Bacon,'' open to the whole university. 
When he was scarcely twenty-one years of age he 
received a call to the pastorate of tiie New Park 
Street church, London (now the Metropolitan Tab- 
ernacle), to succeed the venerable Dr. Rippen. Dr. 
Angus held the pastorate two years, and in 1840 
accepted the appointment of co-secretary of the 
Baptist Missionary Society with the Rev. W. Dyer, 
on whose death, in 1842, he became .sole secretary. 
While he held the' secretaryship the income of the 
society was largely increased and steadily main- 
tained in its upward tendency. Missions were be- 
gun in Africa, in the West Indies, and on the Eu- 
ropean continent. He also visited the societies 
stationed in the West Indies to complete the ar- 
rangements looking towards the independence of 
the Jamaica churches. In 1850 he was off"ered the 
presidency of Stepney College, and retired from 
the secretaryship of the Missionary Society. Frc m 
that time to the present Dr. Angus has been the 
distinguished head of that institution, now known 
as Regent's Park College, and is one of the most 
eminent public men of the Baptist faith in the 
United Kingdom. His literary labors have been 
abundant. After Dr. Ciialmers's visit to London in 
1838 to deliver a course of lectures in defense of 
church establishments, a prize of one hundred 
guineas was ott'ered for the best essay in answer 
to Dr. Chalmers. The essay of the youthful pas- 
tor of New Park Street obtained the prize, and was 
immediately published under the title of " The Vol- 
untary System." Some years later he delivered a 
series of four lectures on " The Advantages of a 
Classical Education as an Auxiliary to a Commer- 
cial Education." Dr. Angus has been singularly 
successful in writing prize essays and lectures. 
Seldom has he entered the lists without obtaining 
a prize. In 1862 his essay entitled "Christian 
Churches: the noblest form of social life; the 
representatives of Christ on earth ; the dwelling- 
place of the Holy Spirit," obtained the first award 
out of a large number of competitors for the prizes 
offered by the Congregational Union to celebrate 
the bi-centenary of non-conformity in England. 
At a later period a gentleman in the service of the 
government in India invited the publication of a 
small volume on the life of Christ, adapted to mis- 
sionary purposes, and suitable for translation into 
the languages of India. Dr. Angus's book, " Christ 
our Life, in its Origin, Law, and End," obtained the 



APPELEGATE 



ARKANSAS 



prize out of sixty-four essays sent in to the adju- 
dicators. He has been a frequent contributor to 
the periodical literature of the day, and several 
valuable educational works have proceeded from 
his ready pen. Among these may be named " The 
Bible Hand-book," published in 1854 ; " The Hand- 
book of the English Tongue," for students unac- 
quainted with the history of the language and its 
principles of grammar, etc. ; "The Hand-book of 
English Literature," written with a similar aim, 
and carrying the student farther on this valuable 
line of study ; " Specimens of English Literature," 
illustrating the principles of criticism laid down in 
the pi-evious volumes ; also an edition of Bishop 
Butler's Analogy and Sermons. Besides these 
works, which are included in the Eeligious Tract 
Society's publications, Dr. Angus has edited Way- 
land's "Moral Science" and "Life of Judson." 
When the revision of the Scriptures was under- 
taken Dr. Angus was invited to become a member 
of the New Testament Company, and in this great 
public service he has continuously labored to the 
present time. On the passing of the education act 
Dr. Angus was elected on the London school board, 
and was re-elected in 1877. He has also held for 
several years the office of examiner in English lit- 
erature and history in the London University. The 
degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Brown 
University in 1852. From his brethren in England 
he received in 1865 the highest honor they have to 
confer in being chosen president of the Baptist 
Union, when he delivered two addresses which had 
a wide circulation. He enunciated the distinctive 
principles of the body in a clear and striking man- 
ner, and effectively aided the movement towards 
united and aggressive denominational activity. In 
1871 he preached one of the annual sermons before 
the Missionary Society, and by a cogent array of 
statistics demonstrated the practicability of the 
speedy evangelization of the world, so far at least 
as to secure the publication of the gospel to all the 
nations. For his devout spirit, varied accomplish- 
ments, and incessant activity Dr. Angus commands 
the esteem and confidence of Christians of all com- 
munions in the mother-country. 

Appelegate, James L., was born Sept. 3, 1836, 
in Charleston Co., Mo. He was converted May 10, 
1853, and baptized by Elder James H. Tuttlo. lie 
first joined the Keytesville Baptist church, and 
after five years' membership united with the church 
at Brunswick, Mo. In 1875 he transferred his 
membership to the Third Baptist church of St. 
Louis, where he now resides. He is a member of 
the board of William Jewell College, and of the 
General Association of Missouri. Ho is a man 
of intelligence and piety, a great friend of religious 
work. He loves his church and denomination, and 
is a generous contributor to every good cause. 



Appleton, Prof. John Howard, was born in 
Portland, Me., Feb. 3, 1844. He was fitted for 
college in the Providence High School, and gradu- 
ated at Brown University in the class of 1863. In 
1864 he was appointed assistant in the Chemical 
Laboratory of Brown University, and in 1868 the 
"Newport-Rogers Professor of Chemistry." Prof. 
Appleton has published several books on chemis- 
ti-y, viz.: "The Young Chemist," "The Class- 
book of Modern Chemistry," " The Book of Chem- 
ical Reactions." "A Short Course in Qualitative 
Analysis," and " An Introduction to Quantitative 
Analysis." 

Ardis, Rev. Henry Z., a prominent minister 
residing near Homer, La. ; born in South Carolina 
in 1811. After preaching some time in his native 
State he removed to Florida, where he labored effi- 
ciently for twenty-five years. He then went to 
Louisiana in 1871, in which State he has filled 
several prominent pastorates. 

Arkadelphia High School, located at Arkadel- 
phia. Ark., was established by Rev. J. F. Shaw in 
1875. It is under the patronage of the Liberty 
Baptist Association, and is in a flourishing condi- 
tion. During the term which closed June, 1880, 
about 175 pupils were in attendance. 

Arkansas. — One of the States of the American 
Union, lying west of the Mississippi River. Pop. 
484,500. Baptists (estimated), whites, about 45,000 ; 
colored, about 20,000. The sentiments of the Bap- 
tists were first propagated towards the close of the 
last century in the northeastern portion of Arkan- 
sas, which was then a part of the territory of Lou- 
isiana. A few zealous Baptist preachers followed 
the tide of population that flowed into this terri- 
tory from the settlements along the Mississippi 
River in the southeastern part of Missouri. Of 
their labors it must be confessed too little notice 
has been taken, and few records have been pre- 
served. Dr. Benedict, in his .history, says, " Rev. 
David Orr appears to have been the instrument 
in planting a considerable number of the first 
churches of which I have gained any information. 
Cotemporary with Mr. Orr, or perhaps a short 
time before him on this ground, were Benjamin 
Clark, Jesse Jaines, and J. P. Edwards. The first 
church of our order organized in the territory of 
Arkansas was at Fonche <\ Thomas, in Lawrence 
County, towards the close of the last century." 

At the end of twenty years a sufficient number 
of churches had been gathered in the northeastern 
part of the State to organize the White River As- 
sociation, and a few years later two other Associa- 
tions appear in this region. 

The southern part of the State was settled some- 
what later. About 1830, Rev. E. B. Carter was 
operating in Saline County, where he had proba- 
bly been living several years. By his instrumen- 



ARKANSAS 



All MIT AGE 



tality some of the first churches were organized. 
Soon afterwards Isaac C. Perkins settled in Hemp- 
stead County, and gathered a number of churches 
in this and the surrounding counties. In 1836 the 
phurches in South Arkansas were organized into 
an Association called Saline, from the county of 
the same name in which most of the churches 
were located. Soon after these early preachers 
were joined by others, the most distinguished of 
whom was Dr. John Meek, who settled in Union 
County near the Ouachita River. In 1841 the 
anti-mission troubles resulted in the withdrawal 
of a number of churches and ministers, and the 
formation of an Association of the anti-mission 
order. During the next decade many distin- 
guished ministers arose in this region. Among 
those ordained here may be named H. H. Coleman, 
Aaron Yates, J. V. McCoUoch, W. H. Wyatt, R. J. 
Coleman, Dr. John T. Craig, and R. M. Thrasher, 
all of whom have exercised a wide influence in the 
State. In 1845, Dr. F. Courtney settled at Eldo- 
rado, and the year following W. H. Bayless became 
pastor at Tulip, and Judge Rutherford began to 
preach at Camden. In 1847, A. E. Clemmons set- 
tled at Lewisville, and in 1848, Rev. Jesse Hartwell, 
D.D., located at Camden. These were all men of 
great ability, and gave character to the denomina- 
tion in this part of the State. 

Previous to 1844 there was no Baptist church in 
all the region between the Ouachita and Mississippi 
River south of what is now Dallas County. There 
were a few Anti-Mission Baptists who about this 
time gathered a small church. About the same 
time Young R. Royal, a missionary Baptist 
preacher, settled in Drew County, and Uriah H. 
Parker, Joel Toinme, and Robert Pully in Bi-ad- 
ley. By their labors, assisted at a later day by B. 
C. Hyatt, Solomon Gardner, and othei-s, the first 
churches in this region were planted. 

Subsequently, but chiefly since the war, churches 
have been planted in that part of the State lying 
between the Arkansas and Mississippi Rivers, and 
in the northwestern part of the State, but our space 
does not allow of details. The following is a list of 
Associations, with the date of their origin, as far as 
we have been able to ascertain : AVhite River, 1820 ; 
Spring River, 1829; Saline, 1836; Washington, 
1837; Rocky Bayou, 1840; Salem, 1840- Liberty, 
1845 ; St. Francis, 1845 ; Red River, 1848 ; Bar- 
tholomew, 1848; Columbia, 1852; Judson, 1854; 
Pleasant Hill, 1854 ; Friendship ; Pine BluS"; Ca- 
roline ; Little Red River ; Baptist ; Bartonville ; 
Bethel ; Caddo River ; Cadron ; Cane Creek ; Clear 
Creek ; Concord ; Crooked Creek ; Dardanelles ; Fay- 
etteville ; Independence ; Mount Vernon ; Spring 
Town; Mount Zion ; Ouachita Sixth Missionary; 
Springfield ; State Corner ; Union ; Grand Prairie ; 
Antioch District ; First Missionary ; Ouachita. 



Many of the last mentioned are formed by churches 
composed of colored Baptists. 
Arkansas Baptist Banner is published at Jud- 

sonia, the seat of Judson University. After the 
suspension of the Western Baptist in 1879 Mr. 
Joshua Hill started a Baptist paper at Beebe, in 
White County, called The Arkansas Baptist. In a 
little while Mr. Hill sold out to Rev. J. H. Ruber- 
son, who changed the name to Arkansas Baptist 
Banner, and removed it to Judsonia. Mr. Ruber- 
son subsequently sold to James P. Green, by whom 
the paper is still published. 

Arkansas Baptist Convention was organized 
in 1848. Its officers elected in 1879 were Rev. J. 
M. Hart, Eldorado, President ; Rev. J. R. G. Adams, 
Dardanelles, Recording Secretary ; Rev. Benjamin 
Thomas, D.D., Little Rock, Corresponding Secre- 
tary. 

Arkansas Baptist Index is a paper the publi- 
cation of which was begun at Texarkana, Ark., in 
1880, by Rev. J. F. Shaw, in connection with Mrs. 
Viola Jackson, a lady of literary distinction in the 
South. It is a small but ably-conducted sheet, and 
circulates chiefly in the three States upon the 
borders of which the city of Texarkanti is situated. 

Arkansas Baptist, The, a religious newspaper 
devoted to the interests of the Baptist denomina- 
tion in Arkansas, was started at Little Rock, Jan. 
15, 1859. It was edited by Rev. P. S. G. Watson, 
and under his able direction it took rank among 
the first religious journals in the South. It had 
secured a good subscription list and was on the 
way to prosperity at the breaking out of the war, 
when it was compelled to suspend. This took 
place in May, 1861. At the close of the war an 
ineiFectual efi'ort was made to revive it by Rev. N. 
P. More, but after a few issues it was found that 
the unsettled state of the country was very un- 
favorable to the publication of a religious paper, 
the enterprise was abandoned, and the State Con- 
vention adopted as its organ the Memphis Baptist, 
with an Arkansas department, which supplied the 
means of communication. 

Arkansas, Northwestern General Associa- 
tion of, was organized a few years since, and is 
accomplishing a good work. 

Arkansas, Southeastern General Associa- 
tion of, was organized in 1874. The officers 
elected in 1880 were Rev. John T. Craig, Edin- 
l)urg. Moderator ; Rev. J. D. Searcy, Anover, Re- 
cording Secretary. 

Armitagpe, Rev. Thomas, D.D., was bom in 
Yoi-kshire, England, in 1819. He is descended 
from the old and honored family of the Armitages 
of that section of Yorkshire, one of whom, Sir 
John Armitage, of Barnsley, was created a baronet 
by Charles I. in 1640. He lost his father a few years 
since, and his mother when five years old. She was 



AR MIT AGE 



40 



ARMITAGE 



the granddaughter of the Rev. Thomas Barrat, a 
Wesleyan Methodist minister. She had great faith 
in Jesus, and prayed often and confidently for the 
salvation of her oldest son, Thomas. At her death 
she gave him her Bible, her chief treasure, which 
she received as a reward from her teacher in the 
Sunday-school. Her last prayer for him was that 
he might be converted and become a good minister 
of the Saviour. 




REV. THOMAS AH1IIT.\UE, D.D. 

The religious influence of his godly mother never 
forsook hi 111. While listening to a sermon on the 
text, " Is it well with thee?" his sins and danger 
filled him Avith grief and alarm, and before he left 
the sanctuary his heart was filled with the love of 
Christ. 

In his sixteenth year he preached his first ser- 
mon. His text was, "Come unto me all ye that 
labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you 
rest." The truth was blessed to the conversion of 
three persons. He declined pressing calls to enter 
the regular ministry of the English Methodist 
Church, but used his gift^as a local preacher for 
several years. 

Like many Englishmen he imbil)ed republican 
doctrines, atul these brought him in IS38 to ISfew 
York. He received deacon's orders from Bishop 
Waugh, and those of an elder froru Bishop Morris. 
He filled many important appointments in the M. 
E. Church in New York, and when he united with 
the Baptists he was pastor of tlie Washington 
Street church in Albany, one of its most important 
churches, where the Lord had given him a precious 
revival and eighty converts. At this period his 



influence in the M. E. Church was great, and its 
highest honors were before him. When he was 
first examined for Methodist ordination he expressed 
doubts about the church government of the Meth- 
odist body, and about sinless perfection, falling from^ 
grace, and their views of the ordinances ; but he 
was the great-grandson of a Methodist minister, 
his mother was of that communion, and he himself 
had been a preacher in it for years, and his mis- 
givings were regarded as of no moment. In 1839 
he witnessed a baptism in Brooklyn by the Rev. 
S. Ilsley, which made him almost a Baptist, and 
what remained to be done to efi'ect that end was 
accomplished by another baptism in Albany, ad- 
ministered by the Rev. Jabez Swan, of Connecticut. 
An extensive examination of the baptismal ques- 
tion confirmed his faith, and placed him without a 
misgiving upon the Baptist platform in everything. 
Dr. Welsh baptized him into the fellowship of the 
Pearl Street church, Albany. Soon after a council 
was called to give him scriptural ordination. Dr. 
Welsh was moderator; Friend Humphrey, mayor 
of Albany, and Judge Ira Harris were among its 
members. A letter of honorable dismissal from 
the M. E. Church, bearing flattering testimony to 
his talents and usefulness, was read before the 
council, and after the usual examination he was set 
apart to the Christian ministry in the winter of 
1848. He was requested to preach in the Norfolk 
Street church. New York, in the following June. 
The people were charmed with the stranger, and 
so was the sickly pastor, the Rev. George Benedict. 
Ho was called to succeed their honored minister, 
who said to Mr. Armitage, " If you refuse this call 
it will be the most painful act of your life." Mr. 
Benedict never was in the earthly sanctuary again. 
iMr. Armitage accepted the invitation, in his twenty- 
ninth year, July 1, 1848. In 1853-54 140 persons 
were baptized, and in 1857 152, while other years 
had great blessings. 

The first year of his ministry in Norfolk Street 
the meeting-house was burned, and another erected. 
Since that time the church reared a house for God 
ill a more attractive part of the city, which they 
named the " Fifth Avenue Baptist church." The 
property is worth at least $150,000, and it is free 
from debt. The membership of the church is over 
700. In 1853, Mr. Armitage was made a Doctor 
of Divinity by Georgetown College, Ky. He was 
then in his thirty-fourth year. 

At a meeting held in New York, May 27, 1850, 
by friends of the Bible, Dr. Armitage offered reso- 
lutions which were adopted, and upon which the 
Bible Union was organized two weeks later, with 
Dr. S. H. Cone as its president, and W. II. Wyc- 
koff, LL.D., as its secretary. In May, 1856, Dr. 
Armitage became the president of the society. In 
this extremely difficult position he earned the repu- 



[RMSTRONG 



41 



ARNOLD 



tation of being one of the ablest presiding oflBcers 
in our country. The Bible Union reached its 
greatest prosperity while he presided over its af- 
fairs. 

Dr. Armitage is a scholarly man, full of infor- 
mation, with a powerful intellect ; one of the 
greatest preachers in the United States ; regarded 
by many as the foremost man in the American 
pulpit. We do not wonder that he is so frequently 
invited to deliver sermons at ordinations, dedica- 
tions, installations, missionary anniversaries, and 
to college students. As a great teacher in Israel, 
the people love to hear him, and their teachers are 
delighted with the themes and with the herald. 

Seventeen years ago a gentleman wrote of Dr. 
Armitage, " The expression of his face is one of 
mingled intelligence and kindness. As he con- 
verses it is with animation, and his eyes sparkle. 
His manners are easy, graceful, and cordial. He 
fascinates strangers and delights friends. He ap- 
pears before you a polished gentleman, who wins 
his way to your esteem and affection by his exalted 
worth." The description has been confirmed by 
time. 

Armstrong', Andrew, was born near Dublin, 
in Ireland, and studied at Hamilton. He married 
the daughter of Judge Swaim,of Pembei-ton, N. J. 
He has been pastor at Upper Freehold, Lambert- 
ville, Kingwood, Frenchtown, and New Brooklyn, 
where he now ministers. While his preaching is 
edifying to the spiritual body, he has also been 
particularly blessed in leading congregations to 
build meeting-houses and pay for them. He has 
also acted as agent for the State Convention and 
Education Society. 

Armstrong, Rev. George, M.A., was born in 

Ireland, Dec. 5, 1814 ; brought when an infant by 
his parents to St. John's, Newfoundland, where 
they continued till his sixteenth year ; then re- 
moved with them to Sydney, Cape Breton, where, 
three years after, he was converted, and was in 
the following year baptized by Rev. Dr. Crawley. 
Studied at Horton Academy in 1836-38, and grad- 
uated from Acadia College June, 1844 ; ordained at 
Port Medway, Nova Scotia, in 1848 ; was sub- 
sequently pastor at Chester ; became in 1854 pastor 
of the Baptist church, Bridgetown, Nova Scotia, 
and so continued for twenty years ; then was pastor 
at Sydney, Cape Breton, for two years ; was editor 
of the Christian Visitor, St. John's, New Brunswick, 
from January, 1876, for three years ; evangelized 
in Newfoundland in the summer of 1879; and he 
is now pastor of the Baptist church, Kentville, 
Nova Scotia. 

Armstrong, Rev. John.— >Ir. Armstrong was 

born in Philadelphia, Pa.. November. 1798. He 

graduated at Columbian College, D. C, in 1825. 

Some time after he moved to North Carolina, and 

4 



was for five years pastor of the Newberne Baptist 
church. He became a professor in Wake Forest 
College in 1835, and for a time acted as agent of 
the college. He went to Europe in 1837, and spent 
two years in France and Italy, preparing himself 
the better to discharge his duties as teacher. He 
had as his companions in his voyage Dr. E. G. 
Robinson, the distinguished president of Brown 
University, and J. J. Audubon, the great natural- 
ist. In 1841, Mr. Armstrong accepted the pastor- 
ate of the Baptist church in Columbus, Miss., where 
he married a lady of fortune. He died in 1844. 
He is said to have been a fine scholar, a blame- 
less Christian gentleman, and an able and eloquent 
preacher. 

Arnold, Albert Nicholas, D.D., was bom in 
Cranston, R. I., Feb. 12, 1814. While engaged in 
mercantile pursuits in Providence his mind became 




ALBERT NICHOLAS ARNOLD, D.D. 

interested on the subject of preaching the gospel. 
Having decided to enter the ministry, he took the 
full courses of study in Brown University and the 
Newton Theological Institution, graduating from 
the one in 1838, and from the other in 1841. He 
was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in New- 
buryport, Mass., Sept. 14, 1841, and in 1844 re- 
ceived an appointment as a missionary to Greece, 
where he remained ten years. Returning to his 
native land, he was made Professor of Church His- 
tory at Nevs'ton, holding the office for three years. 
For the next six years he was pastor of the Baptist 
church in Westborough, Mass., for five years Pro- 
fessor of Biblical Interpretation and Pastoral The- 
ology in the Hamilton Theological Institution, and 



ARNOLD 



ARNOLD 



for four years Professor of New Testament Greek in 
the Theological Institution in Chicago. He resigned 
in 1878, and for the last few years has had a home 
near Providence, where he has been engaged in 
such literary and other work as the state of his 
health allows him to perform. Dr. Arnold is one 
of the most accomplished scholars in the denomi- 
nation. Probably no man in the country is better 
acquainted with modern Greek than he. 

Arnold, Richard James, was born in Provi- 
dence, R. I., Oct. 5, 1796. He came from an illustri- 
ous ancestry on the side of both father and mother. 
Having graduated at Brown University, in the class 
of 1814, he studied law for a short time in the office 
of the celebrated Hon. Tristam Burgess. Not find- 
ing the study of this profession congenial to his 
tastes, he became a merchant, in connection with 
an elder brother, and was especially interested in 
the China trade. In 1823, having married a lady 
living in the South, he made a home on his planta- 
tion in Georgia, in Bryan County, near Savannah, 
spending his winters there, and his summers in 
Rhode Island. Mr. Arnold took a deep interest in 
the First Baptist church in his native city, where 
he always worshiped when he was at his Provi- 
dence home. He was a trustee of Browii Univer- 
sity for nearly forty-seven years. His death oc- 
curred March 10, 1873. 

Arnold, Hon. Samuel Greene, was born in 

Providence, R. I., April 12, 1821, and was a grad- 
uate of Brown University in the class of 1841. He 
studied law at the Harvard School, where he re- 
ceived the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1845. 
Soon after he went abroad, and spent several years 
in study and travel, visiting first the different 
countries of Europe, and thence passing to Egypt 
and the Holy Land. In 1847 he crossed from 
Europe to South America, where he spent a year, 
chiefly in Chili. He returned to his home in 
1848. He now gave himself to a work which he 
had long meditated, the writing of a history of his 
native State. The first volume of this work ap- 
peared in 1859, and was followed by the second in 
1860. These two volumes comprise the annals of 
the State of Rhode Island from the settlement in 
1636 to the adoption of the Federal Constitution in 
1790. This history, the result of careful study and 
research, and thoroughly imbued with the true 
Rhode Island spirit, at once placed its author in 
the front rank of American historians. Without 
doubt it will always be a standard authority for 
the period which it covers. 

Mr. Arnold took a deep interest in all matters 
affecting the prosperity of the First Baptist church 
in Providence. For twenty-five years he was mod- 
erator of the society. In 1864 he projected a per- 
manent fund of $20,000, the interest of which was 
to be appropriated to pay for the support of public 



worship. He headed the subscription list with a 
contribution of $5000. On the 25th of May, 1875, 
he delivered a discourse commemorative of the one 




^0^ SVMLLL GREENE VRVOI.I). 

hundredth anniversary of the dedication of the 
meeting-house for public worship. In 1852, Mr. 
Arnold was elected lieutenant-governor of the 
State, and again in 1861, and a third time in 1862. 
After his last election he was chosen to fill the un- 
expired term of Hon. James F. Simmons in the 
Senate of the United States, and held office from 
December, 1862, to March 3. 1863. Governor Ar- 
nold died in Providence, Feb. 13, 1880. He will 
be long honored as the Christian scholar, patriot, 
historian, and statesman. 

Arnold, Rev. T. J., born in Hendricks Co., Ind., 
in 1835, moved to Iowa with his parents, Stephen 
and Nancy Arnold ; baptized at Fairview in 1853 ; 
was licensed to preach in 1854. He was educated 
at Mount Vernon Methodist Academy and Pella 
University. While studying he entered the min- 
istry as an evangelist, preaching at various places. 
He was ordained while preaching for the lola and 
Coleridge churches. At Martinsburg was married 
to Miss J. Smith, in 1860, who proved herself a 
faithful and devoted Christian wife. In 1875 he 
moved to California; was pastor one year at- Santa 
Clara, two years at Reno and Virginia City, Nev., 
and in 1879 he returned to California, and preached 
as evangelist or pastor at Vallejo and Yountville, 
precious revivals attending his labors in almost 
every place. He has baptized about 400, and led 
many others to Christ, who have been baptized by 
the pastors whom he has assisted in revival meetings. 



ARRACAX 



43 



ARRACAX 



Arracan, Mission to. — Arracan is a division 
of British Burinah. It is bounded on the north by 
the Bengal district of Chittagong, on the east by 
the Yuinadoung Mountains, which separate it from 
independent Buriiiah and the British district of. 
Pegu, and on the south and west by the Bay of 
Bengal. The population in 1871 was near half a 
million, made up of Buddhists, Mohammedans, 
Hindoos, and a few Christians. Its principal town 
is Akyab. In the province there are four districts, 
Akyab, Ramree, Sandoway, and Aeng. The at- 
tention of the Missionary Union was turned towards 
Arracan as far back as 1835, when Mr. and Mrs. 
Comstock were appointed by the board to begin a 
mission at some suitable place on the coast of Ar- 
racan. The station selected by Mr. Comstock was 
in the Ramree district, at the north point of Ram- 
ree Island. Its name was Kyouk Phyoo, and the 
place contained about 2000 natives, besides English 
residents, troops, etc. Mr. Comstock commenced 
his work in this village early in March, 1835. 
Three months' labor began to show some fruit, and 
a spirit of inquiry was awakened among the people 
about the new religion. The next year Mr. and 
Mrs. Ingalls joined Mr. Comstock, and new energy 
was given to the enterprise. During one of the 
excursions of Mr. Comstock in the mountainous 
districts he met with the Kyens, a branch of the 
Karens, who seemed ready to welcome the good 
tidings of salvation which were brought to them. 
In the spring of 1837 another reinforcement was 
made to the mission by the arrival of Mr. and Mrs. 
Hall. Their connection with the mission was of 
but brief duration, both of them dying within a 
few months of the commencement of their work. 
The station at Kyouk Phyoo was abandoned in 
November of this year on account of its insalubrity, 
and a new station at Ramree was occupied by 
Messrs. Comstock and Stilson in the spring of 1838. 
The town in which they had made their residence 
contained a population of 10,000 inhabitants. A 
church was formed the 29th of May, and a school 
commenced by Mrs. Comstock. 

Messrs. Kincaid and Abbott began another Ar- 
racanese station at Akyab in the spring of 1840. 
It was not long before interesting inquirers ap- 
peared, and in May three persons were baptized. 
The following*"August. 30 persons professed their 
faith in Christ. The report was that " the pros- 
pects of the mission were good ; a mission house and 
premises had been purchased, and Mr. Kincaid, 
though his heart was still turned to Ava, was con- 
tent to abide in Arracan, according as the spirit of 
God might be." In 1841 there was an additional 
station commenced at Sandoway. under the charge of 
Mr. Abbott, who reported 193 baptisms for the year, 
and in the three stations there were 4 missionaries, 
4 female assistants, and 27 native helpers. 



One hundred and fifty miles south of Akyab there 
lives a tribe called the Kemees. From the chief of 
this tribe, Chetea. there came early in May, 1841, a 
message to the mission, entreating that the mission- 
aries would teach them about the true God, and give 
them his holy book. In the following December a 
similar message was sent, and Mr. Kincaid, ac- 
companied by Mr. Stilson, decided to visit the 
Kemees. The visit was made, and good seed was 
sown. Various changes took place in the Arracan 
stations during the next two or three years. Mi-s. 
Comstock died April 28, 1843, and Mr. Comstock, 
April 25, 1844. The Karen department, under the 
special charge of Mr. Abbott, was greatly prospered. 
During the year 1844, 2039 Karens were brought 
by baptism into connection with the churches of 
the Arracan missions. Mr. and Mrs. Ingalls ar- 
rived at Akyab in the spring of 1846. At the close 
of this year there were 29 out-stations, and 3240 
members in the churches in Akyab and these out- 
stations. Mr. Abbott, worn down with disease and 
care, returned to his native land in the fall of 1845. 
He remained in the United States a little over two 
years, and then returned to Sadoway, to have the 
supervision of the Karen department. Mr. Moore 
became connected with the Ramree stations in the 
spring of 1848. Mr. Beecher and Mr. Tan Meter 
were apppointed to the Sandoway station. In the 
churches in this station and its out-stations there 
was reported at the close of 1848 a membership of 
4500, and 5124 unbaptized Christians, "who have 
maintained as religious a life in all respects as 
the members of the churches, only they were 
not baptized." The Karen department of the San- 
doway mission was removed to Bassan, and its con- 
nection with the Arracan mission ceased. The 
station at Kyouk Phyoo was resumed in November, 
1850. Mr. Rose joined the mission at Akyab in 1853. 
The deputation to the East, Rev. Drs. Peck and 
Granger, visited early in the year 1853 the stations in 
Arracan, reported that the mission showed signs of 
prosperity, and the Convention which met at Maul- 
main recommended that, at once, these men be sent 
to reinforce the mission. For a few years, however^ 
there was but little apparent success in Arracan. 
The missionaries were removed by death, or by as- 
signment to other fields of labor. Mr. Satterlee 
arrived in Arracan in September, 1855, and died the 
following July. The executive committee, in their 
annual report in 1857, say, " In view not only of the 
unhealtliiness of the Arracan climate, but also of 
the demand for labor in Burmah proper and else- 
where, and of the diminished supply, we respect- 
fully suggest that the mission be brought to a 
close." The suggestion was carried out. and a 
mission which at one time was so hopeful, and for 
which so many valuable lives had been sacrificed, 
ceased to exist. 



ARROWSMITH 



44 



ASHMORE 



Arrowsmith, Col. George, was born in Middle- 
town, N. J., in 1839. He graduated at Madison 
University at the age of twenty, and became tutor 
in the Grammar School. In 18G1 he went to the 
war as captain of a company. He rose to be lieu- 
tenant-colonel in 157th Regiment, N. Y. Vols., and 
was killed on the Gettysburg battle-field, July 1, 
1863. He was a brave man, and gave promise of 
excelling in his profession. 

Arvine, Rev. Kazlitt, was born in Western 
New York in 1820. He was a graduate of the 
"Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn., and of 
the Newton Theological Institution. In 1845 he 
was ordained pastor of the church in Woonsocket, 
R. I., where he remained two years, and then re- 
moved to New York to take charge of what was 
known as the " Providence" church. His connec- 
tion with this church continued but a few months, 
on account of failing health. Respite from minis- 
terial labor so far restored him that he accepted a 
call to become pastor of the church in WestBoylston, 
Mass. Here he continued until his removal to 
Worcester, to avail himself of medical treatment for 
the disease which finally caused his death. This 
event took place at Worcester, July 15, 1851. Mr. 
Arvine is best known as the compiler of the " Cy- 
clopaedia of Moral and Religious Anecdotes," a 
work which has obtained a flattering circulation. 
A volume of his poetical productions was also pub- 
lished, which was well received. He was a man of 
refined and scholarly parts, and his comparatively 
short life was not spent in vain. 

Ash, John, LL.D., was a native of Dorsetshire, 
England. Early in life he was drawn to the Sa- 
Tiour, after which he united by baptism with the' 
«hurch at Loughwood, near Lyme. He was edu- 
cated at Bristol College, in which he made remark- 
4ible progress in learning. In 1751 he became 
pastor of the church at Pershore. In his youth 
lie was distinguished for his mathematical attain- 
ments, for which he was commended in the peri- 
•odicals of the day. Ivimey says that "his philolog- 
ical works, his elaborate grammar, and dictionary 
are universally known and highly prized." The 
learning which marked his writings secured for 
him in 1774 the degree of Doctor of Laws. His 
religious opinions were Paul's, without any human 
additions. He lived honored for his great abilities 
and learning, and he died in the full enjoyment 
of the peace of God in 1779. 

Asher, Rev. Jeremiah, was born in North 

Branford, Conn., Oct. 13, 1812. Ruel Asher, his 
father, was born in the same place. Gad Asher, 
his grandfather, was a native of Africa, from which 
he was stolen when about four years of age, and 
brought to East Guilford, now Madison, Conn., and 
there sold to Linus Bishop, who gave him his bib- 
lical name. 



Mr. Asher was licensed to pi-each by the First 
Baptist church of Hartford, Conn., and he became 
pastor of a church in Providence, R. I., soon after, 
where he labored with much acceptance. Subse- 
quently he became pastor of the Shiloh Baptist 
church of Philadelphia. In this field his talents and 
labors were highly appreciated, and he speedily se- 
cured the respect of a numerous circle of friends. 
Finding that his church was heavily burdened with 
debt, he sailed for England to secure funds for its 
extinction. He carried credentials with him from 
leading Baptist ministers of the city of Brotherly 
Love, attested by the mayor, and he was received 
with kind greetings and considerable gifts by the 
British churches. 

After his return he entered upon his pastoral 
labors with renewed vigor, and he had the happi- 
ness of seeing the Shiloh church increasing its 
numbers and growing in the grace of our Lord 
Jesus Christ. For a time he was a chaplain to a 
colored regiment in the army. He died in the en- 
joyment of a blessed hope. 

Mr. Asher was a clear thinker, an able gospel 
preacher, a Christian of undoubted piety, and a 
minister widely known and highly respected by 
Baptists iind by other Christians of both races. 

Ashley, Rev. William W., was born in HiUs- 

boi'ough, N. C, in 1793. His early studies were in- 
terrupted in consequence of his entering into mili- 
tary service in 1814. He was in Mobile when the 
battle of New Orleans was fought. He became a 
subject of converting grace in the fall of 1815, and 
united with a Free-Will Baptist church. He was set 
apart to the work of the ministry in 1817, and for 
sometime itinerated as an evangelist in the Southern 
and Southwestern States. He was in Nova Scotia 
in 1821, laboring with great zeal and energy. He 
was settled as a Free-Will Baptist minister in sev- 
eral places, but in the later years of his life, his 
views becoming Calvinistic, he connected himself 
with the regular Baptists, and was pastor of 
churches in Barnstable and Harwich, Mass. Mr. 
Ashley was a warm advocate of temperance. In 
the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia 
he established or assisted in organizing over 300 
temperance societies. At the time of his death 
two of his brothers and five of his sons were in the 
Baptist ministry. He died at Soilth Gardiner, 
Mass., June 6, 1860. 

Ashmore, William, D.D., was born in Putnam, 
0., Dec. 25, 1821. He was a graduate of Gran- 
ville College, and of the Covington Theological 
Institution. In 1848 he was ordained pastor of 
the Baptist church at Hamilton, 0. The following 
year he received an appointment as a missionary 
to the foreign field, and sailed from New York 
Aug. 17, 1850, for China, arriving at Hong-Kong 
Jan. 4, 1851, and at Bangkok, April 14, 1851. He 



ASHTON 



ASSAM 



applied himself with conscientious diligence to the 
acquisition of the Chinese language, and was soon 
able to come into closer contact with the people. 
Excursions were made to the adjacent villages and 
out-stations selected for occupancy. Mr. Ashmore 
labored from house to house, conversing with the 
inmates, distributing tracts, and in such ways as 
his wisdom dictated sought to bring home the 
truth to the hearts and consciences of the people^ 
In this kind of work, quiet and unostentatious, the 
faithful missionary labored on for several years. 
The health of Mrs. Ashmore made it necessary that 
her husband and herself should leave Bangkok for 
a season. The hope that the change would benefit 
her was doomed to be disappointed. She died at 
sea, off the Cape of Good Hope, May 19, 1858. A 
lady of rare qualities of mind and heart, her death 
was a sad loss to her bereaved husband. The Jan- 
uary previous to her death Dr. Ashmore had been 
transferred to ITong-Kong, which, for some time, 
continued to be the scene of his missionary toils. 
It was his purpose to have gone to Swatow, to la- 
bor among the Chinese in the Tie Chiu district, but 
his health was so poor that he was compelled to 
abandon his purpose and return to his native land, 
which he reached in the suinni'^r of 1860. In the 
month of July, 1864, he returned to China, accom- 
panied by his second wife, the youngest daughter 
of Judge Dunlevy, of Lebanon, 0. Another lo- 
cality having been better suited to missionary pur- 
poses than Swatow, Dr. Ashmore and the other 
missionaries removed to Kak-Chie, not far from 
their former residence. Several out-stations were 
under his charge, and the work progressed success- 
fully, taking into consideration all the circumstances 
under which it was done. The number of church 
members under the watch-care of Dr. Ashmore in 
1870 was 142. He reports for the nest year 40 
persons baptized, and fur the next, 42. In 1875, 
Dr. and Mrs. Ashmore returned to the United 
States on account of the poor health of Mrs. Ash- 
more. On their return-trip they reached Swatow 
about the 1st of December, 1877, " very much to the 
relief and gratification of the other missionary." 
Under date of April, 1878, Dr. Ashmore writes a 
hopeful letter, as he sums up what has been ac- 
complished within the past dozen years, and adiis, 
"We have had some 20 applicants for baptism. 
12 of these were baptized." The latest intelligence 
from him was under date of July 15, when at the 
monthly church-meeting there wei'e 15 or 16 can- 
didates for baptism. That the life of so valuable a 
missionary as Dr. Ashmore may be spared we may 
earnestly pray. 

Ashton, Rev. William E., was born in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., May 18, 1793. At the age of ten he 
first became interested in the salvation of his soul. 
At sixteen he was baptized into the fellowship of the 



Second Baptist church of his native city. He 
studied under Dr. Staughton, and in his twenty- 
second year he was ordained pastor of the Baptist 
church of Hopewell, N. J. He afterwards served 
the chui'ch of Blockley, Philadelphia, as pastor, 
and then the Third church, Philadelphia, in which 
he labored till his death. Mr. Ashton was a ripe 
scholar, and possessed that polislied ease and cul- 
ture which made him welcome in any social circle. 
His talents otherwise were respectable, and his 
piety was felt and seen by all who knew him. He 
was a useful minister of the Lord Jesus, whom his 
denominational brethren delighted to honor, and 
other Christians highly esteemed. Princeton Col- 
lege in 1830 gave him the degree of Master of 
Arts. 

Assam, Mission to. — On the northwestern fron- 
tier of Burmah lies the country of Assam, stretch- 
ing across the plains of the Brahmaputra, from 70 
to 100 miles in breadth, and extending on the north- 
east to the very borders of China. Many races in- 
habit this large territory. Tiie inhabitants are 
known by the general name of Shans, which word 
by changes of the language has become Assam. 
Since 182G the country has been under British rule. 
The conclusion to commence a mission in Assam 
was reached in 1835, and Messrs. Brown and Cutter 
were sent to Sodiya, in the northeastern part of 
the country. Messrs. Thomas and Bronson joined 
them July 17, 1836. The missionaries entered 
upon their work with great zeal. The language 
Avas learned and reduced to printing, Roman letters 
being used ; tracts were prepared, and portions 
of the New Testament published and freely circu- 
lated. There are now several stations in Assam, 
of which we give a brief sketch. 

1 . Gowahati. A church was formed in this place 
in February, 1845. Rev. Mr. Danforth arrived there 
in May, 1848, and having acquired the language 
began at once a career of great usefulness. Schools 
were established, buildings were erected, hopeful 
conversions took place, and the church was enlarged. 
Mr. Danforth made extensive tours into the adjacent 
regions, and by means of tracts and religious books, 
as well as with the living voice, he reached large 
numbers of the people, and much good seed was 
sown. The liberality of the English residents in 
Gowahati furnished the means for the erection of 
a pleasant chapel, 65 feet by 25, which was dedicated 
the first Sabbath in February, 1853. For many 
years the mission at Gowahati was in a very de- 
pressed condition. Under the labors of Mr. Comfort 
and his assistants there has been steady progress 
from year to year. Mr. Comfort's efforts among 
the Garos have been especially blessed. His 
health failing. Dr. Bronson removed to Gowahati in 
1874. The work seemed to receive a new impulse, 
and in the report of the executive committee for 



ASSAM 



46 



ASSOCIATIONS 



1875 we find 28 baptisms recorded, and 102 church 
members; and the next year 111 baptisms, and the 
following year 148. At this time, 1880, the number 
of baptisms last reported was 118, and the church 
membership 378. 

2. Gowalapara is the English civil and. military 
station for the district in which the Garos live ; it 
is situated on the south bank of the Brahmaputra. 
From this Assamese station the missionaries go 
forth to preach the gospel to the Garos, who live 
among the hills on the south of the river. In the 
spring of 1807, Dr. Bronson visited this interest- 
ing people and baptized 26 of them, and formed 
them into a church. Mr. Stoddard and his family 
were stationed at Gowalapara in the fall of 1867. 
In the spring of 1868 he and Dr. Bronson made a 
five weeks' tour among the Garos, preaching, bap- 
tizing, establishing schools, etc. They returned to 
Gowalapara greatly encouraged by what they had 
seen of the good work of the Lord among the 
Garos. So much interested were the English au- 
thorities in the success of the missionaries that they 
cheerfully granted them pecuniary aid in carrying 
on the schools. The increasing labors of the mis- 
sionaries called for reinforcements, and the appeal 
was responded to. Others have gone to this most 
promising field, and have been greatly encouraged 
in their work. From the last report we learn that 
there are nine churches in the district of which 
Gowalapara is the centre, and in these churches 
there are 704 members. 

3. Nowgong. This place was made a station in 
1841. Dr. Bronson establisiied an orphan institu- 
tion in 1843 in Nowgong, which accomplished great 
good, not only in promoting the temporal welfare of 
the children gathered within its walls, but in the 
conversion of many of them. In 1856 this insti- 
tution took on somewhat the character of a 'pre- 
paratory and normal school. In consequence of 
the smallness of the appropriations for its sup- 
port and the fewness of its pupils it was thought 
best to suspend it in 1857. Various circumstances 
transpired to weaken and almost destroy the station 
at Nowgong. For several years but little progress 
was made. The efi'orts of the missionaries among 
the Mikirs were fruitful for good. Dr. Bronson 
after laboring faithfully for many years returned 
to the United States in 1869, and the station was 
placed in the charge of Rev. E. P. Scott and his wife. 
Mr. Scott died in May, 1870. Dr. Bronson returned 
to Nowgong early in 1871, and with invigorated 
health resumed his work, employing himself in the 
Assamese department, and Rev. Mr. Neighbor, 
who had joined him, in the Mikir department. 
Dr. Bronson removed to Gowahati in 1875. At 
present there is one church with 106 members. 

4. Sibsagor. The Sibsagor station was com- 
menced in 1841. It has been the headquarters 



from which excursions have been made to the Naga 
hills, where successful evangelical work has been 
done. The lamented Dr. "Ward and his wife de- 
serve honorable mention in connection with this 
station. There was reported in May last one 
church with 126 members. 

The mission in Assam has on the whole been a 
successful one, especially in its connection with tiie 
Garos. We may confidently look for large results 
in the future in this mission. 

Associations, Baptist. — According to Dr. Un- 
derbill an association or general assembly of the' 
churches in Somersetshire and the adjacent coun- 
ties, in England, was formed about 1653, several 
meetings of which were held during succeeding 
years at Wells, Tiverton, and Bridgewater. Others 
are under the impression that regular Associations 
were instituted at a later period, and that they 
sprung from the inconvenience of meeting in larger 
bodies than those gathered in Somersetshire. The 
first general assembly, representing the nation, met 
in London in September, 1689 ; it was composed 
of delegates from more than a hundred churches 
scattered over England and Wales ; it gave its 
sanction to the celebrated creed now known with 
additions as the Philadelphia Confession of Faith. 
This convention disclaimed all "power to prescribe 
or impose anything upon the faith or practice of 
any of the churches of Christ," even though they 
were represented in the assembly ; and they further 
resolved " that whatever is determined by us in 
any case shall not be binding upon any one church 
till the consent of that church be first had." In 
it every motion about " counsel or advice had to 
be proved out of the Word of God, and the Scrip- 
tures given with the fraternal counsels." The 
messengers composing the assembly brought let- 
ters fron\ the churches commending them to it. 
Its " breviats" or minutes were " transcribed," and 
a copy sent to every church. The assembly, at a 
time when traveling was expensive and dangerous, 
was found to be inconvenient, and Associations, 
with exactly the same aims and powers, took the 
place of the larger body. This is Crosby's account. 
Ivimey states that one Association of west of Eng- 
land Baptist Churches met in Bristol and another 
in Frome in 1692. These were probably the first 
regular Baptist Associations of modern times. 

The Philadelphia Association was formally es- 
tablished in 1707, and it has lived and flourished 
ever since. Dr. Samuel Jones, in his "Century 
Sermon," published in the volume of "Minutes 
from 1707 to 1807," informs us that this body orig- 
inated in what were " called general and sometimes 
yearly meetings." These meetings were com- 
menced in 1688, and in many of their features 
they appear to have been Associations. But in 
1707 they had regular delegates from Lower Dub- 



ASSOCIATIONS 



ATLANTA 



lin, Middletown, Cohansie, Piscataqua, and Welsh 
Tract, the five churches composing the Association ; 
and their meetings instead of being almost exclu- 
sively devotional, became assemblies for worship 
and for the transaction of considerable business 
for their churches. We have now 1005 Associations 
in the United States. 

Associations, The Oldest American Baptist. 
— The Philadelphia Association, 1707. 

The Charleston Association, South Carolina, 
1751. 

The Sandy Creek Association, North Carolina, 
1700. 

The Kehukee Association, North Carolina, 1765. 

The Ketocton Association. Virginia, 1766. 

The Warren Association, Rhode Island, 1767. 

The Stonington Association, Connecticut, 1772. 

The Red Stone Association, Pennsylvania, 1776. 

The New Hampshire Association, New Hamp- 
shire, 1776. 

The Shaftesbury Association, Vermont, 1781. 

The Woodstock Association, Vermont, 1783. 

The Georgia Association, Georgia, 1784. 

The Holston Association, Tennessee, 1786. 

The Bowdoinham Association, Maine, 1787. 

The Vermont Association, Vermont, 1787. 

Atkinson, Rev. Wm. D., was born in Greene Co., 
S. C, Nov. 17, 1818. He died Oct. 17, 1879. His 



moved to Georgia and settled in Greene County. 
Wm. D. Atkinson, after four years of academical 
preparation, entered Mercer University in 1844 and 
graduated in 1848. He had been converted and 
baptized in the fall of J 839, was licensed by Shiloh 
church soon after graduation, and was ordained in 
Monticello, Ga., in September, 1848. For thirty 
years he served various churches in Monroe, Jasper, 
Harris, Greene, Glynn, Pierce, and Tatnall Coun- 
ties. He was an industrious, energetic, and sym- 
pathizing pastor, and an earnest, forcible, and sen- 
sible speaker, wielding great influence over his 
audiences. His piety was most sincere, and in 
labors he was truly abundant. He taught school 
frequently, and was a successful instructor, and as 
an advocate of the temperance cause he was earnest 
and uncompromising. That he baptized more than 
a thousand persons proves his success as a pastor. 
He turned many to righteousness. In erecting 
houses of worship, in building up weak churches, 
and in enlisting the pious endeavors of church 
members he proved himself a master-workman. 
Above medium size, he was also large in heart and 
soul. His death produced a profound sensation in 
Southern Georgia, where he was laboring at the 
time, and all classes and persuasions united in per- 
forming the last sad duties to his remains, exclaim- 
ing, " His place can never be filled !" 




ATLANTA THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 



paternal grandfather was a North Carolinian, who I Atlanta Theological Seminary. — This semi- 
fought in the Revolutionary war, and at its close ' nary, for the education of colored Baptist ministers 



ATONEMENT 



48 



AT WELL 



in Georgia, is sustained chiefly by the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society, whose headquar- 
ters are in New York. The building is very 
neat and appropriate. This seminary has been in 
existence eight years. It was located for a time in 
Augusta, under the name of the " Augusta Insti- 
tute." It has given instruction to 296 students, 
of whom 187 were ministers, or candidates for the 
ministry. It contains now 100 students, 60 of 
whom are preparing for the pulpit. 

Atonement, The. — The atonement is a transfer 
of our guilt to Jesus. This doctrine is strikingly 
foreshadowed by the Jewish scapegoat. Of it 
Moses says, " And Aaron shall lay both his hands 
upon the head of the live goat, and confess over 
him all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and 
all their transgressions in all their sins, putting 
them upon the head of the goat, and shall send 
him away by the hand of a fit man into the wilder- 
ness ; and the goat shall bear upon him all their 
ini(juities unto a land not inhabited ; and he shall 
let go the goat in the wilderness." Lev. xvi. 21, 
22. The blond of the goat was not spilled, no blow 
was inflicted upon it; but the sins of the children 
of Israel were typically placed upon it to prefigure 
the transfer of our sins to the Son of God. In the 
case of the scapegoat the transfer was figurative, 
in the Saviour's it was literal. " He was numbered 
with the transgressors, and he bare the sin of 
many." Isa. liii. 12. '' The Lord hath laid on 
him the iniquity of us all." Isa. liii. 6. " For 
he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no 
sin ; that we might be made the righteousness of 
God in him." 2 Cor. v. 21. Paul shows that he 
means the actual transfer of our guilt to Christ by 
saying, " Who knew no sin," — that is, of his own ; 
he was made sin, he says, by reckoning our sins to 
him, not by any sins which he committed. The 
word translated sin cannot mean a sin-offering in 
this text, for it is contrasted with righteousness. If 
the one is a sin-offering the other must be a right- 
eousness-offering ; but the word translated right- 
eousness has no such meaning. And sin, not a 
sin-offering, must be the sense of the word in this con- 
nection. This is the common use of the word else- 
where. Men may put forth as many philosofihical 
pleas as their ingenuity can furnish, but according 
to Paul the sins of the whole saved family were 
reckoned to — transferred to Jesus. 

The atonement is a transfer of our pains to Jesus. 
The entire sufferings demanded by onr sins were 
inflicted upon the Saviour. Isaiah liii. 5, says, "He 
was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised 
for our iniquities ; the chastisement of our peace 
was upon him ; and with his stripes we are healed." 
Here he suffers the innocent for the guilty; he 
takes our wounds, our bruises, and the chastise- 
ment of our peace ; and his stripes give perfect 



healing to the soul ; " the blood of Jesus Christ, 
God's Son, shed by the transferred pains of the 
believing family, cleanses us from all sin." Christ 
lived and died as the proper substitute of his peo- 
ple ; so that his acts were theirs, and all his pains. 
This doctrine is foreshadowed by the death of the 
paschal lamb, and all the sacrifices of the law of 
Moses; and it is presented in all its fullness by the 
dread scenes of Calvary. As Peter says in his 
First Epistle, iii. 18, " For Christ also hath once 
suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he 
might bring us to God." The believer has lost his 
sins and pains eternally in the death of his loving 
Lord. 

The design of the atonement was to satisfy the 
mercy of God. The heart of God is a fountain of 
love continually overflowing, and nothing can keep 
in its bursting streams. To gratify this irresistible 
affection of Jehovah Jesus became a man and en- 
dured our pains, and our death ; and now " God is 
in Christ reconciling the world unto himself not 
imputing their trespasses unto them." He is busy 
by his Spirit removing the blind hatred to himself 
of human hearts, that his love in the crucified 
Lamb might bring multitudes to trust and love 
him. 

The atonement was also intended to meet the de- 
mands of Gud's law. It complies with these per- 
fectly. In the obedience and death of Christ the 
precepts of the law have been fulfilled and its pen- 
alties have been endured, and he is " the end of the 
law for righteousness to every one that believeth." 
Rom. X. 4. That is, he is its completion, its fidfill- 
ment; and when a soul trusts the Saviour the law 
justifies him and gives him the righteousness which 
Christ acquired when he obeyed its precepts and 
suffered its penalties. " Even the righteousness of 
God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and 
upon all them that believe." Rom. iii. 22. More- 
over, the law demanded for God supreme love from 
men, and a iioly life. And when the Spirit changes 
a human heart, and gives the faith which secures 
the forgiveness of God in the soul, the happy re- 
cipient is melted in adoring gratitude before the 
Redeemer, and his heart looks up to God while it 
says, "Whom have I in heaven but thee? And 
there is none upon earth that I desire besides thee." 
And the spirit of grace leads him into the holy 
dispositions and practices enjoined by the pure law 
of Jehovah. 

The atonement transfers our sins and pains to 
Christ our substitute, and by faith in Jesus it opens 
up to the soul a channel through which God's par- 
doning love may reach and rejoice it, and by which 
the Spirit's sanctifying grace may purify the heart, 
and fit it for the everlasting rest. 

Atwell, Rev. George Benjamin, son of Rev. 
George and Esther (Rogers) Atwell; born in Lyme, 



AUGUSTA 



49 



Conn., July 9, 1793; his mother was a sister of 
Rev. Peter Rogers, of Revolutionary fame; his 
father a worthy preacher of his time ; converted 
wlien nine years old ; licensed to preach by the 
Second Baptist church in Colchester, Conn., in 
1820 ; ordained in Longmeadow, Mass., in 1822, 
the first Baptist minister in the place; pastor in 
West Woodstock, Conn., ten years ; in Cromwell 
one year ; in Meriden two years ; in Canton ten 
years; in Pleasant Valley twelve years; was dis- 
tinguished for his originality of expression, purity 
of life, nobleness of character, and fidelity to his 
calling ; died in Pleasant Valley, April 23, 1879, 
in his eighty-sixth year. A record of his worthy 
life has been given to the pul)lic in a volume of 
"Memorial Sketches,"' by his daughter, Harriet G. 
Atwell. 

Augusta, Ga., First Baptist Church of.— The 
First Baptist church in Augusta originated thus, 
to quote from the earliest church record: "In the 
year 1817, Jesse D. Green, a layman, was active in 
gathering together the few scattered Baptists in 
Augusta, and, after holding one or more prelimi- 
nary meetings, the brethren and sisters, to the num- 
ber of eighteen, had drawn up and adopted a cov- 
enant, to which they affixed their names." This 
was styled " The Baptist Praying Society." On 
the fourth Saturday and Sunday in May, 1817, the 
society assembled in the court-house, and were 
regularly constituted, by the advice and assistance 
of brethren Abraham Marshall, Matthews, Car- 
son, and Antony. Brother Matthews preached 
from Matt. xvi. 18. At the various meetings of 
1818, and during the early part of 1819, Rev. 
Abraham Marshall acted as pastor. Subsequently, 
by his advice, Rev. Jesse Mercer was elected pas- 
tor, but declined to accept. In 1820, Rev. Wm. T. 
Brantly was chosen to the pastoral office, and con- 
sented to serve without any pecuniary consideration 
for his services, and, by permission of the trustees, 
services were held twice every Lord's day in the 
chapel of the academy, of which Dr. Brantly was 
rector. Through his exertions a lot was secured, 
and a brick house which cost $20,000 was built and 
dedicated May 6, 1821. A large congregation was 
soon collected. Dr. Brantly's labors were greatly 
blessed, many conversions followed, and members 
were added, embracing in some instances men and 
women of prominence and wealth ; and when Dr. 
Brantly resigned, in 1826, the church was able to 
give his successor a comfortable support. Perhaps 
the church owes more to Dr. Wm. T. Brantly, Sr., 
than to any other man. Since his time it has gone 
steadily forward, increasing in strength and use- 
fulness, sending out four colonies, and aiding all 
the grand enterprises sustained by the denomina- 
tion. The list of pastors embraces the following: 
Rev. James Shannon, from 1826 to 1829, a distin- 



guished scholar, under whose labors the church was 
prospered ; Rev. C. D. Mallory, from 1829 to 1835. 
Earnest in godliness, he was a great blessing to the 
church. Rev. AV. J. Hard succeeded, and labored 
faithfully until 1839. In the autumn of 1840, Rev. 
AVm. T. Brantly, the younger, took charge, and 
continued in office eight years. During his term 
of office several precious revivals occurred, and 
m.uch good fruit resulted to bless the church. It 
was found necessary to enlarge the house in 1846 
to accommodate the congregation. The belfry then 
erected contains the bell, a present from Wm. II. 
Turpin, for more than forty years a devoted friend 
and member of the church. Brief pastorates then 
ensued of Rev. N. G. Foster and Rev. C. B. Jan- 
nett. Dr. J. G. Binney was pastor from 1852 to 
1855, when he resumed missionary work in Bur- 
mah. During his ministry twenty feet more were 
added to the rear of the building. Rev. J. E. 
Ryerson, a most eloquent man, followed, serving 
until 1860. Dr. A. J. Huntington then became 
pastor, and continued in charge until the summer 
of 18G5. Rev. J. H. Cuthbert was his successor, 
under whose earnest ministry the church was re- 
vived, and some valuable additions made to the 
membership. The next pastor was Rev. James 
Dixon, who served until 1874; then Dr. M. B. 
Wharton took charge and labored one year very 
successfully. By his advice, and under his super- 
intendence, a chapel or lecture-room, which is with- 
out a superior in the State, was added to the build- 
ing. Dr. Wharton was succeeded by Rev. W. W. 
Landrum, who has been in charge since Feb. 18, 
1876. This church is perhaps the second Baptist 
church in the State as regards the influence, wealth, 
and the social position of its members, coming next 
after the Second Baptist church of Atlanta. Its 
building, in which the Southern Baptist Convention 
was organized in 1845, though not architecturally 
beautiful and commanding, is capacious and com- 
fortable. With one exception it is the largest Prot- 
estant audience-room in the city. Its location is 
central, and now, as when first selected, on one of 
the most eligible lots in the city. 

Austin, Rev. Richard H., born in Uniontown, 
Pa., Oct. 19, 1831, was converted in early life, and 
united with the Methodist Church ; graduated in 
the Law Department of Madison College, Pa., and 
afterwards practiced in the courts of Fayette Co., 
Pa. In 1856 he was baptized at Uniontown, by 
Rev. I. D. King ; was ordained in 1857, and settled 
as pastor of the church at Brownsville, Pa. ; was 
subsequently pastor at Pottsville, Meadville, and 
Franklin, Pa. Failing health obliged him to with- 
draw from the pastorate, and he entered upon a 
business life. lis labors soon became abundantly 
remunerated, and in recognition of God's claim 
upon his accumulating wealth he scattered and still 



USTRALTAN 



A TEH 



increased. Many needy churches and pastors be- 
came the recipients of his benefactions, and he 
delighted to honor God with his substance. In 
1879 he was elected president of the Pennsylvania 
Baptist General Association. This position he still 
holds, and, having retired from active business pur- 
suits, he labors with zeal and libei'ality to advance 
the interests of State mission work. He is also a 
member of the board of curators of the university 
at Lewisburg. He is an earnest preacher, and has 
a warm heart and ready hand for every good word 
and work. 

Australian Baptists.— The earliest mention in 
official reports of the churches founded by the Bap- 
tists in Australia is in the appendix to the account 
of the session of the Baptist Union of Great Britain 
and Ireland, held in London, April 19-24, 1844. It 
is there stated that the following churches had been 
established: Sydney, 3; Port Jackson, 1: Port 
Philip, 1 ; Van Dieraen's Land, 2 ; South Australia, 
2; in all, nine churches. The number of mem- 
bers does not appear, and probably was very small, 
the colonies being then in their infancy. During 
the next twenty years the population of the several 
colonies greatly increased, and the steady stream 
of immigration from the mother-country strength- 
ened the existing churches and promoted the for- 
mation of others. In 1865 the official report of the 
Baptist Union stated that there were 26 churches 
in Australia and 2 in New Zealand, nearly all of 
them having pastors. The 2 churches in Mel- 
bourne reported an aggregate metnbership of 727, 
but most of the others were small, only 1 besides 
having more than 100 members. During the next 
few years some efforts were made in England to 
secure for the Australian field the services of min- 
isters of superior training and ability, and the prin- 
cipal cities were supplied with pastors whose pres- 
ence and efforts gave an impetus to denominational 
growth. In 1874 there were 22 churches in New 
South Wales, 10 in Queensland, 41 in South Aus- 
tralia, 51 in Victoria, 14 in New Zealand, 3 in Tas- 
mania, or Van Diemen's Land. The population 
of Victoria was 731,538, and the aggregate Baptist 
membership about 1700. From the Baptist Union 
report for the present year (1880) it appears that 
much has been done in later years to consolidate 
and unify the denomination. Scai-cely any of the 
Australian churches are unassociated, and societies 
for promoting missions in foreign countries, for suc- 
coring weak churches, and for educating students 
for the ministry are in regular working order. 
The Victorian Association reports 34 churches, 
with a membership of 2636, and 19 branch schools 
and stations, 367 Sunday-school teachers, and 3880 
scholars. Besides a home mission, this Association 
supports several native missionaries in India. The 
South Australian Association has 38 churches and 



5 preaching stations, 21 preachers engaged in min- 
isterial work, and 2311 members. The New South 
Wales Baptist Union reports 14 churches and 4 
stations, 716 members, 1035 Sunday-school scholars, 
118 teachers, and it circulates a denominational 
paper. The Queensland Association has 21 churches 
and stations, 729 members, 10 pastors, not including 

6 German Baptist churches, with a membership of 
about 300. In New Zealand there is 1 Association 
in the south of the island, with 7 churches, and there 
are about twice as many unassociated. The aggre- 
gate membership is 1450, with 15 ministers. No 
progress appears to have been made in Tasmania, 
the report showing the existence of only 3 churches, 
but giving no statistics. The total number of Bap- 
tist churches in Australasia may be given approxi- 
mately as 127, with 87 ministers and 7700 members. 
In the leading cities the church edifices are large 
and elegant, that in Collins Street, Melbourne, ac- 
commodating 1050 persons. The largest member- 
ship is reported by the Hinders Street church, 
Adelaide, namely, 474. Two of the Melbourne 
churches report more than 400 members in each. 

Avery, Angus Clark, was born Jan. 26, 1836, 
in Henry Co., Mo. The Averys first settled in 
Groton, Conn. Nine of them were killed in the 
war of the Revolution. Five were wounded at 
Groton Heights in 1781, and four were commis- 
sioned officers in the struggle for independence. 
His mother's ancestors settled in Virginia, and 
were active in the war for independence. His 
great-grandfixther was killed in the battle of Blue 
Lick. Mr. Avery studied two years in Burrett 
College, and a year in the State University of Mis- 
souri, and graduated from Buri-ett College with 
valedictory honors in 1858. lie studied law, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1860, and he practiced 
law in Clinton, Mo., till the war suspended busi- 
ness. He then turned his attention to real estate, 
and is now the largest land-holder in the county, 
and he has done more than any other man for the 
surrounding country. Through great difficulties 
he built portions of the Missouri, Kansas and 
Texas Railroad, and he secured the completion of 
this great highway. He established the first Na- 
tional Bank of Clinton. He is a member and a 
deacon of the Baptist church of Clinton, and su- 
perintendent of its Sabbath-school, and he con- 
tributed $10,000 to build its house of worship. 
He is a trustee of William Jewell College, Mo., 
and a large contributor to its endowment. Few 
men are more favorably known than Mr. Avery. 
He is a man of large means and of great humility, 
and he is an untiring worker for Jesus. He holds 
many important offices, and he is gi'owing in use- 
fulness as a citizen and as a Christian. 

Ayer, Gen. L. M., was born in Barnwell Co., 
S. C, in 1830, of wealthy parents. He is a grad- 



BABCOCK 



51 



BABCOCK 



uate of the South Carolina College ; studied law, 
but gave his attention chiefly to politics ; served 
several terms in the Legislature, was a general of 
militia, and was elected to the United States Con- 
gress, but the beginning of the war prevented him 
from taking his seat. He was afterwards in the 



Confederate Congress. About ten years ago he 
became a Baptist, and was ordained to the ministry. 
He is i-emarkable for kindness and hospitality, and 
is an able speaker. He has recently published a 
work on infant salvation, which has elicited high 
commendation. 



B. 



Babcock, Gen. Joshua, born in Westerly, R. I., 
in 1707 ; graduated at Yale College ; studied med- 
icine and surgery in Boston and in England ; set- 
tled in his native town ; was an accomplished 
scholar; much in public business; became chief 
justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island ; in- 
timate with Benjamin Franklin ; first postmaster 
in Westerly in 1776 ; had an elegant mansion, still 
standing ; enrolled a Baptist ; one of the first cor- 
porators of Brown University in 1764, and one of 
the board of fellows in 1770 ; a major-general of 
militia in 1776 ; very active in the Revolution ; had 
two half-brothers and three sons that graduated at 
Yale College. His son. Col. Henry, became distin- 
guished, and was a Baptist, having united with the 
First Baptist church in Boston, Mass. Dr. Joshua 
died in Westerly, April 1, 1783, aged seventy-six. 

Babcock, Rev. Oliver W., the pastor of the 

Baptist church in Omro, Wis., is a native of Swan- 
ton, Franklin Co., Vt., where he was born in 1818, 
and where he passed his childhood and youth. He 
began his ministry in his native State with the 
Baptist church at Enosburg Falls, where he was 
ordained Sept. 24, 1849. He was pastor at East 
Enosburg, North Fairfax, North and South Fair- 
field, and Fletcher, in Vermont. In New York he 
served the Baptist church at Stockholm two years, 
Malone five years, Madrid one year, and Gouver- 
neur seven years. In 1867, under appointment of 
the American Baptist Home Missionary Society, he 
went to Wisconsin, and became pastor at Manasha 
and Neenah, where he labored six yeai's. He sub- 
sequently became pastor for a brief period at Ap- 
pleton, and he is now pastor of the Baptist church 
<at Omro, where he has labored with much accept- 
ance for six years. 

Babcock, Rev. Rufus, son of Elias Babcock, 
was born in North Stonington, Conn., April 22, 1758. 
His father, a Separatist and then a Baptist, moved 
with his parents, about 1775, to North Canaan, 
Conn. ; was two or three times called out as a sol- 
dier in the Revolution ; served with the company of 
Capt. Timothy Morse, whose daughter he married ; 



in 1783 was baptized by Rev. Joshua Morse ; united 
with the Baptist churcK in Landisfield, Mass., by 
which, afterwards, he was licensed to preach ; gath- 
ered a church in Colebrook, Conn., where he was 
ordained in 1794; the first minister of any denomi- 
nation settled in that town ; began his preaching 
in a barn in mid-winter ; preached also widely in 
the towns adjacent with large success ; served the 
Colebrook church as pastor till he was seventy-three 
years old ; received above 500 members ; educated 
his two younger sons, Cyrus Giles, and Rufus, Jr., 
at Brown University, — the former graduated in 
1816, and died soon after, — the latter graduated 
in 1821 and became the widely-known Baptist 
preacher. Dr. Rufus Babcock ; he had a vigorous 
mind, was an effective preacher, widely known 
and greatly honored. He died in November, 1842, 
aged eighty-four years. 

Babcock, Rufus, D.D., was bom in Colebrook, 
Conn., Sept. 18, 1798. His father was the pastor 
of the Baptist church in that place. He entered 
Brown University in 1817, and passed through the 
full course of study, graduating in 1821. Among 
his classmates were President Eliphaz Fay, of 
Waterville College; Hon. Levi Ilaile, judge of the 
Supi-eme Court of Rhode Island ; and the well- 
known Dr. Samuel G. Howe, of Boston. Not long 
after leaving college he was appointed tutor in 
Columbian College, now Columbian University, 
which, under Rev. Dr. Staughton, had recently 
been established in Washington, D. C. During his 
connection with the college he pursued his theologi- 
cal studies under the direction of its gifted presi- 
dent, having already received a license to preach 
from the church of which he was a member. He 
was ordained in 1823 by the Hudson River Asso- 
ciation at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and shortly after 
his ordination became pastor of the Baptist church 
in that place. Here he remained until invited to 
Salem, Mass. There he had a most happy and 
successful ministry from 1826 to 1833. He was 
then invited to take the presidency of Waterville 
College (now Colby University), which office he 



BABCOCK 



BACKUS 



held for nearly four years. Retiring from it, he 
took charge successively of the Spruce Street church 
in Philadelphia, the First Baptist church in New- 
Bedford, Mass., then again of the church in 
Poughkeepsie where he commenced his ministry. 
His last pastorate was in Paterson, N. J. In the 
work of religious organizations which were con- 
cerned in giving the gospel to the destitute he took 
great interest. He was president of the American 
Baptist Publication Society, the corresponding sec- 
retary of the American and Foreign Bible Society, 
to promote whose interests he wrote and traveled 
extensively. At different times he acted also as an 
agent of the American Sunday-School Union. For 
these places of trust and useful labor he possessed 
rare qualifications, and did good service in the 
cause of his Master. Dr. Babcock had a ready pen, 
and always maintained an intimate connection with 
the religious press. From 1841 to 1845 he was the 
editor of the Baptist Memorial. He wrote and 
published during his life several volumes. His 
correspondence with the Watchman^ as it is now 
called, extended over almost the entire period of its 
existence. He devoted himself with ceaseless dili- 
gence to the work to which he consecrated the dew 
of his youth and the energies of his riper years. 
His death created a void which hns never in all 
respects been filled. When he left the world it 
could truly be said, " Blessed are the dead which 
die in the Lord from henceforth. Yea, saith the 
Spirit, that they may rest from their labors ; and 
their works do follow them." 

Dr. Babcock died at Salem, Mass., where he had 
gone to visit among his old parishioners. The event 
occurred May 4, 1875. 

Babcock, Eev. Stephen, born in Westerly, 
R. I., Out. 12, 1706, was a constituent member of 
the Presbyterian church in Westerly in 1742, and 
was chosen a deacon ; became a Separatist ; or- 
ganized the Baptist church (Hill church) in Wes- 
terly, April 5, 1750, and was ordained the pastor 
on the same day ; acted a conspicuous and effective 
part in the great "New Light" movement; aided 
in organizing many new churches ; joined in call- 
ing the famous council of May 29, 1753, held in 
North Stonington, Conn., and the council in Exeter, 
R. L, in September, 1854; bold, faithful standard- 
bearer in troublous times ; died full of historic 
honor Dec. 22, 1775. He was succeeded by his son. 
Rev. Oliver Babcock: ordained Sept. 18, 1776; 
good and faithful; died Feb. 13, 1784, in his forty- 
sixth year. 

Backus, Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Backus, of 
Norwich, Conn., and mother of Rev. Isaac Backus, 
the Baptist historian, was a descendant of the Plym- 
outh Winslows, and a talented, lieroic Christian 
woman ; was converted in 1721 ; lost her husband 
in 1740 : became a Separatist with her son in 1745 ; 



was suspended from communion of the Congrega- 
tional church, with her son and seven others, Oct. 
17, 1745 ; was imprisoned for refusing to pay rates 
for the standing order in October, 1752, when she 
wrote her son the letter that has become historic ; 
and died Jan. 26, 1769. Though she did not unite 
with the Baptists, as there was then no Baptist 
church in that region, yet she evidently held firmly 
and suffered bravely for some of their distinguisii- 
ing principles. 

Backus, Rev. Isaac, was born at Norwich, 
Conn., Jan. 9, 1724, of parents who were actively 




REV. ISAAC BACKUS. 

identified with the " pure" Congregationalism as 
opposed to the Say brook platform, and his early 
religious training influenced greatly his future life. 
He was converted in 1741 during the Great New 
England Awakening, but did not join himself to 
the church until ten months later, and then with 
much hesitation, owing to the laxity of church dis- 
cipline and its low state of religious feeling. From 
this church — the First Congregational of Norwich 
— he and others soon separated themselves, and 
began to hold meetings on the Sabbath for mutual 
edification. Feeling himself called by God to the 
work of his ministry, he shortly after began to 
exhort and preach, although there were at that time 
penal enactments against public preaching by any 
except settled pastors, unless with their consent 
and at their express desire. He was, however, un- 
molested, and addressed himself earnestly to the 
work of a pastor and evangelist, his first pastorate 
being that of a Separate church at Middleborougb, 
to which he was ordained in 1748. In the follow- 



BACKUS 



53 



[CKUS 



in^ year he married Susannah Mason, of Rehoboth, 
with whom he lived fifty-one years, and of whom 
he wrote near the close of his life that he consid- 
ered her the greatest earthly blessing God had given 
him. 

The subject of baptism was agitating the church 
of which Mr. Backus took charge, and it was only 
after a long and bitter struggle with himself that 
two years later he was enabled to put aside all 
doubts and perplexities on the suliject and come 
out unreservedly for baptism through a profession 
of faith. His stand on this subject and his baptism 
by Elder Peiree, of Rhode Island, soon led to his 
exclusion from the church, although he did not 
consider himself a Baptist, nor did he desire to 
connect himself with that denomination. He con- 
tinued his labors as an evangelist until 1756, when, 
with six baptized believers, a Baptist church was 
formed in Middleborough, and Mr. Backus was or- 
dained its pastor. In 1765 he was elected a trustee 
of Brown University, which position he held for 
thirty-four years. 

At this time the Baptists were subject to much 
oppression and persecution by the civil powers of 
Massachusetts. They were taxed for the mainte- 
nance of the state churches, and upon refusal of 
payment of rates their lands and goods were dis- 
tressed, and themselves put in prison. In 1774, 
Mr. Backus was chosen agent of the Baptist 
churches of Massachusetts, and to his ftiithful and 
untiring labors we owe much of our present civil 
liberty. For ten years he labored and struggled 
and wrote for exemption from the burdens laid 
upon the Baptists; but although not entirely unsuc- 
cessful he did not live to see the fruit of his work, 
the entire severance of church and state in Massa- 
chusetts not taking place until 1833. 

In 1774, Mr. Backus was sent as the agent of the 
Baptist churches of the Warren Association to 
Philadelphia to endeavor to enlist in their behalf 
the Continental Congress, which met there at that 
time. lie with agents from other Associations con- 
ferred with the Massachusetts delegation and others, 
and President Manning, of Brown University, read 
a memorial setting forth the grievances and op- 
pressions under which the Baptists labored, and 
praying for relief therefrom. The result of this 
eflfort on the part of the New England Baptists to 
obtain religious freedom was hurtful i-ather than 
advantageous. After the adjournment of the Con- 
tinental Congress most unjust and untrutliful re- 
ports were circulated in regard to the proceedings 
of the conference. The Baptists were accused of 
presenting false charges of oppression in order to 
prevent the colonies uniting in defense of their lib- 
erties. To counteract if possible these injurious 
reports Mr. Backus met the Committee of Griev- 
ances at Boston, and they drew up an address 



affirming their loyalty to the colonies and defend- 
ing their action at Philadelphia, and it was pre- 
sented to the Congress of Massachusetts then in 
session. In 1775, when the General Court met at 
Watertown, Mr. Backus sent in a memorial, setting 
forth with great plainness the policy of the State 
towards those who were not of the Standing Order, 
and demanding religious liberty as the inherent 
right of every man. This memorial was twice 
read in the Assembly, and permission was given 
Dr. Fletcher to bring in a bill for the redress of the 
grievances " he apprehended the Baptists labored 
under." The bill was brought in but never acted 
upon by the House. Under the dii-ection of the 
Association, which met that year at AVarren, Mr. 
Backus then drew up a letter to all the Baptist 
societies asking for a general meeting of their dele- 
gates for devising the best means for attaining their 
religious freedom. In 1777 he read an address be- 
fore the Warren Association " To the People of 
New England" on the subject of religious freedom, 
and the same year his first volume of the " History 
of New England" was issued. In the following 
year he read before the Warren Association another 
paper on religious liberty, which was published at 
their unanimous request. In 1779 he published in 
the Independent Chronicle, of Boston, a reply to the 
statement made at the drafting of the proposed 
new State constitution, that the Baptists had never 
been persecuted, and they had sent their agent to 
Philadelphia in 1774 with a false memorial of their 
grievances in order to prevent the union of the 
colonies. This false assertion was made in order 
to obtain votes necessary to carry Article III. in 
the Bill of Rights, which gave to civil rulers powers 
in religious matters. In 1780 the Baptist Conven- 
tion published an appeal to the people against this 
article, which led to a newspaper controversy, in 
which the Baptists were defended by Mr. Backus. 
A protest was then issued by the Association, but 
the General Court nevertheless adopted the objec- 
tionable article, and theWarren Association through 
their agent again addressed the Baptists of the 
State. Under the new constitution the Baptists, 
" if they gave in certificates to the ruling sect that 
they belonged to a Baptist society, and desired their 
money to go to the minister thereof, he (the min- 
ister) could sue the money out of the hands of 
those who took it." Mr. Backus met the Com- 
mittee of Grievances in 1785 to consult with them 
in relation to their course of action under such 
ruling. They concluded to accept the compromise 
despite the earnest objections of Mr. Backus. Had 
they been willing to resist, even to the loss of their 
property, the giving in of certificates, and had they 
demanded the entire separation of church and state, 
the desired end would no doubt have been attained 
many years before it was. 



BACKUS 



BACON 



In 1789, Mr. Backus visited Virginia and North 
Carolina, at the request of the brethren, for the 
purpose of strengthening and building up their 
cimrches. He spent six months in this work, and 
was the means of accomplishing much good. The 
distance he traveled while there — some 3000 miles 
— and the number of sermons preached — 126 — 
show the marvelous energy of the man, and the 
immense amount of work he must have accom- 
plished during his ministerial life. 

Mr. Backus continued in the active duties of a 
pastor and evangelist until within a short time of 
his death, which occurred Nov. 20, 1806. In ap- 
pearance he was tall and commanding, and in later 
years inclined towards portliness. He possessed 
an iron constitution, and was capable of great 
physical endurance. 

The historical works of Mr. Backus are of great 
value on account of the deep research he made in 
the collection of his material, and his impartiality 
in presenting the facts. The Baptists owe much 
to him for the discovery and preservation of many 
interesting and important events concerning their 
history during colonial times. 

Backus, Jay S., D.L., a Baptist clergyman, was 
born in Washington Co., N. Y., Feb. 17, 1810, and 
died in Groton, N. Y., 1879. He studied at Madi- 
son University, but by reason of serious illness, 
which crippled him for life, he did not finish his 
course. Nevertheless the degi-ees of Master of Arts 
and Doctor of Divinity were conferred on him by 
that university. He was ordained as pastor of the 
Baptist church of Groton, N. Y., which he served 
with marked success. During this pastorate he 
labored as an evangelist, assisting other ministers 
in special revival meetings. In this work he was 
known as a preacher of great power. He also 
served as pastor of the First Baptist church of 
Auburn, N. Y., the McDougal Street and the 
South Baptist churches of the city of New York, 
and the First Baptist church of Syracuse, whose 
house of worship had been burned while unin- 
sured. By undaunted efiPort, perseverance, and 
financial tact he secured a new and better house, 
and dedicated it free from debt. 

For a few years he was associate editor of the 
New York Chronicle with Dr. Pharcellus Church. 
In 1862 he was elected secretary of the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society, a position of great 
responsibility and high honor. The energy, the 
zeal, the sanctified ambition, so characteristic of 
the man, made him one of the most successful 
managers of that great enterprise. 

Bacon, Joel Smith, D.D., was born in Cayuga 
Co., N. Y., Sept. 3, 1802. In 1821 he entered 
Homer Academy, and after two years' study he 
was admitted to the Sophomore class at Hamilton 
College, Clinton, N. Y., where, in 1825, he gradu- 



ated with honors. While at college he was distin- 
guished for scholarship and readiness in debate. 
Among his classmates were Dr. Hague, Judge Bos- 
worth. Dr. Carmichael, and others eminent in church 




JOEL SMITH liACIlN, D I). 

and state. For one year after his graduation Dr. 
Bacon taught school in Amelia Co., Va. The year 
following he took charge of a classical school in 
Princeton, N. J., and while there associated inti- 
mately with members of the faculties of the col- 
lege and the seminai-y, and was highly esteemed 
by them. In 1829 he accepted the presidency of 
Georgetown College, and held it for ten_years, 
with the universal respect of the students, of the 
trustees, and of the community. In 1831 he was 
ordained to the ministry. In 1833 he resigned the 
presidency of Georgetown College and accepted 
the position of Professor of Mathematics and Nat- 
ural Philosophy, at Hamilton, N. Y. Shortly 
after entering upon his duties, at his request, he 
was transferred to the chair of Moral and Mental 
Philosophy, a department of study usually con- 
ducted by presidents of colleges. The death of his 
father-in-law, Capt. Porter, led Prof. Bacon, in 
1837, to resign his professorship, and removing to 
Salem, he became pastor of the First Baptist 
church in Lynn, Mass. He remained for nearly 
three years, greatly esteemed by the church and 
all who knew him. In December, 1839, Dr. Bacon 
resigned his pastorate. In 1843, two years after 
the resignation of Dr. Chapin, Dr. Bacon was 
elected president of the Columbian College, Wash- 
ington, D. C. His connection with the college was 
a successful one, and, as in all the positions which 



BACON 



55 



BA CON 



he occupied, he showed himself well adapted to the 
responsible and arduous duties of the station. 
After serving as president for eleven years he 
resigned, and devoted his energies to female edu- 
cation in Georgia, Louisiana, Virginia, and Ala- 
bama. He accepted an appointment in 1866 from 
the American and Foreign Bible Society to dis- 
tribute Bibles among the colored people, and the 
amount of good he accomplished by way of counsel, 
instruction, and encouragement among the freed- 
men the records of eternity only will reveal. It 
M'as a lowly work for one who for so many years 
had been a leader among the most intellectual of 
the land, but a work which, nevertheless, he en- 
joyed with his whole heart. In this work of two 
or three years Dr. Bacon " finished his course." 
On Sunday, Oct. 31, 1869, Dr. Bacon had the pleas- 
ure of baptizing two of his daughters, then pupils 
at Edgewood, a school at Fluvanna, Va., in the 
Rivanna River, one of them relating her experience 
on the bank in the presence of a large and weep- 
ing circle of spectators. He reached his home 
in Richmond November 3 ; in two days after he 
was attacked by pleurisy and pneumonia, and on 
the following Wednesday fell asleep in Christ. Dr. 
Bacon's mind was versatile and practical, and he 
was fond of studying men and things as well as 
books. He was an acute inquirer ; he was an in- 
teresting and practical preacher, always command- 
ing attention and awakening and stimulating 
thought. As a man, he was of pure and lofty sen- 
timents, with broad and generous sympathies, and 
with kindly affections. 

The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred upon 
Dr. Bacon in 1845. 

Bacon, Prof. Milton E., a distinguished edu- 
cator in Mississippi, was born in 1818 in the State 
of Georgia. He graduated at the University of 
Georgia in 1838, and soon after engaged in teach- 
ing. In 1843 he founded the " Southern Female 
College" at Lagrange, Ga., where he labored about 
fourteen years. He then removed to Aberdeen, 
Miss., and established the Aberdeen Female Col- 
lege, where he taught nine years. He was very 
much loved by his pupils, and often received the 
highest testimonials of their esteem. In 1879, by 
invitation of the alumni of Lagrange College, there 
was a reunion of Prof. Bacon with his old pupils 
at Atlanta, Ga. This interesting meeting was at- 
tended by hundreds of ladies from a number of 
the surrounding States. Prof Bacon has long 
been an active and zealous Baptist. 

Bacon, Rev. William, M.D., was born at 
Greenwich, N. J., June 30, 1802. Early in life 
he united with the Presbyterian Church. Soon 
afterwards his thoughts were -turned towai-ds the 
ministry, and, encouraged by his friends, he entered 
upon a course of collegiate study at the University 



of Pennsylvania, where he graduated at the age of 
twenty. About this time, having begun to question 
the reality of his conversion, and consequently his 
call to the ministry, he studied medicine, and com- 
menced practice at Allowaystown, Salem Co., N. J. 
Here he was brought under the ministry of Rev. 
Joseph Sheppard, the loved and revered pastor of 
the church at Salem, through whose intelligent and 
faithful counsels he was brought into the liberty of 
the children of God, and by whom he was baptized. 
The desire to preach the gospel was now kindled 
anew in his heart. Ordained as an evangelist, he 
went everywhere preaching the Word, the Lord 
working with him and crowning his labors with 
great success. In 1830 he became pastor of the 
church at Pittsgrove, in 1833 of the church at 
Woodstown, and in 1838 of the church at Dividing 
Creek. In all these churches he served faithfully 
and well his Lord and the souls of the people. His 
pastorate at the latter place lasted eleven years, and 
appears to have been one of unusual prosperity. 
Weighed down by these years of toil, and hindered 
by domestic cares and afflictions from giving him- 
self wholly to the work of the ministry, he retired 
from pastoral duties and resumed the practice of 
medicine, in which he continued till his death. He 
was held in much esteem by the public, and at the 
earnest request of the people of the district in which 
he lived he served them two successive terms in the 
Legislature of the State, commanding, by his in- 
telligence, integrity, and moral worth, the respect 
of every member of the House. At the age of 
sixty-sis, after a brief sickness, he fell asleep iu 
Jesus, at Newport, N. J. 

Bacon, Winchell D., of Waukesha, Wis., was 
born at Stillwater, Saratoga Co., N. Y. His father 
was a farmer. His mother's maiden name was 
Lydia Barber Daisley. He remained on his father'.s 
farm until nineteen years of age, and then went to 
Troy, N. Y., and served as a clerk in a store for 
two years. In 1837 he accompanied his father's 
family to Butternuts, Otsego Co., N. Y., where his 
father had purchased land, and here he again en- 
gaged in farming. In September, 1841, he started 
with his wife for the West, and settled in Prairie- 
ville, now Waukesha. Here he bought a farm, and 
engaged in the occupation for which he was trained. 
In connection with his farming he entered exten- 
sively into business pursuits in Waukesha, in 
which he was pre-eminently successful. In 1863, 
Mr. Bacon was appointed paymaster in the army, 
and served in that capacity for some time. In 1865 
he, with other citizens, organized the Farmers' Na- 
tional Bank of Waukesha, and he was elected pres- 
ident. In 1853 he was a member of the Legislature. 
He has been a member of the boai-d of trustees of 
the Hospital for the Insane, of the Deaf and Dumb 
Institute, and of the University of Chicago. 



BAGBY 



56 



BAILEY 



In early life Mr. Bacon made a profession of re- 
lisjion and united with the Baptist Church. He is 
decided in his religious convictions and denomina- 
tional preferences. Mr. Bacon in some commu- 
nities would be called a radical man. He certainly 
has the courage of his convictions, and is outspoken 
on all subjects that relate to the reformation of so- 
ciety and the State. He is the feai-less enemy of 
all oppression and wrong. He has a wife and three 
children living. Joshun, his only son, is one of the 
rising physicians of the county and State. 

Bagby, Rev. Alfred, was born June 15, 1828, 
at Stevensville, King and Queen Co., Va., and is 
a son of John Bagby, who is still living, and in 
his eighty-seventh year. Two brothers also entered 
the ministry, Rev. Prof G. F. Bagby, of Bethel 
College, Ky., and Rev. R. H. Bagby, D.D., who 
died in 1870. He was educated mainly at Stevens- 
ville Academy and at the Columbian College, where 
he graduated in 1847. In 1850 he entered Prince- 
ton Theological Seminary, N. J., but owing to the 
ftiilure of his health he was obliged to leave in 
1851. He spent two years in teaching in New 
Kent Co., Va., and was principal of the Stevens- 
ville Academy from 1856 to 1859. Mr. Bagby has 
been pastor of churches at Hicksford and at Mount 
Olivet, Va. In 1855 he took charge of the church 
at Mattapony, where he has been the honored and 
successful pastor for twenty-three years. He also 
started an interest at West Point, Va., where he is 
now laboring in conjunction with Mattapony. The 
latter church has been greatly blessed under Mr. 
Bagby's ministry in the development of the gifts 
of its members, among whom it has sent forth Rev. 
R. H. Bagby, D.D., pastor of Bruington church, 
Va. ; Rev. John Pollard, D.D., pastor of Lee Street 
church, Baltimore; Rev. W. B. Todd, Virginia; 
and Rev. W. T. Hundley, Edgefield, S. C. The 
meeting-house at Mattapony was built in colonial 
times by the government for the Established 
Church. The adjacent grounds are crowded by 
graves and monuments of the dead, not a few of 
which antedate the Revolution for years. The re- 
mains of George Braxton, the father of one of the 
signers of the Declaration of Independence, repose 
here under a plain marble slab. 

Bagby, Richard Hugh, D.D., the son of John 
and Elizabeth Bagby, was born at Stevensville, 
Va., June 16, 1820. He was converted while a 
student at the Virginia Baptist Seminary, now 
Richmond College, and became a member of the 
Bruington Baptist church in his native county of 
King and Queen. Of his conversion he writes, " I 
entered the seminary at Richmond, and nothing 
important happened, except that from my entrance 
my religious impressions increased, and my views 
of the pardon of sin through Christ grew brighter 
and clearer, until my distress on account of my 



sins was so great that I gave up all as lost. But 
one morning while at worship in the chapel, and 
in the act of praying, I determined to give myself 
to God, to work for him while life lasted, and to 
trust my salvation in his hands through the riches 
of his grace in Christ Jesus. I at once felt relief."' 
He graduated at the Columbian College in 1839, 
after which he studied law. Having determined, 
however, to devote himself to the ministry, he re- 
linquished the practice of his profession ; was 
licensed to preach in 1841 by the Mattapony 
church, and in 1842 ordained. He was immedi- 
ately called to the pastorate of the Bruington 
church, into whose fellowship he had been bap- 
tized eight years before. In this field he remained 
twenty-eight years, a laborious and eminently suc- 
cessful pastor, baptizing large numbers, and en- 
couraging the membership in every good work. 
After this long and fruitful pastorate with the 
Bruington church, he accepted, in 1870, the ap- 
pointment of associate secretary of State Missions 
in Virginia. He was for several consecutive ses- 
sions president of the Baptist General Association 
of the State, arid served with great efficiency. He 
received the honorary degree of D.D. from the 
Columbian College in 1869. He died Oct. 29, 1870, 
from the effects of an illness brought on by ex- 
hausting labors in assisting in protracted meetings. 
He sleeps in the burial-ground of the ciiurch at 
Bruington, which he loved so earnestly and served 
so well, and the people of his charge have erected 
over his remains a neat marble monument. Dr. 
Bagby stood among the foremost of the Virginia 
ministry of his day. Some surpassed him in learn- 
ing and in the graces of style : but for clearness 
and force, for directness, earnestness, and eff'ective- 
ness of thought and manner, he was rarely ex- 
celled. As a pastor he had but few peers. His 
labors were largely and equally blessed in turning 
souls to God and in training them for usefulness 
in the service of truth and holiness. 

Bailey, Rev. Alvin, one of the pioneers of the 
Baptist denomination in Illinois, was born at 
Westminster, Vt., Dec. 9, 1802. At the age of 
fourteen he united with the Baptist cliurcii in 
Coventry. He studied for the ministry at Ham- 
ilton, graduating in 1831. In the same year, in 
company with his classmate, Gardner Bartlett, 
afterwards associated with him in Western labor, 
he was ordained at Coventry, Vt. Removing soon 
after to Illinois with his wife, a sister of Dr. George 
B. Ide, he opened a school at Upper Alton, which 
may perhaps be regarded as a first step towards 
the foundation of the college now there. He at 
the same time served the church in Alton City as 
its pastor. Removing in due time to Carrollton, 
he became pastor of the church there. Here his 
wife died, and he married the widow of Rev. Allen 



BAILEY 



BAILEY 



B. Freeman, of whose early death in Chicago men- 
tion is made elsewhere. Besides at CarroUton, he 
was pastor at Winchester and Jacksonville, pub- 
lishing at the latter place the Voice of Truth, and 
afterwards the Westa-ii Star. In 1847 he returned 
to New York, and until 1858 served churches at 
East Lansing and Belfast in that State. In the 
last-named year he accepted a recall to CarroUton, 
111., but in 1855 returned to New York, and after 
a six-years' pastorate at McGrawville and one at 
Dryden, he died of typhoid pneumonia, at Etna, 
Tompkins Co., May 9, 1867. " Alvin Bailey," says 
Dr. J. D. Cole, " was one of the best ministers that 
ever labored in the Prairie State." 

Bailey, Rev. C. T., the editor of the Biblical Be- 
corder, the organ of the Baptists of North Carolina, 




was born in Williamsburg, Va., Oct. 24, 1835. He 
was the last candidate ever baptized by Scuvant 
Jones ; was educated at William and Mary College, 
and at Richmond College ; was ordained in 1858, 
Revs. W. M. Young, William Martin, and W. A. 
Crandall forming the presliytery, at Williamsburg ; 
Avent into the army as a private in 1861, but did 
not remain in the service long ; preached to several 
country churches in Surrey Co., Va. ; came to North 
Carolina in October, 1865, and became master of 
the Reynoldson Academy in Gates County ; removed 
to Edenton in 1868, where he remained as pastor 
till 1871, when he became pastor of the Warrenton 
church. In 1875 he became proprietor of the Bib- 
lical Recorder, which he has since conducted with 
distinguished ability and success. 



Bailey, Gilbert Stephen, D.D., son of George 

A. Bailey, was burn in Abington, Pa., Oct. 17, 
1822. While a student in Oberlin College he be- 
came a disciple of Christ, and was baptized in Ab- 
ington, Oct. 16, 1842. Leaving college on account 
of illness, he taught for a while, and preached oc- 
casionally. He was ordained May 20, 1845, at 
Abington, and immediately became pastor in Can- 
terbury, Orange Co., N. Y. The next year he was 
sent by the American Baptist Home Mission So- 
ciety to Springfield, 111., and accepted the pastor- 
ate of the church there. In 1849 he removed to 
Tremont, Tazewell Co., 111., and labored there 
and at Pekin, in the same county, six years. In 
December, 1855, he became pastor at Metamora, 
Woodford Co., 111., and continued in that relation 
till May, 1861. He labored at Morris, 111., from 
May, 1861, till December, 1863, when he became 
superintendent of missions for the Baptist General 
Association of Illinois. His work in this office 
was of great value, and was, to say the least, con- 
temporaneous with a remarkable growth of Baptist 
churches in Illinois. From October, 1867, to July, 
1875, he was secretary of the Baptist Theological 
Union, which was formed to establish and endow 
the theological seminary now located at Morgan 
Park. For these years his work was laborious and 
self-sacrificing, but eminently successful. From 
Aug. 1, 1875, to April 1, 1878, he ministered to 
the church at Pittston, Pa., and sin.ce the latter 
date has been pastor at Niles, Mich., where a new 
house of worship has meanwhile been built. He 
is the author of the following works, viz. : '' His- 
tory of the Illinois River Baptist Association," 
"The Caverns of Kentucky," "Manual of Bap- 
tism," "The Trials and Victories of Religious 
Liberty in America," and five tracts. Dr. Bailey 
first proposed and inaugurated a ministers' insti- 
tute in 1864, and his suggestion has been widely 
accepted. 

Bailey, Rev. John, a distinguished pioneer 
preacher of Kentucky, and one of the first pulpit 
orators of the West in his day, was born in North- 
umberland Co., Va., 1748. He united with a Bap- 
tist church in his youth, and began to exhort at 
the age of eighteen years. He was ordained to the 
ministry in early manhood. He moved from his 
birthplace to Pittsylvania, where he gained con- 
siderable reputation as a pulpit orator. In 1784 
he moved to Kentucky, and settled in what is now 
Lincoln County. Here he gathered Rush Branch 
church, and became its pastor in 1785. In the 
course of a few years he gathered McCormack's 
and Green River churches. He was a member of 
the convention that formed the fii-st constitution of 
Kentucky, in 1792. He was also a delegate from 
Logan County to the convention which formed the 
second constitution of that State, in 1799. About 



BAILEY 



58 



BAILEY 



this period he adopted the doctrine of " Universal 
Restoration," and was excluded from his church. 
This resulted in a division of South District Asso- 
ciation. A majority of the churches followed the 
eloquent Bailey without adopting his theory. This 
faction were known by the name of '' South Ken- 
tucky Association of Separate Baptists." It has 
since become tliree Associations, all of which are 
now weak and in a perishing condition. Mr. Bailey 
labored with much zeal and diligence among the 
churches of this sect to a good old age. lie main- 
tained a spotless moral character, and was very 
successful in building up these churches. lie was 
i-egarded by all who knew him as a good and great 
man. He died at his home in Lincoln Co., Ky., 
July 3, 1816. 

Bailey, E,ev. Joseph Albert, born in Middle- 
town, Conn., Aug. 17. 1823; baptized in 1837 by 
Rev. J. Cookson, and united with the Baptist 
ehurch in Middletown ; felt a call to the ministry ; 
preached first sermon in 1847 ; graduated from 
Wesleyan University in 1849; studied theology at 
Newton, Mass., and Rochester, N. Y., graduating 
from the latter seminai-y in 1851 ; ordained pastor 
of the Baptist ehurch in Essex, Conn., Oct. 22, 
1851, the sermon by Rev. R. Turnbull, D.D. ; la- 
bored in Essex four years with great favor ; settled 
with the Baptist church in Waterbury, Conn., in 
September, 1855, where with remarkable success 
lie preached for about eighteen years, and until his 
health failed ; was for years secretary of the Con- 
necticut Baptist State Convention ; was school 
visitor for AYaterbury, and engaged in temperance 
and other good causes. In March, 1873, for the 
recovery of his health he sailed for Europe; went 
to Carlsbad, in Baden, for his health ; there died 
May 11, 1873, in his fiftieth year. In him were 
blended force and sweetness ; clear, strong, fervid 
preacher ; wise, faithful pastor ; hearty friend ; be- 
loved by all. 

Bailey, Hon. Joseph Mead, LL.D.— Among 

the laymen of the Baptist denomination in this 
country Judge Bailey deservedly holds a conspicu- 
ous place. While eminently successful in his 
chosen profession, having achieved as a jurist a 
foremost position, he is known in all circles as a 
man of fine culture, an intelligent, earnest Chris- 
tian, always willing to be known as such, and as a 
steadfast Baptist. He was born in Middlebury, 
Wyoming Co., N. Y., June 22, 1833, and united 
•with the Baptist church in that place in 1847. He 
prepared for college at the Wyoming Academy, 
entering the University of Rochester as Sophomore 
in 1851, and graduating in 1854. As a student he 
was known rather for his quiet diligence than for 
brilliance in the various college exercises, ranking, 
however, as a scholar with the best. He studied 
law at Rochester, and in 1856 entered upon the 



practice of his profession at Freeport, 111. His 
success was immediate and marked. In 1867 he 
was elected a member of the Illinois Legislature, 
and re-elected iu 1869. In 1876 he was one of the 
Presidential electors for the State of Illinois. In 
1877 he was chosen judge of the Thirteenth Judi- 
cial Circuit ; in 1878 judge of the First District of 
the Illinois Appellate Court, and in 1879 chief jus- 
tice of the same court. His official duties are dis- 
charged at Chicago, though his residence remains 
at Freeport. His known interest in the cause of 
higher education led to his election in 1878 as trus- 
tee of the University of Chicago, in which board 
he now also holds the office of vice-pi-esident. In 
1879 he received from the universities of Rochester 
and Chicago the degree of LL.D. In his own place 
of residence, as well as throughout the State, Judge 
Bailey is held in great respect, and in the church 
of his membership is a valued counselor and co- 
laborer, while always ready with liberal donations. 
Bailey, Rev. Napoleon A., was born in Law- 
rence Co., Ala., Sept. 5, 1833. His mother was 
from Mary'and,and his father was a native of Vir- 
ginia. In July, 1850, he was baptized and united 
with the Liberty Baptist church, in his native 
county. In 1853 he was licensed, and in Septem- 
ber, 1854, he entered Union University, Murfrees- 
borough, Tenn., where, for three years, he diligently 
pursued his studies, graduating in July, 1869. He 
was regularly set apart to the gospel ministry by 
ordination in November, 1857. On the 1st of Jan- 
uary, 1858, he took charge of Liberty churcli, into 
whose fellowship he was baptized, and soon after 
moved to Florida, on account of a severe cough 
which he contracted while preaching in a revival 
meeting. His health being restored by the balmy 
climate of Florida, he removed to Georgia, where 
for a number of years he preached to several 
churches while acting as president of the Houston 
Female College. He served afterwards the churches 
at Milledgeville and Dalton, and then went to Cali- 
fornia, where he remained a year and a half. He 
then returned to his native State, and subsequently 
removed to Georgia, in which State he now resides, 
at Quitman. For six years Mr. Bailey has filled 
the position of assistant secretary of the Georgia 
Baptist Convention. He is a faithful and zealous 
pastor, an able preacher, clinging tenaciously to 
the cardinal principles of the denomination. His 
conscientious piety and hearty co-operation in all 
the leading enterprises of the denomination are 
universally recognized, and it has been said of him 
that he is one of those few " to whom giving seems 
to be a real luxury." Candor, sincerity, and a firm 
adherence to his convictions of right are prominent 
traits in his character, while gentleness and self- 
sacrifice are in him happily blended with fortitude 
and courage. 



BAILEY 



BAILEY 



Bailey, Rosa Adams, second wife of Dr. Silas 
Biiiley, was born in Shelbyville, Ind., May 3, 1843. 
Her father was related to the family of John Quincy 
Adams. She showed an earnest love for study. 
She entered the Indianapolis Baptist Female Insti- 
tute. While a student there she was converted and 
joined the First Baptist church. After graduation 
she became a teaciier in the institute, and was one 
of the most efficient. Mrs. Ingalls came with a 
call for help in Burmah. Mrs. Bailey went with 
her as a missionary to Henthada. After several 
years of labor, failing health obliged her to come 
home. While at home she was married to Dr. 
Bailey, but still longed to return to Burmah. In 
1873 they sailed for France. After the doctor's 
death she came back to this country, preparatory 
to a return to Burmah. She resumed her work 
there with great zeal, but was attacked with cholera, 
and died at Zeegong, July 26, 1878. 

Mrs. Bailey was a lady of rare talents, of win- 
ning graces, of great piety, and of extensive use- 
fulness. She was in Philadelphia for a short time 
prior to her last departure for Burmah, and gained 
the affections of hundreds of ladies for herself and 
her distant mission. 

Bailey. SUas, D.D., LL.D., was born in Ster- 
ling, Worcester Co., Mass., June 12, 1809. In 1828 
he went to Amherst, Mass., to pursue _a course 
of study to fit him for college. Having finished his 
preparations, he heard an address of Dr. Francis 
Wayland that led him to enter Brown University. 
He was always an admirer of President Wayland, 
and the president has often expressed his regard for 
the ability of his pupil. 

During a great revival in the university he was 
born again. In the language of Dr. J. G. Warren, 
his college-mate, " The work of regeneration was 
done throughout his whole being; done for all time 
and for all eternity." In 1834 he became principal 
of the Worcester Academy, Mass., and was very 
successful in conducting its operations. In 1839 
he became pastor of the church at Thompson, 
Conn. In 1842 he was appointed agent for the 
Missionary Union for the State of New York. In 
1845 he settled as pastor of the church at West- 
borough, Mass., and in 1847 was called to the presi- 
dency of Granville College, 0. He labored here 
several years, cheerfully and effectively. He left 
his impress upon many a young man by the labors 
of both class-room and pulpit ; for during a consid- 
erable part of the time he was both president of 
the college and pastor of the church. Not to speak 
of others, it is sufficient to mention President 
Talbot, a prince in thought and manhood, a grad- 
uate under Dr. Bailey during his presidency at 
Granville. 

In 1852 he was called to the presidency of Frank- 
lin College, Ind., and he was soon recognized as a 



leader by the Baptists of the State. His failing 
health compelled him to resign in 1862. In 1863 
he was called to the pastorate of the La Fayette 
(Indiana) church. In 1866 he was invited to the 
chair of Theology in Kalamazoo Theological Semi- 
nary, Mich. 'He labored hei-e in both the seminary 
and college till debility compelled him to resign in 




SILAS BAILEY, D.D., LL.D. 

1869. He then returned to La Fayette. Here, in 
1873, within two weeks, his adopted daughter, Mrs. 
Moore, and his wife died. After several months 
he conceived the idea of visiting the Old World. 
He was married to Miss Rosa Adams, a lady of 
great worth, a returned missionary, and they took 
passage for France. He died, after a short illness, 
in Paris on the 30t,h of June, 1874. He left his 
library and a part of his estate to Franklin College. 
He was, in 1860, president of the Biard of the 
Baptist Missionary Union. Several of his sermons 
have been published. 

A memorial volume of Dr. Bailey was published 
by J. W. T. Booth, D.D., of La Fayette, Ind., in 
1876. 

Bailey, Rev. Thomas M., was born in Grace- 
hill, County Antrim, Ireland, Dec 27, 1829; at- 
tended a Moravian school up to his fifteenth year, 
then went into business, in which he remained 
seven years, three of the seven in the city of Dul)- 
lin ; felt a strong desire of heart to preach the 
gospel in his sixteenth year. In his twenty-first 
year he was appointed by the Foreign Mission 
Board of the Moravian Church to foreign mission- 
ary work in the island of St. Thomas. Danish West 



^ -RAINBRIDGE 



6a- 



BAKER 



Indies. After a few months' service there he was 
prostrated with yellow fever ; becoming convales- 
cent, his physician ordered him to St. Croix for a 
change, and there his labors as a missionary were 
expended ; in the foreign field nearly four years ; 




REV. THOMAS M. B.A^ILEY. 

came to the United States in December, 1855 ; was 
baptized into the fellowship of the Gilgal Baptist 
church, in South Carolina, by Rev. E. F. Whatley, 
in the spring of 1856 ; remained in South Carolina 
two years, and then moved to Alabaina; has been 
a very useful pastor of various country and village 
churches until the year 1874, when he became State 
evangelist and corresponding secretary of the Ala- 
bama Baptist State Mission Board, — a position 
which he still holds with great distinction and 
with rare ability and efficiency. He is a man of 
all work, a good preacher, a fine speaker, with the 
most pleasant social qualities, and withal a most 
useful man. He has contributed largely to the 
development and efiiciency of the Baptists of Ala- 
bama. 

Bainbridge, Rev. W. F,, was born in Stock- 
bridge, N. Y., Jan. 15, 1843. He was baptized by 
his fiither. Rev. S. M. Bainbridge, at Wheatland, 
N. Y., March 27, 1853, at the early age of ten years. 
He entered Rochester University in the class which 
graduated in 1862. He then took the course of 
study in the Rochester Theological Institution, 
and was ordained in May, 1865, as pastor of the 
First Baptist church in Erie, Pa. During the three 
and a half years of his connection with the church 
in Erie he baptized 237 persons. During nine 



months of this pastorate Mr. Bainbridge made an 
extended foreign tour, embracing parts of Europe, 
Egypt, and Palestine. He decided to accept a call 
to the Central Baptist church in Providence, where 
the pulpit had been made vacant by the removal 




REV. W. F. BAINBRIDGE. 

of Rev. Heman Lincoln, D.D., to the Newton The- 
ological Institution. His ministry in Providence 
commenced -Jan. 1, 1869. During ten years of 
service Mr. Bainbridge's jninistry has been a suc- 
cessful one. He has received 460 new members, 
233 of whom he has baptized. It is his purpose to 
devote the coming two or three years to travel,, 
having in view especially a visit to the missionaiy 
stations of the diflPerent Christian denominations in> 
various parts of the world. 

Baker, Rev. A. F., was born in Owen Co., Ky.,. 
April 16, 1835. He joined the Dallasburg Baptist 
church in his native county in 1854, was ordained 
at Hodgenville, Ky., December, 1859, and called 
to the pastoral care of the Baptist church at Bards- 
town, Ky. While here he established the Bards- 
town Baptist Female Seminary, now one of the 
most flourishing schools in the State. He has since 
been pastor of several prominent churches in Ken- 
tucky. He was for a time co-editor of the Pro- 
phetic Key, a monthly magazine. He has labored 
much as an evangelist, and has conducted pro- 
tracted meetings in which several hundred persons 
have been approved for baptism. He is a strong 
preacher, a good pastor, and a man of tireless en- 
ergy. He is at present (1880) pastor of the church, 
at Owenton, Ky. 



BAKER 



BAKER 



Baker, Rev. Elijah, w<as born in the county of 
Lunenburjr, Va., in 1742, and born again and bap- 
tized in 1769. In 1773, in conjunction with one or 
two others, he organized the Boar Swatnp church 
in Henrico County ; he was the chief agent in 
forming churches in James City, Charles City, and 
York ; he established a church in Gloucester, at a 
place called Guinea; and on the Eastern Shore of 
Virginia, and in Maryland, he planted the first ten 
churches of our faith that worshiped God in those 
parts. He died Nov. 6, 1798. Mr. Baker was a 
good man, full of the Holy Spirit, and attended by 
extraordinary usefulness. He was imprisoned in 
Accomac jail for a considerable period. He was 
put on board a vessel as a disturber of the peace to 
be carried beyond the seas, and he was to pay for 
his passnge by performing the duties of a seaman, 
but the Lord opened the captain's eyes to see his 
character, and he sent him ashore. He died full 
of hope. 

Baker, Rev. J. C, is pastor of the Baptist 
church at Salem, the capital of Oregon. In 1875, 
having been for years a faithful pastor, and for 
some time a very efficient general missionary of the 
American Baptist Publication Society in the North- 
west, he was appointed to take charge of its Pacific 
Coast Depository, located at San Francisco. He 
traveled extensively, visiting most of the churches 
in California, Oregon, and Washington Territory ; 
moved to Salem, Oregon, in 1877 ; became pastor 
there; continued his work on behalf of the Publi- 
cation Society ; established The Beacon, the Bap- 
tist paper of Oregon ; and during all his residence 
on the Pacific coast has been active in organizing 
Sunday-schools ; is an admirable Sunday-school 
worker, a good preacher; earnest in mission work, 
effective in revivals, and influential in the councils. 
Associations, and conventions of the denominjition. 

Baker, Rev. John H., son of Elisha and Hen- 
rietta (Miner) Baker, born in Stonington, C(mn., 
Sept. 26, 1805; a student and lover of books; 
converted Sept. 26, 1822; united with the Bap- 
tist church in Stonington borough ; taught school ; 
entered Hamilton Seminary ; became an evangelist; 
labored with marked success in Eastern Connecti- 
cut and Western Rhode Island ; strong against in- 
temperance ; blessed with many revivals ; founded 
in 1839 the church in Charlestown, R. I. ; strength- 
ened many churches by his evangelistic efforts ; 
struck down by paralysis while carrying on a great 
work on Block Island, after he had baptized 98 ; 
died in East Greenwich, R. I., Jan. 16, 1869, in his 
sixty-fourth year. 

Baker, Dr. Joseph S., was born in Liberty 
Co., Ga., in 1798, of Presbyterian parents, and died 
at Quitman Co., Ga., in 1877. He was educated at 
Yale and at Hampden Sidney College, Va., where 
he Graduated in 1823. 



On leaving college he returned to Liberty Co., 
Ga., and engaged in farming and merchandising, 
having inherited considerable property. He was 
then, at the age of twenty-five, a member of the 
Presbyterian church near Riceborough, and placed 
himself under the care of the Presbytery with a 
view to entering the ministry at a session held with 
the Midway church in the fall of 1823. The Pres- 
bytery assigned him, as the subject of his first the- 
sis, " Was John's Baptism Christian Baptism ?" 
The investigation of the subject by him led to his 
adoption of Baptist views a few years later. He 
removed to Virginia in 1825, having sold all his 
property in Georgia. He graduated in the medical 
department of Columbian College, B. C, in 1828, 
and practiced medicine in Nottaway Co., Va., until 
1831, when he moved to Petersburg. There he 
united with the Baptists, waslicensed and ordained. 
He preached in Virginia at Petersburg, Norfolk, 
and other places, part of the time as a missionary, 
until 1839 or 1840, when he moved to Georgia and 
settled in Columbus. In 1843 he became editor of 
the Christian Index, and moved to Penfield, where 
the paper was then published. For six years he 
occupied the editorial chair with an ability so dis- 
tinguished, and with a pen so trenchant and pow- 
erful, evidencing at the same time so much of gen- 
uine piety and such a thorough acquaintance with 
Baptist doctrines and practices, that he acquired a 
denominational influence that expired only with 
his life. 

He resided for awhile with a son who was a law- 
yer at -Jacksonville, Fla., and mayor of the town. 
He then served the churches at Albany and Pal- 
myra, Ga., and -Jacksonville, Fla., until the war. 
During that struggle he preached to the soldiers as 
an evangelist. After the war he moved to Quit- 
man, Ga., where he resided until his death, in 1877. 
ripening more and more to the last fur the skies. 
Dr. Baker was a man of great natural abilities. 
He was a deep thinker, a perspicuous writer, and 
he did much to assist denominational progress in 
Georgia. He was a most decided Baptist. He had 
read much, was a fine scholar, and he was deeply 
versed in the polity and principles of all denomi- 
nations. An excellent preacher, he was a man of 
strong faith in divine providence, and bore the 
severe sufierings of his- last daye with great Chris- 
tian fortitude and resignation. For years he ex- 
erted a strong and healthy influence among the 
Georgia Baptists, and it was always employed in 
favor of sound doctrine and practical godliness. 

Baker, Samuel, D.D., distinguished for critical 
learning and extensive reading, was born in the 
county of Sussex, England, Oct. 2, 1812. He re- 
ceived an academic educationj and engaged in mer- 
cantile business in his native country.' In 1834 he 
emigrated to the United States and settled in Upper 



BALDWIN 



BALDWIN 



Alton, 111. Here he was licensed to preach, and 
immediately entered Shurtliif College as a student in 
both the literary and theological departments, and 
remained three years. In 1837 he was ordained 
at Alton, and soon afterwards took charge of Cape 
Girardeau church. Mo. He was pastor of the 
church at Shelbyville, Ky., from 1839 to 1841 ; at 
Russellville, Ky., from 1841 to 1846 ; at Ilopkins- 
ville, Ky., from 1846 to 1850; at the first church 
in Nashville, Tenn., from 1850 to 1853. From this 
time until 1S65 he was pastor of the First Baptist 
church in Williamsburg, N. Y. The next three 
years he was at the Wabash Avenue church in 
Chicago, 111.; next year he took charge of the 
church atEvansville, Ind. He then became pastor 
of the Herkimer Sti-eet Baptist church of Brook- 
lyn, N. Y. In 1872 he again located with the 
church at Russellville, Ky., where he still i-emains. 
Dr. Baker is a close student, has a splendid library, 
and but for an embarrassing defect in his enuncia- 
tion would be one of the leading orators in the 
Kentucky pulpit. He is well versed in ecclesiasti- 
cal history, and excels as a writer on that subject. 

Baldwin, Rev. Charles Jacob, son of George 
C. Baldwin, D.D., and Cynthia M. Baldwin, was 
born at Charleston, N. Y., Aug. 10, 1841. At the 
age of fourteen he was converted, and joined the 
First church, Troy, N. Y., of which his father was 
pastor. He entered Madison University, N. Y., in 
1859, but left during the Junior year to enter the 
army, in which he served as adjutant of the 157th 
Regiment N. Y. Vols., and on the staff of Brig.- 
Gen. Potter until the close of the war. AVhile in 
the service he received the rank of major from the 
governor of the State of New York. 

In 1868 he was graduated at Rochester Theologi- 
cal Seminary. He was ordained at Chelsea, Mass., 
as pastor of the First Baptist church, which he 
served from 1868 to 1872, when he resigned and 
visited Europe. On his return he became pastor 
of the First Baptist church of Rochester, where he 
now is. Mr. Baldwin is a good preacher and 
writer, and proves himself fully equal to the im- 
portant post he fills as pastor of one of the most 
cultivated congregations in the country. 

Baldwin, George C, D.D., vvas bom in Pomp- 
ton, N. J., Oct. 21, 1817. His early life was spent 
in the country until his parents removed to Pater- 
son. Here he was converted under the ministry 
of Rev. Z. Grenell, and united with the Baptist 
church of which he was pastor. Almost immedi- 
ately he felt a call to preach the gospel, and so 
urgent was it that he left his business and entered 
upon a course of study at Hamilton, N. Y., to fit 
himself for his sacred vocation, where he graduated 
in 1844. In the same year he accepted the call of 
the First Baptist church of Troy, where he still 
labors. 



He has been almost equally devoted to the pulpit 
and to pastoral duties. As a preacher he follows 
the textual method of sermonizing. His discourses 
are clear and cogent. His emotional nature is 
ardent, his judgment deliberate, and his practical 




GEORGE C. BALDWIN, D.D. 

sense supreme. His ministry has been very effec- 
tive in winning and in edifying souls. 

He has a preference for extended courses of lec- 
tures, which give room for variety and continuous 
treatment. Some of these series have been pub- 
lished, under the titles "Representative Women," 
" Representative Men," and " The Model Prayer." 
These have reached a large circulation. His habits 
of study are regular and unyielding, except to the 
pressure of an irresistible necessity, so that his 
preparations are always invested with freshness. 

He has seen the largest Baptist church in the 
State except one grow up under his care, and 
nearly an entire generation come and go under 
his ministry. It is his delight to be at every meet- 
ing of the church, minor or more important. A 
remarkable flexibility characterizes his methods : 
changes are as frequent as fluctuating circumstances 
demand. Nothing is permitted to grow obsolete. 
The young people are organized and active. The 
prayer-meetings are conducted with fresh and varied 
methods. 

His son, Charles J., after being pastor of the First 
church of Chelsea, Mass., has been settled over the 
First church of Rochester, N. Y., since 1874. 

Dr. Baldwin has a large heart, a blameless life, 
and a ministerial record seldom equaled, and only 
at distant intervals, if ever, surpassed. 



BALDWIN 



BALDWLY 



Baldwin, Rev. liloses, was born in Richmond 
Co., N. C, Dec. 4, 1825 ; was baptized in October, 
1845 ; graduated at Wake Forest College in 18.56 ; 
was ordained the same year, Rev. Drs. Harper, 
Wingate, McDowell, Walters, Skinner, and Brooks 
constituting the presbytory. Mr. Baldwin has 
served the churches of Hillsborough, Oxford, Mocks- 
ville, and a number of country churches, and has 
taught thirteen years and aided several young min- 
isters in securing an education. He now resides 
in Salem. 

Baldwin, Rev. Norman B., A.M., was born in 
New Milford, Litchfield Co., Conn., Aug. 23, 1824. 
His father, Rev. Daniel Baldwin, was an esteemed 
and higlily useful Baptist minister. He was edu- 
cated at Hamilton Literary and- Theological Insti- 
tution (now Madison University), from which he 
graduated in 1846. In October, 1846, he became 
pastor of the Baptist church at Monticello, Sullivan 
Co., N. Y. After a most prosperous settlement he 
accepted the unanimous call of the Bethcsda Bap- 
tist church, New York City, June 1, 1849, in which 
God greatly blessed him ; but disease compelled 
him to leave New York, and he accepted the call 
of the Second Southwark (now Calvary) Baptist 
church, Philadelphia, and entered on his labors 
Feb. 1, 1854. From this body he went out with a 
colony of 220 inembers and organized the Olivet 
Baptist church, Oct. 7, 1856. They built the fine 
edifice at the southeast corner of Sixth and Federal 
Streets. Extensive revivals, in which hundreds 
were converted and immersed, together with the 
other labors of his office, so impaired his health that 
in September, 1864, he closed his eleven years' 
pastorate in Philadelphia and retired to his farm, 
near Colmar, Montgomery Co., Pa. As his health 
soon began to improve he gave short periods of 
service to New Britain Baptist church, Bucks Co., 
Bristol church, and the Gwynedd Baptist church. 
In November, 1869, he entered upon his labors as 
pastor of the Montgomery church. For eleven 
years God's blessing has attended this union. He 
has baptized 500 persons during his ministry. 

Baldwin, Thomas, D.D., was born Dec. 23, 
1753, in Bozrah, Conn. As in many similar cases, 
it seems to have been the mother who left the im- 
press of a fine moral and intellectual character on 
her son. Early in life he developed a taste for 
books. It is an indication of the regard in which 
he was held by his fellow-townsmen that when 
comparatively a young man he was chosen to rep- 
resent the village of Canaan, N. H., to which he 
had removed, in the Legislature of the State. It 
was his purpose to fit himself for the legal profes- 
sion, and he commenced his studies to prepare to 
practice law. But the Master had another work 
for him to do. In 1780 he was brought to see his 
condition as a sinner, and to accept Christ as his 



personal Lord and Redeemer. He felt it his duty to 
leave the church in which he had been brought up 
and avow himself a Baptist. This he did at the 
sacrifice of personal feeling and the sundering of 
many a tie which bound him to old friends. The 




THO.MAS BALUUJN, D.D. 

step which he thus took was soon followed by an- 
other. He decided to spend his life in the work of 
winning souls to Christ, and building up the cause 
of him who had hj his grace brought him to the 
saving knowledge of the truth. In due time he 
was set apart to the work of the ministry by ordi- 
nation as an evangelist, and for seven years per- 
formed the duties of pastor of the Baptist church 
in Canaan. 

The Second Baptist church in Boston, known for 
so many years by the honored name of the " Bald- 
win Place church," now the " AVarren Avenue 
church," was destitute of a pastor. Such was the 
reputation of the laborious country minister of 
New Hampshire that he was sent for to preach to 
them. The result of this invitation was a call to 
become their minister, which was accepted. In 
the year 1791 not far from 70 were added to the 
church, and in 1803 commenced another revival, 
the fruit of which was an addition to the church 
of 212 persons. 

The labors of Dr. Baldwin were not confined to 
the ministry. In 1803 he took the editorial charge 
of the Massachusetts Baptist Magazine, and for 
fourteen years conducted that journal with an 
ability which made it an efficient aid in promoting 
the interests of the denomination. Until the time 
of his death he was its senior editor, receiving help 



BALEN 



64 



BALL 



when the pressure of other duties forced him to 
cease from its fall management. 

Amid all the demands made on him in the vari- 
ous directions to which we have referred, Dr. 
Baldwin found time to write and publish several 
controversial works, in which with great ability he 
vindicated the peculiar views of his denomination. 
Perhaps his ablest work of this character is one 
which he published in 1810, '" A Series of Letters," 
in which the distinguishing sentiments of the Bap- 
tists are explained and vindicated, in answer to a 
late publication by tiie Eev. Samuel Worcester, 
A.M., addressed to the author, entitled " Serious 
and Candid Letters." The work took so high a 
stand that Andrew Fuller declared it to be the 
ablest discussion of the matters in controversy that 
he had ever read. 

Dr. Baldwin went to Waterville in 1826. He 
spent the afternoon of the 2'Jth of August in look- 
ing over the college premises, and informing him- 
self respecting the internal workings of the insti- 
tution. During the succeeding night he uttered 
one deep gi-oan and entered into rest. It was for 
the good man almost a translation. From such a 
"sudden death" we liave no occasion to pray 
" Good Lord deliver us." 

It is not necessary to enumerate the honors that 
were conferred on Dr. Baldwin, or name the offices 
of trust and responsibility to which he was called. 
It is sufficient to say that the honors were as numer- 
ous as those which any other minister of the de- 
nomination has ever had conferred upon him, while 
the offices were of the highest respectability, and 
such as have been filled by our ablest and worthiest 
men. 

His publications were numerous. His contro- 
versial works have already been alluded to, some 
of which were acknowledged to be of the very al;lest 
character. Dr. Wayland says of him, " He retained 
to the last the entire confidence of men of most 
conflicting opinions, and even came off from the 
arena of theological controversy rich in the esteem 
of those whom his argument failed to convince. 
He was in the very front ranks of the distinguished 
ministers who have adorned their profession in con- 
nection with the denomination which he so faith- 
fully and for so many years served." He uniforinly, 
towards the close of life, left upon every one the- 
impression of old age in its loveliest and most in- 
teresting aspect, and Christianity in its mildest and 
most attractive exhibition. 

Balen, Deacon Peter, was born in Hacken- 
sack, N. -J., in 1804. He was often in vstraitened 
circumstances in early life ; but there, in his 
own home, he knelt and consecrated himself to 
God. He resolved that the Lord should have a 
portion of his earnings while yet he was making a 
poor living. On a certain occasion when he was 



sorely tempted by Satan to withdraw a subscrip- 
tion made to a benevolent object, he fought and 
overcame. He prospered in business, and has done 
an extensive wholesale trade. Churches in New 
York City and the benevolent societies have re- 
ceived large sums from him. Years ago he re- 
moved to Plainfield, where he is exerting a wide 
Christian influence. He has always been a Sun- 
day-school man, and as superintendent or teacher 
has led many to Christ. He is a studious searcher 
of the Scriptures, and has read the Bible through I 
many times. 

Ball, Rev. Eli, was born in Marlborough, Vt.. 
Nov. 2, 1786. Having removed to the city of 
Boston, Mass., when about nineteen, he was bap- 
tized there in the latter part of the year 1805. He 
preached his first sermon in that city in December, 
1807, and was licensed in the following July. While 
pursuing his studies under the Revs. Daniel Stan- 
ford and Caleb Blood, he preached for the church in 
Maiden, a few miles from Boston, for more than a 
year. Until the year 1823 he supplied successively 
the Baptist (jhurches in Harwich, Mass. ; Wilming- 
ton and Lansingburg, N. Y. ; and Middletown, 
Conn. In June, 1823, he visited Virginia, and in 
July became pastor of the church in Lynchburg. 
At the end of two years he removed to Henrico 
County, where for seven or eight years he labored 
with much success, preaching day and night, con- 
ducting Bible-classes, and instituting prayer-meet- 
ings, so that many were hopefully converted and 
added to the churches through his instrumentality. 
Besides his regular pastoral labors, a large amount 
of pulpit labor was bestowed upon other churches 
of the State at pi-otracted meetings, ordinations, 
etc. As an agent, too, Mr. Ball was greatly" suc- 
cessful, in which capacity he served the Bible So- 
ciety of Virginia, the Baptist General Association, 
and especially the Foreign Mission Board of the 
Southern Baptist Convention, in the State of Geor- 
gia. For a short time he was also a professor in 
the Baptist seminary (Richmond College), and also 
editor of the Belif/ious Herald. He served as 
agent for the Columbian College, and during two 
visits to South Carolina and Georgia secured 15000. 
His labors in behalf of temperance were also re- 
markably successful. His deep interest in the for- 
eign mission cause led him in 1828 to make a visit to 
the coast of Africa, to examine the condition of tiie 
Liherian Mission, during which visit he gathered 
a mass of information with respect to the work 
there, which was of great service to the board. 
After prosecuting his agency for a year after his 
return, he was prepai-ing to visit Africa a second 
time, when he was attacked by disease, and died 
in Richmond, July 21, 1853. Few men have been 
more diligent and active in Christian labors than 
Mr. Ball. These were crowned with abundant 



BALL 



BAKES 



success; up to 1849 he had baptized 914 persons, 
and had been the means, doubtless, of the conver- 
sion of very many more. Ilis loss was keenly 
mourned and deeply felt. "Doubtless," says his 
biographer, " Eli Ball will long be remembered by 
Virginia Baptists as one of their soundest, best, 
and most useful proclaimers of the glorious gospel." 

Ball, Rev. Lewis, an active and efficient minis- 
ter in Northwestern Mississippi, was born in South 
Carolina in 1820, came to Mississippi and began to 
preach in 1844. His abundant labors have greatly 
advanced the cause of truth. By his labors the 
Sunflower Association was established. He was a 
colonel in the Confederate army. 

Ball, Rev. Martin, an early Baptist preacher 
in North Mississippi, was born in South Carolina 
in 1809. He came to Mississippi as a preacher in 
1845, and until the time of his death, 18o9, ex- 
erted a wide influence in the northern part of the 
State. He was successful as an evangelist, as a 
presiding officer, and especially as a peace-maker. 

Baltimore, Eutaw Place Baptist Church, of. 
— 'I'he edifice of this church was completed early 
in 1871. The material is white marble. It is 75 
feet wide and 100 feet deep. The spire is 190 feet 
high. The house and lot, counting the cash value 
of the site, which was donated, cost 8122,000. The 
structure was reared for a colony brought by the 
late Dr. Richard Fuller from the Seventh Baptist 
church, of which he was pastor till his death. The 
church is one of the most beautiful and commodious 
in Baltimore. 

Bampfield, Rev. Francis, M.A. — Francis 

Bampfield descended from a distinguished femily 
in Devonshire, England. He was born in 1615. 
In his sixteenth year he became a student of Wad- 
ham College, Oxford. He was at the university 
about seven years, and left it with talents and cul- 
ture of a high order. He was ordained deacon and 
presbyter by Bishops Ilall and Skinner. His first 
settlement was in a parish in Dorsetshire, where 
lie spent his entire income from the church in 
Bibles and religious books for the poor, and in 
providing work for them, and in giving alms to 
those who could not labor. He removed to Sher- 
borne, in the same county, to become the parish 
minister, after a short stay with his first charge, 
and he remained at Sherborne till ejected, in 1662, 
by the act ofMvniformity. Before he removed to 
Sherborne he became a Puritan, and he grew in 
knowledge till he became a Baptist. For some 
time after he became an advocate of an extensive 
reformation in the church; he still continued, to 
tiie great astonishment of all his religious friends, 
an earnest advocate of the cause of Charles I. and 
a decided enemy of the Parliament; he even hesi- 
tated for a time to pay taxes levied by the legis- 
lature. In process of time his opinions changed, 



for we find him among the Triers appointed by 
Cromwell to secure pious ministers for the church 
and the removal of unworthy men from it. His 
family, too, seem to have changed their political 
course, for his brother, Thomas Bampfield, Esq., 
was the speaker of one of Oliver Cromwell's Par- 
liaments. 

Francis Bampfield was, above all things, a living 
servant of Jesus; the frowns and smiles of men 
were vainly used to turn him from his Master. 
Worldly losses and bodily sufi'erings appeared to 
him as trifles compared to the supreme felicity of 
a cimscience void of ofl"ense before God. 

After he resigned his living he began preaching 
in his own house at Sherborne, and not quite a 
month after the Act of Uniformity went into oper- 
ation, while he was holding a religious service, he 
and twenty-six others of those who were present 
were carried to prison, where they were kept in 
one room with but a single bed. They were, how- 
ever, soon released on bail. Not long after he was 
again put in jail in Dorchester, and kept there for 
nine years. In this prison he preached almost 
daily, and was enabled to gather a church within 
its walls. 

He founded a church in Pinner's Hall, in Lon- 
don, on the 5th of March, 1675, to which he 
preached as often as he was out of jail during sea- 
sons of worship till he died. He departed for the 
eternal rest from the prison of Newgate, Feb. 16, 
1683. He died at last from the injury inflicted on 
his health by his prolonged imprisonments. 

Mr. Bampfield was a scholarly man, and '' one 
of the most celebrated preachers in the west of 
England." He was a giant in defense of the truth, 
and a devout man full of the Holy Spirit. He 
belonged to the Seventh-Day Baptists. 

Bancroft, Rev. Samuel, was born in 1789 in 
Annapolis Co., Nova Scotia. He was converted 
when young, and baptized by Rev. Thomas Ains- 
lie. He was ordained in 1828, at Westport, Nova 
Scotia, and removed to New Brunswick in 1831, 
where his pastoral and missionary labors were very 
successful. His life was a ministry of goodness. 
He died Jan. 1, 1876. 

Banes, Col. Charles H., "was born in Philadel- 
phia, Pa., Oct. 24, 1831. His education was liberal, 
and his thirst for knowledge has led to the acquisition 
of a valuable library, and of an extensive amount 
of information upon all questions that interest 
Christians and men of culture. He was engaged 
in mercantile pursuits until the commencement 
of the late war, when he gave up the prospects of 
financial success for the perils of the battle-field and 
the protection of our national flag. He entered 
the service as a captain of infantry in August, 
1861. At Fredericksburg, in December, 1862, he 
was promoted to be assistant adjutant-general. 




EUTAW PLACE BAPTIST CHURCH, BALTIMORE. 



BAKES 



07 



BANVARD 



lie was brevetted major, July, 1863, " for gallant 
and meritorious services" at Gettysbui-g. In May, 
1864, he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for the 
same reasons. At Cold Harbor, in June, 1864, he 
received a painful and dangerous wound, which 
confined him to a couch of helplessness and suffer- 
ing for months, and from the effects of which he 
can never recover. His last battle compelled his 
retirement from the army, in which his skill and 
bravery had been so conspicuously exhibited. 

As soon as returning strength permitted he en- 
tered business once more ; and now the firm of 




COL. CHARLES H. BANES. 

which he is a prominent and active member owns 
one of the most extensive and prosperou.s manu- 
facturing establishments in their branch of industry 
in the United States. 

Col. Banes wrote a history of the Philadelphia 
Brigade, for which his scholarly tastes, exact in- 
formation, and personal experiences gave him emi- 
nent qualifications. The work has been deservedly 
and highly commended, and has taken a creditable 
place in the literature of our Great Struggle. 

Col. Banes is an untiring worker in various sci- 
entific, benevolent, and religious organizations, 
and though the last man to seek prominence in 
anything, his friends will push him forward as 
trustee of the Franklin Institute, president of the 
Baptist Social Union, of the Baptist City Mission, 
and of other kindred enterprises. At the last Con- 
gressional election in his district his political and 
other friends placed him before the people as a 
candidate for the House of Representatives, and 



his popular name secured some twelve hundred 
more votes than his predecessor in a similar strug- 
gle obtained two years before. 

The generous gifts of Col. Banes have alreaily 
removed heavy church del)ts and gladdened labor- 
ers in other benevolent fields. 

Courteous, cultured, and Christian, his brethren 
love him, and wish that his spirit might seize everv 
Baptist in America. 

Banvard, Joseph, D.D., was born in the city 
of New York, May 9, 1810. On his father's side 
he was descended from the French Huguenots, and 
on his mother's from the early settlers of New 




JOSEPH BANVARD, D.D. 

England. His parents being members of the Mora- 
vian Church he was brought up under its influence. 
He was converted through the instrumentality of 
the late Rev. Dr. Charles G. Sommers, and united 
with the church of which he was the pastor in 
New York. He received his preparatory education 
at the South Reading Academy, and then pursued 
the full course of study at the Newton Theological 
Institution. He graduated from Newton in the 
class of 1835, and a few days after was ordained 
pastor of the Second, now the Central Baptist, 
church in Salem, Mass. While conscientiously 
performing his ministerial duties Dr. Banvard has 
found time to gratify his love for history and the 
natural sciences. He has been honored on account 
of his attainments in the departments referred to 
by having been chosen an honorary member of the 
Boston Society of Natural History, and of the His- 
torical Society of Wisconsin. He was at one time 
vice-president of the Worcester Co., Mass., Natural 



BAPTISM 



BAPTJUM 



History Society, and president of the Historical 
Society of Passaic Co., N. J. 

The pastorates of Dr. Banvard have been as fol- 
lows. He remained in Salem eleven years, 1835- 
46, and then accepted a call to the Harvard Street 
church in Boston, where he continued five years, 
1846-51. He then became pastor of the church in 
West Cambridge, vs'here, during his ministry, a 
new and attractive house of worship was built. 
He was pastor of this church two years, 1851-53, 
and then took up his residence in New York as 
pastor of the Cannon Street church. Here he re- 
mained three years, 1853-56, and then returned to 
New England to take charge of the First Baptist 
church in Pawtucket, R. I. This position he held 
for five years, 1856-61, and then went to Worcester, 
Mass., where he was pastor of the Main Street 
church five years, 1861-66. He was then chosen 
president of the National Theological Institute, 
District of Columbia, for the education of colored 
teachers and preachers. When this work was as- 
sumed by the American Baptist Home Mission So- 
ciety he resigned, and accepted a call to the pas- 
torate of the First Baptist chui-eb, in Paterson, 
N. J., where he remained ten years, 1866-76. Re- 
signing his pastorate in Paterson he returned once 
more to New England, and became pastor of the 
church in Neponset, Mass. Dr. Banvard received 
the honorary degree of A.M. from Columbian Col- 
lege, Washington, D. C, and the degree of Doctor 
of Divinity from Shurtleff College, Upper Alton, 
111. Among the productions of his pen are several 
series of Sunday-school question books, a series of 
eight volumes on natural history, five volumes on 
American history, " Priscilla, or Trials for the 
Truth," and two hymn-books. The present resi- 
dence (1878) of Dr. Banvard is Neponset, Mass. 

Baptism a Breach of the Sixth and Seventh 

Commandments. — Few men have done more than 
Richard Baxter to serve the Redeemer's kingdom. 
In his own day his name was a tower of strength. 
Against our brethren he wielded all his immense 
influence with untiring energy, and with the gross- 
est misrepresentations. He says, — 

" That which is a plain breach of the sixth com- 
mandment, ' Thou shalt not kill,^ is no ordinance of 
God, but a most heinous sin ; but the ordinary 
practice of baptizing by dipping over head in cold 
water, as necessary, is a plain breach of the sixth 
commandment ; therefore it is no ordinance of God, 
but an heinous sin. And as Mr. Craddock, in his 
book of ' Gospel Liberty,' shows, the magistrate 
ought to restrain it, to save the lives of his sulijects ; 
even on their principles, that will yet allow the 
magistrate no power directly in matters of worship. 
That this is flat murder, and no better, being ordi- 
narily and generally used, is undesirable to any 
understanding man. For that which directly tend- 



eth to overthrow men's lives, being wilfully used, 
is plain murder." He then proceeds to prove that 
our fathers violated the seventh commandment, 
" Thou shalt not commit adulteri/y " My seventh 
argument is also against another wickedness in their 
manner of baptizing, which is their dipping per- 
sons naked, as is very usual with many of them ; 
or next to naked,* as is usual with the modestest, 
that I have heard of." There is not a solitary case 
on record among the English Baptists of baptism 
in a state of nudity. Nor is there a single instance 
in the history of the Christian Church, even during 
the first twelve centuries, when immersion was uni- 
versal, of injury to any one by baptismal dipping. 

The misi-epresentations of men like Mr. Baxter 
had so much weight in England that the Rev. 
Samuel Gates was tried on the charge of murder 
at Chelmsford, in 1646, the victim of his supposed 
crime being Anne Martin, wh(mi he baptized some 
time before her death. But Mr. Oatesf had an in- 
telligent jury, and he was acquitted. Against the 
slanders of hosts of men, many of them persons 
of great piety and of extensive reputation, our 
honored fathers had to contend ; and they have 
lived and even triumphed in the furnace filled with 
such unholy flames. 

Baptism of Ten Thousand English.— England 
received its name from the Angles, who, with the 
Saxons, came to that country in the middle of the 
fifth century; the country previous to their con- 
quest was called Britain. Its ancient inhabitants 
were Christians from the end of the second century. 
The Anglo-Saxons were savage pagans, who de- 
stroyed the Britons, or drove them into Wales and 
Cornwall, and removed every trace of Christianity. 
In 596 a mission came to convert the idolatrous 
English, from Rome, led by Augustine, a monk, and 
in 597, 10,000 of them were baptized in one day in 
the Swale ; this stream is not the Yorkshire River 
of the same nume; it flows between the Isle of 
Sheppy, in Kent, and the mainland, and its two 
extremities are now called East and West Swale. 
It extends for 12 miles, and is navigable for vessels 
of 200 tons burden. The East Swale is 9 miles 
from Canterbury, the seat of Augustine's mission, 
and on that account, ever since, the see of the 
chief prelate of the English Church. (Cathcart's 
" Baptism of the Ages," pp. 22. Publication So- 
ciety, Philadelphia.) 

Gocelin, a monk of Cantei-bury, in the eleventh 
century, with the ancient "Chronicles of Kent" 
before him, two of which were collated by him in 
his " Life of St. Augustine," says, — 

"More than 10,000 of the English were born 
again in the laver of holy baptism, with an infinite 



* Baxter's " Plain Scripture Proof," pp. 134-36. 

t Crosby's " History of tlie Euglish Baptists." Preface, 34^36. 



BAPTISM 



BAPTISM 



number of women and children, in a river which 
the English call Sirarios, the Swale, as if at one 
birth of the church, and from one womb. These 
persons, at the command of the teacher, as if he 
were an angel from heaven calling upon them, all 
entered the dangerous depth of the river [minacem 
fluminis j)rofunditatem) two and two together, as 
if it had been a solid plain ; and in the true faith, 
confessing the exalted Trinity, they were baptized 
one by the other in turns, the apostolic leader 
blessing the water. So great a progeny for heaven 
horn out of a deep lohirlpooV [de profunda gurgite 
nasceretur). (Vita Sanct. August. Patrol. Lat., vol. 
Ixxx. pp. 79, 80, migne Parisiis.) This was the 
first baptism among the people, whose new country, 
after a portion of them, was called England ; the 
mode of the baptism in- the Swale was clearly im- 
mersion. 

Baptism, The Scriptural Mode of.— The form 

of a ceremony is essential to its existence. A cere- 
mony teaches truth, not by direct statements, but 
by material symbols ; and if the figures are changed 
you alter their teaching. Bread was used by the 
Saviour to represent his body, because it is the 
chief part of the food of all nations, and, prob- 
ably, because the grain of which it is made was 
"peeled by the flail, heated intensely by the kiln, 
ground by the millstones, and baked in the oven." 
This figure teaches that through intense suflferings 
Jesus becomes the soul food of all believers. The 
cup of the Lord's Supper contains wine made by 
the crushing of grapes. These two symliols teach 
most powerfully that a bruised and wounded Sa- 
viour is the bread of life to all believers. Substi- 
tute fish and vegetables for bread and wine and 
the teaching of the ordinance is gone ; or take away 
either the bread or the cup and you destroy the 
most sacred of ceremonial institutions. The cere- 
mony of hand-shaking loses all its symbolical teach- 
ing by a change in its form. When you extend 
your open hand to an acquaintance, if he were to 
place his closed fist in it there would be no friendly 
grasp there, and while two hands met the ceremony 
would look more like fighting on the part of one than 
familiar greeting. A ceremonial ordinance teaches 
by form, and if you change the form you mar or 
destroy the instruction. In the Scriptures baptism 
is immersion in water. The mode is fixed for all 
time. No authority out of heaven can change it. 
One Lord, one faith, and one baptism. Any change 
in this ceremonial institution destroys it. 

Baptism is intended to show that we are dead 
and buried with Christ, and that we have risen to 
a regenerated life: " Therefore we are buried with 
him hy baptism into death: that like as Christ 
was raised up from the dead by the glory of the 
Father, even so we also should walk in newness of 
life." — Rom. vi. 4. " Buried with him in baptism, 



wherein also ye are risen with him through the 
faith of the operation of God." — Col. ii. 12. In 
immersion a man is covered over , as if he were in 
his grave ; there can be no breathing, except for a 
second, as if the man were dead ; he rises up out 
of the water as if he were ascending from the 
grave. Immersion shows all this. Do sprinkling 
and pouring cover over a man as if he were buried? 
or stop his breathing as if he were dead? or raise 
him up as if he were coming out of a grave? Our 
Pedobaptist brethren sometimes playfully tell us 
that our differences about baptism simply relate to 
the quantity of water, we want more and they de- 
sire less. This statement is a serious mistake, 
Novatian, in the third century, when he supposed 
he was dying, thinking that he could not bear to 
be dipped, had water "poured around" him until 
he was saturated with it. He was probably as wet 
as if he had been dipped three times in water, ac- 
cording to the custom of that day,, but he was not 
buried by baptism, his breath was not stopped for 
a moment under the water as if he were dead, he 
did not rise out of the water as if he were rising 
out of a grave. Novatian had not Christian bap- 
tism, as Eusebius* gravely hints. He gives us the 
first living example of pouring in bajitism, which 
had, perhaps, not fifty imitators for six centuries 
afterwards. It is not the quantity of water used 
in baptism that makes it scriptural or the reverse. 
If a stream of water had been poured on Nova- 
tian which ran away and formed a river, he would 
not have been buried or covered over by baptism, 
nor would his baptism have resembled death and 
the resurrection. The Roman Catholic eai-dinal 
Pullus, in the middle of the twelfth century, thus 
beautifully and truly describes baptism: "Whilst 
the candidate for baptism in water is immersed the 
death of Christ is suggested ; whilst immersed, and 
covered with water, the burial of Christ is shown 
forth ; whilst he is raised from the waters, the 
resurrection of Christ is proclaimed."! Anything 
assuming to be baptism which does not cover the 
baptized with water, and lift him out of the water, 
as if raising him from the dead, is a fraudulent 
ceremony destitute of any divine sanction ; immer- 
sion was the baptismal burial of Paul, and the cus- 
tom of all Christian countries during the first 
twelve centuries of our era. 

Jesus was baptized in the river Jordan, " out of 
the water of which he went up straightway" (Matt, 
iii. 16) when the Spirit of God descended upon 
him like a dove. Of John the Baptist it is said, 
" Then went out to him Jerusalem, and all Judea, 
and all the region round about Jordan, and were 
baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins." 



* Eccles. Hist., vi. 4.3. 

t Patrol. Lat., vol. 150, p. 315, migne Parisiis. 



BAPTISM 



70 



BAPTISM 



— Matt. iii. 5. These baptisins in Jordan were im- 
mersions. If we read that twenty persons were 
baptized in the James River at Lynchburg, no one 
in the full use of his mental fticulties would doubt 
their immersion. When it is said, " John also was 
baptizing in Enon, near to Salim, because there was 
much water there," — John iii. 23, — the inference 
cannot be resisted that they were immersed. 

The Saviour speaking of his sufferings says, " I 
have a baptism to be baptized with ; and how am I 
straitened till it be accomplished !" — Luke xii. 50. 
This was not his baptism in water, that had taken 
place some time ago ; nor yet his baptism of the 
Spirit, that he already enjoyed. This verse refers 
to his dreadful sufferings. He was to be plunged 
in agonies and covered completely by them. This 
is the most fitting figure ever employed to describe 
them. The Saviour's brow in his atoning sorrows 
w^as not sprinkled with pains, his face had not a 
few drops of anguish poured upon it, his whole 
SDul and body were completehj covered with the 
sufferings of atonement. He was immersed in woe, 
as the believer is in the waters of baptism. 

When Paul was converted to God Ananias was 
sent by Jehovah to him, and he said, " And now 
why tarriest thou? Arise and be baptized, and 
wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the 
Lord Jesus." Baptism according to Ananias, fresh 
from God, is a figure of the washing away of sins. 
This washing is not applied to the face or the 
brow of the spirit, the whole soul is washed, and 
its sins are all removed. As the washing of the 
soul from its guilt leaves not a speck of it un- 
cleansed, the figure of this washing must be a com- 
plete submersion of the whole body in water. 

Luther* says, " Baptism is a G reek word ; in Latin 
it can be translated immersion, as when we plunge 
something into water that it may be completely covered 
with watery Calvin, after declaring tliat the mode 
of baptism is indifferent, says, "The very word 
baptize, liowever, signijies to immerse; and it is 
certain that immersion was observed by the ancient 
churchy^ Li the first liturgy made for the Episco- 
pal Cliurch in the reign of Edward VL, 1549, the 
priest is enjoined, after naming the child, to " dip it 
in the water thrice. First dipping the right side; 
second, the left side; the third time dipping the face 
toward the font; so it be discreetly and warily 
done. "J Then weak children are permitted the use 
of pouring. John Wesley writes in his Journal, 
wliile he was on a visit to Georgia, in 1736 : " Satur- 
day, Feb. 21st. — Mary Welsh, aged eleven days, was 
baptized according to the custom of the first church, 



* Opera Lutheri, De Sacram. Bapt., i., p. 319, 1564. 
t Instit. Christ. Eelig., lib. iv., cap. 15, sec. 19, p. 644, London, 
1576. 

X The Two Liturgies, p. 111-12, Parker Society. 



and the rule of the Cliurch of England, by immer- 
siony^ By the testimony of the modern scholar- 
ship of the world the Greek word translated baptize 
means to immerse. This is its use in the New 
Testament. This was the practice of Christendom 
for twelve centuries after Christ. || And when 
immersion is not conferred in baptism the candidate 
for the rite is not baptized. 

Baptism, the Scriptural Subjects of,— It is 

common for nations to confer favors upon their 
own subjects, and upon their friends. It would be 
a singular and very unwise procedure for any great 
state to bestow special privileges upon those who 
are not its friends, and who without a radical 
change of heart never can be. Baptism is an ex- 
alted honor; infants are not the friends of Chrisfs 
kingdom, and they never will be unless they are 
born of the Spirit of God. Baptism has no tend- 
ency to produce a new heart, and its bestowal 
upon unconscious infants is a senseless and unwise 
aljuse of a blessed ordinance intended only for the 
Saviour's friends. 

The Scriptures know nothing of any baptism for 
unconscious infants. The commission of Jesus to 
preach and baptize is given in Matt, xxviii. 19: 
" Go ye therefore and teach all nations, baptizing 
them in the name oif the Father, and of the Son, 
and of the Holy Spirit." The lessons to be given 
the nations are on the love of God in giving Jesus, 
his atoning merits and mercies, his precious prom- 
ises, solemn warnings, and final judgment, and on 
the power of faith in Jesus to appropriate him and 
all his spiritual wealth. Infants cannot receive 
such lessons; they were not intended for uncon- 
scious babes. It would be an outrage on common 
sense to try to teach the multiplication table to a 
babe of a week or a month old, and a far greater 
absurdity to command the profound teachings of 
Calvary to be imparted to little ones who do not 
understand one word of any language. The com- 
mission is a command to instruct those in all na- 
tions who are capable of understanding it, and to 
baptize them -when taught. The verb "^ teach" is 
"make disciples," the pronoun "them" is instead 
of the noun " disciples," — to baptize them is to im- 
merse disciples. And this is further confirmed by 
what the Saviour adds, " Teaching them to observe 
all things whatsoever I have commanded you." 
The persons to be baptized are first to be made dis- 
ciples by repentance and faith ; then they are to 
receive immersion, and immediately after they are 
to have full instruction in all the inspired Avords 
of Jesus. The commission commands the baptism 
not of unconscious infants, but of believers only. 

On the day of Pentecost 3000 persons were bap- 



I Wesley's Works, i., 130, Phila., 1 826. 

II Cathcart's Baptism of the Ages, Baptist Pub. Society, Phila 



BAPTISM 



BAPTIST 



tized, of whom it is written, " Then they that 
gladly received his word were baptized, and the 
same day there were added unto them about three 
thousand souls." — Acts ii. 41. No unconscious babe 
received " the word gladly." These persons were 
believers. When the evangelist, Philip, told the 
story of the cross in Samaria, " They 'believed 
Philip preaching the things concerning the king- 
dom of God and the name of Jesus Christ, and they 
were baptized both men and women." — -Acts viii. 
12. Philip's converts were all professed believ- 
ers, and these only were baptized. The eunuch 
claimed to lie a disciple before he was baptized. 
Paul was a believer before Ananias immersed him. 
— Acts xxii. 16. Of Cornelius and his household 
it is said that he was " a devout man, and one that 
feared God loith all his house.'" " Then answered 
Peter. ' Can any man forbid water, that these should 
not be baptized, who have received the Holy Spirit 
as well as we?" And he commanded them to be 
baptized in the name of the Lord." — Acts x. 2, 24, 
47, 48. This devout household that had received 
tlie Holy Spirit and baptism was a believing family, 
and the " kinsmen and near friends of Cornelius, " 
who shared in his privileges, were believers. Of 
Lydia it is said that " the Lord opened her heart, 
that she attended unto the things which were 
spoken of Paul," and she was *• baptized, and her 
household." — Acts xvi. 14, 15. Nothing is said 
about tiie persons composing her household. But 
if her heart was opened by the Lord her family 
needed the same blessing; as for her family being 
baptized on her faith, the writer of the Acts gives no 
hint of it; he does not say she had children or a 
husband, or that husband and children and servants 
were baptized on her faith. She was a visitor on 
business at Philippi, apparently without husband or 
children, and there is no evidence that any infant 
received baptism in her household. Of the jailer 
at Philippi, it is said that Paul and Silas " spake 
unto him the word of the Lord, and to all that ivere 
in his house" and that "he was baptized, he and 
all his. straightway," and that " he rejoiced, believ- 
ing in God with all his house." — Acts xvi. 32, 33, 
34. Among these hearers of the Word who were 
rejoicing believers there was no unconscious infant. 
If the household of Crispus was baptized, it is said 
that " he believed on the Lord with all his house," 
and in this supposed baptism the subjects were be- 
lievers. Of the twelve men who had only John's 
baptism, whom Paul met at Ephesus, and whom 
he is supposed to have rebaptized, — Acts xix. 2, — it 
cannot be said that there was an unconscious infant 
among them. Nor could there be in the household 
of Stephanas, baptized by Paul, and of whom he 
says, that " they addicted themselves to the ministry 
of the saints." — 1 Cor. xvi. 15. John's baptism 
was precisely the same as Christ's, as Calvin (In- 



stitutes, lib. iv., cap. 15, sec. 7) and others teach, 
and of it Mark says, " John did baptize in the 
wilderness, and preach the baptism of repentance 
for the remission of sins. And there went out unto 
him all the land of Judea, and they of Jerusalem, 
and were all baptized of him in the river Jordan, 
confessing their sins." — Mark i. 4, 5. No uncon- 
scious infant confessed its sins in these Jordan im- 
mersions. The apostle John gives the Saviour's 
exact idea of the qualifications for baptism when 
he says, "When therefore the Lord knew how the 
Pharisees had heard that Jesus made and baptized 
more disciples than John." — -John iv. 1. This is 
the Saviour's law of baptism, — 7nake disciples, then 
baptize them : "Go ye and teach all nations (make 
disciples of all nations), baptizing them in the 
name," etc. This was the uniform practice of the 
apostles, to which there are no exceptions. There 
is not an instance of infant baptism in the New 
Testament, nor is there any command enjoining it. 
It has no more scriptural foundation than the in- 
fallibility of the Pope, or the inspiration of the 
"Book of Mormon." Neander writes with au- 
thoi'ity M'hen he says, "Baptism, at first, was ad- 
ministered only to adults, as men were accustOTiied 
to conceive baptism and faith as strictly connected. 
We have all reason for not deriving infant baptism 
from apostolic institution." There is but one New 
Testament scripture which can be used to counte- 
nance infant baptism : " Submit yourself to every 
ordinance of man for the Lord's sake," — 1 Peter ii. 
13, — but unfortunately the same scripture requires 
submission to every enormity instituted by earthly 
governments. 

Baptist, Rev. Ed'wrard, Sr., D.D., 1790- 
1863, was born in Mecklenburg Co., Va., May 12, 
1790; becoming a Christian at the age of eighteen, 
he united with the Presbyterian Church, of which 
his mother was a member, his father being an 
Episcopalian. He graduated in Hampden Sidney 
College with a view to the practice of medicine. 
He became dissatisfied with his ecclesiastical rela- 
tions, and on a thorough investigation of the sub- 
ject of baptism, united with the Baptists, and was 
baptized by the Rev. Richard Dobbs. Realizing 
that God had called him to the gospel ministry, 
he returned to Hampden Sidney, and graduated in 
the course of theology under the celebrated Dr. 
Hoge ; and in 1815, at the age of twenty-five, he 
was set apart by ordination to his iiigh calling, 
and settled in Powhatan County ; was married 
to Miss Eliza J. C. Eggleston, who survived him : 
built up several strong churches in Virginia; held 
an influence among the Baptists of tliat State 
second to no man in his day ; was the prime mover 
in the origination of the General Association in 
1822, and drafted its constitution. He was also 
the originator of the Baptist Educational Society 



BAPTIST 



BAPTISTERY 



and Seminary of that State, and by appointment 
instructed a number of young men who were 
studying for the ministry. Being a preacher of 
great ability, piety, and eloquence, a revival began 
under his ministry which extended over a large 
part of the State, and joyously affected the churches 
in the city of Richmond. After a brilliant minis- 
try of twenty years in Virginia, he moved to Ala- 
bama in 1835, settling in Marengo County, where 
he remained to his death. In his new field he 
again planted and established several strong 
churches, among a wealthy and liberal people. 
One of them was at Uniontown, where he was 
many yeai-s pastor. He took an active part in the 
Baptist Convention of this State, and in all our 
denominational schools and enterprises. He re- 
ceived several calls to large city churches, which 
he declined, believing that a country pastorate 
suited his frail health better. He wrote exten- 
sively for the Religious Herald and other Christian 
papers; held honorable contests in the public 
prints with Alexander Campbell and Dr. John L. 
Rice. A series of thirty letters published in the 
Religious Herald was subsequently put in book- 
form. A volume of his sermons was in the hands 
of the Southern Baptist Publication Society at 
Charleston for publication, but with much other" 
valuable Baptist literature it was destroyed in the 
late war. Dr. Baptist died at his residence in 
Marengo Co., Ala., March 31, 1863, having lived 
in that State twenty-eight years. He was always 
in comfortable worldly circumstances ; reared a 
charming family. His son. Rev. Edward Baptist, 
Jr., is now a distinguished minister in Virginia. 
Dr. Baptist was a devout, zealous, happy, Chris- 
tian gentleman. 

Baptist General Convention for Missionary 
Purposes. See Triennial Convention. 

Baptist Pioneers in Religious Enterprise.— 
Through Roger Williams they founded the first 
government on earth where absolute religious lib- 
erty was established. Through the protracted labors 
of the Rev. John Canne they placed marginal ref- 
erences in the English Bible. (Neal's " History of 
the Puritans," ii. 50. Dublin, 1755.) Through Dr. 
William Carey they gave modern missions to the 
pious regards and efforts of Christians in all lands. 
Through the Rev. -Joseph Hughes, of London, on 
May 4, 1804, they established the British and For- 
eign Bible Society, and in it every kindred institu- 
tion on earth. (Ivimey's " History of the English 
Baptists," ii. 93.) For their numbers Baptists have 
sliown an extraordinary measure of holy enterprise. 

Baptist Weekly, The, is a quarto journal, de- 
voted, as its name indicates, to the promotion of 
Christianity as held by the Baptists. The Chris- 
tian Contributor and the Western Christian were 
purchased by the American Baptist Free Mission 



Society, and they were united, and received the 
name of the American Baptist, Rev. Warham 
Walker, editor. The paper, with the headquarters 
of the society, was located at Utica, N. Y., until 
1857, when it was removed to the city of New 
York. ^Ir. Walker was assisted for a year by the 
well-known Rev. Nathan Brown, D.D., a returned 
missionary from Assam, after which Dr. Brown 
was appointed editor, assisted by Rev. John Duer, 
of Massachusetts, and he remained in the position 
till 1872, when he resigned to accept an appoint- 
ment from the American Baptist Missionary Union 
as missionary to Japan. The paper under Dr. 
Brown was opposed to slavery, all secret societies, 
and the honorary titles of clergymen. 

In Jlay, 1872, A. L. Patton, D.D., purchased the 
paper, changed it from a folio to a quarto, enlarged 
it, and improved it in many respects. Its special- 
ties were dropped, and it entered on a vigoi'ous ad- 
vocacy of all the great interests of the Baptist 
denomination. It earnestly maintains the distinc- 
tive principles and practices of the Baptists. It is 
eminently conservative, patient with those who 
differ from it, conciliatory to those who strike out 
on "new departures" in matters not essential to 
purity of life or evangelical teaching. It is emi- 
nently a peace-maker in Zion. Dr. Patton and 
Dr. Middleditch make an admirable paper, whose 
weekly visits are welcomed by a large number of 
subscribers. 

Baptistery, an Ancient Roman and a Mod- 
ern.— The Rev. Dr. A. J. Rowland, of Philadel- 
phia, gives the following account of a celebrated 
baptistery in Rome : 

'' I visited it on Sunday afternoon, Sept. 24, 1870 ; 
the building is octagonal in form, and stands a lit- 
tle distance from the fine old church of St. John 
de Lateran, which gives it its name (and for the 
use of which it was appropriated). One is struck 
with the antiquity of its appearance, and is not 
surprised to learn from the guide that it dates back 
to the time of Constantino. The building is about 
50 feet in diameter. The pool of the baptistery is 
of green basalt : and it is about iicenty feet long 
by fifteen wide, the form being that of an ellipse. 
There seemed to be a false wooden floor in the bot- 
tom, but the depth, even ivith this, was something 
over three feet. I asked the guide, who seemed to 
belong to one of the lower orders of the clergy, the 
use of this large font, so unlike those in modern 
churches, and he replied 'that its size was due to 
the fact that anciently people ivere immersed .'' I 
inquired if it was ever used for immersion now. 
' Yes,' he said ; ' on Easter-eve, Jeios and pagans 
who accept the faith of the church are baptized 
here in that way.^ This fact I subsequently found 
also in Baedeker's celebrated guide-hook. On the 
right and left of the baptistery building doors 



BAPTISTERY 



BAPTISTERY 



open into two small apartments, now known as 
chapels ; on the ceiling of one of them is an old 
mosaic, datinn; back to the fifth century, represent- 
ing John the 'Ra,Tpi\st performing the rite of immer- 
sion. It appeared to me that these two apartments 
may have been originally dressing-rooms for bap- 
tismal occasions. Between the pool and the outer 
walls of the building there is space enough, I think, 
for four or five hundred spectators to witness a bap- 
tism." (Catheart's "Baptism of the Ages," pp. 
152-53.) 

A thousand years ago, at Easter, immersion was 
the customary mode of baptism in this church, and 
the pope himself was occasionally the administra- 
tor, wearing a "pair of waxed drawers," which, of 
course, were water-proof. (" History of Baptism," 
by Robinson, p. 106. Nashville, 1860.) There are 
still many ancient baptisteries in Italy. 

A modern baptistery is generally in the church 
edifice ; that of the Second Baptist church, Phila- 
delphia, rests on, not in, the pulpit platform. It 
is 8 feet long, about 6 feet wide, and 4 feet 6 
inches deep. It is octagonal in form. It is built 
of white statuary marble, lined with zinc. It is 
filled by one opening in the bottom, and emptied 
by another. It is entered by two sets of iron 
stairs coated with zinc, each of which is protected 
from sight by a walnut curtain, of about 7 feet 
in height from the pulpit platform. Six inches 
from the top of the baptistery there is an opening 
to prevent an overflow of the platform. Under 
each set of steps is the end of a bent pipe, rising a 
few inches from the bottom of the pool, the bend 
of the pipe being in a furnace in the cellar ; when 
the water is in the font and a fire in the furnace, this 
water will reach a comfortable temperature in half 
an hour. Back of the baptistery, on the same floor, 
are two preparing-rooms for the accommodation of 
candidates. The pool is one of the most beautiful 
of modern fonts, but it is a poor vessel compared 
with many ancient fonts still to be seen in Italy. 

Baptistery in an Episcopal Church.— Ivimey 

says that " in the parish church of Cranbrook, 
Kent, England, there is at present (1814) a bap- 
tistery built for the purpose of immersion. It is 
a brick cistern placed against the wall within the 
church above the floor. There are steps both out- 
side and inside, for the convenience of the person 
baptized, while the administrator stands by the 
side of the baptistery to immerse the person. It 
is supposed that the baptistery was built by the 
vicar, a Mr. Johnson, in the beginning of the last 
century." ("History of the English Baptists," ii., 
227. London, 1814.) Probably there are several 
other baptisteries in Episcopal churches in Eng- 
land just now. The law of that church requires 
dipping unless it is certified to the priest " that the 
child is weak.'^ And as many adults in England, 



of Baptist training, have not been baptized, if any 
one of them united with the Episcopal Church, he 
would most likely insist on immersion. The writer 
of this article saw a beautiful baptistery in 1848 
in the vestibule of the parish church, Bradford, 
York, England. 

Baptistery of Milan, The.— Three friends rt 
diff'erent times searched Milan for photographs . i 
its ancient baptistery at the request of the writer. 
The fii-st two failed to secure any picture, because 
no photograph of it was ever taken. The last ob- 
tained, with some difiiculty, and perhaps by using 
a golden argument, a lithograph sketch of the font 





BAPTISTERY OF MILiV. 

from a sacristan. It is an ancient sarcophagus, said 
to have contained the ashes of an early saint ; its 
material is porphyry. According to the measure- 
ment of our friend it is 6 feet 8 inches long and 
24 inches deep. Until a very recent period fn'l 
immersion was the baptism always administered in 
this Catholic font. Dean Stanley utters the testi- 
mony of Christendom about immersion in the 
church of St. Ambrose when he says, "With the 
two exceptions of the Cathedral of Milan and the 
sect of the Baptists, a few drops of water are now 
the Western substitute for the threefold plunge into 
the rushing rivers, or the wide baptisteries of the 



BAPTISTERY 



BAPTISTS 



East." In 1830 the late Dr. Howard Malcom wit- 
nessed an immersion in the sarcophagus font, a full 
account of which is in " The Baptism of the Ages," 
pp. 150, 151. 

The friend already alluded to says, " On Sunday, 
Aug. 25, 1878, I witnessed a baptism in the Cathe- 
dral of Milan. After anointing the ears of the 
cliild, it was placed on the arms of the officiating 
priest, his left arm being under its neck ; then, by 
movements from the left to the right, the back part 
of its head was passed three times through the 
water." 

How much later than 1830 the font has been used 
for immersion we cannot tell, but it was always 
employed for this purpose till that time. And more 
than 40 other baptisteries now in Italy, much larger 
than the sarcophagus of Milan, have given immer- 
sion for centuries to the people that lived around 
them. 

Baptistery of Paulinus, in England.— Near 
the Cheviot Hills, dividing England from Scotland, 
about 30 miles from Newcastle, and 2 miles from 
the village of Harbottle, there is a beautiful foun- 
tain, issuing from the top of a little hill; its basin 
at present is about 34 feet long, 20 broad, and 2 
deep. This cavity could easily be made several 
feet deeper ; from the spring a stream flows which 
forms a little creek. At the side of the fountain 
the writer, in 1869, saw an ancient statue of life 
size called the "Bishop," no doubt Bishop Pau- 
linus. The name of the fountain is " The Lady's 
Well," evidently "Our Lady," — "The Virgin 
Mary." At hand are the remains of an ancient 
nunnery. In it stands a granite crucifix erected 
about thirty years ago, under the superintendence 
of the vicar of Harbottle, a graduate of Oxford, 
on which is cut: "In This Place, Paulinus, The 
Bishop, Baptized Three Thousand Northumbrians, 
Easter, 627." (Cathcart's " Baptism of the Ages," 
pp. 27, 28, 29, 30. Publication Society, Philadel- 
phia.) Our English ancestors baptized in fountains 
and rivers very frequently. 

Baptists, General Sketch of the.— The Bap- 
tist denomination was founded by Jesus during his 
earthly ministry. Next to the Teacher of Nazareth, 
our great leaders were the apostles, and the elders, 
bishops, and evangelists, who preached Christ in 
their times. The instructions of our Founder are 
contained in the four Gospels, the heaven-given 
teachings of our earliest ministers are in the inspired 
Epistles. The first Baptist missionai-y journal was 
the Acts of the Apostles. For the first two centu- 
ries all the congregations of the Church Universal 
(Catholic) were Baptist communities. During the 
two succeeding centuries the baptism of unconscious 
babes had such a limited existence that it is scarcely 
worthy of notice. During the fifth and sixth cen- 
turies the baptism of catechumens, that is, of cate- 



chized persons instructed beforehand for the sacred 
rite, was still common throughout Christendom. 
Though the candidates were constantly becoming 
younger, they always professed their own faith. 
Nor was the baptism of catechumens laid aside en- 
tirely in Rome itself in the ninth century. From 
the beginning of the fifth century infants commonly 
were baptized when vei-y ill to take away Adam's 
guilt, lest they might die and be lost. And though 
there were a few cases of infant baptism before this 
period, it was about this time it began to spread, 
but it requii-ed a good many centuries to gain the 
complete mastery of the Church Universal (Cath- 
olic) ; and before it succeeded, heretics, so called, 
flourished outside of the great corrupted Church 
Universal (Catholic). And even infant baptism 
itself, when it sprang up, had to take the apostolic 
idea that faith was a prerequisite to baptism, and 
borrow faith from the sponsors or parents of the 
child, or from the whole church, to make good its 
claim to the initiatory rite of the Christian Church. 
And it follows this course still. 

The first great eiTor among Christians was that 
water baptism in some way removed the sins of 
penitents. This heresy was common in the third 
century. About the same time the Lord's Supper 
began to be regarded by some as possessing soul- 
healing efficacy for him who partook of it, and a 
magical power to protect the dwelling, or a ship at 
sea, if a portion of the bread was in the one or the 
other. These two follies led Christians to magnify 
the minister enormously, who could impart the 
soul-cleansing immersion, and consecrate the heart- 
healing, and house- and ship-protecting, sacramental 
supper. These heresies, with their priestly rever- 
ence, fostered sacerdotal ambition, and led to the 
creation of gradations of rank among the clergy, 
until in process of time the Universal Church had 
little to show but a pyramid of priests, with the 
inferior ministry as its broad base, and the pope at 
its head, and two sacred ceremonies, the one giving 
imaginary salvation through baptismal water, and 
the other the supposed body and blood of the Lord, 
through real bread and wine. And as evils grow 
at a rapid rate, these perversions of baptism and 
the Lord's Supper generated the whole brood of 
Romish ceremonies and superstitions. 

"When this conviction about the power of bap- 
tism to take away the sins of believers became 
common in the third century, then for the first 
time the baptism of unconscious babes was thought 
of ; but in that century there is only one case of 
the kind, and not many more in the fourth ; but in 
the fifth, Augustine of Hippo began to frighten 
the Christian world with the falsehood that infants 
would perish through Adam's sin without baptism. 
At the same time bits of the bread of the Lord's 
Supper were forced upon the unconscious child, or 



BAPTISTS 



75 



BAPTISTS 



a little of the wine, to give double salvation from 
two redeeming sacraments. As we have said, for 
long ages after this hosts in the Church Universal 
fought this wicked rite, which usurped the place of 
Christ's holy sacrament, and induced the Saviour's 
servants to trust saving water, instead of the blood 
of atonement and the arm of omnipotence. 

When these superstitions gained extensive sway- 
in the Chui'ch Universal (Catholic), communities of 
Christians sprang up in various quarters, some of 
which held the old truths of our mighty Founder 
whom John baptized in the river Jordan when he 
had reached the age of full manhood. The Pauli- 
cians, originating in the seventh century in Arme- 
nia, were Baptists. This community, brought into 
life by reading the Word of God, flourished for a 
time in its native place, then it sent missionaries 
into Thrace, Bulgaria, Bosnia, Servia, Italy, France, 
Oermany, and other countries, and gathered mil- 
lions of adherents, and terrified popes, and drew 
kings with crusading armies of vast strength to 
kill its members. Between five hundred thousand 
and a million of them were put to death in Fi-ance 
in the thirteenth century. 

This people was most commonly known in Europe 
as Albigenses, but they bore many names and ma- 
lignant reproaches ; and the worst doctrines and 
practices were falsely imputed to them. The Pan- 
lician, Bogomilian, Albigenses existed in strength 
in Bosnia till 1^63, and were found there till a later 
day. 

From the twelfth century till the Reformation 
the Waldenses occupied a conspicuous place in the 
hatred of Catholic Europe, and in the violence of 
fierce persecutions. And some of these illustrious 
sufferers were Baptists. 

In the same century which gave birth to the 
Waldenses the Henricians and Petrobrusians com- 
menced their existence as gospel communities, and 
held forth the lamp of life to the perishing, so that 
large numbers were saved. These so-called heretics 
were Baptists. 

During that mighty upheaval in the days of Lu- 
ther which shook the papacy to its lowest founda- 
tions, men with Anabaptist principles appeared in 
every direction with a suddenness that startled the 
world, and they were welcomed immediately with 
cruel greetings to foul dungeons and barbarous 
deaths. Their blood flowed in torrents upon the 
continent of Europe ; and even in England it was 
wickedly shed. 

It is not improbable that the ancient Britons 
were opponents of infant baptism when the Romish 
missionary Augustine met them in 603. But the 
evidence furnished by Bede, Eccles. Hist., lib. ii., 
cap. 2, is not sufiicient to establish this. In the 
e:irly period of the Reformation Anabaptists be- 
cauie quite numerous in England, and they excited 



the indignation of King Henry VIII. and the 
clergy, and they are often alluded to in denuncia- 
tory language in public documents. A little fur- 
ther on they were subjected to cruel persecutions. 
In the time of Edward VI., Joan of Kent, who car- 
ried Bibles into the palace of Henry VIII. for dis- 
tribution, concealed under her apron, when the 
penalty for the act was death, was given to the 
flames by King Edward by the over-persuasion of 
Archbishop Cranmer. Others shared her harsh 
fate, but Baptist doctrines spread, to the dismay of 
the clergy, and found a place in hearts opened of 
God in all parts of the kingdom. And even in 
Scotland mighty^ John Knox found it necessary to 
write a book against them. Queen Elizabeth and 
James I. treated them with royal barbarity, and 
Charles I. would have imitated their example had 
not the rising spirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty put a 
bit in his mouth, and finally cut off the tyrant's 
head. For some years preceding and following 
1649, the date of this event, the Baptists enjoyed 
extraordinary prosperity ; they filled the English 
army in Ireland with ofiicers, and they had a large 
number over the troops located in Scotland and 
England, and even in Cromwell's own regiment. 
So sturdy was their republicanism that many of 
them could see no difference between Charles I. 
reigning without a Parliament and Oliver Crom- 
well governing without a Legislature. The Pro- 
tector distrusted them, and procured a letter from 
the celebrated London Baptist minister, William 
Kiffin, which others signed, exhorting their brethren 
in Ireland to submission. (Ilanserd Knollys So- 
ciety's Confessions of Faith, p. 322.) Cromwell 
was so concerned about the opposition of some 
members of this now powerful body that he had 
spies to watch their movements and report their 
supposed conspiracies. Thurloe gives the letter of 
one of these spies describing the proceedings of a 
Baptist Association in England, and mentioning its 
prayers, letters, sermons, and speakersjust as the pro- 
ceedings of such a body might be described to-day. 
Generals Harrison, Lilburn, Overton, and Ludlow, 
and others in the army ; Admiral-General Richard 
Deane, of both the army and the navy, Admiral 
Sir John Lawson, and a large number of other dis- 
tinguished officers of the navy, reflected a glory 
upon themselves and their Baptist brethren which 
created fear or joy throughout their island home. 
It was said that alarm lest the Baptists should seize 
the government after Cromwell's death actually led 
the Presbyterians to unite with the Episcopalians 
in bringing from Holland to the English throne 
Charles II., the greatest profligate that ever dis- 
honored the family relation. In the reign of 
Charles, and his brother James, the most wicked 
persecutions were applied to Dissenters, and while 
the English Presbyterians from them and from 



BAPTISTS 



BAPTISTS 



subsequent heresy wei'e annihilated, the Baptists 
received blows the effects of which they feel in 
England to-day. 

They are now divided into General and Partic- 
ular Baptists, the former being the smaller body. 
The word " General" was put in their name to de- 
scribe their doctrine of the atonement ; they hold 
Arininian views of it and of all the doctrines of 
grace; the word "Particular" was originally as- 
sumed to show that this section of the English 
Baptists held a limited atonement, and Calvinistical 
views of the doctrines of grace. These British 
Baptists have been enterprising, and have had 
many distinguished men, but they have been sadly 
hindered by persecutions and by the social tyranny 
of a powerful and intolerant state church. There 
are in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland 
2620 Baptist churches, with a membership of 
269,836. 

Roger Williams, a Welshman by birth, an Epis- 
copalian by training, a Congregationalist by choice, 
and a graduate of the University of Cambridge, 
England, came to New England in 1631. Two or 
three years afterwards he was appointed assistant 
minister to the Congregational church of Salem, 
Mass. While there he denied the right of the 
magistrates to punish offenses of a purely religious 
chai'acter, and " in one year's time he filled the 
place with principles of rigid separation (from the 
Church of England) and tending to Anabaptism." 
For these " high crimes and misdemeanors" he was 
finally ordered to leave the colony ; and failing to 
render obedience to the lordly Puritans of that day, 
and learning that he was about to be sent home by 
force, he fled in the depth of winter to the Narra- 
gansett Indians, and established the city of Provi- 
dence in 1636, and the first Baptist church in 
America in that city in 1639. The community 
which gathered around him adopted from him the 
old Baptist doctrine of absolute freedom of con- 
science, and incorporated it in their laws ; and 
when Joshua Verin, a little time after the settle- 
ment of Providence, restrained his wife from at- 
tending some religious meetings, he was disfran- 
chised as a punishment for his offense. 

The church founded by Mr. Williams is still in 
existence, and it is regarded with veneration as the 
first Baptist church in the New World. It wor- 
ships in a noble building erected one hundred and 
five years ago. 

In Massachusetts cruel persecutions were inflicted 
on Baptists and Quakers for a long period. In 
Virginia the hand of legal violence was frequently 
raised with wicked force against our saintly fathers, 
but in Rhode Island, long under the control of the 
Baptists, whose governor at this time worships in 
a Baptist church, no man ever suffered any penalty 
for his religious convictions. 

/ 



Bancroft, the historian, says of Roger Williams : 
" He was the first person in modern Christendom 
to assert in its plenitude the doctrine of the liberty 
of conscience, the equality of opinions before the 
law; and in its defense he was the harbinger of 
Milton (a Baptist), the pi'ecursor and the superior 
of Jeremy Taylor. . . . Williams would permit 
persecution of no opinion, of no religion, leaving 
heresy unharmed by law, and orthodoxy unpro- 
tected by the terrors of penal laws." Vol. i., 375. 
" Freedom of conscience, unlimited freedom of 
mind, was from the first the trophy of the Baptists." 
ii., 67. This is justly said of Roger Williams, and 
it is all true except the statement that he was " the 
first person in modern Christendom" to assert this 
doctrine. Leonard Busher, an English Baptist, 
published in London in 1614 "Religious Peace," in 
which Williams's doctrine is repeatedly asserted. 
This was more than twenty years before Mr. Wil- 
liams broached it, and Busher had many predeces- 
sors in announcing his inspired principles. This 
little work is in the Hanserd Knollys volume of 
" Traits on Liberty of Conscience," London, 1846. 
The blessed truth Mr. Williams unfolded on this 
continent his Baptist brethren everywhere preached, 
and they have given it sovereign sway in all this 
land. 

/ The Baptists of this country hold that the Word 
of God is the only authority in religion, that its 
teachings are to be sacredly observed, and that to 
religious doctrines and observances there can be no 
additions except from it; they hold that a man 
should repent and be saved thi'ough faith in the 
meritorious Redeemer before he is baptized ; that 
immersion alone is Scripture baptism ; that only 
by it can the candidate represent his death to the 
world, burial with Christ, and resurrection to new- 
ness of life ; that baptism is a prerequisite to the 
Lord's Supper^' they hold the doctrines of the 
Trinity, of eternal and personal election, total de- 
pravity, regeneration by the Holy Spirit, justifica- 
tion by the imputed righteousness of Christ, pro- 
gressive sanctification, final perseverance a special 
providence, immediate and eternal glory for the 
righteous after death, and instant and unending 
misery for the ungodly. They hold the doctrinal 
articles of the Presbyterian Church, and they only 
differ from that honored Calvinistical community 
in the mode and subjects of baptism, and in their 
congregational church government. They hold 
that all regenerated believers are saved, whether 
they are immersed or sprinkled, or lack both cere- 
monies ; and they insist on the immersion of be- 
lievers because Christ was immersed, and because 
he enjoins immersion upon all believers. 

In this country we have 38 colleges and theolog- 
ical seminaries, and many superior academies. We 
have in North America 63 religious periodicals. 



BAPTISTS 



The Baptist motto ever has been, " Let there be 
light, secular, sacred, and redeeming, till it covers 
the earth and bathes humanity in its shining 
waves !" 

In the United States we have 24,794 churches, 
15,401 ministers, and 2,200,000 members, which, 
with adherents, young and old, give us more than 
5,000,000 of persons who hold our principles. In 
the various provinces of Canada, and in the British 
West India Islands, there are 849 churches, with 
89,938 members. Baptist missions in Germany, 
France, Sweden, and other sections of Europe, and 
in Asia and Africa, will be noticed under the 
names of the countries in which they are located. 
In the world there are 29,400 Baptist churches, 
with a membership of 2,663,172, which, with other 
adherents in Sunday-schools and congregations, 
would probably give us between 7,000,000 and 
8,000,000 of Baptists. This does not include de- 
nominations in the United States that hold be- 
liever's immersion, which are not Regular Baptists, 
such as the Old-School Baptists, Winebrennarians 
or Church of God, Seventh-Day Baptists, Six-Prin- 
ciple Baptists, Tunkers, Disciples, Adventists, and 
Free-Will Baptists. These communities have 6951 
churches and 615,541 members. 

The origin and growth of the denomination in 
each of the United States will be found in sketches 
under the names of the States in this work. 

The Baptists have a firm confidence in the truth, 
and in the ultimate triumph of their principles ; 
and while they will not sacrifice a jot of inspired 
teaching to gain the good will of the whole Chris- 
tian family, they love all true believers of every 
name, from Pascal, the Catholic, to Joseph John 
Gurney, the Friend. 

See the following articles: The Baptism of 
Cateciiumeni, The Albigenses, The IIenricians, 
The Petrobrusians, The Waldenses, The Ana- 
baptists. 

Baptists, Primitive, or Old School. — The 

Primitive Baptists are often called " Old School," 
or "Anti-Mission," or " Anti-Efi"ort," and, in deri- 
sion, "hardshell" Baptists. They usually, if not 
invariably, adopt the Philadelphia Confession of 
Faith, founded upon that approved by over a hun- 
dred leading men in London, in 1689. They do not 
materially differ from the Regular Baptists as to 
Scripture doctrine, agreeing with them as to the 
necessity of regeneration, the mode and subjects 
of baptism, baptism preceding the Supper, and con- 
gregational church government. Some style them- 
selves " Predestinarians," and are charged with 
pushing the " doctrines of grace," called " Calvin- 
istic," into " hyper-Calvinism," or fatalism, deny- 
ing any responsibility in man for his own conduct 
or condition. Baptists generally dwell upon the 
lessons given by John, the Forerunner, the adorable 



Redeemer, and his apostles and disciples, as to the 
necessity of seeking repentance and forgiveness ; 
for how can immortal beings believe in Him of 
whom they have not heard ? and how can they hear 
without a preacher? and how can preachers go 
forth unless others aid them ? They urge " that it 
pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save 
them who believe." But many of the Old-School 
brethren, while they comfort saints, do not feel it 
a duty to warn sinners, and few conversions occur 
under their ministrations. They allege that God 
carries on his own woi-k, " without the least instru- 
mentality whatever," and that " all the preaching 
from John the Baptist until now, if made to bear on 
one unregenerate sinner, could no more quicken his 
poor dead soul than so much chattering of a crane 
or of a swallow." ( Circular of Warwick Association, 
18JfO, copied by Chemung soon afterwards.) And it 
would not but for God's accompanying Spirit. 

This system is not entirely new, but has prevailed 
at times elsewhere. It is claimed that it humbles the 
pride of man ; but it is charged, also, that it pampers 
ease, lulls to sleep, and shrivels benevolence. The 
decline of some Baptist churches in Great Britain 
is attributed by many to this contracted view of 
man's duty and privilege. 

The Great Awakening under Edwards, White- 
field, and Wesley, over a century since, aroused 
many in the Baptist and other denominations to 
the fact of each person's own accountability as a 
laborer in the Lord's great harvest-field, leaving to 
him the issues, in grace as in nature. William 
Carey's entrance upon his mission work in India 
was a result of this reformation. 

In America the same divergence of views among 
Baptists resulted in alienations and divisions, while 
opposing parties yet remained in the same body. 

At length, in September, 1835, the Chemung As- 
sociation (New York and Pennsylvania), at a meet- 
ing with Sullivan church, Charleston, Tioga Co., 
Pa., passed the following : 

" Whereas, a number of the Associations with 
whom we have held correspondence Have departed 
from the simplicity of the doctrine and practice of 
the gospel of Christ, and have followed cunningly 
devised fables (the inventions of men), uniting them- 
selves with the world in what are falsely called be- 
nevolent societies, founded upon a moneyed basis, 
with a profession to spread the gospel, which is 
another gospel difiTering from the gospel of Christ. 
Resolved, therefore, that we discontinue our corre- 
spondence with the Philadelphia, Abington, Bridge- 
water, Franklin, Steuben, Madison, and all other 
Associations which are supporting the popular in- 
stitutions of the day ; and most affectionately invite 
all those churches, or members of churches, among 
them Avho cannot fellowship them to come out from 
among them and leave them." 



BAREBONE 



78 



BAREBONE 



In May follo^¥ing (1836) the Baltimore Associa- 
tion met at Black Rock, Baltimore Co., Md., and 
passed the same in substance. It is generally known 
as " the Black Rock declaration." 

The minority members of these bodies at once 
founded others on the platform of aiding mission- 
ary, temperance, Sunday-school, and such other 
organizations as they deemed in harmony with 
Bible teachings. 

Similar divisions ran through other churches and 
Associations, mostly in the South and West. In 
1844 the Baptist Almanac attempted to distinguish 
between the Regular or Mission Baptists and those 
who opposed missionary woi-k in formal organiza- 
tions for that purpose. The record of 1844 reported 
184 Old-School Associations, 1622 churches, 900 
ordained ministers, 2374 baptized in the year pre- 
ceding, and 61,162 members. The Year Book for 
1880 returns 900 Old-School churches, 400 ordained 
ministers, and 40,000 members, — a loss of one-third 
in thirty-sis years. The Old-School brethren have 
declined in numbers almost every year since they 
made the division. They have some periodicals, 
but no seminaries of learning and no national or- 
ganizations. 

Many of the Old-School brethren in the ministry 
possess decided ability as expounders of Scripture, 
the members of their churches are commonly per- 
sons of deep piety, and of extensive Biblical 
knowledge. The creed which they generally hold 
is the Confession most venerated by all the Regular 
Baptists of America, from whom they originally 
withdrew, and with whom they decline to hold any 
ecclesiastical relations. 

Barebone, Rev. Praise-God, had the misfor- 
tune to bear a singular name, which subjected him 
to considerable ridicule in his own age, when absurd 
names were very common, and to a great deal more 
in every generation since. In 1640 he became pas- 
tor of a Baptist church in London which separated 
from the community over which the Rev. Henry 
Jessey presided. Like many ministers of that day, 
he was compelled to support himself either wholly 
or partly by a worldly calling. Mr. Barebone sold 
leather. He was a man of intellect, widely known 
and esteemed by the friends of liberty throughout 
England. 

When Oliver Cromwell summoned men to form 
a Parliament he called upon Mr. Barebone to t.ake 
a seat in the legislature. This fact showed that 
he was a well-known patriot, whose zeal against 
despotism in the state and tyrannical ritualism in 
the church had reached the great Protector him- 
self. In the Parliament his ability was speedily 
recognized, and he exerted such a controlling in- 
fluence over its decisions that it was called " Bare- 
bone's Parliament." When General Monk was in 
London, in 1660, preparing the way for Charles 



II., Mr. Barebone, at the head of a " crowd of sec- 
taries" (a multitude of Congregationalists and 
Baptists), says Clarendon, presented a petition to 
Parliament demanding, among other things, " that 
no person whatsoever might be admitted to the 
exercise of any office in the state, or in the church, 
no, not so much as to teach a school, Avho did not 
first take the oath of abjuration of the king, and 
of all his family ; and that he would never submit 
to the government of any one single person what- 
soever ; and that whosoever should presume so 
much as to propose, or mention the restoration of 
the king in Parliament, or any other place, should 
be adjudged guilty of, and condemned for high 
treason." The man to head the petitionei's was 
this Baptist minister. He was not afraid to defy 
Monk, the betrayer of his country's liberties, and 
his whole army, ready as it was and at hand to 
execute their general's wishes. And this petition 
shows that Mr. Barebone was a republican of our 
Thomas Jefferson's order. Clarendon, speaking 
of a part of Cromwell's Parliament of 1653, of 
which Mr. Barebone was a member, says, " In 
which number, that there may be a better judg- 
ment made of the rest, it will not be amiss to 
name one, from whom that Parliament itself was 
afterwards denominated, Praise-God Barebone, a 
leather-seller in Fleet Street, from whom, he being 
an eminent speaker in it, it was afterwards called 
Praise-God Barebone's Parliament."* Neal says 
of the membei-s of the same Parliament, " It was 
much wondered at, says Whitlocke, that these gen- 
tlemen, many of whom were persons of fortune 
and estate, should accept the supreme authority of 
the nation upon such a summons and from such 
hands (Cromwell's). Most of them were men of 
piety, but no great politicians, and were therefore 
in contempt sometimes called the Little Parliament, 
and by others Barebone's Parliament, from a 
leather-seller of that name, who was one of the 
most active members. "f Rapin says, "Amongst 
these members was one Barebone, a leather-seller, 
who, in his neighborhood, passed for a notable 
speaker because he used to entertain them with 
long harangues upon the times. From this man 
the people in derision called them Barebone's Par- 
liament." J A foot-note in Rapin says, " His name 
was Praise-God Barebone, from whom, he being a 
great speaker in it, the Parliament was called as 
above." These witnesses all show that our worthy 
brother was really the master-spirit of the legisla- 
ture that bore his name. And whatever it may 
have lacked in the technicalities of legislation, it 
wanted nothing of the spirit of freedom. It passed 

* Clarendon's " History of the Kebellion," iii. 482, 714. Oxfurd, 
1706. 
t Neal's "History of the Puritans," iv. 55, 67. Dublin, 1755. 
X Eapin's " Histoi-y of England," ii. 590. London, 1733. 



BARKER 



BARLOW 



a law, according to Neal, to repeal enactments that 
hindered the progress of the gospel, and to give 
liberty to all that feared God to worship hiin 
without molestation. Mr. Barebone undoubtedly 
gave effective assistance in the passage of this law. 

Mr. Barebone was unquestionably a godly and 
a great man ; and he wielded such a powerful in- 
fluence that when he presented the petition to the 
Parliament, to which reference has been made, 
Walter Wilson* states that " Monk, who knew the 
popularity of Barebone, was obliged to make a 
general muster of the army, and write a letter to 
the Parliament, expostulating with them for giving 
too much countenance to that furious zealot and his 
adherents." 

The names of Mr. Barebone had a tendency to 
make him ridiculous. But he triumphed over these 
and other disadvantages. 

Barker, Rev. Cyrus, was born at Portsmouth, 
R. I., March 27, 1807. He pursued his studies at 
the Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution. 
and was ordained in Newport, R. I., September. 
1839, having previously received an appointmen' 
as a missionary to the foreign field. He saile 
from Boston, Oct. 22, 1839. After his arrival in 
Calcutta he went to Jaipur, one of the principa 
posts of the East India Company in Assam, re- 
maining there a little over a year, and. May 18 
1841, going to Sibsager, another flourishing po'.t 
of the East India Company, three days' journey 
below Jaipur. He labored for several years in 
this city. He was subsequently stationed at Gow- 
ahati. While here his health failed, and he left 
the foreign field hoping to gain new strength for 
his work. He died at sea, and was buried in the 
Mozambique Channel, -Jan. 31, 1850. 

Barker, Prof. Isaac Bowen, was born in Han- 
son, Mass., Nov. 25, 1839. He was fitted for college 
at the Middleborough Academy, then under the 
charge of Prof. J. W. P. Jenks, now of Brown 
University, where his pupil graduated with the 
highest honors of his class in 1861. Shortly after 
his graduation he received the appointment of 
Assistant Professor of Ethics and English Literature 
at the U. S. Naval Academy, then at Newport, but 
since removed to Annapolis, Md. Prof. Barker 
resigned his office on the transfer of the institution 
to Maryland, and went abroad for two years. 
When he came back, for one year he filled the chair 
of Rhetoric and English Literature in Brown Uni- 
versity, which had been made vacant by the death 
of the lamented Prof. Dunn. On completing his 
term of service he was called to the University of 
East Tennessee, at Knoxville. Here, for five years, 
he performed the duties of his office. In Septem- 



ber, 1874, he was appointed instructor in the Ger- 
man language in Harvard College. For six months 
only was he able to attend to his duties. An attack 
of pneumonia so prostrated him that in a few 
days he was forced to yield to the disease, and died 
March 22, 1875, in the prime of his life and use^ 
fulness. Prof Barker was a consistent member 
of a Baptist church, a ripe scholar, whose untimely 
death brought sorrow to many hearts. 

Barlow, Rev. F. N., late pastor of the Baptist 
church at Stockton, Cal., was born at Kent, Conn. 




* Wilson's " History ami Antiquii 
i. 47, 49. Lonilon, 180S. 



of Dissenting Churches,' 



His mother died when he was four years old. At 
sixteen he began the world for himself, — worked 
hard, and studied until he was able to teach. He 
began the study of law in Western New York, but 
was turned from that profession to educational and 
pastoral work, in which his wife. Miss Harriet T. 
Healey, of Connecticut, has been a true helper. In 
1849 he began preaching in Fairfield Co., Conn.; 
was ordained in 1850 ; organized a church in Dan- 
bury in 1851, and was its pastor four years. His 
other pastorates were at Franklindale, Cold Spring, 
and Cornwall, Saratoga Co., and Middletown, N. Y. ; 
Alpina, Mich., where he organized a church, and 
built a meeting-house ; Monroe, Mich. ; and Chat- 
ham, Canada. In 1877 he went to California; was 
pastor eight months at Santa Clara, and at Stockton 
from -Jan. 1, 1878, till prostrated by illness, beloved 
by all, he was compelled to resign, intending (o 
return to his Eastern home. In all his pastorates 
he has been blessed with gracious revivals. He i-; 
a finished scholar, a spirited and eloquent preacher. 



BARLOW 



80 



BARNETT 



and a model pastor. In 1862 he joined the Union 
army as lieutenant of the 115th Regiment, N. Y. 
Vols. ; was taken prisoner, released, and returned 
to the service, till broken health compelled him to 
resign. His church received him joyfully as its 
pastor. A sickness in early youth impaired his 
constitution, so that twice during his ministry he 
had to give up preaching for a time. He is one of 
the few men in the Baptist ministry of the Pacific 
coast whose counsel and business character give 
him a place of pre-eminence among his brethren. 
Barlow, Rev. Joseph Lorenzo, was bom at 
Kent, Litchfield Co., Conn., Oct. 27, 1818 ; ordained 
in 1853 at Seymour, Conn., where he was settled 
as pastor of the Baptist church one year. He sub- 
sequently held pastorates at Sandisfield, Mass. ; 
Greenfield Center, Stillwater, Broadalbin, and Lan- 
singburg, N. Y. ; Ridgetown, Conn. ; Dundee and 
Bloomingdale, 111. ; and he is now the pastor of the 
church in Menomonee, Wis. Mr. Barlow baptized 
about 400 converts in connection with these pasto- 
rates. His labors have been extensively sought 
by pastors in seasons of special religious interest. 
During the war he was the chaplain of the 125th 
Regiment of N. Y. Vols. He was captured by the 
Confederates at Harper's Ferry, in 1862, when two 
weeks out, and resigned his commission the follow- 
ing February, owing to broken health. He is still, 
at the age of sixty-two years, in active service and 
doing an excellent work for the church to which he 
ministers. 

Barnaby, Rev. James, was born at Freetown, 
Mass., June 25, 1787. He was a student at Bristol 
Academy, Taunton, Mass., during his preparatory 
course, and graduated at Brown University in the 
class of 1809. He intended to study law, but the 
Master whom he served for so many years had 
other work for him to do. While a member of 
college he had made a public profession of his faith 
in Christ, and was received into the First Baptist 
church in Providence. He soon after decided to 
enter the Christian ministry, and was ordained in 
•July, 1811, and at once accepted a call to the pas- 
torate of the Baptist church in Harwiek, Mass. 
He continued in this relation for eight years, when 
he took charge of the church in New Bedford, 
Mass. For four years he was the pastor of this 
church, and in 1823 removed to Amesbury, Mass. 
Having completed his term of service here, he was 
pastor of several churches until 1849, when he ac- 
cepted an appointment from the Baptist Sunday- 
School Union, for which society he labored three 
years. He became pastor again of the first church 
he had served, that of Harwiek, in 1852, and re- 
mained seven years. Having a third time resigned, 
lie had the charge of two or three churches for that 
lit-riod of time, and in 1862 came back once more 
to his old church in Harwiek, and there he re- 



mained the rest of his life,^ — fifteen years. For 
sixty-seven years he was a minister of the gospel, 
thirty-nine of which were spent with the Harwiek 
church. Twenty-eight hundred persons received 
the ordinance of baptism at his hands. He was a 
man of remarkable physical endurance. It was a 
remark of his which we know not by whom it 
could truthfully be uttered except by himself, that 
" he did not fail to preach the gospel on a Sunday 
for more than forty years." He died at Harwiek, 
Dec. 10, 1877, aged ninety years and nearly six 
months. 

Barnes, Rev. Daniel H., was bom in Canaan, 
Columbia Co., N. Y., April 25, 1785. He gradu- 
ated from Union College in 1809. He studied He- 
brew under one of the most eminent teachers of 
that sacred tongue. In 1811 he united with the 
Baptist church of Poughkeepsie, and in 1813 he 
received a license to preach. In 1819 he accepted 
the "Professorship of Languages" in a theological 
seminary in New York, which was subsequently 
transferred to Hamilton. After this change he 
opened an English and classical school in New 
York, and in 1827 he was elected president of 
Columbian College, AVashington, D. C, but he de- 
clined the appointment. Mr. Barnes preached fre- 
quently and acceptably ; but he was a teacher, and 
an instructor of noble pupils ; among them were 
Francis Wayland, William R. Williams, Bishop 
Potter, of Pennsylvania, and other great men. He 
rendered service in the preparation of Webster's 
Dictionary, and his contributions to Silliman's 
Journal showed that he was a learwed student of 
geological science. He died October 27, 1828. 

Barnes, Rev. James Edward, was born near 
Carrsville, Ky., -June 16, 1828. Was converted and 
baptized in 1847. In 1851 he was elected to a public 
office, and while in the line of political promotion, in 
1860, he removed to California. His zeal and ready 
address led many to urge him to enter the ministry. 
On arriving at the gold mines he established an 
altar of prayer, and his cabin was often filled with 
attentive listeners. Here he heard the call, " Go 
work in my vineyard," and obeyed, preaching first 
at Gold Hill, in 1865, on Sundays, and digging for 
gold during the week. In two years he had gath- 
ered large congregations, where churches were sub- 
sequently organized. He was ordained by the 
Uniontown church, Feb. 8, 1867. In 1872 he spent 
a year at Greenville, S. C, in studying theology. 
His native eloquence and zeal have enabled him to 
win many souls for Christ. He has been pastor of 
11 churches, has baptized about 700 converts, and 
is now engaged in evangelistic labors with difierent 
churches in California. 

Bamett, Rev. Joseph, a zealous and efficient 
pioneer both in Virginia and Kentucky, was prob- 
ably a native of Virginia. He was active in form- 



BARNETT 



81 



BARRASS 



ing the churches of which the Ketocton Associa- 
tion, Va., was composed. He was among the early 
settlers of the Western wilderness, and in connec- 
tion with John Whitaker and John Gerrard founded 
the first two churches in Kentucky, — Severns Val- 
ley, constituted June 18, 1781, and Cedar Creek, 
constituted July 4, 1781. Of the latter Mr. Bar- 
nett was the first pastor. He was also the first 
moderator of Salem Association, constituted of 
four churches, at Cox's Creek, Xelson Co., Ky., 
Oct. 29, 1785. 

Barnett, Rev. William Paddox, Avas born in 
Jefierson Co., Ky., in 1803. In early life he be- 
came a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian 
church, but afterwards united with the Baptist 
church at Fishcrville, Ky., and was ordained to the 
ministry. He was pastor of several churches at 
different periods, but his principal pastorate was 
that of King's church, in Bullitt Co., Ky., to which 
he ministered with great success for a period of 
fortj'-three years. In 1850 he was elected moderator 
of Long Kun Association, and on two occasions 
preached the introductory sermon before that body. 
Died Sept. 18, 1876. 

Barney, Eliam E., educator and manufacturer, 
was born in Adams, Jefferson Co., N. Y., Oct. 14, 
1807. Both parents were earnest Christians. Their 
son was converted and baptized at Henderson, 
N. Y., at the age of eleven. Having received his 
academic education at Lowville and Union Acad- 
emies, he entered Union College, N. Y., and grad- 
uated in 1831. For two years after his graduation 
he was principal of Lowville Academy. In 1833 
he removed to Ohio, and taught for six months in 
Granville College. In the spring of 1834 he be- 
came principal of the Dayton Academy, Dayton, 
0., and continued teaching for several years. His 
health failing, he engaged in business. In 1845 he 
was called to take charge of the Cooper Female 
Academy of Dayton, in which position he remained 
with great success until 1851. In the summer of 
1850, with a partner, he established the Dayton 
Car-Works. After various changes in the firm, a 
joint-stock company was formed in 1867, under 
the name of the Barney & Smith Manufacturing 
Company, with a capital stock of §750,000, Mr. 
Barney being elected president. This establish- 
ment is now the largest of its kind in this country. 
The buildings occupy eighteen acres, and about 
one thousand men are employed in them. The 
<:reat success of the enterprise is largely due to 
Mr. Barney. 

Mr. Barney has never been an aspirant for pub- 
lic office. He is president of the Dayton Hydraulic 
Company, and of the Second National Bank. 

As a Christian, Mr. Barney has always taken a 
firm and prominent stand. He was instrumental 
in rescuing the First Baptist church of Dayton 



from extinction when, in 1835, the majority of its 
members followed the pastor into the Disciple or 
Campbellite body, and the courts gave the seceders 
the church property. For several years he was the 




ELIAM E. BARNEY. 

superintendent of the Sunday-school, and has been 
a deacon since 1843. He has also been largely in- 
terested in the various educational and missionary 
enterprises of the denomination. For many j^ears 
he has been a trustee of Denison University, and 
has given to that institution more than §35,000. 

Barnhurst, Rev. Washington, was bom in 
Philadelphia, Dec. 30, 1830. He was converted at 
the Broad Street church, and baptized by J. Lansing 
Burrows, D.D.. March 8, 1846. He entered the 
junior class of Lewisburg University, and gradu- 
ated in 1851. He pursued his theological studies 
at the Rochester Seminary. He was an excellent 
exegetical scholar. He was ordained at Chestnut 
Hill, Pa., Sept. 8, 1853. He was greatly blessed 
with revivals in 18531-54. He was called to Bur- 
lington, N. J., and there he baptized many. In 
1856 he took charge of the Third Baptist church 
of St. Louis. In 1858 he had a glorious revival. 
His health failed from overwork for years, and in 
1860 he removed to a farm in Miller Co., Mo. On 
April 29, 1862, he called his wife and sister, and 
told them he was dying, spoke of Jesus, and, 
waving his hand, said, "Higher, higher!" and 
passed into glory. His was a brief, earnest, and 
blessed ministry. He was a blameless Christian 
man. 

Barrass, Edward, was born at Nailstone, 



BARE ASS 



■82 



BARRETT 



County of Leicester, England, Oct. 7, 1790 ; emi- 
grated to this country in 1830 ; was licensed to 
preach by the Flemington Baptist church, March 
31, 1833 ; died at Montana, Warren Co., Sept. 16, 
1869, after a brief illness. He served the churches 
of Delaware, Oxford, and Mansfield, in Warren 
Co., N. J., and afterwards two churches in Penn- 
sylvania, with which he labored until he was called 
from his earthly toils. In all these churches his 
work and worth are held in grateful remembrance. 

Barrass, E.ev. Thomas, Avas born in Leicester- 
shire, England, July 2'2, 1793. He was baptized 
and united with the Baptist Church in his native 
land in the year 1817; came to this country in 
1828, and united with the Baptist church in Flem- 
ington ; was licensed to preach by that church Jan. 
10, 1830, and ordained at Flemington, April 14, 
1831. He itinerated in the upper part of Hunter- 
don, and through a considerable part of Warren 
County, as a missionary ; was instrumental in 
gathering a constituency for the following churches : 
Oxford, Delaware, Bethlehem, and Mansfield. He 
served as pastor at Oxford, Bethlehem, and King- 
wood, all of which churches were strengthened and 
enlarged, and bear uniform testimony to his earn- 
est, faithful, and devoted labors. He died Sept. 
27, 1869, eleven days after his brother Edward. 

Barratt, Rev. J., of North Topeka, Kansas, is a 
faithful and successful minister, and a successful 




REV. J. BARRATT. 



bank director and merchant. The church of North 
Topeka which he gathered, and of which he is pas- 
tor, is a model church. Composed at first of less 



than a score of mechanics and farmers, it has in- 
creased till it numbers over 200. The church 
edifice has cost them about $12,000, and they have 
paid for it themselves- as they proceeded. The 
house arose as the church and congregation and Sab- 
bath-school grew. They have 6 missions within 
a radius of some fifteen miles, which are all likely 
to become self-sustaining and efiicient churches. 
The whole community is permeated with Baptist 
sentiment. A church so occupied with Christian 
work is of course eminently peaceful, as well as 
aggressive. He did not seek an inviting field, but 
made one. Being an excellent organizer, his ser- 
vices have been sought repeatedly for a wider sphere. 
But his people will not let him go. 

Barre, W. L., author and editor, was born in 
Warren Co., Ky., July 18, 1830. He was educated 
at Franklin College, Tennessee. In early life he 
became a Baptist, and was licensed as a preacher, 
although he seldom occupied the pulpit, preferring 
literary work to pastoral labors. He has been con- 
nected, as principal or associate editor, with the 
Louisville Journal, Louisville Courier, Cincinnati 
Times, Cincinnati Gazette, Nashville Union and 
Dispatch, the Memphis Daily Dispatch, and the 
St. Joseph (Mo.) Daily Commercial. In 1857 he 
removed to Cincinnati, where he remained nearly 
three years, and during this period wrote and pub- 
lished " Lives of Illustrious Men of America," a 
book of 1000 octavo pages, which passed througli 
11 editions. lie wrote (in 1856) the "Life and 
Public Services of Millard Fillmore," and edited 
the "Speeches and Writings of Hon. Thomas F. 
Marshall," which passed through ten editions. 
During the civil war he was army correspondent 
of the A^eio York Times and other leading journals. 
After the war he Avas engaged on various news- 
papers in several different States until 1873, when 
he became editor of the Green River Pantagraph. 

Barrell, Rev. Noah, was born in Hartford, 
Washington Co., N. Y., May 5, 1794; died at 
Geneva, Wis., April 16, 1875, aged eighty-one 
years. During an active ministry of fifty-three 
years he served as pastor 15 churches in New 
York, Ohio, Wisconsin, and baptized about 1200 
converts. He was a man of good natural endow- 
ments, of most winning and gentle spirit. He 
excelled in his work as pastor. His end was 
great peace. 

Barrett, Hon. James M., a native of Mason, 
N. H. He spent his early years in Livingston Co., 
N. Y., and was educated at Nunda Academy, 
N. Y. He came to Wisconsin twenty-four years ago, 
and settled at Trempeleau, Trempeleau Co., where 
he now resides. He has filled many positions of 
public trust. Among them he has been a member 
of the Legislature, president of the County Agii- 
cultural Society, president of the Board of Educa- 



BARRETT 



83 



BARROWS 



tion for twenty-three years. He is an active 
member of the Baptist church, and has been super- 
intendent of its Sunday-school over twenty years. 
He is a member of the Board of State Missions, in 
whose work he takes a deep interest. 

Barrett, Rev. T. W., was born in 1835, in "Wood 
Co., West Ya. United with the Baptist church at 
Marietta, 0., in 1856 ; moved to Missouri the same 
year; was educated at William Jewell College; 
ordained Oct. 28, 1860, and entered immediately 
upon his work as missionary of North Liberty As- 
sociation ; in 1861 became pastor of the church at 
Weston ; in 1862 was called to the care of the 
Tabernacle Baptistchurch at Leavenworth, Kansas; 
in 1864 became pastor of the First Baptist church, 
St. Joseph, Mo. : failing health compelled him to 
resign after a fifteen months' pastorate, and for a 
year he had no charge ; in 1866 he was financial 
agent of the Sunday-school Board of the Southern 
Baptist Convention for North Missouri ; was general 
missionary ami agent for the General Association for 
a part of 1S66 and 1867; was recalled to Weston 
in 1867, where through his efi'orts a beautiful and 
substantial church edifice was erected and dedi- 
cated free of debt; in 1869 was called to Hannibal, 
where an elegant house of worship was built and 
paid for during his pastorate, and large accessions 
made to the church ; in 1873 he took charge of the 
church at Jefferson City, where he still labors ; he 
has removed a heavy debt from the church, and he 
is building up a strong and vigorous body of be- 
lievers ; in 1872 he received the degree of A.il. 
from William Jewell College, and for a number of 
years has been an active member of the Executive 
Board of the General Association, and also of the 
State Sunday-school Convention. He is a laborious 
and successful worker in the Master's vineyard. 

Barrett, Rev. W. C, was born in Wood Co., W. 
Va., July 8, 1810 ; united with Mount Zion Baptist 
church 1835; ordained Aug. 16, 184-5; called to 
Mount Zion, Mount Vernon, and Stillwell churches; 
was missionary of the General Association of Tir- 
ginia seven years; organized and built up many 
churches in the counties of Wood, Wirt, Jackson, 
and Pleasant ; was moderator of the Parkersburg 
Association in 1854 and 1855 ; moved to Missouri 
in 1856 ; settled in Clay County ; appointed agent 
and missionary of the General Association in the 
same year; organized and built up most of the 
churches in Clinton County ; built houses of wor- 
ship at Crooked River, Haynesville, Plattsburg, 
and Lawson ; was eleven years pastor at Crooked 
River, seven at Plattsburg, two at Richmond, 
Ray Co., two at Liberty, Clay Co., three at Cam- 
eron and Missouri City, besides several country 
churches ; was seven years moderator of North 
Liberty Association. Has been one of the most 
laborious and successful of all the old ministers 



who have laid the foundations upon which the 
younger generation are now building. 

Barron, Rev. James, an aged and decrepit, but 
zealous and useful minister of Bowdon, Ga., was 
born in Washington County, Dec. 25, 1801. He 
connected himself with the church at Antioch. 
Upson Co., April 3, 1827, and soon began to 
preach. He settled in Carroll County in 1842, 
and was ordained at Carrollton church in 1850. 
For the next twelve years of his life he labored as 
a missionary of the Domestic Board of the South- 
ern Baptist Convention, in Western Georgia and 
Eastern Alabama, and then, for the five succeeding 
years, he was an associational missionary. Since 
that time rheumatism has laid its hands heavily 
upon him, disabling him from all active work, and 
he has simply preached wherever an opportunity 
has been afforded. His controlling desire is to win 
souls to Jesus, and to accomplish this he is instant 
in season and out of season. His has been a life 
of faithful service in the face of many disadvan- 
tages and discouragements. 

Barrow, Rev. David, was an eminent pioneer 
preacher among the Baptists of Virginia and Ken- 
tucky, and a man of great ability, both as a preacher 
and a writer. He was born in Brunswick Co., 
Va., Oct. 30, 1753 ; was baptized in his seventeenth 
year, and in his eighteenth began to preach the 
gospel. In 1774 he was ordained, and became 
pastor of Mill Swamp, Black Creek, and South 
Quay churches, in Virginia. He also traveled and 
preached in Virginia and North Carolina, in con- 
sequence of which he suffered much persecution. 
In 1778 he was seized at one of his meetings by a 
gang of twenty men, dragged a half-mile, and forci- 
bly dipped under water twice, with many jeers and 
mockeries. "A short time afterwards three or 
four of these men died in a distracted manner, one 
of them wishing he had been in hell before he 
joined the mob." Mr. Barrow was a soldier in 
the war of independence. - In 1798 he removed 
to Montgomery Co., Ky., and took charge of the 
church at Mount Sterling. Here he became a zeal- 
ous advocate for the abolition of African slavery. 
This led to a division of his church,- a majority 
adhering to their pastor. In 1807 an association 
of emancipators was formed in Kentucky, of which 
Mr. Barrow became the principal leader. He pub- 
lished a book against slavery, which was regarded 
as a very able work. He also published a treatise 
in defense of the Trinity, which was much esteemed. 
He died Nov. 14, 1819. 

Barrows, Rev. Comfort Edwin, son of Com- 
fort and Mela (Blake) Barrows, was born in Attic- 
borough, Mass., Dec. 11, 1831, and was a graduate 
of Brown t^niversity in the class of 1858, and of 
the Newton Theological Institution in the class 
of 1861. He was ordained Dec. 25, 1861, as pastor 



BAESS 



BATEMAN 



of the Baptist church in South Danvers (now Pea- 
body), Mass., where he remained three years and 
three months, and then accepted a call to the pas- 
torate of the First Baptist church in Newport, 
with which he began his ministerial labors March 
12, 18G5, which position he now (1880) holds. 
Aiuonn; his published writings are a memorial 
.sermon commemorating the life and services of 
the Rev. Erastus Willard, for twenty-one years 
missionary in France; an historical discourse upon 
" The Development of Baptist Principles in Rhode 
Island," preached May 12, 1875, the semi-centennial 
anniversary of the Rhode Island Baptist State 
Convention. This discourse was first published 
by the Convention, and subsequently, with slight 
additions, it was issued by the American Baptist 
Publication Society as one of its series of short 
historical and denominational works. Mr. Bar- 
rows published also a discourse delivered on 
Thanksgiving-day, Nov. 30, 1876, on the history 
of the First Baptist church in Newport, R. I., and 
a discourse commemorative of Benjamin B. How- 
land, for fifty yeai-s clerk of the town and city of 
Newport. He has also contributed articles for re- 
views and papers. Mr. Barrows is one of the 
ablest men in the Baptist denomination. His his- 
torical works should be read by Iiis brethren every- 
where. He is a manly Baptist who courageously 
asserts the truth, and always presents it in a loving 
spirit. 

Barss, JohnW., was born in 1812, at Liverpool, 
Nova Scotia; converted and baptized at Wolfville, 
July, 1833; commenced business at Halifax, 1836; 
and returned to Wolfville in 1850. Mr. Barss is 
a successful ship-owner and a liberal supporter of 
the denominational enterprises. He contributed 
$2000 to build the North church, Halifax, and 
$4000 towards the erection of the Baptist church 
at Wolfville. He donated 9 acres of land to that 
town for a public cemetery, and has contributed 
$11,000 to Acadia College. 

Batchelder, Rev. William, was born in Boston, 
March 25, 1768. Early in life he gave promise of 
what he afterwards became, a man of rare intel- 
lectual ability. He lost both his parents in the 
thirteenth year of his age. His early religious 
experience was quite remarkable. After he thought 
he had passed through " the great change." his 
mind became tinctured with infidel sentiments. 
But he was led by the Spirit of God to see his 
error, and at length he became a Christian, and 
was baptized at Deerfield, N. H., in June, 1792. 
Being impressed with his duty to preach the gos- 
pel, after due preparation he was ordained as pastor 
of the Baptist church in Berwick, Me., Nov. 29, 
1796. His labors were singularly blessed. In a 
revival which continued for two years 150 persons 
w(>re hopefully converted. He baptized in the ad- 



joining town of York 70 persons, also fruits of the 
same work of grace. In November, 1805, he re- 
ceived an invitation to become the pastor of the 
First Baptist church in Haverhill, and was pub- 
licly recognized December 4. His ministry, con- 
nected with which there were most abundant fruits, 
continued nearly thirteen years. He died Api-il 8, 
1818, in the fifty-first year of his age and the 
twenty-seventh of his ministry. 

All the traditions which have come down to us 
with regard to the character and the ministerial life 
of Mr. Batchelder show that he was one of the ablest 
men intellectually, and one of the best preachers 
of the times in which he lived. He took a warm 
interest in the cause of education as afi'ecting his 
own denomination, and M^as one of the prime movers 
in the enterprise which led to the founding of the 
Maine Literary and Theological Seminary, after- 
wards Waterville College, now Colby University. 
Brown University, in 1809, conferred on him the 
honorary degree of Master of Arts. 

Bateman, E.ev. Calvin A., Mas born at Grove- 
land, N. Y.,, April 18, 1833; is of Scotch 




grandson of Deacon Zadoc Bateman, a soldier of 
distinction in the war for American independence ; 
son of Rev. Calvin Bateman, an eminent Bap- 
tist minister, who, while preaching in New York, 
had his skull fractured by a stone hurled by 
a drunken man through the church window, re- 
sulting in insanity until his death. His mother, 
daughter of Rev. Benjamin Barber, was a lovely 
Christian, and prominent in her zeal for foreign 
missions ; her eldest son was dedicated to the work 



BATES 



85 



BATES 



in Bunnali, but died just as he was nearly ready 
for his mission. His death and the lather's in- 
sanity left the family largely dependent upon 
young Calvin, then only ten years old. At the 
age of fifteen he was converted and baptized by 
Rev. Edgar Smith at Milan. Soon after the family 
moved to Mount Vernon, Mich., where young Bate- 
man was urged by his brethren to preach. He re- 
belled, feeling unfit for the work, until 1859, when 
he yielded to his convictions, began to preach, was 
licensed in 1860 by the Iowa Point church, and in 
1863 was ordained at Atchison, Kansas. His life has 
been given largely to pioneer mission work in Mis- 
souri, Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota, Colorado, Chero- 
kee Nation, Nevada, and California. He has aided 
in organizing over 60 new churches, conducted 
hundreds of revivals, baptized over 1900 converts, 
and witnessed the baptism of other hundreds con- 
verted under his labors. For three years he was 
U. S. superintendent of the Indians of Nevada. 
In 1875 he settled permanently in California as 
general State missionary. In this field he has trav- 
eled 25,000 miles, preached more than 1300 sermons, 
and baptized nearly 400 converts. His son. Rev. 
Cephus Bateman, entered the ministry in 1878, and 
is a successful pastor at Santa Cruz, Cal. 

Bates, Rev. John, was born in Bugbrook, 
Northamptonshire, England, Jan. 26, 1805. He 
was baptized Dec. 25, 1829, and became a member 
of the Eagle Street church, where Rev. Joseph 
Irving labored. Encouraged by his pastor and 
brethren, he turned his thoughts towards the Chris- 
tian ministry, intending to go out as a missionary 
among the colored people of the West Indies. This 
purpose was not put into execution. He decided 
to enter the service of the Baptist Irish Society, in 
order to work among the Roman Catholics of Ire- 
land, and accepted an appointment from that body 
in January, 1833. While in Ireland he labored at 
Ballina and Sligo, and in other localities, and 
again took up his abode in Ballina, where he con- 
tinued for nine years, during which time he bap- 
tized 60 persons, the fruits of missionary toil. 
The next five years were devoted to similar work 
in other places in Ireland, making the whole 
period of his service in the employ of the Baptist 
Irish Society seventeen years. 

Mr. Bates came tc America in the spring of 1850, 
and established himself in Cascade, Iowa, becoming 
the pastor of the Baptist church. In the State of 
Iowa he came to be recognized as a power, and his 
counsels in the Association and Convention were 
carefully weighed. He went to Canada in 1864, 
and became pastor of the church in Dundas. In 
April, 1867, he took charge of the church in Wood- 
stock, and identified himself with the interests of 
the Canadian Literary Institute. While living 
here he consecrated two of his daughters, Mrs. A. 



V. Timpany and Mrs. John McLaurin, to the for- 
eign mission work. 

The labors of Mr. Bates were so onerous that he 
felt obliged to resign his pastorate at the end of 
June, 1873. He has received into the fellowship 
of the church during his six years' ministry in 
Woodstock by baptism and letter 211 persons. For 
nearly a year he remained without a regular pas- 
toral charge. He died May 8, 1875. 

A memoir of Mr. Bates, with selections from his 
sermons, essays, and addresses, compiled by Rev. 
Dr. J. A. Smith, of Chicago, a large volume of 
nearly 500 pages, was published in Toronto in 
1877. Mr. Bates was a man of great power and 
of ardent piety. 

Bates, Samuel P., LL,D., was born in Mendon, 
Mass., and educated at Brown University, grad- 
uating in 1851. He was baptized into the fellow- 
ship of the First church, in Providence, R. I., by 
the Rev. James M. Granger in 1849. In 1852 he 
transferred his membership to the Meadville Bap- 
tist church, where it still remains. Although never 
licensed, he has occasionally delivered discourses 
from the pulpit as a supply, and this labor of love 
has been well received by his brethren. 

As an author he has acquired not only a local, 
but even a national reputation of a high order. 
Various works have been issued, and they have 
received the popular favor. Several editions of his 
" Lectures on Mental and Moral Culture" have 
been published by Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co., of 
New York. This work forms one of the volumes 
of their Teachers' Library. The same house pub- 
lished, in 1861, a small volume entitled " Methods 
of Conducting Teachers' Institutes," and this also 
met with equal success. " The History of the Bat- 
tle of Gettysburg" has received the hearty indorse- 
ment of the English press, as also of prominent 
Union and Confederate generals, and French and 
English military critics. In 1866, Governor Curtin, 
of Pennsylvania, appointed him State historian, 
in which service he was engaged seven years, pro- 
ducing five large volumes, thus preserving the 
annals of the military organizations which were 
gathered from the State in its conflict with the Re- 
bellion. This monument cost the State nearly half 
a million of dollars, and was worthily expended. 
"The Lives of the Governors of Pennsylvania" 
is another work on which he was employed after 
the completion of the State History. The "Mar- 
tial Deeds of Pennsylvania" is still another large 
octavo volume, illustrated with numerous portraits 
of officers and others who were brought to the front 
during the war. 

In 1857, Mr. Bates was elected superintendent 
of public schools in Crawford Co., Pa. At the ex- 
piration of his first term of three years he wus 
again honored by re-election, but resigned to accept 



BATH 



86 



BATTLE 



the still wider work of deputy State superinten- 
dent, and this position he held for six years. 

In 1862 he was employed by the State as agent 
to visit and report upon the condition of the col- 
leges of Pennsylvania. These reports were pub- 
lished from time to time in the Journals. Other 
duties have crowded out the desire to issue them 
in book-form. 

In 1865 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon 
him. 

In 1877 he made a tour through Scotland, Eng- 
land, France, Italy, Switzerland, and the cities of 
the Rhine. This visit laid the foundations for four 
lectures, which have been favorably received wher- 
ever delivered. 

Bath, Rev. Levi, was born in Unadilla, N. Y. ; 
died at Columbus, Wis., March 4, 1876, aged fifty- 
seven years. He was educated at Poultney, Vt., and 
at Union College, New York. He held pastorates in 
Grass Lake, Danville, and other places in Michigan. 
In 1861 he came to Columbus, Wis., and became 
pastor of the Baptist church there. Owing to ill 
heath he was obliged to retire from the active work 
of the ministry. During the latter part of his life 
he filled a number of town and county offices, and 
was highly esteemed by a large circle of personal 
friends. 

Battle, Rev. Archibald J., D.D., president of 
Mercer University, Macon, Ga., was born at Pow- 




REV. ARCHIBALD J. BATTLE, D.D. 

elton, Hancock Co., Ga., Sept. 10, 1826. When ten 
years of age he moved to Alabama with his father, 
Dr. Cullen Battle, where he was baptized in 1839, 
and where he graduated at the University of Ala- 



bama in 1846, under the administration of Dr. 
Basil Manly, Sr. In 1847 he was appointed tutor 
of Ancient Languages in the University of Ala- 
bama. He entered on a professorship in East Ala- 
bama Female College in the year 1852, and the 
following year he was ordained to the ministry by 
the Tuskegee Baptist church, continuing still to 
occupy his chair in the Female College. In 1855 
he assumed the pastorate of the Tuscaloosa Baptist 
church ; subsequently he became Professor of Greek 
in the University of Alabama, president of the 
Alabama Central Female College, and president of 
the Judson Female Institute at Marion, Ala., which 
position he retained until 1872, when he accepted 
the presidency of Mercer University, at Macon, Ga. 
Dr. Battle grew up amid the best social and re- 
ligious influences, and he comes from one of the 
first families of Georgia. He is a highly cultivated 
Christian gentleman, of refined manners, and su- 
perior social qualities, and with a character that 
commands universal esteem. His pastorates have 
been signally blessed by revivals, which brought 
large and valuable accessions to the church. One 
of the i-esults of a revival in the Tuscaloosa church, 
when he was its pastor, was the establishment of 
the Alabama Central Female College, an institution 
of learning which reflects the highest honor upon 
its founders, the first conception of which is due to 
Dr. Battle. He is a cultivated and polished preacher, 
and a favorite with all denominations, owing to his 
excellent spirit and sound evangelical views. While 
his sermons, which are usually written, are models 
of composition, they are elevated in thought, 
earnest in spirit, and chaste in expression. Had 
his life been devoted to the pastorate, he- would 
have attained a success rarely granted to ministers ; 
for while his preaching is pointed, clear, evangelical 
in doctrine, and practical in teaching, his pervasive 
piety, affectionate and sympathetic nature and re- 
fined delicacy, indicate the existence in him of the 
liighest and best attributes of a pastor. He is a 
sciiolar worthy to stand at the head of a noble in- 
stitution of learning; and he possesses adminis- 
trative ability which fits him admirably for the 
position. To great courtesy of manner he unites 
fiimness of purpose, excellence of judgment, and 
aptness for teaching and governing young men. 
In person he is six feet high. In 1869, during the 
interim between the call of Dr. Warren and the 
retirement of Dr. Skinner, he was invited to the 
pastorate of the Macon .church, and filled the posi- 
tion most acceptably and successfully. The degree 
of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by 
three institutions, — by Howard College, Ala., and 
Columbian College, Washington City, in 1872, and 
by the University of Georgia in 1873. He is the 
author of a work on the human will, which has 
elicited distinguished commendation, as manifest- 



BATTLE 



BATTLE 



ing, in a high degree, the attributes of an acute 
metaphysician ; while, as a belles-lettres scholar, 
he has long been recognized as ranking among the 
foremost. 

Battle, Cullen, M.D.— Dr. Battle was born 
■in North Carolina in 1785, where he spent his 
early manhood in the successful practice of his 
profession. In 1818 he removed to Powelton, 
(;!a., where he retired from the practice of medi- 
cine to attend to his increasing planting inter- 
ests. The cause of education, and every public 
interest, found in him an ardent advocate and a 
liberal benefactor. He was baptized in 1827 by 
Dr. Jesse Mercer, between whom and Dr. Battle 
there subsisted a warm and lifelong friendship. In 
1S36 he removed to Eufaula, Ala. Here he was 
prominent in civilizing and Christianizing the new 
country, and in every public work, and fostered 
the Baptist Church with a wise and tender care. 
In Tuskegee, where he resided several years, he 
rendered signal service to the church, to education, 
and to every good cause. Always a man of active 
mind, positive character, unfaltering energy, sound 
piety, and broad intelligence, he exercised great 
influence among his brethren and in society gen- 
erally. The hospitality of his home was famous. 
Of great wealth and libei-ality, his contributions to 
secular and religious enterprises were many and 
munificent. Mercer University, of which his son, 
Dr. A. J. Battle, is now president, received from 
him the largest sum for its endowment ever be- 
stowed on it by any man, save from its founder. 
Dr. Mercer. He also was a large contributor to 
Howard College and the East Alabama Female 
College. He always exhibited an active zeal for 
the welfare of the negro race. Dr. Battle was the 
father of A. J. Battle, D.D., Gen. C. A. Battle, 
of the Confederate army, and of Mrs. M. J. Shorter, 
Avife of Gov. Shorter: and was himself descended 
from a highly honorable Christian ancestry. He 
died in Eufiiula, Ala., in 1878. 

Battle, Elisha. — The ancestor of the large and 
influential family of Battles in North Carolina, 
Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia, was born in 
Nansemond Co., Va., Jan. 9, 1723. In 1748 he 
removed to Tar River, Edgecombe Co., N. C. ; 
joined the Baptist church, known as Falls of Tar 
River, in 1764, of which he was a deacon for 
twenty-eight years. He was often moderator of 
the Koiiukee Association ; was a member of the 
General Assembly for twenty years ; a member of 
tlie convention which formed the State constitu- 
tion ; and was chairman of the convention when 
the Federal Constitution and Bill of Rights were 
considered in a committee of the whole. He died 
in 1799, and Revs. Gilbert and Burkitt attended his 
funeral services, both preaching. 

Battle, Eev. Henry W., the gifted young pastor 



at Columbus, Miss., belongs to a distinguished 
family in the South, being a son of Maj.-Gen. 
Cullen A. Battle, and a nephew of A. J. Battle, 
D.D., president of Mercer University. He was 
born in Tuskegee, Ala., in 1855, and admitted to 
the practice of law at the age of nineteen ; but 
abandoning the most flattering worldly prospects, 
he entered the Southern Baptist Theological Sem- 
inary at Louisville, Ky., where he remained some 
time, and then accepted the pastorate of the First 
Baptist church at Columbus, Miss., where the suc- 
cess of his labors gives promise of great future 
usefulness. . 

Battle, Reuben T., was born Sept. 10, 1784, 
and died Dec. 6, 1849, in the sixty-fifth year of his 
age. For thirty years he was a deacon, and a 
prominent, useful, and benevolent man ; his whole 
chai'acter illustrated the truths of Christianity, 
the beauty of true piety, and the loveliness of char- 
ity. His large wealth enabled him, by his bene- 
factions, to aid greatly the cause of religion and 
to promote that of education. He was a most use- 
ful and enlightened citizen, a kind and self-sacri- 
ficing father and husband, and a staunch supporter 
of the interests of his denomination. 

His ancestors were Baptists, who fled fi-om Eng- 
land before our Revolution to avoid persecution, 
and his father, as well as the men of his mother's 
family, took an active part in the Revolutionary 
war. His fiither and mother were Jesse Battle 
and Susanna Fawcette, who resided in North Caro- 
lina when Reuben T. Battle was born. Two years 
after that event they moved to Georgia and settled 
in Hancock County, where Reuben grew up, in- 
heriting the homestead. In January, 1805, he 
married Betliiah Alexander, by whom he had three 
daughters, afterwards Mrs. Judge E. A. Nisbet, 
Mrs. C. M. Irwin, and Mrs. W. J. Ilarley. 

He was converted at an eai'ly age ; was baptized 
by Jesse Mercer, and united with the Powelton 
church, of which he remained an active and influ- 
ential member until his death, co-operating heartily 
with Dr. Jesse Mercer, John Veazy, Gov. Rahm, 
Judge Thomas Stock, and Thomas Cooper, all men 
of great piety and religious zeal. To Reuben T. 
Battle was Powelton mostly indebted for its excel- 
lent schools, both male and female, which rendered 
the village famous as a seat of learning. His piety 
was of a high order, and both the church and the 
community felt its influence. His hospitality was 
unbounded, and his large means enabled him to 
exercise it to the fullest extent. To the orphan 
and widow, to the sick and sorrowing, he was most 
attentive, and his relations to his numerous ser- 
vants were paternal, about whose temporal and 
spiritual interests he was always solicitous. He 
filled the office of deacon well, having labored in 
it for thirty years, in conjunction with John Yeazy, 



BA UMES 



BAYLOR 



at whose funeral he was taken ill, and he survived 
six days only. Co-laborers in the Lord's vineyard, 
they often together visited the sick and the afflicted, 
often mingled their prayers and tears, and often 
took sweet counsel together about the honor of 
God and the good of man. Useful in life, mourned 
at death, their memory is yet fragrant in the church 
they served faithfully for so long a period. 

Baumes, John B,., D.D., was born at Carlisle, 
N. Y., Dec. 28, 1833 ; graduated with honor from 
Madison University in 1857, and shortly after began 
legal studies in New York City. Being convinced, 
however, of his duty to preach, he gave up the law, 
and in the spring of 1858 returned to Hamilton to 
take a theological course. Immediately after com- 
pleting his theological studies, in 1859, accepted 
the call of the Baptist church at Westfield, Mass., 
where he was ordained and remained ten yeai-s. 
In 1861, after a short period spent in the chaplaincy 
of a New York regiment, became pastor of the 
First church. New London, Conn., where he re- 
mained until 1863, when the health of his wife 
having become impaired, he removed to Springfield, 
0., and assumed the chai-ge of the First church of 
that city. Here, in a few weeks, Mrs. Baumes 
died. A second church being formed in Spring- 
field, Dr. Baumes became its pastor, and labored 
with great success until 1872. 

In 1872, Dr. Baumes became editor and proprie- 
tor of the Journal and Messenger, of Cincinnati, 0., 
then in a declining state and embarrassed with 
debt. In a few years he succeeded in extinguishing 
this debt and in greatly extending the field and 
influence of the paper. In 1876 he sold his interest 
to Dr. G. W. Lasher, and, after a year or two of 
rest, began the publication of the Baptist Review, 
a quarterly which has already secured a paying 
list of subscribers. Dr. Baumes resides near Cin- 
cinnati, 0. 

"Baxter Baptized in Blood."— About 1673 
Baptists in England had everything to bear that 
could pain the heart and make life wretched. In 
that year, according to Ivimey, whose veracity and 
information are worthy of all credit, a pamphlet 
•was issued bearing the heading at the top of this 
article, and of which he gives the following sketch : 

" This work, which we have perused, gives an 
account of a barbarous murder committed by four 
Anabaptists at Boston, New England, upon the 
body of a godly minister named Josiah Baxter, for no 
other reason than that he had worsted them in dis- 
putation, which was set forth with all the circum- 
stances and formalities of names, speeches, actions, 
times, and place, to make it look the more authen- 
tic ; orderly and most pathetically describing the 
most execrable murder that ever was known, viz., 
of first stripping and cruelly whipping, then dis- 
emboweling and flaying alive a sound and godly 



minister in his own house, in the midst of the 
bowlings, groans, and shriekings of his dear rela- 
tions lying bound before him. And the better to 
create belief, this sad story is pretended to be pub- 
lished by the mournful brother of the said mur- 
dered minister, named Benjamin Baxter, living in 
Fenchurch Street, London. This infamous libel 
concludes in the following manner : ' I have penned 
and published this narrative in pei'peiuam rei me- 
nioriam, that the world may see the spirit of these 
men, and that it may stand as an eternal memorial 
of their cruelty and hatred to all orthodox minis- 
ters.'' Multitudes were thirsting for the blood of 
our Baptist brethren at this time, and this pam- 
phlet, written by some classical scholar, was the 
very thing to enrage the whole nation against 
them ; and it had that for its object. After the 
murder should have taken place some twenty days, 
a vessel sailed from Boston for London ; and the 
master of this ship and three other persons took 
an affidavit before the Lord Mayor that they never 
heard of Mr. Josiah Baxter, that there was no 
such murder reported in America, and that they 
believed the story to be a very great falsehood. It 
was a murderous fabrication. But so dangerous a 
forgery was it that Mr. Kiffin, a man of great Avis- 
dom, and of much influence with Lord Clarendon, 
felt compelled to bring it before the King's Council ; 
and so fitted to shed innocent blood by mob vio- 
lence was it regarded that the Council, though 
without any love for Baptists, issued an order 
through the Gazette, which, after describing the 
story, declared ' the whole matter to be altogether 
false and fictitious.' " 

Bayliss, Bev. William H., was born near 
Augusta, Ga., in 1806 ; educated at the University 
of Georgia, Athens ; practiced law many years in 
Georgia and Mississippi ; was converted at Her- 
nando, Miss., and immediately commenced preach- 
ing ; was pastor of First Baptist church, Nash- 
ville, Tenn., the churches at Marshall and Waco, 
Texas, the church at Shreveport, La., and Coliseum 
Place church. New Orleans; in all served twelve 
churches. He was president of the Bible Board, 
Southern Baptist Convention at Nashville, and also 
of Louisiana Baptist Convention. He was a man 
of noble presence, and possessed oratorical gifts of 
the highest order. His labors in Mississippi, Ten- 
nessee, Louisiana, and Texas were productive of 
great good in bringing souls to Christ. 

Baylor Female College, Independence, Wash- 
ington Co., Texas. Until 1866 this institution con- 
stituted " Th? Female Department of Baylor Uni- 
versity." It is located about three-fourths of a mile 
from it. It has educated a large number of the 
most prominent women of Texas, and sustains the 
reputation of a first-class female college. Its build- 
ings, apparatus, and library are superior. For 



BAYLOR 



BAYNHAM 



nineteen years Horace Clark, LL.D., was its presi- 
dent. His successors liave been B. S. Fitzgerald, 
A.M., Rev. Henry L. Graves, A.M., Col. W. W. 
Fontaine, A.M., and Rev. William Royall, D.D. 
In 1878, Rev. J. H. Luther, D.D., was elected presi- 
dent. It sustains a relation to the Texas Baptist 
State Convention similar to that of Baylor Uni- 
versity. It had 90 pupils for the year 1877-78. 

Baylor, Hon. E.. E. B., was born in Bourbon 
Co., Ky., May 10, 1791 ; studied law in Kentucky ; 




i 



was deeply impressed by the preaching of Jere- 
miah Vardeman, whom he considered a pulpit orator 
of the first grade. He removed to Alabama, and 
practiced law at Cahaba and Tuscaloosa. Was a 
member of the U. S. Congress from the Tuscaloosa 
district for two terms. He was converted in Tal- 
ladega County in 1839, and was licensed to preach. 
Shortly afterwards he removed to Texas. Partici- 
pated in the struggles against Mexicans and In- 
dians in 1842-44. Served in the Texan Congress, 
and for twenty-five years was a judge of the Cir- 
cuit Court, embracing Washington, Fayette, and 
other leading counties of the State. For a short 
time he was on the Supreme Court bench. Wherever 
he held courts he there also preached, often decid- 
ing cases on the bench during the day and holding 
a protracted meeting at night. He was a man of 
commanding presence, fine oratorical powers, genial 
disposition, and attractive manners. His religious 
character aided him no little in his judicial career, 
at a time and aTnong a people accustomed to vio- 
lence, lawlessness, and misrule. He thoroughly 
identified himself with the people of God wherever 
7 



he went. He served as moderator of the Union 
Association, president of the State Convention, and 
president of the board of trustees of Baylor Uni- 
versity at difi^erent times. Baylor University was 
named after him. He and William M. Tryon drew 
up and procured the enactment of its charter, and 
he gave to the institution its first $1000 at a time 
when money was exceedingly scarce in the young 
republic. The last ten years of his life were spent 
chiefly in attending religious meetings. He died 
Dec. 30, 1873, and his remains are buried a short 
distance in the rear of the first edifice erected for 
the institution named after him. His memory is 
pi-ecious among all classes of people in the State 
of Texas. 

Baylor University, Independence, Washington 
Co., Texas, was chartered by the republic of Texas 
in 1845. Its location is unsurpassed in Texas for 
society, salubrity, and scenery. It has educated 
in whole or in part over 3000 persons. Many of 
the most prominent ministers of the gospel, law- 
yers, physicians, mei-chants, and planters in Texas 
were trained in this institution. It had in 1878 a 
corps of 6 instructors, 2 professorships, endowed 
in part, 94 students, and a valuable library. The 
society and officers' libraries contain about 3000 
volumes. The value of its grounds, buildings, etc., 
is estimated at $35,000. The amount proposed to 
be raised for endowment is $200,000, and for other 
}>uildings $25,000. Its presidents have been Rev. 
Henry L. Graves, A.M., Rev. R. C.Burleson, D.D., 
Rev. George W. Baines, A.M. The present incum- 
bent. Rev. William Carey Crane, D.D., LL.D., has 
been president since July, 1863. The standard of 
education is equal to that of the principal American 
institutions, and a special course is promised for 
young men studying for the gospel ministry. An- 
nual tuition is from $30 to $60. The average 
age of students is higher than any other Texas 
college, being near nineteen years. The Texas 
Baptist State Convention appoints five of its trus- 
tees annually, and receives its yearly report. 

Baynham, Rev. William A., M.D., was born in 
Essex Co., Va., Oct. 19, 1813. His father was Dr. 
William Baynham, F.R.S.L., also a native of Vir- 
ginia. Young Baynham received a thorough early 
training in several of the best schools in the neigh- 
borhood, and in 1828 entered the University of Vir- 
ginia, although under the age required by the 
regulations of that institution, continuing three 
years in the literary schools, and the remainder of 
the time, up to 1834, attending lectures in the medi- 
cal schools, and taking his degree in medicine in 
that year. In the fall of 1834 he went to Phila- 
delphia, and attended medical lectures there until 
1836. In 1834 he professed a hope in Christ, and 
in 1835 became a member of the Episcopal Church ; 
but on a change of views respecting baptism and 



BE ALL 



91 



BECK 



other doctrines, -was baptized by the Rev. A. D. Gil- 
lette, D.D., into the fellowship of the Sansom Street 
Baptist church, Philadelphia, in February, 1836. In 
the same year he returned to Virginia, and united 
with the Enon Baptist church, Essex County. He 
practiced medicine for one year only ; was then 
ordained to the ministry, and in 1842 was invited 
to the pastorate of the Enon church, which he ac- 
cepted, and wliich he has faithfully served to the 
present time. In 1854, Dr. Biiynham also took 
charge of the Upper Zion church, Carolina County, 
where he still preaches, and in addition to which 
he lias supplied two other fields of labor. He occa- 
sionally contributes to the Religioiis Herald; has 
been for some years a trustee of Richmond College, 
and at different times connected with one or more 
of tlie denominational boards. 

Seall, Hon. E.. L. T., was born in Westmore- 
land Co., Va., May 22, 1819, and after pursuing 
his studies in the neighl)oring schools, entered 
Dickinson College, Pa., where he remained about 
a year and a half. He then pursued the study of 
law at home for about eighteen months; entered 
the law scliool of the University of Virginia, where 
he graduated in 1838, and Ijegan the practice of his 
profession in 1839. Although averse to politics, 
being the only Democratic lawyer in the two couu- 
ties when he practiced law, ho was obliged to 
answer all Whig orators who chanced to speak in 
tiiat district. He was elected a member of Congress 
in 1847, but dei'lined a re-election. In 1850 he was 
elected a delegate to tlie convention to reform the 
State constitution of Virginia; and in 1859 was 
elected to the Senate of the same State, in wiiicli he 
served two sessions and then resigned. In 1861, on 
the In-eaking out of tiie war, Mr. Beall joined, as a 
private, a cavalry company, and was soon elected 
first lieutenant. He received in 1861 commissions 
of captain and then major from the State; in 1862 
commissions of lieutenant-colonel and colonel from 
the Confederate States; and in 1865 that of briga- 
dier-general. He was a most efficient officer and 
was wounded several times. At the close of tlie 
war he returned to his practice, and in 1878 was 
nominated for Congress. Mr. Beall was baptized 
by his eldest son, the Rev. Geo. W. Beall, into the 
fellowship of the Miichedoc church. Va., in 1873. 
He is deeply interested in all denominational 
movements, and takes an active part in the pro- 
ceedings of district and State Associations. He 
holds the position of vice-president of the General 
Association of Virginia, and also of the Historical 
Society. Mr. Beall was a contributor to that ex- 
cellent magazine, the Southern Literar;/ Messenger, 
and has written occasionally for the press, both 
secular and religious. He was united in marriage 
to Miss Lucy M. Brown, of Westmoreland Co., 
Va., May 28,"l840. 



Beaver Sam. — The seat of Wayland Academy, 
on the Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, 61 miles 
northwest of Milwaukee, the commercial centre of 
one of the riciiest portions of Wisconsin. To the 
Baptists of Wisconsin the place is associated with 
the early struggles of the denomination in found- 
ing and establishing its institution of learning, — 
Wayland Academy. 

Beck, Rev. Andrew J., a trustee of Menur 
University, was born in Hancock Co., Ga., in 1850. 
A regular graduate of Mercer University ; so(m 
after graduation lie edited an agricultural paper 
in Atlanta for some time, but feeling himself called 
to preach, he was ordained to the ministry. He 
was prevailed upon, however, to accept the posi- 
tion of principal of the Perry High School, wliicli 
he held for several years, but declining health com- 
pelled him to abandon the school-room and engage 
in the more active labors of a secular life until 
sufficiently restored to perform pastoral labor. 
After serving the Marietta church for some years, 
he became connected with the editorial corps of 
the Christian Lidex ; afterwards moving to JMll- 
ledgeville, the old ca|>ital of the State, he took 
charge of the Baptist church, — a responsible posi- 
tion, the duties of which he still discharges. Mr. 
Beck is a fine thinker, a good preacher and pastor, 
and one of the rising ministers of Georgia. 

Beck, Hon. Joseph Marcus, one of tiie judges 
of the Supreme Court of Iowa, was born in Cler- 
mont Co., 0., near the village of Bethel, April 21, 
1823. His family removed to Jeflferson Co., Ind., 
in October, 1834. He was educated at Hanover 
College, Ind., read law in Madison, in the office 
of Judge Miles C. Eggleston, and was a<lmitted to 
the bar in 1846. May 1, 1847, he became a resi- 
dent of Iowa, and soon after settled in Montrose. 
In 1850 he removed to Fort Madison, of which he 
is still a citizen. He was actively engaged in the 
practice of the law until 1867. when he was elected 
judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and has 
been continued in the position by two subsequent 
elections. He was chosen to the bench of the 
Supreme Court from the bar, having previously 
held no judicial or other public offices, except tliose 
of mayor of Fort Madison and prosecuting attor- 
ney of Lee County. The parents and grandparents 
of -Judge Beck were Baptists. His mother's fiither, 
Isaac Morris, was born in Wales, and was a Bap- 
tist minister of prominence in Harrison Co., Va. ; 
he was the father of Tliomas Morris, a U. S. Sena- 
tor of Ohio. Judge Beck was baptized in 1842, 
becoming a member of the church in Madison. 
Ind., and he was the superintendent of its Sundav- 
school while he was a law student. He was one 
of the constituent members of the Fort Madison 
church. He has been, for more than eleven years, 
the superintendent of the Sunday-school connected 



BECK 



92 



BED DOME 



with the Iowa State Penitentiai'y at Fort Madison, 
and for twenty years he has been president of the 
board of trustees of the Burlington Collegiate In- 
stitute. 

Seek, Rev. Levi G., was born in Philadelphia, 
Aug. 20, 1810; baptized into the fellowship of 
the Fourth Baptist chui-ch of that city in Septem- 
ber, 1830; licensed to preach Aug. 5, 1833; or- 
dained in January, 1835; labored two years as a 
missionary in Montgomery Co., Pa., during which 
the Mount Pleasant Baptist church was organized 
and their meeting-house erected. In 1836 he be- 
came pastor of the church at Milestown, Pa. In 
1839 he took charge of the church at Upper Free- 
hold, Monmouth Co., N. J. In February, 1844, he 
settled as pastor of the First Baptist church in 
Trenton, N. J., and in 1849 he took charge of the 
church in Flemington, N. J. In 1851 he removed 
to Philadelphia and took the oversight of the North 
Baptist church, and superintended the erection of 
their church edifice. He removed to New Britain, 
Bucks Co., Pa., and succeeded in remodeling and 
enlarging their house of worship. In 1859 he was 
called to the church in Pemberton, N. J., and he 
had the pleasure of seeing their present commodi- 
ous house of worship erected and paid for. In 
1864 he removed to Chester, Pa., the First church 
then numbering but 28 members; and in about 
two years a handsome house of worship, 46 by 80 
feet, was erected, paid for, and occupied by a good 
congregation. In 1866 he became secretary of 
the Pennsylvania Baptist General Association, and 
held the office for fourteen years, to the great ad- 
vantage of the cause of Christ in Pennsylvania. 
Mr. Beck succeeded in every place where he labored, 
and he is one of the purest and most devoted men 
known to the writer. 

Beck, Rev. Thomas J., Sr., was born in Bun- 
combe Co., N. C, Dec. 2, 1805, of pious parents. 
On reaching his majority he moved to Wilkes Co., 
Ga., where he was converted and baptized in 1833, 
joining the Rehol)oth church. He was ordained at 
New Providence church, in Warren County, in 
1835, and, during a ministerial career of twenty- 
seven years, preached to various churches in War- 
ren, McDuffie, Columbia, Taliaferro, Greene, and 
Wilkes Counties. At his death he had charge of 
four churches. He died in Warren Co., Ga., Sept. 
2, 1862, at the age of fifty-six. 

The chief features of his character were firmness, 
boldness, humility, modesty, sincerity, and kind- 
ness. Utterly free from envy, he praised the worthy 
<lee(ls and superior talents of others. He was 
lionust in the scriptural sense of the term, and 
there was nothing mean or selfish in his nature. 
He was very successful in winning souls to -Jesus 
and in building up and strengthening the churches 
he served, and, according to his talents and educa- 



tion, few have done more for the denomination in 
Georgia than he. He was a true Baptist, and in 
hearty sympathy with the great principles and doc- 
trines which are peculiar to our denomination. He 
was a diligent student of the Bible and a very 
effective speaker, delivering what he had to say in 
an earnest, hearty, straightforward manner. As a 
pastor he had few superiors. Not many ministers 
were more successful than he in building up 
churches and in establishing and utilizing their 
membership. He always left his churches in a 
better condition than they were when he took 
charge of them. He was greatly beloved and es- 
teemed as a pastor, as a Christian, as a neighbor, 
and as a man, and in every relation which he 
sustained his life was a blessing. In his family 
his Christian life shone most brightly, and his walk 
with God appeared most intimate. He looked care- 
fully after the salvation of his children, and before 
his death had the pleasure of baptizing all but 
one, who, then only ten years old, was afterwards 
baptized at fourteen. In his life we have a striking 
exemplification of the truth that in obedience to 
and in close communion with God lie the true 
secret of success and usefulness in the service of 
Christ. Mr. Beck always appeared before his peo- 
ple as if he had just come out from the presence 
of God, and his hearers received his messages 
gladly, and many of them were converted. 

Beckwith, Mayhew, was a governor of Acadia 
College, a member of the Nova Scotia House of 
Assembly, the treasurer of the Baptist Hone Mis- 
sionary Board, and a warm friend of the Baptist 
denomination. He died at Cornwallis in 1871, 
aged seventy-two years. 

Beddome, Rev. Benjamin, was born at Hen- 
ley, England, Jan. 23, 1717. He was baptized in 
London in 1739. He was educated at Bristol Col- 
lege and at the Independent College, Milend, Lon- 
don. He was ordained to the Baptist ministry at 
Bourton-on-the-Water, Sept. 23, 1743. He con- 
tinued pastor of this church till Sept. 3, 1797, Avhen 
he rested from his labors and entered the church 
in glory. 

Mr. Beddome was accustomed to prepare a hymn 
to be sung every Lord's day after his morning ser- 
mon. These compositions were collected when he 
died and published in a volume, and since that 
time they have been placed in most selections of 
hymns in the English language. For the last eight 
years of his life he gave away in charitable con- 
tributions the entire money he received as salary 
for his services. 

"In his preaching he laid Christ at the founda- 
tion of religion as the support of it ; he placed him 
at the top of it as its glory ; and he made him 
the centre of it, to unite all its parts, and to add 
beauty .and vigor to the whole." "His inventive 



BEEBEE 



93 



BEECH 



faculty was extraordinary, and threw an endless 
variety into his public services. Nature, provi- 
dence, and grace had formed him for eminence in 
the church of Christ." lie was loved and honored 
by the whole Baptist denomination in England and 
America in his day. Rhode Island College, now 
known as Brown University, gave him the honorary 
dL'gree of A.M. Three volumes of his sermons 
were published after his death. 

Beebee, Alexander M., D.D., son of Alexander 
M. Beebee, LL.D., of the New York Baptist Regis- 
ter, was born in Utica, Feb. 6, 1820 ; graduated at 
Madison University in 1847, and Hamilton Theo- 
logical Seminary in 1849: pastor in Jordan, N. Y., 
1849-50: 1850, Professor of Logic and English 
Literature in Madison University ; Lecturer on 
Sacred Rhetoric, 1857-61 ; at present Professor of 
Homiletics in Hamilton Theological Seminary, and 
Professor of Logic in Madison University. 

Beebee, Alexander M., LL.D., was bom in 
Newark, N. J., Sept. 29, 1783. He graduated with 




ALEXANDER JI. BEEBEE, I-L.D. 

honor at Columbia College, N. Y., in the class of 
1802. After leaving college Mr. Beebee studied 
law with Ogden Hoffman, Sr., having Washington 
Irving and James K. Paulding as fellow-students. 
With Mr. Irving he formed a friendship which only 
death ended. He practiced law in New York till 
1807, when he transferred his business to Skan- 
cateles. There he followed his profession for fif- 
teen years, and became a leading member of the 
Ijar of Onondaga County. 

While living in Skaneateles he lost his first child, 
and his distressed heart found no rest till Jesus in- 



spired in it the hope of heaven. He joined aBapt'st 
church seven miles from his residence, the nearest 
one to his house. Now the legal professicm had 
lost its attractions. In 1824 there was no Baptist 
newspaper in the State of New York, and only 
three or four in the United States. In 1825, Mr. 
Beebee accepted the editorship of a very small sheet 
called the Baptist Register, and soon the paper in- 
creased in size and in subscribers, and it became a 
great blessing to the rapidly-growing Baptist de- 
nomination in Central New York. Mr. Beebee 
conducted the Register until a short period before 
his death, in November, 1856. " Mr. Beebee was 
one of the noblest and gentlest of men, a burning 
and a shining light in our Zion. He belonged by 
birth and social position to the aristocracy of intel- 
lect and wealth in the metropolis. He was a man of 
broad intellect, generous culture.'' childlike faith, 
and boundless charity, and of such loyalty to Christ 
that he would sacrifice nothing which he taught fur 
the gift of a globe or the smiles of all humanity. 
In 1852 Madison University conferred the degree 
of LL.D. upon Mr. Beebee. 

Beech, Rev. Henry Hudson. — The subject of 

this sketch is the pastor of the Baptist church in 
I Sheboygan Falls, Wis. He is a native of Eaton, 
Madison Co., N. Y., where he was born in 1843. 
He spent his childhood and youth in Eaton and 
Hamilton, N. Y., and when older, on a farm, in 
Augusta, Oneida Co., N. Y. Having decided the 
question of his call to the work of the ministry, he 
began a course of study when yet under twenty 
years of age with that end in view. He was grad- 
uated fiom Shurtleff College, 111., in the class of 1866, 
and from Newton Theological Seminary, Newton 
Centre, Mass., in the class of 1869. In January, 
1870, he was ordained by the Market Street Baptist 
church in Zanesville, 0., where he began the ac- 
tive work of his ministry as the stated supply of 
that church. His first pastorate was with the Syca- 
more Street Baptist church (now Grand Avenue), 
Milwaukee. Leaving Milwaukee, he had two pas- 
torates in Minnesota, — at Owatonna and Lake City. 
Returning in 1877 to AVisconsin, he settled as the 
pastor of the Baptist church in Sheboygan Falls, 
his present field of labor. During the war he en- 
listed as a private in the 133d Regiment, Illinois 
Volunteers, in which he served 100 days. 

Mr. Beech is an earnest and faithful minister of 
the gospel and a good pastor. His preaching is 
pointed, vigorous, and searching. He abounds in 
evangelical fervor and earnestness. He has a 
clear conception of the distinctive doctrines of tlip 
church of which he is a minister. He has a heart 
style of writing and speaking that arrests attention 
and wins favor. He is the popular and valuable 
secretary of the Wisconsin Baptist State Conven- 
tion, in whose work he takes a deep interest. 



BELCHER 



94 



BENEDICT 



Belcher, Joseph, D.D., was born in Biiniin<r- 
h;un, England, April 5, 1794. In 1814 he put his 
trust in Jesus as his Saviour, and in 1819 he was 
ordained as pastor of the church at Somershain. 
lie was pastor of sevei-al churches in England, and 
he founded one. In 1844 he crossed the Atlantic- 
and visited the United States. He became pastor 
that year of a Baptist church in Halifax, Nova 
Si!otia ; three years later he took charge of the 
Mount Tabor church, Philadelphia. 

He edited the complete works of Andrew Fuller, 
and was the author of the following: "The Re- 
ligious Denominations of the United States," Lives 
(if Carey, Whitefield, the Haldanes, and Robert 
Raikes, and also of " The Tri-Jubilee Sermon of 
the Philadelphia Association." 

"His store of facts, anecdotes, and illustrations 
was inexhaustible, he abounded in useful sugges- 
tions, his conversation was full of instruction and 
wisdom." 

His death was eminently peaceful. When a 
dear one inquired, " Is Jesus precious to you 
now?" he replied with energy, " Yes, ten thousand 
times more precious than ever." 

Belden, E,ev. Clarendon Dwight, A.M., son 
of Deacon Stanton and Antoinette P. (Manchester) 
Belden, was born in North Providence, R. I., May 
3, 1848; graduated at Brown University in 1869; 
studied theology at Crozer Theological Seminary ; 
was ordained to the Baptist ministry in Philadel- 
phia ; now settled as pastor in Austin, Minn., 
where he has been greatly prospered. 

Belden, Deacon Stanton, A.M., son of Martin 

and Prudence (Shales) Belden, was born in Sandis- 
field, Mass., Jan. 15, 1808 ; united with the Bap- 
tist church in Colebrook, Conn., under Rev. Rufus 
Babcock, in 1822; graduated at Yale College in 
1833; founded the Fruit Hill Classical Institute, 
in North Providence, R. I., in 1835, and, with the 
exception of four years, remained the honored and 
successful principal till 1861, receiving students 
from all parts of the world except Asia; was or- 
dained deacon of the Fruit Hill Baptist church. 

Bell, A. K., D.D., was born Dec. 9, 1815, in 
Bhiir Co., Pa. He was renewed by divine grace 
when he was seventeen years of age, and baptized 
into the fellowship of the Logan's Valley Baptist 
church. lie graduated at Washington College, 
Pa., in 1842. He was ordained the same year in 
Pittsburgh. His first pastorate was in HoUidays- 
burg, and the second in Logan's Valley. In 1854 
he accepted the office of treasurer and general 
agent of the university at Lewisburg. In 1859 
he became pastor of the Sandusky Street church, 
Alleghany City, one of the strongest churches in 
the State. In 1865 he received t'le title of Doctor 
of Divinity from Lewisburg. In 1870 failing health 
Eoiiipelled him to resign his pastorate. In 1871 he 



visited Europe, and on his return spent several 
years in HoUidaysburg, preaching, and part of the 
time being pastor in Altoona. In 1878 he resumed 
his old position as treasurer of the Pennsylvania 
Baptist University. 

Dr. Bell belongs to a family full of generous 
impulses and deeds, and he bears the stamp of his 
near kindred. He is an able preacher, a devout 
Christian, a blameless man, and a successful pas- 
tor. 

Benedict, David, D.D., the Baptist historian, 
was born in Norwalk, Conn., Oct. 10, 1779. His 




DAVID BENEDICT, D.D. 

love for historical reading and investigation de- 
veloped itself in early life. At twenty he made a 
profession of his fiiith in Christ. Religion did for 
him what it has done for so many thousands of 
others, — quickened his intellectual nature, and 
made him aspire after something elevating. He 
entered Brown University, where he graduated in 
1806. Soon after he was ordained as pastor of the 
Baptist church in Pawtucket, R. I., where he re- 
mained twenty-five years. During all this time he 
had been busy in gathering, from every part of the 
country, the materials out of which to form a com- 
prehensive history of the Baptist denomination, 
and had sent to press several volumes relating to 
the subject of his investigations. After retiring 
from his pastorate, he gave himself with great dili- 
gence to the work of completing the task he had 
undertaken. He felt it to be his special vocation 
to do this work, and he made everything bend to 
its accomplishment. Among his published writings 
are the following : " History of the Baptists, "'1813 ; 



BENEDICT 



95 



BENEDICT 



" Abridgment of Robinson's History of Baptism," 
1817; "Abridgment of History of the Baptists," 
1820; "History of all Religions," 1824; "History 
of the Baptists Continued," 1848 ; " Fifty Years 
among the Baptists," 1860. He wrote also a his- 
tory of the Donatists, which was completed just 
before he was ninety-five years of age, and which, 
since his death, has been printed. All through his 
life he was in the habit of writing much for the 
public press. He took a leading part in the found- 
ing of various religious organizations in his de- 
nomination, in promoting the cause of education, 
in the formation of new churches, etc. He carried 
the habits of hard work, which he had formed in 
the maturity of his years, down to the close of life. 
He was remarkably favored with good eyesight, 
and his vision was unimpaired to the last. At the 



had grown so large, that he went out with a colony 
and founded a church in Norfolk Street. His la- 
bors were blessed with great prosperity, but in the 
height of his power and usefulness, and in the 
prime of life, he passed away, lamented Ijy all who 
knew him. He was a natural orator, devoted to 
his work, social in manner, fervid, zealous, and 
persuasive. His place was always thronged, and 
conversions and baptisms were continuous during 
the seventeen years of his labor in the last-named 
churches. 

Benedict Institute, The, is located at Colum- 
bia, S. C. The house is 65 feet wide and the same 
depth. It is two stories high ; it has a wide ve- 
randa. It is located in a beautiful park of 80 acres, 
full of fine trees; it has numerous out-buildings. 
It is chiefly the generous gift of Deacon Benedict, 




THE BENEDICT INSTITUTE, COLUMBIA, S. C. 



time of his death he had been the senior member 
of the board of trustees of Brown University for 
sixteen years, and had been in the corporation for 
fifty-six years. Dr. Benedict died at Pawtucket, 
Dec. 5, 1874, having reached the great age of ninety- 
five years one month and twenty-five days. 

Benedict, Rev. George, a Baptist clergyman, 
was born in Southeast, Dutchess Co., N. Y., April 
15, 1795, and died Oct. 28, 1848. His youthful 
days were spent with his parents in Danbury, 
Conn. He united with the Baptist church in that 
place in the twenty-second year of his age. He 
was licensed to preach May 12, 1822, and in 1823 
was settled and ordained as pastor of the chuixh. 
He served the church in Danbury eight years, when 
he accepted the charge of the Stanton Street Bap- 
tist church, of New York, a new interest of only 
about 200 members. After ten years the church 



of Rhode Island, and his noble wife, for the Chris- 
tian education of colored ministers. 

Benedict, Deacon Stephen, son of Thomas and 
Zelota (Sprague) Benedict, was born in Milton, 
Saratoga Co., N. Y., Jan. 15, 1801 ; removed to Paw- 
tucket, R. I., and became a manufacturer of cotton 
goods ; for thirty-seven years a partner with Hon. 
Joseph AVood ; afterwards conducted the business 
alone ; industrious, careful, and successful ; united 
early with the First Baptist church in Pawtucket, 
under his half-brother, Rev. David Benedict, D.D. ; 
a deacon of the church about twenty-five years; 
presidentof two banks; a man of superior judgment, 
and highly esteemed ; died Dec. 25, 1868, nearly 
sixty-eight years of age; left in his will, among 
other worthy legacies, $2000 to the American Bap- 
tist Home Mission Society, to which his devoted 
and excellent widow has added, at different times, 



BENJAMIN 



96 



BENTLY 



sums now amounting to about $30,000, with which 
has been purchased, and largely sustained, the 
widely-known Benedict Institute in Columbia^ S. C, 
for the education of the freedmen ; and donations 




DEACON STEPHEN BENEDICT. 

by this widow of about $1000 a year are still con- 
tinued. Really, the Benedict Institute is her work, 
and should be counted in history as a monument to 
her largeness of heart and her Christian benevo- 
lence. 

Benjamin, Rev. Judson, was born in Rodman, 
N. Y., Feb. 2, 1819. He graduated at Brown Uni- 
versity, in the class of 1846. lie took a partial course 
of study at the Newton Theological Institution ; 
was ordained at Providence, R. I., Oct. 13, 1848. 
Having received an appointment as a missionary, 
he sailed from Boston, Oct. 21, 1848, and arrived at 
Tavoy, in Burmah, April 9, 1849. In March, 1 850, 
he removed to Mergui, where he devoted himself 
specially to the work of the conversion of the Ta- 
laings. Mergui was given up as a station in 1853, 
and Mr. Benjamin was transferred to Maulmain. 
He returned to his native country in 18.54, and died 
at Boston, Feb. 20, 1855. 

Bennett, Rev. Alfred, was born in Mansfield, 
Conn., Sept. 26, 1780. In his eighteenth year, in 
a powerful revival of religion with which Mansfield 
was blessed, he was drawn to Jesus by the Spirit 
of God. He was baptized in February, 1800, and 
united with the Baptist church in Hampton. In 
February, 1803, he became a resident of Homer, 
Courtland Co., N. Y. He was ordained pastor of 
the little church of Homer, June 18, 1807. He 
was visited with great revivals of religion, the result 



of no imported human agency, but of the special 
power of the divine Spirit upon the prayers and 
labors of pastor and people. This required a larger 
edifice in 1812; and in 1827 it rendered necessary 
the sending forth of two colonies as churches, one 
locating at Cortland and the other at McGrawville. 

He rendered much service as a missionary in the 
"Holland Purchase," and in Tioga, Steuben, and 
Allegany Counties. He was one of the most in- 
defatigable and successful workers that ever toiled 
for Jesus in the Empire State. There was no 
benevolent or Christian cause that appealed to his 
heart or purse in vain. In 1832 he resigned his 
pastorate to accept an agency from the Executive 
Board of Foreign Missions, to plead the cause of 
the perishing heathen in the churches. To this 
cause he devoted all his energies and the rest of 
his days; and the Lord greatly blessed his public 
and private appeals. He died May 10, 1851, in pos- 
session of perfect peace. 

Mr. Bennett was a man of great benevolence ; he 
had superior mental powers; he was an effective 
speaker ; he was a holy man ; the Crucified was 
everything in his heart and in his ministry ; he 
was the best-known minister in several counties, 
and the love with which he was regarded was in- 
tense enough to hand down his memory with rever- 
ence to several succeeding generations. 

Bentley, Rev. William, son of Thomas and 
Abigail Bentley ; born in Newport, R. I., March 
3, 1775 ; on the capture of the city by the British 
in 1777 removed with liis pai-ents to Providence, 
R. I. ; at the age of fourteen went to Boston ; 
joined the First Baptist church, under Dr. Samuel 
Stillman, June 5, 1791 ; transferred his member- 
ship to the Second Baptist church, under Dr. 
Thomas Baldwin ; was induced to give himself to 
the ministry ; commenced preaching in 1806 ; or- 
dained at Salem, Mass., Oct. 9, 1807; settled as 
pastor of the Baptist church in Tiverton, R. I. ; in 
1812 removed to Worcester, Mass., and became 
pastor of a church which he had instrumentally 
established ; in 1815 settled as pastor in Wethers- 
field, Conn., and labored with great success foLsix 
years; afterwards labored with marked efficiency 
and power as an itinerant and missionary in dif- 
ferent parts of Connecticut; was distinguished for 
tenderness, devotion, purity, boldness, energy, and 
faithfulness; died Dec. 24, 1855, greatly beloved 
and lamented. 

Bently, Bev. Samuel N., was born in 1822, in 
Stewiack, Nova Scotia, and joined the Baptist 
church there when quite young. He studied at 
Acadia College and at Newton Theological Semi- 
nary. He was ordained at Liverpool, Nova Scotia, 
Nov. 23, 1851, and became pastor of North church, 
Halifax, in 1856. He w.as secretary of the Baptist 
Home Missionary Board. He died Nov. 28, 1859. 



BERNARD 



97 



BETHEL 



Bernard, James C. — ^Mr. Bernard was bom 
in Logan Co., Ky., in 1807. He was converted 
in 1833, and baptized by Rev. Robert Anderson. 
The next year he removed with his family to 
Qiiincy, 111. At that time there was no Baptist 
church in Quincy. In 1835 he removed to the 
then new settlement of Payson, and united with 
the little Baptist church which had recently been 
organized there. He returned to Quincy in 1843, 
and united with the First Baptist church in that 
city. Soon after that he was elected to the of- 
fice of county clerk for Adams County, and at the 
expiration of his term was re-elected. He served 
the First church for a number of years as deacon, 
and also as superintendent of the Sabbath-school. 
When the Vermont Street church was organized, 
he with his family went into the new organization, 
and his time, energy, and means were bestowed 
without stint in sustaining that new interest. Here 
also he was chosen deacon and superintendent, in 
both of which offices he continued to labor effici- 
ently until his removal to Chillicothe, Mo., in 1865. 
In 1871 he returned to Quincy in failing health, 
and at the prayer-meeting, just at the close of a 
few remarks, he was stricken with paralysis, and 
fell into the arms of some of the brethren who 
happened to be near him. He lingered for two 
years, a helpless invalid, before the release of death 
came. For a number of years in succession he 
had been either modei-ator or corresponding secre- 
tary of the Quincy Association, and was, until his 
health so completely failed, active and useful in 
various conspicuous positions. 

Berry, Hon. Joel H., an eminent Baptist dea- 
con, who died at Baldwyn, Miss., in 1874, was born 
in South Carolina in 1808 ; served four years in the 
Legislature of his native State; removed to Tippah 
Co., Miss., in 1843 ; was four years in the Missis- 
sippi Legislature and eight years in the State Sen- 
ate. As a Christian he was abundant in every 
good word and work, giving a consistent example 
and active personal labors, and contributing largely 
but unostentatiously of his ample means to the 
cause of God. 

Bethel College is located at Russellville, Ky., 
on the Louisville and Memphis Railroad, 143 miles 
southwest from Louisville. It was projected by 
Bethel Baptist Association in 1849. The main 
college building was erected, and a high school was 
opened in it, under themanagement of B. T. Blewett, 
A.M., Jan. 3, 1854. In 1856 a new charter was se- 
(oured, and the institution entered upon its career as 
la college, under the presidency of Mr. Blewett, in the 
fall of 1856. The institution was prosperous until 
the breaking out of the civil war. In 1861-62 the 
buildings were used for a hospital. In 1863 the 
college was reopened under the presidency of Rev. 
George Hunt. On the resignation of Mr. Hunt, in 



1864, J. W. Rust, A.M., was elected president. 
Under his management the institution continued to 
gain strength, until he was compelled by impaired 
health to resign, in February, 1868. He was suc- 
ceeded by Noah K. Davis, LL.D. In 1872 the 




HdX. .JOEL H. BERRY. 

president's house was built, at a cost of $7000. In 
1873, Dr. Davis resigned to take the chair of Moral 
Philosophy in the University of Virginia, and the 
discipline of the college was committed to Prof. 
Leslie Waggener, as chairman of the faculty. In 
1876-77 the northern long hall was built, at a cost 
of $20,000, " to furnish board to students at re- 
duced ;rates." In 1877, Prof. Leslie Waggener was 
elected president, and is still in that office. 

Since the war Bethel College has steadily pros- 
pered, and is now one of the most flourishing insti- 
tutions of learning in the West. The faculty 
numbers 5 professors and 2 tutors, and the cata- 
logue of 1876-77 shows the attendance of 127 stu- 
dents. The college has an endowment in stocks, 
bonds, and real estate estimated at $100,000, besides 
the college ground and buildings. 

Bethel Female College is located in Hopkins- 

ville, Ky. It was erected under the auspices of 
Bethel Baptist Association for the higher educa- 
tion of women, and was chartered in 1854. The 
buildings cost about $30,000. Prof. J. W. Rust i-- 
and has been for several years past the president 
of this flourishing institution. 

The average number of students is about 100. 
The management and discipline of the college arc 
excellent, and few schools in the country oflTer bet- 
ter facilities for the education of young ladies. 



BIBB 



BIBLE 



Bibb, Rev. Martin, was bom in Amherst Co.. 
Va., Aug. 19, 1824, and in 1829 his father, with 
his family, located at what is now Sewell Depot, 
on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, in West 
Virginia. He united with the church in his twen- 
tieth year, and very soon began to speak in prayer- 
meetings and to superintend a Sunday-school ; was 
licensed to preach in 1849. Acted as colporteur 
of the American Tract Society until 1852, when 
he was ordained and took charge of churches. 
He was pastor of churches in Fayette, Nicholas, 
and Kanawha Counties until 1861, when he re- 
moved to Giles Co., Va. In 186.5 he returned to 
his home and resumed his work with his churches, 
but after a brief period moved to Monroe County, 
remaining five years. He now resides in Hinton, 
on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and devotes 
all his time to the Hinton church. He has acted 



cognates had been rendered by words signifying 
"immerse," "immersion,"' etc. The English trans- 
lation had been made the standard to which all 
other translations should conforjn and not the in- 
spired originals, and the founders of the Union felt 
compelled by consistency to demand that on the 
principle of fidelity translations in all languages 
should be conformed to the Hebi'ew and Greek 
texts. Hence the constitution of the Union defines 
its purpose thus : " To procure and circulate the 
most faithful versions of the Sacred Scriptures in 
all languages throughout the world." Under this 
broad provision it selected ripe scholars from nine 
different Christian denominations in Europe and 
America, to whom it committed the revision of the 
English Bible. This was the first organized at- 
tempt ever made to apply the accumulated fruits 
of Biblical scholarship, since 1011, to a revision 




as clerk of Associations for about twenty years, 
and has frequently written for the press. During 
his ministry he has baptized about 1000 persons 
and has preached a large number of sermons. 
Many of his positions have required hard work 
and self-denial, and he has had gracious evidences 
of the divine blessing. 

Bible Union, The American, was formed in 
New York, June 10, 1850, by a number of indi- 
viduals, chiefly Baptists, who had co-operated with 
the American and Foreign Bible Society, until it 
decided that it was not its duty to revise the com- 
mon English Bible, nor to procure such a revision 
from others ; and so would confine its circulation 
in that tongue to that version. The Baptists of 
America had withdrawn from the American Bible 
Society because it refused aid to the Bengalee and 
Burmese translations, made by Baptist mission- 
aries, in which the Greek term. iSanngu and its 



of the English Bible for the benefit of the un- 
learned reader, and it met with the most deter- 
mined resistance. But in an unswerving adherence 
to a divine principle the attempt \\'as pushed, be- 
lieving that both ignorance and prejudice must 
yield at last to the demands of true scholarship. No 
expense was spared to secure the oldest translations 
of the Bible, copies of the ancient manuscripts, and 
other aids for making the revisions and translations 
as perfect as possible. Nor M'ere the scholars em- 
ployed restricted as to time and free conference. 
The New Testament passed through three thorough 
revisions, the first covering a period of eight years, 
the second four, and the third more than two. 

The following are the rules for the government 
of the scholars employed by the Union in revising 
the Engli.sh New Testament, namely : 

"The received Greek text, critically edited, with 
known errors corrected, must be followed. 



BICKKL 



99 



BIGGS 



" The common Englisli version must be the 
basis of revision, and only such alterations must 
be made as the exact meaning of the text and the 
existing state of the language may require. 

" The exact meaning of the inspired text, as 
that text expressed it to those who understood the 
oi'iginal Scriptures at the time they vpere first writ- 
ten, must be given in corresponding words and 
phrases, so far as they can be found in the English 
language, with the least possible obscurity or in- 
definiteness." 

Under the operation of these rules not only the 
English, but the Spanish and Italian New Testa- 
ments have been revised. And the same general 
principles have been applied in revising the Eng- 
lish Old Testament, that is, the books of Genesis, 
Exodus, Joshua, Ruth, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 
Kings, 1 and 2 Chronicles, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, 
etc., and also in the new translations of the New 
Testament into the Chinese character and the 
Ningpo colloquial. In these forms the Union has 
circulated over a million copies of the Scriptures, 
and althougji at present its work has been largely 
suspended for want of necessary funds, it has cre- 
ated such a demand for a corrected English Bible 
as now takes hold of the public mind, and cannot 
be relaxed till this aim is accomplished in harmony 
with the real wants of the age. 

Bickel, Rev. Dr. P. W., was bom in Weinheim, 
grand duchy of Baden, Germany, Sept. 7, 1829. 
In his youth he received a thorough training in 
the dead languages in the Bender Classical Insti- 
tute of his native place, where he studied for six 
years. An enthusiastic adherent of liberal politi- 
cal views, he became involved in the struggle in 
Baden in 1848. The revolution being overthrown, 
Mr. Bickel left his native land and came to America, 
spending the first years of his sojourn as a printer, 
and engaging also to some extent in literary efibrts 
and teaching. At that time he was a confirmed 
infidel. But it pleased God to give hira the light 
of heavenly truth. He was converted and baptized 
into the membership of the Baptist church of Wau- 
kegaw, Wis. Feeling impelled to preach the faith 
which he had formerly attacked, Mr. Bickel repaired 
to Rochester, N. Y., where he graduated from the 
Rochester Theological Seminary in 1855. Even 
while he was a theological student his ability as a 
talented writer manifested itself. His first field of 
labor was Cincinnati, 0., where, among a German 
population of formalists and avowed skeptics, he 
succeeded in gathering a warm, loving German 
church. He labored as German city missionary in 
Cincinnati, 0., from 1855 to 1857; was ordained 
pastor of the German church formed through his 
labors in September, 1857, and continued his pas- 
torate with increasing success from 1857 to 1865. 
During a large portion of his pastorate he was 



editor of the monthly periodical of the Western 
German Baptist Conference, and of a Sunday-school 
paper, superintending at the same time the publi- 
cation work of that Conference. In 1865 the Ger- 
man Baptists in America uniting in a Triennial 
Conference appointed Mr. Bickel secretary of the 
newly-formed German Publication Society, and 
editor of its weekly periodicals. Tiiis position he 
filled ably, wielding a facile pen and showing great 
practical talent in furthering the publication work. 
As a recognition of his various and eminent ser- 
vices the degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred 
upon him by Granville College, Ohio. In 1878, 
Dr. Bickel was selected by the American Baptist 
Publication Society, and by the Baptists in Ger- 
many, to establish and superintend a Baptist pub- 
lication work in Germany. Dr. Bickel is now 
performing these duties in Hamburg, and editing 
at the same time the new weekly Baptist paper 
issued in Germany. The work is in a very pros- 
perous condition. Dr. Bickel is an excellent writer, 
a good poet, a man of high culture, gifted with 
great practical talent, one of the most useful of the 
German Baptist ministers, a man whose life and 
work will prove <a lasting blessing to German Bap- 
tists in Europe and America. 

Biddle, Rev. William P., was born in Princess 
Anne Co., Va., Jan. 8, 1787. Mr. Biddle began to 
preach early in life, and coming to North Carolina, 
married, in Feliruary, 1810, Mary N., the daughter 
of Gen. Samuel Simpson. He was present at the 
formation of the Baptist State Convention in 1830, 
as was also his son. Col. H. S. Biddle, and w-as until 
his death, which occurred in Newberne, Aug. 8, 
1853, thoroughly identified with all the enterprises 
of the denomination. Being a man of large wealth 
he preached gratuitously, and thus, as he drew 
near the close of his life, did a serious injury to 
the churches to which he ministered. He was emi- 
nent for a devout spirit, a godly walk, and a large 
measure of usefulness in his day. 

SiggS, Rev. David, was born in Camden Co., 
N. C, in 1763. He commenced preaching when 
thirty years of age. He removed to Virginia in 
1792, and was pastor eighteen years of the Baptist 
church at Portsmouth. In 1810 he removed to 
Kentucky, and took charge of Georgetown, Bethle- 
hem, and Silas churches, in Bourbon County. In 
1820 he came to Missouri, and settled in Pike 
County, and preached to Mount Pleasant, Ramsey 
Creek, and Bethlehem churches, and organized the 
Noix Creek church. He labored with marked suc- 
cess for fifty years, and the prosperity of the de- 
nomination in Northeast Missouri is largely due to 
his ministry. He died Aug. I, 1845, in his eighty- 
third year. 

Biggs, Deacon Noah, is one of the most liberal 
and useful laymen of North Carolina, a merchant 



BIGOTRY 



100 



BINNEY 



of Scotland Neck, a trustee of Wake Forest Col- 
lege, and a lover of all good men and good works. 
He was born in Martin Co., N. C, in 1842, and was 
baptized in 1876. 

Bigotry, Baptist. — The Baptists regard every 
man as a Christian who truly repents and who 
puts his entire trust in the atoning merits of Jesus 
for the salvation of his soul. They believe that 
such a regenerated man will enter heaven from the 
membership of any church, evangelical or hetero- 
dox, or even from the great world outside of all 
churches. They think that such children of God 
should show their love to Jesus by keeping his 
commandments ; but whether they are immersed 
or not, it is the iirm conviction of all Baptists that 
the entire earthly regenerated family of Jesus, of 
all names, will be saved in glory. They love all 
the true followers of Jesus wherever they find 
them, from Pascal, the Catholic, to William Penn, 
the Quaker. This love is a great reality ; and it is 
quite as strong as the love of a Methodist for a 
Presbyterian, or of a Presbyterian for an Evangel- 
ical Episcopalian, or of a Dutch for a German Re- 
formed. Nay, we think it quite as potent as the 
affection which a Reformed (Covenanter) Presby- 
terian beai-s to the great Presbyterian body of this 
country, or which a follower of Dr. Henry A. 
Boardman, or of Albert Barnes, bears to the re- 
ligious descendants of the grand men who framed 
and adopted the " Solomon League and Covenant."' 
The writer has extensive knowledge of the charity 
of Pedobaptists for Baptists, and he gives it as his 
deliberate conviction that Baptist charity for godly 
persons who are not in their own fold is very largely 
in excess of the love which our Pedobaptist brethren 
cherish for us. If there was a standard by which 
charity could be measured, we should, without hesi- 
tation or delay, submit Baptist and Pedobaptist 
love for each other to its decision without any doubt 
about the result. And if it be objected that we do 
not admit unimmersed Pedobaptists to the Lord's 
table, we reply that the exclusion springs from 
no want of charity, for we do not bring our own 
unbaptized converts to the Lord's table, whom we 
love with the warmest affection. Baptism, as Bap- 
tists and nearly all Pedobaptists view it, is a pre- 
requisite to the Lord's Supper, and heaven-revealed 
charity does not require or permit the sacrifice of 
heaven-revealed truth. No charity requires a 
Calvinist to give up his inspired creed to please an 
Arminian ; no charity demands from a Democratic 
Republican the surrender of his just political prin- 
ciples to gratify a monarchist/; and if charity re- 
quires a Baptist not only to give his love to an 
unbaptized Christian, but to surrender his Bible 
baptism to please the prejudices of his believing 
Pedobaptist brother, it is not in harmony with his 
teachings who says, "Buy the truth and sell it 



not,"' "Hold fast the form of sound words which 
thou hast heard of me in faith and love, which is 
in Christ Jesus." Our motto about charity is, 
" Love for Christians and all mankind, and supreme 
love for God and his truth." This is Baptist 
bigotry. 

Bill, Hon. Caleb R., brother of Rev. Ingram E. 
Bill, and a member of Billtown Baptist church, 
Nova Scotia ; became wealthy by careful attention 
to business. He was a member of the Nova Scotia 
Parliament for several years, and at confederation 
became a member of the Senate of Canada, and so 
continued till his death, in 1872. Senator Bill left 
a handsome bequest to the Foreign Missionary 
Board of the Maritime Provinces. 

Bill, Rev. Ing^ram E., was born in Cornwallis, 
Nova Scotia, where he was converted, and joined 
the Cornwallis Baptist church ; ordained at Nic- 
taux, March 3, 1829 ; became pastor of the Bap- 
tist church at Fredericton, New Brunswick, in 
1841. In 1842 he resumed the pastorate at Nic- 
taux. In 1852 he became pastor of Germain 
Street Baptist church, St. Johns, New Brunswick. 
Subsequently he became editor of the Christian 
Visitor, and so continued for over twenty years. 
Mr. Bill is now the useful pastor of the Baptist 
church, St. Martins, New Brunswick. 

Bingham, Rev, Abel.— In 1828, this brother 
having been a preacher among the Tonawanda In- 
dians, was sent from Western New York to es- 
tablish a mission among the Indians at Sault Ste. 
Marie. At this post he labored steadily for twenty- 
five years, being useful with the soldiers there sta- 
tioned, as well as in his own work. Amid many 
discouragements his patient continuance stood him 
in good stead. When the scattering of the tribes 
made it necessary to abandon the mission, he re- 
tired to the society of his children at Grand Rapids, 
and, through a serene and loved old age, passed to 
his rest in 1SG5. 

Binney, Joseph GetcheU, D.D., was bom in 
Boston, Mass., Dec. 1, 1807, and was educated at 
Yale College and Newton Theological Seminary. 
He was ordained at West Boylston, Mass., in 1832, 
and settled at Savannah, Ga., where his ministry 
was remarkably successful. His congregation was 
large and intelligent, and grew rapidly in number 
and efficiency. Their interest in foreign missions 
was especially marked, and large contributions 
were regularly given to the cause. In 1843 the 
acting board of the Triennial Convention urged 
him to engage in the foreign missionary work, and 
also "to establish and conduct a school for the 
training of a native ministry among the Karens." 
He was also requested to unite with his missionary 
associates in inaugurating a system of general ed- 
ucation for the Karens, then but recently known, 
but who had received the gospel with great alac- 



BINNEY 



101 



BISHOP 



rity. A school was opened by Dr. Binney in M:iul- 
luain, May, 1845, with 13 adult pupils, all converts 
from heathenism, and who had already been quite 
useful in making known to their countrymen, as 
best they could, the gospel truth. At first instruc- 
tion in the Bible only was given, but afterwards in 
arithmetic, geography, and astronomy. The school 
increased each year in numbers and efficiency, and 
quite an advance was made in the grade of the 
studies. At the end of five most encouraging 
years, the health of Mrs. Binney, who had taken 
an active part in teaching, fiiiled, and Dr. Binney 
and she were obliged to return to America. The 
school became almost extinct during the three en- 
suing years, as but little time could be devoted to it 
by the brethren who were actively engaged in mis- 
sionary work. After Dr. Binney's return to this 
country, in 1853, he was engaged for a while as 
pastor at Elmira, N. Y., and subsequently at Au- 
gusta, Ga. In 1855 he was invited to accept the 
presidency of the Columbian College, which he did, 
remaining in that position only three years, yet 
long enough to give an influence to its methods of 
instruction and discipline which it still feels. An 
urgent call from his missionary associates in Bur- 
mah, and i)flportunate solicitation on the part of 
prominent brethren in this country upon Dr. Bin- 
ney to return and resume his labors of instruction 
in the Karen Seminary, induced him, in 1858, to 
resign the presidency of the college and to enter 
again on the work for which he was so admirably 
fitted, and which lay so near his heart. He sailed 
for Burmah in 1859, at which time the seminary 
was removed from Maulmain to Rangoon, the new 
capital of British Burmah. The seminary opened 
with 80 pupils, and for a while the whole labor of 
conducting it, with much additional work of preach- 
ing, translating, and publishing, fell upon Dr. Bin- 
ney, assisted by his faithful wife. From this time 
until 1876 the seminary was blessed with an unin- 
terrupted career of prosperity and usefulness. A 
literary department was added to it, buildings 
erected, text-books printed, treatises on anatomy, 
physiology, and hygiene, a manual of theology, 
and manuscript works on mental and moral science 
prepared. His onerous labors during this pro- 
tracted period greatly impaired the health of Dr. 
Binney, and in November, 1875, being entirely 
prostrated in health, he was obliged to leave the 
seminary in the care of the Rev. Sau Tay and return 
to America. After a brief sojourn in this country, 
with health somewhat improved, he sailed again for 
Burmah in the fall of 1877. being accompanied by 
Mrs. Binney, but he died upon the voyage, Novem- 
ber 26, and was buried in the Indian Ocean. His 
work in Asia will be his enduring monument. 
More than 300 Karen ministers were educated by 
him, and they have accomplished an amount of 



good among their countrymen which no man can 
measure. As a thinker. Dr. Binney had a clear, 
incisive, analytic, and unusually logical mind. As 
a preacher, he was impressive, dignified, and in- 
structive. As a teacher, he stimulated the dullest 
into quickness and accuracy of thought ; while, as 
a man, there was a humility, sincerity, trust, and 
oneness of purpose in all his acts that stamped him 
as one of the very best of the good ministers of 
Christ. 

Birt, Caleb Evans, son of the Rev. Isaiah Birt, 
was born at Devonport, England, on March 11, 
1795. In his seventeenth year he entered Cam- 
bridge University with a view of studying for the 
bar. His conscience was aroused and agitated by 
the prospective necessity of signing the articles of 
the Church of England. The conflict of mind 
ended in his abandonment of the plan of life he 
had cherished, and he determined to devote him- 
self to the ministry of the gospel among his own 
people, the Baptists. He was baptized by liis 
brother, the Rev. John Birt, then pastor of the 
Baptist church at Hull, and made his first pulpit 
efforts in that neighborhood. Soon after he was 
entered at Bristol College as a ministerial student, 
whence he proceeded to Edinburgh University. At 
the close of his studies, in 1816, he was invited to 
become pastor of a church in Derby, and was or- 
dained in the following year. After ten years' 
labor in Derby he removed to Portsea, where he 
labored until 1837, when he was invited to Broad- 
mead church, Bristol. In 1844 he removed to 
Wantage, and held the pastoral charge of the church 
there until his death, Dec. 13, 1854, aged sixty 
years. His high character and fervent piety, 
together with the advantages of a liberal education, 
qualified him for eminent usefulness. In Portsea 
particularly his ministry was remarkably success- 
ful, and his memory is aS"ectionately cherished 
throughout the community. 

Bishop, Miss Harriet E., the third daughter 
of Putnam and Miranda Bishop, was born in 
Panton, Addison Co., Vt., Jan. 1, 1818. At 
thirteen she was converted and baptized by Rev. 
John A. Dodge in Lake Champlain, and for 
several years was the youngest member of the 
church in her native town. She remained a mem- 
ber of that church until the organization of the 
First Baptist church of St. Paul. Minn. The read- 
ing of the memoirs of Harriet Newell and Ann 
II. Judson awoke a missionary spirit which never 
slept. Where she should labor was a subject of 
serious consideration whilst the pi-eparatory work 
of securing an education was going on. In 1840 
the Board of National Popular Education called 
for its first class of female Christian teachers for 
destitute portions of the West. She entered this 
open door, and at once commenced her life-work. 



BISHOP 



102 



BISHOP 



July 13, 1847, the teaoher arrived at a govern- 
ment Indian trading town having the unclassic 
name of " Pig's Eye." A few rude homes stood 
on the bluff, but there was not a Cliri^tian man or 
woman in one of them. Here the queenly city of 
St. Paul now flourishes. There was no meeting- 
or school-house within 500 miles. About two 
weeks after Miss Bishop arrived she organized a 
Sunday-school which is a mighty power ; at present 
the school of the First Baptist church. For several 
months she labored without a Christian helper in 
the school. At the close of the year a part of her 
school formed the nucleus of one organized by the 
Jletliodists, and another portion for one organized 
by the Presbyterians ; the larger number of scholars, 
however, remained in the original school. Mean- 
while, the log-cabin school had grown into a pio- 
neer seminary. Though the only Baptist at the 
Indian trading-post for one year, she ever remained 
true to her convictions of Bible truth. Feeble 
churches have been strengthened by her wise 
counsels. Missions, both home and foreign, have 
ever been clierished and efficiently aided by her 
laljors. Nol)ly has she advocated the temperance 
reformation, visiting prisons and the homes of 
drunkards to rescue them from hopeless ruin. 
Though now in the evening of life, heart and 
hands are ever busy in gospel work. 

Bishop, Hon. Jesse P., was bom in New Haven, 
Vt., June 1, 1815. After a childhood and youth 
of many vicissitudes and much toil, he removed in 
1836 to Cleveland, 0. In 1837 he entered the 
Senior class of Western Reserve College, graduating 
the following year. In 1839, having completed his 
law studies, he began legal practice as a member 
of the firm of Card & Bishop. In 1856 he was 
elected to the Common Pleas judgeship of his 
county, and served ti) the end of the term with 
great satisfaction, botli to the members of tiie pro- 
fession and to the puljlic. At the end of the term 
he declined re-election, and resumed the practice 
of law. In this he still continues, having associated 
with him his son L. J. P. Bishop, and Seymour F. 
Adams. 

Judge Bishop has led a very busy and earnest 
life. As a judge he was accurate and discrimina- 
ting ; as a lawyer, he is considered one of the most 
reliable and well informed in the city of Cleveland. 
He has a fine memory and a comprehensive mind, 
and is seldom mistaken in his decision. For firty- 
five years he has been an honored and trusted mem- 
ber of the First church of Cleveland. His uniform 
courtesy, his tried integrity, his sincere and unsel- 
fish friendship, his liberality, and his blameless 
life, have attracted to him universal respect and 
esteem. • 

Bishop, Nathan, LL.D., was born at Vernon, 
Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1S08. He irraduated at 



Brown University, where he also served for some 
time as tutor. For years he was a member of the 
board of liis alma matei\ and afterwards he was 
one of the Fellows. He was a superintendent of 




schools in Providence, and subsequently for some 
years in the city of Boston ; while in the latter po- 
sition Harvard University showed its appreciation 
of his great abilities by conferring on him the 
degree of Doctor of Laws. 

After removing to New York City he was ap- 
pointed by the governor a member of the State 
Board of Charities, and by President Grant a 
member of the United States Indian Commission. 
He has served for years on the Board of the Amer- 
ican Ba[)tist Home 3Iission Society and in many 
similar positions. He was chairman of the Finance 
Committee of the American Committee of Bible 
Revision. He served for two years as corrcirjiond- 
ing secretary of the Baptist Home Missionary 
Society without compensation, and when ho re- 
tired from the office, in 1876, he paid its entire 
indebtedness, amounting to $30,000. 

About twenty-five years ago he married the 
widow of Garrett N. Bleecker, a daughter of Deacon 
Ebenezer Cauldwell, of New York City. Dr. and 
Mrs. Bishop for many years have given princely 
contributions to all the great benevolent enter- 
prises of the Baptist denomination. 

For the last fifteen years Jie was a member, dea- 
con, and trustee of the Calvary Baptist church of 
New York. He was snecially interested in the 
education of the Creedmen, and gave liberally for 



BITTING 



103 



BIXBY 



that object, lie died at Saratoga Springs, Aug. 7, 
1880. 

lie was a man of rare- talents, benevolence, and 
integrity. He was unostentatious, earnest, and hum- 
ble. The world seldom has the death of such a 
man as Nathan Bishop to lament. 

Bitting:, C. C, D.D., was born in Philadelphia, 
Pa., March, 1830: was graduated from the Central 




High School in 18.50; baptized at the age of seven- 
teen by the Rev. J. L. Burrows, D.D., and united 
with the Broad Street Baptist church. After having 
prosecuted his studies at Lewisburg and Madison 
Universities, he was engaged in teaching in the 
Tennessee Baptist Female CoU'ege at Nashville, and 
after its removal, at Murfreesborough, Te"nn. Hav- 
ing been ordained to the work of the ministry while 
here, he was invited to the pastorate of the Mount 
Olivet and Hopeful Baptist churches, in Hanover 
Co., Va., at that time two of the most prominent 
county churches in the State ; he accepted the po- 
sition, and after a period of the most successful 
labor in this field, he was chosen, in 1859, the pas- 
tor of the Baptist church in Alexandria, Va. In 
1866, Dr. Bitting was urged to accept the secretary- 
ship of the Sunday-School Board of the Southern 
Baptist Convention, located in Greenville, S. C, 
which he did; but on the removal of the board to 
Memphis, Tenn., he became pastor of the Baptist 
church in Lynchburg, Va., and removed there in 
May, 1868. His labors here were eminently suc- 
cessful. More than 300 united with the church in 
that place during his pastorate of four years, and 
thus it became one of the strongest and most effec- 



tive societies in the State. In 1872 he was chosen 
district secretary for the Southern States of the 
American Baptist Publication Society, with liead- 
quarters at Richmond, Va., but in the following 
year he became pastor of the Second Baptist church 
in that city. While in Richmond, Dr. Bitting's 
labors were manifold, for wiiile pressed with the 
cares of a large congregation he was also acting as 
statistical secretary of the Virginia Baptist General 
Association and chairman of the Memorial Com- 
mittee of the Virginia Centennial to secure an en- 
dowment for Richmond College. In September, 
1876, he became pastor of the Franklin Square 
Baptist church, Baltimore, Md., where he still la- 
bors with marked success. Dr. Bitting is one of the 
most pojiular preachers in his State. He is studious 
in his pulpit preparations, and earnest and eloquent 
in his preaching. He has also made valuable ad- 
ditions to the literature of the denoiniiiatioii. In 
1874, Dr. Bitting visited Europe, Palestine, and 
Egypt. Furman University conferred upon liim 
the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. 

Bixby, Moses H,, D.D., was born in Warren, 
Grafton Co., N. H., Aug. 20, 1827. He became a 




MOSES H. BIXHV, D.D. 

hopeful Christian at the early age of twelve, and 
when quite young had his thoughts turned to the 
Christian ministry. After ten years devoted to 
study, the latter part of the period being spent at 
a college in Montreal, he was ordained in Vermont 
in 1849. During the next threeyears— 1849-52— he 
preached in Vermont, where his labors were greatly 
blessed. In 1852 he was appointed l)y the Mission- 
ary Union to the Burmnn field, and continued in 



BLACK 



104 



BLACKWOOD 



service for about four years, — 1852-56, — at the end 
of which period he returned to this country, on ac- 
count of what proved to be the fatal illness of his 
wife, and for three years was pastor of a church in 
Providence, intending, when the providence of 
God should open the way, to return to Buruiah. 
In 1860 he once more entered upon his missionary 
work, devoting himself especially to the Shans, 
for whose spiritual welfare he labored for eight 
successive years, — 1861-69. Worn down by his ex- 
cessive and protracted work, he again returned to 
his native land, and once more established himself 
in Providence, R. I. Commencing his ministerial 
labors in a destitute but growing part of the city, 
he gathered a new Baptist church, which was or- 
ganized in October, 1870, and is known as the 
" Cranston Street church." This church and the 
Sunday-school connected with it have had a re- 
markable growth, and in point of numbers rank 
"with the largest churches and Sunday-schools in 
the city. Dartmouth College, in 1868, conferred 
on him the honorary degree of Master of Arts, 
and the Central University of Iowa, in 1875, that of 
Doctor of Divinity. 

Black, Col. J. C. C. — An eminent lawyer of Au- 
gusta, Ga., a deacon in the First Baptist church in 
that city, and a trustee of Mercer University, — a 
man of unquestionable ability, integrity, and de- 
votion to principle, and a refined, social, Christian 
gentleman. He was born in Scott Co., Ky., May 9, 
1842 ; completed his college course at Georgetown 
College, Ky., in 1862; entered the Confederate 
army as a common soldier, under Gen. Morgan, 
and was promoted to be colonel of his regiment. 
In 1865 he moved to Augusta, Ga., entered upon 
the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 
1866, and to-day he is one of the best thinkers and 
most eloquent pleaders in the State. 

Mr. Black has been a Sunday-school superin- 
tendent, a representative in the Legislature of the 
State, president of the Young Men's Christian As- 
sociation, and in every way an able, earnest, zeal- 
ous Christian worker. Of a charitable disposition, 
he is pleasant in conversation, popular in his man- 
ners, stern in his principles, and thoroughly iden- 
tified with the Baptist cause. Honored for his 
abilities and beloved for his generous qualities, he 
■wields great moral influence in the community 
where he dwells, 

Blackall, Christopher E,., M.D.— Dr. Blackall 
is known chiefly for his long and efficient service 
in connection with the American Baptist Publica- 
tion Society. 

He was born in Albany, N. Y., in 1830. He 
graduated from Rush Medical College, of Chicago, 
and early in the history of the civil war^was com- 
missioned a surgeon of the 33d Infantry Regiment^ 
of Wisconsin. After efficient service in that capa- 



city, he resigned and was honorably discharged, 
and he settled in Chicago, 111. 

In May, 1866, he accepted an appointment as 
general superintendent of the Chicago Sunday- 
School Union, and a year later was appointed dis- 
trict secretary of the American Baptist Publica- 
tion Society for the Northwest. His great success 
in managing the business department of the society 
committed to him, and of promoting the Sunday 
school work on that extensive field, is well known. 

In 1879, by appointment of the society, he was 
transferred to New York, and assumed the man- 
agement of its branch house in that city. 

Dr. Blackall is the author of the well-known 
charming cantatas " Belshazzar" and "Ruth." 
He has .also largely contributed to our Sunday- 
school literature. Among his works may be men- 
tioned " Lessons on the Lord's Prayer," " Our Sun- 
day-School Work, and How to do it," " Nellie's 
Work for Jesus," "Gems for Little Ones." For 
eight years he edited Our Little Ones, also the 
"Bible Lessons." His industry, fidelity, tact, so- 
cial nature, and Christian devotion fit him for the 
eminent- position he has so long filled. 

Blackmail, Rev. James F., a prominent 
preacher of the Ouachita region, Louisiana, a 
native of the State, was born in 1828, and brought 
up to the occupation of a printer and publisher. 
He was active and successful in the ministry. He 
died Dec. 11, 1874. 

Blackwood, Rev. A. D., Avas born in Orange 
Co., N. C, June 10, 1820 ; baptized November, 
1838 ; ordained in Alabama in December, 1846 ; 
has preached 3600 times, and baptized 1000 per- 
sons ; was much blessed in pioneer and revival 
work, and was moderator of Raleigh Association for 
eight years. He is now pastor at Corey, N. C. 

Blackwood, Rev. Christopher, was born in 
1606, and graduated at the University of Cam- 
bridge. He was rector of a parish in Kent at 
the beginning of the Parliamentary war. 

In 1644 the Rev. Francis Cornwell, in preaching 
a sermon at Ci'anbrook, in Kent, before a number 
of ministers and others, stated that infant baptism 
was an anti-Christian innovation, a human tradi- 
tion, and a practice for which there was neither 
precept, example, nor true deduction from the Word 
of God. On hearing this several of the ministers 
were greatly startled and seriously offended, and 
after service they agreed to examine the sulyect and 
to report the result of their investigations at their 
conference within a fortnight. Mr. Blackwood 
studied the subject thoroughly, and felt compelled 
to renounce infant baptism forever. He presented 
his views on paper to the brethren, which none of 
them pretended to answer ; and he subsequently 
published them. He did not continue long in the 
national church after this ; for he disapproved of 



BLAIN 



BLEAKNEY 



an established church as much as he disliked in- 
fant baptism. The Pi-esbyterians wrote against 
him not only because of his rejection of infant 
baptism, but because of his advocacy of liberty of 
conscience. 

He gathered a Baptist church at Spilshill, near 
Staplehurst, in connection with Richard Kings- 
worth, and labored in that field until the opposi- 
tion of his co-pastor to the doctrine of personal 
election led him to retire from the church. Mr. 
Blackwood received the whole counsel of God, and 
he would neither hide the truth nor promote dis- 
cord. 

He entered the army as a chaplain and went to 
Ireland, probably with Gen. Fleetwood and Lieut.- 
Gen. Ludlow. He formed a Baptist church in 
Dublin, which grievously offended the Pedobaptists 
of that city ; and of this church he was the pastor for 
several years. The Baptists at this period in Ire- 
land were quite numerous, and they held impor- 
tant positions in the English army. Mr. Harrison, 
a Pedobaptist, writing to Thurloe, Cromwell's chief 
secretary, says of Mr. Blackwood, '' He is the oracle 
of the Anabaptists in Ireland." He was regarded 
as " a very learned man," better acquainted with 
the early Christian fathers than most men in his 
day. He was the author of several valuable works, 
which were very popular, and which rendered 
effective service to the cause of truth. 

Blain, Rev. John, was born in Fishkill, N. Y., 
Feb. 14, 1795 ; converted at the age of fifteen ; united 
with the First Baptist church in Albany, under 
Rev. Joshua Bradley ; studied for the ministry, 
and began preaching in 1819 ; served various 
churches, and labored as an evangelist in New 
York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachu- 
setts ; was blessed w^ith powerful revivals ; a leader 
in the temperance movement ; baptized about 3000 
persons ; preached more than 9500 sermons ; as- 
sisted in nearly 100 revivals; married about 2000 
couples ; spoke in about 1000 different places ; gave, 
while living, to home and foreign missions more 
than $19,000, and left his property to missions ; had 
three brothers, who were also preachers. He died 
in Mansfield, Dec. 26, 1879, in his eighty-fifth year ; 
a man of great spiritual might. 

Blake, E. Nelson.— Mr. Blake, at present the 
leading partner in the Dake Bakery, an extensive 
and prosperous establishment in Chicago, was born 
in 1831, at West Cambridge, now Arlington, Mass. 
Changes in the family, caused by his father's death, 
interfered with his studies at an early age, and 
threw upon him unusual responsibilities. His 
proficiency at school, nevertheless, was such that 
opportunities to begin life as a teacher were opened 
to him. Declining these, he chose a business life, 
removing to California with this view in 1850. 
Some brilliant openings for acquiring a large for- 



tune were offered him, but a pledge to his family 
that he would not make California a permanent 
home compelled him to decline all such, and he 
returned East in 1853. Engaging in business in 
Boston, he made such progress that in 1869 he was 
able, in company with others, to purchase the 
Dake Bakery in Chicago, which has since grown 
to the dimensions of the largest establishment of 
the kind in this country. To remarkable business 
capacity Mr. Blake unites perfect integrity, and at 
the same time a spirit of Christian liberality which 
prompts him to use his large means in enterprises 
of Christian usefulness. He was converted at the 
age of nineteen, and uniting with a Baptist church, 
began a career of Christian activity in various de- 
partments of church work, in which he still finds 
great delight. His membership is now with the 
Second church in Chicago. As a trustee of the 
university and of the theological seminary, he has 
rendered important service, helping both institu- 
tions in their pecuniary straits with a free and 
open hand. His donations to the seminary, in 
particular, are believed to aggregate more than 
that of any other man. 

Blakewood, Rev. B. W., LL.D., an active and 
zealous worker in the Louisiana Association, was 
born in South Carolina, and is about fifty years of 
age. After a literary course he studied medicine 
in Philadelphia and New York, and was offered 
the chair of Surgery in Oglethorpe Medical Col- 
lege. Subsequently he graduated in law at Har- 
vard University. He came to Louisiana about the 
year 1850 as a Baptist, having been immersed in 
Georgia in 1849. He settled on Bayou de Glaise, 
and became an active promoter of the cause of the 
Baptists. He has filled many important positions, 
— moderator of Louisiana Association, vice-presi- 
dent of the Baptist State Convention, president of 
the State Sunday-School Convention, and a mem- 
ber of the Legislature. A few years ago Dr. Black- 
wood was ordained to the ministry, and is zeal- 
ously devoting himself to the work. 

Blanton, Rev. William C, was born in Frank- 
lin Co., Ky., Feb. 3, 1803. He was baptized into 
the fellowship of the Forks of Elkhorn church in 
1827, and ordained to the ministry in 1833. After 
preaching one year as a licentiate, he accepted a 
call to the pastoral care of Lebanon and North 
Benson churches. With these churches he labored 
until near the time of his death. At different pe- 
riods he preached as supply for Pigeon Fork, Mount 
Pleasant, Providence, and Buffalo Lick churches. 
His great zeal, unaffected piety, and the " sweet 
simplicity" of his preaching won the hearts of the 
multitudes, and by him many were led to the Sa- 
viour. He died at his home in his native county, 
Aug. 21, 1845. 

Bleakney, Rev. James, was born in New 



BLEDSOE 



BLISS 



Brunswick, and ordained in 1833. He was pastor 
at Norton, TJpham, Little River, and Gondolon 
Point churches. His labors as missionary in the 
northern counties and other parts of New Bruns- 
wick were highly useful. He baptized over a 
thousand converts. He died Dec. 14, 1861. Three 
of his sons — W. A. J. Bleakney, James E. 
Bleakney, and J. C. Bleakney — are useful pastors 
in Nova Scotia. 

Bledsoe, Hon. Thomas W., was born in Green 
Co., Ga., April 11, 1811 ; was for several years presid- 
ing judge of the Inferior Court of Tolbert Co., Ga. 
He settled as a planter in Louisiana in 1845; was 
four years moderator of Red River Association, and 
eight years president of the Louisiana Baptist Con- 
vention. He died in 1871. 

Bleecker, Garrat Noel, an eminent iron mer- 
chant of New York City, was born in New York 
in 1815, and died May 28, 1853. His father, by 
the same name, was also a prominent citizen, and 
was at one time comptroller of New York. Father 
and son were members of the Oliver Street Baptist 
church, and from the commencement to the close 
of their religious life the personal consecration of 
each seemed complete. The son joined the church 
at twenty-one, but from fifteen had been a zealous 
teacher in the Sunday-school, and was apparently 
from his childhood a devout Christian. 

Habits of prayer, taught him in his infancy, and 
never intermitted through life, but increased to 
three times a day, morning, noon, and night, as he 
came to years of discernment, were the foundation 
of the saintly character for which he was distin- 
guished. He was as active in labors in the church 
and Sunday-school and missionary work as he was 
devoted in spirit. He was successful in business, 
and generous in dispensing its profits, which he 
regarded as truly the Lord's. 

He withdrew from his first partnership because 
it involved the necessity of profiting by the sale of 
intoxicating liquors. He, with a friend, then entered 
into the iron business. Success came rapidly, and 
the application of his rule, to make wealth useful, 
conferred upon many a needy cause a timely bene- 
fit. He made his pastor. Rev. Elisha Tucker, D.D., 
the almoner of many charitable gifts to the poor, 
for whom he felt the tenderest sympathies, because 
he was so constant a laborer among them in evan- 
gelistic work. About the time of his death the 
educational interests of New York Baptists were in 
a condition to make endowments necessary, and he 
gave $3000 to the theological seminary at Hamil- 
ton. Had his life been spared, no doubt large 
donations would have followed. In his will he be- 
queathed $12,000 more to that institution, which 
was promptly paid by his executors, being the first 
large donation to its funds. 

Besides $8000 to the American Baptist Home 



Mission Society, he left liberal bequests to our other 
denominational societies. 

Blewett, Prof. B. T., was bom in 1820 in 
Bowling Green, Ky. He entered Georgetown Col- 
lege in 1841, and graduated in 1846, and taught in 
that institution till 1853. Mr. Blewett left George- 
town, and for some time was Professor of Moral 
and Intellectual Philosophy at Bethel College, 
Russellville, Ky. In 1860 he became connected 
with Augusta College, Ky. ; in 1871 he removed to 
St. Louis Co., Mo. He is now president of the St. 
Louis Female Seminary. He made a profession of 
religion in 1840, and was baptized in Kentucky. 
He was licensed to preach the same year. Prof. 
Blewett is a cultured Christian gentleman, enjoy- 
ing the confidence of all who know him. 

Bliss, George Ripley, D.D., LL.D., was born 

in Sherburne, N. Y., June 20, 1816 ; entered Madi- 




GEORGE RIPLEY BLISS, D.D., LL.D. 

son University in 1837, and graduated in 1838 ; 
graduated from Hamilton Theological Seminary in 
1840 ; was tutor in Madison University for three 
yeai's. In December, 1843, he became pastor of 
the church at New Brunswick, N. J., and re- 
mained until May, 1849, when he accepted the 
Greek professorship in the university at Lewis- 
burg. He was also for two years president of the 
theological department. Thus his connection with 
the university dates almost from its beginning, and 
its subsequent growth was largely due to the in- 
fluence of his profound scholarship and self-sacri- 
ficing labors. In 1874 he was called to the chair 
of Biblical Exegesis in the Crozer Theological 
Seminary, which position he now holds. He has 



BLITCH 



107 



BLOOD 



also been prominently identified with the work of 
Bible revision. He received the degree of D.D. in 
1860 from Madison University, and tiiat of LL.D. 
in 1878 from the university at Lewisburg. 

Dr. Bliss is a noble specimen of intellectual and 
spiritual manhood. His scholarly attainments are 
widely known and recognized, notwithstanding the 
hindrances to publicity that are imposed by his 
quiet and unobtrusive manners. His sermons and 
writings display a rich fund of sublime thought, 
elegant diction, and convincing argument. 

Blitch, Joseph Luke, D.D., was bom March 
3, 1839, in Duval Co., Fla. ; is the son of Rev. 
Benj. Blitch, an eminent Baptist preacher. He 




was converted at fifteen, but ''boy conversions" 
being then unpopular, he was baptized two years 
later. He began talking for Jesus as soon as con- 
verted, and the Sunday after his baptism he went 
fifty miles to hear a great preacher. Crowds had 
gathered at Ready Creek ; the preacher failed, and 
young Brother Blitch took charge of the meeting, 
and almost unconsciously began preaching from 
the words, "Behold the Lamb of God!" From 
that day till now he has preached every Sunday 
save one from one to four sermons. He graduated 
at Mercer University in 1863, the only graduate 
that year, preaching to three churches while in 
college, liaving been ordained by the Macedonia 
church in 1860. He was pastor at Aberlare, near 
Augusta, several years. At one time he • im- 
mersed 99 converts before leaving the water. He 
next served Shiloh, Macedonia, and Lafayette 
churches ; thence to Macon, Ga., where he estab- 



lished the Second church, and at the close of a two 
years' pastorate left it with a good house and over 
one hundred members. He was pastor one year 
at Little Rock, Ark. ; two years at Marshall, 
Texas; Boenville, one year; Lee Summit, Mo., 
three years. In 1873 he went to California; was 
pastor at Dixon six years, taking an active part, 
officially, in education and mission interests. In 
1879 he located at Walla Walla, Washington Terri- 
tory, and has already organized a vigorous church. 
About 2000 have been converted under his minis- 
try, of whom he has baptized 1636. La Grange 
University, Mo., conferred upon him the degree of 
D.D. Several of his sermons have been published, 
one of which, " Thy kingdom come," so delighted 
Spurgeon, of London, that he said of it, " Every 
sentence carries the sound of a glorious victory. I 
love it." 

Blodgett, Rev. John, was born in Randolph, 
Vt., Nov. 20, 1792; born again in 1817. when he 
united with the Baptist church in Denmark, N. Y. ; 
licensed to preach in 1818 ; he became in su))se- 
quent years pastor at Champion, Lowville, and 
Broad Street, Utica, N. Y. After a year in Ten- 
nessee, he became pastor of the church at Lebanon, 
0. From Lebanon he went to Centreville, and 
thence to Casstown, 0., where he remained two 
years. In 1854 he left Ohio for a two years' so- 
journ in Indiana, but returned to settle at Frank- 
lin, 0., where he continued until disease and old 
age terminated his active work. He died July 24, 
1876. 

Father Blodgett was a man of wide popularity. 
He was familiarly called in Ohio "John, the Be- 
loved." Kind and conciliatory in his manner, and 
full of earnest love for men, he endeared himself 
to all. Probably no one is more affectionately re- 
membered by those who knew him and had the 
pleasure of hearing him preach. 

Slood, Rev. Caleb, was born in Charlton, 
Mass., Aug. 18, 1754. His conversion took place 
when he was twenty-one, " his first serious impres- 
sions having been received amidst the gayeties of 
the ball-room." He commenced to preach a year 
and a half after joining the church, and was or- 
dained as an evangelist in the fall of 1777. He 
became pastor of the church in Weston, Mass., and 
remained such for seven years, and then removed 
to Shaftsbury, Vt., early in 1788. Here a large 
blessing was vouchsafed to him. In one revival — 
that of the winter of 1798-99—175 persons were 
added to the church. Besides looking after the 
spiritual interests of his own flock, he performed 
the work of an itinerant, visiting in his preaching 
tours the northwest parts of New York and the 
neighboring province of Canada. The fame of his 
excellence and success as a minister reached the 
metropolis of New England, and when the Third 



BLUE MOUNTAIN 



BOARDMAN 



Baptist church, then recently formed, were looking 
out for a pastor, their attention was turned to him. 
For three years he acted as the pastor of this infant 
church, and then removed to Portland, Me., where 
he became the pastor of the First Baptist church. 
Here he continued until removed by death, March 
6, 1814. Mr. Blood was strongly Calvinistic in his 
doctrinal views, and was a good type of a large 
class of some of the most worthy and successful 
ministers of his denomination in the times in which 
he lived. He was always strongly in favor of 
" law and order." His preaching was attended 
with powerful revivals, but he always discouraged 
an excess of mere animal feeling, and knew well 
the difference between the genuine operations of 
the Holy Spirit and mere human excitement. We 
are told that " in the earlier part of his ministry, 
attending a meeting marked with excitement and 
zeal, but, as he thought, 'not according to knowl- 
edge,' a good woman, at the close, came to him, 
with uplifted hands, exclaiming, 'Oh, Mr. Blood, 
did you ever see such a meeting before?' 'No.' 
he promptly replied, ' and I hope I never shall 
again.' " The reply was the true index of the 
man, and of the principles by which he was gov- 
erned through his ministerial life. 

Blue Mountain College, located at Blue Moun- 
tain, Miss., is the leading female college in North 
Mississippi; Rev. M. P. Lowery, D.D., Principal. 

Boardman, George Dana, D.D., son of the 
Rev. George Dana Boardman, and step-son of Rev. 
Adoniram Judson, was born in Tavoy, Burmah, 
Aug. 18, 1828. At six years of age he embarked 
for America, and journeyed the entire distance 
alone. During the voyage, which lasted nine 
months, be was subjected to severe hai-dship and 
ill treatment, and was nearly captured by Malay 
pirates when in a small boat off Singapore. But 
the young and enfeebled life was graciously spared 
for a career of remarkable vigor and usefulness ; 
he was baptized, while yet a lad, by Dr. "William 
Lamson, at Thomaston, Me. ; entered Brown Uni- 
versity in 1846 ; became disheartened during his 
Sophomore year, and spent two years in Indiana, 
Illinois, and Missouri, reading law and engaging 
in mercantile pursuits. He subsequently re-en- 
tered Brown University, and graduated in 1852 ; 
graduated from Newton Theological Institution in 
1855. In consequence of pulmonary troubles he 
settled at Barnwell Court-House, S. C, where he 
was ordained, December, 1855. After a five months' 
pastorate he returned to the North, and became 
pastor of the Second church at Rochester, N. Y., 
where he remained until May, 1864. He then en- 
tered upon the pastorate of the First church at 
Philadelphia, where he still remains, esteemed, 
honored, and beloved. 

To his wife he lovingly dedicated one of his 



choicest publications, speaking of her as one 
" whose poetic insight into the meaning of nature 
has been my inspiration." 

During his pastorate in Philadelphia he has 
traveled extensively in Europe, Asia, and Africa ; 




GEORGE DANA BOARDMAN, D.D. 

and in his journeys abroad, as well as in his studies 
at home, he has, with careful intensity, sought to 
understand the truths of divine revelation. With 
a soul full of devout inquiry, and with an intellec- 
tual vigor that sometimes threatened the prostra- 
tion of his physical powers, he has diligently en- 
deavored to know and preach the gospel of Christ; 
and those who attend upon his ministry are en- 
riched by his devout and scholarly expositions. At 
the Wednesday evening services of the church he 
has delivered 184 lectures on the Life of our Lord, 
55 on the Acts of the Apostles, 14 on the Epistles 
to the Thessalonians, 16 on the Epistle to the Gala- 
tians, 39 on the Epistles to the Corinthians, 39 on 
the Epistle to the Romans, 11 on the Epistle to 
the Ephesians, 8 on the Epistle to the Colossians, 
12 on the Epistle to the Philippians, 14 on the 
Epistles to Timothy, 3 on the Epistles to Titus, and 
1 on the Epistle to Philemon, making 396 weekh^ 
expository lectures. These are to be continued 
through the entire New Testament. He has also 
published numerous sermons, pamphlets, and re- 
view articles, etc. 

During 1878 he delivered 14 lectures on " The 
Creative Week" to immense audiences gathered at 
mid-day on successive Tuesdays in the hall of the 
Young Men's Christian Association. These lec- 
tures have since been published in book-form. He 



BOARD MAN 



BOARD MAN 



has also published " Studies in the Model Prayer" 
and '■ Epiphanies of the Risen Lord." 

His varied and cultured abilities have received 
repeated and well-merited recognition. The mis- 
sionary and educational boards of the denomina- 
tion have been honored by his membership ; and at 
the Saratoga meetings in 1880 he was unanimously 
chosen president of the American Baptist Mission- 
ary Union. He is also a trustee of the University 
of Pennsylvania and a member of the American 
Philosophical Society. Such honors justly belong 
to ono who is widely known and esteemed as a 
courteous and scholarly Christian gentleman. 

Boardman, Rev. George Dana, Sr., was bom 

in Livermore, Me., Feb. 8, 1801. His father, Rev. 
Sylvanus Boardman, at the time of his birth was 
the pastor of the Baptist church in that place. 
Mr. Boardman was a member of the first class that 
was formed in Waterville College ; he graduated 
in 1822. He was ordained at North Yarmouth, 
Me., Feb. 16, 1825, and, with his wife, sailed the 
16th of July for Calcutta, arriving there early in 
the following December. They took up their resi- 
dence at Chitpore, near Calcutta. Here they re- 
mained until March 20, 1827, when they embarked 
for Amherst, in Burmah. From Amherst Mr. 
Boardman proceeded at once to Maulmain. In 
April, 1828, Mr. and Mrs. Boai'dman removed to 
Tavoy, and commenced missionary work in that 
town. It was a place of upwards of 9000 inhab- 
itants. It was, moreover, one of the principal 
strongholds of the religion of Gaudama, tilled with 
temples and shrines dedicated to heathen worship. 
Within the limits of the town there were nearly a 
thousand pagodas. As soon as his zayat was 
built Mr. Boardman began his work with apostolic 
zeal, and with a firm trust in God that this work 
would not be in vain. Two converts soon rewarded 
his labors, and a wide-spread interest in the new 
religion began very soon to show itself in Tavoy. 

In the family of Mr. Boardman there lived a man 
in middle life, once a slave, but now free through 
the kindness of the missionaries, who had bought 
his freedom. This man was a Karen, Ko Thah- 
byu by name. He belonged to a race among whom 
Mr. Boardman was to gain a multitude of converts 
to the Christian religion. This people are found 
in the forests and mountains of Burmah and Siam, 
and in some sections of China. The name by which 
they are known is Kanairs or Karens, which means 
loild men. They seem to have been singularly pre- 
pared to receive the gospel. It was to this inter- 
esting race that Mr. Boardman, assisted by his 
faithful co-laborer, Ko Thah-byu, directed his prin- 
cipal attention in the prosecution of his missionary 
work. 

The constitution of Mr. Boardman, never very 
strong, began to give way under the severe labors 



of his missionary life. He had been entreated 
once more to visit the Karens in their villages, and 
administer to the new converts the sacred rite of 
Christian baptism. In spite of his feeble health 
he determined to yield to their request. Lying on 
a cot borne on the shoulders of the Karens, and 
accompanied by Mrs. Boardman, and Mr. and Mrs. 
Mason, who had lately arrived at Tavoy, he set 
out on his journey. Three days they toiled slowly 
on through the valleys and over the hills of Bur- 
mah, and reached at length the zayat which the 
faithful disciples had built for them. " It stood," 
says Prof. Gammell, " on the margin of a beautiful 
stream, at the foot of a range of mountains, whose 
sloping sides were lined with the villages of the 
strange people whom they had come to visit. More 
than a hundred were already assembled at the zayat, 
nearly half of whom were candidates for baptism. 
At the close of the day, just as the sun was sinking 
behind the mountains, his cot was placed at the 
river-side, in the midst of the solemn company that 
was gathered to witness the fii-st baptism which 
that ancient mountain-stream had ever beheld. As 
he gazed in silent gratitude upon the scene, he felt 
that his work was finished, his last promise to these 
scattered disciples was now fulfilled, and he was 
ready to depart in peace." The next day the mis- 
sionaries started to return to Tavoy, hoping to 
reach the home of Mr. Boardman, so that he might 
die beneath his own roof, but it was ordered other- 
wise. Before the close of the second day's journey 
the end had come, and the weary spirit passed to 
its home in the skies. The event took place Feb. 
11, 1831. The remains were taken to Tavoy and 
laid in a tomb, in what was at one time a Buddhist 
grave. How much had been crowded into that 
brief thirty years' life ! "What trains of holy in- 
fluence were set in motion within the few short 
years of that missionary career ! We may, as a 
denomination, be truly grateful to God that he 
gave us so pure, so holy, so thoroughly consecrated 
a pioneer in the early missions among the Burmese 
and the Karens. 

Boardman, Rev. Sylvanus, father of the hon- 
ored missionary, George Dana Boardman, and 
grandfather of Rev. G. D. Boardman, D.D., of 
Philadelphia, was born in Chilmark, Mass., Sept. 
15, 17.")7. In early life his religious connection was 
with the Congregationalists, but in 1793 he changed 
his sentiments and became a Baptist. In February, 
1802, he was ordained pastor of the church with 
which he originally united, the First Baptist church 
in Livermore, Me. Here he remained not far from 
eight years, — 1802-10, — when he was called to the 
pastoral charge of the church in North Yarmouth, 
Me. With this church he continued until 181G, 
and then accepted a call to New Sharon, Me. Of 
the church in this place he was pastor about twenty- 



BODENBENDER 



110 



BOLLES 



seven years, when he was compelled, on account of 
feeble heath and the infirmities of age, to resign. 
He lived to a good old age, and died in New Sharon, 
March 16, 1845. 

Bodenbender, Rev. Conrad.— The subject of 
this sketch was born July 10, 1823, in Heskem, 
Hesse-Cassel, Germany. He was brought up in the 
Lutheran faith, and confirmed when he was four- 
teen years old. In the twenty-second year of his 
age he met with Baptists, and was converted. On 
the 16th of June, at midnight, he was baptized 
upon profession of his faith. Baptism could not 
at that time be administered in daylight on account 
of fierce persecution. Emigrating to America in 
1849, Mr. Bodenbender remained for two years in 
Bufialo, N. Y., working as a cabinet-maker. At 
the expiration of that time, feeling called to preach, 
he entered the German Department of Rochester 
Theological Seminary, pursuing his studies from 
1854 to 1858. His first charge was in Newark, 
N. J., where he was ordained pastor of the German 
Baptist church in September, 1856. Since leaving 
Newark he has been pastor successively over the 
German churches of Tavistock and Berlin, Ontario, 
and Chicago, 111. Since 1873 Mr. Bodenbender has 
been the honored pastor of the First German church 
in Buffalo, N. Y. Calm and thoughtful, scriptural 
in his method of sermonizing, genial in social inter- 
course, unblamable in character, Mr. Bodenbender 
is widely known and highly esteemed in the Ger- 
man churches. 

Boise, James Eobinson, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D. 
— Dr. Boise was born in Blandford, Hampshire Co., 
Mass., Jan. 27, 1815. He was descended from a 
French family, which took refuge from persecution, 
with many of the Huguenots, in the north of Ire- 
land, and afterwards emigrated to New England. 
His grandfather was the second white child born 
in his native town. His father, Enos Boise, Avas 
for many years the only Baptist in Blandford, and 
was in intimate relations with Gurdon Robins 
and Elisha Cushman, prominent Baptists of Con- 
necticut, and founders of the Christian Secretary. 
On the side of his mother, Alice Roliinson, he was 
related to Edwai-d Robinson, the eminent Biblical 
scholar. At the age of sixteen he was baptized, 
and not long afterwards repaired to Hamilton 
Seminary, now Madison University, to begin a 
coui'se of classical studies. After about three years 
spent in Hamilton he entered Brown University, 
where he graduated in 1840. He was then elected 
tutor, and three years later assistant Professor of 
Ancient Languages. In 1850 he resigned his posi- 
tion in Brown University, and spent a year in Ger- 
many and six months in Greece and Italy. On his 
return home he again took a position in Brown 
University, but six months later accepted an invi- 
tation to the University of Michigan as Professor 



of the Greek Language and Literature. Here he 
remained till Jan. 1, 1868, when he accepted the 
Professorship of Greek in the University of Chicago. 
In 1877 he was called to the chair of New Testa- 
ment Interpretation in the Baptist Union Theologi- 
cal Seminary, which he still occupies. 




JAMES ROBINSON BOISE, PH.D., D.D., LL.D. 

In 1868, Professor Boise received the degree of 
Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Tu- 
bingen, in Germany. In the same year the degree 
of Doctor of Laws was conferred by the University 
of Michigan, and in 1879 that of Doctor of Divinity 
by Brown University. 

The reputation of Dr. Boise rests chiefly upon his 
success as a teacher, and as editor of Greek classical 
authors. He is best known as editor of portions 
of Homer, Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, 
Plato, and Demosthenes, and also as author of 
'' Exercises in Greek Composition." His attention 
is now turned towards similar labors in connection 
with the New Testament. His editions of classical 
works are valued for their critical accuracy and 
their scholarly finish, alike in versions of the text 
and in annotations. As a teacher, Dr. Boise is 
stimulating, skillful, and exact, — a born educator. 
In the wide circle of his personal friends he is 
valued for qualities of sterling excellence as a 
Christian and as a man. 

Bolles, Augustus, son of Rev. David and Su- 
sannah (Moore) Bolles, was born in Ashford, 
Conn., Dec. 28, 1776; inherited superior powers; 
received a good education ; commenced preaching 
in February, 1810 ; ordained pastor of the Baptist 
church in Tolland, Conn., in May, 1814 ; in May, 



BOLLES 



BO LIES 



1818, settled with the church in Bloomfield, and re- 
mained till 1825, when impaired health from severe 
labor induced his removal to Hartford ; preached 
for several years to destitute churches ; for about 
four years ably conducted the denominational paper 
of the State, the Christian Secretary ; in 1837 re- 
moved to Indiana and organized a Baptist church 
at La Porte; returned to Connecticut, and in 1839 
began to preach at Colchester ; supplied the church 
for some years, but refused settlement. He was 
a rare scholar and preacher ; died in Colchester. 

Solles, David, son of Enoch and grandson of 
John Bolles, was born in New London, Conn., 
Jan. 14, 1743 ; married, Jan. 10, 1765, Susannah 
Moore, of New London, and moved to Ashford 
(now Eastford), Conn. ; in October, 1797, in his 
fiftieth year, was ordained an evangelist at the 
annual meeting of the Stonington Union Associa- 
tion ; preached the gospel to destitute churches in 
the vicinity of Ashford; in June, 1801, settled 
with the First Baptist church in Hartford, and re- 
mained two years ; chose to labor with country 
churches that were destitute ; left four sons, — 
Judge David Bolles and three Baptist preachers. 

Bolles, Hon. James G., son of Rev. Matthew, 
was born in Eastford (then Ashford), Conn., Jan. 
17, 1802 ; when fifteen, entered a printing-office in 
Bridgeport, Conn., and remained till twenty ; went 
to Boston, Mass., and was partner in the firm that 
published the Christian Watchman; in 1825 settled 
in Hartford, Conn., for a time as clerk ; became 
secretary of the Hartford Fire Insurance Com- 
pany ; then president of the North American In- 
surance Company ; under President Lincoln was 
collector of internal revenue in first Connecticut 
district; converted in 1840; baptized Jan. 24, 1841; 
united with First Baptist church in Hartford ; 
chosen deacon Feb. 4, 1845 ; was noted for benevo- 
lence, purity, courtesy, and consistent piety ; in 
Dr. R. Trumbull's writings he is sketched as the 
" Christian gentleman" ; discriminating reader of 
books ; greatly beloved ; was successful in busi- 
ness ; acquired wealth ; gave largely ; made legacies 
to benevolent objects ; died March 27, 1871, aged 
sixty-nine years. 

Bolles, John, son of Thomas Bolles, was born 
in New London, Conn., in 1678; dissatisfied with 
the views of the standing order, he adopted those 
of the Baptists, and was baptized by John Rogers, 
the founder of the " Rogerene sect" ; engaged with 
tongue and pen in theological discussions ; he was 
of vigorous mind and great earnestness ; published 
several books and tracts devoted to the cause of re- 
ligious liberty ; was the grandfather of the evan- 
gelist, David Bolles ; died in 1767, in his ninetieth 
year; was a pioneer in bringing into Connecticut 
freedom of conscience. 

BoUes, Hon. John Augustus, LL.D., son of 



Rev. Matthew Bolles, a Baptist minister, was born 
in Ashford, now Eastford, Conn., April 16, 1809. 
He entered Amherst College in 1825, where he 
spent two years, and then became a student in 
Brown University, where he was graduated with 
high honor in the class of 1829. For a short time 
after leaving college he was principal of the pre- 
paratory department of the Columbian College, 
Washington. He studied law in the office of Hon. 
Richard Fletcher, in Boston, and was admitted to 
the bar of Suffolk in 1833, and soon acquired dis- 
tinction both as a lawyer and a man of letters. 
For several years he was a member of the Massa- 
chusetts Board of Education. When the Boston 
Daily Journal was commenced, in 1833, he was one 
of its original editors. In 1834 he wrote the prize 
essay for the American Peace Society ; the same 
year he was appointed Secretary of State fur Massa- 
chusetts. He continued in the practice of his pro- 
fession in Boston and occupied in literary pursuits 
until the bi'eaking out of the civil war, when he re- 
ceived an appointment on the military staff of Gen. 
John A. Dix. While serving in this capacity he 
was appointed judge-advocate of the Seventh Army 
Corps, and provost-judge, with the rank of major. 
Subsequently his rank was raised to that of lieu- 
tenant-colonel, and he received the appointment 
of solicitor of the navy and naval judge-advocate- 
general, and was stationed at Washington, where he 
died, May 25, 1878. 

"At all periods of his life," says Prof Gammell, 
" Mr. Bolles was exceedingly fond of literary stud- 
ies. His published writings, besides those which 
were ofiicial, are numerous, and are scattered 
through many of the leading magazines and jour- 
nals of the day, the most considerable of which are 
the North American Review, the Christian Review, 
and the Atlantic Monthly. He was also the author 
of an essay on " Usury and Usury Laws," which 
was published by the Boston Chamber of Com- 
merce, find led to important modifications of the 
laws on this subject then existing in Massachusetts. 
He received from Brown University, in 1866, the 
honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. 

Bolles, Lucius, D.D., was born in Ashford, 
Conn., Sept. 25, 1799, of godly parents, who spared 
no pains in his early religious education. He be- 
came a member of Brown University in 1797, and 
graduated under President Maxcy in 1801. His 
conversion took place in one of the vacations of 
his college course, and he decided to turn his at- 
tention to the gospel ministry. For nearly three 
years he pursued his theological studies under Dr. 
Stilhnan,at the same time making himself familiar 
with the practical duties of the profession to which 
he meant to devote his future life. Having com- 
pleted his term of study, he accepted an invitation 
to become the pastor of the recently-formed First 



BOLLES 



BOOMER 



Baptist chui'ch in Salem, Mass., and was ordained 
on the 9th of January, 1805. The result of such 
a course of procedure was most happy. The new 
society greatly prospered, and in a year from the 
time of their pastor's ordination entered a new, 
and for the times elegant, edifice, which, remodeled 
and improved from time to time, is now the beau- 
tiful house of worship of the First church in Salem. 
The ministry of Dr. Bolles continued for twenty- 
two years, and was a singularly happy one. In 
very many respects it was a model pastorate, re- 
garded as such by the church he so long and so 
faithfully served, even down to the present day. 
There were 512 added to the church during the first 
twenty years of his ministry. The little church of 
24 members had grown to be two bands, a flourish- 
ing colony having gone out to constitute a second 
Baptist church in Salem. 

In the earlier stages of that grand movement 
which took its origin from the appeals of Judson 
and Rice to the Baptist churches to enter with 
heartier zeal into the work of foi'eign missions. Dr. 
Bolles took the warmest interest. At his sugges- 
tion, as far back as 1812, a society had been formed 
for the purpose of aiding in the translation of the 
Holy Scriptures into the Eastern languages, under 
the supervision of Dr. Carey. This society was 
called the " Salem Bible Translation and Foreign 
Missionary Society," and was among the earliest 
organizations in the denomination having for its 
object the conversion of the world to Christ. And 
when, at length, the rising tide of sentiment and 
thorough conviction of the duty of the church to 
carry out the last commission of her ascending 
Lord, assumed more definite shape and outline in 
the formation of a foreign missionary society, it 
was not surprising that the eyes of his brethren 
were turned to Dr. Bolles as a most suitable person 
to be its corresponding secretary. He received his 
appointment to that office in 1826, and discharged 
its onerous and often delicate duties for more than 
sixteen years with a devotion which seemed never 
to tire, and a zeal which no discouragement could 
dampen. How much the cause of foreign mis- 
sions owes to his prudence and discretion and good 
common sense the records of eternity alone will 



Having most faithfully served his generation by 
the will of God, the good man fell asleep in Jesus. 
His death occurred Jan. 5, 1844. 

Bolles, Rev. Matthew, son of Rev. David and 
Susannah (Moore) Bolles, was born in Ashford, 
Conn., April 21, 1769 ; had a good education ; in 
early and middle life engaged in secular business ; 
in 1812 began to preach in Pleasant Valley, Lyme, 
Conn., where he was ordained and settled in June, 
1813, remaining till 1816, his labors being greatly 
from 1817 to 1838 was successively pastor 



of churches in Fairfield, Conn., Milford, N. H., 
Marblehead and West Bridgewater, Mass. ; an elo- 
quent, effective preacher, mighty in prayer ; died 
in Hartford, of typhus fever, Sept. 26, 1838, in his 
seventieth year. 

Bond, Prof. Emmons Paley, son of Joseph and 

Esther (Ford) Bond, was born in Canterbury, Conn., 
Sept. 6, 1824; in 1840 taught a school in Tolland, 
where he was converted ; baptized in November, 
1840, by Rev. Sylvester Barrows, and united with 
the Tolland Baptist church ; fitted for college in 
the Connecticut Literary Institution ; entered Brown 
University in 1846, and graduated in 1851, mean- 
while having been an assistant teacher in the 
Worcester Academy from February, 1849, to Au- 
gust, 1850 ; studied for the ministry at the Hamilton 
Theological Seminary, N. Y. : in October, 1852, 
settled with the Baptist church in New Britain, 
Conn. ; ordained Dec. 2, 1852. and remained till 
August, 1865 ; during this pastorate, from Novem- 
ber, 1864, to May, 1865, was chaplain of the 14th 
Conn. Vols, in the Army of the Potomac ; became 
principal of the Connecticut Literary Institution at 
Suffield, and filled that chair five years ; in October, 
1870, settled with the Baptist church in Agawam, 
Mass., and remained about three years; in 1873 
was chosen Professor of Latin, Greek, Intellectual 
and Moral Philosophy in Peddie Institute, N. J., 
and after thi-ee years became acting principal; in 
May, 1879, settled with the Baptist church in 
Wethersfield, Conn., where he now (1880) labors; 
wrote the Sunday-school Expositions for the Chris- 
tian Era, of Boston, from January, 1873, to De- 
cember, 1875 ; a man of universal talent and 
strength. 

Bond, Rev. William P., son of Lewis Bond, 
was born in Bertie Co., N. C, Oct. 16, 1813. He 
professed religion at Chapel Hill, in 1831, and 
was baptized by Dr. Hooper ; united with Mount 
Carmel church in 1832 ; moved to Tennessee in 
1837, and settled in Brownsville, and engaged in 
the legal profession ; was elected judge of the Cir- 
cuit Court in 1865, which office he held until 1871 ; 
Januai-y, 1871, was ordained to the gospel minis- 
try ; Presbytery, Revs. G. W. Young, Mat. Hills- 
man, I. R. Branham, and J. F. B. Mays ; and he 
became pastor of the Brownsville Baptist church, 
which position he held for three years. Brother 
Bond as a judge wore the ermine with great dig- 
nity. As a speaker he is fluent and impressive. 
His moral character is unsurpassed. His attain- 
ments are of the first order, and yet he is very 
modest and unpretending. He was at one time the 
president of the West Tennessee Baptist Conven- 
tion, and he was elected the president of the Ten- 
nessee Baptist Convention at its organization. 

Boomer, Rev. Job Borden, was born in Fall 

River, Mass., Sept. 8, 1793, his father being the 



BOOXE 



113 



BOOXE 



pastor of the Baptist church in Charlton, Mass., 
for thirty years. He was ordained in Sutton, 
Mass., .June 9, 1819, and like his father had a long 
and useful pastorate in one church, his connection 
with it continuing twenty-four years. At the end 
of this period he resigned, and subsequently sus- 
tained the pastoral relation to two other churches, 
the one in East Brookfield, Mass., and the other 
in Uxbridge, Mass. He spent his last days in 
Worcester, where he died Aug. 16, 18G4. In that 
part of his native State in which he passed his min- 
isterial life his name is held in high esteem, and his 
saintly virtues will long be cherished by the many 
to whom he broke the bread of life. 

Boone, Col. Daniel, the celebrated hunter and 
explorer, though a Baptist in principle, was never 
in communion with any church. He was a man 
of great integrity, enlarged charity to his race, and 
profound reverence to God. His bravery was un- 
daunted, and he was almost womanly in the gentle- 
ness and amiability of his manners. His love of 
the beauties of nature, rather than his fondness 
for adventr.:-e, led him to spend most of his life in 
the great forests of the West. He explored Ken- 
tucky in 1769-71, moved to the Territory in 177.5. 
About 1795 he went to Missouri, where he died 
Sept. 26, 1820, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. 
His remains and those of his wife were removed 
to Kentucky and interred in the State cemetery at 
Frankfort in 184-5. 

Boone, Rev. J. B., was bom in Northampton 
Co.. N. C, Oct. 1, 18.36 ; baptized at thirteen ; went 
to Wake Forest College in I860: served in the 
army during the war ; was ordained in 1867 ; spent 
two years at the theological seminary at Green- 
ville, S. 0. ; was pastor in Charlotte ; was the first 
principal of a graded school in North Carolina; 
has been for several years pastor at Statesville and 
Salisbury; is moderator of the South Yadkin As- 
sociation ; a man of solid worth, strong faith, and 
unflagging perseverance. Mr. Boone is a trustee 
of Wake Forest College. 

Boone, Hon. Levi D., M.B.— Since 1836 Dr. 
Boone has been a resident of Chicago; at present, 
therefore, one of its oldest, as he is one of its most 
respected citizens. He was a native of Kentucky, 
and grand-nephew of the famous Daniel Boone. He 
was born Dec. 8, 1808. His father died while the son 
was still but a boy, his death being the ultimate 
eflfect of a wound received at the battle of Horseshoe 
Bend, in Kentucky. In 1829. Dr. Boone removed 
to Illinois, his home being first at Edwardsville, 
where he entered the office of Dr. B. F. Edwards, 
subsequently at Hillsborough. Upon the breaking 
out of the Black Hawk war, Dr. Boone at once 
offered his services, the first man in his county to 
do so, and in command of a company of cavalry 
served till the close of the war. In 1 S36, as men- 



tioned above, he made his home at Chicago, where 
he has since resided. 

Dr. Boone as a physician was successful and be- 
loved. During the three cholera years, 1848, 1849, 
and 1850, he served as city physician, filling that 
position of exposure and exhausting labor to emi- 
nent acceptance. He was, however, early called to 
positions of public service apart from his profession : 
for three terms, a period of six years, as alderman 
of the city, and in 1855 as mayor. It was during, 
his mayoralty that the improvements of various 
kinds which so much changed the character of Chi- 
cago as a place of residence were either commenced 
or so organized as to secure their rapid prosecution : 
the high school and reform school were also estab- 
lished, while in the same period that growth in 
population began which made Chicago the marvel 
of American cities. In all posts of public service, 
and in his relation to public questions of every 
kind. Dr. Boone has commanded universal respect 
as a patriotic citizen and an able administrator. 
During the war, notwithstanding his Southern 
birth, he took his position upon the right side, and 
was conspicuous by his activity in behalf of the 
government. Dr. Boone has associated with his 
medical practice extensive business relations, and 
of late years these latter have chiefly occupied him. 
In all such he has ever been respected for his 
sagacity and integrity, and even amidst the reverses 
consequent upon disasters that have befallen the 
city, has borne himself resolutely and with fidelity 
to every manner of trust. 

Dr. Boone was one of the earliest members of 
the First Baptist church in Chicago, and during 
many years was a deacon in that church, — one of 
the most liberal, active, and valued of the entire 
body. For some years past he has been a member 
of the Michigan Avenue church. In all the enter- 
prises of the denomination centring at Chicago he 
has influentially shared, giving largely of his means 
and holding a foremost place in all denominational 
councils. He was one of the incorporators of the 
university at Chicago, and during nearly the entire 
history of that institution has been perhaps the 
most influential man upon its board of trustees, 
contributing generously to its funds. Among the 
Baptist laymen of Illinois Dr. Boone's name should 
stand with those which it is almost a denomina- 
tional duty and privilege to hold in lasting remem- 
brance. 

Boone, Rev. Squire, a celebrated explorer of 
Kentucky, son of Squire Boone, and brother of 
the famous hunter. Col. Daniel Boone, was born in 
Berks Co., Pa., in 1737. Soon after his birth his 
parents removed to North Carolina, and settled on 
the Yadkin, eight miles from Wilkesborough. 
Here he remained until 1770. It is not knov.-n at 
what period he united with the church or when he 



BOOTH 



BOOTH 



began to preach, but it was previous to his re- 
moving to the West. The first day of May, 1769, 
Daniel Boone and five other men set out from the 
Yadkin " to explore the wilderness of America in 
quest of the country called Kentucky.' On the 
7th of June they first saw from an eminence " the 
beautiful level'' of Kentucky. They spent the 
summer and fall in hunting. The other members 
of the company having returned home, Boone and 
Steward were captured l)y the Indians, December 
22. After seven days they escaped and returned 
to camp on Red River. "About this time," says 
Boone, in his autobiography, " mj'' brother, Squire 
Boone, with another adventurer, who came to ex- 
plore the country shortly after us, . . . accidentally 
found our camp." "Our meeting, fortunately in 
the wilderness, gave us the most sensible satisfac- 
tion. Soon after this John Steward was killed by 
the savages, and the man that came with my 
brother returned home." The two brothers, now 
left alone, built " a cottage." and spent the winter 
in hunting. On the 1st (jf ^lay, 1770, Squire 
Boone, unaccompanied, returned to his home for 
horses and ammunition, and rejoined his brother 
on the 27th of July. The two brothers explored 
the country together as far west as the Cumber- 
land River, giving names to the different rivers. 
In March, 1771, the brothers returned to North 
Carolina. In the summer of 1775 they again 
moved to Kentuckj^, and settled in a fort on the 
south bank of the Kentucky River, in what is now 
Madison County. The first marriage of white 
people in Kentucky was that of Samuel Henderson 
to Betsy Calloway, and was celebrated by Squire 
Boone, Aug. 7, 1776. Squire Boone remained in 
the fort atBoonesborough until 1779, when he built 
a fort in what is now Shelby Co., Ky. He was 
prominent in the political afifairs of Kentucky, a 
member of the Transylvania Convention, and a 
delegate from the Territory of Kentucky to the 
Virginia Legislature. He moved from Shelby 
County to Louisville, and a short time before his 
death, which occurred in 1815, he moved across 
the Ohio into Indiana Territory. His son, Squire 
Boone, and his grandson, Thomas Boone, were 
valuable Baptist ministers in Kentucky. 

Booth, Rev. Abraham, was born in Blackwell, 
Derbyshire, England, May 20, 1734. At ten years 
of age he was first made to feel a deep concern for 
his salvation. At twenty-one he was baptized 
among the General or Arminian Baptists. They 
encouraged him to preach among them. While 
engaged in ministering to a church at Kirbywood 
House he at first was a bitter enemy of " personal 
election and particular redemption," and he printed 
a poem " in reproach" of these doctrines. When 
it pleased God to open his eyes to see the whole 
truth he began to plan a work that would commend 



the doctrines of grace, and when he was about 
thirty-three years old he published his " Reign of 
Grace." Speaking of his Arminian poem, he says, 
" As a poem, if considered in a critical light, it is 
despicable ; if in a theological view, detestable ; as 
it is an impotent attack on the honor of divine 
grace, in respect to its glorious freeness, and bold 
opposition to the sovereignty of God, and as such 
I renounce it." 

His " Reign of Grace" was published through 
the persuasions of Mr. Venn, a distinguished Epis- 
copal clergyman, who took copies sufiicient to en- 
able the author to pay the printer. The publica- 
tion of this work was the cause of Mr. Booth's 
removal to London. He was ordained pastor of 
the Prescott Street church in that city Feb. 16, 
1769. In this field of labor Mr. Booth was emi- 
nently useful, and obtained a celebrity which will 
never perish. 

He was a man of vast reading in his own lan- 
guage and in Latin, and he was justly reputed one 
of the most learned men of his day. His friend 
Dr. Newman says, " As a divine he was a star of 
the first magnitude, and one of the brightest orna- 
ments' of the Baptist denomination to which he be- 
longed. Firm in his attachment to his religious 
principles, he despised the popular cant about 
charity, and cultivated genuine candor, which is 
alike remote from the laxity of latitudinarians and 
the censoriousness of bigots." His " Reign of 
Grace," and indeed all his Avorks, will continue to 
instruct and delight the Christian world till the 
end of time. 

He was instrumental in founding Stepney Col- 
lege, which has been such a blessing to the British 
Baptist churches. 

Mr. Booth was a man of strict integrity, of great 
devoutness, and of a large knowledge of the divine 
Word. Few men have served the cause of God by 
their writings, sermons, counsels, and example 
more effectively than Abraham Booth. He died 
Jan. 27, 1806, in his seventy-third year, after a 
pastorate of thirty-seven years in London. He 
was the author of eight works, besides a number 
of printed sermons ; some of these works have 
passed through many editions. 

Booth, Rev. A. H., a leading minister in Mis- 
sissippi, was born in Virginia in 1822, and began 
to preach in Tennessee in 184-5. For many years 
he has exerted a wide influence in Mississippi in 
building up and strengthening the churches. 

Booth, Rev. C. 0.— About thirty-eight years of 
age, reared under favorable circumstances, liber- 
ally educated, first studied and practiced medicine, 
then pastor at Citronville, then at Talladega, now 
in Montgomery. Has labored some among the col- 
ored people of the State as a missionary ; a gr.ace- 
ful speaker, a gifted preacher, apt in the selection 



BO RUM 



BORUM 



of language, and thougli a man of feeble health, 
his services have been of distinguished value in 
organizing the interests of colored Baptists in Ala- 
bama. 

Borum, Joseph Henry, D.D., son of Deacon 

James and Martha (Tucker) Borum, was born in 




JO'iEl'II HENRY BORLM, DD 

Prince Edward Co., Va., July 20, 1816. His 
parents were highly respectable. Both were mem- 
bers of the Baptist church of Christ. His father 
and family moved from Virginia to Tennessee, 
December, 1828, Joseph being then twelve years 
old. and settled in Wilson County, eight miles 
east of Lebanon, where he remained three years; 
and in December, 1831, he removed to Tipton 
County, where he resided up to the time of his 
death, which occurred March 29, 1843. 

After devoting a number of years to mercantile 
pursuits, Mr. Borum, on Sept. 20, 1836, made a 
public profession of religion among the Methodists. 
There being no Baptist church nearer than fifteen 
miles, he was over-persuaded by his Methodist 
friends to unite with them, having the promise of 
the preacher in charge to immerse him, with which, 
however, he never complied. The next Conference 
sent another preacher, to whom he communicated 
the fact that he had joined the Methodists with the 
express understanding that he was to be immersed. 
The preacher now in charge put it off from time to 
time. A sermon against immersion by the pre- 
siding elder taught Mr. Borum his duty, and a few 
days after he heard it he presented himself to 
Beaver Creek church. Fayette Co., Tenn., for mem- 
bership, where he was cordially received, but at the 



time it had no pastor. He was referred to Rev. 
Peter S. Gayle, then living near Brownsville, 
Tenn., to baptize him, who, on Aug. 17, 1837, near 
Covington, Tenn., buried him with Christ in bap- 
tism. The Beaver Creek church being without a 
pastor, and having no regular meetings, he could 
not be licensed to preach. Impressed with the 
duty of calling sinners to repentance, he conferred 
with several brethren on the subject, who urged 
him to go forward and preach the gospel. So, on 
the third Lord's day in September, one month after 
his baptism, he preached his first sermon at Liberty 
meeting-house, Tipton Co., Tenn., forty years ago. 
On March 24, 1839, a church was organized at 
Covington, Tenn., of which he was a constituent 
member. He was chosen clerk at its organiza- 
tion, and soon after he was elected deacon. He 
was ordained to the gospel ministry by the Cov- 
ington church on the 21st day of September, 1845. 
Not long after this he removed to Durhamville, 
Lauderdale Co., Tenn., and united with the Elon 
church, and became associated with Rev. Geo. W. 
Young, the pastor of said clfurch, worshiping in 
Haywood County. Durhamville was then the only 
Regular Baptist church in Lauderdale County. Mr. 
Young and he rode and preached together (mainly 
in Lauderdale County) for about three years, when 
they had to separate to take charge of churches 
which they had constituted. There are now twenty 
Baptist churches, white and colored, in the same 
county. Mr. Borum and Mr. Young never engaged 
in union meetings, nor did they invite Pedobaptist 
ministers into their pulpits to preach, regarding 
this practice as inconsistent with Bible teachings 
and injurious to the truth. By pursuing this 
straightforward and consistent course the Lord 
abundantly blessed their labors. Mr. Borum has 
served the following churches : Elon, Grace, Ripley, 
Covington, Dyersburg, Newbern, Stanton, Mount 
Olive, Harmony, Society Hill, Salem, and Poplar 
Grove, in Tennessee, and also Osceola, Ark. He 
had charge of the Elon church for about twenty- 
eight years, first and last. He served the Covington 
church about fifteen years, and the Dyersburg 
church ten years. He and Rev. G. W. Young 
assisted in the organization of Elon, Saleio, Her- 
mon, Grace (Pleasant Plains, in conjunction with 
Rev. M. G. Turner), and Ripley, in Lauderdale 
County, Dyersburg, in Dyer County. Rev. J. H. 
Borum has acted as agent for the Brownsville Fe- 
male College, and the "West Tennessee Baptist 
Convention and the Southern Baptist Publication 
Society, Memphis, Tenn. He has been clerk of 
Big Hatchie Association for twenty-eight years, 
and moderator for two years : and he has acted as ' 
secretary of the West Tennessee Baptist Convention 
and the Tennessee Baptist Convention for thirty 
years. He is now engaged in writing the history 



BO STICK 



116 



BOSTON 



of the Baptist ministers of Tennessee (living and 
dead) by the request of his brethren of the State. 
He is a '' Land-marker,^^ deeming their practice as 
most consistent, and most agreeable to the teach- 
ings of God's Word. He has removed to Dyersburg, 
Dyer Co., Tenn., where he expects to finish his 
course. He is now (1880) the pastor of Dyers- 
burg, Elon, Newbern, and Poplar Grove churches. 
Bostick, Rev. Joseph M., a native of Beaufort, 
now Hampton Co., S. C. He grew up surrounded 




RE\ JOSLPH M BOSTICK 

by every luxury and advantage that wealth could 
afibrd, yet remarkably free from the vices too often 
incident to his station in life. He graduated at 
Furman University, Greenville, S. C, and at Prince- 
ton Theological Seminary. He was for several 
years pastor at Cheraw, S. C. He now ministers 
to the church at Barnwell, S. C, where he is greatly 
beloved. 

Naturally an utter stranger to fear, it is well for 
him and others that he was converted in early life. 
His vehemence was at once turned into a new chan- 
nel. His piety is more like that of Paul and John 
than the cold and respectable type now so common. 
Generosity is, pei-haps, even a fault in him. His 
talents, superior literary attainments, and his de- 
voted piety fit him eminently for usefulness in a 
far higher position than he has ever occupied. His 
modesty has kept him in the background, while 
others without a tithe of his qualifications have 
occupied more conspicuous positions. 

Bostick, Rev. W. M., was bom in Richmond 
Co., N. C. ; attended an academy in Carthage at 
eighteen ; was baptized by Rev. A. D. Blackwood 



in August, 1853 ; read theology for two years with 
the Rev. Archibald McQueen, a Presbyterian min- 
ister ; was ordained by a Presbytery, consisting of 
Revs. Enoch Crutchtield, John Mercer, Nath. Rich- 
ardson, and F. M. Jordan, and has been, since 
1871, the moderator of the Pee Dee Association. 

Boston, First Baptist Church.— On the 7th of 
June, 1865, the First church in Boston celebrated 
its two hundredth anniversary. 

On " the 28th of the third month, 1665, in Charles- 
town, Mass., the church of Christ, commonly, 
though falsely, called Anabaptists, were gathered 
together, and entered into fellowship and commu- 
nion with each other ; engaging to walk together 
in all the appointments of their Lord and Master, 
the Lord Jesus Christ, as far as he should be pleased 
to make known his mind and will unto them, by 
his AYord and Spirit, and then were baptized." Here 
follows the names of sundry persons who, with 
others from Old England of like faith, formed them- 
selves into a Baptist church. Such is the first 
record on the books of the First Baptist church in 
Boston. The " third month"' here alluded to dates 
from the 1st of March, according to the old reck- 
oning, and taking into the account the change from 
the " old style" to the " new style," we are brought 
to the 7th of June, as corresponding to " the 28th 
of the third month." 

The little band of disciples of Christ began at 
once to feel the rigor of ecclesiastical persecution. 
Having erected what we doubt not was a plain, un- 
pretending house of worship, they were, by legal 
enactment, forbidden to use it for religious pur- 
poses. Orders were issued to the marshal to see to 
it that its doors were not opened, and. in the faith- 
ful performance of his duty he caused to be nailed 
up on the door this interesting order : 

"All persons are to take notice, that by order of 
the court the doors of this house are shut up, and 
that they are inhibited to hold any meeting therein, 
or to open the doors thereof, without license from 
authority, till the court take further order, as they 
will answer the contrary at their peril. 

" Edward Rawson, Secretary." 

In vain they protested against such treatment, 
and pointed out the inconsistency of those who had 
fled from persecution in the Old World resorting 
to it in the New. A public disputation was ap- 
pointed by the governor, with the hope that the 
obstinate Baptists might be convinced of their error, 
and come into the more respectable and the more 
orderly fold of the " standing order." The time set 
apart to hold this important discussion was nine 
o'clock in the morning of April 14, 1668. " The 
Baptists," says Dr. Neale, " were on hand promptly 
at the appointed hour, each with his New Testa- 
ment, ready marked, and the leaves turned down- 
Nothing pleased them better than an opportunity 



BOSTON' 



117 



BOSTON 



for free speech and Scripture quotations. They 
came from all quarters. Three brethren were sent 
from the church in Newport to assist their brethren 
in Boston, it was said, though the Boston Baptists 
then, as now, felt abundantly competent to manage 
their own affairs. Providence, no doubt, was ably 
represented. The followers of Roger "Williams were 
always courageous, and like the sons of Rhode 
Island in the late conflict, were never known to flee 
or flinch in the presence of an enemy." And yet 
after all " the flourish of arms," the poor Baptists 
were regarded as miserable heretics, whom learned 
divines might lecture, but to whom they were not 
permitted to reply. Their cause was already pre- 
judged before the appointed hearing commenced. 

As the years rolled by, and a more liberal spirit 
began to spread through the community, the 
severity of persecution was mitigated. The first 
pastor of the church was Thomas Gould. He was 
followed by Isaac Hull, both of them being assisted 
in their work by John Russell. Pastors and asso- 
ciate " elders" seem to have been the order of things 
for several years. We come down to the time of 
the ordination of Elisha Callender, a young man of 
much promise, who had graduated from Harvard 
College in the class of 1810, and was set apart to 
the work of the gospel ministry May 21, 1718. Mr. 
Callender was the greatly beloved pastor of the 
church for twenty years, and died March 31, 1738. 
His last words were, " I shall sleep in Jesus." 

The next pastor was Rev. Jeremiah Lundy^ 
who held the office for twenty-five years. He was 
followed by Samuel Stillman, D.D., of whose pas- 
torate the reader will find a full account in the bio- 
graphical sketch of him in this volume. Dr. Neale 
says of him, " No pastor before or since was ever 
more beloved by his church. His popularity was 
uninterrupted, and greater, if possible, in his old 
age than in his youth. A few individuals who 
sat under his ministry, and who were quite young 
when he was an old man, still survive. They never 
weary of talking about him, and even now speak 
of this as Dr. Stillman's church. They looked at 
the venerable pastor not only with the profoundest 
respect, but with the observant eye of childhood. 
They noticed and remembered everything in his ex- 
ternal appearance, his wig and gown and bands, 
his horse and carriage, and negro man Jephtha, — 
how he walked, how he talked, how he baptized, 
the peculiar manner in w^hich he began his prayers, 
•' thou Father of mercies and God of all grace." 

"Dr. Stillman," continues Dr. Neale, "was 
probably the most popular orator of his day. The 
most distinguished men in the Commonwealth were 
often present at his public services. The elder 
President Adams was a delighted listener to his 
sermons. Governor Hancock became, in the latter 
part of his life, a regular member of his congrega- 



tion. Persons who cared nothing for his theology 
were attracted by his fame as a public speaker. A 
strange gentleman of this class was one day present 
at church, and seemed restless and uneasy under 
the strong doctrines of human depravity, divine 
sovereignty, and futui-e retribution that were often 
on the preacher's lips. On the present occasion his 
denunciations of sin had been unusually pointed 
and scathing. 'Really,' the gentleman remarked, 
as he went out of the sanctuary, ' the doctor makes 
us all out a set of rascals, but he does it so grace- 
fully and eloquently that I am not disposed to find 
fault.' " Dr. Stillman died on the 12th of March, 
1807. 

The Rev. Joseph Clay, of Georgia, who had been 
called to be a colleague with Dr. Stillman, entered 
upon his duties as sole pastor of the church, and 
was installed as such in the August succeeding 
the death of his predecessor. He preached to the 
church, however, only a year, and then his health 
giving way, he resigned and returned to his native 
South. James Manning Winchell was the suc- 
cessor of Mr. Clay. Notice of his ministry will be 
found in the sketch under his name. The same may 
be said of the ministry of his successor, Francis 
Wayland. Rev. Cyrus P. Grosvenor was the next 
pastor, continuing in ofiice for nearly four years. 
He was followed by Rev. William Hague, who was 
installed Feb. 5, 1831, and resigned at the end of 
six years to go to the First Church, in Providence, 
R. I. His successor was Rollin Heber Neale, D.D., 
who was installed Sept. 27, 1837, and continued 
sole pastor of the church, which has been remark- 
ably blessed under his long ministry, until its union 
with the Shawmut Avenue church, in 1877, at the 
time of the writing of this sketch. Rev. Dr. Crane, 
for many years pastor of the Second Baptist church, 
in Hartford, Conn., is the pastor of the united 
churches, which retained the old and honored name, 
" The First Baptist church of Boston." 

Boston, Rev. S, C, w'as born near Rehoboth, 
Somerset Co., Md., Aug. 23, 1820. For three years 
he pursued his studies at the Baptist Seminary 
(Richmond College), Va., and then entered the 
Columbian College, where he graduated in 1845. 
He entered at once on the work of the ministry, 
and for several years labored as missionary under 
the board of the Maryland Union Association, in 
the lower part of the Eastern Shore of Maryland. 
Mr. Boston was instrumental in building several 
church edifices in the State, and in repairing and 
beautifying others. From 1857 to 1859 he was 
pastor of the Second Baptist church in Petersburg, 
Va. ; from 1860 to 1867, pastor of the church in 
Farmville, Va. ; from 1867 to 1869, pastor of the 
Lee Street church, Baltimore ; from 1870 to 1872> 
pastor of the church at Frenchtown, N. J. ; and 
from 1872 to 1877, pastor of the Bruington church. 



BOSWORTH 



118 



BOSWORTH 



Va. In 1877 he entered on the pastorate of the 
Onancock church, Accomac Co., Va., where he 
still labors. Mr. Boston has been greatly blessed 
in his labors, having baptized nearly 300 persons, 
and having trained his churches to the performance 
of all good works. He has been an occasional 
contributor to the religious papers and periodicals, 
and is deeply interested in all the educational 
movements of the denomination. Mr. Boston is 
the father of the Rev. F. R. Boston, a successful 
young minister, now settled at Hampton, Va. 

Bosworth, Hon, Alfred, was born in Warren, 
R. I., Jan. 28, 1812. He graduated at Brown Uni- 
versity, in the class of 1835. He studied law in 
the office of Judge Haile, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1838, and, after a brief residence in another 
place, returned to Warren, where he practiced his 
profession until the year 1854, when, on the death 
of Judge Haile, he was appointed his successor as 
a justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island. 
While in the practice of his profession he con- 
ducted many important cases, not only in the 
courts of his own State, but in the Supreme Court 
of the United States, being associated witli vonic 
of the most distinguished lawyers in the country. 
He was elected a member of the corporation of 
Brown University on the Baptist foundation in 
1854, and for eight years was faithful in the dis- 
charge of his duties as a trustee of the college. 
Although not a member of the Baptist church in 
Warren, he was an attendant upon its worship, and 
interested in all that concerned its prosperity. 
Judge Bosworth died at Warren, May 10, 1862, 
aged fifty years and four months. 

Bosworth, Geo. Wm., D.D., was born in Bel- 
lingham, Norfolk Co., Mass., Sept. 30, 1818. His 
parents were members of the Baptist church. At 
the age of thirteen he became deeply interested in 
religion and united with the church, being baptized 
by Rev. Calvin Newton, then the pastor, by whose 
encouragement he soon began to speak and pray in 
religious meetings. 

In 1831, Mr. Newton became a professor in Wa- 
terville College, and the year following took young 
Bosworth into his family and fitted him for college, 
which he entered in the class of 1837. His col- 
legiate course was interrupted by ill health, but 
he was awarded graduation rank by the board of 
trustees, also the degree of A.M. in 1854, and that 
of D.D. in 1862. He took the regular course in 
Newton Theological Institution, graduating in 1841. 

In September, 1841, he was ordained as pastor 
of the Baptist church in Medford, near Boston, the 
church being publicly " recognized" on the same 
occasion. After a successful ministry of nearly five 
years in Medford, he became the pastor of the South 
Baptist church in Boston, his installation occurring 
March 29, 1846. Here he remained for nine years. 



during which the church enjoyed prosperity. He 
then removed to Portland, Me., and became pastor 
of the Free Street Baptist church, February, 1855, 
which connection was sustained till Sept. 3, 1865. 




GEO. WM. BOSWORTH, D.D. 

During this period Dr. Bosworth took a very active 
part in the service which secured the endowment 
of Waterville College, now Colby University. 

To obtain a partial relief from exhausting labors 
he severed his union with the Free Street church, 
against their urgent remonstrances, and became 
pastor of the First Baptist church in Lawrence, 
Mass., Aug. 10, 1865, and remained there till the 
close of January, 1869, when he became pastor of 
the First Baptist church in Haverhill, commencing 
his labors Feb. 7, 1869. 

From his ordination till now he has not been out 
of the pastoral connection for a single Sabbath. 
Aside from the ministerial service he has been 
much engaged in denominational activities, — secre- 
tary of the Massachusetts Convention from 1852 
to 1855 : secretary of the board of trustees of 
Newton Theological Institution from 1865 till this 
time ; secretary and treasurer of the Maine Bap- 
tist Education Society from 1856 till he left the 
State, in 1865 : corresponding secretai-y of the 
Northern Baptist Education Society from 1865 till 
the present time. And he has been elected to fill 
the place of secretary and superintendent of the 
Massachusetts Baptist Convention, and has ac- 
cepted the appointment, having announced to the 
church in Haverhill his purpose to close his pas- 
toral labors at the termination of ten years of 
service. 



EOTSFORD 



119 



BOUIC 



Botsford, Rev. Edmund, came to Charleston, 
S. C, in 1766. November 1 of the same year he was 
converted under the ministry of Oliver Hart, " a 
day," says Mr. Botsford, "of light, a day of joy 
and peace." Having expressed a wish to enter the 
ministry, he was placed under the instruction of 
Mr. Williams, a learned and pious member of the 
church. Mr. Hart directed his theological studies. 
He was licensed in February, 1771, and ordained 
March, 1772. The fathers of those days regarded, 
more than we do, the injunction, " Lay hands sud- 
denly on no man." Dr. Manly, Sr., says, ''The 
young men were not ordained until they had vis- 
ited some of the churches and preached before the 
Association and obtained their approbation." 

He labored with great acceptance in Charleston 
for a time, and then traveled and preached exten- 
sively and with eminent success in several States. 
He finally settled in Georgetown, S. C, where he was 
the beloved and honored pastoa* for twenty-three 
years. There he rested on the 25th of December, 
1819, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. 

Mr. Botsford had a strong faith in the Saviour's 
abiding presence, and he enjoyed much of the 
Spirit's power in his heart. His labors in Geor- 
gia were eminently blessed, and he is revered as 
one of the illustrious-and heaven-honored founders 
of the Baptist denomination in that State, and he 
has the same distinguished position in the Baptist 
history of South Carolina. 

Boucher, Joan, was a lady of Kent, England, 
whose position in society was so exalted that she 
had access to the court of Henry VIII., and for a 
time held an honorable position in it. This lady 
was accustomed to take Bibles into the palace for 
distribution, concealed under her apparel. She 
visited the persecuted in prison, and contributed 
to their support and encouragement. She loved 
Christ, and she received such courageous grace 
from him that she feared nothing human and 
nothing painful. She would defy a dozen bishops, 
or as many executioners, if they attempted to com- 
pel her to deny her faith. Her talents made her a 
serious opponent in any discussion, even though 
Cranmer or Ridley took the other side. 

Joan was a firm Baptist, and she held a peculiar 
opinion about the origin of the Saviour's body. 
" You believe," said Cranmer to her, " that the 
Word was made flesh in the virgin, but that Christ 
took flesh of the virgin you believe not, because 
the flesh of the virgin being the outward man 
[was] sinfully gotten, and born in sin, but the 
AVord, by the consent of the inward man of the vir- 
gin, was made flesh." This conceit held by Joan 
did not impugn the divinity or humanity of Christ, 
or the maternal relations of Mary to Jesus, and 
Cranmer might have safely passed it by. But she 
was an Anabaptist, and she must recant or be 



burned. She defended her doctrine of Christ's 
purity of nature with great power and persever- 
ance, and the protracted efibrts of two of the 
ablest prelates in the Church of England failed to 
make any impression upon her. She was then de- 
livered up to the secular power for punishment. 
Cranmer had much trouble in persuading the 
youthful king Edward VI. to sign her death-war- 
rant. He told him with tears in his eyes that if 
he did wrong, since it was in submission to his au- 
thority, the archbishop should answer for it before 
God. " This struck him with much horror, so that 
he was very unwilling to have the sentence exe- 
cuted." But other attempts to make Joan re- 
nounce her opinions were made with provoking 
results ; and this distinguished Baptist was burned 
to ashes almost exclusively through the efi'orts of 
Archbishop Cranmer. She passed through the 
flames to paradise May 2, 1550, in Smithfield, 
London. Her death was marked by perfect fear- 
lessness and by the full peace of God. In Mary's 
time poor Cranmer had to drink the cup he forced 
on Joan Boucher, and the lady's courage far sur- 
passed the archbishop's when the time of trial first 
approached. 

Bouic, Hon. William Veirs, was born near 
Edward'js Ferry, Montgomery Co., Md., May 11, 




HON. WILLIAM TEIRS BOUIC. 

1818. His father's family were for many genera- 
tions the honored residents of Acqueville, France, 
some of whom were distinguished among the clergy 



BOULWARE 



120 



BOUTELLE 



of the Roman Catholic Church of that country, and 
especially Louis Domince, who was a canon of the 
Cathedral church of Rouen. Judge Bouic's father 
was Peter Anable Tranquelle Bouic, who died in 
Maryland in 1823. Mr. Bouic received his early 
education at a school in the neighborhood, and at 
the age of twelve removing to Rockville, Md., he 
attended the academy there for several years, and 
finally graduated in the full course. Upon leaving 
school he entered the law-office of John Brewer, 
Esq., Rockville, and at the terii)ination of his course 
he was admitted to the bar. Having practiced for 
a while at Warrenton, Mc, he returned to Rock- 
ville to prosecute his profession. Judge Bouic ren- 
dered valuable services to his country during the 
war by restraining violence and mitigating its ter- 
rible evils wherever he had the power. He is in- 
terested in all educational enterprises ; a firm friend 
of the academy in his town, and one of the over- 
seers of the Columbian University, at which a son 
of his, a promising young lawyer, graduated with 
honors. Although Judge Bouic's father was a 
Catholic and his mother an Episcopalian, he, at 
his conversion, united with the Baptist church in 
Rockville when he was eighteen years of age, and 
still is an active member of that body. He was 
appointed in 1849, by the attorney-general of the 
State of Maryland, deputy attorney-general for 
Montgomery County, and that office having been 
abolished, he was elected in 1851 to the office of 
State attorney for the same county for the period 
of four years, which office he continued to hold and 
adorn by successive elections until 1867. In that 
year he was elected an associate judge of the Cir- 
cuit Court for the Sixth Judicial Circuit of the 
State for the term of fifteen years. Judge Bouic 
is ever awake to the interests of his fellow-towns- 
men, and has done much by his personal effiDrts to 
make Rockville one of the most beautiful towns in 
the State. 

Boulware, Rev. Theodorick, was bom in Vir- 
ginia, November 13, 1780. He was converted at 
the age of ten years. He was ordained in 1810. He 
spent seventeen years preaching in Kentucky. He 
removed to Missouri in 1827, and lived in Calla- 
way County. He was a man of a high order of 
talent, well educated, energetic, and an impressive 
preacher, and he stond in the front rank as a de- 
fender of the faith. He took a bold stand against 
the organization of the General Association because 
of his anti-mission principles, and lived and died 
connected with the Old-School Baptists. He died 
Sept. 21, 1867. 

Boutelle, Hon, Timothy, was born at Leomin- 
ster, Mass., Nov. 10, 1777. The labors of the farm, 
on which he passed his early days, making too severe 
a draft on a naturally delicate constitution, his 
father was induced to give him an education. In 



this decision he was greatly encouraged by observ- 
ing in his son evidences of mental vigor and an 
aptness for study, which gave promise of success 
in whatever profession he might select as the busi- 
ness of his life. He graduated at Harvard College 
in the class of 1800. Among his classmates were 




HON. TIMOTHY BOUTELLE. 

Washington Allston, the celebrated painter, the 
Rev. J. S. Buckminster, the eloquent pastor of the 
Brattle Square church in Boston, and the late Chief- 
Justice Shaw, of Massachusetts, who was his room- 
mate. In a class thus distinguished for ability, 
Mr. Boutelle graduated with high reputation as a 
scholar. For one year after he was an assistant 
teacher at the Leicester Academy. In 1801 he en- 
tered the law-office of Hon. Abijah Bigelow, of 
Leominster, with whom he remained three years. 
Having been admitted to the bar in 1804, he re- 
moved to Waterville, Me., and commenced the prac- 
tice of his profession. He soon rose to eminence 
as a lawyer, and had in some respects the best 
practice in his county. " He uniformly had the 
respect and confidence of the court as a sound and 
able lawyer, and was influential with the jury, be- 
cause he presented his views with clearness and 
force, and appeared before them with the moral 
power of an honest man." For a number of years 
he represented his town in both branches of the 
Legislature, where he was during his whole term 
of service on the important Judiciary Committee, 
and frequently its chairman. It was while he was 
in the Senate that mainly through his influence a 
charter was obtained, in 1820, for Waterville Col- 



BOWERS 



BOYCE 



le<;e, now Colby University. For many years he 
was a trustee of the college, and its treasurer, and 
received from the institution, in 1839, the honorary 
degree of Doctor of Laws. 

Mr. Boutette was an habitual worshiper at the 
First Baptist church in Waterville. The writer of 
this sketch recalls with pleasure the constancy of 
his attendance upon the public services of the Sab- 
bath, and the devoutness of his demeanor in the 
house of God. It was no small encouragement 
to him tliat he had in his congregation one who 
cast the full weight of his great influence on the 
side of good order and religion. His was a life 
of great activity, honorably and well spent. lie 
died Nov. 12, 1855, at the ripe age of seventy-eight 
years. 

Bowers, Charles M., D.D., was born in Boston, 
Jan. 10, 1817. He graduated at Brown University 
in the class of 1838. Having spent one year in the 
Newton Theological Institution, he was ordained 
pastor of the church in Lexington, Mass., Sept. 9, 
1841. The relation continued for four years, — 
1841-45, — when he decided to accept a call to the 
church in Clinton, Mass., where he has been the 
pastor ever since. He was a member of the Mas- 
sachusetts Legislature one year, — the session of 
1865-66. For twelve years he has been the effi- 
cient secretary of the Massachusetts Baptist State 
Convention. 

Dr. Bowers received his degree from Brown 
University in 1870. 

Bowers, Marmion H., was born at Moore's 
Hill, Deai-born Co., Ind. ; educated at Farmei-'s 
College, 0. ; studied law at the State University, 
Bloomington, Ind. ; practiced law at Aurora, Ind., 
and edited a newspaper; removed to Texas in 
1852 ; resumed practice of law at Austin, 1853 ; 
raised a company for Confederate service in 1861 ; 
elected captain of Company C, 16th Regt. Texas 
Volunteer Infantry (Flournoy's) ; loss of health 
caused his early resignation ; elected, while absent 
from Austin, a member of 10th Legislature from 
Travis County ; made his reputation by urging 
legislative enactments against irregular impress- 
ments of property by Confederate States agents 
and others; edited Southern Intelligencer a few 
months after the war ; in 1869 elected State Sena- 
tor from Travis district ; took a commanding part 
in all important measures of the several sessions 
of tiiat Legislature, resisting the arbitrary school, 
militia, and police bills. His speech on martial 
law in time of peace is regarded as exhaustive 
and conclusive. He reached a high position at the 
Austin bar. He was a consistent and earnest mem- 
ber of the Baptist church at Austin from 1854 to 
the time of his death, March 3, 1872. 

Bowker, S. B., M.B., was born in Courtland 
Co., N. Y., Feb. 10, 1830. He graduated at Fair- 
9 



mount Theological Seminary, and was a successfiil 
minister at several important points. He had bap- 
tized over 800 persons when fifty years of age. 
Several church edifices stand as monuments of his 
untiring labors. The last one built under his 
superintendence was the one at Leadville, Col. 
Without His self-sacrificing labor it would not have 
been erected. Having graduated in medicine as 
well as in theology, he practiced the healing art. 
He ranks among the most skillful physicians of 
Leadville, and is much respected for his good deeds 
of sympathy and Ijenevolence as well as for his 
abilities. 

Bowles, Rev. Ralph H., son of Ralph H. and 
Rebecca Bowles, was born in Hartford, Conn. ; 
fitted for college in Connecticut Literary Institu- 
tion ; graduated at Trinity College in 1848 ; re- 
ceived the degree of A.M. in 1851 ; was ordained as 
pastor of the Baptist church in TariS'ville, Conn., 
in 1850; settlements afterward were in Branford, 
Conn. ; Lee, Brighton, West Newton, Lee (second 
time), Mass. ; Greenbush, N. Y. ; Jewett City, New 
Hartford, and Canton, Conn. ; a devout, earnest, 
and indefatigable worker. 

Boyce, James Pettigru, D.D., LL.D., Professor 
of Systematic Theology, Church Government, and 




JAMES PETTIGRU BOVCE, D.D., LL.D. 

Pastoral Duties in the Southern Baptist Theologi- 
cal Seminary, and chaii-man of its faculty, was 
born of Scotch-Irish parents at Charleston, S. C, 
Jan. 11, 1827. After spending two years at 
Charleston College, he entered Brown University, 
where he graduated in 1847. He was baptized by 



BOYD 



122 



BOYD 



Rev. Richard Fuller, D.D., and united with the First 
Baptist church at Charleston in 1846. He was 
licensed to preach in 1847, and for six months of 
the following year he edited the Soidhern Baptist. 
In 1849 he entered Princeton Theological Seminary, 
where he remained two years. In 1851 he was or- 
dained pastor of the Baptist church in Columbia, 
S. C, where he preached until 1855, when he ac- 
cepted a professorship of Theology in Furman Uni- 
versity. His inaugural address was delivered 
during the succeeding commencement, in July, 
1856. Its subject was, " Three Changes in Theo- 
logical Education." The address did much in 
strengthening the cause of theological education 
in the South, leading many to favor it who had 
hitherto opposed it, and laying the foundation of 
the peculiar system of teaching afterwards adopted 
in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. In 
1858 and 1859, Dr. Boyce was elected professor 
in this institution, with the privilege of selecting 
his chair, and was also made chairman of its 
faculty. To these offices have since been added 
those of treasurer and general agent, which posi- 
tions he still holds. 

He was elected to a seat in the South Carolina 
Legislature in 1862, and re-elected in 1864. He 
took a prominent part in the business of that body. 
Two of his speeches, advocating the indorsement of 
a definite amount of Confederate bonds by the State, 
were published. He also published a pamphlet on 
that subject. 

His principal publications are, " A Brief Cate- 
chism on Bible Doctrines"; "The Doctrine and 
Uses of the Sanctuary," a sermon at the dedica- 
tion of Columbia Baptist Church ; " Death and 
Life the Christian's Portion," occasioned by the 
death of Rev. B. Manly, Sr., D.D. ; and "The 
Suffering Christ," published in the Baptist Quar- 
terly of October, 1870. He has a great intellect, 
tireless energy, and extraordinary executive ability, 
and to him, more than to all others, the South- 
ern Baptist Theological Seminary owes its exist- 
ence. His private library comprises over 13,000 
volumes. 

Boyd, Robert, D.D. — This widely known 
minister of Christ was born in Girvin, Ayrshire, 
Scotland, Aug. 24, 1816, and died at his home in 
Waukesha, Wis., Aug. 1, 1879, aged sixty-three 
years. His parents were devoted members of the 
Presbyterian Church, and he was indebted to them 
i'or an early Christian education. Converted at 
the age of fifteen, impressed almost simultaneously 
that it was his duty to preach, he began at once 
to address public assemblies with great acceptance. 
His attention having been called to the question 
of baptism, he gave the subject prayerful and un- 
prejudiced examination, which resulted in his be- 
coming a Baptist. In 1843, Dr. Boyd came to 



America, and settled as pastor at Brockville, 
Canada. Subsequently he served the churches 
at London and Hamilton, Canada, with great effi- 
ciency. Owing to failure of health he came in 1854 
to Waterville, Wis., and settled on a farm. His 
health having been restored, he accepted the pas- 
torate of the Baptist church in Waukesha, and 
afterwards he took charge of the Edina Place Bap- 
tist church, Chicago, 111. In 1863, owing to an 
attack of paralysis so impairing his health as to 
unfit him for the duties of his city pastorate, he 
came again to Waukesha. The same year Shurt- 
lefi" College conferred upon him the degree of D.D. 
Although paralyzed to such an extent that he had 
to be carried into the pulpit in his chair, and to 
preach sitting, he proclaimed the good news with 
great power for four years to the Baptist church 
in Waukesha. In 1867 he was finally prostrated 
to such an extent as to be confined thereafter to 
his house until death summoned him up higher. 
Although he resigned his pastorate, the church de- 
clined to accept it. For about twelve years he was 
helpless on his bed. His intellect, however, re- 
mained unimpaired, and during these years the 
best w;ork of his life was accomplished. He em- 
ployed his time in the production of the books 
which he left as a precious legacy to the church 
of Christ. As the result of his labor he prepared 
for the press " Glad Tidings," " None but Christ," 
"Grace and Truth," "The Good Shepherd," "The 
World's Hope," "Wee Willie," "My Enquiry 
Meeting," "Lectures to Young Converts," "Words 
of Comfort to the Afflicted," and an autobiography 
in manuscript. Dr. Boyd was gifted with a mind 
of a high order, and every power he possessed was 
brought into service for Christ. He had a profound 
reverence for the sacred Scriptures, and he un- 
folded their themes with a variety and richness 
of illustration hardly ever surpassed. His delight 
was to preach the gospel, and he easily found 
Christ crucified in every theme. The great salva- 
tion always absorbed his soul, and the atonement 
was to him the radiating centre of saving knowl- 
edge. As a pastor he lived in the hearts of his 
people. In this relation, if more remarkable in 
one thing than another, it was in the confidence 
which he inspired. His people gave up their minds 
and hearts to him without suspicion or reserve. 
In the midst of great suffering he evinced remark- 
able fortitude and submission to the will of God. 
He was a noble specimen of a man and a Chris- 
tian minister. He has bequeathed to his family 
and the church of God the memory of a life with- 
out reproach, devoted to the cause of truth without 
reserve. 

Boyd, Willard W., D.D., was born Nov. 
22, 1843, in Chemung Co., N. Y. His parents 
moved to Saco, Me., when he was two years old. 



BOYD 



123 



BOYKIN 



He was prepared for college at fourteen years of 
age. He was converted at the age of twelve years. 
His father died when he was eighteen years of age, 
and Willard succeeded him in superintending a 




WILLARD W. BOYD, D.D. 

factory at Springville, Me. In this place there 
was but one church, a Baptist, whose members 
were few in number. Dr. Boyd read Spurgeon's 
sermons to them, and soon began to speak in his 
own language ; a revival followed, and the con- 
verts asked for baptism. He being a Congrega- 
tionalist, studied the question of baptism, and soon, 
with those who had lately found Jesus, he was 
baptized. In 1866 his mother died, and the fol- 
lowing year he entered Harvard University, where 
he graduated with honor in 1871. After spending 
a year at a German university he was appointed 
tutor in Harvard College, and held the position 
till, in 1873, he accepted the pastorate of the First 
Baptist church in Charlestown, — a part of Boston, 
Mass. With this church he remained four years, 
and received about 400 members into its fellow- 
ship. In June, 1877, he was installed as pastor 
of the Second Baptist church of St. Louis, Mo. 
In June, 1878, he received the honorary degree 
of Doctor of Divinity from Shurtleff College, 111. 
In Dr. Boyd are combined scholarship, executive 
ability, and pulpit eloquence. He possesses great 
energy and piety. Many have been added to his 
church in St. Louis since his settlement, and the 
house of worship has been twice built, owing to 
fire. He occupies one of the most responsible po- 
sitions in the Baptist denomination in the Missis- 



sippi Valley, and preaches to very large congre- 
gations. 

Boyden, Rev. Jabez S., was born in Essex Co., 
N. Y., in 1831 ; brought to Michigan while still an 
infant ; baptized in Mooreville, in June, 1850, and 
educated for the ministry at Kalamazoo College, 
from which he graduated in 1856. He settled at 
once as pastor in Novi, and was ordained in No- 
vember of the same year. His successive pastorates 
were, in Flint, four years ; in Novi, again three 
years ; in Howell, four years : in Franklin, Ind., 
one year ; in Ypsilanti, seven years. During all 
this time he was continuously in the pastorate 
without the intermission of a single day. At Novi 
he baptized 117 ; in Flint, 63 ; in Howell, 163 ; and 
during the time of the Franklin and Ypsilanti pas- 
torates, 163. While pastor at Flint he was one 
year chaplain of the 10th Regiment of Mich. Vols., 
Infantry. 

In August, 1879, he became financial secretary 
of Kalamazoo College, and is at present residing 
in Kalamazoo, engaged most vigorously in the 
work of securing an adequate endowment for the 
college, and the means for defraying its current 
expenses. 

Boykin, James, a deacon of the Baptist church 
at Columbus, Ga., was born in 1792, near Camden, 
in South Carolina. With his father, Francis Boy- 
kin, he moved to Georgia, and settled on a large 
plantation in Washington County, ten miles south 
of Milledgeville ; in 1829 he sold his home and plant- 
ing interests to his brother, Dr. Samuel Boykin, 
and moved to Columbus, and settled on another 
plantation in Stewart County, twenty miles from 
Columbus. He united with the Columbus church, 
and was ordained a deacon, which office he filled 
worthily until his death, in 1846. He was at that 
time quite wealthy, and gave liberally of his means 
to sustain the gospel and to establish Mercer Uni- 
versity. He was an exceedingly kind man. To 
his children he was the most tender and affectionate 
of parents ; to his wife the most devoted of hus- 
bands ; he was a Christian without reproach. A 
security debt swept away nearly $100,000 of his 
property, yet he never murmured, or spoke an un- 
kind word of the man who caused his financial 
ruin, but preserved his cheerfulness and gentle 
serenity until called "up higher" at the age of 
fifty-four. 

He did much in founding and sustaining the 
church at Columbus, and was a most useful, zealous, 
and liberal Christian, whose memory is even yet 
fragrant among those who knew him. 

Boykin, Rev. Samuel, was born in Milledge- 
ville, Baldwin Co., Ga., Nov. 24, 1829. His 
mother's maiden name was Narcissa Cooper, 
daughter of Thomas Cooper, whose ancestors 
came from England. His paternal ancestor, Ed- 



BOTKIN 



124 



BOTKIN 



ward Boykin, caine from Caernarvonshire, Wales, 
and settled in Isle of Wight Co., Va., in 1685. 
William Boykin, the grandson of Edward Boy- 
kin, emigrated to Kershaw Co., S. C, in 1755 
or 1756, and settled six miles south of Camden. 
His third son, Francis Boykin. participated in most 
of the battles of the State during the Revolutionary 
war, and rose to be a major of infantry in the 




REV. SAMUEL BOVKIN. 

army, having taken part in the battle of Fort 
Moultrie. 

About the year 1800 Mr. Boykin moved to 
Georgia, and settled near Milledgeville, where he 
died in 1821. Three of his children grew to ma- 
turity, — -Eliza, Samuel, and James. Samuel, born 
in 1786, died in 1848, was the father of the subject 
of this sketch. He graduated at the State Uni- 
versity of Georgia and at a medical college in 
Philadelphia, and practiced medicine in Georgia 
for twenty-five or thirty years. He was also a 
large planter. He removed to Columbus, Ga., 
where he spent the last years of his life. He en- 
gaged in planting and in banking, and was very 
prosperous. He was fond of books, and a lover 
of science ; and at his hospitable home distin- 
guished literary and scientific men of the New 
and Old World were pleased to visit, and ever 
found in Dr. Boykin a congenial spirit. 

Samuel Boykin, his son, spent his earliest years 
in Columbus. He was sent to Pennsylvania and 
Connecticut for education, but came back to 
Georgia and took a full course at the State Univer- 
sity, where he graduated in 1851. He then spent 
nearly a year in foreign travel. While prosecuting 



his studies at the State University he made a pro- 
fession of religion and joined the Baptist church. 
He was licensed to preach in 1852, and ordained 
Sept. 16, 1861. In 1859 he became the editor of 
the Christian Index, then published in Macon, Ga., 
and owned by the Baptist Convention of the State. 
In 1861 he became the sole proprietor of the Index. 
He continued successfully its publication until 
1865, when the disasters of the war between the 
States stopped it. His editorial management was 
characterized by decided ability. He subsequently 
sold the Index to J. J. Toon, of Atlanta, by whom 
it was revived. For several years he also pub- 
lished and edited the Child^s Index, which he re- 
sumed after the war. This child's paper was 
merged into Kind Woi-ds in 1872, a paper owned 
by the Southern Baptist Convention, and published 
at Memphis, Tenn. In 1873, Mr. Boykin was 
elected editor of Kind Wbrdu, which position he 
has held ever since. Under his management the 
paper has reached a very large circulation, is now 
well established, and it is a paper of great value. 
Mr. Boykin was pastor for one year of the Second 
Baptist church of Macon, but having been called 
to Memphis to edit Kind Words in 1873, he re- 
signed that charge. 

When the Sunday-School Board was abolished in 
1874, the paper was removed to Macon, and there 
published. Mr. Boykin then returned to Georgia. 
Editing has been his chief employment, for which 
he is peculiarly fitted. He has been identified with 
Baptist interests in Georgia for many years. In 
the cause of missions and Sunday-schools he has 
been very useful, wielding a large influence over 
the young of the denomination as editor and ex- 
positorof the"Sunday-SchoolLessons." He is now 
in (he prime of life, with an active mind and un- 
tiring industry. The Baptist denomination may 
still expect large results from his labors and his 
commanding talents. 

Boykin, Rev. Thomas Cooper, State school 
evangelist for the Georgia Baptist Convention, 
brother of the foregoing, was born in Baldwin 
County, ten miles from Milledgeville, Jan. 1, 1836. 
His parents moved to Columbus soon after his 
birth, and he was reared in that city. Converted 
under the ministry of John E. Dawson, he joined 
the Columbus church in 1851, and was educated at 
Penfield, in Mercer University, and at Columbia, 
S. C, in the South Carolina College, from which 
he was graduated with distinction in 1856. In 
1858 he began a planter's life in Russell Co., Ala., 
near Columbus, transferring his membership to the 
Mount Lebanon church in 1863. That church li- 
censed him in 1864, and by it he was called to or- 
dination in 1865. It was while acting as pastor 
for this church that he developed a strong passion 
for the Sunday-school work, and the brethren of 



BOYNTON 



BRADFORD 



the Alabama Convention, recognizing his zeal and 
ability, placed him at the head of their State Sun- 
day-school efforts in 1872. But his native State 
called him to her service on the 1st of September, 
1874, and he removed tn Georgia, settled in Atlanta, 




REV. THOMAS COOPER BOYKIN. 

and, under an appointment of the State Baptist 
Convention, began a work in the Sunday-school 
cause which he has continued to prosecute most 
vigorously and prosperously until the present time 
(1880). Through his exertions the Sunday-school 
work in the State has been pretty thoroughly or- 
ganized ; 26 Sunday-school conventions have been 
put in operation, and 500 schools have been estab- 
lished, while all over the State a healthy and en- 
thusiastic Sunday-school spirit has been aroused in 
the denomination. 

Mr. Boykin is a preacher of ability, and in his 
style is exceedingly pointed and practical. During 
a pastorate of three years he baptized 70 persons 
into the Mount Lebanon, — a country church. He 
has the happy faculty of making himself interesting 
and instructive to all, especially to the young. He 
is an indefatigable laborer, and he is thoroughly 
conversant with every phase of the Sunday-school 
work. 

Boynton, Hon. Nehemiah, was born in what 

is now Rockport, but then a section of Gloucester, 
Mass., Dec. 2, 1804. When he was twenty-one 
yeai's of age he commenced business at St. George, 
Me., where he remained nine years, and then re- 
moved to West Thomaston, Me. Here he carried 
on business for eleven years. At the end of this 
period he removed to Boston, and embarked in the 



business which he prosecuted with energy and suc- 
cess for the remainder of his life. Mr. Boynton's 
residence was in Chelsea, where, as a member and 
an officer in the First Baptist church, he gave 
himself with great devotion to the service of his 
Lord and Master. For two years he was a senator 
from his district in the Massachusetts Senate, and 
for three years, 1862, 1864, and 1865, a period of 
great responsibility, he was a member of Gov. 
Andrew's Executive Council for the county of 
Suffolk. 

If Mr. Boynton was a successful merchant and 
an honorable councillor, he filled also another post, 
which to him was one of higher honor and more 
sacred trust than either of the other two. A vacancy 
having occurred in the Executive Committee of the 
Missionary Union in 1853, he was appointed to fill 
it. At once his business capacities pointed him 
out as the proper person to be selected as chairman 
of the Committee on Finance. In 1855 he was 
chosen treasurer of the Union, and held the office for 
nine years in succession. In the hands of no better 
man could the great trust have been placed. He 
entered upon the duties of his office when the so- 
ciety was burdened with a heavy debt. He lived 
to see the debt wiped out and the credit of the 
Union, in all parts of the world where it transacted 
its business, placed upon the soundest basis, so 
that its drafts were as promptly honored as those 
of any banking or mercantile house then or since 
known. 

" The prominent personal qualities of Mr. Boyn- 
ton," says one who knew him well, "were fittingly 
symbolized by his commanding personal presence. 
Weight and symmetry of character were his in an 
eminent degree. No man was ever less influenced 
by personal fears or preferences. His action was 
based on public and solid reasons. No member of 
the committee ever commanded greater influence 
for his opinions. The answer to the question, 
'What does Deacon Boynton think of it?' was 
almost enough to conclude any matter of weight. 
To the high personal qualities which contributed 
to this beautiful wholeness he added a faith in 
God, and in the loyalty of his redeemed people, 
that made him confident, where to human sense 
there seemed more ground for despondency." 
With the record of such a life as he lived before all 
men, there was no need of a dying testimony. 
Deacon Boynton died Nov. 22, 1868. 

Bradford, Rev. C. G., is quite young, probably 
not more than thirty, but a man of unusual promise. 
His delivery is quiet but exceedingly impressive, 
and he is one of the few whose sermons would lose 
nothing by being read instead of heard. They are 
brief and elegantly finished. He has tried again and 
again to leave the Beech Island church, in Aiken 
Co., S. C, having been reared in that vicinity, and 



BRADFORD 



BRANEAM 



thinking he might be more useful elsewhere, but 
the church still retains him. 

Bradford, Rev. Shadrach S., was born at 

Plympton, Mass., May 24, 1813. He took a part 
of his college course at Waterville, Me., graduating 
at Columbian College, Washington, D. C, in the 
class of 1837. His theological studies were pursued 
at Newton, where he graduated in 1840. He was 
ordained pastor of the church at Pawtucket, R. I., 
June 8, 1841, and remained in this position for ten 
years, resigning in 1851. Such was the state of 
his health that he was obliged to abandon the min- 
istry. For several years he was in active business 
in Providence. Mr. Bradford was elected a trustee 
of Brown University in 1863, and a Fellow in 1865. 

Bradford, E,ev. Zabdiel, was bom in Plympton, 
Mass., on the 13th of August, 1809. On the side 
of both parents he was of genuine Puritan stock, 
his paternal ancestor being Gov. William Bradford, 
and his maternal ancestor the renowned Capt. 
Miles Standish. Of such an ancestry any man 
might justly be proud. Before he reached his 
eighteenth year he became a subject of God's con- 
verting grace. The state of his health being such 
as to settle the question of his physical inability to 
enter into active business, it was decided that he 
should obtain a liberal education. In the year 
1830 he became a member of Waterville College, 
with the intention of fitting himself for the Chris- 
tian ministry. After his graduation he prosecuted 
his theological studies for nearly three years, and 
then accepted a call to the Baptist church in what 
is now Yarmouth, Cumberland Co., Me. The min- 
istry of Mr. Bradfoi'd, extending over a period of 
eight years, was one of great spiritual prosperity. 
He had the happiness of witnessing more than one 
powerful revival. As the result of one of these 
outpourings of the Spirit he baptized nearly 100 
persons. 

The long winters and uncongenial springs of the 
sea-coast of Maine were too trying to the constitu- 
tion of Mr. Bradford, and, with a severe pang, he 
felt compelled to sever the ties which united him to 
a most affectionate people. He accepted a call 
from what was then the Pine Street, now Central 
Baptist church, in Providence, and was recognized 
as pastor in November, 1844, and labored with his 
customary fidelity and success for more than four 
years. He died May 16, 1849, at the comparatively 
early age of forty years. 

Mr. Bradford was a man of much more than or- 
dinary ability. He possessed a singularly vivid 
imagination, and sometimes the play of his fancy 
in his discourses was most striking, and arrested 
the attention of the most careless and thoughtless. 
He concentrated all his faculties to the cause of his 
Master, and in his closing hours was sustained by 
that grace the riches of which he had proclaimed 



so earnestly fi-om the sacred desk. " That plan," 
he said, " that capital plan ! I have looked it 
through and through this winter, and it is all I 
want." Who can doubt that when he came into 
the presence of his God and Saviour he did find it 
was all he wanted ? 

Bramlette, Gov. Thomas E., was born in Cum- 
berland Co., Ky., Jan. 3, 1817. In early life he 
joined a Baptist church, and was active in the 
councils of his denomination. He was admitted to 
the practice of law in 1837. In 1,841 he was elected 
to the State Legislature ; here his splendid abilities 
speedily attracted public attention. In 1849 he 
was appointed Commonwealth's attorney. In 1852 
he moved from Burksville to Columbia, Ky., and 
was elected circuit judge, and filled the position 
during six years. At the breaking out of the Re- 
bellion he accepted a colonel's commission, raised 
a regiment of volunteers, and entered the Federal 
army. In 1862 he resigned to accept the appoint- 
ment of U. S. attorney for Kentucky. In 1863 he 
was commissioned major-general. While organ- 
izing his division he was nominated candidate for 
governor. Again he resigned his position in the 
army, and was elected governor of the Common- 
wealth, in which capacity he served four years. 
He now became weary of the burdens of public 
ofiSce, and settled in Louisville, where he enjoyed 
an extensive and lucrative practice of law until his 
death, Jan. 12, 1875. 

Branham, Joel E.., D.D.,was born in Eaton- 
ton, Putnam Co., Ga., Dec. 23, 1825. His parents 
were Dr. Joel Branham and Emily, daughter of 
Thomas Cooper, the devoted Baptist deacon of 
Eatonton. He went to Penfield to school in the 
year 1838, while quite young, and remained three 
years. He was a pupil there when Mercer Insti- 
tute was organized as a college, and was a member 
of the first Freshman class. After leaving Penfield 
he attended the Eatonton school until about his 
eighteenth year. In 1845 he entered Emory Col- 
lege, at which he was graduated in 1847. He was 
converted and joined the Baptist church at Pen- 
field in 1838. He was ordained in 1866, in Madi- 
son, Ga. He was called to ordination by the Madi- 
son Baptist church, and immediately after to the 
charge of that church, in which he continued two 
and a half years. While residing in Tennessee he 
incidentally served the churches at Brownsville, 
Humboldt, and Stanton. Compelled by ill health 
to return to Georgia in 1874, he was called to the 
pastorate of the church in Marietta, at the same 
time preaching once a month to the church at 
Noonday. He is at present pastor of the Baptist 
church at Eatonton, Ga., and preaches once a 
month to the church at Harmony, Putnam Co., 
and also to the church at Monticello, Jasper Co.. 
Ga. He was a member of the faculty of the Geor- 



127 



BRANTLY 



gia Female College in its early organization ; was 
president of the same institution after the war. 
From 1868 to 1874 was president of Brownsville 
Baptist Female College, the leading Baptist insti- 



meeting in the Milledgeville church, of which Dr. 
S. G. Hillyer was then pastor, he made a profession 
of religion, and was liaptized hy his father in the 
Oconee River, near Millcdirevillo. 




JOEL R. BRANHAM, D.D. 

tution of West Tennessee at that period. He was 
for a time trustee of Mercer University. 

Dr. Branham is one of the best educated and 
most highly cultivated of the living Georgia Bap- 
tist ministers, and to pulpit ability of high rank he 
unites fine oratorical powers and an exceeding 
amiability of disposition. He is remarkably clear 
in all his statements, because of a keen mental 
vision and a strong intellectual grasp. His talents 
are of a high order, and his sermons are surpassed 
by few, if by any, of the State ministry. 

Many of the years of his life have been spent in 
imparting instruction, generally as the president 
of a college for young ladies, and he is a teacher 
of rare ability. 

Brantly, John J., D.D., Professor of Belles- 
Lettres and Modern Languages in Mercer Univer- 
sity, Macon, Ga., and son of Dr. "VVm. T. Brantly, 
Sr., and half-brother of Dr. Wm. T. Brantly, Jr., 
was born in Augusta, Ga., Dec. 29, 1821. The 
first twelve years of his life were spent in Phila- 
delphia, when his father was pastor of the First 
Baptist church of that city. He then went with his 
father to Charleston, S. C, where he entered the 
Sophomore class of Charleston College, of which 
!iis father was president. While a student in the 
Charleston College he paid a summer visit during 
vacation to relatives at Scottsborough, a few miles 
from Milledgeville, Ga., and during a protracted 



JOHN J. BRANTLY, D.D. 

Graduating in 1840, he went to Chatham Co., 
N. C, — his father's old home, — and afterwards 
to Pittsborough, in both of which places he en- 
gaged in teaching. As he was debating in his 
mind whether to study law or medicine, he went 
in the fall of 1844, to Charleston, on a visit to his 
father, who had been stricken with paralysis. 
During that visit his thoughts were turned to the 
ministry, and he decided that his duty lay in that 
direction. He was licensed by the First church of 
Charleston, his father signing the license, the last 
official act he performed. Mr. Brantly was or- 
dained at Fayetteville, N. C, in 1845, having ac- 
cepted a call to the pastoral charge of the church 
in that place. In a year or two he resigned to take 
charge of the high school there ; but in the spring 
of 1850 he accepted the pastoral charge of the 
church at Newbury Court-House, S. C, where he 
remained until elected to his present position, in 
1867. During the interval between the resignation 
of Dr. Warren and the settlement of Dr. Skinner 
he served the Macon church as temporary pastor. 
Dr. J. J. Brantly is a thorough scholar. He is 
well read in the ancient classics, both Greek and 
Latin, and he is the master of several modern lan- 
guages. With the writings of " the fathers" he is 
familiar. He is also a perfect master of English 
composition. His extreme modesty only has pre- 
vented him from being widely known as one of the 



BRANTLY 



128 



BRANTLY 



most finished scholars and able preachers of our 
denomination in the United States. 
Brantly, William T., Jr., B.D., son of the Dr. 

W. T. Brantly of sainted memory, was born in Beau- 
fort, S. C. He removed with his father, at the age 




WILLIAM T. BRANTLY, JR., D.D. 

of nine years, to Philadelphia, where, in 1826, the 
father became the pastor of the First Baptist 
church. Under a careful home culture, supple- 
mented by the training of the best schools, young 
Brantly was prepared to enter college at an early 
age. While thus preparing, in 1834, he was bap- 
tized into the fellowship of the First church of 
Philadelphia, the baptism being in the Delaware 
River ; and in 1838 he was licensed by the same 
church to preach. Having entered Brown Univer- 
sity, he graduated with distinction in 1840. The 
same year he was invited to the pastorate of the 
First Baptist church of Augusta, Ga., which posi- 
tion he accepted and held with inarked success for 
eight years, during which time the membership 
was doubled, and the house enlarged to accommo- 
date the increasing congregation. Dr. Brantly's 
varied culture and polished scholarship attracted 
to his ministrations an unusual number of the more 
intelligent of the community, and soon the authori- 
ties of the University of Georgia were anxious to 
secure his services as one of its faculty of instruc- 
tion. Accordingly, in 1848 he was elected Professor 
of Belles-Lettres and Evidences of Christianity and 
Histoi'y in that institution, a position which he 
filled with distinguished ability until 1856. In 
1853 he was elected pastor of the First Baptist 
church, Philadelphia, but declined the invitation. 



In 1856 he was invited to the pastorate of the Taber- 
nacle church in the same city, and anxious to be 
engaged again in the active and, to him, congenial 
duties of pastoral life, he accepted the position. 
He continued to serve the Tabernacle church for 
five years, during vvhich time he had the pleasure 
of seeing the membership greatly increase in num- 
ber and efficiency. In 1861, Dr. Brantly was in- 
vited to take charge of the Second Baptist church 
at Atlanta, Ga., where he remained, with the ex- 
ception of an interruption arising from the troubles 
of the war, until 1871, in which year he became the 
pastor of the Seventh Baptist church, Baltimore, 
Md., succeeding the honored Dr. R. Fuller, when 
he and a large number of the members of that 
church withdrew to constitute the present Eutaw 
Place church. Dr. Brantly still remains pastor of 
the Seventh church, and is eminently successful in 
his ministrations. As a preacher, he is earnest, 
graceful, and instructive ; as a pastor, genial, lov- 
ing, and companionable, and ever a welcome guest 
in the homes of his people. No one feels a warmer 
interest in all the denominational movements of 
the day than he ; while for educational institutions 
and their instructors he cherishes that ardent and 
unwavering attachment which stamps him, as by 
nature, one of the guild. He is an overseer of the 
Columbian University, and no one is more heartily 
welcomed to its meetings for business and its com- 
mencement exercises than himself. The University 
of Geoi'gia in 1854 conferred on him the honorary 
degree of D.D. 

Brantly, "William T., Sr., D.D., was born in 
Chatham Co., N. C, Jan. 23, 1787. He was con- 
verted to God in his fifteenth year. He was edu- 
cated at South Carolina College, Columbia, S. C, 
of which Jonathan Maxcy, D.D., was president. 
He graduated with distinction in 1808, inspiring 
hopes in those who became acquainted with his 
talents of a bright future for the young minister. 
In 1811 he became a pastor, though he had preached 
regularly for years before, and he took the over- 
sight of the church of Beaufort, S. C, where he 
spent eight years in toil and triumphs. The church 
was increased in numbers, knowledge, and spir- 
itual strength, and the pastor was regarded as one 
of the most eloquent preachers in the South. In 
1819 he became rector a second time of Richmond 
Academy, Augusta, Ga., an institution endowed by 
that State ; and immediately he began to preach 
every Sunday in the chapel of the academy, for 
there was no Baptist church in Augusta. His 
talents soon drew throngs, a church was organized. ' 
and in two years a meeting-house was built and 
paid for, at a cost of $20,000, the equal of any sim- 
ilar structure in the State. His services as preacher 
and pastor, like many of the earlier Baptist min- 
isters in the South, he, unwJsely for the people. 



BRAY 



129 



BRAYMAN 



but generously, gave for nothing. His usefulness 
was felt throughout every part of Georgia. 

Dr. Holeombe, pastor of the First Baptist church 
of Philadelphia, on his death-bed, recommended 
Dr. Brantly as his successor. After a second in- 
vitation had been extended to him by the First 
church, he removed to Philadelphia in the spring 
of 1826. In that city his success was remarkable, 
— in eleven years he baptized 600 persons into the 
fellowship of the First church, and he was instru- 
mental in founding the Norristown church. De- 
clining health, compelled him to turn southward 
again, and in 1837 he accepted the pastorate of the 
First church, Charleston, S. C. Shortly after he 
came 'to that city he was appointed president of 
the College of Charleston, the duties of which he 
discharged till disease forbade him. He died in 
March, 1845. 

Dr. Brantly was a man of fine talents ; his learn- 
ing was profound, his classical scholarship was of 
the highest order, his voice had unusual compass 
and melody, and his heart went with his eloquent 
utterances, so that his oratory was overwhelming ; 
the whole audience would be alternately bathed in 
teai's or carried up to the third heaven in jubilant de- 
light. Christ was everything in his heart and in his 
sermons, and his ministry was a blessing to the 
North and to the South of untold value. 

Bray, Rev. Nathan H., the apostle of the Sa- 
bine region, Louisiana, was born in Petersborough, 
England, April 29, 1809 ; emigrated to the United 
States in 1840, and landed at New Orleans. He 
began to preach in 1847, and under his labors 
churches were planted in all that portion of Louis- 
iana bordering on the Sabine River. He was in- 
defatigable, and 50 or 60 churches and 3 Associa- 
tions sprang up as the fruit, more or less direct, 
of his efforts. He was over twenty years moderator 
of Sabine Association, and for many years an officer 
in the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, and for the last 
three years parish judge. He died Feb. 18, 1875. 

Brayman, Mason, was born in Buffalo. N. Y., 
May 23, 1813. His parents, Daniel and Anna 
Brayman, were among the pioneers of Western 
New York, and settled in the town of Hamburgh, 
Erie Co., in 181 1. At the beginning of the war of 
1812-15 they removed to Buffalo, not knowing what 
course the Seneca Indians, whose reservation lay 
between the two towns, might take in the contest. 
On the restoration of peace they i-eturned to their 
farm in Hamburgh, accompanied by the subject of 
this sketch, where he remained until he was between 
seventeen and eighteen years old, when he went to 
Buffalo, and entered the office of the Journal as an 
apprentice to the printing business. While serving 
his time he began the study of the law, which he 
continued while subsequently editing the Republi- 
can and Bulletin. He was admitted to the bar in 



1836. He removed to Monroe, Mich., in the sum- 
mer of 1837, where he pursued his fiivorite profes- 
sions of law and journalism. He remained here 
until 1839, and after a brief sojourn at Wooster, 



mi 




MAJ.-GEN. MASON BRAYMAN. 

0., we next find him at Louisville, Ky., as editor 
of the Daily Advertiser. After a successful career 
of about three years as editor, Mr. Brayman made 
another westward move, and pitched his tent in 
Springfield, 111 , in 1842, where he again entered 
upon the practice of law in partnership with the 
Hon. Jesse B. Thomas. Not forgetting his pro- 
pensity for editorial life, he wrote much for the 
Fitate Register, and also acted as assistant State 
treasurer for several years. He was appointed by 
Gov. Ford to revise and codify the laws of the 
State, and the result of his labors, which the legal 
profession facetiously called the "Braminical 
Code," was authority in all Illinois courts for many 
years. He was also commissioned by Gov. Ford 
special State's attorney to prosecute the offenses 
which grew out of the "Mormon war" at Nauvoo. 
After the transfer of the Congressional land 
grant by the State to the Illinois Central Railroad 
Company. Mr. Brayman became the attorney of 
the corporation, which necessitated his removal to 
Chicago, where, in 1853, he opened an office, and 
engaged in securing the right of way and the 
transaction of the general business of that com- 
pany. His connection with the company having 
terminated, he was appointed land agent of the 
Cairo and Fulton Railroad Company of Missouri 
and Arkansas, and subsequently became general 
superintendent for the construction of the road. 



BRAYMAN 



130 



BRAYTON 



The opening of the civil war found him again 
in Springfield. He enlisted in the 29th Illinois 
Volunteers, of which he was soon commissioned as 
major by Gov. Yates, and was also appointed adju- 
tant on the staff of Gen. McClernand. The first 
battle in which he was under fire was the short but 
bloody one of Belmont, in Missouri. Then followed 
Forts Henry and Donelson, where Major Brayman 
is credited with having done brave and efficient 
service. At the great battle of Pittsburgh Land- 
ing he commanded a brigade, and for meritorious 
conduct on the field was promoted to be a brigadier- 
general. He followed the fortunes of the victorious 
army, and was assigned to separate commands. His 
health having become impaired by a partial sun- 
stroke, Gen. Brayman left the active duties of the 
field, and was subsequently in command of Camp 
Dcnison, at Columbus, 0., the district of Cairo, in 
Illinois and Kentucky, and of Natchez, in Missis- 
sippi, and towards the conclusion of the war was 
appointed president of a commission or court to 
adjudicate upon the important cotton cases which 
had been accumulating at New Orleans. So well 
satisfied were the President and Secretai-y of War 
Avith his varied and important services that he was 
brevetted major-general. 

The war being over, Gen. Brayman returned to 
Springfield. Having become part proprietor of the 
Quincy Whig and its editor, he removed to that 
city, but subsequently returned to Springfield, as 
editor and co-proprietor of the Daily Journal. But 
his health having been much impaired by the hard 
services of the war, he was impelled to remove to 
Green Lake, Wis., which is his present home. In 
1876, Gen. Grant, his old commander, tendered 
him the governorship of Idaho, which he accepted, 
and is still at his post when this sketch is written, 
though his term of office has nearly expired. 

Gen. Brayman was a member of the Baptist 
church when he came to Illinois, having been bap- 
tized by Rev. Charles Morton at Wooster, 0., in 
1839. He immediately identified himself actively 
with the local and general work of the denomina- 
tion in this State, and has ever been an efficient 
and liberal helper. In 1855 he was elected presi- 
dent of the American Baptist Publication Society, 
and has been several times president of the General 
Association of the State. He also has ever taken 
an active interest in educational movements. He 
has been trustee and one of the regents of the Uni- 
versity of Chicago, and trustee of the Illinois State 
Industrial University, and was one of the founders 
and first members of the Chicago Historical So- 
ciety. While in command at Natchez he estab- 
lished schools for the colored people ; while in 
Little Rock, Ark., on railroad business, he gave 
positive aid in school matters, and since his resi- 
dence in Wisconsin has been connected with the 



management of Wayland Institute, at Beaver 
Dam. • 

Brayton, Rev. Durlin. L., was born in Hub- 
bardston, Vt., Oct. 27, 1808. Having decided to 
enter the Christian ministry, he pursued his col- 
legiate studies at Brown University, and his theo- 
logical studies at Newton, where he graduated in 
1837. He was ordained at Providence. Oct. 15, 
1837, having received his appointment as a mis- 
sionai'y the June previous. He sailed from Bos- 
ton Oct. 28, 1857, and reaching Maulmain, Feb. 19, 
1858, became connected with the Karen department 
of the Maulmain mission, from which he was trans- 
ferred to Mergui the April following, where he 
devoted himself to labors among the Pwo Karens. 
Near the close of this year Mr. and Mrs. Brayton 
returned to this countrj'^, on account of the illness 
of Mrs. Brayton. He remained but a ^ew months, 
and then resumed his work at Mergui. For sev- 
eral years he was occupied with his missionary la- 
bors, making Mergui his headquarters, and visiting 
the adjacent regions to preach the gospel as oppor- 
tunity presented. In March, 1854, he removed to 
Donabew for the purpose of reaching a numerous 
Pwo Karen population in that vicinity. He re- 
mained here until May, 1855, when he established 
himself at Kemmendine. His relation with the 
Union was dissolved by a letter of resignation 
bearing date July 28, 1856, and was resumed in 
October, 1861. With the exception of the time 
spent in a second visit to his native land, Mr. 
Brayton has devoted himself to missionary labors 
among the Pwo Karens in the Rangoon Karen de- 
partment, where, at the last report, there were 13 
churches, with 398 members. Mr. Brayton' s forty 
years of service as a missionary have been accom- 
panied with the richest blessings from heaven. 

Brayton, Hon. George Arnold, LL.D., son of 
Charles and Rebecca (Havens) Brayton, was born 
in Warwick, R. I., Aug. 4, 1803. He was prepared 
for college at Kent Academy, in East Greenwich, 
R. I., and was graduated with high rank at Brown 
University, in the class of 1824. Among his class- 
mates were the eminent Prof. George W. Keely, 
of Waterville College ; Hon. Ezra Wilkinson, jus- 
tice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts; and 
Rev. William Leverett, of Newport, R. I. He was 
admitted to the bar in 1827, and at once opened 
an office in his native town. He was called during 
a succession of yeai's to fill various offices of honor 
and trust in the gift of his fellow-citizens of his 
native town. In 1843 he was chosen by the Gen- 
eral Assembly associate justice of the Supreme 
Court of Rhode Island. He held this office until 
1868, when he was elected chief justice, remaining 
in office until 1874, when ill health obliged him to 
resign, after a judicial service of thirty-one years, 
the longest in the history of Rhode Island. So 



BRA YTON 



131 



BREAKER 



highly was he appreciated that his salary was con- 
tinued until his death. He spent the last years of 
his life in the retirement of his home in East Green- 
wich. He contemplated the close of life with 
Christian calmness and composure. Although 




CHIEF JUSTICE GEORGE ARNOLD BRAYTON. 

Judge Brayton never made a public profession of 
religion, his sympathies were with the Baptists, 
and, had his health not given way, it was his pur- 
pose to have been baptized on a profession of his 
personal faith in Christ. His death occurred April 
21, 1880. He received from Brown University, in 
1870, the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. In 
1831 he married Celia Greene Clarke, a descendant 
of Joseph Clarke, of Newport, R. I., a brother of 
Dr. John Clarke, a name distinguished in the an- 
nals of Baptist history in Rhode Island. 

Brayton, Rev. Jonathan, son of Lodowick and 
Betsey (Knight) Brayton, was born in Cranston, 
R. I., June 12, 1811. The first eighteen years of 
his life were spent on his father's farm. He then 
worked at the trade of a carpenter four years. At 
the end of this period he came very near losing his 
life in consequence of a fall of sixty feet from the 
steeple of a church upon which he was at work in 
Providence. Previous to this his thoughts had 
been directed to his personal spiritual state, and 
after his conversion, to the work of the ministry. 
En the event which laid him aside from his trade 
he seemed to hear the call of God to prepare him- 
self to become a minister of the gospel. Although 
!ie was now twenty-two years of age, he entered 
upon a course of preparatory study, and in the fall 



of 1839 entered the Hamilton Theological Institu- 
tion, where he remained two years, completing his 
course of study in 1841. Peculiar circumstances 
led him to decide to be ordained at Hamilton, and 
he was publicly set apart to the work of the Chris- 
tian ministry by the faculty of the institution per- 
forming the services of his ordination. At once 
hef returned to Rhode Island, and commenced his 
ministry at Phenix, where a powerful revival fol- 
lowed his labors and a prosperous church was es- 
tablished. The other settlements of Mr. Brayton 
have all been in his native State, in two villages in 
Warwick, in one village in Coventry, and in Paw- 
tucket. Such has been the state of his health that 
he has been unable always to perform the duties 
of a pastor, but in all matters affecting the welfare 
and prosperity of his denomination he has ever 
taken the most substantial interest. He has held 
many important local offices, and his name has been, 
mentioned in connection with the governorship of 
Ithode Island. 

Brayton, Hon. "William. Daniel, son of Hon. 
Cliarles and Rebecca (Havens) Brayton, was born 
in Warwick, R. I., Nov. 6, 1815 ; studied at Kings- 
ton Academy and Brown University ; engaged in 
the lumber trade ; was representative in the General 
Assembly in 1841 and 1842 ; a major during the 
" Dorr war" ; became town clerk of Warwick ; 
president of the town council ; in 1848, State sena- 
tor ; in 1851 was again in the General Assembly ; 
in 1855 was again State senator ; in 1856, Presi- 
dential elector; in 1857, elected representative to 
Congress, and re-elected in 1859 ; served on a war 
committee during the Rebellion ; in 1862 was ap- 
pointed collector of internal revenue ; in 1872, dele- 
gate to National Republican Convention ; a steadfast 
Baptist and earnest patriot ; and has had charge 
of the money-orders of the Providence post-office. 

Breaker, Rev. J. M. C, was born near Camden, 
Kershaw District, S. C, July 25, 1824 ; graduated 
from Furman Literary and Theological Institution, 
Fairfield, S. C, June, 1846 ; ordained to the minis- 
try July 3, 1846; has been pastor of Greenville, 
Grahamville, Beaufort, Columbia, Spartansburg, 
S. C. ; Newbern, N. C. ; Park Avenue, St. Louis, 
Liberty and First church, St. Joseph, Mo. ; and 
has been pastor at Houston, Texas, since April, 
1877, where he is excelled by no other city minister 
in ability and influence ; for several years was sec- 
retary of the South Carolina Baptist State Con- 
vention ; founded and edited at Columbia, S. C, 
during the war, a weekly paper called The Con- 
federate Baptist; received the degree of D.D. from 
Lagrange College,. Mo. ; is a life-member of the 
American Baptist Missionary Union, American 
Baptist Publication Society, and the American 
Bible Society ; has baptized 1520 persons ; is author 
of a prize essay on "Communion," published in 



BREEDLOVE 



BRIDGMAN 



1859, and has contributed a number of articles to 
the Christian Review and other periodicals. 

Breedlove, Charles E,., was born in Danville, 
Va., April 3, 1831 ; educated at Baylor University, 
Texas ; graduated both from the cullegiate depart- 
ment and the law school ; served three years in 
Col. L. M. Martin's Confederate regiment: has 
been a member of the Baptist Church twenty-one 
years ; since 1865 has practiced law at Brenhain, 
Texas, with distinguished success and profit. He 
has been president of the Texas Baptist Sunday- 
School Convention, and is connected with all the 
prominent benevolent enterprises of the denomina- 
tion, working earnestly and contributing freely, 
lie is in the front rank as a lawyer, and he holds 
a high place among the earnest working Christians 
of the United States. 

Breland, Rev. 0. F., was a leading minister in 
Southeast Mississippi. He was born in Copiah 
Co., Miss., in 1825 ; began to preach in 1859 ; or- 
dained in 1866 ; supplied a numljer of churches in 
Neshoba, Newton, and Leake Counties, from two 
to twelve years ; baptized 300 ; assisted in organ- 
izing seven churches and in the ordination of three 
ministers ; wrote the history of Mount Sinai church, 
and has preserved much historical material. His 
residence is at Dixon, Neshoba Co., Miss. 

Brewer, Rev. George E., was born in Coving- 
ton, Ga., Oct. 13, 1832 ; came with his father to Ala- 
bama at fifteen years of age ; began life for himself 
as a teacher in 1851. In 1852 was with his father, 
Rev. A. G. Brewer (one of the founders of the Meth- 
odist Protestant Church), engaged in the publica- 
tion of the Christian Telegraph, a weekly paper for 
that denomination. Returning to Alabama, was in 
1856 elected superintendent of public schools for 
Coosa County. In 1857 he was elected represen- 
tative from that county to the State Legislature. 
In 1859 he was chosen to the State Senate for a 
term of four years. In 1862 he entered the Con- 
federate army as captain of a company. His field- 
officers being prisoners from the 16th of May, 1863, 
to the close of the war, he commanded the 46th 
Regiment of Alabama soldiers, and surrendered the 
regiment at Salisbury, N. C. In 1866, Gov. Patton 
appointed him inspector-general of Alabama. This 
office was resigned that he might enter upon the 
work of an evangelist, under appointment of the 
Domestic Mission Board. The religious side of 
liis history is as follows: Baptized at Rockford, 
Ala., in 1854, by Rev. Madison Butler. Ordained 
in 1859 to take charge of the church in the city of 
Wetempka, a connection which continued until he 
entered the army. As an evangelist after the war, 
through privation, and yet " with great spiritual 
joy," he continued this work for several years, 
part of the time without the patronage of any 
board, and, on foot, reaching all his appointments, 



giving satisfaction to the churches and receiving 
satisfactory support. Since 1870 he has devoted 
himself to pastoral work, having charge for some 
years of Talassee and other churches ; then for 
some years at Opelika. Mr. Brewer is one of our 
most clear-headed and warm-heai'ted men. A bold, 
gifted, able preacher, with a high order of consecra- 
tion. 

Bridgman, C. D. W., D.D.— Dr. Bridgman 

was born in Saugerties, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1835. He 




C. D. W. BRIDGMAN, D.D. 

was baptized by Rev. .Josiah Hatt into the fellow- 
ship of the Baptist church of Hoboken, N. J. His 
first pastorate was at Morristown, N. J., then at 
Jamaica, Mass., and in 1862 he took charge of Em- 
manuel Baptist church of Albany, N. Y. During 
his labors the church erected one of the largest and, 
finest edifices for public worship in our denomina- 
tion in the State. Supported by such well-known 
men as Gov. Marcy, Hon. Ira Harris, Hon. Friend 
Humphrey, Hon. Geo. Dawson, and others of wealth 
and high social influence, the church became a 
power for good in the capital of the State, and 
throughout the country. During that pastorate 
several of his sermons were printed and published 
by his people ; among them may be noted a dis- 
course delivered before the Pearl Street Baptist 
church, Aug. 28, 1870, on the occasion of leaving 
their old house of worship ; also a sermon entitled 
" The Nation's Exodus," a review of the civil war, 
and a thanksgiving for peace. A discourse at the 
funeral of Col. Lewis Benedict, who fell in battle 
fighting for the Union. A memorial discourse on 
the life and service of Rev. Bartholomew T. Welsh, 



BRIERL Y 



BRIGGS 



D.D., was so highly prized that the Hudson River 
North Association published it in its annual report. 
Perhaps his published discourse on the death of 
Hon. Ira Harris produced the deepest impression 
on the public mind. The subject of the memorial 
was an officer of his church, and had a national 
reputation for probity, learning, wisdom, and [liety, 
giving the preacher a theme well suited to his 
ability. 

Dr. Bridgman is a scholarly preacher, of orthodox 
views, faultless rhetoric, and fervid zeal for the 
Master. 

In 1878 he accepted a call from the Madison 
Avenue Baptist church, New York, a field well 
adapted to his style of work, and he has had 
marked success in building up a congregation 
which had been greatly reduced. 

Brierly, Rev. Benjamin, was one of the most 
distinguished, eloquent, and influential of the early 
preachers in California. Born in York, England, 
Nov. 24, 1811, he came with his parents to America 
in 1S21, and during the great revival in Massa- 
chusetts in 1831, he was baptized at Cunningham. 
He believed that he was converted in his early 
childhood. As soon as he was baptized he gave 
great promise of usefulness by his fervent prayers 
and exhortations, and devoted himself to the min- 
i.^try. His four years of study at Newton and 
New Hampton were years of diligence, and he 
graduated with high honor. He was ordained in 
1835 at Dover. N. H., and during the nest fourteen 
years was a popular pastor at Dover, Great Falls, 
Springfield, Middlebury, Vt. : Manchester, N. H. ; 
and Salem, Mass. For the benefit of his health 
he took a sea voyage via Cape Horn to California, 
arriving there in August, 1849. He was chaplain 
of the first Legislature held in that State, preached 
at San Jose, and was pastor at Sacramento. After 
a short visit to the East he returned with his faui- 
ily to California in 1852 ; was pastor of the First 
church. San Francisco, six years; at San Jose two 
years ; and three years at Nevada City, where he 
died July 21, 1863. He was a man of great power 
in the discussion of special religious themes. His 
address in 1847 before the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society, giving his reasons for becoming 
a Baptist, was published by vote of the society, and 
liad a wide circulation. 

Briggs, Hon. George Nixon.— '■ Governor" 
Briggs, for by this title he was best known, was 
born in Adams, Mass., April 12, 1796. His father 
was a man of generous impulses and patriotic 
spirit. In the war of the Revolution he fought 
with Stark and Allen, and rejoiced in the victories 
of the American army. He removed to Man- 
■ Chester, Vt, when George was seven years of age, 
and then to White Creek, Washington Co., N. Y. 
For five years he devoted himself to the study of 



law, and at the age of twenty-one was admitted to 
the bar. One or two cases which he carried suc- 
cessfully through the courts won for him a repu- 
tation, and led to his being chosen to fill several 
important posts of honor and responsibility. 




GOV. GEORGE XIXOX BRIGGS. 

In 1830 he was chosen to represent his section 
of the State of Massachusetts in the House of 
Representatives at Washington. In this relation 
he was always the consistent Christian, the warm 
advocate of temperance, as well as the accomplished 
statesman. For twelve years he served his district 
in the councils of the nation, leaving behind him 
a name in Congress of unsullied honor. 

In 1843 his fellow-citizens, appreciating the ex- 
cellencies of his character, elected him governor 
of the State. " He was a candidate," says his son, 
" without caucus or convention or nomination, save 
by the voice of the people." When he was chosen 
representative to Congress, so warm a place did he 
come to have in the hearts of the people while he 
filled the ofiice of governor, that he justified the 
course pursued by his constituents in sending him 
to AVashington and keeping him there so many 
years. For nine years he held the ofiice of gov- 
ernor, and administered the affairs of the State in 
a way which secured him the respect and aff"ection 
of his fellow-citizens. 

Having retired from his ofiice, he was appointed 
one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas, 
until some change was made in the courts, when 
his services were no longer in demand. During 
this long period of civil service Gov. Briggs re- 
ceived some of the highest honors that his own 



BRIGGS 



134 



BRINE 



denomination could confer on him. He was pres- 
ident of the Missionary Union, and those who 
witnessed the dignity and urbanity and tact with 
which he presided over its annual meetings, will 
not be unwilling to concede that he was a model 
presiding officer. He was also president of the 
American Tract Society at Boston, and the Amer- 
ican Temperance Union. Positions of honor and 
trust were offered him, which he declined, among 
these was that of chancellor of Madison Univer- 
sity. 

The death of Gov. Briggs was caused by a seri- 
ous accident. His last words were, " I am at the 
lowest point of animal existence. I don't see. 
God and Christ are my all. I love you. Do what 
you think best. Leave all to God, God, God." 
He died Sept. 12, 1861. 

No warmer or more sincere eulogies were ever 
passed on the characters of any of Massachusetts' 
distinguished statesmen — and no State can boast 
of a lai'ger or more honored number — than were 
passed on Gov. Briggs. He was firm and un- 
wavering in his religious convictions, and true to 
the principles of the denomination with which he 
connected himself when he was but twelve years 
of age. It was understood that he was a consci- 
entious Baptist, and that did not make him the less 
a conscientious Christian. But the warmth of his 
attachment to his own church in his Pittsfield 
home it is not easy to measure. Its public and 
its private worship were exceedingly dear to him. 
Very touching were the questions which his pastor. 
Dr. Porter, asked at his funeral : '• Can it be, dear 
brethren, that he will walk these aisles no more? 
Can it be that his noble form, and mild blue eye, 
and benevolent face will not be seen again in the 
sanctuary?" 

We, as Baptists, count it a great honor that we 
can point to the name of the pure-minded gov- 
ernor of Massachusetts, upon whose fair reputation 
no stain rests, and whose moral integrity was never 
challenged by even the most violent partisan ani- 
mosity. 

Briggs, Hon. Henry C, was bom in West Ha- 
ven, Vt., June 29, 1831. In his infancy his father 
removed to Allegan Co., Mich. He was educated 
partly in Kalamazoo College and partly in the 
University of Michigan. He was admitted to the 
bar in 1861, having previously been chosen State 
senator from Allegan County. He was prosecuting 
attorney for Kalamazoo County four years, and 
judge of probate eight years. Soon after entering 
on the practice of his profession he was baptized 
by Rev. Samuel Haskell, and has ever since been 
specially interested in whatever pertains to the 
kingdom of Christ. As superintendent of the Sun- 
day-school, as trustee of Kalamazoo College, as a 
steadfast friend of temperance, he has won a good 



name. Every Baptist in the State knows him as a 
Christian lawyer desirous of honoring Christ. 

Briggs, Rev. Joel, was born in Norton, Mass., 
April 15, 1757; hopefully converted in January, 
1770 ; fitted for college with Rev. William Nelson 
and Rev. William Williams ; went to Brown Uni- 
versity ; was ordained as pastor of the Baptist 
church in Randolph, Mass., Dec. 5, 1787, and re- 
mained with this church until the time of his death, 
which occurred Jan. 18, 1828. The pastorate of 
Mr. Briggs was one of unusual length, and was 
fruitful for good. He witnessed four or five special 
revivals among his people, in one of which his 
church received an accession of between 70 and 80 
members. From his church there were formed two 
others, viz., the church in Canton and the North 
church in Randolph. 

Briggs, W. A., of Blue Rapids, Kansas, is a 
native of Western Massachusetts, and a nephew 
of the late Gov. Briggs. The church at Blue 
Rapids was organized and their house of worship 
erected under his efiicient labors. His business 
qualifications being of a high order, he has been 
induced to accept the office of mayor of the city, 
which position he has held several years, to the 
great satisfaction of the people. 

Bright, Rev. Thomas, was born in Walton, 
England, in 1808. He was baptized in Utica, N. Y., 
and soon after entered the ministry. He labored 
as pastor of the churches in Richland, Pulaski, 
and Adams, N. Y., and in Elkhorn, Walworth, 
Spring Prairie, Geneva, Fox Lake, Waupaca, and 
Madison, Wis. He came to Wisconsin in 1852. 
He was a widely-known and greatly-beloved min- 
ister of Christ, a clear and strong preacher of the 
gospel. He clung tenaciously to its doctrines, and 
delighted in a full exposition of the plan of salvation. 
And while he was a great expounder of divine truth, 
he was at the same time richly esperiinental in liis 
preaching. His doctrines were personal experi- 
ences coming from his heart to the hearts of his 
hearers. He was a safe and judicious counselor, a 
wise man. His presence in the church, the council, 
the Association, the convention, was always sought 
by his brethren. He had no enemies. 

He fell with the harness on. While preaching 
in his pulpit in Madison, Wis., on Sabbath evening, 
Sept. 10, 1876, he sank back on the sofa in death. 
In his decease the Baptists of Wisconsin lost one 
of the best of ministers, — a man whose well-bal- 
anced mind, large heart, and clear and experimental 
knowledge of God's Word raised him far above 
many. 

Brine, Rev. John, was born at Kettering, Eng- 
land, about 1703. When very young the Saviour 
found him and revealed his love in him, and ho 
united by baptism with the immersed church of 
Kettering, by which he was called to the ministry. 



BRINSON 



135 



BRISTOL 



After preaching for a short time in the country, 
he went to London in 1730 to enter upon the pas- 
torate of the church in St. Paul's Alley, Cripple- 
gate. He remained in this position thirty-five 
years, and left it for his heavenly reward Feb. 21, 
1765. 

Mr. Brine was a great man measured by his in- 
tellect, his usefulness, and his influence. He was 
a man of deep piety ; he was intimately acquainted 
with the Holy Scriptures. He had an enthusiastic 
love for the doctrines of grace, and next to Dr. 
Gill, whose early ministrations brought him to 
Jesus, he was for years the most influential leader 
in the Baptist denomination. His doctrinal senti- 
ments were in exact harmony with those of Dr. 
Gill. The doctor preached his funeral sermon, and 
in it said, " I might take notice of his natural and 
acquired abilities, his great understanding, clear 
light, and sound judgment in the doctrines of the 
gospel, and the great deep things of God, and of 
his zeal, skill, and courage in vindicating important 
truths published by him to the world, and by which 
he being dead yet speaketh." 

Mr. Brine was the author of 24 sermons, pub- 
lished separately at various times during his min- 
istry, and of 14 pamphlets and larger works. 

Brinson, E.ev. James, a pioneer in the region 
between Ouachita and Red River, was born in Ten- 
nessee. By his labors some of the earliest churches 
in this region were gathered. He died in 1831. 

Brisbane, Dr. Wm. H., was born near Charles- 
ton, S. C. His ancestors were of aristocratic Eng- 
lish and Irish families, and he was the heir of 
large wealth. His early education was intrusted 
to Bishop England, of the Roman Catholic Church, 
and subsequently to Rev. Wm. T. Brantly, then 
president of Beaufort College. At the age of fifteen 
he was sent North, to the military school at Middle- 
town, Conn., from which he was graduated with 
honor at the age of nineteen. Soon after this he 
was converted, and at once felt it to be his duty to 
preach the gospel. His fine culture and attain- 
ments, and his consecration to the work, placed him 
very early in the front ranks of the Baptist ministry 
of the South. He had among his personal friends 
such men as Fuller, Howell, Jeter, and Brantly ; 
and among well-known public men he enjoyed the 
friendship of Jackson, Calhoun, Clay, Webster, and 
Benton. He was thoroughly familiar with public 
afi'airs and current political matters, and his splen- 
did culture and large wealth gave him access to the 
best society of the country. He spent much time 
at the State and National capitals, where he became 
deeply interested in questions then agitating both 
State and nation, among them the question of 
American slavery. This subject had early in life 
taken a deep and absorbing hold upon his mind, 
he himself being a large slave-holder. After an 



honest and prayerful consideration of the question, 
extending through several years, he became con- 
vinced that the system was wrong ; and he resolved 
to give freedom to his slaves. He bought back the 
servants he had sold, and having purchased land 
in Ohio, he came with his former slaves and settled 
them in new homes, abundantly supplying the 
means for their immediate support. And Dr. Bris- 
bane himself became a resident of Cincinnati, 0. 
Here he labored with renewed consecration in the 
work of the ministry. He became a radical and 
uncompromising leader in the cause of human 
emancipation. 

For twenty-five years Wisconsin was honored in 
having this good man among her citizens. He was 
widely known as the friend and champion of every 
good cause. He preached the gospel in his declining 
years with great power at Madison, Mazomanie, 
Spring Green, and other places. He was greatly 
admired for his undoubted conscientiousness, his 
deep humility, his great services to the cause of 
truth and sound reform. He died at his home at 
Arena, Wis., on the 5th of April, 1878, aged 
seventy-five years. 

Bristol Baptist College, England, is the oldest 
of the theological seminaries of the denomination. 
Many of the eminent men who founded the early 
Baptist churches in England and Wales had been 
educated at the universities of Oxford and Cam- 
bridge, and when the doors of these great national 
institutions were closed against Nonconformists by 
law, after the restoration of Charles H., they felt 
themselves compelled to provide for the continuance 
of an educated ministry. In 1675 the Baptist 
ministers in London invited their brethren through- 
out the country to meet in the following May in 
the metropolis with a view to form '" a plan for 
providing an orderly standing ministry who might 
give themselves to reading and study, and so be- 
come able ministers of the New Testament." Four 
years after this meeting, in 1.679, an excellent 
deacon of the Broadmead church, Bristol, Mr. Ed- 
ward Terrill, executed a deed leaving a considerable 
part of his property to the pastor of the Broad- 
mead church for tlie time being, " provided he be a 
holjT man, well skilled in the Greek and Hebrew 
tongues, and devote three half-days a week to the 
instruction of any number of young students, not 
exceeding twelve, who maybe recommended by the 
churches." In 1689 what was called a General 
Assembly was convened in London, in which more 
than one hundred churches were represented, and 
it was resolved to raise a fund, one object of which 
should be to assist " members of churches who had 
promising gifts, were sound in fundamentals, and 
inclined to study, in attaining to the knowledge of 
Latin, Greek, and Hebrew." Progress, however, 
was slow for various reasons. Mr. TerrilTs fund 



BRISTOL 



BRITTAIN 



did not become available until the death of his 
widow, but there is evidence showing that Mr. 
Caleb Jope was chosen as one of the ministers of 
the Broadmead church, Bristol, for the purpose of 
teaching, and that he received support from Ter- 
rill's fund from 1714 to 1719. With the acceptance 
of the pastorate at Broadmead by Mr. Bernard 
Foskett, in 1720, the Bristol Academy became a 
recognized institution among the churches. The 
Particular Baptist Fund, which had been established. 
in 1717, included ministerial education among its 
objects, and from this quarter the work at Bristol 
received considerable aid. Sixty-five students were 
taught by Mr. Foskett, of whom the most note- 
worthy were Benjamin Beddome, John Ryland, Sr., 
Benjamin Francis, Hugh Evans, Morgan Edwards 
(afterwards of Philadelphia), Dr. Ash, and Dr. 
Llewellyn. Hugh Evans succeeded Mr. Foskett, 
and was succeeded by his son, Dr. Caleb Evans. 
Under their direction the interests of the college 
flourished, and in 1770 the Bristol Education So- 
ciety was formed "for the enlargement of the 
number of students in this seminary, and its more 
effectual and permanent support." Among the 
students admitted to the college during Dr. Evans's 
presidency were John Rippon, John Sutcliff, Robert 
Hall, Samuel Pearce, Joseph Hughes, the founder 
of the British and Foreign Bible Society, "William 
Steadman, Joseph Kinghorn, John Foster, and 
William Staughton. afterwards of Philadelphia. 
In 1785, Robert Hall became one of the tutors in 
the institution, and as assistant minister at Broad- 
mead gave brilliant promise of the oratorical fame 
which in subsequent years he attained. On Dr. 
Evans's death, Dr. John Ryland, of Northampton, 
accepted the presidency, and continued his official 
service thirty-two years, until his death, in 1825. 
The present edifice in Stokes Croft, Bristol, was 
built in 1811. Dr. Ryland was succeeded by the 
Rev. T. S. Crisp, who for several years had filled 
the classical professorship and served the Broad- 
mead church as assistant minister. Mr. Crisp held 
the office until his death, in 1868, when he was suc- 
ceeded by the present distinguished president, Dr. 
F. W. Gotch, who had been Mr. Crisp's colleague 
since 1846, and also a former student of the institu- 
tion. Under Dr. Gotch Bristol College maintains 
its ancient reputation, and enjoys the confidence of 
the churches. During its continuous history from 
1720 to the present time about 600 students have 
been registered on its roll, several of whom have 
become presidents and professors in Baptist colleges. 
Between forty and fifty missionaries of the Baptist 
Missionary Society received their education at Bris- 
tol, among whom were Dr. Mai-shman, Dr. Yates, 
John Mack, Thomas Burchell, and C. B. Lewis. 
Bristol College possesses a remarkably valuable 
library, and a choice collection of rare and antique 



articles of various kinds, the munificent bequest of 
Dr. Andrew Gifford. The library contains a manu- 
script copy of Wycliff's translation of the Epistles, 
the Acts, and the Apocalypse, and another of a Wyc- 
liffite version of Matthew and the Acts, which be- 
longed to the celebrated Lord Cobham, the Lollard 
leader; the copy of the great charter of Edward 
I. which Blackstone used in preparing his Com- 
mentaries ; a copy of the first edition of " Paradise 
Lost," supposed to have been Milton's own copy; 
a Concordance published in 1673, with the auto- 
graph of John Bunyan. In English Bibles and 
Testaments the library is very rich, the most val- 
uable book in the collection being a copy of the first 
edition of Tyndale's New Testament, of which no 
other complete copy is known to exist. It is literally 
the FIRST English Testament, and as such it is justly 
styled the most interesting book in the language. 
There are no less than thirty-five different editions 
of English Bibles and Testaments published during 
the reigns of Henry VIII. and Edward VI., in- 
cluding the rare and valuable first and second edi- 
tions of Coverdale's folio Bible. Of early printed 
books, there are three from Caxton's press in 
1481-82, the first books printed in England ; the 
second, third, and fifth editions of Erasmus's Greek 
Testament; the "Nuremberg Chronicle," 1493; 
and a book called " Roberti Sermones," printed in 
1475. The walls of the library and museum are 
adorned with a large collection of portraits, both 
paintings and prints, of notable persons, for the 
most part identified with the denomination. An 
exquisitely finished miniature of Cromwell, one of 
the few authentic likenesses of the great hero, is 
the chief treasure in the museum, which is crowded 
with objects of varied interest from all lands. A 
bust of the Rev. Dr. Gifford, with an appropriate 
Latin inscription, is placed over the entrance to the 
museum. 

Brittain, Rev. Jabez Mercer, of Georgia, 
youngest child of Henry and Louisa Brittain, was 
born May 4, 1842, near Lexington, Oglethorpe 
County. His grandparents came into Georgia 
from Virginia in 1797, and settled in Oglethorpe 
County. His father was a soldier under Gen. 
Floyd in the Indian war of 1814, and was clerk of 
the Court of Ordinary for Oglethorpe County fpr 
many years. His mother was a meek and pious 
woman, who devoted herself assiduously to the 
training of her children. Mr. Brittain was pre- 
pared for college by Prof. T. B. Moss, a distin- 
guished educator in Lexington, Ga., and entered 
Franklin College, now the University of Georgia, 
in January, 1859, graduating in 1861. He enlisted 
in the Confederate army in September, 1861, and 
became attached to Lawton's brigade in Stonewall 
Jackson's division. After taking part in several 
engagements, he was appointed chaplain to the 38th 



BROADBUS 



137 



BROAD BUS 



Georgia Regiment in the summer of ]863. He took 
an active part in the great revival which occurred in 
the Army of Northern Virginia, and baptized many- 
converts. In August, 1864, he resigned his com- 
mission on account of a severe family affliction, and 
was exempted from further military duty. He re- 
turned home and engaged in farming for three 
years, after which he taught in the institutions of 
learning at Dalton, Acworth, and Conyers, and he 
is now principal of the Connigton Male Institute. 
He has also continuously engaged in pastoral work 
for Baptist churches in Whitfield, Gordon, Bartow, 
Rockdale, and Newton Counties, and he has filled 
acceptably the position of moderator of the Stone 
Mountain Association. 

Mr. Brittain was converted in 1857, and the 
same year was baptized by Dr. P. H. Mell and 
joined the Antioch church, Oglethorpe County. 
He was ordained in the fall of 1863. 

The frequent descent of genuine revivals in the 
churches of his charge proves his faithfulness and 
excellence as a minister: while the constant una- 
nimity with which he has been called by his 
churches, and the various and numei-ous tokens of 
affection he has received from their members, show 
the appreciation in which his services are held. 
Though he is a well-educated man and a thorough 
Christian gentleman, his greatest ambition is to 
excel in winning and training souls for the service 
of Christ. 

Broaddus Female College.— This institution 

was established in Winchester, Va., September, 
1871, as Winchester Female Institute, Rev. S. F. 
Chapman, Principal. After a brief service Mr. 
Chapman was succeeded by Rev. E. J. Willis. 
The school became prosperous, and thS list of stu- 
dents increased until in the third year the number 
reached 72. 

The fourth session was opened under the name 
of Broaddus Female College, in honor of Rev. 
Wm. F. Broaddus, D.D. Two other denomina- 
tional schools were opened in the town, and the 
money crisis occurring at the same time, the in- 
terests of the school were so affected that, in 1876, 
it was moved to Clarksburg, W. Va., and is in a 
flourishing condition. The Baptists of the State 
have adopted ttie school and pledged to it their 
support. Rev. E. J. Willis continues as principal, 
and is assisted by seven well-qualified teachers. 
The course of instruction is extensive, furnishing 
opportunities equal to those of any school for young 
ladies in the middle Southern States. Nearly all 
its sessions have been characterized by special re- 
ligious interest among the students, many of whom 
have professed faith in Christ. 

Broaddus, Wm. F., D.D., was born in Culpeper 
Co., Va., April 30, 1801. His mind developed 
rapidly, and he soon secured and held a prominent 
10 



position among his associates. He married at the 
early age of eighteen, and was converted at the age 
of twenty. In April, 1824, he was ordained to the 
work of the gospel ministry. He settled in Mid- 
dleburg, Loudoun Co., Va., where he conducted 
with great success a large school for young ladies, 
serving at the same time as pastor. Mount Salem, 
" F. T." Bethel, Upperville, Long Branch, and 
Middlebury churches. In this field he labored 
most successfully for sixteen years, serving the 
churches in some cases without compensation, and 
in othei's for merely a nominal salary. Antino- 
mianism at that period hold sway over this entire 
region, and its advocates exerted themselves to the 
utmost to render futile his plain gospel teachings 
and faithful labors. But the truth gradually won 
its way, until a complete revolution was made in 
the views, feelings, and actions of individuals and 
churches, so that no more exemplary and fruitful 
churches can be found than those in the region 
where Dr. Broaddus began his ministerial career. 
The denomination at large knows but little of what 
they really owe to him for having been the means 
of driving out a "dead orthodoxy," and planting 
in its stead a vital, active Christian life. In 1840 
he removed to Lexington, Ky., where he engaged 
in teaching and preaching, serving, besides other 
churches, those at Versailles and Shelbyville, 
About the year 1851 he returned to Virginia anc 
accepted an agency for the Columbian College, 
Washington, D. C, to raise an endowment fund for 
that institution. In this he was quite successful. 
In 1835 he accepted an invitation to become pastor 
of the church in Fredericksburg, Va., where he 
was soon instrumental in building a handsome 
church edifice, and in gathering a large and efficient 
congregation. Still retaining his strong predilection 
for teaching, he opened here a school of a high 
grade for young ladies, which was conducted suc- 
cessfully for several years. In 1859 he undertook 
an agency for raising money in Virginia towards 
the endowment of the Southern Baptist Theological 
Seminary. Returning to Fredericksburg on the 
successful accomplishment of this agency, he re- 
sumed his pastoral labors, and continued them until 
1863, when the city Avas occupied by U. S. troops 
and the inhabitants scattered over the State. Dr. 
Broaddus was held for a while by the U. S. authori- 
ties as prisoner in the " Old Capitol" at Washing- 
ton, and by his gentlemanly bearing, genial humor, 
fund of anecdote, and straightforward, manly con- 
duct he won the kindest regards of all who came 
in contact with him. Many a lonely hour did he 
lighten up in the old prison-house as he narrated, 
in his peculiarly interesting way, to friends grouped 
around him, various adventures that he had met 
with in the diversified course of his eventful life. 
Dr. Broaddus, soon after his release, removed to 



BROAD US 



BR0ADU8 



Charlotteville, Va., and became pastor of the 
church in that place, which position he held until 
1868, when he resigned and returned to Fredericks- 
buri>; to prosecute an agency under the appoint- 
ment of the General Association for the education 
of the children of deceased and disabled Confed- 
erate soldiers. This labor he carried on with great 
success until 1872, when the further prosecution of 
the work became unnecessary. Dr. Broaddus was 
enabled by his persevering efforts to keep at school 
for several years some thousands of poor children 
Avith the money raised for that purpose. For a 
brief period subsequent to this he devoted himself 
to the work of a voluntary and independent evan- 
gelist, preaching wherever invited, until blindness 
and increasing bodily infirmities prevented the fur- 
ther prosecution of these congenial labors. He 
died in Fredericksburg, Sept. 8, 1876, in the seventy- 
sixth year of his age. The degree of D.3. was 
conferred upon Mr. Broaddus by the <iolnmbian 
College in 1854. As a man. Dr. Broaddus was 
genial, gentle, and courteous. His constant and 
varied intercourse with all classes of men gave him 
a shrewd insight into the more recondite workings 
of human nature. His companionship was as at- 
tractive to the young as it was to. the middle-aged 
and the old. His home was open to all, and troops 
of friends have rested beneath his hospitable roof. 
As a peace-maker he was pre-eminent, and the 
blessings of many a household rested upon him for 
his judicious and kindly counsel. To every good 
work he gave his voice and his money, and fre- 
quently his personal labor, so that many now rise 
up to call him blessed. As a preacher, he was 
earnest, persuasive, practical. Obliged for years to 
combat the erroneous views of those who abused 
the doctrine of God's sovereignty, and necessarily 
polemic in many of his earlier discourses, he never- 
theless held tenaciously to the fundamental doc- 
trines of grace, while he urged men everywhere 
to prove their new spiritual life by new spiritual 
works. A very large number, many hundreds per- 
haps, were converted through his instrumentality ; 
and as a consequence no name in the long list of 
faithful Virginia ministers is more earnestly loved 
and tenderly revered than that of William F. 
Broaddus. 

Broadus, Rev, Andrew, was bom in Carolina 
Co., Va., Nov. 4, 1770. His love of letters and 
his studiousness wore such that he became one of 
the most thorough Biblical scholars of his times. 
About the age of eighteen he experienced a change 
of heart, and, although strenuously opposed by his 
father, who was a rigid adherent of the Episcopal 
Chui-ch, he was baptized May 28, 1789, and be- 
came a member of the Baptist church of Upper 
King and Queen, then under the care of the Rev. 
Theodoric Noel. The duty of preparing himself 



to preach the gospel at once pressed itself upon 
his attention, and having been convinced that it 
was his duty to do so, he preached his first sermon 
at the house of Mrs. Lowrie, where, upon this, the 
first occasion, Rev. R. B. Semple also preached. 
From the very beginning Mr. Broadus was popular 
as a preacher. He was ordained Oct. 16, 1791, in 
the church in which he Avas baptized. Among the 
first churches he served were Burrus's and Bethel, 
in the county of Carolina, and also the church in 
Fredericksburg. While supplying these churches 
he also taught a school, and applied himself closely 
to study. Subsequently he became pastor of Upper 
Zion, Beulah, Mangohio, Salem, and Upper King 
and Queen, with the last two of which he con- 
tinued to labor until the close of his life. Although 
Mr. Broadus was known but to few personally be- 
yond the limits of his own State, yet, when in the 
prime of life, he received invitations to become the 
pastor of numerous churches in distant cities : from 
the Fii'st church in Boston, in 1811 ; from the First 
church in Philadelphia, in 1811; from the First 
church in Baltimore, in 1819 ; from the New 
Market Street church, Philadelphia, in 1819 ; from 
the Sansom Street church, Philadelphia, in 1824 ; 
and from the First church. New Yoi'k, in 1832. 
An ineradicable constitutional timidity, which 
sometimes made him almost powerless in speech 
when in the presence of strangers, and a deeply- 
rooted attachment to old friends and old scenes, 
prevented his acceptance of all such tempting 
ofi'ers. He made the trial once in removing to 
Richmond to take charge of the First Baptist 
church in that city, but his stay there was short, 
and he soon returned to labor again with his coun- 
try congregations. As a pi-eacher, Mr. Broadus 
was the foremost man of his generation. "In 
clearness of conception, beauty of imagery, apt- 
ness of illustration, and tenderness of soul he was 
pre-eminent. With a well-proportioned form, grace- 
ful manner, natural gesticulation, benignant coun- 
tenance, and musical voice, he held, as by a pleasing 
spell, his enraptured hearers. All hung upon his 
lips, unwilling to lose a word, while with softly 
insinuating power he found access to the innermost 
depths of the soul, causing all Its fountains of 
emotions to gush forth." His chief excellence 
consisted in the exposition of the Scriptures, and 
especially those passages suited to edify and com- 
fort the people of God. Contrary to what many 
suppose to have been the case, his most effective 
sermons were not preached on great occasions. 
His love of quiet, and inveterate dislike of large 
and promiscuous assemblies, generally kept him 
away from Associations and conventions ; and when 
present and persuaded to preach, there was no cer- 
tainty that he would be able to fulfill his appoint- 
ment. It is recorded of him that having been 



BROABUS 



139 



BROADUS 



appointed to preach at a meetinji of the Dover 
Association in Matthews Co., Va., he went through 
the pi-eliminary services in his usual felicitous 
manner, and when the large audience had settled 
themselves to enjoy a spiritual feast, he came to 
a sudden pause and said, " The circumstances of 
the case—/ mean my case — make it necessary to 
excuse myself from proceeding with the discus- 
sion." His biographer adds, ''The thought had 
probably seized him that the expectations of the 
people could not be met ; or he had recognized in 
the congregation some one whose criticism he 
dreaded ; or the wind and roar of the ocean had 
disturbed his nervous system ; whatever it was, a 
serious surprise and regret were felt by all." This 
painful dread of a crowd was, however, in a 
measure overcome towards the latter part of his 
life. Mr. Broadus's literary labors were also of 
a high order. He wrote a small volume, of some 
70 pages, entitled " The Age of Reason and Reve- 
lation," which was a reply to Paine's celebrated 
attack on Christianity. This little work was pub- 
lished in 1795, while he was still quite young, and 
gives evidence of a well-stored mind and vigorous 
logical powers. In 1816 he published " A Bible 
History, with Occasional Notes, to Explain and 
Illustrate Difficult Passnges." These "notes" are, 
indeed, valuable for the clear and satisfixctory views 
liey open up of many of the dark passages of the 
• ord of God. The Dover Association requested 
lull), at one of their sessions, to prepare a com- 
mentary upon the Scriptures, which, however, he 
did not undertake. He prepared an admirable 
little " Catechism for Children," which was issued 
by the American Baptist Publication Society. He 
also prepared a manual of church polity and disci- 
pline. He did much for the hymnology of the 
churches. As early as 1790 he prepared and pub- 
lished a collection of " Sacred Ballads," most of 
which were in popular use at that time. About 
1828 he prepared the " Dover Selection," and after- 
wards the " Virginia Selection," several of whose 
hymns were of his own composition, and all of which 
were very extensively used by the churches. Only 
a few of Mr. Broadus's sermons have been pub- 
lished, for, although he prepared his sermons with 
the greatest care, making more or less extended 
notes, he rarely wrote out his discourses. Mr. 
Broadus was also a frequent contributor to the 
Religions Herald, for which he wrote a valuable 
series of essays on Campbellism and its errors. 
The Columbian College conferred the degree of 
D.D. upon Mr. Broadus, but he respectfully de- 
clined to accept the honor. 

" The Baptists of Virginia will long cherish the 
fond memory of the excellence of his character, 
the superior mental and oratorical powers with 
which he was endowed, and the genial, useful in- 



fluence he exercised on the churches and the 
world." 

Broadus, John Albert, D.D., LL.D., Professor 
of Homiletics and Interpretation of the New Tes- 




JOHN ALBERT BROADUS, D.D., LL.D. 

tament in the Southern Baptist Theological Sem- 
inary, was born in Culpeper Co., Va., Jan. 24, 
1827. His family is of Welsh extraction, and the 
name was formerly spelt Broadhurst. His father 
was a prominent member of the Virginia Legis- 
lature a number of years. Dr. Broadus was edu- 
cated at the University of Virginia, where he took 
the degree of A.M. in 1850. In 1851 he was 
elected Assistant Professor of Latin and Greek in 
that institution, and filled the place two years. He 
was pastor of the Baptist church at Charlottesville 
during thfe same period and till 1855, when he was 
elected chaplain of the university, and served two 
years. He then returned to his former pastorate. 
In 1859 he was elected to his present professorship. 
In 1863 he preached as missionary in Gen. R. E. 
Lee's army. From this period till 1865 he was 
corresponding secretary of the Sunday-School board 
of the Southern Baptist Convention. During this 
period he published various small works, which 
were circulated in such of the Southern States as 
were accessible at that time. In 1870 he published 
a book on the " Preparation and Delivery of Ser- 
mons," which was republished in England, and 
has been adopted as a text-book in various theolog- 
ical seminaries of different denominations in Europe 
and America. Besides various review articles, 
sermons, and numberless newspaper articles, he 
published in 1867-69, in the Religious Herald, of 



BROCK 



140 



BROCKETT 



Richmond, Va., a series of papers criticising the 
American Bible Union's version of the New Testa- 
ment, and in 1872-73 another series entitled "Re- 
flections of Travel," in vv'hich he gave an account 
of a tour he made through Europe, Egypt, and 
Palestine in 1870-71. In 1876 he published a 
series of lectures on the history of preaching. Dr. 
Broadus ranks with the ablest preachers of his 
generation. 

Brock, William, D.D., was born Feb. 14, 1807, 
at Honiton, in Devonshire, England. On his 
father's side he was descended from certain Dutch 
refugees of the same name who had settled in the 
neighborhood some time in the sixteenth century. 
William Brock was only four years old when his 
father died. As the only free scholar in the en- 
dowed grammar school of the town he had a rough 
schQoling, and but for the native vigor of body and 
mind the hardships of this early period of his life 
would have crushed him. He was apprenticed at 
the age of thirteen to a watchmaker at Sidmouth, 
and served an apprenticeship of seven years. He 
obtained a situation in Hertford, and during a two 
years' residence there he professed Christ in bap- 
tism, and began to exhort sinners to repent and 
believe the gospel. He was admitted a member of 
the Baptist church at Highgate, London, of which 
his kinsman, the Rev. Mr. Lewis, was pastor, on 
Jan. 10, 1830, and in the following month, having 
given satisfactory proofs of a divine call to become 
a preacher of the Word, he was recommended to 
the committee of Stepney College as a student for 
the ministry. His energy and diligence in study 
were con.spicuous, but his oratorical powers were 
so evident and exceptional that his services were 
too frequently in request to permit of his giving 
undivided attention to his studies. Before the sec- 
ond year of his college course was ended he had 
received more than one invitation to the pastorate, 
and in the course of the third year the pressure 
from two different churches became so strong that 
the college authorities finally agreed to release him 
from the remainder of the four years' course of 
study. He had by this time been led to accept the 
invitation of the church meeting in St. Mary's 
chapel, in the old city of Norwich. Dr. Brock 
began his ministry in Norwich, May 10, 1833. The 
congregation were soon increased by the attraction 
of the pulpit. The young pastor of twenty-five 
years of age threw his whole soul into his work and 
gave full proof of his ministry. Enlargements of 
the edifice took place again and again. But in 
1848 his friend, Sir Morton Peto, proposed that 
Mr. Brock should become the minister of the new 
church to be gathered in the edifice he was then 
building in London, to be called Blooinsbury chapel. 
After long and anxious deliberation the Norwich 
church received their pastor's resignation, and in 



December he commenced his London ministry. It 
was a great venture, but it was a great success 
from the first. The munificent liberality of the 
builder of the edifice and the courageous ability of 
the minister were well matched. A crowded con- 
gregation was immediately gathered ; conversions 
and accessions from various quarters continually 
augmented the membership ; and the whole neigh- 
borhood felt the influence of the new church, which 
poured forth help for all manner of benevolent and 
educational work. Bloomsbury chapel became the 
centre of a Christian evangelization and philan- 
thropy the like of which could not then be easily 
found in London. But notwithstanding the cost 
of these home enterprises, foreign missions and 
all good works received effective support. During 
the twenty-five years of Dr. Brock's ministry at 
Bloomsbury, as previously in Norwich, he took a 
prominent part in the religious movements of the 
time, and contributed to establish some of the 
modes of evangelism now common, such as special 
services in theatres and public halls. In denomi- 
national work he was a trusted counselor and 
leader. When the London Baptist Association was 
reorganized, in 1866, he was unanimously chosen 
president; and in 1869 he was cordially invited to 
the chair of the Baptist Union of England and 
Wales. His services to the Missionary Society were 
exceedingly valuable, and he ever held himself 
ready to obey its call. He was one of the founders 
of the Society for augmenting Pastors' Incomes, 
promoting it himself with zealous liberality, and 
in the recent movement towards a compacter or- 
ganization of the denomination his influence was 
very effective. His literary labors were consider- 
able for a man so full of public work. His biog- 
raphy of Gen. Sir Henry Ilavelock had a very ex- 
tensive sale, and some of his occasional sermons 
and lectures on denominational and general topics 
have a permanent interest and value. He received 
the degree of D.D. from Harvard University, and 
although he was reluctant to assume it, his friends 
and the public carried the point against him. 
Finding his strength failing, he resigned his charge 
in 1872, and thenceforward gave himself to the 
service of the churches. With commendable liber- 
ality the church at Bloomsbury made provision for 
his remaining days, but they were destined to be 
few. His death occurred somewhat suddenly on 
Nov. 13, 1875. 
Brockett, Linus Pierpont, A.M., M.D., a son 

of Rev. Pierpont Brockett, for fifty years a Baptist 
minister in Now England, was born in Canton, 
Conn., Oct. 16, 1820; fitted for college at Hill's 
Academy, Essex, Conn., and Connecticut Literary 
Institution, Suffield, Conn. ; entered Brown Uni- 
versity in 1837, but owing to ill health did not 
graduate ; attended medical lectures at New Haven, 



BROXSON 



B RONS ON 



Conn., Washington, D. C, and New York City; 
graduated M.D. in 1843 ; practiced medicine in 
New England and in Georgetown, Ky. Since 
1846 he has devoted most of his time to literary 
pursuits. He received the honorary degree of 
A.M. from Amherst College in 1857. He has 
published "Geographical History of New York," 
1847; "Memoir of James Edward Meystre," 18.55; 
"The Pioneer Preacher," 1857; several reports 
and essays on idiot education, 1855-57 ; " History 
of Education," 1859; "History of the Civil War," 
1865; "Life of Abraham Lincoln," 1865; "Our 
Great Captains," 1865; "Philanthropic Results of 
tiie War," 1865 ; " Camp, Battle-Field, and Hospi- 
tal," 1866; "Woman's Work in the Civil War," 
1867; "Men of Our Day," 1868, and a new and 
enlarged edition in 1872; "Woman, her Rights, 
AVrongs, Privileges, and Responsibilities," 1869 ; 
" The Year of Battles, a History of the Franco- 
German AVar," 1871, and German edition, 1872; 
" Tlie Silk Industry in America," 1876 ; " The 
Cross and the Crescent," 1877, etc. He has also 
edited numerous religious works, and was, from 
1856 to 1862, on the editorial staff of the New 
American Cyclopsedia, and from 1861 to 1875, 
one of the editors of the Annual Cj^clopsedia, 
and from 1872 to 1877, one of the editors of John- 
son's Universal Cyclopaedia. He has also been a 
frequent contributor to religious quarterlies, maga- 
zines, and weekly periodicals. He is the author 
of " The Bogomils," the early Baptists of the 
East, who form, as he believes, the missing link 
between the Baptists of the fifth and those of the 
fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and has other 
religious works in the course of preparation. His 
residence is in Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Bronson, Eev. Asa Clarke, son of Rev. Asa 
and Marinda (Jennings) Bronson, was born in 
Stratfield, Conn., Aug. 7, 1822; united with First 
Baptist church in Fall River, Mass., in 1835; li- 
censed to preach in 1848 by Wakefield church, 
R. I. ; ordained, December, 1849, in South Han- 
son, ^lass.. his fatlier and brothers, S. J. and B. F. 
Bronson, assisting ; prospered in his settlement ; in 
May, 1851, settled with North Reading church, and 
had an extensive revival ; in December, 1854, be- 
came pastor at Leominster ; in June, 1857, took 
charge of 'J'hird Baptist church in Groton, Conn., 
and remained twelve years, greatly prospered in 
revivals, and in uniting Second and Third churches, 
even joining together the meeting-houses ; became 
jiastor of Wallingford church in January, 1870, 
erected a superb edifice, and baptized 80 persons ; in 
July, 1876, settled in Paterson, N..J.. and remained 
three and a half j-ears ; in November, 1879, took 
the oversight of churches in Lebanon, Conn. Calm, 
wise, energetic, prudent, persevering ; sound in the 
faith like his honored father. 



Bronson, Benjamin Franklin, D.D., son of 
Rev. Asa and Marinda (Jennings) Bronson, was 
born in North Salem, N. Y., April 21, 1821 ; con- 
verted and baptized in Fall River, Mass., in 1836 ; 
graduated from Madison University in 1844, and 
Theological Department in 1846 ; ordained in Ash- 
land, Mass., 1846; pastor in Methuen, 1850; in 
Woburn, 1858 ; in Boston Highlands (Ruggles 
Street church), 1862; in Southbridge, 1867; in 
Putnam, Conn., 1872, where he is still laboring 
(1880) ; has been much engaged in directing com- 
mon and high schools ; was one of the editors of 
" First Half Century of Madison University" ; for 
several years secretai-y of " Freedman's Aid Com- 
mission'" ; for two years secretary of Massachusetts 
Baptist Convention ; received degree of D.D. from 
Madison University in 1869. 

Bronson, Miles, D.D., was born in Norway, 
N. Y., July 20, 1812 ; having passed through the 
course of study at the Hamilton Literary and Theo- 
logical Institution, he was ordained at Whitesbor- 
ough, N. Y., and received his appointment as a 
missionary April 29, 1836. He sailed for the field 
of his labor the October following, and reached 
Sadiya, Assam, July 17, 1837, where he remained 
until his removal to Jaipur, May 13, 1838. His 
interest having become awakened in the Nagas, a 
tribe of people occupying the high ranges of moun- 
tains southeast of Jaipur, he visited some of them 
in January, 1839, and in 1840 repeated his visit. 
In March of this year a station was established 
among the Naga Hills, which was placed under his 
charge for a short time, when it was deemed de- 
sirable that he should remove to Nowgong. Dr. 
Bronson occupied this position for several years, 
one of the most important works accomplished 
being the founding and supervision of the Now- 
gong Orphan Institution, of which a fuller ac- 
count may be found in the article on Assam. In 
1849, Mr. Bronson returned to the United States, 
and remained here for more than a year, reaching 
his field of labor early in 1851. He continued to 
look after the interests of the Orphan Institution, 
and, in his missionary tour, to care for the spiritual 
interests of the natives. His labors were owned 
and blest of God. In the fall of 1857 he once more 
visited his native land, and earnestly appealed to 
his brethren to cultivate more thoroughly the mis- 
sionary spirit, and give the men and the means to 
carry on the work abroad. Returning again to 
Assam in 1860, Dr. Bronson resumed his work at 
Nowgong, and carried it on for some nine years, 
when he made another short visit to this countrj'. 
In July, 1874, he removed to Gowahati to take the 
chai-ge of that important station. Although suffer- 
ing from poor health for the past few years, he 
has been able to accomplish much in his station. 
Forty-one years of his life bave been devoted to the 



B RONS ON 



142 



BROOKS 



cause of his Master and LorJ as a missionary of 
the cross. 

Bronson, Rev. Samuel Jennings, son of Rev. 

Asa Bronson, was born in Danbury, Conn., in 1819 ; 
converted at the age of ten ; baptized in Fall River, 
Mass., at eighteen; graduated from Madison Uni- 
versity in 1844, and Theological Department in 
1846; ordained in Millbury, Mass., Dec. 16, 1846; 
in 1854 settled at Hyannis, Mass., and remained 
thirteen years; in 1867 settled in Winchester, 
Mass. ; in 1870 returned to Millbury ; through 
failure of health, resigned and traveled ; in 1874 
settled in West Woodstock, Conn. ; died in West 
Woodstock, Conn., Jan. 10, 1879, and was buried 
at Fall River, Mass. A thoughtful, edifying, 
preacher; says his classmate. Dr. Graves, "one 
of the best, purest, and most genial men." 

Brooks, Rev. Durin Pinkney, a pioneer Bap- 
tist and preacher of Oregon, was born Oct. 8, 1832, 
in St. Joseph Co., Mich. ; moved to Iowa in 1838 ; 
thence to Oregon in 1850. Baptized in 1853 ; he 
was for years an active layman : and in 1868 he 
entered the ministry, serving the Hepner, Meadows, 
and Pleasant Valley churches ; he assisted in or- 
ganizing all these bodies. He is a self-denying, 
devout, and earnest preacher, and frequently travels 
40 or 50 miles to preach to the scattered members 
of these feeble churches in Oregon. 

Brooks, Rev. Ivison L., was born in North 
Carolina, Nov. 2, 1793. He graduated with dis- 
tinction at the University of North Carolina. Here 
he was contemporary with Thos. H. Benton and 
Jas. K. Polk. With the latter he kept up a cor- 
respondence during life. He was a lieutenant in 
the war of 1812. He was baptized after retiring 
from the army, and at once began to preach. His 
first pastorate was in Georgetown, S. C. 

He finally settled in Edgefield Co., S. C. He 
devoted himself to preaching to several country 
chui'ches and to the instruction of his servants. 
Rev. J. C. Butler, one of our most useful and 
respected colored ministers, gratefully remembers 
the instructions of his former master. 

He ceased from his labors on the 14th of March, 
1865, at the age of seventy-two. 

Brooks, Kendall, D.D., son of Deacon Kendall 
Brooks, was born in Roxbury (now Boston), Mass., 
Sept. 3, 1821. He became a member, by baptism, 
of the Dudley Street church, Aug. 28, 1836. 
Having fitted for college at the public Latin school 
of Roxbury, he entei'ed Brown University in 1837, 
and graduated in 1841. For the iiext two years 
he was tutor in the Columbian College, D. C, and 
during most of that time preached to the E Street 
church, Washington. He finished the prescribed 
course of study in the Newton Theological Insti- 
tution in 1845, and having previously accepted a 
call to the pastorate of the Baptist church in East- 



port, Me., was ordained in Roxbury, Aug. 31, 1845. 
He remained in the pastoral work in Eastport seven 
years, and after a few months of service as asso- 
ciate secretary of the American Baptist Publication 




Society, he became Professor of Mathematics and 
Natural Philosophy in AFaterville College. During 
his three years of service in Waterville he was 
stated supply for the church in Bloomfield. la 
October, 1855, he became pastor in Fitchburg, 
Mass., where he remained till May, 1865. In both 
Eastport and Fitchburg he was officially connected 
with the public schools, holding the office of mem- 
ber of the Board of Education of the State of 
Maine for two terms. From May, 1865, till Octo- 
ber, 1868, he was editor of the National Baptist. 
Oct. 1, 1868, he became president of Kalamazoo 
College, and still holds that office. 

In 1866 Brown University made him a Doctor 
of Divinity. From 1877 to 1879 he was president 
of the Baptist State Convention of Michigan, 
having previously served the Convention as treas- 
urer seven years. In 1852, President M. B. An- 
derson, then editor of the New York Recorder, said 
of him, " No man among us is better acquainted 
with Baptist history and statistics in the United 
States." 

Brooks, Samuel, D.D., son of Deacon Kendall 
Brooks, was born in Roxbury (now Boston), Aug. 
30, 1831. Having fitted for college at the Roxbury 
Latin school, he graduated at Brown University in 
the class of 1852. He had received baptism at the 
hands of Rev. Dr. T. D. Anderson during his 
Sophomore year. The first year after graduating 



BROOKS 



BROTHERTON 



he spent as assistant in the college library, and 
subsequently one year as instructor in Greek. He 
finished the course of theological study at Newton 
ill 1857, and immediately became pastor of the 
Second church in Beverly, Mass., being ordained 
Oct. 22, 1857. In September, 1860, he was ap- 
pointed for .one year instructor in Hebrew in the 
Newton Theological Institution. After the expi- 
ration of the year he was acting pastor of the 
church in South Framingham, Mass., for three 
years. But his health, which had been seriously 
impaired while he was a student, compelled him 
to take a protracted rest from pastoral work. It 
was not till the autumn of 1866 that he was well 
enough to resume his duties, and then he took 
charge of the church in West Medway, Mass. 
Three years later he was chosen Professor of Latin 
in Kalamazoo College, and he began the work of 
that office on the 1st of January, 1870. This 
chair he still fills to the entire satisfaction of every 
one connected with the college. In his method of 
work he is quiet and persistent. His influence is 
greatest in his own field of labor and in the church 
to which he belongs. 

Brooks, Walter E.., D.D., was born Aug. 3, 
1821 ; entered the class of 1843, Madison Univer- 
sity ; ordained at Ashville, Chatauqua Co., N. Y., 
July 5, 1842 ; pastor in Media, Perry, and Hamil- 
ton ; in this last place for fifteen years. Here his 
ministry was greatly blessed. Large accessions 
were made to the church. His congregations were 
composed not only of residents of the village, 
but also of the professors and students of the uni- 
versity and other educational institutions in the 
place ; to all of whom he endeared himself by his 
faithful and sympathetic presentation of gospel 
truths. 

In 1859 was made secretary of the Education 
Board of New York ; in 1863 received the degree of 
D.D. from Madison University ; in 1868 visited 
Europe, Egypt, and Palestine with his family ; in 
1875 appointed Lecturer in Natural History in 
Madison, which position he still retains. 

Brooks, "W. T,, D.D., was born in Chatham 
Co., N. C, Dec. 6, 1809 ; professed faith in Christ 
in 1832 ; was ordained at the session of the Con- 
vention held with Rives chapel church in 1836, Dr. 
Wait and Rev. Thomas Crocker constituting the 
Presbytery ; graduated at Wake Forest College in 
1839, and for many years was tutor and professor 
in that institution. Dr. Brooks was pastor of 
Mount Vernon Baptist church for thirty-two years ; 
of the Henderson church for twenty years ; and 
has served churches at Forestville, Selma, Bross- 
fields, and other points. For many years Dr. Brooks 
was chairman of the board of trustees of Wake 
Forest College, and presided over the State Con- 
vention during several sessions. He was honored 



with the title of D.D. by Wake Forest College in 
1874. 

Broome, Gov. J. E., was elected governor of 
the State of Florida, and served one term. Prior 
to his being elected governor he resided at Fernan- 
dina, and was an active member of the Baptist 
church there, and one of its most liberal support- 
ers. He was also one of its deacons. 

Gov. Broome is a native of South Carolina, and 
for a few years past has lived in the State of New 
York. He is now about seventy-two years old, and 
vigorous for one of his j'ears. The first effort to 
organize a Baptist church and build a house of 
worship at Tallahassee, the capital, was during the 
administration of Mr. Broome as governor. 

He is prepossessing in appearance and dignified 
in bearing. Though a man of decided convictions 
and fixed principles, for which he would make any 
sacrifice, like all true Baptists, he has a liberal 
spirit towards men of every persuasion, and he 
gives generously to benevolent objects. 

Brotherton, Hon. Marshall, was born in Erie, 
Pa., Feb. 11, 1811, and was brought to Missouri 




when quite young. He held the highest offices in 
the city of St. Louis, and in the county. In 1845 
he made a pi-ofession of religion ; afterwards he 
united with the Second Baptist church of St. Louis. 
Mr. Brotherton was a man of benevolence, integ- 
rity, and modesty, " his heart was an asylum for 
the sorrowing, his purse a treasui-y for the needy," 
and the man and all he possessed, a sacrifice for 
Christ. His reputation never bore a stain, he en- 
joyed unusual popularity, and he deserved the love 



BROUNER 



BR wjsr 



of his fellpw-eitizens, and especially of the friends 
of Christ. He died in 1871. 

Brouner, Eev. Jacob H., was born in the city 
of New York, Jan. 1, 1791. In the fifteenth year 
of his age he was baptized into the fellowship of 
tlie First Baptist church by the pastor, Rev. Wil- 
liam Parkinson. It was evident to the members 
of the church that the lad possessed promising 
gifts for the work of the ministry. He received 
from the church, while yet quite young, an in- 
formal license to preach. He labored with his 
friend, Rev. C. G. Sommers, for some time as a 
missionary among the destitute. He was ordained 
in the Tabernacle church by Rev. Archibald 
Maclay, D.D., and others, in 1812. His first pas- 
torate was at Sing Sing, N. Y., which lasted four- 
teen years. In 1828 he accepted the pastorate of 
the North Baptist church. New York, which ter- 
minated only with his death, after twenty years of 
successful labor. During the time a commodious 
house of worship was buiit, and 330 converts were 
baptized. His son for the last twelve years has 
filled the same post with marked success. 

Brouner, Rev. John J., is a son of the well- 
known Jacob H. Brouner, so long the pastor of the 
North Baptist church of New York. He was born 
in New York, Sept. 2, 1839. He was baptized by 
Rev. John Quincy Adams, educated at Madison 
University, and in 1864 was ordained in the old 
North church, and settled as pastor of Mariner's 
Harbor church, on Staten Island. During his stay 
of four years the church was greatly enlarged and 
strengthened. In 1869 he was called to his father's 
old field, — the North church, — and he has suc- 
ceeded so well that the church has resolved to 
build a more commodious house of worship in a 
very desirable location on West Eleventh street. 

Brown, Rev. E. T., was born March 22, 1818, 
in Lancaster, Pa. His father died when he was 
young. He was apprenticed at an early age in 
Greensburg, Pa. ; there he was converted, and 
joined the only church in the place, the Methodist, 
but he would not be immersed by one who had not 
been himself immersed. He was baptized l)y a 
Baptist minister. Brother Brown joined a Baptist 
church in Virginia. He soon after entered Recton 
College, and studied till ill health compelled him 
to cease. While at this school he was licensed to 
preach, and in 1842 he was ordained. Brother 
Brown was pastor at Mount Vernon, Wooster, and 
Warren, 0. Hundreds were baptized by him in 
these places. He was appointed chaplain i'n 1863 
in the 2d Ohio Cavalry. After the war he moved 
to Sedalia, Mo., and was a missionary of the Home 
Mission Society. He built a good house of worship 
in Sedalia, and one of the best west of the Missis- 
sippi River in Clinton, Mo., and another substan- 
tial edifice for railroad men in Sedalia, and when 



he had installed a pastor over the last church of 
his care in Sedalia he fell dead with paralysis, 
June 9, 1879. 

The memory of Mr. Brown is precious to large 
numbers, and his works will bless him for genera- 
tions. 

Brown, Rev. Esek, was born in Warren, R. I., 
Sept. 17, 1787 ; baptized by Rev. Ebenezer Burt in 
Hardwick, Mass., in 1809 ; licensed by the Baptist 
church in Sutton, Mass., Feb. 20, 1814; ordained 
pastor of the church in Dudley, Mass., June 15, 
1815 ; commenced his labors in Lebanon, Conn., 
Sept. 13, 1818; here remained till his death; 
preached with power before the Connecticut Bap- 
tist State Convention in 1827 ; often preached with 
acceptance before Associations ; was a man of re- 
markable readiness ; modest in deportment, untir- 
ing in zeal, " devoted to the salvation of the world, 
few ministers have gone down to the grave carry- 
ing with them a greater amount of the unalloyed 
affections of a bereaved people ;" died at Lebanon, 
after a pastorate of fifteen years, Sept. 11, 1833. 

Brown, Rev. Freeman G., was born in Cam- 
bridge, Mass., January, 1813, and graduated at 
Columbian College, Washington, D. C, in the class 
of 1835. He entered Newton Theological Institu- 
tion one year afterwards, and graduated in 1839. 
He was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in 
Portsmouth, N. H., Feb. 5, 1840, and remained 
there for three years. His subsequent pastorates 
were at North Dorchester and West Townsend, 
Mass. He was the agent of the American and 
Foreign Bible Society from 1853 to 1856. He was 
pastor in Hamilton, Canada West, from 1861 to 
1863. He now resides in Cambridge, having no 
pastoral charge. 

Brown, Rev. Gustavus, a colored Baptist 
preacher, was born in Fauquier Co., Va., in 1815. 
In 1828 he was brought to Kentucky. He experi- 
enced religion in 1832, at seventeen years of age, 
and was baptized in Cheautau's Pond, St. Louis, by 
Elder Jerry Meachum, the first colored pastor in 
Missouri. Brother Brown was licensed to preach 
in 1819, and ordained by Rev. J. M. Peck, D.D., 
and Dr. S. Lynd, in 1846. He was called to the 
pastorate of the Nineteenth Street Baptist church 
in Washington, D. C, in 1849 ; labored six years 
in that church, and four in the Second church of 
Washington. Came again to St. Louis in 1859, 
and still preaches there ; is a useful and good man. 

Brown, Rev. Henry A., was born in Rock- 
ingham Co., N. C, Sept. 28, 1846; baptized in 
June, 1866; graduated at Wake Forest College in 
1871; was ordained at Yancey ville. August, 1871, 
the Presbytery consisting of Revs. W. S. Fontain, 
L. G. Mason, F. H. Jones, and F. M. Judan. Mr. 
Brown has served the church in Fayetteville for 
three years, and has been the pastor of the Winston 



BROWX 



145 



BROWN 



church fur neavh' three years. A crood pastor and 
preacher. 

Brown, Rev. Hugh Stowell, pastor of the 

Myrtle Street Baptist church, Liverpool, England, 
is the son of a clergyman of the Church of England, 
and was born at Douglas, in the Isle of Man, on Aug. 
10, 1823. When about seventeen years old he was 
placed in the engine-works of the Northwestern 
Railway at Wolverton, and remained there some 
three years, becoming during that time practically 
acquainted with the manufacture and driving of lo- 
comotives. In his working hours, as well as in his 
leisure, he diligently carried on his studies of lan- 
guages, mathematics, and philosophy. Returning 
home when about twenty years of age, he entered 
King William Col 1 ege as a student, with a view to the 
ministry of the Established Church, and attracted 
favorable notice by his ardor and diligence. At 
this time the principles involved in the church 
and state controversy deeply exercised his mind, 
and in his perplexity he hesitated to seek ordina- 
tion. His home training had made him familiar 
with religious truth, but a succession of severe 
family bereavements, including the death of his 
excellent father, had a powerful and chastening 
influence upon his mind. Ultimately he deter- 
mined to join the Baptist denomination, and he 
was baptized at Stoney Stratford, near Wolverton, 
by the Rev. E. L. Forster, the pastor of the Baptist 
church there, with whom he had previously be- 
come intimately acquainted. Very soon after his 
baptism he accepted an engagement in town mis- 
sion work at Liverpool, and whilst in this service 
he attracted the attention of the Myrtle Street 
church, whose venerable pastor, the Rev. James 
Lister, needed an assistant. About the close of 
1847 he received an invitation to the pastorate of 
the church, being then in his twenty-fifth year. 
His predecessor was a man of much ability and 
strength of character, and had ministered to the 
church upwards of forty years. It was, therefore, 
no easy task to fill his place, but from the first 
Mr. Brown's ministry was successful. In 1847 
the Myrtle Street church reported 317 members and 
554 Sunday-school scholars. In 1877 the member- 
ship was 900, thi; Sunday-school scholars 1850, and 
there were seven mission stations connected with the 
church. Mr. Brown's Sunday afternoon lectures to 
workingmen, in a public hall, won for him the ears 
and hearts of thousands. In this field he has the 
honor of leading the way. Stirred by his signal 
success, many other ministers in different parts of 
the country, especially in the large cities, gave 
themselves to the work, and the work has gone on 
ever since with gratifying results. These lectures 
are widely known, large editions of them having 
been printed in England and America. For plain, 
downright speech on prevalent social evils and 



common sins Mr. Brown can hardly be surpassed. 
On the lecture platform, as well as in the pulpit, he 
is equally popular, and in both spheres of effort he 
lias rendered most valuable public services. In 
Liverpool, where he has ministered for more than 
thirty years, he occupies a leading position among 
public men. By the Baptists of the United King- 
dom he is regarded with affectionate esteem as a 
tower of strength. He was elected to the chair of 
the Baptist Union in 1878 by unanimous consent, 
and has frequently been called to pi-ominent ser- 
vice in the interests of the body. As a preacher 
he excels in exposition, and his utterances have a 
singular freshness and point, w^ith an unconven- 
tionality of phraseology which is very striking. 
The ]Myrtle Street church under his leadei-ship has 
done much for the promotion of denominational 
principles in Liverpool and the neighborhood, be- 
sides raising large sums of money annually for 
foreign missions and other evangelistic enterprises. 
Mr. Brown visited the United States and Canada 
in 1872, and was cordially welcomed everywhere. 
He has taken a lively interest in the recent move- 
ments looking towards a unification of the churches 
in denominational work. His preaching is richly 
evangelical, and has been attended with marked 
spiritual power. 

Brown, James F., D.D., was born at Scotch 
Plains, N. J., July 4, 1819. He graduated from 
the University of Pennsylvania in 1841, and 
studied theology with Rev. Dr. Dagg. He was 
ordained pastor of Gainesville Baptist church, 
Ala., and in 1846 took charge of the Great Valley 
church. Pa., in which he remained eight years, 
and was then called to his native place in 1854, 
where he ministered six years. The First church 
of Bridgeton had his valuable services for about 
eight years, and the old church at Piscataway then 
was under his charge for ten years and a half, 
when failing health compelled him to resign in 
1878. A man of scholarly attainments, gentle 
spirit, sound theological views, large sympathies, 
and blessed in his past ministry, it is hoped that 
he may have sufficient health to resume the pas- 
torate. The university at Lewisburg, Pa., of 
whose board of curators he is a member, and of 
which he was chancellor for several years, con- 
ferred upon him the Doctorate of Divinity in 
1863. 

Brown, Jere.— It is regretted that the writer 
f\iiled to obtain matter out of which to make a 
sketch of the late Deacon Jere Brown, of Sumter 
County, Ala. ; a man of great wealth before the 
war, a princely planter, an intelligent and cultivated 
gentleman of vast influence, and liberal with his 
money. At one time, some twenty-five years ago, 
he gave 825,000 to the endowment of a theological 
chair in Howard College, and a beneficiary fund, 



BROWN 



BROWN 



which was blessed to the assistance of many young 
ministers in securing an education. Another 
Deacon Brown, a near relative of Jere Br-^-fu, in 
the same community, though not so wealthy (yet 
quite wealthy), was a man of equal worth and in- 
fluence. 

Brown, J. Newton, D.D., was born in New 
London, Conn., in June, 1803 ; was baptized in 
Hudson, N. Y., in 1817 ; graduated from Hamilton, 
N. Y., in 1823 ; ordained in Buffalo in 1824 ; pas- 
tor in Maiden, Mass., in 1827 ; in 1829 pastor of a 
church in Exeter, N. H. ; in 1838 Professor of The- 
ology and Pastoral Relations in the New Hampton 
Institution, N. H. ; in 1845 pastor of the church of 
Lexington, Va. ; in 1849 editorial secretai-y of the 
Baptist Publication Society. He was the author 
of the little creed so commonly adopted in newly 
organized Baptist churches, and known as " The 
New Hampshire Confession." Like the mild Dr. 
Brown, it is gently Calvinistical. He edited the 
" Encyclopaedia of Religious Knowledge," one of 
the valuable works of modern times. 

Dr. Brown had poor health most of his life, but 
it was the only poor thing about him ; he had great 
faith •, he was never angry ; he loved every one ; he 
was the meekest man the writer ever knew ; he 
walked very closely with God. He fell asleep in 
Jesus May 14, 1868, in Germantown, Pa. 

Brown, Rev. Joseph, was born in Wickford, 
R. I. His early life was spent on the farm and in 
one of the woolen-mills belonging to his father. 
By private study he fitted himself for the Fresh- 
man class at Yale. He completed the course, 
graduating with special honor in a class of ninety. 
In 1844 he returned to Yale and took his second 
degree. A few years later he taught in the Pitts- 
burgh Female Seminary. Under the auspices of the 
Ohio Baptist State Convention he organized a 
church at Gallipolis and was then ordained. He 
spent ten years as pastor of the First Baptist 
church of Springfield, 0., and during the time 
completed a theological course in Wittenberg Col- 
lege of the same city. In 1860 he became pastor 
of the Baptist church in Terre Haute, Ind. In 
1870 he moved to Indianapolis, and soon entered 
upon the duties of corresponding secretary for the 
Indiana Baptist State Convention, and served for 
five years, when failing health obliged him to re- 
sign. He was a truly modest man, a preacher of 
decided ability, and a faithful servant of his Mas- 
ter. His illness was protracted. He expressed a 
wish that he might die on Sunday. The Lord 
called him Sunday, Aug. 11, 1878. He left $1000 
to the Indiana Baptist State Convention. 

Brown, Hon. Joseph Emerson, United States 
Senator and ex-governor of Georgia, and one of the 
most remarkable and distinguished men of the day, 
was born in Pickens District, S. C, April 15, 1821. 



His ancestors emigrated from Ireland in 1745 and 
settled in Virginia, afterwards they moved to South 
Carolina, and from it to Georgia. During his mi- 
nority, down to his nineteenth year, Jos. E. Brown 




GOV. JOSEPH E. BROWN. 

lived upon a farm. In 1840 he entered Calhoun 
Academy, in Anderson District, S. C, where he re- 
mained three years. He then engaged in teaching 
at Canton, Ga., reading law at night, till he was 
admitted to the bar, in August, 1845. Afterwards 
he spent a year in the law school of Yale College, 
and in the fall of 1846 he entered regularly upon 
the legal profession at Canton, Ga. He was elected 
to the State Senate in 1849, serving two years, and 
in 1855 he was elected judge of the Superior Court 
of the Blue Ridge Circuit. He was elected gov- 
ernor in 1857. In 1859 he was unanimously re- 
nominated for governor, and was re-elected. In 
1861 he was again renominated for governor, and 
again re-elected, and in 1864 the people for the 
fourth time in succession called him to the guber- 
natorial chair. As governor of the State he espoused 
the cause of secession, and sent not less than 120,000 
men to the field from Georgia. 

Subsequently to the war Gov. Brown "accepted 
the situation," acquiesced in the reconstruction 
measures of Congress as a necessity resulting from 
the war, and published a letter advising his friends 
to follow the same course. 

In 1868 he was appointed chief justice of the 
Supreme Court of Georgia by Gov. Bullock for 
twelve years, which was confirmed by the State 
Senate ; but he resigned in 1870, and became one 
of the lessees for twenty years of the "Western and 



BROWN 



147 



BROWN 



Atlantic Railroad, belonging to the State of Georgia. 
He was chosen president of the company, which 
office he still retains, and under his excellent man- 
agement the road pays into the State treasury 
$300,000 per annum, besides benefiting the com- 
pany. Gov. Brown is also president of the Southern 
Railway and Steamship Association, which em- 
braces nearly all the railroad corporations east of 
the Mississippi, and from the Potomac to the Ohio 
River. For twenty years he has been a trustee of 
the State University ; has been president of the 
Board of Education of Atlanta ever since its or- 
ganization ; has had much to do with shaping the 
public school system of that city ; and during the 
present year (1880) he made the handsome dona- 
tion of §50,000 to the Southern Baptist Theological 
Seminary at Louisville, Ky. In the summer of 
1880 he was appointed by Gov. Colquitt to fill the 
unexpired term of Senator Gordon in the U. S. 
Senate, where, as in every other position held by 
him, he did himself credit, and gave evidence of 
that large mental capacity which has always char- 
acterized him. ■ Gov. Brown has ever been a faith- 
ful and active Baptist since uniting with the church 
when he was a young man. For years he has been 
chairman of the finance committee of the Second 
Baptist church of Atlanta, the financial manage- 
ment devolving mainly upon him. As a financier 
he is probably unsurpassed, and he is now very 
wealthy. 

He frequently attends the public convocations of 
his brethren, and he is always received with the 
highest respect. A man of wonderful firmness, 
sagacity, power of will, and excellence of judg- 
ment, he has always succeeded in his undertakings. 
Almost every honor a State can bestow upon a 
favored citizen has been conferred upon him, and 
he exerts an influence in Georgia wielded by no 
other man. 

Brown, Rev. Joseph, Prentice, son of Henry 
and Lucy (Prentice) Brown, was born in AYaterford, 
Conn., Oct. 27, 1820 ; a cousin of Rev. J. Newton 
Brown, D.D. ; converted at the age of seventeen ; 
united with First Baptist church of Waterford, 
Conn., at the age of twenty ; educated at East 
Greenwich Academy, R. I., and New Hampton 
Theological Institution, N. H. ; ordained in Charles- 
town, R. I., January, 1847 ; remained two years, 
blessed in toil ; in March, 1849, settled with the 
Union Baptist church in Plainfield, Conn., and la- 
bored with signal success for twenty-two years; in 
1871 settled with the Second Baptist church in New 
London, and served about six years ; a man of native 
strength and sound judgment; spiritual and earnest 
in his work; both pastor and evangelist; baptized 
above 300 persons; a member- of the State Legis- 
lature, in 1865, from Plainfield ; served on Boards 
of Education ; more than twenty years on the Board 



of the Connecticut Baptist State Convention, and 
once its president; always wise in council. 

Brown, Nathan, D.D., was born in New Ips- 
wich, N. H., June 22, 1807. He graduated at Wil- 
liams College, Mass., in 1827, and at the Newton 
Theological Institution in 1830. He was ordained 
at Rutland, Vt., April 15, 1831. Having been 
appointed as a missionary, he sailed from tliis 
country Dec. 22, 1832, and reached Calcutta, May 
5, 1833, and proceeded at once to take charge of 
a mission to the Shans. He commenced his work 
March, 1836, in Sadiya, at the northeast extremity 
of Assam. He removed, in 1839, to Jaipur, arid 
to Sibsagor in 1841. While here. Dr. Brown 
directed his special attention to the work of trans- 
lation. The whole New Testament in Assaman 
was printed in 1848. Year after year new and 
revised editions were issued from the press, and Dr. 
Brown had the satisfaction of knowing that he had 
been an instrument in the hands of God of giving 
the knowledge of the truth "as it is in Jesus" to 
millions of the human race. In 1855, Dr. Brown, 
after twenty years of faithful service, returned to 
his native land. Difi"erences of opinion as to mat- 
ters of missionary policy having come between Dr. 
Brown and the Executive Committee, his connec- 
tion with the Missionary Union was dissolved July 
26, 1859. For several years Dr. Brown was engaged 
in editorial work in this country, and in advocating 
the claims of the Free Mission Society. In 1872 
the Union unanimously voted to take charge of the 
Japan mission of the American Baptist Free Mis- 
sion Society, and Dr. Brown's connection with the 
Union was restored, and he was sent to Japan. He 
reached Yokohama in Febru.ary, 1873, and entered 
upon his missionary work. During a part of the 
five years past he has given his special attention 
to the work of the translation of the Bible into 
the -Japanese language. In the report of 1878 we 
find that, within the last three years, over 1,000,000 
pages of Scripture, including the first three gospels 
and portions of theOld Testament, have been printed. 
When the whole Bible, faithfully translated, shall 
have been given to the 33,000,000 that inhabit 
Japan, Dr. Brown may well thank God for the part 
which he has been permitted to take in so blessed 
an undertaking. 

Brown, Obadiah B., D.D., was born in Newark, 
N. J., July 20, 1779. He was educated a Presby- 
terian, but in early life espoused the views of Bap- 
tists. He was engaged in teaching for several 
years, and about the age of twenty-four was bap- 
tized. Wishing to devote himself to the ministry, 
he studied theology under the care of the Rev. W. 
Van Horn, of Scotch Plains. After his ordination 
he preached for a short time at Salem, N. J., and 
removing thence to Washington, D. C, in 1807, 
he became pastor of the First Baptist church in 



BROWN 



148 



BE OWN 



that city, in which relation he continued for up- 
wards of forty years (1850), until growing physical 
infirmities prevented his officiating longer. He 
was chosen repeatedly chaplain to Congress. Dr. 
Brown took a deep interest in education, and was 
for a long time a most efficient member of the 
board of trustees of the Columbian College. He 
was greatly interested also in missions, and in con- 
nection with Rice and others promoted the organ- 
ization of the Baptist General Convention for mis- 
sionary purposes. His pulpit efforts were marked 
by an unusual vigor of mind, and sometimes by 
great power and effectiveness. He died May 2, 
1852. 

Brown, Gen. P. P., was born in Madison Co., 
N. Y., Oct. 8, 1823. He was converted at eight 
years of age. After teaching in various places he 
removed to Alton, 111., and became principal of the 
Preparatory Department of Shurtleff College. In 
1862 he organized the 157th Regiment of N. Y. 
Vols. He was soon promoted to be a brigadier- 
general for gallant service ; he was commended for 
his bravery at the battle of Chancellorsville. At 
the battle of Gettysburg he guarded a battery in 
a very hazardous position. With honor he closed 
his military career. 

Gen. Brown has since the war resided in St. 
Louis, and is a faithful member of the Second 
Baptist church of that citj". 

Brown, Rev. Simeon, was bom in North Ston- 

ington, Conn., Jan. 31, ]72'2: a man of native 
talents ; belonged to the standing order ; was con- 
verted under Whitefield's preaching about 1745; 
joined the New Lights; united with Rev. Stephen 
Babcock in forming the Baptist church in Westei-ly 
in 1750, and was deacon; opened his house in 
North Stonington to the famous Council of May 
29, 1754; was baptized by Rev. Wait Palmer in 
1764; in March, 1765, organized the Second Bap- 
tist church in North Stonington, and was ordained 
pastor; was associated in the ministry with breth- 
ren Babcock, Morse, Palmer, Darrow, Lee, Wight- 
man, Silas Burrows, Backus, West, and Asa Wil- 
cox ; remained pastor of the church fifty years: 
was assisted by Rev. Ashur Miner ; a strong, pure, 
earnest man; died Nov. 24, 1815, in his ninety- 
fourth year, leaving a shining record. 

Brown, T. Edwin, D.D., was born in Wash- 
ington, D. C, Sept. 26, 1841, and was educated in 
tlie schools of his native city, graduating at Co- 
lumbian College in 1861 with the highest honors 
of his class. He was immediately appointed tutor 
of Greek and Latin in the college, which position 
he filled with great acceptance for two years. But 
feeling moved to enter the ministry, he accepted 
a call to the Tabernacle Baptist church in Brook- 
lyn, Avhere' he was ordained pastor in November, 
1862. This relation continued for seven years, dur- 



ing which time he greatly endeared himself to his 
people by his arduous labors, his excellent spirit, 
and his superior talents as a preacher. He also 
steadily gained in reputation and influence in New 
York and Brooklyn. His scholarly habits and 
polished manners qualified him for any circle of 
society, and it was with deep regret the people of 
Brooklyn parted with him when, in November, 
1869, he accepted the call of the Second church 
of Rochester. During his pastorate at Rochester 
Mr. Brown has developed rare powers as a preacher 
and student. He is a young man, and yet minis- 
ters acceptably to one of the most cultivated con- 
gregations in the State of New York. The Uni- 
versity of Rochester conferred upon him the degree 
of Doctor of Divinity in the year 1875. 

Brown, E.ev. Thomas, was born in Newark, 
N. J., Nov. 1, 1779. He was converted at sixteen. 
Shortly after reaching twenty-one he left the Pres- 
byterian for the Baptist denomination. He was 
educated in the academy of Dr. Samuel Jones, of 
Lower Dublin, Pa. In 1806 he was ordained as 
pastor of Salem Baptist church, N. J. In 1808 he 
took charge of the Scotch Plains church, over which 
he presided for twenty years, and in which the 
richest blessings of heaven rested upon his efforts. 
He removed to the Great Valley church. Pa., in 
1828, where the Lord was pleased to smile upon 
his labors. The church was greatly prospered, and 
the pastor was tenderly loved. He died -Jan. 17, 
1831. He was a good man, a faithful minister, and 
a happy Christian. 

Brown, Rev. William L., was boi-n in Piovi- 
dence, R. I., January, 1813, and graduated at 
Brown University in the class of 1836. He pur- 
sued a two years' course of theological study at 
Newton. He was ordained Feb. 14, 1839. His 
pastorates have been with the churches at Ann 
Arbor, Mich. ; Bristol, R. I. ; West Springfield, 
Westborough, and Watertown, Mass.; at Mount 
Pleasant and Ottumwa, Iowa ; and North Reading, 
Mass., where he is at the present time (1880) in 
active service. 

Brown, Rev. "William Martin, a prominent 

Baptist minister, was born in Halifax Co., Va., 
Aug. 18, 1794. He came to Mercer Co., Ky., in 
1813, and two years afterwards settled in Hart 
County of that State. He united with Bacon 
Creek church in 1821, and five years afterwards 
became its pastor, and served in that capacity 
thirty-two years. He was also pastor of Knox's 
Creek and South Fork churches. Under his 
ministry two of these churches became the 
largest in Lynn Association. Mr. Brown traveled 
and preached extensively in that region of the 
State, and formed several churches. He died .June 

I 3, 1861. Two of his sons, James H. and D. J., be- 

I came useful Baptist preachers. 



BROWN 



149 



BROWN 



BROWiSr, OF PROVIDENCE, THE FAMILY OP. 

Brown, Rev. Chad, the ancestor of the distin- 
guished Brown family of Rhode Island, was born in 
England about 1610. He is said to have been '' one 
of that little company who fled with Roger Williams 
from the persecution of the then colony of Massachu- 
setts." The lot which was assigned to him in the 
division of lands which was made in Providence 
included within it what is now the college grounds 
of Brown University. He seems to have been a 
man of importance in those early times, having 
been chosen, with four other citizens, to draw up a 
plan of agreement for the peace and govei-nment 
of the colony, which for several years constituted 
the only acknowledged government of the town. 
Mr. Brown may be regarded as the first " elder," 
or regular minister of the First Baptist church in 
Providence, the church founded by Roger Williams. 
While Mr. Brown was the minister of the First 
church in Providence there arose a great contro- 
versy, which agitated not only the town, but the 
whole colony. It was with reference to the "laying 
on of hands," alluded to in Ileb. vi. 1, 2, and Mr. 
Brown was earnest in maintaining the obligatori- 
ness of the rite, as being one of divine authority. 
He died about the year 1665. "His death," says 
Dr. Guild, "was regarded by the colonists as a 
public calamity; for he had been the successful 
arbitrator of many dififerences, and had won the 
not unenviable reputation of being a peace-maker." 
Roger Williams spoke of him, after his death, "as 
that wise and godly soul, now with God." He was 
the worthy head of honored descendants. 

Brown, John, the oldest son of Rev. Chad 
Brown, was born in England in 1630. According 
to Dr. Guild, " he appears to have been a man of 
influence in the colony, and to have inherited the 
character and spirit of his father; he appears to 
have taken an active part in the aS"airs of the 
colony, and to have occupied positions of trust and 
honor." 

Brown, Rev. James, the second son of John, 
was born in Providence in 1665. He was associated 
for a time with the Rev. Pardon Tillinghast as one 
of the pastors of the First Baptist church of Provi- 
dence. He is spoken of as an example of piety 
and meekness worthy of admiration. 

Brown, James, the second son of the Rev. 
James Brown, was born March 22, 1698; he de- 
voted himself to mercantile pursuits, and his efforts 
were successful. His wife was a lady of great 
wisdom, and gave a home training to four sons 
which made them the most distinguished men in 
the colony. The names of the celebrated "four 
brothers" were Nicholas, -Joseph, .John, and Moses. 

Brown, Nicholas, the first of the " four broth- 
ers," was born in Providence, July 28, 1729. He 
was called at an early age to assume grave respon- 



sibilities in consequence of the death of his father. 
With a decided taste for a business life, he entered 
upon his career as a merchant, and was eminently 
successful. Engrossed in business, he devoted him- 
self to his chosen calling with great diligence, and 
reaped abundantly the reward of his fidelity. Like 
so many others who bore his name, he was a friend 
to the college and the church which have done so 
much for the Baptist cause. He died May 29, 1791. 
His religious character is thus described by Dr. 
Stillman : "Religion was his favorite subject. To 
Christianity in general as founded on a fullness of 
evidence, and to its peculiar doctrines, he was firmly 
attached : and from his uniform temper, his love 
for the gospel and for pious men, together with his 
many and generous exertions to promote the cause 
of Christ, we may safely conclude that he had tasted 
that the Lord is gracious. ' Therefore we sorrow 
not as those who have no hope.' He was a Baptist 
from principle. Blessed with opulence, he was 
ready to distribute to public and to private uses. 
In his death the college of this place, this church 
and society, the town of Providence, and the gen- 
eral interests of religion, learning, and liberality, 
have lost a friend indeed." 

Brown, Joseph, was born Dec. 3, 1733 ; he was 
the second of the " four brothers" ; he was engaged 
in mercantile pursuits. He had scholarly tastes, 
and in the department of natural sciences he was 
justly regarded as occupying a high place. He 
sustained an intimate connection with the college ; 
in 1784 he was appointed Professor of Natural 
Philosophy, and he performed the duties of this ofiice 
without financial compensation. For many years 
he was a member of the First Baptist church, and 
contributed largely towards the erection of its ele- 
gant edifice. He died Dec. 3, 1785. By the de- 
cease of the late Mrs. Eliza B. Rogers, the daughter 
of Mary Brown, who married Dr. Stephen Gano, 
this branch of the Brown family became extinct. 

Brown, John, the tnird of the distinguished 
" four brothers Brown," of Providence, and a 
lineal descendant of Rev. Chad Brown, the first 
minister of the venerable First Baptist church. 
Providence, R. I., was born in that town Jan. 27, 
1736. He early developed a decided aptness for 
business, and was the first merchant in Providence 
Avho carried trade to China and the East Indies. 
The interests of the church, with which so many 
of his ancestors had been connected, were especially 
fostered by him. To his generous aid and his far- 
seeing wisdom is largely due the erection of the 
splendid house of worship which for more than a 
century has been the place of meeting for the 
church. Under the pastoral care of President 
Manning, of Brown University, the congregation 
grew so large that the old meeting-hous'e erected 
in 1726 was entirely inadequate to meet its wants. 



BROWN 



BROWN 



The following resolution was passed Feb. 11, 1774: 
'• Resolved, That we will all heartily unite as one 
man, in all lawful ways and means, to promote the 
good of this society, and particularly attend to the 
affair of building a meeting-house for the public 
worship of Almighty God, and also for holding 
commencements in." At a meeting of the society, 
April 25, 1774, the following resolution was passed : 
" That Mr. John Brown be the committee-man for 
carrying on the building of the new meeting-house 
for said society." It shows how much confidence 
was felt in Mr. Brown that upon him should be 
placed the chief responsibility of carrying out the 
wishes of the society. The meeting-house so justly 
admired exhibited the marks of his good taste. 
The steeple is similar to that of St. Martin's in the 
Fields in London, a church of faultless propor- 
tions, in the neighborhood of Trafalgar Square. 

Mr. Brown was a warm patriot. By his special 
orders the captains of his ships returning to this 
country in 1775 were directed to bring munitions 
of war, especially gunpowder, as freight, and he 
was able to render great assistance to Gen. AVash- 
ington's army in Boston. He had already made 
himself obnoxious to the enemy for causing the de- 
struction, in 1772, of the British armed schooner 
"Gaspee." He escaped, however, all the perils of 
tiie war, and was able to serve his country in the 
councils of the nation as he had in the arena of 
public strife. He was sent as delegate to Congress 
in 1784 and 1785. In 1799 he was elected a mem- 
ber, and served two years. He died Sept. 20, 1803. 

Brown, Moses, was the youngest of the " four 
brothers." He was born Sept. 23, 1738. By his 
marriage he obtained a competent fortune, which, 
added to what he had made in business, in partner- 
ship with his three bi'Others, enabled him to retire 
to the more quiet life which suited his tastes. Al- 
though brought up a Baptist, at the age of *-hirty- 
five he joined the Society of Friends, and became 
one of the most liberal supporters of all the insti- 
tutions of that body of Christians. He lived to the 
great age of nearly ninety-eight years, his death 
taking place at Providence, Sept. 6, 1836. An 
excellent portrait of Mr. Brown is in the portrait- 
gallery of Brown University. 

Brown, Hon. Nicholas, the munificent friend 
of the university which bears his honored name, was 
born in Providence, R. I., April 4, 1769. We trace 
liis ancestry " on this side of the water" back to Mr. 
Cliail Brown, the friend and sharer of the sacrifices 
of Roger Williams in his new home. In the sixth 
generation from Chad Brown we find the family 
name borne by four brothers, each of them distin- 
guished in the annals of the city. The name of 
the third of these brothers was Nicholas, and this 
name was* given to his son, the subject of this 
sketch. Young Brown, at the early age of four- 



teen, became a member of Rhode Island College, 
in the foundation of which his father and uncle had 
taken the deepest interest. He graduated in 1786. 
Having completed his college course of study, 
Mr. Brown at once entered the counting-room of 
his father to prepare himself to carry on the busi- 
ness of the mercantile house which he represented. 
When he reached the age of twenty-two his father 
was removed by death, and he found himself pos- 
sessed of what in those days was a large patrimony. 
Taking to himself as a partner Mr. Thomas P. 
Ives, whose tastes were congenial with his own, he 
entered upon that long career of prosperity which 
made the firm of Brown & Ives so well known and 
so highly respected in almost every quarter of the 
world. 




HON. NlCn01..\S BROWX. 

But it is not simply as a merchant laying broad 
and fixr-sighted plans for amassing wealth that 
we are to view the subject of this sketc]i. He 
lived in times when society had passed and was 
passing through radical changes. As an intelligent, 
high-minded man, he could be no other than a sin- 
cere patriot, seeking the welfare of the country, 
which was now taking its place as an independent 
nation among the nations of the earth. He took 
a lively interest in the politics of his day, and for 
fourteen years was for most of the time a member 
of either the lower or the upper house of the Gen- 
eral Assembly of his native State. 

In such a sketch as this our special concern with 
Mr. Brown is in the character of a man of simple 
piety and a large-hearted benevolence. Although, 
from some peculiar views which he cherished on 



BROWN 



151 



BROWN 



the subject of making a public profession of his 
faith in Christ, he never became a member of the 
church, no one who was intimate with him could 
have any doubt that he was a sincere Christian. 
Few persons read more devoutly and more habitu- 
ally the Word of God. He believed in the public 
institutions of religion, and by his own example 
and generous contributions sustained them. Es- 
pecially attached was he to the faith of his fathers, 
and the church where for so many generations they 
had worshiped. He gave to it what in those days 
was regarded as an organ of great value, and in his 
last will he left to it the sum of $3000. Other 
churches, not only in Providence, but elsewhere, 
shared in his bounty. The great religious organi- 
zations of the day found in him a liberal supporter. 
His benefactions to the university which bears his 
name deserve special mention. They commenced 
four years after his graduation, and continued until 
his death. His first generous gift was a valuable 
collection of law books. A few years after he gave 
$5000 to Rhode Island College towards the founda- 
tion of a professorship of Rhetoric and Oratory. 
In consequence of the interest shown by Mr. Brown 
in the college its name was changed to Brown 
University. At his own charges, he caused to be 
erected the second dormitory of the university, 
known as " Hope College," which cost not far from 
$20,000. By this gift he transmitted to posterity 
the name of his only sister, Mrs. Hope Ives. In 
May, 1826, he gave to the university lands the es- 
timated value of which was $20,000. A few years 
after, in connection with his brother-in-law, Thomas 
P. Ives, Esq., a valuable philosophical apparatus. 
He started, in 1832, the library fund of $25,000 with 
a subscription of $10,000. He paid all the bills 
incurred in the erection of Manning Hall, amount- 
ing to $18,500. The building was dedicated Feb- 
ruary 4, 1835, President Wayland delivering on the 
occasion a discourse on the " Dependence of Science 
on Religion." In 1839 he gave $10,000 to the cor- 
poration, $7000 of the sum to be appropriated to- 
wards the erection of the president's house, and 
$3000 towards the erection of a third college build- 
ing, to be used for the accommodation of the de- 
partments of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Min- 
eralogy, and Natural History. He also furnished 
three valuable lots as sites of these buildings. " The 
entire sum of his recorded benefactions," says Dr. 
Guild, " amounts to $160,000, assigning to the do- 
nations of lands and buildings the valuation which 
was put upon them at the time they were made." 
A part of this sum was realized after his decease, 
when the corporation of the university came into 
possession of certain lots of land valued at 842,500, 
and a bequest out of which has come the Nicholas 
Brown scholarships, eleven in number, and valued 
at $12,000. The large amount thus contributed to 



the university made him, at the time of his death, 
the most generous donor to the cause of education the 
counti-y had produced. If he has been outstripped 
in the number and the value of his gifts by lovers 
of good learning in more modern times, it may be 
doubted, considering how changed is the standard 
of giving, whether he does not still occupy the 
rank which he has held among the warmest friends 
of liberal culture and advanced education. 

As a Baptist, Mr. Brown did not confine his 
bounty to the university within whose walls he 
received his education. He gave to Columbian 
College, to the Newton Theological Institution, and 
to Waterville College, all designed to promote the 
better training of young men in the Baptist de- 
nomination. By his will, also, he left something to 
the Northern Baptist Education, and to the Amer- 
ican and Foreign Bible Society. 

Mr. Brown took an active part in founding the 
Providence " Athenaeum," giving to it the valuable 
lot on which the library building stands, $6000 to- 
wards the erection of this building, and $4000 to 
the library fund. In his will, moreover, he gave 
$30,000 towards the erection of a lunatic hospital, 
now known as the " Butler Hospital for the Insane," 
taking its name from Cyrus Butler, Esq., whose 
gift of $40,000 was added to that of Mr. Brown. 

Dr. Guild, as has already been stated, places the 
amount of his "recorded benefactions at $160,000." 
Other sums, given in other directions besides those 
which have been indicated, swell the amount, ac- 
cording to the estimate of Professor Gammell, to 
the large sum of $211,500. Thus did this " steward 
of the Lord" scatter in every direction the posses- 
sions which a kind Providence gave to him. He 
earned money not to hoard it, not to expend it on 
personal gratification, but to do good with it. He 
" sowed bountifully," and God enabled him to 
" reap bountifully." No finite mind can measure 
the blessed influences which a man of such large 
and generous heart sets in motion. For generation 
after generation they widen and extend in a thou- 
sand directions to the glory of God and the benefit 
of mankind. May the number of successful Bap- 
tist merchants like Nicholas Brown be increased 
an hundredfold! 

Brown, Hon. John Carter, the second son oi 
Nicholas Brown, the benefactor of the university 
which bears his name, was born in Providence, 
Aug. 28, 1797. He graduated at Brown Univer> 
sity in the class of 1816. Inheriting the tastes of 
his ancestors for mercantile pursuits, he entered 
the counting-room of Brown & Ives, his father and 
uncle, and in due time became a member of the 
firm. He took the responsibilities which his hon- 
ored father had so long borne in connection with 
the university when death removed that father to 
his reward. As a member of its corporation, in 



BROWN 



BROWN 



both branches, he performed excellent service for 
his alma mater. In his gifts to the university he 
has been surpassed by no one but his father. The 
value of these gifts was not far from §155,000. 

Mr. Brown was a great lover of books, and in 
one department it is believed that no library in 
this or any other country has a more valuable col- 
lection. We refer to the department of American 
history. It was his aim to secure every publica- 
tion relating to either North or South America be- 
tween the year 1492 and the year 1800. "This 
design," says Prof. Gammell, "has been accom- 
plished, not indeed with absolute completeness, but 
to an extent which must awaken the admiration of 
all who are acquainted with the vast treasures of 
his collection. It contains the- materials for illus- 
trating the discovery of the New World, and the 
entire history of its development and progress in 
all its divisions to the close of the eighteenth cen- 
tury." It shows the kindness of Mr. Brown's 
heart tliat he placed this most rai-e and magnificent 
collection at the service of any scholar who might 
wish to avail liimself of its treasures, and to that 
pleasant library where the writer of this sketch 
has spent so many happy hours many a literary 
pilgrim has come and met a most hearty welcome. 

Although possessed of large wealth, Mr. Brown, 
like his father, was simple in his tastes, and 
shunned notoriety in every form. He lived to see 
the fruits of his benevolence as shown to the uni- 
versity and some of the leading chai-itable institu- 
tions of his native city. He died in Providence, 
R. I., June 10, 1874. Mr. Brown closes our 
sketches of the Brown family of Providence. 

Brown University. — This institution, like so 
many other colleges in this country, owes its 
origin to the deep-seated conviction that religion 
and learning should unite their forces to elevate 
and save the race. The Baptist denomination 
needed <an institution, first of all, for the fitting of 
young men to enter the Christian ministry, and 
also to prepare others to engage in scientific and 
literary pui-suits honorably for themselves and 
beneficially for the community in wliich they were 
to live. The Philadelphia Baptist Association was 
formed in 1707, and at once took a decided stand 
in favor of an educated ministry. Many years 
elapsed, however, before a definite plan was formed 
to establish a college suited to the wants of the de- 
nomination. The founding of such an institution 
in Rhode Island was the project of Rev. Morgan 
Edwards, tlie pastor of the First Baptist church in 
Philadelphia. Rev. (afterwards President) James 
Manning was sent to Newport to see what interest 
could be awakened among the Baptists of that 
flourishing town in carrying out the proposed 
plan. Meeting with sufficient encouragement to 
commence operations, Mr. Manning took up his 



residence in AYarren, R. I., became pastor of the 
Baptist church in that place, and in September, 
1765, was elected president of the infant college, to 
which was given the name " Rhode Island College." 
The first commencement was celebrated at Warren, 
Sept. 7, 1769, at which time seven young men took 
the degree of Bachelor of Arts. On the 7th of Feb- 
ruary, 1770, the corporation voted that the college 
should be removed to Providence, this town having 
offered a subscription of £4280 as an inducement 
for the institution permanently to locate itself there. 
At the time of its establishment there were but four 
denominations of Christians in the colony. With 
a liberal spirit, which shows the generous character 
of the founders of the college, it was decided that 
each of these denominations should be represented 
in the corporation. There were incorporated 36 
trustees, 22 of whom, liy the charter, are to be 
forever Baptists, 5 to be of the denomination called 
Friends or Quakers, 4 Congregationalists, and 5 
Episcopalians. There is incorporated also another 
branch in the corporation, known as " the Fellows." 
This branch of the government consists of 12 mem- 
bers, including the president, "8 of whom are to 
be Baptists, and the rest indefinitely of any or all 
denominations." It is required that the president 
shall be a Baptist. The other members of the 
faculty may be of other denominations. The char- 
ter contains the following noteworthy provision : 
" Into this liberal and catholic institution shall 
never be admitted any religious tests. But, on the 
contrary, all the members hereof shall forever enjoy 
full, free, absolute, and uninterrupted liberty of 
conscience; and that the places of professors, tutors, 
and all other officers, the president alone excepted, 
shall be free and open for all denominations of 
Protestants [Brown University is a Baptist insti- 
tution, and all its instructors should be Baptists. — 
Editor] ; and that youth of all religious denomina- 
tions shall and may be admitted to the equal ad- 
vantages, emoluments, and honors of the college or 
university ; and that the public teaching shall, in 
general, respect the sciences ; and that the sectarian 
differences shall not make any part of the public 
and classical instruction." The name of "Rhode 
Island College" was changed to " Brown Univer- 
sity" in honor of its generous benefactor, Hon. 
Nicholas Brown, the change having been made by 
an act of the corporation. passed Sept. 6, 1804. The 
university has had seven presidents. Its first was 
the founder of the college, Rev. James Manning, 
D.D., of Nassau Hall College, Princeton, who en- 
tered upon the duties of his office September, 1765, 
and continued in the same until his death, July 29, 
1791. His successor was Rev. Jonathan Maxcy, 
D.D., of the class of 1787, elected in 1797, and re- 
signed in 1802. Subsequently he was president 
of Union College, and afterwards of South Carolina 




BROWN UNIVERSITY. 



BROWNFIELD 



154 



BROYLES 



College, and died in 1820. The president at that 
time was Rev. A.sa Messer, D.D., LL.D., of the 
class of 1790, who was elected in 1804, and re- 
signed in 1826. He died in 1836. He was suc- 
ceeded by Rev. Francis AVaylaiid, D.D., LL.D., a 
graduate of Union College of the class of 1813 ; 
elected, 1827; resigned, 1855; died, 1865. The 
next president was Rev. Barnas Sears, D.D., LL.D., 
of the class of 1825, Avho was elected 1825, and re- 
signed 1867. He died July 6, 1880. He was suc- 
ceeded by Rev. Alexis Caswell, D.D., LL.D., of the 
class of 1822, who was elected 1868, and resigned 
1872. He died in 1877. The present incumbent 
of the office, Rev. Ezekiel Oilman Robinson, D.D., 
LL.D., of the class of 1838, was elected in 1872. 
According to the recently published general cata- 
logue (1880) the whole number of graduates of the 
college, including those who have received honorary 
degrees, is 3494, of which number 1758 are living. 
The whole number of alumni is 2932, of whom 
1614 are now living. The whole number of minis- 
ters who have been educated ac Brown University 
is 733, of whom 388 are now living; 562 persons 
have received honorary degrees from the university, 
of whom 144 are now living. The whole amount of 
the funds of the university, not including the grounds 
and the older college buildings, is $825,445.93. The 
average number of students is about 275. 

Brownfield, Rev. William, was born in 1773, 

and in early life was converted and called into the 
ministry. He was pastor of the churches at Smith- 
field and Uniontown, Pa., where his labors were 
chiefly expended, and was instrumental in organ- 
izing a church in Stewartstown. Following the 
apostolic example of many of our fathers in the 
ministry, he traveled extensively, and preached 
■wherever he went. Several counties of Pennsyl- 
vania, and parts of West Virginia and Ohio, heard 
from him the blessed gospel. He was a sound divine, 
an able preacher, and a fearless advocate of the truth. 
His efforts were extensively blessed. He died Jan. 
18, 1859, after being a preacher sixty-five years. 

Browning-, Francis P.— As early as 1826, 
■when as yet there had been no Baptist meetings in 
Detroit, Mr. Browning, from England, a young 
merchant in the city, had, as a faithful church mem- 
ber, connected himself with the Baptists at Pon- 
tiac. The next year he entered into the organiza- 
tion of the church in Detroit, and became its leading 
spirit until his death from cholera, in 1834. He 
was of superior intelligence and great Ciiristian en- 
terprise. He made the wants of Detroit known 
throughout the country. He led the social meet- 
ings and the Sabbath worship; secured, largely at 
his own cost, the erection of the first small chapel, 
and the second commodious brick edifice ; superin- 
tended the Sunday-school ; performed deacon's 
duties, and made them include all pastoral work; 



and led the little society in its Christian career. 
He fell under the stroke of the pestilence as he 
was hastening to and fro through the wasted and 
frightened city ministering to others. Noble first 
standard-bearer of our cause in the metropolis of 
the State. 

Broyles, Rev. Moses, was born about 1826, on 
the Eastern Shore of Maryland. After some 
changes in his situation he became the property 
of a planter named Broyles, who, in 1831, moved 
from Tennessee to Kentucky. When a lad he was 
so faithful and kind that the children of his master 
were often left in his care. Gradually, also, he 
began to be intrusted with the affairs of the farm. 
When he was about fourteen years- old his master 
told him that if he would continue a good boy he 
should have his freedom in 1854. In 1851 he pro- 
posed to buy the rest of his time, and the bargain 
was made. After a few months he bought a horse 
and then a dray, and so made money more rapidly, 
and soon paid the price of his freedom. He had 
cultivated a decided taste for history, having learned 
to read. He read the Old Testament through twice, 
and the New five times; he then turned his atten- 
tion to such works as the History of the United 
States, the Lives of Washington and Marion, A. 
Campboirs writings, Barnes's " Notes," Benedict's 
" History of the Baptists," etc. Having learned 
of the institution at College Hill, Jefferson County, 
he came there in 1854. He remained in it nearly 
three years. He gave his principal attention to 
science, Latin, and Greek. "That school, even if 
it had done nothing more, justified its claim to rec- 
ognition by the successful education of Rev. Moses 
Broyles, the leader of the colored Baptists of In- 
diana." He was converted in his seventeenth 
year. At that time there was active agitation in 
Kentucky upon "mission" and "anti-mission" 
questions, and also about the doctrines set forth 
by Alexander Campbell. Mr. Broyles joined Mr. 
Campbell's sect. When he went to Paducah he 
united with the Baptists, and helped to build the 
first colored Baptist meeting-house in that place. 
There was a great effort made to persuade him to 
remain with the Campbellists, but he had can- 
va.ssed the whole matter, and he must be a Baptist. 

In 1857 he ■went to Indianapolis and began 
teaching school. He soon commenced to preach 
for the Second church. He was ordained Nov. 21, 
1857. Tiie church rapidly increased in numbers. 
'J'he church has a house and lot which cost $25,000 ; 
it is the mother of six colored churches organized 
since 1866. Since 1857 it has sent 21 men into the 
ministry. When Mr. Broyles came to Indianapolis 
there was no Association of the colored Baptists 
of the State. Chiefly through his energy and fore- 
sight and fidelity the Indiana Association has now 
(statistics of 1877) 53 churches and 3482 members. 



BRYAN 



BVCHAXAN 



The church of which Mr. Broyles is pastor has 645 
ineinbers. 

Bryan, Rev. Andrew, coiored, the first pastor 
of the First colored church of Savannah. The 
church was organized by Rev. Abraham Mar.shall, 
of Kiokee, in 1788, and Andrew Bryan continued 
its pastor until his death, in October, 1812. He 
stood exceedingly high in public estimation, and 
brought great numbers into his church. When he 
■was young he was persecuted for preaching ; but 
when he died the Sanbury Association adopted a 
complimentary resolution of regret concerning him, 
and the white Baptist and Presbyterian ministers 
of Savannah delivered addresses in his honor. 

Bryan, Hon. Nathan, a man of reputation, 
piety, and wealth, was born in Jones Co., N. C. ; 
was baptized when eighteen by Rev. Jlr. McDaniel, 
and represented his county in the General Assem- 
bly. In 1794 he was elected to Congress from the 
Newbern district. lie died in 1798, and was 
buried in the yard of a Baptist church, probably 
■old Sansom Street, in Philadelphia. 

Bryant, Rev. Daniel, one of the pioneers 

among Ohio Baptists, was born in New Jersey in 
the year 1800. At the age of twenty-one he was 
•jonverted, and united with the Baptist church at 
Lyons, N. Y. In the year 1824, having removed to 
Oiiio, he was ordained by the Mill Creek church. 
For more than fifty years he devoted himself to the 
building up of the cause of Christ in Southern 
Ohio. In the face of great opposition he was the 
friend of missions and ministerial education. 
When in 1836 the old Miami Association excluded 
the churches of Cincinnati, Middletown, Lebanon, 
and Dayton for sympathy with missions. Father 
Bryant went cheerfully with the minority. He 
■was liberal in giving, steadfast in his convictions, 
simple in his life. His labors were abundant, and 
often attended with hardship. He died in the year 
187-5, with the hai-ness on, having been stricken 
down in the pulpit while preaching, only a few 
hours before he passed away. He was a favorite 
with both old and young, and will be long remem- 
bered as one of the sainted few who laid the foun- 
dations of Baptist churches in Ohio, and for many 
years preached in faithful simplicity the Word of 
life. 

Bryee, Rev, John, was born of Scotch parents 
in Goochland Co., Va., May 31, 1784. His parents 
were strict churchmen, and he was confirmed in the 
Episcopal Church. Under the preaching of the 
celebrated Andrew Broadus, at the age of twenty- 
one, he was convicted of sin, was converted, and 
united with a small Baptist church in his native 
county. About the same period he was admitted 
to the bar. He soon began to exhort sinners to 
repcMit, and in the course of two or three years was 
or.lalned. For a considerable period he practiced 



law and preached the gospel in Riciuiiond and 
Lynchburg. He was master in chancery some years 
under Chief Justice Marshall. In 1810 he was 
chosen assistant pastor of the First Baptist church 
in Richmond, the aged and infirm Rev. John 
Courtney being the nominal pastor, lie remained 
in this position (except during a brief period in 
which Rev. Andrew Broadus filled it) until 1S2^J. 
He was one j-ear chaplain in tlie U. S. aniiy, 
during the war of 1812-1.5. In 1822 he accepted 
a call to the pastorate of the church at Fredericks- 
burg, Va. After preaching there two years he be- 
came pastor of a church in Alexandria, Va., where 
he remained one year, and then returned to Fred- 
ericksburg. 

Mr. Bryce was one of the principal movers in the 
erection of Columbian College. He was also an ac- 
tive member of the American Colonization Society, 
and at one time liberated about 40 of his own slaves 
and sent them to Liberia. In 1827 he moved to 
Georgetown, Ky., where he established himself in 
the practice of law, and took a prominent part in 
the political affairs of the State, as well as in the 
establishment of Georgetown College. In 1832 he 
located in Crawfordsville, Ind. Here he remained 
ten years, preaching and practicing law, and rep- 
resenting his county in the State Legislature at 
least one term. In 1844 he was appointed sur- 
veyor of Shreveport, La. This was pending tb'- 
annexation of Texas to the United States, and Mr. 
Bryce is supposed to have been President Tyler's 
confidential agent in that important affair. After 
his term of ofiice expired he was elected mayor of 
Shreveport. While here he performed the most 
important work of his life in the ministry. AVhen 
he arrived at Shreveport, in 1844, he supposed 
there was not a Baptist church or another Baptist 
preacher within 200 miles of him; when he left 
there in 1851 there were about 20 churches and 
two Associations in that region. He was instru- 
mental in accomplishing this gi'eat work while the 
ground was contested by Bishop Polk. In 1851, 
Mr. Bryce returned to Kentucky, and the next 
year took charge of the Baptist church in Hender- 
son, in that State. Here he spent the evening of a 
long and eventful life. He died July 26, 1864. 

Buchanan, James, was born at Ringoes, N. J., 
June 17, 1839; studied at the Clinton Academy; 
entered the law-office of John T. Bird, Esq., in 
1860 ; attended the law school at Albany, and was 
admitted to the bar in the foil of 1864. He wa- 
reading clerk in the Assembly in 1866, and was 
appointed law judge of Mercer County in 1874. 
The university in Lewisburg conferred upon him 
the honorary degree of A.M. in 1875. 

He and his brother Joseph joined the Cherry- 
ville Baptist church on the same day in March, 
1865. Judge Buchanan has identified himself fully 



BUCHANAN 



BUCK 



with the cause of God, and stands in the fore front 
of pastors' helpers in Trenton, where he resides. 
On the death of Hon. D. M. Wilson, in 1873, Judge 
Buchanan was heartily chosen to the presidency 



and some of them, more than once, by fire-light, 
besides such histories and scientific works as lie 
could procui-e from a public library of which his 
father was a share-holder. His thirst for knowledge 




JUDGE .lAJIES HUrHAN'AN. 

of the New Jersey Baptist State Convention, and 
has been annually re-elected. In associational, 
benevolent, and educational interests he is fre- 
quently called upon, and is always ready with his 
voice and influence. 

Buchanan, Joseph C, was born at Ringoes, 
N. J.. :March 27, 1841. He entered the Sophomore 
class of Madison University in October, 1863, and 
graduated in 1866, taking the degree of A.M. in 
course three years later. Was ordained pastor of the 
church at Scotch Plains, N. J., Oct. 1, 1867. He 
labored there until Sept. 1, 1878. During his min- 
istry there a fine meeting-house was built, at a cost 
of $34,000. In September, 1878, Mr. Buchanan 
became pastor of the church at Pemberton. He 
is a good theologian, a thoughtful preacher, and 
has been prospered in winning souls. 

Buck, Rev. William Calmes, son of Charles 
Buck and Mary Richardson, was born Aug. 23, 1790, 
in Shenandoah (now Warren) Co., Va. His father 
was a farmer in good circumstances, and gave him 
such advantages as were common in those days, 
which did not satisfy his desires for a thorough 
education. He told his father that he would re- 
linquish all claim on his estate if he would send 
him off to a good school for one year, but his father 
was not willing to make any distinction as to edu- 
cation among his children. While a boy he read 
all the volumes of the "British Encyclopaedia," 



was so great that he continued to improve himself, 
until in middle age he acquired such an acquaint- 
ance with the Greek and Hebrew languages as 
enabled him to read the Scriptures in those lan- 
guages with pleasure. For some years he was 
occupied in farming, which he relinquished to give 
himself entirely to the Christian ministry, and 
joined the Water Lick Baptist church, Va., in his 
seventeenth year. Commenced public speaking 
soon after, but was not ordained till 1812. He 
then became pastor of the church of which he was 
a member. AVas a lieutenant in the U. S. army 
during the war of 1812. Moved to Union Co., Ky., 
in 1820. where he had the care of several churches, 
and resided for a short time in Woodford County. 
During all these years his time was filled with most 
laborious missionary work. Moved to Louisville 
in 1836 and assumed the pastorate of the First 
church : he soon resigned the care of it, and, with 
a few others, formed the East church, to which he 
furnished a house and preached until it was al>le 
to sustain itself. Was editor of the Baptist Banner 
and Western Pioneer during most of his residence 
in Louisville. Was elected secretary of the Bible 
Board of the Southern Baptist Convention at Nash- 
ville, Tenn., May, 1851, in which position he con- 
tinued until called to the pastorate of the Baptist 
church, Columbus, Miss., March, 1854; continued in 
this position till May, 1857, when he accepted a call 



nUCKBEE 



to the Greenborough church, Ala. The next year, 
1858, he served the church at Selma, Ala. In the 
fall of 1859, having moved to Marion, Ala., he com- 
menced the publication of The Baptist Correspond- 
ent, but after two years it was suspended by the 
events of the war, and he went to the Confederate 
army as a missionary, laboring wherever he thought 
he could be most useful. In 1864 he located at 
Lauderdale Springs, Miss., as superintendent of 
the Orphans' Home, and also had the care of the 
Sharon church, Noxubee Co., Miss., till he removed 
to Texas, in 1866. He had not the care of any 
church in Texas, but continued to labor for the 
Master by word and pen so long as his health per- 
mitted. Died at Waco, Texas, May 18, 1872. He 
was an earnest worker in all enterprises of the 
denomination. Gifted by nature with a ringing, 
powerful voice, fluent speech, and a retentive mem- 
ory, he was unsurpassed as a platform speaker. He 
was often elected a vice-president of the Southern 
Baptist Convention. He prepared and published 
" The Baptist Hymn-Book," " The Philosophy of 
Religion," and " The Science of Life." 




CHARLES ALVA II BUCKBEE, D.D. 

Buckbee, Charles Alvah, D.D., was bom in 

Penn Yan, N. Y., April 3, 1824. In 1835 his parents 
moved to New York City. He was converted in 
1837, and joined a Methodist class. In 1839 he 
united w^ith the Tabernacle Baptist church, and soon 
after devoted himself to the ministry, entering Madi- 
son University in May, 1840, and graduating in Aug- 
ust, 1848. Settled as pastor at Conway, Mass., Oct. 
6, 1848 ; was blessed with two revivals and bap- 
tized many converts. In March, 1851, he resigned ; 



157 nC'CKNEJi 

moved to New York ; was associate editor of the 
New York Chronicle, and in June, 1852, entered 
the service of the American Bible Union, in which 
he remained as an officer and manager seventeen 
years. He was one of the editors of the first vol- 
umes of its " Documentary History," the Bible 
Union Monthly, and the Quarterly. In 1867 he 
visited the Pacific coast as a special delegate of 
the Union, and held two public debates on revision 
of the English Scriptures. The debates were pub- 
lished and widely circulated. During his connec- 
tion with the Union he established the Baptist 
church in West Hoboken, N. J. ; was its pastor 
nearly ten years, and immersed nearly 150 con- 
verts into its fellowship. In June, 1869, he settled 
permanently in San Francisco, Cal. ; was neai-ly 
three years pastor of the Fifth church, which he 
organized, and into whose membership he baptized 
nearly 100 converts. He edited, for five years, The 
Evangel, and continues in the conduct of its Sun- 
day-school department. In all Baptist organiza- 
tions he has been active, as secretary of the State 
Convention, president one year of the Board of 
California College, and member of the Missionary 
Board of California. In 1879 he received from 
California College the degree of D.D. In 1870 he 
accepted a position in the U. S. Mint, which he 
still holds, and though not a pastor, preaches to 
feeble churches nearly every Lord's day. During 
his ministry he has helped pastors in many revi- 
vals and baptized about 400 converts. He is one 
of the most laborious men in the Baptist ministry 
of the Pacific coast. 

Buckner College is a new institution located 
at Wicherville, in the northeastern part of Arkan- 
sas, in charge of Rev. E. L. Compere. It is under 
the patronage of the Baptist General Association 
of Northwestern Arkansas. The collegiate depart- 
ment was opened in September, 1880. 

Buckner, Rev. Xerxes Xavier, A.M.— This 
excellent minister of Christ was born in Spencer 
Co., Ky., Feb. 20, 1828. He was converted at the 
age of nineteen years, and united with the Plumb 
Creek Baptist church in his native county. He 
graduated at Georgetown College, Ky., and was 
ordained in the church where he was converted, 
and labored with great acceptance for years at 
Taylorsville and Fisherville. In 1855 he removed 
to Missouri, and was pastor of the Baptist church 
in that educational centre, and aided in establish- 
ing the school now known as Stephen College. In 
I860 he located as pastor in Boonville, Mo. From 
over-exertion in church and school work his health 
failed, and he removed to Kansas City, Mo., where 
he engaged as pastor at West Port, and performed 
evangelistic work for one year ; then he removed 
to Liberty, Mo., and became pastor of the Baptist 
church and president of the Female Seminary 



BUCKNEE 



158 



BULKLEY 



The second year he resigned the pastorate but 
retained the school, and at the end of the third 
year he returned to Kansas City, where he lived 
till June 19, 1872, when he died. For years he 
was trustee of William Jewell College and presi- 
dent of the Board of Ministerial Education. He 
was presiding of&cer at the last General Associa- 
tion he attended. He was elected a member of 
the Board of Public Schools in Kansas City, and 
the presidency of the Kansas City National Bank 
was literally forced upon him. As a minister of 
Christ, a peace-maker in our last war, a public-spir- 
ited citizen, an humble Christian, Brother Buckner 
has few equals ; and no spot dims his bright char- 
acter. 

Buckner, Rev. Kobert C, was born in Madi- 

sonville, Tenn., Jan. 3, 1837 ; educated in George- 
town College, Ky. ; professed religion October, 




REV. ROBERT C. BUCKNER. 

1844, and commenced his ministry at Somerset, 
Ky., in 1852; was pastor at Albany, Owensborough, 
Salvisa, Kv., and Paris, Texas, twenty-seven years 
in all. He v/as the first agent in Kentucky of the 
Home Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Con- 
vention ; was twelve years moderator of Red River 
Association, Texas ; is now general superintendent 
of Orphan Home work in Texas, president of the 
Sunday-School Convention of Northern Texas, and 
corresponding secretary of the Texas Baptist Gen- 
eral Association. He is editor and proprietor, at 
this time, of the Texas Baptist, published at Dallas. 
He is also proprietor of the Texas Baptist Publish- 
ing House, which is in a flourishing condition. 
Buel, Rev. Abel P., was bom in Wallingford, 



Conn., Nov. 29, 1820; converted and baptized at 
New Haven, Conn., in April, 1836 ; studied at Con- 
necticut Literary Institution ; entered Yale College 
in 1843, and remained till 1846 ; received the de- 
gree of A.M. from Rochester University ; ordained 
at Peekskill, N. Y., 1846, and served about three 
years; pastor of Baptist church in Tarrytown, 
N. Y., about nine years ; afterwards settled in New 
London and Southington, Conn. ; was blessed with 
revivals in his pastorates ; fervent in spirit, earnest 
in work, eloquent in speech ; an easy and graceful 
writer ; withal a poet whose productions have 
merit ; now in Cleveland, 0. 

Buist, Rev. James F., was born Sept. 29, 
1839, in Charleston, S. C. His parents died when 
he was eight years of age, but his uncle, E. T. 
Buist, D.D., took him in charge. He was educated 
at Furman University. Ho was baptized in 1859, 
and ordained in 1860. 

During the war he was a chaplain in the army, 
and since its termination he has been pastor of the 
Philadelphia and Saltkehatchie churches. He has 
been moderator of the Barnwell Association for 
several years. 

His father and uncle were distinguished Presby- 
terian ministers, one of his brothers is a pastor in 
the same denomination, while another and himself 
are in the oldest church in Christendom, to whose 
members Clirist preached when he was on earth. 

The long pastorates of James, and the frequency 
of his election as moderator of the Association, show 
the esteem of his brethren for him. 

Bulkley, Justin, D.D.— Dr. Bulkley, Professor 
of Church History and Church Polity at Shurtleff 
College, was born at Leicester, Livingston Co., 
N. Y., July 23, 1819. His father, an industrious 
farmer, and a man of high character, removed 
subsequently to Illinois, and died at Barry, July 
24, 1859, his wife surviving him only a few years. 
The son was seventeen years of age at the date of 
this removal to Illinois. At the age of twenty- 
three he entered the preparatory department of 
Shurtleff College, his education until that time 
being such as the imperfect school system in Cen- 
tral Illinois then afforded. He graduated in 1847. 
His first post of service was that of principal of 
the preparatory department in his college, to which 
he was chosen immediately upon his graduation. 
Two years later, in February, 1849, he was or- 
dained pastor of the Baptist church in Jerseyville. 
After four years of unusually successful service in 
this pastorate, he was elected Professor of Mathe- 
matics in Shurtleff College, resigning that position 
in 1855, and becoming pastor of the church in 
Carrollton. After nine years at CarroUton he re- 
turned to Upper Alton, the seat of Shurtleff Col- 
lege, and at the end of a year accepted the post in 
the college which he now fills. 



BULLE.V 



BUN Y AN 



Dr. Bulkley's service in the several positions he 
has held has been one of marked usefulness. As 
a preacher, he has a peculiar povt-er over the sym- 
pathies as well as the convictions of his hearers. 
As a pastor, his excellent judgment, his kind spirit, 
his sympathetic nature, make him the trusted friend 
no less than the honored leader and teacher. As a 
professor, he has always gained in a peculiar de- 
gree the confidence and affection of his pupils, 
while his teaching has been thorough, critical, and 
exact. The estimation in which ho is held by the 
denomination in the State is shown by his election 
during successive years as moderator of the Gen- 
eral Association, and in the fact that since the year 
1851 the often delicate and important service of 
chairman of the Committee on Elections in the 
General Association has, year by year, been com- 
mitted to him. 

Bullen, George, D.D., was born in New Sharon, 
Me. He graduated at Waterville College in the 
class of 1855, and at the Newton Theological In- 
stitution in the class of 1858. He was ordained as 
pastor of the church in Skowhegan, Me., June 13, 
1860, where he remained until, in 1863, he accepted 
an appointment as chaplain in a regiment of U. S. 
volunteers. He ministered to the Wakefield Bap- 
tist church, 1864-67, and entered upon his duties 
as pastor of the church in Pavvtucket, R. I., in 
1868, and continues in this relation at this time. 
Colby University has just conferred on him the 
degree of Doctor of Divinity. 

Bunn, Rev. Henry, was born in Nash Co., 
N. C, Dec. 18, 1795. He was left an orphan at an 
early age. He moved in 1817 to Twiggs Co., Ga,, 
where he spent the remainder of his life. By 
steady industry and prudent management he accu- 
mulated a handsome estate, which he shared liber- 
ally with benevolent institutions and good and wise 
schemes for the benefit of his fellow-men. He for 
years acted as justice of the peace and judge of 
the County Court, and between 1825 and 1831 he 
represented his county in several sessions of the 
State General Assembly. He made a public pro- 
fession of religion in 1837, and thenceforth scru- 
pulously practiced all his religious duties. His 
church called him to the gospel ministry in 1851, 
and on the 7th of December in that year he was 
ordained. For several years he was pastor of the 
Richland church ; for many sessions he was mod- 
erator of the Ebenezer Association, and, also, a 
ti-ustee of Mercer University and a member of the 
Executive Committee of the Georgia Baptist Con- 
vention. He was eminently a pacificator by his 
influence and prudent counsels ; he settled or pre- 
vented many troubles among neighbors and in 
churches ; he was scrupulously honest, fair, and 
liberal in all transactions ; many widows and or- 
phans found in liim a fi-iend and a wise counselor. 



In all the relations of life, as husband, father, citi- 
zen, church member, and minister, he illustrated 
the characteristics of a genuine Ciiristian, no blot 
ever stained his fair fame ; yet, looking heaven- 
ward, he felt the power and ruin of sin, and for 
salvation trusted in the merits of Jesus only. He 
passed away peacefully on the morning of Sept. 
23, 1878, in the sixty-first year of his residence in 
Twiggs County, and in the eighty-third year of his 
age. 

Bunyan, Rev. John, was liorn at Elstow, Eng- 
land, about a mile from Bedford, in 1628. His 
father was a man of more intelligence than those 
who generally followed his calling, and he had John 
taught to read and write. When the little boy was 
ten years of age he first became conscious that he 
was very sinful. He speedily shook off these fears. 

He was " drawn out" in 1645, with others, at the 
siege of Leicester to perform sentinel's duty before 
the city, when another member of his company ex- 
pressed a desire to take his place ; the request was 
granted, and that night Bunyan's substitute was 
shot in the head and died. This deliverance pro- 
duced a powerful impression upon Bunyan. 

Soon after he left the army he married, and his 
wife and he were so poor that they had neither a 
"dish nor a spoon." 

His first permanent conviction of sin was pro- 
duced by a sermon denouncing the violation of the 
Lord's day by labor, sports, or otherwise. This 
came home to Bunyan with peculiar force, for his 
greatest enjoyment came from sports on the Lord's 
day. 

A long while after this, Bunyan, in passing 
through the streets of Bedford, heard '• three or 
four poor women,'' sitting at a door, " talking 
about the new birth, the work of God in their 
hearts, and the way by which they were convinced 
of their miserable state by nature. They told how 
God had visited their souls with his love in Christ 
Jesus, and with what words and promises they 
had been refreshed, comforted, and supported 
against the temptations of the devil ; moreover, 
they I'easoned of the suggestions and temptations 
of Satan in particular." From these women Bun- 
yan learned to loathe sin and to hunger for the 
Saviour. He sought their company again and 
again, and he was strengthened to go to Jesus. 
One day, as he was passing into the fields, he says, 
" This sentence fell upon my soul, ' Thy righteous- 
ness is in heaven.' I also saw that it was not my 
good frame of heart that made my righteousness 
better, nor yet my bad frame that made my right- 
eousness worse, for my righteousness was Jesus 
Christ himself, the same yesterday, to-day, and 
forever." Then, as he says, -'his chains fell off," 
and he went home rejoicing. In 1655, Mr. Bun- 
yan was immersed by the Rev. John Gilford, of 



BUNYAN 



161 



BURBANK 



Bedford. The same year he was called to preach 
the gospel. 

Bunyan was arrested Nov. 12, 1660, and he was 
in jail more than twelve years. His imprisonment 
was peculiarly trying. " The parting with my 
wife and poor children," says Bunyan, "hath 
often been to me, in this place (the prison), like 
pulling the flesh from my bones." And of his 
blind daughter he adds, " Poor child, what sorrow 
thou art like to have for thy portion in this world ! 
Thou must be beaten, must beg, suffer hunger, 
cold, nakedness, and a thousand calamities, though 
I cannot now endure the wind should blow upon 
thee." "The Pilgrim's Progress" was written in 
Bedford jail. 

During Bunyan's lifetime there were 100,000 
copies of that book circulated in the British islands, 
besides which there were several editions in North 
America. And in the ten years which Bunyan 
lived, after his wonderful book was first issued, it 
■was translated into French, Flemish, Dutch, Welsh, 
Gaelic, and Irish. Since Bunyan's death it has 
been translated into Hebrew for Christian Jews in 
Jerusalem, and into Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, 
Danish, German, Armenian, Burmese, Singhalese, 
Orissa, Hindostanee, Bengalee, Tamil, Maratthi, 
Canai-ese, Gujaratti, Malay, Arabic, Samoan, Ta- 
hitian, Pihuana, Bechuana, Malagasy, New Zea- 
land, and Latin. This list of translations ends 
with 1847. Since that time it has been rendered 
into several additional tongues of our race. Nor 
will " The Pilgrim's Progres.s" stop in its travels 
until it visits every land occupied by human beings, 
and tells its blessed story in the language of all 
nations. 

There is a French Roman Catholic version of 
" The Pilgrim's Progress," greatly abridged, with 
the head of the Virgin on the title-page. It leaves 
out giant Pope and the statement that Peter was 
afraid of a sorry girl. An English ritualistic cler- 
gyman has tried to adapt it to the sacramental jug- 
glery of his system. Of Bunyan's "Holy War" 
Lord Macaulay says, " If ' The Pilgrim's Progress' 
did not exist it Would be the best allegory that 
ever was written ;" and he proclaims " John Bun- 
yan the most popular religious writer in the English 
language." 

The pai-don which secured Bunyan's release 
from prison was ordered by the Privy Council, 
presided over by the king, May 17, 1672. After 
his liberation he became the most popular preacher 
in England ; 3000 persons gathered to hear him in 
London before breakfast. Men of all ranks and 
of all grades of intelligence listened to his burning 
words, and heralded the fame of his eloquence to 
the king. The learned Dr. John Owen told Charles 
II. that he would relinquish all his learning for 
the tinker's preaching abilities. 



While Bunyan was journeying upon an errand 
of mercy he was exposed to a heavy rain, which 
brought on a violent fever, from the effect of which 
he died in ten days, in London, Aug. 12, 1688. His 
last hours were full of peace. He was buried in 
Bunhill Fields Cemetery, where his monument is 
still seen. 

Bunyan's church, now of the Congregational 
denomination, is still in Bedford. His chair is in 
the meeting-house, and some other relics of the 
immortal dreamer. A few years since the Duke of 
Bedford erected a handsome monument to Bunyan 
in Bedford, on which a statue of the great dreamer 
stands. 

John Bunyan was one of the few men of our race 
who possessed genius of the highest order. 

Burbank, Gideon "Webster, was born at Deer- 
field, N. H., May 24, 1803, and died at Rochester, 
N. Y., March 4, 1873. His father, when Gideon 
was eighteen years of age, removed to New York 
City, and gave him a business education. Here the 
son remained for several years as a clerk in a dry 
goods house. The ftxther went to North Carolina, 
and became a successful merchant. Upon his death 
the son went for a time to that State to settle his 
father's affairs. On his return to New York he 
decided to go into business for himself, and in 
1824 fixed upon Kendall, Orleans Co., as his future 
home. The region was then just emerging from a 
wilderness, but he foresaw the opportunity opening 
there for a man of nerve and enterprise, and em- 
bracing it, he prospered with the growth of the 
country. At length he found a better field for his 
capacities in Rochester, the rising city of West- 
ern New York, and in 1839 he removed there to 
manufacture flour, for which that city is so cele- 
brated. Here, honored by all men, he lived, illus- 
trating the virtues of a Christian character to the 
age of threescore and ten. He was a member of 
the First Baptist church of that city. 

His interest in education was shown by the gift 
of §20.000 towards the endowment of the professor- 
ship of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy which 
bears his name in the University of Rochester. 
This gift was supplemented by one from his son- 
in-law, Mr. Lewis Roberts, a member of the board 
of trustees of the university, and a liberal donor 
to its later funds. This donation to the young in- 
stitution did more probably than any sum of double 
the amount since to create confidence in the per- 
manent success of the enterprise. He will always 
have a distinguished place among the founders of 
the university, and the citizens of Rochester, among 
whom his memory is warmly cherished. 

Burbailk, Rev. John F., was bom in Standish, 
Me., in 1812. but spent most of his youth in Port- 
land. Immediately on his conversion he decided to 
enter the Christian ministry. He spent three years 



BUR CHARD 



BURCHETT 



in Waterville C6lle!^-e, and graduated at Columbian 
College, Washington, D. C. He took the full three 
years' course at Newton, and was ordained pastor 
of the church in Taunton, Mass., where he continued 
for a year, and then settled at AVebster, Mass. He 
found that his health would not permit him to ex- 
orcise his calling, and, having purchased a farm 
near Worcester, he retired to it to recruit his fail- 
ing strength. Here he resided, preaching as he 
felt able, and trying to make his life a useful one in 
the cause of his Master. He was much respected 
by his fellow-citizens, filling several offices of honor 
and trust, and among them at one time that of presi- 
dent of the Common Council of the city of Wor- 
cester. He died Nov. 15, 18.53. 

Burchard, Hon. Charles A., late of Beaver 
Dam, Wis., was born in Leyden, Lewis Co., N. Y. 
In his early years he engaged in agricultural pur- 
suits in his native State. When quite young he 
obtained a hope in Christ and united with the Bap- 
tist church. He took a deep interest in the estab- 
lishment of the Literary and Theological Listitution 
at Hamilton, and made a canvass of the Baptist 
churches in New York and Vermont to raise funds 
for its support. In 1845 he removed with his 
family to Waukesha, Wis. Here he cultivated a 
ftirm. In 1855, Mr. Burchard moved with his 
family to Beaver Dam, which has since been the 
family home. He was in the first Territorial Con- 
vention, which met in 1846 to form a State consti- 
tution. He has served his district for several ses- 
sions in the State Legislature. During the civil 
war he was a government commissioner, having the 
oversight of the raising and forwai'ding of troops. 
In 1847 he was elected president of the Wisconsin 
Baptist State Convention, to which position he was 
re-elected for five successive years. He was for 
many years a useful member of the board of Way- 
land Academy. In all the early history of the 
Baptists in the State he was a prominent actor. 
He was a man of strong convictions, a decided 
Baptist, a warm friend of ministers of the gospel^ 
the uncompromising enemy of all wrong and fraud. 
'He died in 1879, in the trust and triumph of the 
gospel of Christ. 

Burchard, Hon. Seneca B., was born at Granby, 
Mass., Oct. 7, 1790. At seventeen he was converted, 
and united with the Baptist church of that place. 
He came to Hamilton, N. Y., in 1825, where he 
united with the Baptist church, and identified him- 
self with the institutions of learning in that place. 

In 1826 he became a member of the executive 
committee, also treasurer, steward, and agent. In 
1834 he was the building agent for the erection of 
East College. He continued treasurer for twelve 
years, a member of the Education Board f )r thirty- 
nine years, president of said boai-d seven years, and 
twenty-five years vice-president. 



In 1846, the date of the charter of Madison Uni- 
versity, he was made by the Legislature one of the 
original corporators, and was elected vice-president. 
He died at Hamilton, February, 1861, at about 
seventy-one years of age, his mind still strong and 
vigorous, and his faith in God and the educational 
enterprise at Hamilton unyielding. He was one 
of those stalwart men whom, in those early times, 
Dr. N. Kendrick drew around him when he was 
the energizing .spirit at Hamilton. 

Deacon Burchard was no ordinary man. He was 
massive and solid in every direction. He could 
endure great physical exertion as well as mental 
strain. Not easily discouraged or thwarted in his 
plans, slow in deliberation, wise in counsel, prompt 
in execution, when he had received an appointment 
he did not rest till he was sure of its accomplish- 
ment. As a member of the State Legislature, as a 
citizen, as a church member and deacon, as treas- 
urer, executive officer, counselor on th(; board, he 
was highly respected, honored, and trusted till the 
end of his life. 

To the close of his life he was a remarkably dili- 
gent student of the Scriptures. He either taught 
a Bible-class or was a member of one till near the 
eternal rest, and he used to tell how the Bible, as 
he re-read it, kept opening its truths to his heart. 

Burchard, Theodore. — Mr. Theodore Burchard, 
who died at Lacon, 111., Dec. 9, 1868, at the age of 
seventy-four, was a native of Granby, Mass. In 
early life he removed to Oneida County, in the 
State of New York, and from that place, later, to 
Hamilton, where he resided some twenty years, an 
active member of the church, and, like his two 
brothei-s, also residents of Hamilton, interested in 
all denominational enterprises. In 1854 he re- 
moved to Quincy, 111., where he became a member 
of the Vermont Street Baptist church. During the 
last four years of his life he resided mostly at La- 
con, where he died. His remains were taken to 
Hamilton for burial, where his wife and his two 
brothers also lie. " Father Burchard," writes one 
who knew him well, "was manly and noljle in his 
bearing, tall, standing considerably over six feet, 
and every inch a Baptist. Strong in his convictions 
of truth and duty, strong in faith, there was no 
compromise of en-or in his nature." 

Burchett, Rev. G. J., president of McMinnville 
College. Oregon, was born in Lee Co., Va., Nov. 15, 
1847. In 1867, at Austin, Mo., he was converted 
and baptized. Impressed with the duty of preach- 
ing, he studied, and graduated at William Jewell 
College in 1874 ; was ordained ; spent two years 
at Chicngo, taking a course of lectures in theology ; 
supplied some small churches, and held revival 
meetings during vacations. In 1876 he went to 
Califoi-nia, organized the Reeds church ; preached 
a few months at Reeds, Wheatland, and Marysville. 



BURDFATE 



BURLESON 



In 1877 moved to Astoria, Oregon, built a house of 
■worsliip for the church there, and in 1S78 was 
elected president of McMinnville. His, energy, 




REV. G. J. BURCHETT. 

enthusiasm, and ability have inspired the Baptists 
of Oregon to united and vigoi'ous efforts on behalf 
of the college. He is a fine speaker and scholar, 
and a magnetic teacher. 

Burdette, Robert J., was born at Greens- 
borough, Pa., July 30. 1844. In 1852 he removed 
with his parents to Peoria, 111. In 1862 he en- 
listed in the 47th Regiment of 111. Vols. He 
served through the war, taking part in the battle 
of Corinth, the siege of Vicksburg, and the Red 
River Expedition. In 1870 he became editor of 
the Peoria Transcript, and subsequently of the 
Peoria Reciew. In 1874 he took charge of the 
Burlington (Iowa) Haiokeye, with which his name 
has ever since been associated, and to which he 
has imparted a' world-wide reputation. He has 
attained a high position as a humorist, as an edi- 
tor, and as a lecturer. His humor is always of 
tlie purest morality, and is subservient to the best 
and loftiest purposes. He is a member of the Bur- 
lington Baptist church, and he is an efficient, ac- 
<-(>ptable, and valued teacher in the Bible school. 

Burk, Rev. B. J., pastor in ^Mobile for sixteen 
years over a large church, a man of positive char- 
acter, a sterling Baptist, holding his church to '' old 
land-mark" principles ; liberally educated, a good 
preacher, he wields a powerful influence among 
colored Baptists. 

Burkitt, Rev. Lemuel, the historian of the 
Kehukee Association, was baptized by Rev. Henry 



Abbot into the fellowship of Yeopim Baptist church 
in July, 1771. A good and useful man, and worthy 
to be held in perpetual remembrance. 

Burleigh, Rev. Lucian, son of Deacon Rinalde 
and Lydia (B.) Burleigh, was born in Plainfield, 
Conn.,Dec. 3, 1817; brought up a Congregationalist; 
educated in the public school, the Plainfield Acad- 
emy, and the Connecticut Literary Institution at 
Sufifield ; chose the profession of teaching; was 
converted at the age of twenty; baptized by Rev. 
Smith Lyon ; united with the Baptist church in 
North Oxford, Mass., where he was then teaching ; 
removed to Packersville, Conn., where he was or- 
dained as an evangelist ; taught and preached in 
South and North Killingly, and North Granby, 
where he was principal of Green Academy ; soon 
after 1840 began his large and effective labors in 
the Temperance Reform, which he advocated widely 
throughout the country ; he wrote with a masterly 
pen ; in 1849 he was agent of the American Asso- 
ciation for the Suppression of Gambling; made a 
temperance campaign in Wisconsin, filling 70 ap- 
pointments in 36 days; did the like in the State 
of New York ; preached in the mean time ; by re- 
quest returned, and became principal of the Plain- 
field Academy, and served five years ; supplied also 
destitute churches; taught the high school in Cen- 
tral Tillage; settled as pastor of the South Centre 
Baptist church in Ashford, Conn, (now Warren- 
ville) ; then served for thirteen years as agent of 
the Connecticut Temperance Union ; his discourses 
and poems have won an extensiye reputation ; is 
now preaching and lecturing. 

Burleson, Richard Byrd, LL.D., son of Jona- 
than Burleson, was born near Decatur, Ala., and 
died at Waco, Dec. 21, 1879. In 1839 he was con- 
verted, and three days after was baptized by Rev. 
William II. Holcombe. In 1840 he entered Nash- 
ville University, and remained three years. During 
the pastorate of Dr. R. B. C. Howell he was li- 
censed to preach by the First Baptist church of 
Nashville in 1841. He was called to ordination by 
the church at Athens, Ala., November, 1842, and 
was the pastor of that church for two years. In 
1845 he accepted the call of the Baptist church in 
Tuscumbia, and remained their pastor four years. 

In 1849 he was made president of Moulton Fe- 
male Institute, and held that position about six 
years. In December, 1855, he removed to Texas, 
and became, in 1856, pastor of the Austin church, 
conducting at the same time a female school. In 
1857 he was chosen Professor of Natural Science 
in Baylor University. In 1861 he was elected vice- 
president of Waco University, and Professor of 
Natural Science in that institution. As a student 
in theology, geology, botany, and astronomy he 
had no superior, and probably no equal, in Texas. 
Governor Richard Coke, knowing his eminence, 



BURLESON 



164 



BURLESON 



gave him an appointment for the j;;eological survey 
of Texas ; but he resigned this position after one 
year's service, as it conflicted with his life work of 
founding a great Baptist university for Texas. As 
a teacher, thousands can testify that his zeal and 
ability were never surpassed. Neither private in- 
terest nor bodily pains ever detained him from the 
post of duty for twenty-three years. He con- 
tributed largely to the great success of Baylor and 
Waco Universities; to the latter of which he gave 
eighteen years of toil and sacrifice, and intense 
anxiety for its firm establishment. 

He was a preacher of distinguished ability, and 
a teacher eminently qualified for his work. His 
piety was ardent, his life was holy, and his death 
was blessed. The hymn which was sung several 
times at his request, at his expiring couch, showed 
the character of his dying exercises : 

" How firm a foundation, ye saints of the Lord, 
Is laid for your faitli in liis excellent Word !" 

A procession of carriages a mile in length fol- 
lowed his remains to their last resting-place, and 
sorrow filled thousands of hearts for the loss that 
had fallen upon the university, the churches, and 
the whole State. 

Burleson, Rufus C, D.D., the son of Jonathan 
Burleson, was born near Decatur, Ala., Aug. 7, 
1823. He was converted on the 21st of April, 
1839, and baptized the following Sabbath by Rev. 
William H. Holcombe. 

While a student in Nashville University in 1840 
he abandoned his aspirations for legal eminence, 
and from deep convictions of duty devoted his life 
to the ministry. He was licensed to preach Dec. 
12, 1840, by the First Baptist church of Nashville, 
under the pastoral care of Dr. R. B. C. Howell. 
He commenced preaching immediately, though only 
seventeen years old, but did not relax any of his 
devotion to study. He was ordained "with prayer 
and fiisting" June 8, 1845. He graduated in the 
Western Baptist Literary and Theological Institute, 
Covington, Ky., June 10, 1847. During all these 
seven years of laborious preparation for the min- 
istry he preached almost every Sunday, and scores 
were converted under his preaching. 

A few months after graduating he was elected 
pastor of the First Baptist church at Houston, 
Texas, to succeed that great and good man, William 
M. Tryon, who had died of yellow fever. During 
the three and a half years of his pastorate the 
church became self-sustaining, paid off a heavy 
mortgiige, became the largest in the city, and 
the most liberal in the State. His zeal, learn- 
ing, piety, and eloquence placed him in the front 
rank, and for more than thirty years he has acted 
a conspicuous part in every great social, religious, 
and educational enterprise in Texas. Though at- 
tacked by yellow fever he stood firmly at his post. 



He was elected, June, 1851, president of Baylor 
University, to succeed Dr. H. L. Groves. Though 
ardently devoted to his church at Houston and 
peculiarly fitted for the pulpit, he felt the glory of 
Texas and the success of his denomination de- 
manded a great Baptist university, hence he con- 
secrated himself to the work. Though he had the 
hearty co-operation of such eminent men as Gen. 
Houston, Gov. Horton, Judges Lipscomb, Wheeler, 
and Baylor, he knew it was a herculean task that 
would require a long lifetime. At once Baylor 
University became one of the leading institutions 
of the South, and continues so till now. 

While pastor at Houston he baptized Mrs. Dick- 
enson, the heroine of the Alamo, and while pastor 
at Independence he baptized Gen. Houston, the 
hero of San Jacinto. 

In 1861 he, with, his brother. Dr. Richard Burle- 
son, and the entire faculty associated with him in 
Baylor University, desiring a central and accessible 
location in the wheat region, removed to the city 
of Waco and inaugurated Waco University, This 




RUFUS C. BURLESOX, D.D. 

institution at once rose to distinction. Dr. Burleson 
is a firm believer in co-education, and is the pioneer 
in the great movement in the Southwest. He h;i.s 
instructed over 2800 young men and ladies. 

Dr. Burleson's characteristics are fixedness of 
purpose, amiability of manners, generosity, and 
courage. From these characteristics it is not 
strange that every church of which he has been 
pastor, and every college over which he has pre- 
sided, has prospered. His advice and co-operation 



BURLINGHAM 



BVRMAH 



delivered in St. Louis, attracted great 
nd was highly spoken of by the secular 



the Bible, 
attention, 
press. 

From St. Louis he went to Brooklyn, N. Y., and 
took the pastoral charge of the Willowby Avenue 
Baptist church, and in 1879 he was chosen district 
secretary of the American Baptist Missionary 
Union for New York. 

Burlington Collegiate Institute, at Burling- 




BURLINGTON COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. 



are frequently sought on educational questions in 

Texas. 
Burlingham, Aaron H., D.D.— Dr. Burling- 

ham.was born Feb. 18, 1822, in Castile, N. Y. He 

was graduated from Madison University in 1848, 

and from the Theological Seminary of Hamilton in 

1850, and in the same year he was ordained as 

pastor over the Grant Street Baptist church of 

Pittsburgh, Pa. After one year he accepted the 

pastorate of the Baptist 

churchofOwego, N. Y. Two 

years afterwards he took 

charge of the Harvard Street 

Baptist cliurch, Boston, 

Mass. In 1853 he was chosen 

chaplain of tlie State Senate. 
In 1856 he moved to New 

York, and Ijecame pastor of 

the South B.nptist church. 

This settlement continued 

nine years, but the labor was 

so arduous that he resigned 

and went to Europe. For sev- 
eral months he filled the pul- 
pit of the celebrated Ameri- 
can cliapel in Paris. After a year's residence j ton, Iowa, was located by the vote of an Educa- 

abroad visiting various places of historical interest j tional Convention of the Baptists of Iowa, held at 

he returned, and accepted a call from the Second j Iowa City in 1852, and incorporated under the name 

of Burlington Universitj'. It is situated on a beau- 
tiful slope on the west of the city. The building is 
65 by 45 feet, with a wing in the rear 30 by 30 feet, 
all three stories high, of brick, and trimmed with 
stone. The campus contains several acres covered 
with a fine growth of native shade-trees. The city 
has so extended its limits and increased its popula- 
tion that the school is now about the centre, and 
occupies a very commanding position. It is now 
in first-class condition, with a good telescope, chemi- 
cal laboratory, and piiilosophical apparatus, and a 
well-selected library. The buildings and grounds 
are worth |40,000, and the institution lins a small 
endowment, and it has no encumbrance of any 
kind. 

The present officers of the board of trustees 
are Hon. J. M. Beck, President ; Rev. E. C. Spin- 
ney, Vice-President; Hon. T. W. Newman, Secre- 
tary : F. T. Parsons, Treasurer ; and E. F. Stearns, 
A.M., Principal of the Institute. 

Burmah. — The Burman Mission, being the first 
established by the Baptists in America, will always 
occupy a peculiar place in their regards. Burmah 
is that part of India beyond the Ganges which lies 
between llindostan on the west and China on the 
east. The population is probably not far from 
10,000,000, a third of this number speaking the 
Burmese language. The government is a despotic 
monarchy, and the religion Buddhism, "one of 
the most ancient and wide-spread superstitions ex- 




AARON II. BURI, INGHAM, D.D. 

Baptist churcli of St. Louis, Mo. This command- 
ing position he held for several years, with credit 
to himself and the continual growth of the church. 
As a lecturer he drew large and delighted audi- 
ences. His course of lectures on the "Women of 



BURMAH 



BURMAH 



isting on the earth, and one which, in its various 
branches, holds beneath its gloomy sway the minds 
of a third of the human race." The mission to 
Burmah was commenced by Mr. and Mrs. Judson 
in 1813, at Ran(;;oOn, the principal seaport of the 
empire. The formal appointment of Mr. Judson 
as a missionary of the Baptist Triennial Conven- 
tion was made in May, 1814. The first work of 
the new missionary was the preparation of a 
tract on the nature of the Christian religion, with 
a brief abstract of its leading doctrines. On the 
15th of October, 1816, Rev. Mr. Hough and wife 
joined Mr. and Mrs. Judson at Rangoon. Mr. 
Hough was a practical printer, and he addressed 
himself at once to the printing of portions of the 
Scriptures and short religious treatises to be placed 
in tlie hands of the natives, whose curiosity was 
awakened to see the sacred books of the new re- 
ligion. Four years passed before the first sincere 
inquirer came to Mr. Judson to ask after the way 
of salvation. He found the Saviour, and wns bap- 
tized at Rangoon, June 27, 1819. From that time 
the missionaries had persecution, discouragement, 
and progress marking their experiences; but view- 
ing all the facts in their history, the mission in 
Burmah has enjoyed much prosperity. 

The Karen Mission is bound up with the mission 
to the Burmese by geographical ties. 

The word Karen means wild man, and applies 
to a rude people who are scattered over the moun- 
tains and forests of Burmah, Siam, and the adja- 
cent countries. They are divided into several tribes, 
the chief of which are the S'gau and Pwo. They 
have been the subjects of cruel oppression, espe- 
cially by the Burmese, who have compelled them, 
for a long time, to act about as if they were their 
slaves, exacting from them the hardest tasks, and 
forcing from them large tributes of money. Tlieir 
life, in consequence of the cruelties inflicted upon 
them, has been a nomadic one, and they hide them- 
selves away in jungles and mountainous retreats 
to escape from the persecutions of their enemies. 
In many respects, even before they were reached by 
the civilizing influences of Christianity, they were 
said to be superior to the Burmese, who, in a special 
manner, were their foes. Whence these people 
originated is not definitely known. By some they 
are supposed to have been the aborigines of the 
country, while others regard them as immigrants 
from India. 

At the time the Karens came into special notice 
by the contact of American missionnries they did 
not seem to have any well-defined form of religious 
belief, nor any distinct priesthood. There were 
among them some remarkable traditions, which 
strikingly corresponded with the teachings of the 
Bible, as the account of the creation of man, the 
temptation in the garden of Eden, the deluge, etc. 



They had also some prophecies which pointed on 
to happier times when they should no lunger be 
degraded, but should be lifted up out of the condi- 
tion in which for so long a time they had groaned. 
Among such a people, apparently so well prepared 
to receive the gospel, the missionaries were wel- 
comed most heartily. 

The first Karen converted and baptized was Ko- 
Tha-byu; this occurred in 1828. He was a man 
of middle age, once a slave, whose freedoui had 
been purchased by the missionaries ; his conversion 
commenced the Karen Mission, so greatly honored 
of God. In 1831, Mr. Boardman visited the jungle 
homes of the Karens, after conversing with many 
of them at his own residence, and preached Jesus 
to them. 

Without any further reference to the race dis- 
tinction between Karens and Burmese, we will state 
that 

The Rangoon JMission was estal;lis!icd in 1813, 
and in 1880 it had 25 missionaries, 71 native 
preachers, 98 churches, and 4U31 members. 

The Maulmain Mission was established in 1827, 
and at that station there are 19 missionaries, 23 
native preachers, 18 churches, and 12-10 members. 

The Tavoy Mission, founded in 1828. li;is 3 mis- 
sionaries, 20 native preachers, 21 churches, and 
1038 members. 

The Bassein IMission, commenced in 1840, has 
12 missionaries, 142 native preachers, 90 churches, 
and 7808 members. 

The Henthada Mission, instituted in 1853, has 
1 missionarj', 45 native preachers, 58 churches, 
and 1998 members. 

The Swaygyeen Mission, begun in 1853, has 4 
missionaries, 24 native preacliers, 23 churches, and 
867 members. 

The Toungoo Mission, started in 1853, has 14 
missionaries, 98 native preachers, 117 churches, 
and 3910 members. 

The Thongzai Mission, the foundations of which 
were laid in 1855, lias 2 missionaries, 10 native 
preachers, 3 churches, and 297 meniljers. 

The Prome Mission was commenced in 1854, and 
has 3 missionaries, 7 native preachers, 3 churches, 
and 225 nieml)ers. 

The Zeegong Mission, established in 1876, has 
1 missionary, 2 native preachers, 2 churches, and 
110 members. 

The Bhamo jMission, founded in 1877, has 4 
missionaries, 6 native preachers, and 10 members. 

The missions among the Burmese and Karens 
have 88 missionaries, 448 native preachers, 433 
churches, and 21,594 members. This is just about 
half our missionary strength in the East, in labor- 
ers and baptized convert;s, and we have our gar- 
nered harvests in Sweden, German^", and France 
besides. 



BURN 



167 



BURXHAM 



The translation of the whole Bible into the Bur- 
mese language was completed Jan. 31, 1834. A 
Karen newspaper, The Maiming Star, was estalj- 
lislied- at Tavoy in September, 1841. The wiiole 
New Testament was issued in Karen, No7. 1, 1843. 
and the entire Bible in January, 1851. In 1857 
all the Karen churches concluded to support them- 
selves, and the mission churches in Burmah are 
among tiie most liberal contributors to send the 
gospel to the heathen. Books for schools and a 
Christian literature have been created by the mis- 
sionaries in Burmah, and the unprejudiced observer 
of their labors cannot fail to regard them as the 
benefactors of the races for whose welfare they 
have toileil and sacrificed so much. Schools of 
various grades have been established for the educa- 
tion of the people, in which large numbers receive 
instruction from accomplished and godly teachers ; 
and a theological seminary was established in Maul- 
main in 1844, which was subsequently removed to 
Rangoon, which lias trained a large number of 
native ministers and teachers for the Karens. A 
sketch of this institution will be found in the article 
"Rangoon College." Nowhere in the whole range 
of modern missionary toil have Christian labors 
among the heathen been more signally blessed than 
in Burmah. 

Burn, Rev. W. G., was born in Guilford Co.. 
N. C, April 4, 18:20 ; baptized by Barton Roby, 
Sept. £0, 1840; ordained in 1843; has been pastor 
of Flat Rock church for twenty-seven years; has 
bapti/.ed ]"20l) souls, constituted 5 churches, and 
aided in the ordination of 25 ministers ; was mod- 
erator of the Yadkin Association for several years, 
and has tiiree sons in the ministry. 

Burnett, Robert H., long president of the Lou- 
isiana Baptist Convention, was born in South Caro- 
lina in 1812, and in 1837 united in the constitution 
of Mount Lel)anon church, the first church organ- 
ized in Northeastern Louisiana; was also for many 
years moderator of Red River Baptist Association. 

Burney, Thomas J., greatly distinguished and 
lionored among Georgia Baptists for his able and 
successful management of the finances of the Geor- 
gia Baptist Convention for a long series of years, 
during which he acted as treasurer of that body, 
was born in Greene Co., April 29, 1801. He died 
June 22, 187G, most of his life having been spent 
in Madison, Ga. When young he had fair educa- 
tional advantages ; was for a time a student at the 
famous law school of St. George Tucker, Winches- 
ter, Va., and for a brief period he engaged in the 
practice of law. Although he served in the United 
States land-office at Cahawba, Ala., for some time, 
and was all his life a man of business, yet Mr. Bur- 
ney was distinguished more for his deep reliirious 
convictions and for his usefulness in church and 
educational matters than for eminence in anv 



other respect. He was baptized by Dr. Adiel Sher- 
wood in November, 1834, and for forty years Mas 
an active, useful, and faithful member of the Madi- 
son church, of which he was for many years deacon 
and treasurer. lie was secretary and treasurer of 
tlie Georgia Female College, a member of the board 
of trustees for that institution and also of Mercer 
Utiiversit}", and was tlie treasurer of the university 
and a member of the Execucive and Prudential 
Committees of tlie Georgia Baptist Convention for 
many years. So skillfully did he manage the vast 




TUOMAS J. BUK.NXV. 

interests intrusted to his hands as treasurer of the 
Georgia Baptist Convention and of Mercer Uni- 
versity that his brethren gave him unlimited au- 
thority over all the funds. He was a man of firm 
purpose, dauntless resolution, and unswerving in- 
tegrity, all his other duties yielding to his religious 
obligations. He was calm, self-possessed, temper- 
ate, and thoughtful. He was not known as a 
speaker in the conventional meetings, but his few 
and pointed words ever received respectful atten- 
tion. Ilis house was the preacher's home, and 
from its altar the incense of morning and evening 
sacrifice ascended each day. His death was calm, 
peaceful, and hnppy. 

Burnham, Prof. S., A.M., graduated from 
Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me., in 1862, and 
from the theological seminary at Xewton. Mass.. in 
1873. Pastor at Amherst. Mass., 1^73-74 : teacher 
in Worcester Academy, Worcester, Mass., in 1874; 
elected Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament 
E.\egesis in Hamilton Theological Seminary in 
1875, which position he still retains. 



BURN'S 



168 



BURROUGHS 



Burns, Dawson, M.A., son of Jabez Burns, 
D.D., was born in London in 1828. He studied at 
the General Baptist Theological Seminai-y at Leices- 
ter, and commenced his ministry in 1850. For 
several years Mr. Burns was occupied in public 
work in connection with the temperance movement. 
In 1874 he was elected co-pastor with his father, 
after whose death he succeeded to the sole charge. 
Mr. Burns is widely known as one of the leaders of 
the United Kingdom Alliance for the suppression of 
the traffic in intoxicating drinks, a society which 
attracts a large body of supporters of various re- 
ligious and political opinions, and wields a potent 
influence in Parliamentary elections in the large 
cities and towns. 

Burns, Jabez, D.D., for many years an eminent 
minister of the English General Baptists, was born 
in Oldham, Lancashire, Dec. 18, 1805. In his youth 
he connected himself with the Methodists, but some 
years later he was baptized, and became associated 
with the General Baptists. He was engaged for 
some years in lecturing and pi-eaching in Scotland, 
mainly in connection with the temperance move- 
ment, of which throughout life he was an able and 
conspicuous leader. In June, 1835, he was called 
to the pastorate of the church in London. Here for 
upwards of forty years he labored with distinguished 
success. He also wrote and published largely, his 
liest-known Avorks being "Helps to Students and 
Lay Pi-eachers" and "Manuals for Devotional Use 
and Family Worship." He visited this country in 
1847 as a delegate from the General Baptist Asso- 
ciation to the Free-Will Baptist Triennial Confer- 
ence, and also in 1872. His " Retrospect of a 
Forty Years' Ministry," published in 1875, gives 
an interesting description of the modern progress of 
religion, temperance, and philanthropic enterprises. 
In recognition of his merits as a religious writer, 
and particularly of the character of his " Pulpit 
Cyclopaedia," the Wesleyan University of Connect- 
icut conferred upon him the degree of D.D. in 1846, 
and in 1872 Bates College, Me., added the degree of 
LL.D. He was very efficient to the end of his life, 
and as a preacher and public speaker he was highly 
esteemed. He died Jan. 31, 1S76, aged seventy. 

Burr, Normand, was born in Hartford, Conn., 
Oct. 5, 1802 ; his business was printing and pub- 
lishing; converted in 1838, and united with the 
South Baptist church, being baptized by Rev. 
Robert Turnbnll, D.D. ; was editor and publisher 
of the Christian Secretari/, with others, from 1840 
to his death, Dec. 5, 1861. He had two children, 
a son and a daughter. Mrs. Sigourney, the poetess, 
wrote of liim. and wrote truly, — 

" We knew him as a man of sterling worth. 
Wliose good example is a legacy 
Better than gold for those he leaves behind. 
His inborn piety flowed fortli in streams 
Of social kindness and domestic love." 



Burrage, Rev, Henry S., was born in Fitch- 
burg, Mass., and graduated at Brown University 
in the class of 1861. He was connected with the 
Newton Theological Institution sis years, — 1861- 
67. For three years during the late war he was in 
the military service of the United States. His ordi- 
nation took place in December, 1869, and he was 
pastor of the church in Waterville, Me., 1870-73. 
He became in 1873 the proprietor and editor of 
Zion's Advocate, a weekly religious paper pub- 
lished in Portland, Me., and still holds this posi- 
tion. 

Mr. Burrage is the compiler of a volume enti- 
tled "Brown University in the War," containing 
sketches of the graduates and students of the 
university who were in the service of the United 
States in the late civil war, and he is the author 
of a learned work entitled " The Act of Bap- 
tism." 

Burroughs, J. C, D.D., LL.D.— Dr. Burroughs 
is a native of Western New York, and was born 
in the year 1819. His literary education he 
received at Yale College, and his theological at 
Hamilton. His first settlement as pastor Avas at 
Waterford, N. Y., and his second at West Troy, 
in the same State. He soon became well known in 
New York as an efficient pastor and a highly ac- 
ceptable preacher, and while yet in the early part 
of his ministerial career he was called up(m for 
special service on important occasions, and his 
counsel sought in connection with the management 
of denominational affairs. In the year 1852, after 
a pastorate of some ten years in the East, he was 
called to the First Baptist church of Chicago. In 
the same month, October, 1852, that Mr. Burroughs 
began his labors with this church the house of 
worship, built in 1843, was burned. Immediate 
measures were taken for the erection of a new edi- 
fice upon the same ground, the church meanwhile 
worshiping in a small building near by. The 
corner-stone was laid July, 1853, and the new house 
dedicated in the November following, a commodious 
and tasteful structure, costing $30,000. In con- 
nection with the labors of his pastorate, in these 
circumstances unusually exacting, Mr. Burroughs 
established, in association with brethren Weston and 
Joslyn, the weekly Baptist paper in Chicago, the 
Christian 7Y?nes, now the Standard, hTivrng pur- 
chased, as preliminary to this, the subscription list 
of the paper previously issued by Rev. Lutiier 
Stout, The Watchman of the Prairies. About the 
year 1855, the presidency of Shurtleff College 
having become vacant, Mr. Burroughs was strongly 
solicited to accept that post. This he declined, but 
an opening occurring, providentially, for the found- 
ing of a university in Chicago, he felt it to be his duty 
to give himself to this, and with that view resigned 
his pastorate in 1856. The deed of gift from Sen- 



BURROUGHS 



BURROWS 



afcor Douglas for the university site of ten acres 
was procured by Mr. Burroughs. To these two 
men, and to the latter certainly not less than the 
former, the Baptist denomination is chiefly in- 
debted for tlie university at Chicago. Dr. Bur- 
roughs was the first president of the university, 
holding this office until the creation of that of 
chancellor, in the year 1876, to which he was 
elected. Dr. Lemuel Moss taking the presidency. 
He held the chancellorship until 1878, when he re- 
signed this office also. During the early years of 
the university he consecrated himself to its interest 
with absolute self-devotion. Large amounts were 
obtained by him in subscriptions and pledges, — 
much of it lost subsequently through the financial 
disasters which made collection impossible, but 
none the less a fruit of earnest and well-directed 
labor on his own part. In the whole work of uni- 
versity organization he of course largely shared, 
while in the department of instruction the quality 
of his teaching is witnessed by the strong affection 
cherished for him ])y his pupils in their after-life. 
Dr. Burroughs still has his residence at Chicago, 
although his official connection with the university 
has ceased. 

Burroughs, Rev. Joseph, was born in London, 
England, Jan. 1, 1685. He was converted and 
called to the ministry in early life, and for the 
proper discharge of a pastor's duties he received 
a liberal education at a private academy in London 
and at the University of Leyden. He was ordained 
May 1, 1717, as pastor of the church in Paul's 
Alley, Barbican, London. Here he labored with 
great success and untiring faithfulness for more 
than forty years. He was a great admirer of the 
Word of God, upon the exposition of which he 
expended his unusual abilities and his extensive 
learning. He had a special desire to promote the 
practical duties of the Saviour's religion, and to 
secure as far as possible a church wholly conse- 
crated to God. He was a warm friend to the 
cause of Christ in general, but to the Baptist 
churches specially, among which he was one of 
the most popular men tjf hisday. Though a Chris- 
tian of the largest charity he believed that bap- 
tism was a prerequisite to the Lord's Supper, and 
his faith and practice walked together in scriptural 
harmony. Towards the close of life he manifested 
a spirit of extraordinary humility, charging him- 
self with many defects and relying for salvation 
wiioUy upon the mercy of God. He passed from 
earth without a struggle on the 23d of November, 
1761, in his seventy-seventh year. Mr. Burroughs 
was a General Baptist. 

Burrows, John Lansing, D.L., son of Samuel 

Burrows, a naval officer of the war of 1812, was 
born in New York in 1814. His father died of 
yellow fever at Mobile in 1822, after which he be- 
12 



came the ward of his grandfather, Nathaniel Bur- 
rows, of Bucks Co., Pa., who educated him with 
much care. He finished his education at Andover, 
Mass. In 1835 he was ordained to the ministry in 
Poughkeepsie, and became assistant pastor of a 
church in New York City. In 1836 he removed to 
Kentucky, and engaged in teaching at Shelbyville, 
and subsequently at Elizabethtown. In 1839 he 
took charge of the church at Owensborough, and 
also organized and took charge of the church at Hen- 
derson. In 1840 he became pastor of Sansom Street 
church in Phihidelphia. In 1844 he founded the 
Broad Street church, same city, and was its suc- 
cessful pastor for ten years. In 1854 he accepted 
the pastorate of the First Baptist church in Rich- 
mond, Va., a relation which he sustained for 
tv.enty years. He returned to Kentucky in 1874, 
and became pastor of the Broadway Baptist church 
in Louisville, where he still ministers (1880). 

Dr. Burrows has a national fame as a graceful 
and eloquent pulpit orator, an easy, elegant writer, 
and a man of varied learning and extensive read- 
ing, and, best of all, Dr. Burrows lias been one of 
the most useful men in the ministry of our denom- 
ination. 

Burrows, Rev. Silas, son of Amos and ]Mnry 
(Rathbone) Burrows, was born in Groton, Conn., 
in 1741. His father, educated in the standing or- 
der, became a speaker among the Liberalists, or 
New Lights. His brother Amos became a licensed 
Baptist preacher. Silas was converted when about 
twenty-three years of age, under the preaching of 
Rev. Mr. Reynolds, a Baptist from Norwich, and 
was one of the first members of the Second Baptist 
church in Groton, which chose him as their leader. 
He was ordained about 1765, and held the pastoral 
office of the church for fifty-three years. Amid 
the agitations resulting from the great awaken- 
ing, the Revolutionary war, and the inroads of 
infidelity, he stood firmly by the truth and the 
cause of liberty. He had two brothers captured in 
Fort Griswold. During the powerful revival of 
1782-83 several of his children were converted, 
among them Daniel and Rosw^ell, who afterwards 
became preachers. His ministry was crowned by 
another mighty reformation, beginning in January, 
1809, and extending through eighteen motitlis, 
during which he baptized 130 persons. He married 
first, Mary Smith, and second, Mrs. Phebe (Deni- 
son) Smith. Of sound native talents, ardent piety, 
eminently prayerful spirit, plainness of speech, and 
firmness of purpose, he made strong and permanent 
impressions upon the people. He was a wise 
Imilder. He fell asleep in 1818, aged seventy- 
seven years, and was buried in his own church- 
yard. 

Burrows, Rev. Roswell, son of Rev. Silas Bur- 
rows, was born in Groton, Sept. 2, 1768. He was 



BURROWS 



170 



BUSH 



converted M'hile a merchant's clerk at Guilford, 
Conn., when home on a visit. Though he became a 
successful merchant in Ilopkinton, R. I., he finally 
returned to the home of his father in Groton. 
where he yielded to his convictions and the per- 
suasions of his brethren, and received ordination in 
August, 1806, as associate pastor of the Second 
Baptist church in Groton, with his honored and 
aged father, whose place he filled after 1818, when 
his father died. After his ordination, by appoint- 
ment from the Groton Union Conference, he spent 
several months in a missionary tour, riding more 
than 1300 miles, and preaching once or twice daily, 
giving a great impulse to the cause of missions in 
the churches. Pie was always active and efficient 
in the Groton Union Conference, and in the Ston- 
ington Union Association. Through his instru- 
mentality a church was organized in Preston, 
Conn., in 1812. He also labored somewhat at 
Greenport, L. I., and in Western New York, on 
missionary tours. In his later years he was aided 
in his own pulpit by Revs. Erastus Dennison and 
Ira R. Steward. Ilis ministry at home was at- 
tended with seven special revivals, and he baptized 
635 persons, and preached 2886 times. At the age 
of twenty-one he married Jerusha Avery, and was 
the f\ither of seven children, one of whom became 
a member of Congrei^s. He died May 28, 1837, 
in his sixty-ninth year. His funeral sermon was 
preached by Rev. Daniel Wildman, of New London. 
He was buried in the church-yard by the side of 
his father. 

Burrows, Eoswell S., a prominent layman of 
Albion, N. Y., was born in Groton, Conn., Feb. 22, 
1798. He was the grandson of Rev. Silas Burrows 
and son of Rev. Roswell Burrows, one pastor for 
fifty-three years and tlie other for thirty-five years 
of the Second Baptist church in Groton. He en- 
tered the Sophomore class of Yale College at the age 
of twenty-one. He was compelled to leave college 
in the middle of the junior year by reason of con- 
tinued ill health. In 1867 the college conferred on 
him the honorary degree of A.M. In 1824 he es- 
tablished himself in Albion, N. Y., where he still 
lives, having been for the last ten years the oldest 
resident of the place. 

He is distinguished chiefly for remarkable busi- 
ness talents, having been connected with numerous 
large public and private enterprises, which have 
yielded him an ample fortune. He has been iden- 
tified with the university and seminary at Roches- 
ter through all their history, and gave the latter 
institution " The Neander Library," now valued at 
$20,000. He has been a member of the United 
States House of Representatives. 

Burton, Rev. John, was born in 1760 in Eng- 
land, lie came to Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1792. 
He visited the United States, embraced Baptist 



principles, and was baptized here. He returned 
to Halifax, June 17, 1793, and administered the 
first baptism witnessed there the following August 
24. He organized a Baptist church in that city in 
1795, the second one organized in the provinces. 
Mr. Burton continued as its pastor until his death, 
which occurred Feb. 6, 1838. He was a Christian 
gentleman, useful in the community in which he 
labored, and enjoying the respect and love of those 
around him. 

Burton, Nathan Smith, D.D., was born at 

Manlius, N. Y., Feb. 5, 1821 ; baptized by Rev. I. 
Hall, at Akron, 0., 1843 ; graduated from Western 
Reserve College in 1846 ; spent one year at Western 
Reserve College in theological study; the second 
year at Newton, and then returned as classical tutor 
to Western Reserve, where he graduated in theology 
in 1850 ; ordained Nov. 6, 1850, as pastor at Elyria, 
0., where he remained until 1853. After a short pas- 
torate in Cleveland became pastor at Granville, 0., 
where he remained until 1862. While pastor here, 
in 1859, established the Young Ladies' Institute. In 
1862 took charge of the church at Akron, 0. ; in 
1866, of the church at Ann Arbor, Mich. ; in 1871, 
of the church at Davenport, Iowa. In 1876 he ac- 
cepted the professorship of Philosophy in Kala- 
mazoo College, but on account of the failure of the 
endowment resigned the following year and re- 
turned to Akron, 0., where, as pastor of the churcli. 
he still remains. 

The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred upon 
him by Denison University, in 1863. He is univer- 
sally regarded as standing in the fi-ont of Ohio 
Baptists, and he is profoundly interested in all that 
pertains to the interests of the kingdom of Ciirist. 

Burton, Rev. William, was horn in Margaree, 
Cape Breton ; baptized by Rev. Joseph Dimock in 
1826; ordained July 20, 1828; was co-pastor of 
Yarmouth church with the venerable Harris Hard- 
ing from 1830 to 1853 ; then pastor at Portland, St. 
John, New Brunswick, and at Hantsport, Nova 
Scotia, where he died in 1867. An earnest, useful 
minister. 

Bush, Rev. Alexander, was born in Lowville, 
Lewis Co.. N. Y., Feb. 1, 1810. He was hopefully 
converted at the age of seventeen, and baptized in 
July, 1827. He devoted some time to the work of 
teaching, and feeling that it was his duty to preach, 
he entered Hamilton Theological Institution in 
1835. In 1838 he received a call from tiie Tyring- 
ham and Lee church, Mass.. and on the 17th of 
October of this year he was ordained as the pastor 
of the church. He labored diligently and faith- 
fully, and God permitted him to see the rich fruits 
of his ministerial toil. His ministry was a short 
one. In the spring of 1842 he was forced partially 
to suspend his work. He preached his last sermon 
July 30 of this year. For a year or two he lin- 



BUSH 



171 



gered, a great and constant suflferer. He died June 
17, 1844. 

Bush, Rev. Alva, LL.D., was born in Busti, 
Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Jan. 25, 1830. He was 
the second son of Seldin F. Bush and Fiorina 
Blackman. He was converted and joined the Bap- 
tist church in Busti in 1840, under the pastorate 
of Rev. E. R. Swf^in. He completed his education 
in Burlington University. He was licensed to 
preach by the church at Strawberry Point in 1858, 
and ordained at the same place in 1859. He sup- 
plied the church one year during an interim in the 
pastorate of Rev. George Scott. He was pastor of 
the church at Fayette in 1860, imparting instruc- 




REV. ALVA BUSH, LL.D. 

tion part of the time in the Upper Iowa University, 
during which Rev. J. E. Clough and Hattie Sunder- 
land, afterwards Mrs. Clough, were students in 
that institution, and part of the time members of 
Mr. Bu.sh's family. 

He was settled in Osage, and opened the school 
which was to be the Cedar Valley Seminary, Jan- 
uary, 1863. During the eighteen years of his con- 
nection with the seminary he served the Baptist 
chui-ch of Osage as pastor something over ten 
years, and preached regularly at out-stations during 
the remainder of the time. 

Bussy, Rev. B. W., was bom and brought up in 
Columbus, Ga., but preached for years in Hunts- 
ville and Mobile, Ala. He is now the able pastor 
of the Americus Baptist church, having returned 
to his native State. A man of more than ordinary 
ability, he is a fine pastor and preacher, and an 
efficient Sunday-school worker. 



Bussy, Hon, James, a prominent la-wyer at 
Bastrop, La., was born in Georgia in 1830. Judge 
Bussy is a striking example of what may be ac- 
complished under almost insurmountable difficul- 
ties. In early life an incurable paralysis made 
him a helpless dependent. By perseverance he de- 
veloped strength in his arms, and acquired the 
power of balancing himself on crutches. By dint 
of application he made himself an intelligent law- 
yer, and has risen to distinction in church and 
state. He has made it a rule of life to devote one- 
tenth of his gross income to the Lord. Under the 
blessing of God he has prospered, and is now a 
man of wealth. He has presided as moderator of 
Bayou Macon Association and as president of the 
State Convention. 

Butler, Rev. David E., who has deservedly 
been greatly honored by the Baptists of Georgia 
with places of trust, was born in Wilkes County. 
When a young man and a practicing lawyer, in 
Washington, Wilkes County, he was the personal 
friend of Jesse Mercer, whose will he wrote, and 
whose executor he was. Mr. Butler is a graduate 
of Mercer. It was not until after his marriage that 
he felt constrained to enter the ministry; while 
living on his farm in the country he was unable to 
restrain his inclinations to point sinners to the 
Lamb slain for us ; he gradually became convinced 
that it was his duty to preach, and he submitted 
to ordination, and entered upon the ministry. 
lie has been an eloquent pleader fur Jesus and a 
good preacher. lie has had charge of various 
churches, while his home has generally been at 
Madison. Before the war he was a wealthy planter, 
and never sought remuneration for pulpit services. 
Since the return of peace he has maintained his 
fai-ming interests, not being dependent on the min- 
istry. In the Central Association he has been a 
ruling spirit, and frequently has been its moderator, 
by election. For five years, from 1872 to 1876, in- 
clusive, he was president of the Georgia Baptist 
Convention ; for many years he has been the presi- 
dent of the board of trustees of Mercer Univer- 
sity ; and for several years he was the efficient 
editor of the Christian Index. Since the war his 
influence in the denomination has been great and 
beneficial, and he has almost been the central figure 
around which Georgia Baptist interests have gravi- 
tated. Mr. Butler is an eloquent speaker and an 
exceedingly ready man, possessing a fine command 
of language. He is universally held in the highest 
esteem, and amid many diversified employments 
has never ceased eloquently to proclaim the gospel. 
As the friend of education and missions, the friend 
and supporter of Mercer and the Convention, he 
stands out in bold relief in the denomination. He 
is exceedingly popular all over the State, among 
all classes and denominations; his name has been 



BUTLER 



172 



BYRON 



freely spoken of in connection with the guberna- 
torial office of Georgia. 

Butler, Gov. Ezra, was born in Lancaster, 
Mass., in September, 1763. He lived for sotue 
years with Dr. Stearns, of Claremont, N. H., where 
he had the management of a large farm. In his 
twenty-second year he removed to Waterbury, 
Vt.. where he commenced farming. He was almost 
literally in a wilderness, there being but one other 
family in the whole place. Indeed, the whole sec- 
tion was but little better than a dense forest for 
miles in every direction. When he was twenty- 
seven years of age he became a hopeful Christian. 
His conversion was a remarkable one, and plainly 
the wi)i-k of the Holy Spirit. He was baptized by 
" Elder" Call in his wilderness home. In due time 
Waterbury attracted to itself inhabitants, and to- 
wards the end of the year 1800 there were a suffi- 
cient number of persons holding Baptist sentiments 
to lead to the formation of a Baptist church, and 
Mr. Butler was chosen and ordained its pastor, 
which office he held over thirty years. 

Being a person of superior education he was 
called to fill various civil offices, as town clerk, jus- 
tice of the peace, and representative for several 
terms to the General Assembly of Vermont. For 
a number of years he was chief justice for Wash- 
ington County. From 1813 to 181-5 he was a mem- 
ber of Congress, and for two years he was governor 
of the State. "His administration as governor was 
distinguished chiefly by a vigorous and successful 
effort for the suppression of lotteries, and by some 
essential improvement in the system of common 
school education." In 1836 he officiated as one of 
the electors of the President of the United States. 
Amidst all the responsibilities connected with the 
civil trusts committed to his hands he never lost 
sight of the higher office which he held as an amlias- 
sador of Christ. While he Avas governor of the State 
an extensive revival was in progress in his own 
town, in which he took the deepest interest, his 
heart being greatly gladdened by the circumstance 
that several members of his own family were among 
its fruits. Gov. Butler died July 12, 1838, in the 
seventy-fifth year of his age. 

In the report of the travels of Messrs. Cox and 
Iloby — a deputation from the Baptist churches in 
England to the Baptist churches in this country— 
we find the following extract taken from Dr. 
Sprague's " Annals." The language is Mr. Hoby's : 

"At Waterbury I paid a visit to Gov. Butler, 
who, you remember, though a pastor in our de- 
non)ination, had once the honor of being governor 
of the State of Vermont. His eye is not so dimmed 
with age l)ut that you may clearly discern that it 
was once expressive of the intelligence and energy 
equal to the responsibilities of such an office, how- 
ever undesirable it may be to Wend it with pastoral 



engagements. Forever let his name be honored 
among those who steadfastly determined and la- 
bored with untiring zeal to disencumber the State 
of the burden of a religious establishment, and re- 
ligion of the manifold evils of State patronage. As 
he walked towards the town he told me that fifty 
years ago he cleared the first spot in this cultivated 
district, which was then all wilderness. Now his 
children's children are growing up around him, to 
inherit the land and the liberties they owe so lit- 
erally to their fathers." 

Butterfield, Rev. Isaac, was born in Andover, 
Vt., Oct. 16, 1812 ; removed to New Ipswich, N. 11., 
at the age of twenty -one years ; was baptized by 
Rev. Asaph Merriam in May, 1835, and studied 
for a short time in Appleton Academy, New Ips- 
wich, after his conversion. He was licensed to 
preach in the spring of 1836, and was ordained in 
January, 1837, as pastor of the church in Cicero, 
N. Y. He remained ten years in the Onondaga 
Association, five of which were spent in Elbridge. 
Then followed nearly ten years of service in Os- 
wego, part as pastor of the First church, and tiicn 
he went out with a colony which formed the West 
church. He was for seven years pastor in Daven- 
port, Iowa, also served for brief terms in Water- 
town. N. Y. ; Adrian, Mich. ; Hightstown, N. J. ; 
Monroe, Mich. ; and Grand Rapids. Then for six 
years he was again at the West church in Oswego. 
In 1875 he yielded to an urgent appeal from the 
First church in Jackson to come to them in a time 
of special exigency, and for five years he gave his 
service with great self-devotion. The last of the 
five years Rev. C. E. Harris was his colleague. 
Mr. Butterfield now resides in Grand Rapids. He 
has been a laborious worker in the Lord's vine- 
yard, and has counted it a pleasure to serve in 
fields from which others would shrink. His influ- 
ence has been that of a peace-maker, and his 
chui'ches have been greatly attached to him. He 
was married Sept. 14, 1838, to Miss Sarah A. Tem- 
pleton, of Northfield, Mass. 

Buys, Rev. James, M.D., was long an efficient 
minister in North Louisiana. He was born in Geor- 
gia in 1800 ; removed to Louisiana in 1848, and died 
in Winn Pas, La., Oct. 26, 1867. 

Byron, Deacon Wm. Henry, a native of New 
York City, where he was born June 21, 1808. 
His father died when he was a child. His mother, 
a lady of fine mental and Christian culture, de- 
voted herself to his early training. His religious 
education was her special care. His mental cul- 
ture she intrusted to the best schools of the city. 
When of a suitable age he was placed in a large 
mercantile establishment, and he became a mem- 
ber of the family of one of the partners, who bo- 
longed to St. George's church, New York. His 
Christian influence over the youth was of a most 



BYRON 



]73 



BYRON 



marked character, and bad iiiucli to do with his 
subsequent conversion. At eighteen years of age 
he ol)tained a hope in Christ, and was baptized by 
Rev. Dr. Cone into the fellowship of the Oliver 
Street Baptist church, of which his mother had 
long been a member. He afterwards connected 
himself with the Amity Street Baptist church, 
under the pastoral care of Dr. Wm. R. Williams. 
In March, 1835, he removed to Painesville, 0., 
where he engaged in business until 1843, when he 
removed to Milwaukee, Wis. Here he founded a 
mercantile establishment, which for many years 
was one of the most extensive in the city. He 
continued this business until a painful disease 
compelled him to retire from active pursuits. 

But it is chiefly as a Christian worker that Dea- 
con Byron is best known. Nature had given him 
pre-eminent qualifications for usefulness in the 
Sunday-school, and to this field he devoted himself 
with a consecration and zeal rarely surpassed. 
Even wliile at the head of a large and extensive 
business, taxing all his resources, he found time 
to labor in the work he loved so well. Deacon 
Byron's active Sunday-school career began before 
his conversion. As early as 1822 he was a teacher 
in a mission school in New York. It was in it 
that James Brainard Taylor was converted, and in 
it, Deacon Win. H. Byron was taught his sinfulness 
and led to Christ. 

It was through Deacon Byron's influence, chiefly, 
that the Wisconsin State Sunday-School Associa- 



tion was formed in 1846, and he became its fii'st 
president, which ofiice he held until 1853. In 1860 
the Wisconsin Sunday-School Union was formed, 
and Deacon Byron was elected its president. One 
year later he was appointed its general agent and 
superintendent of its work in the State. From the 
spring of 1861, until the summer of 1864, he was 
actively engaged in its service, and although almost 
entirely without the use of his limbs, he traveled 
thousands of miles and held hundreds of Conven- 
tions, in which he made addresses. Even when his 
disease assumed the most painful and alarming 
forms he continued in the field. Indeed, so great 
was his love for the work and so consuming his 
zeal in it, that it was clear that he could not re- 
main out of it, and that he should die with the 
harness on. After he could no longer walk, he 
was borne in the arms of friends to institutes and 
Conventions and Sunday-schools. 

He died at Sparta, Wis., Sept. 12, 1875, to which 
place he had been removed from his home in Mil- 
waukee. He was a man of fine endowments, all 
of which from the hour of conversion he conse- 
crated to Christ. He was singularly fortunate in 
having as his early Christian instructors such men 
as Spencer H. Cone, D.D., and Wm. R. Williams, 
D.D. He had a profound acquaintance with the 
Word of God. He devoted to the Scriptures the 
most earnest and prayerful study throughout his 
life. He lived for Christ and Christ lived in him. 
He died in great peace, aged sixty-seven years. 



CADE 



CALDICOTT 



C. 



Cade, Rev. Baylus, one of the most distin- 
guished preachers of West Virginia, was born Sept. 
3, 1844, in Bar})our County, now a pait of West 
Virginia. He made a profession of faith and was 




REV. BAYLUS CADE. 

baptized Dee. 9, 1864. In October, 1866, he entered 
Richmond College as a student, remaining there 
until June 30, 1869. He was ordained in 1869 and 
began his work as a minister, and he is now (1880) 
filling one of the most important positions in the 
State, as pastor of Greenbrier church at Alderson, 
to which work he is devoting all his time and en- 
ergy. Mr. Cade took a very active part in estab- 
lishing Shelton College, giving liberally to its 
support, and inducing others to follow his example. 
His work in connection with this institution has 
been very laborious, but he has the satisfaction of 
enjoying the success of his labors. His extensive 
reading and retentive memory, united with great 
native ability, place him in the front ranks as an 
organizer and leader in our denominational move- 
ments, and in his ministerial calling. 

Cain, E,ev. Moses Powel, was born in .Jefferson 
Co., Ga., Aug. 7, 1836. His father, James Cain, 
was a South Carolinian and a distinguished deacon. 



His mother was a woman of great piety, and thus 
it happened that he was reared in the fear oi God. 
In 1856 he graduated at Penfield, having. been 
converted during his college course. For several 
years after graduating Mr. Cain taught school ; he 
was ordained in 1859, and from that time to tiie 
present he has been engaged in teaching, preach- 
ing, and farming. At present he resides on the 
old homestead, preaching to neighboring churches. 
He is a man of talent and of deep piety. 

Calahan, Rev. Charles W., pastor of Hope, 

Ark., was born in Alabama in 1851 ; graduated at 
Union University, Tenn. ; ordained in 1873 : after 
preaching some time in his native State he became 
pastor at Monticello, Ark., in 1877 ; spent one year 
at Longtown, Miss., returned to Monticello, and in 
1879 accepted his present pastorate. 

Caldicott, T. F., D.D., was born in the village 
of Long Buckley, Northamptonshire, England, in 
March, 1803. His father was a deacon in the Baptist 
church in Long Buckley, and occasionally officiated 
as a preacher. In 1824, Dr. Caldicott came to 
Canada as the tutor to the children of some military 
officers, and for some time made his home in Quebec. 
He taught subsequently in Toronto and Kingston, 
where his services commanded the patronage of 
some of the best citizens of these places. In 1831 
he became connected with Madison University as 
a student, and in 1834 was ordained as pastor of 
the Baptist church in Lockport, where he remained 
for four years, when he was called to the pastorate 
of what is now the Dudley Street church, Boston 
Highlands, then Roxbury, and continued in this re- 
lation for seven or eight years. Upon resigning his 
pastorate in Roxbury, he acted for some time as the 
secretary of the Northern Baptist Education So- 
ciety, devoting himself with great zeal to the cause 
of ministerial education. Subsequently he was 
pastor of the church in Charlestown, and of Baldwin 
Place church in Boston, and then removed to 
Williamsburg, N. Y., from which place he re- 
moved to Toronto, to become the pastor of the 
Bond Street Baptist church It was in Toronto 
that he died, the event taking place July 9, 1869. 
Dr. Caldicott had the pleasing art of making warm 
friends. He was eminently of a happy, social 
disposition, and his very presence was a bene- 
diction. Wherever he was settled he was an earnest, 
laborious minister of the gospel, and was the means 
of introducing a large number of persons into the 



CALDWELL 



CALIFORNIA 



churches to which he ministered. It is pleasant to 
pay this tribute of affection to his memory. 

Caldwell, Hon. Robert P., of Trenton, Tenn., 
was born in Adair Co., Ky., Dec. 16, 1821 ; had a 
public school education ; studied and practiced 
law ; was in the lower branch of the General As- 
sembly of Tennessee in 1847-48, and was in the 
upper branch in 1855-56, and was elected attorney- 
general in the sixteenth judicial circuit of Tennes- 
see in 1858 : was major in the r2th Tenn. In- 
ftxntry of the Confederate service ; had his disabili- 
ties reiiinved by act of Conj;-ress ; and was elected 
to the 42d Congress, receiving 8227 votes, against 
1848 votes for his opponent. 

Hon. Mr. Caldwell professed religion, and was 
liaptized by Rev. Dr. Hillsman into the fellowship 
of the Trenton Baptist church, October, 1863, and 
has continued a reputaljle and useful member up 
to this writing, 1880. 

Mr. Caldwell is a gentleman of fine intellect, and 
stands high as a lawyer and as a Christian. 

Caldwell, Samuel L., D.D., president of Vassar 
College, was born in Newburyport, Mass., Nov. 13, 




JAMUEF, h. CAI,D\rELL, D.D. 



1820. His ancestors were early settlers on that 
coast. He was prepared for college in the grammar 
school of his native town. After a four years' 
course he was graduated from Waterville College, 
Me., in 1839. On leaving college he took charge 
of the Academy at Hampton Falls, N. H. Soon 
after that he was head-master of the West Gram- 
mar School, of Newburyport, for three years. 
After teaching three years he entered the theo- 
logical seminary at Newton, Mass., where he was 



graduated in 1845. During the subsequent win- 
ter he preached for the Baptist church in Alex- 
andria, Va. In the spring of 1846, he took charge 
of the First Baptist church of Bangor, Mich., and 
was ordained as its pastor. The union continued 
twelve years, and the church was greatly strength- 
ened. In 1856 he accepted the pastoral charge of 
the First Baptist church of Providence, R. I., whose 
pulpit had been vacated by the death of James N. 
Granger, D.D. After a ministry of over fifteen 
years, he resigned to accept the professorship of 
Ciiurch History in Newton Theological Institu- 
tion. He ably filled this post five years, and on the 
death of John H. Raymond, LL.D., the president 
of Vassar College, Dr. Caldwell was elected his 
successor, and entered upon the duties of the posi- 
tion in September, 1858. His ability and special 
fitness for the high office are admitted by all, and 
that noble educational institution will, it is be- 
lieved, rise to still grander proportions under his 
administration. 

Caldwell, "William B., M.D., was bom in Co- 
lumbia, Ky., April 3, 1818. After finishing bis 
literary education he studied medicine at Lexington, 
Ky., for a time, graduated in that science at the 
University of Pennsylvania, and located in his na- 
tive town in 1841. In 1846 he removed to Louis- 
ville, where he rapidly acquired one of the most 
extensive and lucrative practices in the city. This 
he retained until failing health compelled his re- 
tirement. He confined himself strictly to his pro- 
fession, and thereby acquired a large fortune. In 
1869 he consented to fill a seat in the Legislature 
of his State. He united with the Baptist church 
in Columbia in 1837, and continues a faithful and 
efficient member. He has been prominent in the 
Executive Board of the General Association of 
Baptists in Kentucky since 1846. In 1837 he 
married Miss Ann Augusta, daughter of Hon. 
James Guthrie, who was also a Baptist, a woman 
of intelligence, culture, and piety, and whose large 
estate was liberally used for the cause of Christ. 

Calhoun, Hon. J. R., is a member of the Bap- 
tist church, Summerside, Prince Edward's Island, 
and a merchant remarkable for his excellent abilities 
and large contributions in support of denomina- 
tional objects ; is also a member of the Prir.ce Ed- 
ward's Island House of Assembly, and is strong in 
support of right and religion. 

California. — One of the largest of the United 
States, bordering on the Pacific Ocean, 600 miles 
long and nearly 200 broad ; noted for its immense 
productions of gold since 1849, its abundant har- 
vests of wheat, and all the fruits of the tropics and 
temperate zones. All Baptist and other Protestant, 
as well as Catholic churches, are laying foundations 
for the future. Population of the State is about 
1,000,000. Baptists began their work in California 



CALIFORNIA COLLEGE 



CALL A WA Y 



in 1849. They now have 121 churches, with nearly 
7000 members, 1 college, 3 academical institutions, 
6 Associations, 1 weekly paper, The Evangel, and 
1 monthly. The Hef)-ald of Truth, a State Conven- 
tion, College and Mission Boards, a Woman's 
Home Mission and a Woman's Foreign Mission 
Society, a State Ministers' Institute, and about 120 
ordained ministers. The churches are most of them 
widely scattered and not wealthy. (See article San 
Francisco.) 

California College, Cal.— In 1870, it was an- 
nounced at the meeting of the Pacific Association, 
held at Santa Rosa, that the property of the Pacific 
Methodist College at Vacaville was for sale. A 
committee appointed to make inquiries reported 
favorably at a conference in Napa. The purchase 
was made, a Baptist Convention was called, which 
organized a college board, obtained a charter, and 
elected Prof. Mark Bailey president. The insti- 
tution was opened Jan. 4, 1871, with 14 students. 
A productive endowment fund of $20,000 has since 
been raised. The sacrifices incident to establishing 
a college in a new State have endeared the institu- 
tion to the hearts of its friends. In the spring of 
1873, Dr. A. S. Worrell succeeded Prof. Bailey as 
president; in November, 1875, he resigned, and 
was succeeded by the lamented T. W. Greene, 
whose death occurred in 1877. His successor was 
Rev. S. A. Taft, D.D. ; and his resignation occurring 
in 1878, Rev. U. Gregory, D.D., entered upon the 
presidency in January, 1879. Since its organiza- 
tion, 956 students have been in attendance ; 38 have 
graduated ; and in 1880 the number of students was 
81. The college is beautifully situated, centrally 
for the State, — at Vacaville. Solano County, mid- 
way between San Francisco and Sacramento. The 
locality is one of the healthiest in California. 

Callaghan, George, Esq., was born in Scotland, 
Jan. 29, 1827. llis parents emigrated to this 
country in 1829. He was baptized at West Chester, 
Pa., by Rev. Alfred Taylor, March 5, 1845, and was 
subsequently a member of the churches at Upland, 
First West Philadelphia, and Angora, Philadelphia. 
He is extensively engaged in the manufacture of 
cotton goods at the last place, and he has for many 
years l)een connected with various educational and 
missionary boards. The church at Angora was or- 
ganized and has been sustained chiefly through the 
labors and benefactions of himself and his brother, 
Robert J. Callaghan, both of whom were among its 
constituent members. These brothers are noted 
for being among that class of wealthy Baptists who 
prefer acting as their own executors of the riches 
intrusted to their stewardship ; hence their gifts to 
denominational and other religious enterprises have 
been frequent and generous. They live in the en- 
joyment of visible and blessed results. 

Callaway, Rev. Enoch, a distinguished and 



very useful minister of Georgia, was born in Wilkes 
County, Sept. 14, 1792. He was converted and 
baptized in December, 1808, uniting with Sardis 
church, at which he was ordained Nov. 7, 1823. 
He became the pastor of the following churches: 
Sardis, Rehoboth, County Line, Beaver Dam, 
in Wilkes County, and of Bairdstown and Mill- 
town churches, in Oglethorpe County, serving 
some of them as much as twenty-five or thirty 
years. He died Sept. 12, 1859, at the age of sixty- 
seven, of an affliction which continued four years. 
He was never heard to murmur, so wonderful was 
his patience. Death was not dreaded, but was wel- 
comed by him. He made the Bible his text-book, 
and made its study his daily occupation. As a 
pastor he was faithful, and as a minister he was 
humble and unostentatious, but highly useful, from 
his great earnestness and sincerity. His preaching 
was usually extemporaneous, combining the doc- 
trinal, practical, and experimental, but he excelled 
in exhortation. 

In building up and establishing the cause of 
Christ in his field of labor few have accomplished 
more. Decidedly missionary in principle and 
practice, and a thorough Baptist in doctrine, he 
left his impress in these respects wherever he la- 
bored. Of his numerous offspring, numbering 
now about 300, who are living, it is said that, 
without exception, they are all professed Christians 
and Baptists. 

Callaway, Rev. Joshua S., was born in Wilkes 

Co., Ga., May 30, 1789. He was the son of Joshua 
and Isabella Callaway. He was converted when a 
boy, and was baptized by Jesse Mercer, Sept. 23, 
1809. When in his twentieth year he moved to 
Jones County, in 1818, and joined the Sardis 
church, by which he was called to ordination in 
1820. He preached ten years in Jones County with 
great success, and then removed to Henry County. 
When the division in the denomination took place 
he sustained mission views strongly, and under his 
leadership the Flint River Association took decided 
missionary grounds. He was moderator of that 
Association for about fifteen years, after represent- 
ing it in the State Convention, by which body he 
was highly respected. Mr. Callaway was a pleas- 
ant and persuasive speaker, with a winning ad- 
dress. He was strongly Calvinistic in faith, and 
very clear and scriptural in his preaching. He 
baptized many hundreds of converts during his 
ministry. He possessed a strong will, indomitable 
perseverance, and unflinching integrity, and to the 
day of his death maintained an unblemished repu- 
tation. He died at Jonesborough in the year 1854. 

CaUaway, Rev. Pitt MiLner, son of Rev. 

Joshua S. Callaway, was born in Wilkes Co., Ga., 
Oct. 10, 1812. Settled in Macon Co., Ala., in 1838. 
On a visit to Georgia in 1844 he united with the 



CALL A WA Y 



177 



CAMPBELL 



church of which his father was pastor. For some 
years after this he resided in the city of Eufaula, 
where he faithfully served as deacon, he and Gov. 
John Gill Ilorter having been ordained at the same 
time and serving together. He was ordained to 
the ministry at Mount Zion church in Macon 
County in 1857, Revs. S. Henderson, E. Y. Von 
Hoose, and F. M. Moss forming the Presbytery. 
He has delivered on an average two sermons a 
week, and baptized many hundreds. lie has been 
pastor of a number of the most influential churches 
in Southeast Alabama. Was the prime mover in 
the origination and history of the late General 
Association of that part of the State. For eighteen 
years now he has resided at Newton, Dale County. 

Callaway, Rev. Wm. A., was born in Wilkes 
Co., Ga.. about 1804, of pious Baptist parents. He 
grew up to manhood and married before his con- 
version. He was ordained in 1833 at McDonough, 
and soon made his influence felt in all the region 
around by his zeal. He would engage in pro- 
tracted meetings day and night for weeks and 
months in succession, seeming to feel no weari- 
ness ; in truth, he was, both by gifts and tempera- 
ment, admirably suited for a revival preacher. He 
assisted in organizing the Central Association, and 
in the great revivals that occurred in his day he 
was the modest yet able coadjutor of such men as 
Siierwood, Dawson, and Campbell. Tall and rather 
slender in person, he had a benign expression, an 
easy and natural elocution, and he was a sweet 
singer. In protracted meetings he often became 
the soul of the meeting, enchaining attention and 
going right home to the consciences of the impeni- 
tent by the simplicity, fervency, and tenderness of 
his address. His pulpit abilities were good ; his 
manner ordinarily was grave and decorous. He 
died in June, 1865, and left two able sons in the 
ministry. — J. M. Callaway and S. P. Callaway. 

Callender, Rev. Elisha, son of Ellis Callender, 
who for about thirty years was the principal 
speaker in the First Baptist church in Boston, was 
born in Boston in 1680. He was a graduate of 
Harvard College in the class of 1710, and became 
a member of the church Aug. 10, 1713. About 
five years later, May 21, 1718, he was ordained, and 
became the pastor of the cliurch with which his 
honored father had so long been connected. Al- 
though not very vigorous in health Mr. Callender 
performed a large amount of ministerial labor, 
preaching in different sections of the Common- 
wealth where his services were in demand. Spirit- 
ual prosperity attended his ministry with his own 
church, scarcely a month passing without some 
additions being made to it. While in the midst of 
his great usefulness he was cut down by death, the 
event occurring March 31, 1738, in the twentieth 
year of his ministry. He was the first native Bap- 



tist minister in this country who had received a 
collegiate education. He published a " Century 
Sermon" in the year 172l», commemorative of the 
landing of the Pilgrim Fathers. 

Callender, Rev. John, was born in Boston in 
1706, and was the nephew of Rev. Elisha Callen- 
der. In early youth he evinced unusual intellec- 
tual ability, and it was deemed best by his friends 
that he siiould have a liberal education. His pre- 
paratory studies having been completed he entered 
Harvard College, where he availed himself for his 
pecuniary support of the HoUis foundation. He 
was graduated in the class of 1723. A few years 
after his graduation he was ordained as co-pastor, 
in Newport, R. I., with Rev. William Peckhaui. 
succeeding in this relation that gifted young 
preacher. Rev. John Comer. His ordination took 
place Oct. 13, 1731. Few Baptist ministers of his 
times were better educated than Mr. Callender. 
He was held in high respect in the community in 
which he lived, which at that time was among 
the most cultivated in New England. His best- 
known woi-k as an author is a " Historical Dis- 
course on the Civil and Religious Affairs of the 
Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plan- 
tation from the First Settlement in 1638 to the 
End of the First Century." An editidu of this 
valuable discourse was prepared with great care 
by Rev. Romeo Elton, D.D., and forms one of the 
volumes of the Rhode Island Historical Society's 
collections. It is regarded as standard authority 
in the matters of which it treats. Mr. Callender 
collected also many papers, which Rev. Mr. Backus 
found to be of great service to him in the prepara- 
tion of his history of the Baptists. Mr. Callender 
died Jan. 26, 1748. 

Campbell, Rev. Abner B., eldest son of Rev. 

J. H. Campbell, and a native of Georgia, is a man 
of great ability, sincere piety, and exceeding pru- 
dence. As a preacher he ranks high ; a graduate 
of Mercer University ; he has had charge of several 
churches in different parts of the State, and now 
in the prime of life he is the beloved pastor of the 
Columbus church. He is a trustee of Mercer 
University. 

Campbell, Rev. Charles D., son of Rev. J. H. 

Campbell, the able pastor of the Baptist church at 
Athens, Ga., was educated at Mercer University. 
He is a preacher of more than ordinary power, and 
a man of decided intellectual ability. He has been 
engaged in the ministry in Florida and Southern 
Georgia for quite a number of years, and was 
called from the charge of the church at Quitman 
to his present field of labor. 

Campbell, Duncan R., LL.D., was born in 
Perthshire, Scotland, Aug. 14, 1814. He was edu- 
cated for the Presbyterian ministry, and in this 
relation entered the pastorate at Nottingham, Eng- 



CAMPBELL 



CAMPBELL 



land, and subsequently became a missionary in 
London. He emigrated to the United States iti 
May, 1842, and soon after his arrival at Richmond, 
Va., sought membership in the First Baptist church 
of that city, and was baptized by Rev, Dr. Jeter. 
In the fall of 1842 he accepted the pastorate of 
Leigh Street church in Richmond, and in 1845, 
being in poor health, he removed to Kentucky, and 
accepted the pastorate of the church at George- 
town, where he labored with great success four 
years. He was then elected Professor of Hebrew 
and Biblical Literature in the theological seminary 
at Covington, Ky. In 1852 he was elected presi- 
dent of Georgetown College, filling the position 
with great ability until his death at Covington, Ky., 
Aug.'ie, 1865. 

Campbell, Rev. E. A., an efficient minister, who 
long labored in the Red River V'alley, La., was born 
in North Carolina in 1818, and was brought up in 
East Baton Rouge Parish, La. He settled west of 
Red River in 1845, and labored efficiently in this 
part of the State until his death, in 1857. 

Campbell, Rev. Israel S., is about fifty years 
of age ; was born in Kentucky during the days of 
slavery ; is nearly white in complexion, and presents 
the appearance of a well-bred gentleman. His style 
of speech is so generally correct that, were you not 
looking at him, you would suppose tliat a well- 
educated white man was speaking. By hard work 
he has been enabled to obtain an education sufficient 
to make him very useful among the colored people. 
He was licensed to preach in the State of Tennessee, 
and ordained in British North America in 1858. 
He has ministered successfully to the following 
churches: Friendship, Franklin Co., Tenn. ; Sand- 
wich, Little River, Buckstone, Chatham, Windsor, 
all of Ontario ; Sandusky, Cleveland, 0. : Baton 
Rouge, Gros Tete, La. : Houston, Ilearne, Columbus, 
and Galveston, Texas. He has been pastor of the 
Galveston church thirteen years. He has been 
moderator of Associations in Michigan, Louisiana, 
and Texas, and in the latter State of one Association 
for twelve years. He was president of the Freed- 
man's Baptist State Convention two years. He h.as 
acted as a general missionary for Texas while pas- 
tor at Galveston. He has baptized as many as 90 
at one time, and 1100 persons in all. 

Israel S. Campbell stands well among all classes 
of citizens in Galveston, and he has been occasion- 
ally spoken of as a candidate for Congress, when 
any one of his race has been considered as suitable 
for a representative. He has fortunately escaped 
from the entansilements of political life. 

Campbell, J. H., D.D., was bom in Mcintosh 
Co., Ga., on the 10th of February, 1807. His father, 
nf the same name, could trace his lineage in a 
direct line to the Scottish clan of Campbell. His 
mother's name was Denhain, and her parents, John 



Denham and Sarah Clancy, came to this country 
as emigrants in the same ship with Gen. Oglethorpe, 
in 1733. He was educated in early life at Sunbui-y, 
Liberty County, under the tuition of Rev. James 
Shannon, a teacher of distinguished excellence. 
Entering the State University at-Athens, he spent 
part of a year there, being recalled home by the 
death of his father to take charge of the estate and 
protect his two orphan sisters. Converted in his six- 
teenth year, he was baptized, joined the church, 
and soon began to preach. He immediately ex- 
hibited remarkable powers as a preacher, and was 
designated the "boy preacher." In his twenty- 
second year, after the marriage of his sisters, he 
repaired to Eatonton, Ga., and remained for two 
years in the theological school taught by Rev. Adiel 
Sherwood, pastor of the Eatonton Baptist church. 
He was ordained in 1830, by a Presbytery consist- 
ing of C. 0. Screven, S. S. Law, J. H. Dunham, and 
Luther Rice. His first pastorate was at Macon, 
Ga., in 1831 ; then he served at various times during 
a long, laborious, and very useful life the churches 
at Clinton, McDonough, Richland, Twiggs County, 
Lumpkin, Gi-iflBn, and Perry, among others. All 
through life he devoted himself entirely to the duties 
of his sacred calling, never turning aside to engage 
in any secular occupation, and through his instru- 
mentality thousands have been brought into the 
kingdom of Jesus. For five years he was the very 
successful agent for foreign missions in Georgia, , 
after which he entered upon the work of an evan- 
gelist for the State at large, in which he was also 
eminently successful. AVhile thus engaged the late 
war commenced, when he iiecame a voluntary mis- 
sionary in the army, in which useful work he per- 
severed until the conflict ended. His labors were 
sanctified to the salvation of hundreds, if not of 
thousands. 

Mr. Campbell has been a willing and active fel- 
low-laborer with the most prominent Baptists of 
Georgia for the last halfcentury, participating 
actively in all their educational and benevolent 
schemes and enterprises. For more than thirty 
years he acted upon the board of trustees for Mer- 
cer University ; was instrumental in founding col- 
leges for young ladies at Lumpkin and Cuthbert, 
and in establishing the Georgia Deaf and Dumb 
Institution at Cave Spring. 

Perhaps no man of modern times has been more 
devoted to the work of preaching Christ and him 
crucified, and few have been more successful in 
building up his kingdom. As a revival preacher 
he is very powerful, his style being ardent, earnest, 
pathetic, and eloquent. He is a man of great 
firmness of will, never abandoning an object when 
convinced of its propriety and importance. His 
chief literary work is " Georgia Baptists — Histori- 
cal and Biographical," an exceedingly valualile 



CAMPBELL 



179 



CANADLAN 



book, in which is gathered much information which 
otherwise would have been lost. Two of his sons 
are now ministers of the gospel, occupying promi- 
nent pastorates in the State. 

Mr. Campbell's life has been no failure. Side by 
side with the wisest and best of the denomination 
he has labored faithfully and efficiently to build up 
the Baptist interests of Georgia and promote the 
honor of Jesus. 

Campbell, Hon. John Price, Jr., son of John 
Price Campbell, was born in Christian Co., Ky., 
Dec. 8, 1820. He was educated for the law, and 
practiced the profession for nine years at Lexing- 
ton, Mo., serving two terms in the Legislature of 
that State ; removing to his native State, was 
elected to Congress in 18.55. At the close of his 
term he declined re-election and retired to private 
life on his farm in Christian County, where he has 
since remained. 

Campbell, Rev. William J., was born in 1812, 

and was, until he reached manhood, the servant of 
Mr. Paulding. As the body-servant of his master 
he traveled extensively, and gathered general in- 
formation, which was valuable to him as a preacher 
and pastor. He was baptized by Andrew Marshall, 
and liecame a member of the First Colored Baptist 
church in Savannah ; was elected a deacon, and in 
a few years after this was licensed to preach. An- 
drew Marshall took a great interest in him, and 
when he left home on a collecting mission in the 
North, AVin. J. Campbell was placed in charge of 
the church. Andrew Marshall never returned, 
having died in Virginia. Wm. J. Campbell be- 
came pastor about the year 1856. He entered with 
energy upon the work of completing the brick 
building on Franklin Square. He secured means 
for this purpose at home and abroad. It was fin- 
ished and opened for worship during the war, and 
the dedication sermon was delivered by Rev. S. 
Landrum. It is a very neat and large church edi- 
fice. Mr. Campbell regarded its dedication to God 
as sacred. At the close of the war, when other 
colored churches were opened for political purposes, 
this was kept closed against all such assemblies. 
The chui-ch became very large. A few years ago 
a difficulty arose, which resulted in the pastor and 
deacons, with 700 members, retiring from the build- 
ing, but claiming still to be the church. After this 
Mr. Campbell and his friends worshiped in a hall 
of the Beech Institute. 

Mr. Campbell was fully African, quite black, 
about five feet eight inches high. He died on the 
10th of October, 1880, aged sixty-eight. He left a 
wife, but no children. His funeral was attended 
by twelve or fifteen hundred people from the First 
Bryan Baptist church. Rev. U. L. Houston pastor. 

He had the respect of the people of Savannah, 
and especially of the white population. The pas- 



torates of Andrew Bryan, Andrew Marshall, and 
Wm. J. Campbell over the same church, virtually, 
extended from 1775 to 1880, a period of 105 ye.ars. 
Canadian Literary Institute.— A few friends 
of ministerial education in Canada, not wholly dis- 
couraged by the failure to establish a permanent 
institution at Montreal (see article Montreal Col- 
lege), resolved, in the autumn of 1856, to make 
another experiment, which, while having special 
reference to the training of young men for the min- 
istry, should also look to the general education of 
the young of either sex. Lilieral offers were made 
by three places — Fonthill, Brantford, and Wood- 
stock — to induce the friends of the enterprise to lo- 
cate the institute in these towns. Woodstock was 
selected, responsible parties having pledged $16,000 
to be given to the institute. In due time Rev. Dr. 
R. A. Fyfe was called to take charge of the institu- 
tion, and the school was opened July 4, 1860, and 
its prospects looked hopeful. These prospects were 
apparently blighted by a tire, which, on the 8th 
of January, consumed the institute building. A 
large number of students had just come to Wdod- 
stock, after a vacation, to commence work in their 
respective classes, and, in spite of the great misfor- 
tune which had befallen the school, it was decided 
to go on. A deep interest was awakened among 
the Canadian Baptists in consequence of the disas- 
ter referred to, and what at first seemed a great 
calamity turned out to be a rich blessing. In a few 
weeks $21,000 were pledged towards the erection 
of a new building, larger and better than the one 
that had been burned. But there are other and 
more pressing wants of a young struggling seat 
of learning besides proper buildings. One ])y ( ne 
these have been met, and successful work done in 
both the literary and the theological departments. 
The statistics which we are able to give of what 
tlie institute has accomplished since it was opened 
in 1860 sliow that hundreds have been the 
recipients of its advantages, many of whom have 
entered the ministry; 61 have graduated from the 
theological department; 40 have settled as pastors 
who were unable to take a full course of study. A 
large number of persons, both male and female, 
who have enjoyed the benefits of the courses of 
study which the institute has furnished, are in the dif- 
ferent professions and callings of life, owing to it a 
debt of gratitude which they cannot easily repa3^ 
The school has now reached a period to which all 
similar seminaries of learning sooner or later come, 
when its future usefulness, and existence even, de- 
pend on the solution of the question of endowment. 
The late lamented president, Dr. Fyfe, asked that at 
least $120,000 .should be raised for such an endow- 
ment. The question of the removal of the theolog- 
ical department to Toronto has been discussed. 
Should the funds necessary to pliice both the lit- 



CANDEE 



CANNE 



erary and the theological departments on a firm 
foundation be secured, the proposed plan may be 
carried out. Since the above was written it has 
l)een decided that a theological seminary shall be 
erected near Toronto, the site and buildings of which 
will cost $75,000, and a generous member of the 
Jarvis Street church of Toronto, whose liberality 
is known throughout Canada, has agreed to defray 
the entire expense of the ground and structure. 

Candee, John Button, editor of the Bridgeport 
Republican Standard, Conn., son of Benjamin and 
Almira C. (Dutton) Candee, was born in Pompey, 
N. Y., June 12, 1819. His ancestors were among 
the earliest settlers of New England; his parents 
were natives of Oxford, Conn. ; the Candees were 
of Huguenot blood and the Buttons of English ex- 
traction. At the age of nine, soon after the death 
of his father, he became a farm-boy ; afterwards 
serving in a printing-office; was fitted for college 
in Hamilton, N. Y. ; passed two years at Madison 
University : entered Yale College, and graduated 
in 1847. He studied law, and practiced the legal 
profession for about twelve years; in 1863 he 
began his career as an editor, and has continued as 
such until the present time (1880) ; was baptized 
in May, 1835, by Rev. Rollin H. Neale, D.D., in 
New Haven, Conn. ; always interested in Sunday- 
schools ; has been prominently connected with the 
religious interests of Connecticut : was clerk of the 
State Legislature; served for years as prosecuting 
officer of NeAV Haven, two years as city attorney, 
and one year as city councilman ; three years as 
common councilman of Bridgeport, Conn. He is 
known by his graceful pen, decided views, strong 
principles, and purity of life. His able conduct of 
the daily and weekly Standard, of Bridgeport, 
Conn., as editor and publisher, has given him a 
worthy historical niche. 

Canne, Rev. John. — Mr. Canne was a native 
of England. He was born about 1590. For some 
time he ministered to a church in the Episcopal 
establishment of his native country, and for many 
years he was pastor of " The Ancient English 
Church" of Amsterdam, in Holland. In Amster- 
dam he carried on the business of a printer and 
bookseller, though it is certain that he could have 
given little, if any, personal attention to these pur- 
suits, when we consider his zeal and journeys to 
preach the gospel and found churches, and his 
very numerous writings. 

In 1634 he published in Amsterdam " The Ne- 
cessity of Separation," a work which was widely 
circulated in England, and which produced very 
important results. The object of the book was to 
show the Puritans in the English Church that they 
were bound to forsake her ceremonies, her bishops, 
and her comfortable livings and found pure churches 
(if their own. The Boston Puritans were angry 



with Roger Williams for holding the same doc- 
trine. One of the most successful efforts of Mr. 
Canne's life resulted from a visit he paid to Bristol 
in 1641. At that time there was a clergyman in 
Bristol named Hazzard, rector of one of the city 
churches, a Puritan. Mrs. Dorothy Hazzard, his 
wife, was a lady of great faith and of firm resolu- 
tion. When Bristol was besieged, as the rumor 
spread that some of the enemy had penetrated 
within the lines of its defenders, " she and other 
women, with the help of some men, stopped up 
Froome gate with woolsacks and earth to keep the 
enemy from entering the city ; and when the women 
had done this they went to the gunners and told 
them that if they would stand out and fight they 
would stand by thera, and they should not want 
for provisions." Mrs. Hazzard, Goodman Atkins, 
Goodman Cole, Richard Moone, and Mr. Bacon 
had formed a separate meeting in 1640, in Mrs. 
Hazzard's house, to worship the Lord according to 
the requirements of his Holy Word. The meet- 
ing, however, was not intended to be a church, and 
in.aU probability would have perished, like thou- 
sands of similar unions for social worship, had not 
John Canne visited Bristol in 1641. "This ha}}- 
tized man," as he is called, or Baptist, "was very 
eminent in his day for godliness and for reforma- 
tion in religion, having great understanding in the 
way of the Lord." Mrs. Hazzard having heard 
of his arrival, brought him from the hotel to her 
residence, and he instructed the little meeting in 
the way of the Lord more perfectly, and constituted 
them into a chui-ch of Christ, and he showed them 
the diflPerence between a true and a false church, 
and when he left them he gave them books to conr 
firm and establish them in church order and gospel 
purity. Broadmead church, Bristol, thus usiiered 
into life, is a flourishing community at this day, 
and its record for usefulness is behind few churches 
of any denomination in the Old World. 

Edward Terrill, baptized seventeen years after 
John Canne formed the church, at his death, left 
a valuable bequest to educate young men for the 
Baptist ministry. His enlightened liberality led 
to the establishment of Bristol College, and indi- 
rectly of our other British colleges. 

The greatest work of John Canne's laborious 
and useful life was his marginal references to 
the Bible. It was published at Amsterdam about 
1637. It was the first English Bible that had mar- 
ginal references throughout. This eff'ort of Canne 
has been a blessing of the greatest magnitude to 
the readers of the English Bible ever since, and, 
like the "Pilgrim's Progress," it justly purchased 
for Mr. Canne an immortality of fame. Tlie labor 
expended upon it was immense. Before the writer 
lies a copy of the Edinburgh edition of 1747, with 
Canne's preface, in which he states : " It is said 



CAPER TON 



181 



CAREY 



of Jacob that he served seven years for Rachel, 
and it seemed but a few days for the love he had 
for her. I can truly speak it ; I have served the 
Lord in this -work more than thrice seven years, 
and the time hath not seemed long, neither hath 
the work been any way a burden to me for the love 
I liiive had for it." 

One reason which he gives for the preparation 
of his w^ork is, " Some people will be more willing 
and forward to read and search the Scriptures, 
having by them a guide and help, as when they 
meet with any place that is dark, and they under- 
stand it not, than by direction to some other text 
of Scripture immediately to be informed and satis- 
fied, without looking into commentaries, which it 
may be they have not. A Scripture interpreter 
will encourage men to exercise themselves in the 
meditation and study of the Scriptures, as when a 
man hath a light carried befoi'c him he goeth more 
cheerfully than if he were in the dark and groyied 
for his way. By this means not only the knowledge 
of God and his truth will grow and increase, but 
the Scriptures will be unto people more Familiar 
and more their own (as I may say) than they 
Avere before." His leading principle is that " the 
Scripture is the best interpreter of the Scripture." 
Mr. Canne was governed by the Baptist maxim 
that the Bible is everything in religion, and as a 
result of this that the Scripture should be studied 
by every human being. To his eighteen published 
works, Canne intended to add " an edition of the 
Bible in a large and fair character, with large an- 
notations," a work upon which he had spent m.any 
years, a commentary ; but he did not live to see 
it completed. 

He was frequently persecuted, very much Inved, 
and widely useful. He died in 1667. 

Caperton, Alexander Cotton, D.D., was born 
in Jackson Co., Ala., Feb. 4, 1831. His early child- 
hood was spent on a farm in Mississippi, whither 
his parents had removed. He received the rudi- 
ments of an education in the common schools of his 
neighborhood, and afterwards taught school to pro- 
cure the means for entering Mississippi College, 
where he graduated in 1856. He then went to 
Rochester, N. Y., and in 1858 graduated in the 
theological seminary at that place. He returned 
home and accepted a professorship in Mississippi 
College. During the civil war he engaged in farm- 
ing as a means of support for his family, but did 
not desist from preaching. At the close of the war 
he was chosen pastor of a church in Memjihis. and 
was subsequently stationed at Mayfield, Ky., and 
Evansville, Ind. In 1871 he became co-editor, and 
soon after sole editor and proprietor of the Westei-n 
Recorder, a leading Baptist weekly paper, pub- 
lished at Louisville, Ky. He is also editor and 
proprietor of the American Baptist, a paper pub- 



lished at Louisville for the colored people, and has 
established a book and publishing house in Louis- 
ville. In addition to these labors. Dr. Caperton 
preached several hundred times a year, and is an 
active member of the missionary and Sunday-school 
boards of his denomination in Kentucky. 

Capwell, Albert B., Esq., a well-known lawyer 
and prominent Baptist layman of Brooklyn, N. Y., 
was born in Middlebury, N. Y., in 1818, and died 
in Brooklyn, Aug. 23, 1880. He was graduated 
from Yale College in 1842. He studied law at the 
Harvard Law Sclmol, and commenced practice in 
New York in 1845. He devoted himself to civil 
cases, especially to those involving life insurance 
and real estate titles. He was a prominent member 
of Strong Place Baptist church, and one of its 
founders ; served as a deacon for many years, and 
was an active worker in the Sunday-school. He 
was president of the board of trustees of the Bap- 
tist Home for the Aged in Brooklyn, and also of the 
Baptist Social Union. He has been elected on 
several occasions moderator of the Long Island 
Baptist Association. He was also president of the 
board of trustees of the Rochester Theological Semi- 
nary. He was identified with many of the great 
benevolent enterprises of the Baptists, and philan- 
thropic institutions of the country. 

Carey, Rev. George Montgomery W., A.M., 

was born in Belfast, Ireland, March 10, 1S20. and 
trained at the Moi-avian School, Grace Hill, near 




REV. Gi;ORGE MOXTGOJIERV W . CAREY, A.M. 

Belfast; converted in Glengarry County, Canada, 
and baptized at Breadalbane, in the same county, 
July, 1847 ; graduated from Rochester University 



CAREY 



182 



CAREY 



July, 1856 ; ordained at St. Catharines, Ontario, 
soon after ; graduated from Rochester Theological 
Seminary, 1858, and continued at St. Catherines ; 
became in 1865 pastor of German Street Baptist 
church, St. John, New Brunswick, and still con- 
tinues in the office with great acceptance and use- 
fulness. Mr. Carey is very popular in the pulpit 
and on the platform. 

Carey, William, D.D., was born in Purey, 
Northamptonshire, England, Aug. 17, 1761. In 
his boyhood lie was an extreme Episcopalian, re- 
garding dissenters with sovereign contempt. His 
father and grandfather officiated as clerks in the 
Episcopal Church, and young Carey from childhood 




loved tiie house in which they held this humble 
position. 

Mr. Carey was baptized by Dr. Ryland, Oct. 5, 
1783, in the river Nen, just above Dr. Doddridge's 
ciiurch, Northampton. For three years and a 
lialf he preached to a little community in Bos- 
ton, walking six miles each way to render the 
service. 

He was ordained pastor of the church of Moulton 
Aug. 1. 1787; the sermon on the occasion was 
preached by the Rev. Andrew Fuller. His salary 
at Moulton w<is just $75 a year, and when he en- 
tered upon his labors in that field he had a wife 
iind two children to support. 

Mr. Carey had probably the greatest facility for 
acrqniring foreign languages ever possessed by any 
Iniman being. At any rate, no one ever possessed 
a larger measure of this extraordinary talent. In 
seven years he learned Latin, Greek, Hebrew, 



French, and Dutch, and in acquiring these lan- 
guages he had scarcely any assistance. 

In reading the voyages of the celebrated Captain 
Cook he first had his attention directed to tiie 
heathen world, and especially to its doomed con- 
dition ; the topic soon filled his mind and engrossed 
his heart. And though the subject was beset by 
innumerable and apparently insurmountable diffi- 
culties, and though the work was novel to him and 
to every one of his friends, yet he felt impelled by 
an unseen power to go and preach the gospel to the 
heathen. His first selected field of labor was Tahiti. 

He issued a pamphlet entitled "An Inquiry into 
the Obligation of Christians to Use Means for the 
Conversion of the Heathen." This publication 
made a deep impression upon Mr. Carey's friends, 
and it had an extensive influence in turning their 
minds and hearts to the idolaters of distant lands. 
Mr. Carey became pastor of the church in Leices- 
ter in 1789, and there he labored with untiring 
faithfulness among his flock, and formed plans 
with unquenchable zeal for the salvation of the 
heathen. From this church he went forth to India 
to give God's Word to its vast population. 

At the meeting of his Association, which was 
held at Nottingham, May 30, 1792, he preached on 
Isaiah liv. 2, 3, announcing the two memorable 
divisions of his discourse : " Expect great things 
from God; attempt great things for God." The 
sermon stirred up the hearts of his hearers as they 
had never been before ; every one felt the guilt of 
keeping the gospel from perishing myriads, and 
the need of making an effort to win his ignorant 
enemies to their Master. At Kettering, the church 
of Andrew Fuller, the Baptist Missionary Society 
was organized Oct. 2, 1792. The society was for- 
mally instituted in the house of the widow (.f Deacon 
Beeby Wallis. The little parlor which witnessed 
the birth of this society was the mos'j honored 
room in the British Islands, or in any part of 
Christendom ; in it was formed the first society of 
modern times for spreading the gospel among the 
heathen, the parent of all the great Protestant 
missionary societies in existence. 

The British East India Company had the gov- 
ernment of India at this period. No white man 
could settle in that country without their permis- 
sion, nor remain in it longer than they pleased. 
No ship could trade with it except one of their 
vessels. The Company was intensely hostile to 
missionaries, and to please the people of India 
they were ready to show the greatest respect for 
their gods. In 1801 a deputation from the govern- 
ment went in procession to the Kalee ghaut, the 
most opulent and popular shrine of the metropolis, 
and presented 5000 rupees to the idol in the name 
of the Company for the success which had attended 
the British arms. 



CAREY 



CAREY 



A Baptist surgeon in India, named Thomas, had 
preached Clirist occasionally to the natives, and in 
1793 he was in England to secure some fellow- 
wovker to go back with him to that dark land. 
Carey and he were appointed missionaries by the 
new society. They engaged passage on the " Earl 
of Oxford" to sail for the East, and they went on 
board to leave their native land ; but Mr. Carey had 
no license to go to India from the Company, and 
both the missionaries were put ashore ; Carey was 
greatly distressed by this unexpected blow, and felt 
as if his hopes were permanently crushed, but soon 
the Danish East Indiaman, the " Kron Princessa 
Mnria," was found, and in her they sailed June 1.3, 
1793. The voyage was a prosperous one, and the 
missionaries landed in health. For a few years 
Mr. Carey had charge of an indigo-factory, from 
which he received £240 per annum ; and at the 
same time he labored unobtrusively as a missionary. 
He could not stay in British India as an avowed 
missionary, and when, on their landing in Cal- 
cutta, Marshman and Ward were ordered' back to 
England, Iwcause the captain of their vessel re- 
turned them to the authorities as missionaries, 
Carey determined to make his abode at Serampnre 
for the future, and to take Marshman and Ward 
with him, where they could stay in defiance of the 
British East India Company. Serampore was a 
Danish settlement on the river Iloogly, 15 miles 
fi-om Calcutta. The kings of Denmark had sent 
out missionaries to convert the natives, and their 
government was in hearty sympathy with missions. 
Col. Bie, the representative of the Danish sovereign 
at Serampore, received Carey and his brethren witli 
generous hospitality, and he protected thein for 
years against tiio powerful governors of British 
India. The providence of God evidently kept this 
little spot under the rule of Denmark as a refuge 
for the missionaries until the pious people of Great 
Britain should abolish the heathenish law which 
excluded missionaries from India. Even the king 
of Denmark himself, as he learned from the gover- 
nor of Serampore the character and worth of the 
missionaries, becam'e their firm friend. In 1821, 
Frederick VI., king of Denmark, sent the mission- 
aries a gold medal, as an expressnn of his appre- 
ciation of their labors, and endowed the college 
which they had founded Avith tiie rent of a house 
worth about $5000. ■ And when in 1S45 the suc- 
cessor of Frederick ceded the Seramp ire settlement 
to the British government, he had an article inserted 
in the treaty confirming the Danish charter of the 
Serampore Baptist College. 

At Serampore the missionaries set up printing- 
presses ami a large boarding-school, and in process 
of time founded a college. Tlicy preached inces- 
santly, and Carey particularly studied tlie languages 
of the countrv with a measure of success never 



equaled before or since by any other settler in In- 
dia. He soon became the most learned man in the 
country. When Lord Wellesley founded the Col- 
lege of Fort William, in Calcutta, in 1801, to teach 
the language of Bengal to young Englishmen in 
the civil service of the Company in India, Dr. Carey 
was the only man in the East or in Great Britain 
qualified to teach that language correctly, and he 
received and accepted the appointment of professor 
in Fort William. In December, 1829, an act, for 
which he had long labored, was passed by the 
Council in India, abolishing the practice of burning 
widows with the bodies of their dead husbands. It 
was determined to publish the English and Bengali 
copies of the act simultaneously, and Dr. Carey was 
selected to make the version for the people of Ben- 
gal. Every day cost the lives of two widows, and 
instead of going into the pulpit on the morning of 
the Lord's day, when he received the order from 
Henry Shakespear, the secretary of the govern- 
ment, lie commenced his translation, and completed 
it before night, and that glorious act of Lord Wil- 
liam Bentinck, so dear to William Carey's heart, 
went forth to the nations of India in the polished 
Bengali of the great Baptist missionary. 

Carey was the author of a. Jlahratta grammar, 
and of a Sanscrit grammar, extending over more 
than a thousand quarto pages, a Punjabi grammar, 
a Telinga grammar, and of a Mahratta dictionary, 
a Bengali dictionary, a Bhotanta dictionary, and a 
Sanscrit dictionary, the manuscript of which was 
burned before it was printed. He was also tiie 
author of several other secular works. 

"The versions of the Sacred Scriptures, in the 
preparation of which he took an active and lal)Ori- 
ous part, include the Sanscrit, Hindu. Brijbbhassa, 
Mahratta, Bengali, Oriya, Telinga, Karnata, Mal- 
divian, Gurajattee, Bulooshe, Pushtoo, Punjabi, 
Kashmeer, Assam, Burman, Pali, or Magudha, Ta- 
mul, Cingalese, Armenian, Malay, Ilindostani, and 
Persian. In six of these tongues the whole Scrip- 
tures have been translated and circulated ; the New 
Testament has appeared in 23 languages, besides 
various dialects in which smaller portions of the 
sacred text have been printed. In tliirty years 
Carey and his lirethren rendered the Word of God 
accessible to one-third of the world."' And even 
this is not all : before Carey's death 212,000 copies 
of tlie Scriptures were issued from Serampore in 
40 different languages, the tongues of 330,000,000 
of the human family. Dr. Carey was the greatest 
tool-maker for missionaries that ever labored for 
God. His versions are used to-day by all denomi- 
nations of Ciiristians throughout India. 

Most of his income was given away in Bible 
distribution. The missionaries at Serampore placed 
their gains in a common fund, from which they drew 
a scanty .support ; Marshman's successful school 



CAEEY 



CARPENTER 



and Carey's professorship furnished a large sur- 
plus for the printing and circulation of the Scrip- 
tures. Carey, Marshinan, and Ward gave during 
their stay in India nearly $400,000 to the spread 
of revealed light in that country cursed by miser- 
able gods. 

Tlie first Hindoo convert baptized by Dr. Carey 
in India was the celebrated Krishna Pal. Dr. 
Carey founded churches and mission stations in 
many parts of India, and planted seed from which 
he gathered precious harvests, and from which his 
successors have reaped abundantly. 

A visitor in 1821 describes Dr. Carey as short in 
stature, with white hair, and a countenance equally 
bland and benevolent in feature and expression. 

He had three wives, one of whom reluctantly ac- 
companied him from his native land, and the second 
and third he married in India. 

The last sickness of Dr. Carey found him with 
perfect peace of mind ; he was ready and anxious 
to go to his blessed vSaviour. Lady Bentinck, the 
wife of the governor, frequently visited him, and 
Bishop Wilson, of Calcutta, came and besought his 
blessing. He died June 9, 1834, in his seventy- 
third year. 

Dr. Carey had great decision of character. After 
he had thoroughly weighed a subject his resolution 
about it was taken, and nothing could make him 
change the purpose he had formed. His persever- 
ance to accomplish a proper end knew no bounds ; 
he would labor through discouragements for twenty 
years or more to carry out a Christian purpose. 
When he had a clear conviction of duty he could 
not disobey his conscience ; to keep it without of- 
fense was one of the great aims of his life. He 
never doubted the help of God in his own time to 
aid iiim in carrying out the plan of love which he 
had formed. He cai-efully husbanded every mo- 
ment, and in that way he was able to perform more 
labor than any man in Europe or Asia in his day. 
He had as unselfish a heart as ever beat with love 
to Jesus. 

In denouncing contemptuous sneers poured on 
Carey, Marshman, and Ward, the celebrated Dr. 
Southey says, ''These low-born, low-bred me- 
chanics have done more to spread the knowledge 
of the Scriptures among the heathen than has been 
accomplished, or even attempted, by all the world 
beside." In the British House of Commons the 
celebrated William Wilberforce said of Dr. Carey, 
"He had the genius as well as the benevolence to 
devise the plan of a society for communicating 
the blessings of Christian light to the natives of 
India. To qunlify himself for this truly noble en- 
terprise he had resolutely applied himself to the 
study of the learned langunges ; and after making 
considerable proficiency in them, applied himself 
to several of the Oriental tongues, and more espe- 



cially to the Sanscrit, in which his proficiency is 
acknowledged to be greater than that of Sir Wil- 
liam Jones, or any other European." At his death 
resolutions expressive of admiration for the great 
benevolence and vast learning of Dr. Carey were 
passed by many societies in Europe and Asia. 
Nor is there any doubt that had Carey been a 
Catholic he would have been canonized immedi- 
ately after death, and held up as worthy of more 
exalted veneration than St. Francis Xavier him- 
self The Protestant world, however, unites in 
honoring him as the father of modern missions. 

Carnahan, Eev. David Franklin, was born in 
White Hall, Montour Co., Pa., Sept. 16, 1825. He 
graduated at Lewisburg University, Aug. 18, 1852, 
and the same year, September 28, he was ordained 
as pastor of the Bridgeport church, Montgomery 
Co., Pa. In 1856 he was settled as pastor of the 
Calvary Baptist church in Philadelphia. In 1859 
he was called to the pastorate of the First Baptist 
church in Zanesville. 0. He was subsequently 
pastor at Dayton, 0.; Burlington, Iowa; Aurora 
(First church), Springfield, Urbnna, Dixon, and 
Streator, 111. He is now ]iastor of the Baptist 
church in Appleton, Wis. He was corresponding 
secretary and superintendent of missions of the 
Ohio Baptist State Convention from 1856 to 1861. 
He was superintendent of missions of the Genei-al 
Association of Illinois in 1867-68, and agent of tiie 
American and Foreign Bible Society in 1863. He 
acted as financial agent of the Wayland Academy 
for a brief period in 1878-79. During the war ho 
was major of the 78th Regiment Ohio Vol. In- 
fantry in 1861-62, and was present with his regi- 
ment at Fort Donelson, Pittsburg Landing, Cor- 
rinth, and luka. He served the Philadelphia As- 
sociation as clerk in 1855-56, and was recording 
secretary of the Baptist State Convention of Penn- 
sylvania in 1856. Mr. Carnaiian has been and is 
still one of the most usefui ministers in the Baptist 
Church in the Northwest, and has never done a 
more successful work in his fruitful ministry tlmn 
he is now doing in Appleton, Wis. 

Carpenter, E,ev. C. H., was born in 1835, and 
was a graduate of Harvard University and the 
Newton Theological Institution. He received his 
appointment July 1, 1862, and sailed the follow- 
ing October for Burmah. On reaching Rangoon 
the following May. Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter found 
a home in the family of Dr. Binney, whose assist- 
ant he was to be in the njanagement of the theo- 
logical seminary. At once his warmest sympathies 
were enlisted for the Karens, of whom he says, 
"If there is a people anywiiere eager to learn, it 
is the Karens. Tliey come down to Kemendine 
sometimes hundreds of miles, on foot, not to make 
money, but to study. I wish you could see Dr. 
Binney's 62 bare-footed, bare-legged students of 



CARPENTER 



CARPENTER 



theology." Dr. Binney, under date of Oct. 24, 
1863, wrote, "Mr. Carpenter has commenced to 
give some instruction in arithmetic, and I think he 
is doing well. The main object of this early effort 
is to get, as soon as possible, into communication 
with the pupils, and then to feel his way along. It 
is hard work, but it is to be hoped it will pay well." 
A year from this date, he speaks in warm terms of 
the success of his assistant and wife, and of the 
progress he had made in learning the language. 
Dr. Binney having retired from the institution in 
1865, Mr. Carpenter and Mr. Smith had the super- 
vision of its affairs. After the return of Dr. Binney, 
near the close of 1866, Mr. Carpenter continued his 
connection with him, Mr. Smith removing to Hen- 
thada. Mr. Carpenter remained in the department 
of instruction in the theological seminary until 
his transfer to Bassein, in December, 1868, to fill 
the place made vacant by the death of Mr. Thomas. 
His labors at this station were eminently successful, 
until his failing health obliged him for a time to be 
absent from his field. He left for the United States 
early in 1872. At the request of the Burmah Bap- 
tist Association, Mr. Carpenter on leaving Bassein 
visited Siam, on a missionary exploring expedition. 
He crossed the boundary between British Burmah 
and Siam, at a point known as " Three Pagodas," 
and made his way to the residence of the Pwo 
Karen, governor of the district of Phra-thoo-wan. 
He was accompanied in this journey by several 
native assistants. Together they visited 43 vil- 
lages. The households, which were in the valley 
of one of the rivers which they passed through, 
were believed to be more than 1000 in number, or 
about 5000 persons. The estimate of the whole 
number of Karens in the country which was 
traversed made it not far from 50,000. 

After remaining in this country for some time, 
Mr. Carpenter returned to Burmah, under appoint- 
ment as president of the Rangoon Baptist College. 
He was convinced that it would be better to remove 
the college to Bassein, but his wishes in this respect 
were overruled, and he was transferred to the Bas- 
sein station, to resOme the work which had pre- 
viously occupied his thoughts and energies. The 
report of the first twelve months' work presents 
many things to inspire hope and encouragement. 
The number baptized was 282. In like manner, 
the next twelve months were crowded with hard 
work, and attended with some peculiar trials. He 
reports in the stations and out-stations under 
his special charge 85 churches and 114 native 
preachers, the number of church members being 
6366. The work at Bassein has gone forward 
under the direction of Mr. Carpenter with healthful 
progress. The report of the Executive Committee, 
presented in May last, speaks encouragingly of his 
labors. If the life and health of Mr. Carpenter 
13 



are spared, his usefulness will increase from year 
to year, and the Bassein, S'gau, and Karen missions 
will be among the most prosperous in Asia. 

Carpenter, Rev. John M., was born Sept. 30, 
1804, at Mechanicstown, Orange Co., N. Y. He was 
converted and baptized when about twenty ; he was 
licensed to preach in 1836, and was immediately 
appointed by the board of the New Jersey Baptist 
State Convention to labor at Schooley's Jlountain. 
He was ordained in 1837. Mr. Carpenter was 
pastor for thirteen years at Jacobstown, N. J., and 
has filled other important pastorates. As sec- 
retary of the Convention for seventeen years, and 
in other services for the board, he has been very 
useful. His thorough knoM'ledge of the denomi- 
national statistics, and his memory of Baptist his- 
tory in New Jersey, make him the source of infor- 
mation- for all who wish to obtain facts and figures 
on those topics. Mr. Carpenter's library is rich in 
associational minutes, pamphlets, and works per- 
taining to the Baptists. He is a logical thinker 
and sermonizer, and an energetic preacher. He 
may be aptly called " The living Baptist Cyclo- 
paedia of New Jersey." 

Carpenter, Rev. Mark, was born at Guildford, 
Vt., Sept. 23, 1802. He pursued his studies at 
Amherst College, and at Union College, Avhere he 
graduated in. the class of 1829. He studied the- 
ology at Newton, graduating in 1833. He was or- 
dained at Milford, N. H., Feb. 12, 1834, where lie 
remained for sis years. His next settlement was 
at Keene, N. H. He was the pastor of the Baptist 
church in this place for five years, and then removed 
to New London, N. H., remaining there four years, 
and to Holyoke, Mass., where he was pastor ten 
years. From Holyoke he went to Brattleborough, 
Vt., in 1861, resigning his charge there in 1867. 
His next settlements were in West Dummerston, 
Vt., and South Windham, from which place he 
removed to Townshend, Vt. 

Carpenter, Prof. Stephen Hopkins, was born 
Aug. 7, 1831, at Little Falls, Herkimer Co., N. Y. 
He died at Geneva, N. Y. 

Prof Carpenter graduated from Rochester Uni- 
versity in 1852. In 1855 he received the degree of 
A.M., and in 1872 that of LL.D. He was appointed 
tutor in the Wisconsin State University in 1852. 
He was elected in 1860 to the professorship of 
Ancient Languages in St. Paul College at Palmyra, 
Mo. In 1866 he was tendered the chair of Rhetoric 
in" the Wisconsin State University, which he filled 
with great ability until his death. He occupied 
for a time the position of Superintendent of Public 
Instruction of Wisconsin. He was a diligent stu- 
dent, and his attainments were very extensive. He 
wrote largely on educational and religious subjects, 
and delivered frequent addresses on science and 
literature. Ten or twelve of his addresses are pub- 



CARROLL 



CARSON 



lislied, and many articles of an educational and 
religious character were printed in the periodicals 
of the denomination with which he was connected. 
Although not an ordained minister, he preached 
frequently for the church of which he was a mem- 
ber, with great ability. His sermons on the inspi- 
ration of the Scriptures are considered as among 
the ablest ever published on that subject. Although 
occupying a conspicuous place among the educators 
of the State, and eminent in his attainments in 
science and literature, he will be longest remem- 
bered as the sincere Christian and loyal disciple of 
the Lord Jesus Christ. 

Carroll, Rev. B. H., pastor of the First Baptist 
church, Waco, Texas, and associate editor of the 




REV. B. H. CARROLL. 

Texas Baptist, was born December, 1843, in Car- 
roll Co., Miss. ; has been in Texas about twenty 
years; served four years in the Confederate States 
army ; was wounded in the battle of Mansfield, 
La., 1864; was converted in the summer of 1865, 
and ordained in 1866. He was educated at Baylor 
University. Besides many published sermons and 
addresses, he is the author of two pamphlets, " Com- 
munion from a Bible Standpoint," and " The Mod- 
ern Social Dance," which have attained a wide 
circulation both in and out of Texas. He has been 
for years vice-president of the Baptist General 
Association of Texas, and is the vice-president 
from Texas on the Domestic Mission Board of the 
Southern Baptist Convention. 

He is one of the first preachers of his age in the 
Baptist ministry of the Southern States. 

Carroll, Rev. John Lemuel, was bom in Du- 



plin Co., N. C, Dec. 21, 1836. He made a profession 
of religion at the early age of nine, and became a 
member of the Beaver Dam church ; he was licensed 
to preach by the same church, January, 1858 ; 
was educated at AVake Forest College and at the 
University of North Carolina, graduating at the 
latter institution with distinction in 1863. He was 
ordained in the college chapel May 12, 1862, and 
was the pastor of several churches in his native 
State. Mr. Carroll was also an instructor in Ox- 
ford Female College, and afterwards pastor of 
the Oxford church. In 1869 he became agent for 
St. John's College, Oxford, in which he was very 
successful, after which he resided at Wake Forest 
College, being at the time a trustee of the institu- 
tion and secretary of the board, and being also the 
pastor of several churches. In March of 1871 he 
was invited to the pastorate of the church in War- 
renton, Va., in which field he is still laboring. 
Few men excel Mr. Carroll in apt and vigorous 
extemporaneous speaking in denominational meet- 
ings. 

Carson, Alex., LL.D., of Tubbermore, County 
Londonderry, Ireland, was born not far from 
Cookstown, County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1776. The 
family is of Scotch origin, and probably came to 
the north of Ireland in the time of James I., when 
the people who have built Belfast and Derry, and 
who now make linen for the world, first accepted 
an Irish for their Scottish home. The region around 
his birthplace has been desolated many times since 
the Scotch settlement of Ulster by Irish rebellions 
and massacres, and by popish treachery and cruelty. 
Opposition to Kome burns more fiercely over that 
locality than perhaps in any other section of Eu- 
rope. 

Alexander Carson in early life was called into 
sacred relations with the Redeemer, and from that 
hour he became a decided Christian. At the Uni- 
versity of Glasgow he was proverbial for his dili- 
gence, and for the thoroughness with which he 
pursued his studies. And though in his class there 
were young men of brilliant talents, who attained 
distinguished positions in subsequent life in Scot- 
land, Mr. Carson graduated with the first honor. 

He was settled when a very young man as min- 
ister of the Presbyterian church of Tubbermore. 
The place had a population of perhaps 500, and it 
was surrounded by a large population of Scotch- 
Irish farmers. Very early in his ministi-y Mr. 
Carson was led to see that the Congregational was 
the. Scripture form of church government, and that 
believers' immersion was the baptism of the New 
Testament. When this change of conviction oc- 
curred Mr. Carson was placed in a situation of 
great emban-assment. He was receiving £100 per 
annum from the British government, under the 
name of Regium Donum, in common with all other 



CARSON 



187 



CARSON 



Presbyterian ministers of that day. His church 
gave him probably about £40 a year. This Regium 
Donum had demoralized the benevolent efforts of 
the Ulster Presbyterians so completely that if Mr. 
Carson's entire congregation had become Baptists 
he could not expect even a moderate support from 
their unaided liberality. And he well knew that 
his people were stern men, with all the steady at- 
tachment to principle which marked their Scottish 
fathers in times of fierce persecution. There was 
no Baptist missionary society for Ireland at that 
period, and the young minister had absolutely 
nothing to trust for his support except the naked 
providence of God ; but he was wholly Christ's, and 
he came out from a community dear to him by the 
tenderest associations and cast his burden on the 
Lord. His favorite hymn at this time was: 

" And must I part with all I have, 
My dearest Lord, for thee ? 
It is but right, since thou hast done 
Much more than that for me. 

" Yes, let it go, one look from thee 
Will more than make amends 
For all the losses I sustain 
Of wealth, of credit, friends." 

He placed himself upon our Baptist fo\indation, 
and gathered a community around him who re- 
ceived the Saviour's teachings as he proclaimed 
them, and he lived to see a church waiting upon 
his ministrations, of 500 members, with a congre- 
gation very much larger, the descendants of the 
grand old Presbyterians who in Scotland and Ire- 
land often faced death rather than desert their 
principles, many of whom walked from seven to 
ten miles to meet with the church at Tubbermore. 

In a few years his fame spread throughout Eng- 
land and Scotland. Robert and James Haldune, 
of Edinburgh, so well known for their great gifts to 
Christ's cause, their distinguished position in so- 
ciety, and their burning zeal as Baptist ministers, 
were his admiring and lasting friends. He was 
frequently invited to visit England to preach at 
mission anniversaries, or to aid in other great de- 
nominational undertakings; and in process of time 
he was recognized as the leading man in the Baptist 
denomination. 

Mr. Carson read extensively. He made the 
Greek language a special study, and it is not too 
much to say that he was among the first Greek 
scholars that have lived for centuries. It is well 
known that if he would sign the " Standards" of 
the Church of Scotland he could have had the pro- 
fessorship of Greek in the University of Glasgow, a 
position requiring fine scholarship and promising a 
large income, the indirect ofi'er of which to the 
pastor of a little company of Baptists in an obscure 
Scotch-Irish village was a strong testimonial to Mr. 
Carson's profound knowledge of the Greek tongue. 



Mr. Carson was one of the clearest reasoners of 
his day. He had an intellect so piercing that it 
could see through any sophistry in a moment. He 
was a logician with whom it was not wise to come 
in collision, unless one wished to know the confu- 
sion and mortification of being mercilessly beaten. 
He was a philosopher of no ordinary grade, as his 
works clearly exhibit, and we ai-e not surprised 
that his former Presbyterian friends, years after 
his connection with them, described him as "the 
Jonathan Edwards of the nineteenth century." 

He preached the word of God in expository lec- 
tures, pouring out its rich treasures and the wealth 
of his own sacred learning upon the throngs that 
united with him in the worship of God. Few ever 
heard him take a little text and suspend some 
weighty subject upon it by a slender connecting 
link. 

He practiced weekly communion, and his church 
follows the same custom still. He was in the habit 
of beginning the service by saying, " Accoi'ding to 
the apostolic example, let us salute one another 
with an holy kiss." He then kissed one of the dea- 
cons, and the injunction was observed around. 
This command of Paul in reference to a local cus- 
tom is not now observed in Tubbermore. After 
the sermon was over on the Lord's day the brethren 
arose and enforced it, or some other Christian 
theme, by appropriate exhortations. Nor did they 
feel backward to stand up, nor abashed to express 
their views in the presence of one of the greatest 
thinkers of the age, whose fatherly kindness was 
as familiar to them all as a household word. 

Space will not permit us to give a list of Dr. 
Carson's works, for they were very numerous. His 
octavo volume on baptism is a masterpiece of learn- 
ing and logic ; it overthrows quibbles about the 
Abrahamic covenant, giving authority to baptize 
children, as old as Augustine of Hippo, and as 
wide-spread as Pedobaptist Christendom, and alle- 
gations that baptism might mean sprinkling or 
pouring, with as much ease as a horse, unaccus- 
tomed to a rider, hurls to the ground the little boy 
who has ventured to mount him. A number of 
men in the Baptist ministry to-day, and very 
many in the membership of our churches, were 
drawn, or perhaps driven, to the Baptist fold by 
" Carson on Baptism." It was first published in 
London. It has been republished by the Baptist 
Publication Society in Philadelphia. His works 
should be in every Christian's library. 

His style to some seems a little dogmatical. He 
saw things clearly himself; he was wholly for 
truth and entirely against error, and his distinct 
perception and whole-heartedness made him impa- 
tient with the dull, and with those who tried to 
make the worse appear the better side, with full 
knowledge of its weakness. Anyhow, truth coming 



CAESON 



188 



CASTER 



forth like a defiant giant is more attractive than 
when it appears making simpering apologies for 
venturing to show its face, and to disturb the equa- 
nimity of error and wrong, though sturdy truth, 
carrying a sharp and needful sword in a sheath of 
love, pleases us most. 

Dr. Carson received the degree of LL.D. from 
Bacon College, Ky., an honor which no living man 
better deserved than he. 

In returning from England in 1844, where he 
had been delivering addresses in various places for 
the Baptist Missionary Society, he fell into the 
dock at Liverpool, where the water was twenty-five 
feet deep ; he was immediately rescued, and he 
sailed for Belfast. During the night he became 
alarmingly ill, and died the next day after landing, 
Aug. 24, 1844. He was nearly fifty years in the 
ministry. His death caused universal grief, and 
it left a vacancy in the ranks of scholarly Baptists 
which few men of any community on earth have 
the learned qualifications to fill. Since James 
Usher, archbishop of Armagh, was laid in his 
grave, no native of Ireland of Anglo-Irish or Scotch- 
Irish origin fully equaled Alexander Carson in 
learning and logic, and the aboriginal natives of 
Ireland are out of the question since the days of 
John Scotus Erigena, the friend of Charles the 
Bald. 

Carson, W. B., D.D., was born in Pickens Co., 
S. C, Dec. 14, 1821. Mr. Carson took ,an unusu- 
ally extensive course in the academical institution 
in Wetumpka, Ala. He joined the Presbyterian 
Church, the denomination of his ancestors, at 
eighteen. In 1849 he entered the theological 
seminary in Columbia, S. C, but after a very 
thorough investigation of the subject of baptism, 
he was baptized by James P. Boyce, D.D., LL.D. 
After he graduated he spent six years as pastor in 
Gillisonville, Beaufort District, now Hampton Co., 
S. C, where the society combined high culture, 
integrity, and piety in an uncommon degree. In 
1859 he became editor of the Southern Baptist, in 
Charleston, S. C, which position he occupied until 
the war caused the suspension of the paper. During 
this period its circulation greatly increased. 

Although opposed to secession, he went Avith his 
native State. He volunteered as a private, but was 
soon after made a chaplain. He, however, always 
went into the ranks in battle. After the war he 
was for two years principal of the State Academy 
at Reidville, Spartanburg Co., S. C, and for the 
same period of the Gowensville Seminary in Green- 
ville County. In 1873 the Furman University con- 
ferred upon him the title of D.D. He is at present 
pastor of the old Kirkland, now Smyrna, church, 
in Barnwell Co., S. C. He has written somewhat 
extensively for papers and reviews. 

Carswell, Rev. Eginardus Ruthven, M.D., 



was born in Burke Co., Ga., Oct. 22, 1822. His 
parents were both native Georgians. His ancestors 
came from Ireland, his grandfather being a captain 
in the Revolutionary war. He was educated chiefly 
at Penfield, attending both Mercer Institute and 
Mercer University. He graduated in medicine at 
the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, in March^ 
1844, and practiced medicine for ten years in 
Burke County. He experienced regenerating grace 
at the young men's twilight meeting at Penfield in 
the spring of 1840, and was baptized by Dr. Adiel 
Sherwood. Impressed early that it was his duty 
to preach, he became a licentiate, and frequently 
engaged in proclaiming the gospel, meanwhile 
studying theology irregularly during the ten years 
of his medical practice. He was ordained at 
Bushy Creek church, Dec. 12, 1852. His first 
pastorate was that of Way's church in Jefferson 
County. Afterwards he served Du Hart's, Louis- 
ville, Piney Grove, Big Buckhead, Bark Camp, 
and Sardis churches, in the Hephzibah Associa- 
tion, besides others in both Georgia and South 
Carolina. Mr. Carswell has been a strenuous ad- 
vocate of temperance, of the Sunday-school cause, 
of missions, and of the distinctive peculiarities of 
Baptists. He has always been in full sympathy 
with the work of his Association and of the Geor- 
gia Baptist and Southern Baptist Conventions, and 
he was, perhaps, the youngest delegate present at 
the formation of the Southern Baptist Convention 
at Augusta in 1845. Utterly fearless in his sup- 
port of what he deems the truth, Mr. Carswell 
possesses great natural eloquence. He is noted 
for the power and pungency of his appeals, for 
logical force, and for rhetorical and figurative 
illustrations. Mr. Carswell married Miss L. A. 
Pior, Nov. 2, 1847, and they have raised six chil- 
dren, all of whom are members of Baptist churches, 
and two of whom are promising young ministers. 
Often made the moderator of the Hephzibah Asso- 
ciation, he has been honored by his brethren in 
various other ways in evidence of their confidence 
and high esteem. In 1872 he was selected to preach 
the first centennial sermon delivered in Georgia, — 
that of the Bottsford Baptist church in Burke 
County. 

Carter, Rev. E.J. G., a promising young man 
of Union Association, Ark., was born in Missis- 
sippi in 1846 ; he removed to Arkansas in 1852 ; 
began to preach aljout 1870 ; ordained 1876. He 
labored extensively with churches in Washita and 
Nevada Counties. He died in 1879. 

Carter, Rev. James, was one of the most earn- 
est-minded, zealous, pious, and useful of all the 
ministers who have aided in building up the Bap- 
tist cause in Georgia. He was born near Powelton, 
Hancock County, in 1797, and, after a laborious life, 
died at Indian Springs. Butts County, Aug. 25, 



CARTER 



CARTER 



1859. His parents were Virginians, who emigrated 
to Georgia, and he was tlie youngest child. Hope- 
fully converted at an early age, he was baptized by 
Jesse Mercer ; was licensed at twenty years of age, 
and began to preach in Butts County, where he 
had settled about 1823. He was instrumental, soon 
after being licensed, in constituting Macedonia 
church in Butts County, of which he continued 
pastor thirty years, residing all the while upon a 
farm which belonged to him. Besides Macedonia, 
Mr. Carter was the pastor of the churches at Holly 
Grove, Indian Springs, and other places ; but, while 
his labors were confined mostly to Butts and con- 
tiguous counties, he frequently made extensive 
preaching tours to other parts of the State, and, 
owing to his strong constitution and vigorous 
health, performed an immense amount of labor. 

Dr. J. H. Campbell, in his " Georgia Baptists," 
says, " It is doubtful whether any of our ministers 
ever preached more, or did more good by preaching, 
than James Carter." During his long pastorate of 
the Macedonia church he received into it, by bap- 
tism at his own hands, 1000 members ; and he bap- 
tized, in addition, not less than 1000 others, accord- 
ing to his own statement. His zeal was as ardent 
as that of Paul, and his doctrinal sentiments were 
as strongly Caivinistic as those of Paul himself. 
He was a powerful preacher, and some of his ap- 
peals to sinners were exceedingly impressive and 
convincing. Among his brethren he was regarded 
as a pious, devout, sound, and zealous preacher 
of a high order, whose successful labors won for 
him universal respect. For years he was moderator 
of the Flint River Association, which, at its session 
following his death, listened to a funeral discourse 
in his honor by Rev. J. II. Campbell. 

It was at the house of James Carter that Jesse 
Mercer died. They were old and attached friends, 
and when Jesse Mercer was at Indian Springs for 
his health in 1841, he visited Mr. Carter, and was 
taken worse and expired, amid the most careful 
and loving attentions. 

Carter, Rev. Joseph E., was born in Murfrees- 
borough, N. C, Feb. 6, 1836 ; was baptized in 1852 ; 
read law, and began to practice in 1857 ; graduated 
from Union University in 1861 ; was ordained at 
Murfreesborough, N. C, June 30, 1861, Dr. A. M. 
Poindexter preaching the sermon ; served churches 
in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Alabama as pastor 
and evangelist, and accepted a call to "Wilson, N. C, 
in Mai-ch, 1880 ; a zealous, gifted, and useful man. 

Carter, Rev. John W., was born in Albemarle 
Co., Va., Dec. 31 , 1836. When he was seven years 
of age his parents removed to Upshur Co., W. Va., 
where he grew up to manhood. He was a diligent 
student in private, and an industrious pupil at Al- 
leghany College, and now he is one of the most 
scholarly ministers in the State. He was con- 



verted and baptized in 1858, and ordained in 1860. 
He labored for some years in country churches in 
Lewis and Upshur Counties, and in 1864 took charge 
of the church in Parkersburir, where he still sus- 




REV. JOHN W. CARTER. 

tains the pastoral relation. The church has built 
a fine edifice since Mr. Carter became its pastor, 
and has prospered in other ways. Mr. Carter is 
a preacher of acknowledged ability, and a minister 
of great piety and worth. 

Carter, Prof. Paschal, was bom in Benson, 
Vt., Sept. 17, 1807. His father was Josiah Carter, 
a Revolutionary soldier and sea-captain, and his 
mother, Charlotte De Angelis, was of Italian descent. 
After persistent toil he entered Middlebury College, 
Vt., in 1825, and graduated with honor in 1829. 
On leaving college he became tutor in Columbian 
College, Washington, D. C, and was subsequently 
principal of the Keysville Academy, N. Y., agent 
of the Philadelphia Baptist Tract Society, and 
principal of the Academy of South Reading, Mass., 
one of the largest and most flourishing schools of 
that day. In 1832 he became Professor of Mathe- 
matics and Natural Philosophy in Granville Col- 
lege, 0., and remained in this position over twenty- 
two years. During part of this time he taught the 
ancient languages and other branches, and most of 
the time he was the college treasurer, — a difficult 
and responsible position. In 1854 he resigned his 
chair at Granville, and accepted a similar position 
in Georgetown College. Ky. After an interim of 
two years spent in business life he became, in 1858, 
president of Central Collegiate Institute, Ala., 
where he remaineduntil 1861. Since 1861 he has 



CARTWKIGHT 



190 



CASTLE 



been living at Centralia, 111., engaged in mercantile 
pursuits. 

Cartwright, Eev. Immanuel, was bom in 

Tennessee. He removed to St. Louis in 1854, and 
became pastor of the First African church, a posi- 
tion which he held efficiently for twenty years. 
Large additions were made to the membership, till 
it numbered over a thousand. He is awaiting the 
appointed time for the Master's call to his eternal 
home. 

Gary, Rev. Lott, was bom a slave about 1780, 
in Virginia. In 1804 he was brought to Richmond, 
where for a time he led a depraved life ; the Spirit 
of God, however, changed his heart and gave him 
faith in Jesus. He was baptized in 1807 into the 
fellowship of the First Baptist church in Richmond, 
by which he was subsequently licensed to preach. 
He taught himself, with some little aid, to read ; he 
bought his freedom and the liberty of his two chil- 
dren. In 1815 he became deeply interested in 
African missions, and at last he resolved to carry 
the gospel there himself. In 1821 he was ordained 
to the missionary work, and appointed to labor in 
Africa by the board of the Baptist General Conven- 
tion. In 1822 he settled in Liberia. He ministered 
faithfully to the church originally formed in Rich- 
mond, then located in Monrovia. He spent much 
time in instructing the Africans who had been 
rescued from slave-ships ; he labored successfully 
to establish schools. In 1824 he was appointed 
physician to the settlers, a position the duties of 
which his studies of the diseases of the country 
enabled him to discharge ; in 1828 he became acting 
governor of Liberia. He perished by an accident, 
Nov. 8, 1828. He was beloved by all his people, 
and greatly blessed of God. 

Case, E.ev. Isaac. — " Father Case" was born at 
Rehoboth, Mass., Feb. 25, 1761. At the age of 
eighteen he became a subject of God's converting 
grace. He was ordained in 1783, and went to 
Maine. He was, in the best sense of the word, an 
evangelist, and when converts to Christ were made, 
he formed them into churches, some of which after- 
wards became able and most useful organizations. 
" Of the number of converts to whom he adminis- 
tered the ordinance of baptism, he kept no account, 
but he supposed them to have been more than a 
thousand." Mr. Case lived to an advanced age, 
and died at Readfield, Me., Nov. 3, 1852. Without 
remarkable talents, by his earnest piety and good 
common sense he became one of the most useful 
ministers of his day. 

Castle, John Harvard, D.D., was born in 

Milestown, Philadelphia, Pa., in 1830; baptized in 
1846 ; graduated from the Central High School, 
of Philadelphia, 1847. In the same year he en- 
tered the university at Lewisburg, Pa., where he 
graduated with first honors in 1851, and from that 



institution he received the degree of Doctor of 
Divinity in 1866. He completed his studies at 
Rochester Theological Seminary, N. Y., in 1853, 
and was licensed to preach by the Broad Street 
Baptist church, Philadelphia. He was ordained at 
Pottsville, Pa., where he labored for two years and 
a half, after which he settled with the church at 
Newburgh, N. Y. In 1859 he returned to his native 
city, and entered upon the pastorate of the First 
Baptist church. West Philadelphia. Here he re- 




.lOlIV n\R\ VRU ( Vbll I, I) 1) 

mained for fourteen years, universally beloved by 
the church and community. Here also he gave 
much time and labor to missionary and educational 
interests, serving on the boards of the Publication 
and Education Societies, the General Association, 
the trustees of the university at Lewisburg, and of 
Crozer Theological Seminary. He served as mod- 
erator of the Philadelphia Baptist Association, and 
was also elected president of the Ministerial Confer- 
ence. In the spring of 1871 he traveled extensively 
in Europe. 

In 1872 he was urgently invited to take charge 
of the Bond Street church of Toronto, Canada, 
which invitation he accepted, and commenced his 
pastorate there Feb. 1, 1873. In this field of labor 
he still remains, in close and affectionate relations 
with his people. A secular journal in Toronto, 
under date of Oct. 5, 1877, thus speaks of him : 

" Into the work of the denomination and in all 
Christian movements he has thrown himself with 
all his heart, and has become a leading spirit 
therein. His congregation has increased rapidly 
and erected a handsome church building, which is 



CASTLE 



191 



CASWELL 



now one of the recognized sights of the city. He 
is a strong temperance advocate, and a consistent 
enemy to frivolity of all descriptions. His oratori- 
cal powers are of a high order, his enunciation being 
singularly distinct, and his manner graceful and 
effective. Though an eai-nest upholder of the doc- 
trines of his denomination, he seldom gives utter- 
ance to any remarks which members of other com- 
munions cannot listen to without impatience. 
Never slow to do battle when controversies arise, 
he proves an adept in polemics ; but is ever ready 
to recognize and admire all that is Christ-like 
beyond his own ecclesiastical boundaries."' 

Castle, Prof. Orlando L., for some twenty- 
seven years Professor of Ehetoric and Belles-Lettres 
in Shurtleff College, was born at Jericho, Chittenden 
Co., Vt., July 20, 1822. When he was about ten 
years of age the family removed to Ohio, and at 
Granville College, in that State, he received his 
education, graduating in 1846. His first service in 
education was as superintendent of public schools 
in Zanesville, 0. In 1853 he was invited to the 
professorship at Alton, which he still holds. The 
length of time during which he has occupied this 
chair bears witness to the value of his service, a tes- 
timony confirmed by that of the many students who 
have enjoyed his instruction. He is a member of 
the Baptist church in Upper Alton, a genial and i 
cultured Christian gentleman, a trained scholar in 
the classics and in mathematics, as well as in his 
special department, and he is a superior teacher. 

Caswell, Alexis, D.D., LL.D., one of the most 
eminent educators and most widely-known minis- 
ters in the denomination, was born in Taunton, 
Mass., Jan. 29, 1799. He was a twin brother of 
Alvaris Caswell, of Norton, Mass. His ancestors 
were among the earliest settlers of his native town, 
and devoted themselves to agricultural pursuits. 
The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood 
days on the paternal farm. The bent of his mind 
towards a larger and better culture than he could 
expect to obtain if he devoted himself to the calling 
of his father early showed itself, and nothing but 
a full collegiate course of study would satisfy him. 
At the age of nineteen he became a member of the 
Freshman class in Brown University, where he was 
graduated with the highest honors of his class in 
1822. It was during his college course that he be- 
came a decided, and what he ever continued to be, 
a most cheerful and consistent Christian. In July, 
1820, he was received into the membership of the 
First Baptist church in Providence, and his con- 
nection with that venerable church was never dis- 
solved until the tie was severed by death. 

Soon after closing his college studies he became 
a tutor in what was then Columbian College, at 
Washington, D. C, being one of the earliest in- 
structors in the institution. His connection with 



the college continued for five years. In 1825 he 
was raised from the rank of tutor to that of Pro- 
fessor of the Ancient Languages. But it was not 
his purpose to devote himself to the profession of 
teaching. His strong desire was to become a 
preacher of the gospel. The eloquent Dr. William 
Staughton was the president of the college, and 
under his guidance Prof. Caswell read theology 
and prepared sermons, enjoying also the instruc- 
tions of Dr. Irah Chace in the Hebrew. Having 
thus prepared himself for what no doubt he con- 
sidered would be his life-work, he was directed by 
a somewhat remarkable providence of God to Hali- 
fax, Nova Scotia, where he was ordained as a Chris- 
tian minister, and agreed, temporarily at least, to 
act as pastor of the recently organized Baptist 
church in that city. "It was a ministry," says 




ALEXIS CASUELL, D.D., LL.D. 

Prof Lincoln, " fruitful of good to himself and his 
people. It was one which laid under contribution 
all the resources he could command, both intellec- 
tual and spiritual ; for though the church was not 
large, yet it united, especially in the persons of 
its leaders, intelligence, culture, and social consid- 
eration with a simple and sincere piety, and an 
earnest desire for growth in Christian knowledge 
and experience, and in Christian service." We are 
told that '• he was a popular and attractive preacher, 
and that his discourses, which were written, but 
preached without the use of notes, attracted full 
and overflowing houses." 

It might seem as if such evident adaptedness to 
the active labors of the ministry, and marked suc- 
cess in that work, plainly pointed out what were 



CA SWELL 



192 



CASWELL 



the sure indications of Divine Providence as to his 
future career. His reputation as a preacher and 
pastor led the church of which he was a member — 
the First church in Providence — to think of him as 
a most suitable person to fill the place made vacant 
by the resignation of their venerable minister, 
the Rev. Dr. Gano. But before any action could 
be taken on the subject he was called to the chair 
of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Brown 
University, and assumed the duties of his professor- 
ship at the commencement of the fall term of 18'28. 
He at once and most heartily entered into the plans 
of the new president, Dr. Wayland, and faithfully 
stood by him, as he endeavored, with what success 
is well known, to raise the standard of education 
in the college of which he was the honored head. 
The fortunes of the university were at this time at 
a low ebb, and only by generous sacrifice and he- 
roic, persistent effort was the tide in its affairs 
made to rise. Prof. Caswell threw himself into the 
work he had undertaken with his characteristic 
zeal, — a zeal coupled with good sense and sound 
judgment. He labored for the interests of his be- 
loved alma mater not only in his special depart- 
ment of instruction, but outside of college walls he 
enlisted the sympathy and secured the substantial 
aid of its friends in promoting in many ways its 
prosperity. But amid the most engrossing labors 
of the profession to which he consecrated his best 
energies. Prof. Caswell never lost sight of that 
higlier calling, in the discharge of the duties of 
which he had expected to spend his days. If he 
was the college instructor, he was also the Chris- 
tian minister. As Prof. Lincoln has so well said, 
" To his habitual conception, religion and educa- 
tion were indissolubly united, and the Christian 
religion was the soul and the sacred presiding 
genius of a place of education. To his view a col- 
lege was a fountain not merely of a liberal educa- 
tion, but of a Christian liberal education ; not Chris- 
tian, however, in the sense of giving theological 
instruction, or only training men to be of service 
as pastors and preachers, though he never forgot 
that leading design of the fathers of this college 
and other colleges of New England, but Christian 
in the more catholic sense of educating and rear- 
ing up Ciiristian men for Chi-istian service in what- 
soever vocation and business of life." 

Dr. Caswell went abroad in 1860, and spent a 
year making himself familiar with the scenes and 
the social life of the Old World. Among scientific 
men, whose special attention had been devoted to 
the study of astronomy, which was his favorite 
branch of instruction, he met with a cordial wel- 
come. His genial and affable manners, his in- 
quiring spirit, and warm enthusiasm in the direc- 
tion of research into the wonderful mysteries of 
the heavens, won for him a warm place in the 



hearts of those whose pursuits were kindred to his 
own, and he formed friendships which remained 
unbroken until death. When he came back to his 
home he resumed at once the duties of his profes- 
sion, and continued his official relations with Brown 
University until the fall of 1863, when he resigned 
his professorship, after having so ably filled the 
chair he had occupied for thirty-five years. 

A few years of varied service were spent in the 
community in which he was so well known and so 
highly respected and loved. The resignation of 
Dr. Sears as president of Brown University to 
enter upon that career of usefulness to which for 
so many years he has devoted himself, was followed 
in a few months by the election of Dr. Caswell to 
the office thus vacated. Although sixty-nine years 
of age when thus called to this responsible posi- 
tion, no one on terms of familiar intimacy with 
him ever thought of the new president as being an 
old man. He was in vigorous health. The press- 
ure of so many years even, as he had lived, had 
not bowed that manly, erect form. He was the 
model of Christian refinement and gentlemanly 
courtesy, and had a rare gift for commanding the 
respect and winning the affection of young men. 
The expectations of his friends in calling him to the 
presidency of the uniyersit}'- were not disappointed, 
and his administration of its affairs proved to be a 
success. For nearly five years he discharged the 
duties which devolved on him as the head of an in- 
stitution with which he had so long been connected. 
His resignation took place in September, 1872, and 
he once more retired to comparatively private life. 
For thirty-nine years and a half he had filled an 
important place in the department of instruction 
in Brown University, and for nearly the rest of his 
life he watched over its interests as a member of 
its corporation, first as a trustee and then as a 
Fellow. No one person has been so long and so 
closely identified with all that concerned its pros- 
perity as Dr. Caswell. 

Space does not permit to enumerate all the posi- 
tions of trust and honor to which, during his long 
and useful life. Dr. Caswell was called. He was 
warmly attached to the denomination with which 
in his early manhood he connected himself In 
everything that had to do with its elevation he took 
the liveliest interest. The cause of sound theologi- 
cal learning always found in him a warm friend. 
Through his whole life he took an active part in 
promoting the prosperity of the Newton Theologi- 
cal Institution, succeeding to the presidency of its 
board of trustees on the death of Dr. Sharp, and 
retaining to the close of life his place on that 
board. The cause of foreign missions had no more 
earnest advocate and friend than he. He was 
chosen president of the Missionary Union in 1867, 
and re-elected in 1868. Like his early pupil and 



GATE 



193 



CATECHUMEKI 



lifelong friend, Baron Stow, both pen and voice 
were employed in doing what he could to hasten 
the coming of the day when the knowledge of the 
Lord shall be the common heritage of the nations 
of the earth. The Baptist denomination may justly 
be proud of having had in its ranks an educator of 
so large and worthy a reputation, and a minister 
of Jesus who rendered such efficient aid in ad- 
vancing its best interests in so many directions. 

Gate, Rev. George W., was born in Sanborn- 
ton, N. H., in 1815. He became a hopeful Christian 
while residing in Amesbury, Mass. He pursued 
his preparatory studies for the Christian ministry 
at New Hampton and Hampton Falls, and gradu- 
ated at Brown University in 1841, and at Newton 
in 1844. In September of 1844 he was ordained 
as pastor of the church in Barre, Mass. His min- 
istry with this church continued for four years. He 
was then obliged to give up preaching on account 
of his health. For a few months he lingered, and 
then passed away. His death took place May 13, 
1 1849. After much long and thorough preparation 
for his work, it seemed mysterious that this servant 
of Christ should have been removed so early in his 
public ministry, but the Master whom he tried to 
serve knew best what disposition to make of him. 

Catechumeni, or Catechumens, Baptism of. 
— Believers who received the Word gladly were the 
subjects of baptism in the Saviour's day and during 
the ministry of his apostles. About a.d. 150, the 
same class of persons received baptism. Justin 
Martyr, one of the most talented and reliable of 
the early Christian writers, says, " In what manner 
we dedicate ourselves to God, after being renewed 
by Christ, we will now explain, lest by omitting 
we should seem to dissemble in our statement ; as 
many as are persuaded and believe that the things 
w;hich we teach and declare are true, and promise 
that they are determined to live accordingly, are 
taught to pray to God, and to beseech him with 
fasting to grant them remission for their past sins, 
while we also pray and fast with them. AVe then 
lead them to a place where there is water, and then 
they are regenerate'd (baptized) in the same manner 
as we also were, for they receive a washing in 
water i^ev Tii^vian) in the name of God, the Father 
and Lord of the univei-se, and of our Saviour, Jesus 
Christ."! The "Apology," from which this is taken, 
was addressed to the emperor Antoninus Pius, and 
there is no doubt about its authenticity. Accord- 
ing to Justin, the only persons baptized in his day 
were believers, resolved to live for God. Later 
than his time, but still in the second century, before 
men were baptized they were instructed for some 
time and catechized, and then baptized. This cate- 
chumenical system preceded baptism for centuries 
in the Christian church. The most celebrated 
school for catechumeni in the Christian world was 



at Alexandi-ia, in Egypt, and Origen was its most 
distinguished instructor, as he had been its most 
illustrious pupil under Cluneus Alexandrinus.^ 
Catechists, to conduct the instruction of the cate- 
chumeni, in process of time were appointed all over 
the Christian world ; and twice a year the scholars 
went forth to baptism, at Easter and Whitsuntide 
in the West, and at Easter and Whitsuntide, or at 
the Epiphany, in the East. No catechised candi- 
date for baptism employed another to profess his 
faith, he attended to that duty himself. 

The learned Bingham says, " The Trio-Tbi, or be- 
lievers, being such as were baptized, and thereby 
made complete and perfect Christians, were upon 
that account dignified with several titles of honor 
and marks of distinction above the catechumens;" 
after mentioning their titles, he describes their 
privileges : " It was their sole prerog.ative to partake 
of the Lord's Supper," "another of their preroga- 
tives above the catechumens was to stay and join 
with the minister in all the prayers of the church, 
which the catechumens were not allowed to do, the 
use of the Lord's prayer was the sole prerogative 
of the TTio-Tot (believers) ; the catechumens were not 
allowed to say ' Our Father' till they had first 
made themselves sous by regeneration in the 
waters of baptism. They were admitted to hear all 
discourses made in the church, even those that 
treated of the most abstruse and profound mysteries 
of the Christian religion, which the catechumens 
were strictly prohibited from hearing." Bingham 
speaks of four classes of catechumeni, those who 
were instructed privately, the hearers, the kneelers, 
and the competentes and electi, that is, those who 
petitioned for baptism, and were chosen to observe 
that sacred ordinance. They were strictly ex- 
amined, according to Bingham, in the Christian in- 
structions imparted to them by the catechist before 
they were elected to receive baptism. 

As the same erudite writer informs us, the cate- 
chumeni were placed with their faces to the west, 
the region of darkness, and there they renounced 
the devil and his works, and the world with its 
luxury and pleasures. And they struck their hands 
together as if they were ready for conflict with 
Satan. They afterwards faced the east, the region 
of light, where the rising sun first appears, that 
before the sun of righteousness they might record 
their sacred profession as Christians. They made 
a solemn vow of obedience to God, and " there was 
also exacted a profession of faith of eoery person to 
be baptized. And this was always to be made in 
the same words of the creed that every church used 
for the baptism of her catechumens." ' They were 
solemnly questioned publicly in the church on the 
several parts of the Christian faith, and after some 
ceremonial observances without warrant of Scrip- 
ture they were led into the baptismal waters and 



CATECHUMENI 



CATECHUMENI 



immersed. Ambrose of Milan gives us an illustra- 
tion of believer's baptism in catechumenical times 
when he says, " Thou wast asked, Dost thou be- 
lieve in God the omnipotent Father? and thou 
saidst, I believe ; and thou wast immersed, that is, 
thnu wast buried. Again thou wast asked. Dost 
thou believe in our Lord Jesus Christ and in his 
cross ? and thou saidst, I believe ; and thou wast 
immersed, and therefore thou wast buried with 
Christ, for he who is buried with Christ shall rise 
with Christ ; a third time thou wast asked. Dost 
thou believe in the Holy Spirit? and a third time 
thou wast immersed, . . . for when thou dost im- 
merse (mergis) thou dost form a likeness of death 
and burial.''* The baptism of the catechumeni, 
the baptism of the Church Universal (Catholic) 
was the immersion of professed believers. 

According to the forty-second canon of the Coun- 
cil Eliberis, or Elvira, held about a.d. 305, the reg- 
ular period of probation for the catechumeni was 
two years. In special cases it might be shortened, 
but this was the ordinary time. It reads, " Those 
who give in their names to be entered into the 
church shall be baptized two years after, if they 
lead a regular life, unless they are obliged to relieve 
them sooner upon account of any dangerous sick- 
ness, or that it is judged convenient to grant them 
this grace because of the fervor of their prayers."' ' 
The two years' probation, the fervent prayers, and 
the catechetical instruction unite in showing that 
candidates for baptism were not babes, but enlight- 
ened persons. 

It is pretended that catechumenical instruction 
was only for converts from heathenism. This state- 
ment is entirely unsupported by evidence. The 
catechumenical preparation was a prerequisite to 
baptism for all classes of persons for ages, except 
in the case of a babe threatened with death, after 
superstition created and gave a little encourage- 
ment to infant baptism. 

For various reasons infant baptism made slow 
progress against the baptism of catechised persons. 
It was thought that baptism washed out all sin, 
and parents regarded it as an unwise waste of so 
great a treasure to apply it to babes who had only 
Adam's guilt, when they would need its cleansing 
power so much more as they grew older. Hence, 
even in Africa, the dark birthplace of infant im- 
mersion, and in the days of Augustine, the grand 
patron of the unscriptural rite, we find that it was 
necessary to use the curses of an episcopal council 
to help infant baptism in its efforts to spread. The 
Council of Carthage, held a.d. 418, in its second 
canon "pronounces an anathema against such as 
deny that children ought to be baptized as soon as 
they are born." * The bishops of Africa had hearers 
who needed maledictions, and a good many of them, 
to give up the baptism of believers. No curses 



are needed now in Pedobaptist clerical assemblies 
to assist the infant rite into extensive popularity. 
At least, none have been needed for centuries, until 
within the last fifty years, when our principles 
have invaded the strongholds of Pedobaptism and 
injured it in the sanctuaries of its friends. 

The great Basil was born of pious parents, and 
baptized, after being a catechumenus, in his twenty- 
eighth year.'' The same thing is true of Gregory 
Nazianzen, Ambrose, Jerome, and Augustine, the 
distinguished churchmen of the fourth century, and 
in the case of Augustine, of the fourth and a part 
of the fifth. Gibbon, speaking of this period, says, 
" The discretion of parents often suspended the 
baptism of their children till they could understand 
the obligations they contracted ; the sacrament of 
baptism was supposed to contain a full and absolute 
expiation of sin, the soul was instantly restored to 
its original purity, and entitled to the promise of 
eternal salvation." * Archbishop Cranmer s.iys, 
" St. Gregory Nazianzen, as great a clerk (clergy- 
man) as ever was in Christ's church, and master to 
St. Hierome, counseled that children should not 
be baptized until they came to three years of age, 
or thereabout, except they were in danger of life." ' 
Cranmer' s testimony about Gregory's advice is cor- 
rect, but he might haveadded that even this famous 
archbishop of Constantinople was heeded by few 
about the early reception of baptism ; that the 
reigning emperor, Theodosius, " who, according to 
Socrates, had been instructed in Christian prin- 
ciples by his pious ancestors," only submitted to 
baptism when dangerously ill at Thessalonica ■," 
and that baptisms at three years old were rare oc- 
currences. The celebrated Bishop Jewel says, "Like- 
wise in old times they that were called catechumeni 
were warned aforehand to prepare their hearts that 
they might worthily receive baptism." ^^ After 
making the statement he proceeds to quote Clement 
and Augustine in support of it. Mosheim, speak- 
ing of the third century, says, "Baptism was pub- 
licly administered twice a year to candidates who 
had gone through a long preparation and trial." ^^ 
Neander declares the same thing, speaking of the 
early churches. " Many pious but mistaken pa- 
rents . . . wished rather to reserve baptismal grace 
(for their children) against the more decided and 
mature age of manhood, as a refuge from the 
temptations and storms of an uncertain life." " 
The baptism of catechised persons, after the apos- 
tolic age and the times of the primitive fathers, 
spread evei'ywhere, and it existed for centuries 
after it is commonly supposed that infant baptism 
had banished it from the world. We have this 
statement confirmed by the administration of bap- 
tism only twice a year, on two important church 
feasts, down at least in many cases to the tenth 
century. In the West, the great baptisms at Easter 



CATECEUMENI 



CATECEUMENI 



and Whitsuntide were in their full glory in the 
ninth century. They were universal for adults in 
the fourth century. And there is every reason for 
believing that in many cases the children baptized 
in the ninth century were in some degree instructed, 
though no doubt it was but to a limited extent. 
One hundred years ago every child in Europe and 
America of Pedobaptist parentage was baptized 
within a month after birth. In the ninth century, 
and afterwards, only sick children were baptized, 
except at Easter and Pentecost. The abandonment 
of the two great baptisms in the year shows an 
unquestionable change in the subjects of the rite. 
Milman says, " At Easter and Pentecost, and in 
some places at the Epiphany, baptism was admin- 
istered publicly, that is, in the presence of the 
faithful, to all the converts of the year." '* The 
Council of Gerunda, held in a.d. 517, in its fourth 
and fifth canons, decrees, " Baptism shall be ad- 
ministered only at Easter and Whitsuntide ; at the 
other festivals only the sick shall be baptized. 
Children shall be baptized whenever they are pre- 
sented if they he sick or cannot nurse the breast." '^ 
This baptism is clearly for the old candidates, and 
only sick infants are to receive the rite at other 
times. Pope Nicholas I., in his 69th letter, written 
A.D. 858, testifies that " the solemn times of admin- 
istering baptism are the feasts of Easter and Whit- 
suntide, but that it is not necessary to observe this 
(rule) in regard to people newly converted, or in 
reference to those in danger of death." ^^ In 868, 
the Council of Worms, in its first canon, decreed 
"that baptism should be solemnly administered 
only at Easter and Whitsuntide." " In 895, the 
Council of Tribur, in its twelfth canon, ordained 
that " the sacrament of baptism should not be 
administered out of the solemn times — at Easter 
and Whitsuntide." '* Whitsuntide, it has been 
justly observed, " was one of the stated times for 
baptism in the ancient church, when those who 
were baptized put on white garments as types of 
that spiritual purity they receive in baptism," *^ 
hence the name, Whitsunday, Whitmonday. This 
is a season of rejoicing in several European coun- 
tries now, though the grand baptisms have ceased 
long since. In the ninth century they still had the 
two great annual baptisms, and the customs that 
obtained when all the candidates for baptism were 
instructed beforehand. Of course, if the present 
practice of infant baptism had prevailed, and each 
child had been baptized a few days after birth, the 
Easter and Pentecost baptisms would never have 
existed. But the probabilities are that in many 
places in Europe, as late as the ninth century, or 
later, the persons baptized were two or three years 
old, or more, so that they could answer all the 
usual questions themselves. As soon as the bap- 
tism of unconscious babes in a few days or weeks 



after birth became universal, then the great bap- 
tisms of Easter and Pentecost ended. 

From Alcuin, the distinguished Englishman, who 
rendered such important literary and religious ser- 
vices to Charlemagne in the eighth century, we 
learn that there were catechumeni in his day; com- 
menting on the Gospel of John, ii. 23, 24, he says, 
" Ecclesiastical custom does not give the com- 
munion of the body and blood of Christ to the 
catechumeni, because they are not born of water 
(baptized) and of the Spirit." ^'' There were cer- 
tainly catechumeni at this time. He states in 
another place, " AYe say that no catechumenus 
(an instructed candidate for baptism), although 
dying in good works, has eternal life, unless he 
becomes a martyr, by which all the mysteries of 
baptism are perfected ; for by blood, fire, and other 
pains the confessors were baptized." " He speaks 
of a catechumenus as one of the existing characters 
of his day. So that instruction was still 'demanded 
in some parts of Christendom outside the ranks of 
the Anabaptists as a qualification for baptism. 

Robinson^'^ describes a baptism which took place 
in the Lateran baptistery in Rome, in which three 
children, representing John and Peter and Mary, 
after being catechised by a priest and instructed 
for the occasion, were solemnly immersed by the 
pope himself. He wore waxed drawers, the cere- 
mony took place on the Saturday before Easter, 
and the children were the recipients of some relig- 
ious knowledge. The account is taken from an- 
cient Roman ordinals collected by Father Mabillon, 
and it is undoubtedly reliable. The baptism may 
be attributed to any period from the ninth to the 
twelfth centui-y. 

Muratori, conservator of the public archives of 
Modena in the beginning of the eighteenth cen- 
tury, of whom it is recorded that " literary societies 
vied with each other in sending him diplomas, and 
authors who had attained eminence in difi"erent de- 
partments of literature paid him the homage of 
enscribing to him their works," himself a learned 
Roman Catholic, in view of a mass of ancient docu- 
ments treating of the baptismal history of his 
church, from the tenth to the fourteenth century, 
says, " From monuments thus far produced, we 
may learn how many ages the custom among 
Christians of not baptizing infants immediately at 
birth, as we now do, continued. Unless sickness 
or danger threatened life, a reception of the sacra- 
ment (of baptism) was delayed by most persons 
till the Saturday before Easter Sunday and Whit- 
sunday, on which days the church celebrated the 
solemn baptism." ^' 

Baptism was conferred by the apostles on a con- 
fession of faith. In the third century there was a 
period of instruction imposed before the rite was 
conferred, and this catechumenical course con- 



CATHCART 



CAULDWELL 



tinued, the candidates for baptism growing younger 
every century, for a considerable period after the 
ninth century. The baptism of unconscious babes 
to reach universal empire in the great church and 
drive believer's baptism to the shelter of the little 
sects, had to fight the Word of God, the old creeds 
and customs of Christendom, the prejudices of all 
Christian countries, and the fierce opposition of 
Baptists under various denominational names, and 
it succeeded at last, after the ninth century. But 
the profession of faith of the sponsors for the child 
still shows the old divine demand for faith in the 
candidates of baptism. 

' Just. Philos. et Mart., Apol. i. Patrol. Graeca, 
torn. vi. p. 140. Migne. Parisiis. ^ Euseb. Eccles. 
Hist., lib. vi. 46. ' Bingham's Antiquities, book i, 
4, X. 2, xi. 7. *De Sacramentis, lib. iv. 7, vol. xvi. p. 
448. Patrol. Lat. Migne. ^ Du Pin's Eccles. Hist., 
i. 593. Dublin. « Idem., i. 635. ' Robinson's Hist, 
of Baptiswi, pp. 91-95. Nashville. ^ Decline and 
Fall, i. 450. Magowan, London. ' Miscellaneous 
Writings, p. 175. Parker Society. ^^ Eccles. Hist., 
lib. V. cap. 6. "Jewel's Works, p. 119. Parker 
Society. ^'^ Eccles. Hist., p. 106. London, 1848. 
" Church History, ii. 319. Boston. " History of 
Christianity, p. 466. New York, 1841 . i» Du Pin, 
i.688. i« Idem., ii. 143. " Idem., ii. 115. ibidem., 
ii. 118. i» Buck's Theological Dictionary, p. 450. 
2» Patrol. Lat., tom. e. p. 777. Migne. ^^ Idem., 
torn. ci. p. 1074. ^^ Robinson's History of Baptism, 
p. 102. ^' Antiquitates Italicae Medii ^vi, tom. iv. 
diss. 57. De Ritibus, Mel., 1738. 

Cathcart, William, D.D., was born in the 
County of Londonderry, in the north of Ireland, 
Nov. 8, 1826 ; his parents, James Cathcart and 
Elizabeth Cously, were of Scotch origin, the stock 
known as Scotch-Irish in the United States. He 
was jrought up in the Presbyterian Church, of 
which, for some years, he was a member. The Sa- 
viour called him into his kingdom in early life, 
and taught him that he should preach the gospel. 
He was baptized by Rev. R. H. Carson, of Tubber- 
more, in January, 1846. He studied Latin and 
Greek in a classical school near the residence of 
his father. He received his literai-y and theological 
education in the University of Glasgow, Scotland, 
and in Horton, now Rawdon College, Yorkshire, 
England. He was ordained pastor of the Baptist 
church of Barnsley, near Sheffield, England, early 
in 1850. From political and anti-state church 
considerations he determined to come to the United 
States in 1853, and on the 18th of November in 
that year he arrived in New York. In the latter 
part of the following month he became pastor of 
the Third Baptist church of Groton, in Mystic 
River, Conn. In April, 1857, he took charge of 
the Second Baptist church of Philadelphia, Pa., 
where he has since labored. 



In 1873, the University of Lewisburg conferred 
on Mr. Cathcart the degree of Doctor of Divinity. 
In 1876, on the retirement of Dr. Malcom from the 
presidency of the American Baptist Historical So- 
ciety, Dr. Cathcart was elected president, and has 
been re-elected at each annual meeting since. In 




WILLIAM CATHCART, D.D. 

1875, in view of the Centennial year of our national 
independence," the Baptist Ministerial Union, of 
Pennsylvania, appointed Dr. Cathcart to prepare a 
paper, to be read at their meeting in Meadville in 

1876, on " The Baptists in the Revolution." This 
paper, by enlargement, became a duodecimo volume, 
entitled "The Baptists and the American Revolu- 
tion." Dr. Cathcart has also published a large 
octavo, called "The Papal System," and "The 
Baptism of the Ages and of the Nations," a 16mo. 

Catlin, E,ev. S. T., was born in Montville, Me., 
and died May 1, 1878, aged fifty-nine years: or- 
dained to the work of the ministry in 1839. After 
serving several churches in his native State, he 
came to Hudson, Wis., in 1851. He was ap- 
pointed Indian missionary by the American Bap- 
tist Missionary Union in 1854. He subsequently 
preached at Osceola, St. Croix Falls, and Taylor 
Falls. He was a faithful and successful pionei-r 
preacher, a man of good ability, highly esteemed 
by the churches that knew him. 

Cauldwell, Ebenezer, a prominent Baptist 
layman of New York, was born in England in 
1791, and died in New York in 1875. He came 
with his father in early life to New York, and en- 
gaged with him in merchandising ; and securing the 
entire business of the firm on the death of his 



CAUSLER 



CENTRAL UNIVERSITY 



father, he built up a commercial house without a 
superior in his line. "When a lad he was converted, 
and joined the Oliver Street church, and became 
one of its most efficient members. He was chosen 
a deacon of his church, and a member of the board 
of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, 
and its treasurer. He gave liberally to its funds, 
as he did to all other enterprises of the Baptist 
denomination. He was one of the founders of the 
Hope Chapel Baptist church, which, about 1850, 
built a house on Broadway. A few years later the 
church erected a large edifice on Twenty-third 
Street, and changed its name to the Calvary church. 
With this community he held the office of deacon 
while he lived. He was a Christian without blem- 
ish, dear to all his Master's servants who knew him. 

Causler, Rev. A. G., a leading member of Co- 
lumbia Association, in the southern part of Arkan- 
sas, was born in the State of South Carolina in 
1825. He began to preach in 1852. He labored 
efficiently in his native State until 1867, when he 
removed to the northern part of Arkansas, and after 
a few years there came to Columbia Association, 
and engaged in the active duties of his calling. He 
died in 1872. 

Cedar Valley Seminary, Osage, Iowa, had 

its origin in a proposition from the citizens of 
Osage to the Cedar Valley Baptist Association, 
September, 1862, that they would furnish appro- 
■priate buildings if the Association would establfeh 
and maintain an institution of learning suited to 
the wants of the community. After careful delib- 
eration, the Association 

^^ Resolved, That we fully approve of the accept- 
ance of said buildings, and pledge our hearty co- 
operation in the execution of the enterprise." 
_ After fully canvassing the subject, and after a 
conference with the parties concerned. Rev. Alva 
Bush, who had just concluded his engagement as 
Professor of Mathematics in the Upper Iowa Uni- 
versity, moved his family to Osage, and on Jan. 10, 
1863, commenced a school in the court-house, to 
which was given the name of Cedar Yalley Semi- 
nary. In September, 1864, the Association assumed 
the control of the school and appointed a board of 
trustees. In December, 1867, a legal organization 
was completed. In 1867, property was purchased, 
and a fine seminai-y building was erected during 
the following two years by the citizens of Osage, 
according to their original proposal. In Septem- 
ber, 1869, this property was formally tendered to 
the Association on condition that they raise 820,000 
and maintain a good school. The offer, with its 
conditions, was accepted, and the raising of the 
endowment undertaken. But owing to the great 
severity of the times the sum was not raised till 
1876. The title was transferred to the board of 
trustees in May, 1876, who now have the owner- 



ship and absolute control. At each recurring; 
meeting of the Association, trustees are appointed 
to fill vacancies in the board, and renewed evidence 
of sympathy and interest in the institution through- 
out the bounds of the Association is manifested 
from year to year. Prof. Alva Bush, LL.D., has 
been continued at the head of the institution since 
1863. In 1871, the seminary sent out its first grad- 
uating class. 

Centennial Institute, located at Warren, Brad- 
ley Co., Ark., under the patronage of the General 
Association of Southeastern Arkansas, was opened 
in 1875. It is at present under the dii-ection of 
Rev. W. E. Paxton, A.M., with three other teachers. 
A plan for the endowment of the school has been 
put on foot, and an agent is at work in this field. 
It is located in the midst of the most fertile por- 
tion of the State, on the line of the Mississippi, 
Ouachita and Red River Railroad. The spring 
term of 1880 closed with 100 matriculates. 

Central Female CoUege is located at Clinton, 
Hinds Co., Miss. The want of suitable facilities 
in the State for the education of the daughters of 
Baptists was long felt. At length the venerable 
Dr. Phillips made a movement in this direction in 
the Central Baptist Association, which resulted in 
the establishment of this school. In 1856, Dr. 
Walter Hillman and his accomplished lady were 
called to this institution, and for twenty-four years 
under their management it has prospered, and her 
daughters are filling the highest social positions in 
the State. The spring term of 1880 closed with 
104 students and 6 teachers. The buildings are 
the private property of Dr. Hillman and his wife. 

Central TTniversity, Pella. Iowa, was estab- 
lished by a Convention representing the Baptists 
of the State, which located the institution at Pella, 
Marion County, and named it Central University. 
They appointed a board of 30 trustees, divided 
into 3 classes of 10 each, and an executive com- 
mittee of 7. They determined to open the acad- 
emical department of the school at once, of which, 
on their appointment, E. H. Scarfif, A.M., took 
charge and commenced the school. During the 
first two years it steadily advanced in numbers 
and in the grade of scholarship, and the board 
were encouraged in June, 1858. to open a regular 
collegiate course. They elected Rev. E. Gunn 
president. In the same year Mrs. D. C. A. Stod- 
dard was chosen principal of the ladies' depart- 
ment. From 1857 to 1861, the prospects of the 
institution were very flattering, and classes were 
formed as high as the Junior class. The aggregate 
number of students for the year 1861 was 377. 
At the opening of the war, in 1861, many of the 
students responded to the call for soldiers, and at 
the close of the summer term, 1862. there was not 
an able-bodied man of sufficient age to bear arms. 



CHACE V 

in the college. Rev. E. Gunn resigned the presi- 
dency and Prof. Currier enlisted in the army. Of 
the 114 students who went to the war, 26 were 
commissioned officers, 17 non-commissioned officers, 
and 21 fell on the field. In 1865, Prof. Currier re- 
turned from the army to his place in the university. 
At the annual meeting in June, 1870, it was re- 
solved to raise $10,000 as the nucleus of endow- 
ment. The effort was successful. The board, in 
June, 1871, resolved to prosecute the work of en- 
dowment, and elected Rev. L. A. Dunn, D.D., of 
Fairfax, Vt., president. At the opening of the 
winter term he delivered his inaugural address 
and entered upon his labors, and he has earnestly 
pressed forward the work of the university. Among 
those educated at the institution there are 7 edi- 
tors, 7 doctors, 31 ministers, 42 lawyers, and hun- 
dreds of school-teachers, and a large number of 
others in various walks of life. The univei-sity 
has a full college course ; the Senior class numbers 
7, the Junior 8, the Sophomore 12, the Freshman 
19, the Sub-Freshman 36. It also has an acad- 
emical department and a musical class, in all some 
200 students. The president of the university is 
assisted in his work by a full corps of able in- 
structors. 

Chace, Prof. George Ida, LL.D., was born in 

Lancaster, Mass., Feb. 19, 1808. He fitted for col- 
lege at the academy in his native town, and was a 
graduate of Brown University in the class of 1830. 
Soon after leaving college he took charge of the 
Preparatory Classical School in Waterville, Me., 
where he remained through the academic year of 
1830-31, and then accepted an appointment as 
tutor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in 
Brown University, and was shortly made adjunct 
professor with the late Dr. Caswell. His connec- 
tion with the university covered a period of forty- 
one years. For fifteen years he occupied the chair 
of Chemisti-y, Physiology, and Geology, and for five 
years, 1867-72, the chair of Moral Philosophy and 
Metaphysics. On the resignation of Rev. Dr. Sears 
to enter upon his duties as superintendent of the 
Peabody Educational Fund, Prof. Chace held the 
office of president of the university one year, when 
he was succeeded by Dr. Robinson. He closed his 
connection with the university in 1872, and went 
abroad, spending a year and a half in foreign travel, 
extending his trip as far as Egypt. For the few years 
past Prof. Chace has occupied prominent and use- 
ful positions in the city of Providence, as a mem- 
ber of the municipal government, and as the presi- 
dent of the State Board of Charities and of Rhode 
Island Hospital. In 1853, he received the degree 
of Ph.D. from Lewisburg University, and that of 
LL.D. from Brown University. He is a prominent 
member of the venerable First Baptist church, and 
takes a deep interest in its prosperity. 



! CHAMBERS 

Challis, Rev. James M., was bom in Philadel- 
phia, Pa., Jan. 4, 1779. At an early age he lost his 
father, and went with his mother to reside at 
Salem, N. J. There he grew up under the ministry 
of Rev. Mr. Sheppard, by whom he was baptized 
and encouraged to turn his attention to the min- 
istry. He was licensed by the church, and after' 
spending a short time in prepai-atory study with 
Dr. Holcomb, pastor of the First Baptist church, 
Philadelphia, he accepted a call to the pastorate of 
the church at Upper Freehold, N. J., where, in 1822, 
he was ordained. He removed to Lower Dublin, Pa., 
in 1838. With this ancient church he remained 
seven years, when he returned to New Jersey and 
became pastor of the churches at Moorestown and 
Marlton, and in 1842 of the Cohansey church. 
Here he labored eight years, when, owing to ad- 
vancing age, he resigned his charge and ended all 
pastoral labors. Removing to Bridgeton, he united 
with the First Baptist church. Here he resided 
till his death, in April, 1868, preaching, however, 
at different points, as opportunity offered, and some- 
times supplying vacant churches for months in suc- 
cession. His whole ministry covered a period of 
more than forty years, during which he was instru- 
mental in bringing many to Christ, some of whom 
now occupy positions of prominence and usefulness 
in our churches. During his last illness, which 
was short but exceedingly painful, he experienced 
great peace of mind, and a sweet assurance through 
grace of entering into the everlasting rest. 

Chambers, Rev. K., was born about six miles 
from Milledgeville, April 7, 1814. He became the 
subject of religious impressions when young, and 
in 1832, he was baptized into the fellowship of 
Mount Olive church by Elder T. D. Oxford. He 
was ordained in 1839 by J. P. Leverett, J. J. , 
Salmon, and Wiley M. Pope. From that time till 
he left the State he was pastor of four churches, 
and one year served the Washington Association as 
missionary and colporteur. He removed to Florida 
in 1854, and settled in Columbia County, where he 
yet resides. Here, as in Georgia, his services were 
in demand, and the first year he lived in the State 
he preached to three churches. 

At his suggestion, and through his influence in 
part, the Santa F6 River Association was oi-ganized, 
and he served it two years as missionary, and in 
one year built up eight churches. He was several 
times elected moderator of the Association, and 
presided once or twice over the State Convention, 
and he was State evangelist for two or three years. 
More than 500 persons have been baptized by him 
in Florida. It is questionable whether any min- 
ister has been more largely instrumental in build- 
ing up the denomination in the State to its present 
condition, than Kinsey Chambers. 

He is strong in the gospel, and a thorough Bap- 



CHAM BLISS 



CHAMPLIN 



tist. He makes no compromises. He abounds in 
charity, but it is the charity that "rejoices in the 
truth." Though somewhat controversial in his 
ministry, and a man of decided convictions, he is 
generally beloved, and commands the respect of 
those wlio differ from him. He held a controversy 
with a Pedobaptist minister in 1860, and after- 
wards had the pleasure of immersing some who 
had been immersed by him. He is a conservative, 
however, in reference to disputed questions in re- 
ligion. He is a good and useful man, "whose 
foot has never slipped," and who preaches by his 
example. Not a spot can be found upon his char- 
acter. He has proved his devotion to the cause of 
Christ by his labors and sacrifices. Blessed with 
a good constitution, he has worked hard as a 
preacher of the gospel he loves so much. 

Chambliss, J. A., D.D., the able and popular 
pastor of the Citadel Square church, Charleston, 
S. C, was born at Athens, Ga., Aug. 30, 1840, his 
father, A. W. Chambliss, D.D., being at that time 
pastor of the Baptist church at Athens, and teacher 
of the University Grammar School. The subject 
of this sketch studied in the preparatory depart- 
ment of Howard College, Marion, Ala., to which 
place his father had moved, until 1855, when he 
entered Georgetown College, Ky., and remained 
two years, returning to Marion, where, in 1858, 
he entered Howard College, graduating with the 
first honor in 1859. In the fall of the same year 
he entered the Southern Baptist Theological Semi- 
nary at Greenville, and was graduated alone — the 
first graduate — in May, 1861. He professed con- 
version at eleven yeai-s of age, and was baptized at 
Marion, Ala., by Rev. J. H. DeVotie. His convic- 
tions in regard to preaching became settled and 
permanent when at Howard College, and God raised 
up friends to enable him to complete his education 
there and at the seminary, — first, in Jeremiah 
Brown, and then in ex-Gov. John Gill Shorter, 
two of God's noblemen ; both are now gone to 
their reward. Graduating at the seminary in his 
twenty-first year, he immediately settled as pastor 
of the church at Sumter, S. C. ; but the war coming 
on and bringing years full of anxiety and inter- 
ruptions, by calls to labor among the soldiers, he 
accepted a chaplaincy in the army and resigned his 
charge of the church, severing ties of the tenderest 
and most loving character. In 1866 he settled for 
a brief period as pastor of the Aiken, S. C, 
church, removing in 1867 to Richmond, Va., at the 
call of the Second Baptist church of that city. This 
pastorate continued four years, until the expres- 
sion, by the pastor, of opinions on the communion 
question not in unison with those of the church, 
led to his resignation. That the Christian love and 
confidence of the church were retained by him is 
evidenced by the present to him from the church, 



at parting, of a purse containing nearly $1000. For 
one year Mr. Chambliss taught a large classical 
and English school in Richmond, preaching con- 
stantly in the city and vicinity. In the summer 
of 1872 it became known that his views were sub- 
stantially in harmony with those of the denomina- 
tion at large, and he received several calls from 
different churches. In October, 1872, he accepted 
the call of the Citadel Square church, Charleston, 
where he still remains. Nothing but eminent abili- 
ties and an unimpeachable character, added to un- 
tiring exertions, could have given Mr. Chambliss 
the success in life he has met, and obtained for 
him the love and confidence he has ever received. 
Should he live he will undoubtedly take rank 
among the highest in the denomination, and ac- 
complish results that will make his name honorable 
in the annals of Christian labor. Mr. Chambliss 
is gentle in manners, and is universally popular. 
His churches have always been enthusiastically 
attracted to him, and he seems to possess in the 
highest degree the magnetic power of winning the 
affections of all who come in contact with him. 
As a preacher, he is simple, earnest, forcible, and 
pre-eminently evangelical. There are few more 
effective preachers of the simple, soul-saving truths 
of the gospel. 

Champlin, James Tift, D.D., was born in Col- 
chester, Conn., June 9, 1811. He entered Brown 
University in 1830, and graduated with the highest 
honors of his class in 1834. Among his classmates 
were Rev. Dr. Silas Bailey and Hon. -J. R. Bullock, 
afterwards governor of Rhode Island. From 1835 
to March, 1838, he was a tutor in the university, 
at the end of which period he was invited to the 
pastorate of the First Baptist church in Portland, 
Me. Here he remained until the fall of 1841, 
when he was called to the chair of Ancient Lan- 
guages in Colby University, then Waterville Col- 
lege. He remained in this position sixteen years, 
when he was invited to assume the oflfice of presi- 
dent of the college. He entered upon his duties 
in this capacity in 1857, and continued in the pres- 
idential chair until 1872, thus making his connec- 
tion with the college extend over a period of thirty- 
one years. The administration of Dr. Champlin 
was successful in adding greatly to the resources 
of the college, and increasing its facilities for giving 
a thorough training to young men seeking an edu- 
cation. He knew how to influence men of wealth, 
and awaken in them an interest in the cause of 
good learning. It was while he was president that 
the name which was given to the college in its 
original charter was changed to Colby University, 
in honor of Gardner Colby, Esq., of Boston, a 
large-hearted benefactor of the college. 

While acting as professor and president of the 
college. Dr. Champlin published several text-books 



CHANDLER 



CHANEY 



to be used in the departments of instruction which 
came under his special supervision. Among these 
were an edition of "Demosthenes on the Crown," 
"Demosthenes' Select Orations," '• ^schines on 
the Crown," "A Text-Book on Intellectual Philos- 
ophy," "First Principles of Ethics," "A Test- 




JAMES TIFT CHAMPMN, D.D. 

Book of Political Economy." He has written also 
for the periodical press. Soon after his resignation 
he removed to Portland, where he now (1878) resides. 

Chandler, Eev. Asa, a very prominent member 
of the Sarepta Association, Georgia, and a man who, 
for years, stood in the front rank of Baptist minis- 
ters of his section as a pious, able, and influential 
preacher. He was a strong supporter of missions and 
education ; was often moderator of his Association, 
and died after a long life of great usefulness, in 
which he had the loving confidence and respect of 
every one in the community. He possessed a fine 
person, an open, intelligent face, with an amiable 
and pleasant expression. 

Chandler, George Clinton, D.D., was bom 
March 19, 1807, at Chester, Vt. ; liaptized in 1825, 
and licensed to preach in 1831 ; graduated at 
Madison University in 1835, and in 1838, after 
a three years' course, at Newton; Sept. 5, 1838, 
was ordained, and soon after went to Indiana as a 
home missionary, and preached one year at Terre 
Haute. In 1839, he beca.ne pastor at Indianapolis, 
and in 1843 was appointed president of Franklin 
College. After seven years of great success as an 
educator, he was urged to go to Oregon as president 
of the young Baptist college there. He crossed the 
plains in 1851, and was for many years at the head 



of the institution, but subsequently gave himself to 
pastoral and missionary work, preaching and trav- 
eling over nearly all parts of the State. In 1874 
he was summoned to the vacant pulpit at Dalles, 
Oregon, and promptly heeded the call. In No- 
vember, 1874, after preaching from the words, " I 
can do all things through Christ," he was listening 
to the Sunday-school song, " Shall we meet beyond 
the River?" when the book fell from his hands ; he 
sat motionless, having been struck by paralysis. 
From that attack he has never recovered. In his 
home, at Forest Grove, he sits speechless still, appa- 
rently unconscious of all that is passing around 
him, or of the great work he has done in his long 
and useful life. His family is one of the most de- 
votedly pious in Oregon. His oldest son, Rev. E. K. 
Chandler, is a successful pastor at Rockfield, 111. 

Chandler, Rev. P. B., was born in Oglethorpe 
Co., Ga., Jan. 27, 1816 ; joined the church in Au- 
gust, 1838. Having decided that he was called to 
preach, he also determined to prepare for the work, 
consequently he sold out his home and farm and 
went, with his wife and three children, to Mercer 
University, Penfield, Ga., and spent three years. 
'I'aught two years in Georgia, and in November, 
1846, migrated to Texas, where he labored for two 
years as a missionary of the Home Mission Board 
of the Southern Baptist Convention. For twenty- 
eight years he resided in Fayette Co., Texas, 
preaching to churches in Fayette, Washington, and 
Savaca Counties, serving three or four at one time. 
Since 1874 he has resided near Gatesville, Coryell 
County, and preached to several churches. Has 
been for some years moderator of Colorado Associa- 
tion, and is moderator of Leon River Association. 
He has brought up four sons and eight daughters, 
all of whom are consistent members of Baptist 
churches. As a preacher, moderator of Associa- 
tions, vice-president of the State Convention, trus- 
tee of Baylor University, and in other relations of 
life, he has impressed the population among whom 
he has resided as few men have ever done in Texas. 

Chaney, Rev. Bailey E., a pioneer Baptist 
preacher of Mississippi, removed from South Caro- 
lina about 1790 and settled near Natchez. During 
the persecution against Curtis and his companions, 
Chaney concealed himself. When the territory 
was transferred to the United States the people 
assembled in large numbers, a brush ai-bor was 
constructed, and Bailey E. Chaney was sent for, 
and while the flag of the United States floated over 
him he preached the gospel of Christ unawed by 
the minions of Rome. In 1798 he visited an 
American settlement near Baton Rouge, in Louis- 
iana, and preached ; but being arrested, he ob- 
tained release by promising to preach no more. 
After this he returned to Mississippi and labored 
there until his death, which occurred about 1816. 



CHANLEB 



201 



CEAPIN 



Chanler, Rev. Isaac, was born in 1701 in 

Bristol, England, and removed to South Carolina 
-when he was about thirty-two years of age. He 
settled near Chai-leston, and was chosen pastor of 
the church in that city. He filled the office with 
great acceptance and success till his death, which 
occurred Nov. 30, 1749. He was distinguished for 
his talents and for his devoted piety. He pub- 
lished a work called " The Doctrines of Glorious 
Orace Unfolded, Defended, and Practically Im- 
proved," which was very highly esteemed. He 
also issued " A Treatise on Original Sin" and some 
minor publications. 

Chapell, Rev. Frederick Leonard, the pastor 
of the First Baptist church at Janesville, Wis., 
was born in Waterford Township, adjoining the 
city of iS'ew London, Conn., Nov. 9, 1836. His 
parents were Baptists, and members of the church 
in Waterford of which Elder Darrow was for so 
many years pastor. But his mother dying in his 
infanc}', he was adopted by an uncle and aunt who 
were Congregationalists. He was brought up 
under the religious influence of that denomina- 
tion, attending the ministry of the venerable Dr. 
Abel MeEwen, fifty-four years pastor of the First 
Congregational church of New London. He was 
a member of the "Gilead" Sunday-school, Water- 
ford, of which Hon. Gilbert P. Haven was the 
fiiunder, and for forty years the superintendent. 
Here, in this school, he laid the foundation of 
what has since grown up into a solid structure of 
Christian character. His religious exercises Ijegan 
early in his childhood, but he did not obtain a hope 
in Clirist until he was in his sixteenth year. Now 
began a struggle. His foster-parents and numer- 
ous friends desired that his public profession of 
Christ should be made in connection with the 
Congregational church. His convictions, after 
mature and prayerful study, would not allow him 
to be anything but a Baptist. Having settled the 
question of duty, his friends coi'dially concurring 
in his decision, he was baptized in October, 1853, 
into the Huntington Street chui-ch of New London 
by the pastor. Elder Jabez Swan. Immediately 
upon his conversion, having clear convictions that 
he was called to the work of the ministry, "not 
consulting with flesh and blood," he began at once 
a course of preparation for that work. He entered 
Yale College in 1856 and graduated in 1860, and 
entered Rochester Theological Seminary in 1861, 
graduating in the class of 1864. He was licensed 
to preach the gospel by the Wooster Place church of 
New Haven, of which Prof. W. C. Wilkinson was 
then pastor. Upon graduating in 1864, he accepted 
a call to the pastorate of the Baptist church in Mid- 
■dletown, 0., and was ordained in September of that 
year. Dr. Henry Harvey vras the moderator of the 
Council and preached the ordination sermon. 
14 



During his first pastorate he grew in strength as 
a minister, and rapidly built up the church in 
Christian usefulness and power. The church edi- 
fice was enlarged, improved, and refurnished at a 
cost of $12,000. In the summer of 1871 he ac- 
cepted the urgent call of the Baptist church in 
Evanston, 111., the principal subui'ban town of 
Chicago, and entered at once upon his work in this 
new field. During his pastoi-ate here the church 
rapidly grew in all the elements of healthy church 
life. Many families of wealth and influence were 
added to the congregation. A new church site 
was secured and a new house of worship erected, 
costing, with furnishing, $35,000. During Mr. 
Chapell's pastorate at Evanston he took an active 
part in all the denominational matters in the city 
of Chicago, being a member of the boards of the 
university and theological seminary, and secre- 
tary of the Northwestern Theological Union. He 
was a leading spirit in the ministers' meetings of 
the city. In July, 1878, he became pastor of the 
Baptist church in Janesville, Wis. During the 
sixteen years of his ministry he has preached 1501 
times and conducted 1328 social meetings. He 
has served as moderator of each of the Associations 
with which he has been connected. Mr. Chapell 
has on several occasions been selected as one of the 
lecturers before the students of the Chicago Bap- 
tist Theological Seminary. He has contributed 
valuable historical and philosophical articles to the 
periodical literature of the day, and a series of 
sermons on revivals, published by him several years 
since in the Standard, created much attention. He 
has a logical mind, and a special fondness for his- 
torical and philological investigation. He is a 
clear and able expounder of the AVord of God in 
the pulpit, and among his people a wise and faith- 
ful shepherd of the flock of God. 

Chapin, Rev. Nelson Elista, is a native of 

Granville, Washington Co., N. Y., where he was 
born March 10, 1815, and where he passed his 
early childhood and youth. His impressions that 
Christ called him to preach the gospel were clear 
and convincing, and early in life he gave himself 
to preparation for the work of the ministry. He 
pursued a course of study at Granville Academy, 
N. Y., and was also a student at Meriden Academy, 
N. H. He was under the instruction of Prof. Ilas- 
call, one of the founders of Madison University, 
N. Y. He was ordained in 1839 at Smithport, 
McKean Co., Pa., and immediately settled ns pas- 
tor of the Baptist church in Bradford, same county. 
After serving several churches in New York and 
Pennsylvania, he received, in 1845, a commission 
from the Genesee Baptist Association, N. Y., to 
operate as its missionary in the lead-mine district 
of Wisconsin. He immediately set out on his jour- 
I ney to his field of labor, with his wife and two chil- 



CHAPIN 



202 



CHAPLAINS 



dren, traveling the entire distance, about 1000 miles, 
in his own wagon, subjecting himself and family to 
great exposure and hardship in accomplishing it. 
lie began his ministry in Grant Co., Wis. His 
Meld, however, covered several entire counties, and 
to reach the dozen or more little churches of which 
lie was the missionary pastor, and most of which 
he had gathered, he had to travel over a circuit of 
200 miles every two weeks. He was of the heroic 
order of men and of great physical endurance, or 
he could not have sustained the vast strain that 
came upon him in these pioneer labors. He has 
been pastor at Lancaster, Beaver Dam, Darlington, 
Aztelan, Merton, and is now pastor at Lodi. His 
ministry in Wisconsin covers a period of forty years, 
and he is connected with the history and growth 
of the Baptist denomination in the State. For a 
br'.cf period Mr. Chapin served the American Bap- 
t'st Publication Society as agent, and the Baptist 
Theological Seminary at Chicago. The results of 
his ministry can be seen all over the State in the 
churches he gathered, the meeting-houses he built, 
and the hundreds of converts to whom he adminis- 
tered the ordinance of baptism. Mr. Chapin is 
known as a humble and devoted minister of 
Christ, a plain and scriptural preacher of the gos- 
])ol. These qualities, combined with his fervent 
piety and sterling common sense, have made him 
an efficient and able missionary pioneer. 

Chapin, Stephen, D.D., son of Stephen and 
Rachel Chapin, was born in Milford, Mass., Nov. 
4, 1778. In 1798 he began to prepare for college, 
under the instruction of the Rev. Caleb Alexander, 
of Meriden, and made such rapid progress that he 
entered Cambridge University, Mass., in July, 1799, 
graduating in 1804. He studied theology with the 
Rev. Nathaniel Emmons, Franklin, Mass., and was 
licensed to preach Oct. 10, 1804. He was ordained 
in Hillsborough, N. H., in June, 1805, but severed 
his connection with the church there in 1808 on 
account of difficulties respecting the so-called 
"Half-way Covenant," and in November, 1809, 
was installed as pastor of the church in Mount 
Vernon, N. H. It is a fact worthy of mention 
that Dr. Chapin was present as a deeply-interested 
friend at the sailing of the first American mission- 
aries from Boston in 1811. In 1818 he was dis- 
missed from his connection with the church on 
account of his change of views on the mode and 
subjects of baptism, having been until that time a 
Congregational Pedobaptist. In 1819 he was or- 
dained pastor of the Baptist church in North Yar- 
mouth, Me. In 1822 he left this field of labor to 
accept the professorship of Theology in Waterville 
College, Me.; was inaugurated iir August, 1823, 
and held the same until September, 1828,> when he 
was called to the presidency of the Columbian Col- 
lege, Washington, D. C. This position he resigned 



in 1841 in consequence of declining health, and died 
Oct. 1, 1845, in the sixty-seventh year of his age. 

Dr. Chapin was an intelligent and interested par- 
ticipant in all the denominational movements of 
his day. When the Triennial Baptist Convention 
was threatened with disruption, in consequence of 
the antagonistic views of its members on the ques- 
tion of slavery, he did all in his power to prevent 
the division which soon followed, and when the 
Southern Baptist Convention was formed he was 
made a delegate, although he did not attend its 
sessions. When Dr. Chapin entered upon the 
presidency of the Columbian College a crushing 
debt of upwards of $100,000 was hanging over it 
and crippling its energies. He sacrificed his ease 
and his health to remove this debt, and by frequent 
visits to the South to collect funds, and by the con- 
tribution of three years of his own salary, he finally 
succeeded in the onerous effort. Dr. Chapin had a 
very wide circle of most intimate friends. He was 
personally intimate with most of the great states- 
men of his da}', many of whom, like Jackson, Clay, 
Calhoun, Webster, Woodbury, McDuffie, Preston, 
Van Buren, Choate, Marshall, Taney, McLean, 
Mangum, were often seen at his hospitable board, 
and many of whose sons were under his personal 
instruction in the college. In the ministry his 
compeers and friends were Sharp, Wayland, Cliap- 
lin, Stow, Rice, Judson, Mercer, Brantly, Dagg. 
Semple, Broaddus. Ryland, Brown, and hosts of 
others, whom he frequently met at his own fire- 
side. His whole life was marked by those traits of 
character which inevitably win the warm regard 
and most tender love of men. But little of Dr. 
Chapin's literary labors are left us except a few 
sermons and tracts and essays, but they show us 
the superior culture of his mind. Among them 
are "Letters on the Mode and Subjects of Bap- 
tism," a valuable discussion of the question , " The 
Messiah's Victory," a discourse at the ordination 
of the Rev. Samuel Cook, Effingham, N. H. ; on 
the " Conversion of Mariners," " The Duty of 
Living for the Good of Posterity," a discourse de- 
livered in commemoration of the second centennial 
of the landing of the forefathers of New England ; 
" The Superior Glory of Gospel Worship," " Moral 
Education," " The Proclamation of Christ Crucified 
the Delight of God," "An Inaugural Address," 
delivered as president of the Columbian College ; 
" The Spirit of the Age," " The Design of God in 
Afflicting Ministers of the Gospel," " On the Death 
of Luther Rice," and an interesting letter to Presi- 
dent Van Buren "On the Proper Disposition of 
the Smithsonian Bequest." 

Chaplains in the TJ. S. Navy.— The corps of 
chaplains in the U. S. navy is limited by law to 
twenty-four. Any clergyman of unexceptionable 
character is eligible to the position, provided his 



CHAPLIN 



203 



CHAPLIN 



age does not exceed thirty-five years, and his piety, 
culture, and general fitness commend him to the 
President of the United States as one suitably 
qualified for the position, and to the Senate, by 
whose action the choice of the Pi-esident is con- 
firmed. Chaplains are designated as " staff-officers," 
the game as those of the medical and engineer 
corps, in distinction from " officers of the line," 
and rank according to seniority of service as cap- 
tains, commanders, lieutenant-commanders, and 
lieutenants. In pursuance of the law governing 
the retirement of commissioned officers, they ai'e 
retired from active service on reaching the age of 
sixty-two years, or from disability contracted in 
the service. Their duties are various, in connection 
with navy-yards, hospitals, receiving- and training- 
ships, and the flag-ships of the several squadrons. 
The Naval Academy at Annapolis and the Naval 
Asylum at Philadelphia furnish important fields 
for the work of the chaplain. The recent intro- 
duction of " school- or training-ships" as an organ- 
ized system for training boys in order to constantly 
recruit the naval service with competent and intel- 
ligent seamen, likewise ofi"ers a sphere of peculiar 
usefulness to chaplains. In addition to h'is func- 
tions as a preacher, where men or boys are in need 
of instruction he is to select competent teachers for 
this purpose, and he is held responsible for the 
faithful discharge of their duties. There ai'e at 
present five Baptist chaplains in the navy. 

Chaplin, Charles Crawford, D.D., son of Hon. 

W. R. Chaplin, was born in Danville, Va., Sept. 22, 
1831. He is the descendant of an old English 
family, one of whom emigrated from England in 
the latter part of the last century. He is related 
to theChaplins of New England, many of whom 
are Baptist preachers. He was educated at Rich- 
mond College, Va., the honors of which he was 
prevented from taking because of ill health ; was 
converted in 1853 ; entered college in 1854 ; retired 
from college in the spring of 1856, and was or- 
dained in Sandy Creek meeting-house, Va., Decem- 
ber, 1856 ; took charge of the Danville church im- 
mediately after his ordination, and retained it 
until June, 1870 ; took charge of Owensborough 
church, Ky., in 1870 ; resigned and became pastor, 
April, 1873, of the First Baptist church, Paducah, 
Ky., of which he was pastor till Jan. 1, 1877, when 
he settled with the First Baptist church of Austin, 
Texas ; has held meetings, during which between 
4000 and 5000 have been converted, 2500 of whom 
have joined Baptist churches. He has written 
ably for denominational periodicals. He has fre- 
quently presided over deliberative bodies of which 
he was a member, discharging his duties with skill 
and ability. The honorary degree of D.D. was 
conferred on him in 1878 by Baylor and Waco 
Universities. As a preacher, he ranks among the 



foremost for point, iinpressiveness, and forcible de- 
livery. He has written some poetry, which has 
been well received both by the secular and religious 
press. He was present on the field during seven 
pitched battles in the war between the States, and 
ministered to many wounded and dying Federal 
and Confederate soldiers. During his pastorate at 




CHARLES CRAWFORD CHAPLIN, D.D. 

Danville he was instrumental in building a par- 
sonage, a meeting-house, and a college edifice ; at 
Owensborough, a parsonage; at Paducah, in re- 
modeling the church edifice ; and at Austin is 
likely soon to see the church edifice remodeled 
and a parsonage built. The present governor and 
family (1878), and many other prominent people 
at the capital of Texas, are regular attendants upon 
his ministry. 

Chaplin, Jeremiah, D.D., was born in Rowley, 
Mass., Jan. 2, 1776. The name of his birthplace 
has been changed to Georgetown. "When but ten 
years of age he became a Christian, and was re- 
ceived by baptism into the church. Like so many 
eminent men in the denomination, he spent his 
youth upon his father's farm, strengthening his 
physical system by forming habits of inestimable 
value for after-life. At the age of nineteen he en- 
tered Brown University, and was graduated as the 
first scholar in his class in 1799. For one year he 
was tutor in the university, and then pursued his 
theological studies under Rev. Dr. Baldwin, of 
Boston. In the summer of 1802 he became the 
pastor of the Baptist church in Danvers, Mass. 
Besides performing with strict fidelity his work as 
a minister, he gave instruction to young men look- 



CHAPLIN 



204 



CHAPLIN 



ing forward to the Christian ministry. His min- 
istry in Daiivers continued for fourteen years. 

The reputation of Dr. Chaplin as a profound 
theologian and a devout Christian grew every year 
of his pastorate, and when, in 1807, it was proposed 
to open in Waterville, Me., a school for theological 
instruction with a view to meet the wants of the 
rising ministry in the district of Maine, the atten- 
tion of the friends of the enterprise was turned to 
the Danvers pastor as a most suitable person to 
take charge of the institution. Three years' exper- 
iment led the trustees to decide to enlarge the 
sphere of its operations, and in 1820 a charter was 
secured, and Waterville College, now Colby Uni- 
versity, commenced its existence, with Dr. Chaplin 
as its first president, which relation he sustained 
for thirteen years. It was a period of great toil 
and self-sacrifice, and a man of less heroic courage 
and persistency would have sunk under the heavy 
burdens which he bore through all these arduous 
years. The college was his idol, if he had any, 
and with unceasing efifort he labored for its welfare. 
" Under his wise and efficient administration of its 
affairs," says Prof. Conant, " the college was' pro- 
vided with the necessary buildings, library, philo- 
sophical and chemical apparatus, and the founda- 
tion laid of permanent prosperity in the confidence 
and attachment of its numerous friends." 

Dr. Chaplin resigned the presidency of the col- 
lege in 1833. Freed now from the weighty cares 
and responsibilities which had pressed so heavily 
upon him for thirteen years, he entered once more 
upon the work he so much loved, that of preacher 
and pastor of a church of Christ. This service he 
performed in Rowley, Mass., and at Willington, 
Conn., for several years. He died at Hamilton, 
N. Y., May 7, 1841." 

No one could be brought in contact with Dr. 
Chaplin without feeling that he was worthy of the 
universal respect which he inspired as a scholar, 
and especially as a profound theologian. The Hon. 
James Brooks, who was a student under him, says 
of him, — 

" His discourses were as clear, as cogent, as 
irresistibly convincing as problems in Euclid. He 
indulged in little or no ornament, but pursued one 
train of thought without deviation to the end. I 
attribute to him more than to any one else the 
fixture in my own mind of religious truths which 
no subsequent reading has ever been able to shake, 
and which have principally influenced my pen in 
treating of all political, legal, or moral subjects, 
the basis of which was in the principles of the 
Bible." This is high praise from the accomplished 
editor of the New York Evening Express. 

In an appreciative notice of his venerated teacher, 
Dr. Lamson thus speaks of him as a preacher: 

" There were none of the graces of oratory about 



him. Nature had not formed him to exhibit them, 
and he was far enough from aiming to do it. The 
tones of his voice were so peculiar that the ear ■ 
that once heard them would recognize them if 
heai'd the next time years afterwards and in the 
most distant land. His gestures were few and by 
no means varied. And yet, though it has been my 
privilege to listen to some of the most able and 
some of the most popular preachers in my own de- 
nomination and in others, I have seldom heard the 
man who could more closely confine my attention. 
I never heard a sermon from him which did not 
interest me. There was the greatest evidence of 
sincerity ; the skeptics could not for a moment 
doubt that he was uttering the honest convictions 
of his own heart. There was nothing like dullness 
in his pulpit services. Though his voice was so 
little varied as to be monotonous, and the gestures 
were so few and so much alike, yet there was 
somehow imparted to the whole service an air of 
animation. The style was chaste, simple, suited to 
the subject, and remarkable, I should think, for its 
purity. His discourses were often enlivened by 
striking illustrations drawn most frequently from 
the commonest relations of life, and yet so pre- 
sented as to fully sustain the dignity of the place 
and the subject. It is striking as showing the 
importance of this power of illustration in the 
preacher, that now, at this distance of time, I can 
recall some illustrations used by him, while every 
other portion of the sermons of which they are a 
part is irrevocably lost." 

Chaplin, Jeremiah, Jr., D.D., was born in 
Danvers, Mass., March 22, 1813, and was a gradu- 
ate of Waterville College in the class of 1833. He 
was settled in Bangor, Me., as pastor of the First 
Baptist church, his service there commencing in 
December, 1841. His subsequent settlements were 
in Norwalk, Conn,, and Dedham and Newton, Mass. 
For quite a number of years he has devoted him- 
self to authorship, and has written " Memorial 
Hour," "Life of President Dunster," "Life of 
Charles Sumner," " Life of Benjamin Franklin." 
He has also compiled " Riches of Bunyan," and has 
now in preparation a "Life of Galen." He has 
also written for the Christian Review and Baptist 
Quarterly, and for the leading Baptist papers of the 
North. 

Dr. Chaplin received the degree of Doctor of 
Divinity from Colby University, of which he was 
a trustee from 1843 to 1849, in 1857. His present 
residence is in Boston. 

Chaplin, John O'Brien, was born in Danvers, 
Mass., March 31, 1807. He was the eldest son of 
President Chaplin. He pursued his preparatory 
studies under the direction of students of Water- 
ville College, where he graduated in 1825. He had 
charge of the Latin Preparatory School connected 



CHARLTON 



CHASE 



with the college not far from two years, when he 
w^as chosen tutor, and subsequently Professor of 
the Latin and English Languages and Literature, 
which office he held for one year. Upon the 
resignation of his father as president of the college, 
Prof. Chaplin also left Waterville, and accepted an 
appointment as Professor of Greek and Latin in 
Columbian College, D. C. His connection with the 
college continued for ten years, from 1833 to 1843, 
when ill health compelled him to resign. For 
several years he continued his residence in Wash- 
ington, giving occasional instruction, as his strength 
permitted, in the college, with which he had been 
connected so many years. He came North about 
1850, and made his home Aviih his brother. Rev. 
A. J. Chaplin, and his brothers-in-law, Drs. B. F. 
Bronson and T. J. Conant. He was an invalid for 
several years, and was incapable of assuming much 
responsibility or performing much labor. Prof. 
Chaplin was a ripe, accomplished scholar. We are 
told that " a memory remarkably retentive to the 
last" made him ready master of his rich and varied 
learning. He is said to have been a most able 
and skillful critic of style; and his friends have 
deeply regretted that he did not leave to the world, 
as an essayist, some fruits of his remarkable knowl- 
edge and critical acumen. But, diffident in temper- 
ament, fastidious in taste, possessed by lofty ideals, 
abstracted in mind and enfeebled in body, his class- 
room instructions, his conversation, and private 
letters gave only to his personal friends and pupils 
evidence of his real intellectual capacity and power. 
And a life blameless, devout, and tenderly religious 
was clouded by a mental gloom which he inherited 
from his distinguished father, and which -was 
greatly aggravated by disease. Prof. Chaplin died 
at Conway, Mass., Dee. 22, 1872. 

Charlton, Rev. Frederick, was born in Con- 
necticut in 1822 ; converted at the age of sixteen, 
and baptized at eighteen ; he consecrated himself 
to the ministry ; graduated at Madison University ; 
was pastor three years at Webster, Mass., five years 
at Wilmington, Del., and then entered the service 
of the American Baptist Publication Society, in 
which he continued two years. In 1860 he re- 
moved to Sacramento, Cal., and was pastor of the 
church in that city until the time of his death, Aug. 
9, 1871. He was a man of stern principle, cour- 
teous, generous, scholarly, and eloquent. His ser- 
mons were always thoroughly studied, and de- 
livered without notes. His pastorates were all 
blessed with large revivals ; and in his pastoral 
work he reaped the fruit by educating the converts 
to active church work. The church at Sacramento 
was one of the largest and most influential in Cali- 
fornia. 

Chase, Irah, D.D., was born in Stratton, Vt., 
Oct. 5, 1793. His early years were spent on his 



father's farm, but he had no tastes for agricultural 
pursuits, and was, indeed, entirely unfitted for 
them, on account of the delicacy of his health. 
His love for learning early developed itself, and led 
to his preparation to enter upon a liberal course of 
study. In 1811 he became a member of the Soph- 
omore class in Middlebury College, Yt. Among 
his classmates were the well-known missionaries 
of the American Board of Commissioners for For- 
eign jMissions, Pliny Fisk and Levi Parsons, and 
the scholarly translator of Hengstenberg's " Chris- 
tology." During his Junior year he gave his heart 
to Christ, and henceforth devoted himself to the 
advancement of his kingdom. Soon after leaving 
college he went to xVndover, there being no theo- 
logical seminai'y among the Baptists in which to 
pursue his studies. He was the only representative 
of his denomination in the institution, but he M-as 
always treated courteously. " My experience,'' he 
says, " was an exemplification of the possibility of 
much Christian communion, without communion 
in baptism and the Lord's Supper." 




RAH CHASE, D.D. 



Having been ordained as an evangelist, he de- 
voted some time to missionary work in Western 
Virginia, While thus occupied he was solicited by 
the Rev, Dr. Staughton to unite with him in open- 
ing a theological school in Philadelphia. When a 
transfer of this school was made to Washington, 
he went with it, and was connected with it for seven 
years. At the end of this period there seemed to 
be a call in Providence for him to remove to some 
other locality, and the cloud which, as he thought, 
led his footsteps, at last rested over Newton. Here 



CHASE 



CHASE 



he began his work Nov. 28, 1825. It was " the 
day of small things," and the foundations of what 
has come to be so noble and so useful an institution 
were laid'with many prayers, and a f\iith which 
was " the substance of things hoped for, the evi- 
dence of things not seen." In those early days, 
however, there were a few friends, like Nathaniel 
R. Cobb and Levi Farwell, who pledged themselves, 
out of love to Christ and his cause, to stand by its 
fortunes so long as it was in their power to help 
forward its interests. The strong, long-cherished 
desire of Prof. Chase was to be a teacher of strictly 
Biblical theology, — to pursue a strictly Baconian 
method of ascertaining exactly what the Holy Scrip- 
tures teach, and from the knowledge thus obtained 
to construct his system of theology. Twenty years 
of his life were spent at Newton. How he toiled, 
what sacrifices he made, with what enthusiasm he 
engaged in his work ; how careful and painstaking 
he was in learning the precise meaning of the 
Scriptures by the diligent study of the languages 
in which they were written ; how he encouraged 
desponding students, and by his cheering words 
poured new life into many a depressed spirit ; how 
his prayers and his benedictions followed the young 
men as they went forth from under the training of 
his careful hand to become the teachers of religion 
and the guides of the church, — these are things 
which only the revelations of eternity will disclose. 
The denomination owes to him a debt which it can 
never pajj-. He believed in a properly-educated 
ministry. It was his conviction that no denomina- 
tion of Christians had a right to think it could get 
a strong hold on any intelligent community and 
retain that hold until it had in its ranks cultivated 
men, " apt to teach," and train up the disciples 
of Christ in knowledge and holy living. He did 
his part in securing for the Baptist churches such 
an order of men, and if we should mention the 
names of some of those who came under his in- 
structions we should find them among the bright 
lights of the denomination. 

On ending his relation with the Newton Theo- 
logical Institution. Prof. Chase removed to Boston, 
and became a member of Dr. Sharp's church. It 
was here that the writer of this sketch was brought 
into intimate relations with him as his pastor. 
Often did he speak the word of encouragement to 
him when weighed down by the cares and burdens 
of a city minister's life. 

Prof. Chase, by personal observation, made him- 
self acquainted with the gifted men in the Old 
World whose lines of thought and study were in 
the direction of his own. He spent several months 
of the year 1823 at Halle and Leipsic. He also 
heard the lectures of distinguished professors at 
Gottingen. He studied out the history and the 
church polity of the Mennonites, by going directly 



to the sources of knowledge respecting that inter- 
esting class of Christians, and subsequently gave 
the results of his investigations in a published 
article on that subject. Whether working at home 
or abroad in his favorite profession, he spared no 
pains in obtaining information, and none in giving 
to the world fairly and truthfully the knowledge 
he had obtained. It would be a wonder indeed to 
find him making a loose and unreliable statement 
of any doctrine, or opinion, or fact which he had 
made a matter of special investigation. If Prof. 
Chase had not the magnetic power of Moses Stuart, 
who seemed to arouse and electrify his classes as if 
with the wand of a magician, and when thus ex- 
cited would quite boldly assert as truth what after- 
wards he was compelled to modify, he had what, as 
a Biblical teacher, was better worth possessing, the 
will to investigate patiently, and the honesty to 
state exactly what he had discovered. In many 
respects he was a model teacher of theology, to a 
class of inquiring minds who were desirous of 
knowing with precision, what they were to commu- 
nicate as teachers of God's Word from the sacred 
desk. 

Prof. Chase's useful life closed amid the scenes 
he so much loved at Newton, Nov. 1, 1864. His 
remains were laid away in the beautiful cemetery 
of his village home. 

Chase, Rev. Supply, vi^as born in Guilford, Vt., 
Sept. 30, 1800. His parents removed soon after to 
Tully, Onondaga Co., N. Y., and here their son 
grew to manhood, eagerly desiring a better educa- 
tion than seemed within his reach, but studying as 
best he could. He taught school for several years, 
and had a special fondness for military life. At 
the age of thirty-one he was colonel of the 62d 
Regiment of New York State troops. He became a 
disciple of Christ in 1831, and was baptized July 3, 
in Tully. Immediately after joining the church 
he was summoned by its great Head to work in 
the gospel ministry, but he disregarded the call 
for several years. He preached for the first time 
March 1, 1835, and was ordained Nov. 10, 1835. 
In February following he was commissioned by the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society to preach 
in Pontiac, Mich., but i-eaching that place in May 
he found another man engaged as pastor, and there- 
fore he turned to Mount Clemens. He was pastor 
successively in Mount Clemens, Mount Pleasant, 
Washington, Stony Creek,' Romeo, Northville, and 
in the Second church, Detroit. Between the two 
pastorates last named he served the American 
Baptist Publication Society three years, and en- 
gaged in woi-k as an evangelist three yeai-s. Since 
reaching the age of seventy-three years he has not 
been a pastor, but has been supplying destitute 
churches and laboring in protracted meetings. His 
residence is Detroit. During his ministry he has 



CUAUDOIN 



207 



CHENEY 



enjoyed many seasons of revival. He was one of 
the original members of the Baptist Convention of 
the State of Michigan. 

Chaudoin, Rev. W. N.— William Nowell Chau- 
doin is of French descent on his father's side, be- 
ing great-grandson of Francis Chaudoin, a Hugue- 
not, who brought the name to this continent. His 
father and grandfather, and some of his more re- 
mote relatives, were Baptist ministers. Mr. Chau- 
doin was born in Robertson Co., Tenn., Aug. 10, 
1829; was converted in his sixteenth year, and 
baptized by Rev. William F. Luck, in Davidson 
Co., Tenn. Two years after he commenced to 
preach, and was ordained by W. S. Baldry, W. D. 
Baldwin, and William Bimnberlow, in Davidson 




County. While laboring in Kashville, Tenn., he 
contracted a cough that has baffled all efforts to 
cure. This led to his removal to the State of 
Georgia, in 1857, and also to his leaving the pasto- 
rate, in 18G9, and entering as missionary agent, the 
service of the Home Mission Board, then called the 
Domestic Mission Boai-d of the Southern Baptist 
Convention. In that cappcity he has labored partly 
in Florida each year since 1872. and now his labors 
are nearly all in that State, as a missionary and 
as editor of the Florida department of the Christian 
Index, of Georgia. 

Cheever, Daniel.— Sept. 1, 1858, Daniel Cheever 
died at Delavan, 111., in the eighty-ninth year of 
his age. He was born at Wrentham, Mass., Dec. 
20, 1769. Though educated a Congregation alist, 
he was led, upon his conversion at the age of nine- 
teen, by personal study of the Scriptures to adopt 



Baptist views, and presenting himself to the Nortli 
Attleborough Baptist church, he was received and 
baptized. He removed to Illinois in 1857, uniting 
with the Delavan Baptist church in -Tazewell 
County, of which he remained a member until 
his death. For si.xty-nine years he had walked 
with God as a faithful member of a Cliristinii 
church. 

Cheney, David Batehelder, D.D.— Since en- 
tering fully upon the active duties of the ministry 
in 1843, a period of thirty-seven years. Dr. Cheney 
has had a career of signal activity and usefulness. 
We regret that, as in other cases, only a brief out- 
line of it can be given here. He was born in 
Southbridge, Mass., June 8, 1820, and spent his 
childhood and early youth upon_his fiithers farm. 
He was baptized May 20, 1836. by tiie late Dr- 
■J. G. Binney, to whom also in his earlier Chris- 
tian life he was greatly indebted. Simultaneously 
with his conversion came the conviction that ho 
must preach the gospel, and -with this view he began 
a course of study, in prosecuting which he was 
dependent entirely upon such resources as he could 
command by efforts of Iiis own. Under the strain 
his health began to suffer. After six years spent 
in the Worcester and Shelburne Falls Academies, 
and in Amherst College, he decided to prosecute 
what remained of needful study in connection with 
his ministerial work. He began preaching when 
only nineteen or twenty years of age, but was or- 
dained at the age of about twenty-three, October, 
1843, at Mansfield, Conn. His mind was already 
turned towards the West, so that he hardly con- 
sidered himself a pastor at Mansfield, though he 
spent two fruitful years with that people: tlie 
house of worship was rebuilt, the congregation 
greatly increased, while the benevolent contribu- 
tions of the church were enlarged some twenty- 
fold. Near the close of the second year he was 
called to two open fields, but as his thoughts were 
still towai-ds the West he hesitated to accept cither. 
At length he decided for Greenville, a part of Nor- 
wich, Conn., where a church was to be organized 
and a house of worship built. A church was ac- 
cordingly soon formed, with 100 members, and the 
new house built. A precious revival began before 
the house was complete, and upon the dedication 
of the new sanctuary the congregation so increased 
that very soon the house was filled from pulpit to 
door. Between 30 and 40 were baptized as the 
fruit of the revival. 

The interest in Western work, however, remained 
unabated, and correspondence with the board in 
New York, and a visit to Columbus, 0., resulting 
in a call from the church in the last-named city, 
with aid towards his support from the Home Mis- 
sion treasury, he removed to Columbus in April, 
1847. The pastorate here was a rcmarkalilc one. 



CHENEY 



208 



CHICAGO 



The church as he found it numbered some 200 
members, but was poor and heavily in debt. At 
the end of five and a half years the church had 
become one of the largest and most efficient in the 
State, its available financial strength having in- 
creased fifteen-fold. Three years of the period 
named were cholera years. Mr. Cheney remained 
at his post while, especially in the first of the three 
years, every other Protestant pastor left the city. 
His labors among the sick and the dying and in 
attendance upon funerals were constant. The first 
year was passed by himself and family in safety, 
but in the second his wife died of the terrible dis- 
ease, and himself and two children were attacked 
and bai-ely escaped with life. The result was 
broken health, and the assurance on the part of his 
physicians that a change of residence had become 
imperative. A second attack of cholei-a left no 
alternative, and accepting one of the various calls 
which he had before him, he removed to Philadel- 
phia and became pastor of the Eleventh Baptist 
church in that city, entering upon his duties there 
Nov. 15, 1852. Here he remained until 1859. 
Three of the seven years were blessed by an almost 
constant revival of religion. While here, also, the 
marked executive ability which he was known to 
possess led to the ofier successively of the secretary- 
ship of the Missionary Union, the Amei-ican and 
Foreign Bible Society, the Home Mission Society, 
and the Publication Society. The last was offered 
him in the year 1856, the post having fallen vacant 
in the middle of the year ; he served for the latter 
half of the year, writing the Annual Report, but, 
declining further service, surrendered the place to 
the present able secretary, whom he had the pleas- 
ure of introducing to the office he has filled so 
long and so successfully. While in Philadelphia, 
also, he took a leading part in the work of minis- 
terial education, being made seeretai'y of the Penn- 
sylvania Education Society soon after his resi- 
dence in the State began, and continuing in that 
office till his removal to San Francisco, in July, 
1859. 

In San Francisco Mr. Cheney remained eight 
years. He then returned East, accepting the pas- 
torate of the Central Square chui-ch in Boston. 
His pastorate here had a duration of thi-ee years 
and a half He found a church of 267 members, 
and left it with one of 484, 233 of the additions 
having been by baptism. The house of worship, 
which had been destroyed by fire, was also in the 
mean time rebuilt. During the last two yeara of 
his stay in Boston Mr. Cheney served on the Ex- 
ecutive Committee of the Missionary Union. In 
April, 1874, he removed to Chicago, as pastor of the 
Fourth church, formed by the union of the Ashland 
Avenue and Union Park churches. This union, 
consummated as the result of his coming, restored 



strength where there had been feebleness, and in- 
augurated a pastorate of great value not only to 
the church but to the denomination. After some 
four years of service here he accepted the call of 
the First Baptist church in Elgin, 111., where he is 
still the useful and valued pastor. 

Mr. Cheney has served upon boards of trustees, 
missionary and educational, during many years. 
While in Ohio he was one of the trustees of Gran- 
ville University ; in California, of the State Uni- 
versity, the presidency of which was also offered 
him. In Illinois, almost from the time of his ar- 
rival in the State, he has been called to similar 
service on the boards of the theological seminary 
and the university at Chicago. The boards of 
home and foreign missions, and others, have also 
had his service. In these positions he never fails 
to take a leading part, and to command for his 
opinions and measures- the confidence, of his asso- 
ciates. 

Chessman, Rev. Daniel, was born in Boston, 
July 15, 1787, and was baptized by Rev. Dr. Bald- 
win, Oct. 30, 1803. Believing himself called of 
God to preach the gospel, he entered Brown Uni- 
versity in 1807 to prepare himself for his future 
work. While pursuing his studies he was not idle 
in his Master's cause. In connection with two or 
thi-ee other students he laid the foundations of what, 
until recently, was the Third Baptist church in 
Providence, now a constituent part of the Union 
church. He graduated in 1811. For a short time 
he was inclined to study law, but prayerful con- 
sideration brought him to the conclusion that in 
the ministry he could best glorify God and benefit 
the souls of his fellow-men. He was licensed by 
his church July 5, 1812, and not long after was 
ordained and settled as pastor of the church in 
Warren, R. I., where he remained two years, and 
then accepted a call to Hallowell, Me. Here he 
was pastor for nine years. From Hallowell he 
went to Lynn, Mass., where he spent four years, 
and then became pastor of the church in Barn- 
stable, Mass., where he died May 21, 1839. 

. Mr. Chessman was a much more than ordinary 
preacher. Easy and graceful in his manner, with 
a ready utterance, and sincere interest in his work, 
he commanded and secured the love and respect 
of the churches and congregations to which he 
ministered. 

Chicago, Baptist Churches in.— Near the end 
of Maj', in the year 1867, at the annual meeting 
for that year of the Home Mission Society of the 
Baptist denomination of the United States, held in 
Chicago, the president of the society, Hon. J. M. 
Hoyt, of Cleveland, in his opening address, said, 
"In September, 1833, the Pottawattomies, 7000 
strong, were assembled here where we are now 
convened. Here they deliberated, and finally, 



CHICAGO 



CHICAGO 



through the agency of their chiefs, formally ceded 
the territory of Illinois and the site of the city of 
Chicago to the United States government. Having 
done this they passed on to the Mississippi. Im- 
mediately the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society detailed a Freeman (Rev. Allen B. Free- 
man) to stand as sentinel at this post." 

The attention of the secretary of the society, 
Dr. Jonathan Going, had been called to this point 
in a letter to Rev. C. G. Sommers, of New York, 
by Dr. John T. Temple, then a resident here, and 
a member of the Baptist denomination. "We 
have no servant of the Lord Jesus Christ," -writes 
Dr. Temple, " to proclaim the glad tidings of sal- 
vation. I write to beg you will see Dr. Going, and 
ask that a young man of first-rate talent, whose 
whole heart is in the cause of Christ, may be sent 
out immediately, before the ground shall be occu- 
pied by some other organization. I will myself 
become responsible for $200 per annum for such a 
missionary." This passage in Dr. Temple's letter 
was sent by Dr. Going to Allen B. Freeman, a 
young man who was then just finishing his studies 
at what is now Madison University, in Hamilton, 
N. Y. Mr. Freeman was the son of Rev. Rufus 
B. Freeman, an esteemed Baptist minister of Cen- 
tral New York, described to Dr. Temple by Dr. 
Going as "a talented, pious, and eflficient man." 
Such he proved himself to be even in the brief 
period of the ministry performed by him as a mis- 
sionary of the society at Chicago. He arrived at 
Chicago in August, 1833, finding a home with Dr. 
Temple, and entering at once upon earnest find 
diligent labor, not only in preaching, but " from 
house to house." Measures were almost immedi- 
ately taken for the erection of a house of worship. 
"It was," says Cyrus Bentley, Esq., in his "His- 
tory of the First Baptist Church," " an humble 
edifice, designed both as a place of religious wor- 
ship and as a school-house, and cost when com- 
pleted the sum of §600, §150 of which was in 
arrears, and remained as a debt upon the prop- 
erty." 

Oct. 19, 1833, a church of 15 members was 
organized, — the First Baptist church of Chicago 
and the first Baptist church in the whole north- 
western region north of Peoria, save one, the 
church at Plainfield having come into existence a 
few months earlier. 

Mr. Freeman continued in service only one year 
and a half. In December, 1834, while upon one 
of his itinerating tours, having administered the 
rite of baptism at Bristol, in the Fox River, as he 
was returning homeward his horse gave out, and 
much of the journey had to be made on foot, amidst 
inclement weather and great exposure. The con- 
sequence was a fever, of which he died Dec. 15, 
1834. His last words were, " Tell my revered 



father that I die at my post and in my Master's 
work." 

These were the beginnings of Baptist history in 
Chicago. Subsequent events must be noticed less 
in detail. Mr. Freeman was succeeded, in 1835, by 
Rev. I. T. Hinton. After him came Rev. C. B. 
Smith, in 1842. In 1843, Rev. E. H. Hamlin be- 
came pastor, and in October, 1845, Rev. Miles San- 
ford. After some two years of service he also 
resigned, and for fourteen months following Rev. 
Luther Stone, editor of the Watchman of the Prai- 
ries, served as acting pastor. In September, 1848, 
Rev. Elisha Tucker, D.D., became pastor, contin- 
uing in service until 1851, when he resigned, the 
pulpit remaining vacant until October, 1852, when 
Rev. John C. Burroughs became pastor. Almost 
immediately upon the commencement of his labors 
the house of worship, which had been built in 
1843, under the pastorate of Rev. E. H. Hamlin, 
was burned. Measures were taken at once for the 
rebuilding ; the corner-stone was laid July 4, 1853, 
and the house dedicated November 12 following. 
In 1856, Mr. Burroughs resigned, and Dr. W. G. 
Howard, of Rochester, was called to the pastorate. 
He was succeeded, in 1859, by Dr. W. W. Everts, 
and he, in 1879, by Dr. Geo. C. Lorimer, the present 
pastor. 

The second Baptist church in order of time in 
Chicago was the Tabernacle church, composed of 
32 members of the First church, who left tliat body 
in 1842, and organized upon the west side of the 
river. This church was served by successive pas- 
tors, among others Rev. Lewis Raymond, Rev. 
Archibald Kenyon, Rev. J. E. Kenney, and Rev. 
Nathaniel Calver, D.D., until the year 1864, when 
an important change took place, affecting favorably 
the situation of all the Baptist churches in the 
city. In that year the First church sold its prop- 
erty at the corner of La Salle and Washington 
Streets to the Chamber of Commerce, receiving 
for it the sum of $65,000. Of this sum such a use 
was made as should be helpful to the other churches 
of the city. The house, built, as we have said, in 
1853, was given to such members of the church as 
should unite with the Tabernacle church upon the 
west side of the river, with a location more favor- 
able, the resulting organization to be called the 
Second Baptist church of Chicago. It was accord- 
ingly taken down, removed to the west side, and 
there re-erected at the corner of Morgan and Jlon- 
roe Streets. In the union of the Tabernacle church 
with members of the First church living on the 
west side of the river a strong, efficient church 
Avas formed. The removal and rebuilding of the 
house cost some §20,000. Rev. E. J. Goodspeed, 
of Janesville, was called to the pastorate, and years 
of signal Christian activity, growth, and prosperity 
followed. Dr. Goodspeed, in the later years of his 




FIRST liAl'TIST Clll'lU'II, CHICAGO. 



CHICAGO 



CHICAGO 



pastorate, was assisted by his brother, Rev. T. W. 
Goodspeed. Upon the termination of their joint 
pastorate, occasioned by the failing health of the 
senior pastor, Dr. Galusha Anderson, of Brooklyn, 
■was called. He was succeeded by Dr. John Ped- 
die, of Philadelphia. Dr. Peddie having accepted 
a call to the pastorate of the First Baptist church 
in New York City, was succeeded by the Rev. 
"VV. M. Lawrence, of Philadelphia. 

The third Baptist church in order of time in 
Chicago was the Edina Place, organized by mem- 
bers of the First church, by whom a house of wor- 
ship was built at the corner of Edina Place and 
Harrison Street. Rev. Robert Boyd was called as 
the first pastor. Under his remarkable ministry 
the church enjoyed great prosperity. A better 
location was found for it in due time at the corner 
of Wabash Avenue and Eighteenth Street ; sub- 
sequently it removed to Michigan Avenue and 
Twenty-third Street, erecting there a fine house of 
worship and changing its name to the Michigan 
Avenue Baptist church. The successive pastors 
have been Robert Boyd, D.D., E. G. Taylor, D.D., 
Samuel Baker, D.D., Jesse B. Thomas, D.D., Rev. 
F. M. Ellis, J. W. Custis, D.D., and Rev. -James 
Patterson. Rev. K. B. Tupper is the acting pastor 
at present. 

Union Park Baptist church was the fourth in 
order of date organized in Chicago. This took 
place in September, 1856, the location chosen 
being near Union Park. Rev. A. J. -Joslyn was 
the first pastor. After him came Rev. J. S. Mahan, 
E. G. Taylor, D.D., Rev. Florence McCarthy, D. B. 
Cheney, D.D., and E. B. Hulbert, D.D., the last 
named being still in service. The house of worship 
now occupied — the second built by the church in 
the course of its history — stands at the coi'ner of 
West Washington and Paulina Streets. The name 
of the church has been changed to the Fourth Bap- 
tist church of Chicago. 

In November, 1857, the North Baptist church 
was organized, under the ministry of Rev. J. A. 
Smith, of the Standard. The place of meeting 
was at first the lecture-room of Rush Medical Col- 
lege, on the north side of the river. In the follow- 
ing spring and summer a house of worship was built 
at the corner of Ohio and Dearborn Streets. The 
church having become sufficiently strong to sustain 
a pastor, Mr. Smith resigned, and Dr. S. W. Lynd 
was called. He was succeeded by Rev. A. H. Strong, 
now president of the Rochester Theological Sem- 
inary, and he by Rev. A. A. Kendrick, now presi- 
dent of ShurtlefiF College. Mr. Kendrick was suc- 
ceeded by Reuben Jeffrey, D.D., and he by Rev. 0. 
T. Walker. In the great fire of 1871 the house of 
worship of the church — a new edifice upon Chicago 
Avenue, purchased from a Unitarian church — was 
destroyed, and the organization broken up. The 



ground it had held remained mostly unoccupied 
until the organization of the Central church by 
Rev. E. 0. Taylor in 1877. This prosperous society 
may be regarded as the successor of the North 
church, and as continuing its history. 

The North Star Baptist church is also upon the 
north side of the river, at the corner of Division 
and Sedgwick Streets. It began as a mission of 
the First church, established in 1860. A property 
was there acquired at a cost of some $30,000, con- 
sisting of a chapel and parsonage. These were de- 
stroyed by the fire of 1871, but rebuilt, through the 
efforts of Dr. Everts. The mission became a church 
in 1870, Rev. Geo. L. Wrenn being its first pastor. 
After a service of five years he was succeeded by 
Rev. E. R. Pierce. After him came Rev. -J. M. 
Whitehead, who was succeeded by Rev. R. P. Al- 
lison, and he by Rev. Joseph Rowley, the present 
pastor. 

The Indiana Avenue Baptist church, at the cor- 
ner of Indiana Avenue and Thirtieth Street, in the 
south part of the city, was organized in 1864. It 
grew out of a mission founded there by the First 
church in 1863, a neat house of worship being 
erected in that year upon lots donated for the pur- 
pose. The organization of a church occurred in 
the year following. J. A. Smith, D.D., served as 
pastor five years. He was followed by M. S. Rid- 
dle, D.D., to whom succeeded Rev. F. D. Kickerson, 
followed by Rev. W. W. Everts, Jr. Upon the re- 
moval of the First church to the corner of South 
Park Avenue and Thirty-first Street, in 1875, the 
Indiana Avenue church was dissolved, and its 
members united with the First church. 

Near the close of 1868 the University Place 
church was organized in the chapel of the univer- 
sity, being composed of members of the Indiana 
Avenue and First churches living in that vicinity. 
J. A. Smith, D.D.. served as the first pastor, being 
followed by Wm. Hague, D.D., Avho was succeeded 
as acting pastor Ijy J. B. Jackson, D.D., and he by 
Rev. A. J. Frost, now of California. A. Owen, 
D.D., came next, who was succeeded by Rev. .J. T. 
Burhoe, the present pastor. The house of worship 
built by the church stands on Thirty-fifth Street 
near Rhodes Avenue. 

The Western Avenue church, on the west side 
of the river, was organized in 1869. Its first pas- 
tor. Rev. -John Gordon, Avas signally successful in 
building up the church to a strong and independent 
position. The present pastor. Rev. C. Perrin, is 
also much prospered in his work. Other churclies 
in the vicinity are the Centennial, organized in 
1875 ; Coventry Street, 1870 ; South church. 1867 ; 
Central. 1877: Olivet (colored), 1853; Providence 
(colored), 1871; Dearborn Street, 1875; Twenty- 
fifth Street ; with a Danish, a Swedish, and a Ger- 
man. Mention should also be made of the Taber- 



CHICAGO 



212 



CHICAGO 



nacle, conducted by Mr. B. F. Jacobs, and various 
missions in different parts of the city, sustained by 
the several churches. 

Chicago, Baptist Union Theological Sem- 
inary at. — About the year 1860 a conviction had 
become quite general in various parts of the Nortli- 
western States that provision should be made at. 
some suitable point west of the lakes for distinctively 
theological education. The University of Chicago 
had been recently established, and was already 
giving promise of permanent grov?th and power. 
Colleges of considerably older date existed in other 
parts of the West, and were acquiring financial in- 
dependence and literary reputation. For theological 
education, however, the West was wholly dependent 
upon the East. It was felt that an institution more 



logical centre for the Northwest, as also its com- 
mercial and literary centre, is at Chicago, and also 
that if they were i-ight in this, they must be equally 
justified in their confidence that, planted thus at 
the true centre, the institution would make its own 
way. Accordingly a meeting was called by the 
three brethren who decided to assume this respon- 
■sibility, viz., W. W. Everts, J. B. Olcott, and J. 
A. Smith, to be held at the First Baptist church in 
Chicago. This took place in the year 1860. But 
few were present, yet it was decided there to or- 
ganize the Baptist Theological Union for the North- 
west, which was accordingly done. Officers were 
chosen, and a committee appointed to report a con- 
stitution at a meeting to be held in the following 
I year. At the meeting in 1861 other members were 




CHICAGO BAPTIST UNION IHEOLOGU VI SEMINARY 



easily accessible, and in which the 
istry could have a Western theological training, was 
becoming indispensable. In the year 1859 a con- 
vention of delegates representing the denomination 
in several Northwestern States was held at Chicago 
for the consideration of this subject. No result was 
reached, further than to make it clear that while a 
conviction of the need referred to was unanimous, 
there were decided, and possibly irreconcilable dif- 
ferences of opinion as to the point at which to locate 
the proposed theological seminary, should one be 
decided upon. 

In view of these facts, a few brethren in Chicago 
decided to take the responsibility of an initiative ; 
influenced by the persuasion that the true theo- 



received, and further preliminary steps taken. The 
organization, however, was not perfected until the 
meeting held Aug. 13, 1863. A constitution was 
then adopted and officers chosen ; Hon. Richard S. 
Thomas being made President, Rev. Luther Stone, 
Secretary, and Edward Goodman, Esq., Treasurer. 
The charter of incorporation was given, by act of 
the Illinois Legislature, Feb. 16, 1865. 

As appears by this recital, the steps of progress 
were slow. Care was exercised that no measure 
should be premature ; that the enterprise should 
lest, for its growth, upon an increasing conviction 
of its necessity in the denomination to which it 
must look for the means of success. Strenuous 
effort was made, also, at this time in behalf of the 



CHICAGO 



CHICAGO 



university endowment, and it was judged unwise 
to bring forward another claimant to the liberality 
of our people in a way that might embarrass both 
undertakings. No more, accordingly, was at- 
tempted than simply to hold the enterprise in such 
a state of forwardness as would facilitate more 
direct and energetic effort when the time for it 
should come. In the mean time theological in- 
struction was commenced, under a temporary ar- 
rangement, first by Dr. Nathaniel Colver, as Pro- 
fessor of Doctrinal Theology, and in 1866 by Dr. 
Colver and Prof. J. C. C. Clarke, who organized at 
the university theological classes, numbering in all 
about a dozen students. The expenses of this ser- 
vice were met chiefly by personal friends of Dr. 
Colver at the East,— W. W. Cook, Esq., of White- 
hall, N. Y., and Messrs. Barnes and Davis, of Bur- 
lington, Vt. 

In the autumn of 1866 a faculty was organized 
by the election of Rev. G. W. Nortlirup, D.D., 
then Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the 
Rochester Theological Seminary, as president, and 
Professor of Christian Theology, and of Rev. J. B. 
Jackson, pastor of the Baptist church in Albion, 
N. Y., as Professor of Ecclesiastical History. Dr. 
Colver became president of the Freedmen's Insti- 
tute at Richmond, Va., and Prof. Clai-ke entered 
the pastorate. More direct effort was now made 
for the raising of funds. Generous friends in 
Chicago and elsewhere came forward with dona- 
tions in sums ranging from §1000 to §5000, and the 
enterprise was vigorously pressed. In September, 
1867, Rev. G. W. Warren, A.M., of Boston, was 
elected Professor of Hebrew and Exegesis, and on 
October 2 of that year the work of instruction 
under the new organization began. In the year 
1867-68, 20 students were in attendance, 2 in the 
middle class, 18 in the Junior. Eev. G. S. Bailey, 
D.D., at the time of the organization of the new 
faculty, was chosen corresponding and financial 
secretary, and, aided by Rev. Thos. Allen and Rev. 
Wm. M. Haigh, prosecuted with energy and success 
the work of raising funds. In 1868, lots of land 
having been secured near the university, the erection 
of a building was commenced, and the edifice was 
completedanddedicated July 1,1869. Itwas built of 
brick, 214 feet in length, 46 feet wide, and 4 stories 
high. The cost was §60,000. Of this sum §30,000 
remained as a debt, in bonds secured upon the 
property. The number of students had now in- 
creased to 2.5, three of whom graduated that year. 
The assets of the seminary at this point in its his- 
tory were reported at §144,000 : its liabilities, in- 
cluding bonds and indebtedness for the ground on 
which the buildings stood, and otherwise, at §54,266. 
Of these assets, §80,000 were in buildings and 
grounds, §11,250 in other real estate, and the re- 
mainder in notes and subscriptions. 



At the date last given, July 1 , 1869, the connection 
of Prof. AVarren with the seminary was terminated, 
and Prof. A. N. Arnold, D.D., of the Theological 
Seminary at Hamilton, N. Y., was made Professor 
of Biblical Literature and Exegesis, and Rev. AVm. 
Hague, D.D., Professor of Homiletics and Pastoral 
Duties. For the year 1869-70 the number of stu- 
dents had increased to 40. In this year, also, the 
library of Dr. Hengstenberg, of Berlin, Prussia, 
consisting of 13,000 volumes, was purchased 
through the liberality of friends of the seminary 
and university. It is a remarkably rich collection, 
especially in patristic and inedigeval literature, and 
in works by foreign authors of later date. In Sep- 
tember, 1870, Prof. Jackson resigned, and soon 
after, Dr. Hague, being obliged by his wife's state 
of health to return East, also resigned. Prof. E. C. 
Mitchell, D.D., of Shurtleff College, was elected 
Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Literature, 
and R. E. Pattison, D.D., Professor of Biblical In- 
terpretation and History of Doctrines. 

The Scandinavian department in the seminary 
was organized in 1873 under the instruction of 
Prof J. A. Edgren. It has from year to year more 
and more proved itself an important feature of the 
institution. As the only department of the kind 
in this country, and as providing an educated min- 
istry for a large and increasing Scandinavian pop- 
ulation in the Northwestern States, it is entitled to 
special consideration. 

In 1874, Rev. T. J. Morgan, president of the 
State Normal School of Nebraska, was elected 
Professor of Homiletics, continuing in that chair 
until 1879, when he was transferred to that of 
Church History. In the same year, 1874, W. W. 
Everts, Jr., was elected Assistant Professor of 
Church History, but left at the end of the year to 
enter the pastorate. Dr. Pattison's connection 
with the faculty terminated at his death, Nov. 21, 
1874. In 1875, Dr. Bailey resigned his secretary- 
ship, and in 1876, Rev. T. W. Goodspeed was 
chosen to the same office, which he still holds. In 
1877, Prof J. R. Boise, Ph.D., LL.D., of the uni- 
versity, was elected to fill the place of Dr. Arnold, 
who had been compelled by failure of health to 
resign. 

Dr. Mitchell also retired from the sei-vice of the 
seminary, his place in the chair of Hebrew being 
filled for one year by Prof. B. ^Maimon. Prof W. 
R. Harper was then chosen to the chair, which he 
now occupies. 

The faculty now stands : G. W. Northrup. D.D., 
President and Professor of Systematic Theology; 
J. R. Boise, Ph.D.. D.D., LL.D., Professor of New 
Testament Exegesis and Literature ; T. J. jMorgan, 
D.D., Professor of Church History : W. R. Harper, 
Ph.D., Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament 
Literature ; J. A. Edgren, D.D., Professor in the 



CHICAGO 



214 



CHICAGO 



Scandinavian department ; Galusha Anderson, 
D.D., Special Lecturer on Homiletics and Pastoral 
Duties; J. A. Smith, D.D., Special Lecturer on 
Modern Church History, Orii^in of Religions, and 
Philosophy. 

The removal of the seminai-y to Morgan Park in 
1877 was a measure of great importance. It secures 
by this means a valuable site and building, with 
other real estate adjoining, mostly by donation, and 
at the same time it is sufficiently near the city to 
answer all the most needful ends of a city location. 
It graduated 26 in the class of 1880, raising its whole 
number of graduates during the history of the 
seminary to 338. 

Chicago, University of. — About the year 1856 
it was ascertained that Senator Stephen A. Douglas 
had made proposals to donate the site for a univer- 
sity upon lands owned by him in Cottage Grove, a 
little south of what was then the southern limit of 
the city. Learning this fact, and having reason to 
believe that Mr. Douglas would prefer that the pro- 
posed university should be founded under denomi- 
national auspices, as also that out of regard for the 
memory of his deceased wife, who was a Baptist, 
his choice among the denominations would be that 
to which she had belonged. Rev. J. C. Burroughs, 
at that time pastor of the First Baptist church, 
decided to visit Mr. Douglas and secure the pro- 
posed site for a university to be under Baptist con- 
trol. He found the views of Mr. Douglas to be as 
had been represented. After a full consultation 
upon the subject, with especial reference to the 
character that should be given to the university, 
and the relations to it of the Baptist denomination, 
the desired arrangement was effected. Mr. Douglas 
gave to Mr. Burroughs, in trust for the purpose 
named, a deed of gift of ten acres of land in Cot- 
tage Grove, located near the lake, and fronting 
upon Cottage Grove Avenue. The terms of the 
deed provided that upon this ground a building to 
cost not less than $100,000 should be erected within 
a specified time, upon the completion of which a 
deed of the property should be given to the board 
of trustees, for the creation of which provision 
was made in the deed of gift ; that the property as 
so deeded should be forever secured to the Baptist 
denomination for the uses of a university, and not 
to be alienated for any purpose whatever ; that 
while denominational in the sense of being under 
the general care of the Baptist denomination, the 
university should be for purposes of general educa- 
tion only, while, save that the president and a 
majority of the trustees must always be Baptists, 
its board and faculty should be open to representa- 
tion on the part of all denominations, as well as to 
those of none ; and that no sectarian tests of any 
kind should ever be introduced. 

The deed of gift thus conditioned was accepted 



by Mr. Burroughs, who immediately proceeded to 
secure the necessary organization and charter. 
This was speedily effected, and the university regu- 
larly incorporated by act of the Legislature under 
the name of the University of Chicago. Mr. 
Douglas was himself the first president of the 
board. Resigning his pastorate, Mr. Burroughs 
now applied himself to the work of raising neces- 
sary funds. Calling to his aid Rev. J. B. Oleott, 
an experienced agent, he, with his aid, prosecuted 
the effort with so much energy that by Oct. 1, 1856, 
he could report that the sum of $100,000 had been 
secured in the city of Chicago alone in subscriptions 
and pledges, while in the country the enterprise 
was viewed with similar favor. When, in Septem- 
ber, 1858, the grammar school of the university 
was opened and the work of instruction begun, the 
pledges had amounted to above $200,000 in city 
and country. In the mean time, steps had been 
taken for the erection of a building suited to the 
present needs of the university. As it was found 
impracticable while providing for other needs of 
the .enterprise to expend so large a sum as $100,000 
upon the building at once, Mr. Douglas consented 
to waive this condition in his grant of the site, and 
gave to the trustees a deed to the property. The 
corner-stone of the building, which in the general 
plan of the edifice is in the south wing, was laid 
July 4, 1857, addresses on the occasion being made 
by Mr. Douglas, Hon. I. N. Arnold, Rev. Robert 
Boyd, Rev. A. J. Joslyn, Rev. W. G. Howard, D.D., 
and others. The grammar school, pending the 
completion of this building, occupied a room in St. 
Paul's Universalist church, on Wabash Avenue. 
The principal was Prof. L. R. Satterlee, of Roches- 
ter, who was also Professor of the English Lan- 
guage and Literature. Prof. A. H. Mixer, also of 
Rochester, was Professor of Modern Languages. 
For the time, however, these gentlemen gave in- 
struction in all the studies of a college preparatory 
course. 

From the beginning it was the wish of the trus- 
tees that Mr. Burroughs should be the president 
of the new university. His own preference was 
that the office should be given to some one with a 
reputation already national as an educator. He 
endeavored to secure, with this view. Dr. Francis 
Wayland and others, but failing in this eff'ort, he 
finally accepted the presidency, which the board 
meantime had not ceased to urge upon him. He 
held the office for some fifteen years, from 1858 to 
1873. They were years of vicissitude, not only in 
the affairs of the university but in those of the city 
and the whole country. In about two years after 
the opening of the university came the war of the 
Rebellion. Following upon this were financial re- 
verses, the disasters of two great fires in the city, 
with other similar causes seriously affecting all in- 



CHICAGO 



CHILD 



choate enterprises, in the West especially. The 
university was a suiferer to such an extent that 
only a small percentage of the large subscription 
noticed above, with others additional procured 
later, could be collected. Meantime, as the uni- 
versity grew expenses enlarged ; additions to the 
building, making it what it now is, became neces- 
sary ; an increased faculty was indispensable. The 
result was loans and arrearages eventuating in a 
cumbersome and threatening debt. The oversight 
of finances in these circumstances seemed in Dr. 
Burroughs's view to fall to himself as a duty, while 
the association of such growing complications with 
the usual cares and labors of a college presidency, 
made his task one of extreme difficulty. He had 
associated with him, however, able men and enthu- 
.siastic teachers: in the Greek department, first 
Prof A. II. Mixer, afterwards Prof J. R. Boise : 



was thought best to make some changes in the 
administration of the university. "With this view 
an act of the Legislature was procured empowering 
the board to create the office' of chancellor. Dr. 
Burroughs, resigning the presidency, was elected to 
this office, and Rev. Lemuel Moss, D.D., to that of 
president. This arrangement, however, continued 
only for one year, Dr. Moss then becoming presi- 
dent of the Indiana State University. After the 
interval of a year, Hon. Alonzo Abernethy, Super- 
intendent of Public Instruction in the State of 
Iowa, and who had been educated at the university, 
was chosen president. After some two years 
President Abernethy resigned, and Dr. Galusha 
Anderson was elected to the office, which he still 
holds. 

The faculty of the university at present is Dr. 
Galusha Anderson, President ; Edward Olson, Pro- 




in Latin, Prof. J. W. Stearns, subsequently Prof 
J. C. Freeman ; in Mathematics, Prof. A. J. Saw- 
yer, till succeeded by Prof A. J. Howe ; in As- 
tronomy, Prof Safibrd ; in Natural Sciences, Prof 
McChesney, and subsequently Profs. Dexter and 
Wheeler. The university under his administration 
and the instruction of this faculty, achieved a 
highly creditable literary reputation, and even 
when most oppressed with financial embarrassment 
ranked in the real value of its work with the best , 
colleges. In this connection should be mentioned ' 
the highly important service rendered to the uni- 
versity by Dr. W. W. Everts, especially in pro- 
curing, jointly with Prof Mixer, the endowment 
of the Greek chair, amounting to nearly $25,000 ; 
which, however, we are sorry to say, was in the 
subsequent difficulties of the university absorbed. 

The limits necessarily assigned to this sketch 
compel the omission of many details. In 1873 it 



V CHICAGO. 



fessor of the Greek Language and Literature ; 
D. A. Stuart, Professor of the Latin Language and 
Literature ; J. H. Sanford, Professor of Rhetoric 
and Belles-Lettres ; A. J. Howe, Professor of 
Mathematics ; E. S. Bastin, Professor of Botany ; 
Ransom Dexter, Professor of Zoology, Physiology, 
and Anatomy ; C. Gilbert Wheeler, Professor of 
Chemistry. 

Child, William Chauncy, D.D., was born in 

Johnstown, N. Y., in August, 1817, and was a 
graduate of Union College in the class of 1840, and 
of the Newton Theological Institution in the class 
of 1844. He was ordained at Charlestown, Mass., 
Oct. 30, 1844, and was pastor of the First Baptist 
church in that city six years, — 1844-50, — and sub- 
sequently pastor of the church in Framingham, 
Mass., eightyears,— 1851-59. In 1861 hewaschosen 
district secretary of the American Tract Society, 
of Boston, which position he held for eight years, — 



CHILTON 



il6 



CHINA 



1861-69. Soon after retiring from this office he was 
elected district secretary of the American Baptist 
Publication Society, and was in office until 1873. 
He occupied during the latter years of his life a 
responsible position on the editorial staflf of The 
Watchman and Reflector. He died suddenly at 
Boston, Jan. 14, 1876. 

Chilton, Hon. Thomas, was bom in Garrard 
Co., Ky., July 30, 1798 ; educated at Paris, Ky. ; 
studied and practiced law at Owingsville, Bath 
County ; elected to the Legislature of Kentucky in 
1819, and served several sessions; was a mem- 
ber of Congress from Kentucky during the 
Presidency of Gen. Jackson four terms ; removed 
to Alabama, where he practiced law with signal 
success. He was converted, and commenced preach- 
ing before he left Kentucky ; was pastor of Hop- 
kinsville church. In 1841 he was elected presi- 
dent of the Alabama Baptist State Convention, 
and shortly afterwards abandoned the practice of 
law ; became general agent of the Alabama Con- 
vention, and then succeeded Dr. W. Carey Crane as 
pastor of Montgomery church in 1842 ; was pastor 
also of Greenborough and Newbern churches. Re- 
moved to Texas, served the Houston church as 
pastor, and died Aug. 15, 1854, at Montgomery, 
Texas. 

He was a man of strong reasoning powers, fine 
delivery, and commanding influence. He was no 
ordinary thinker. His descendants hold prominent 
places in Texas society. 

Chilton, Rev. Thomas John, a pioneer preacher 
among the Separate Baptists of Kentucky, was 
born about the year 1769, most probably in Vir- 
ginia. He was taken to Kentucky in his childhood. 
At the age of about twenty years he professed con- 
version, and united with a Separate Baptist church 
in Lincoln County, and soon afterwards was set 
apart to the ministry. In 1801 he wrote the " Terms 
of General Union," upon which all the Baptists of 
Kentucky were united under the name of United 
Baptists. In 1803 he adhered to a faction drawn 
oif from the General Union by John Bailey. Of 
this faction, which assumed the name of South 
Kentucky Association of Separate Baptists, Mr. 
Chilton was the principal leader until No-Lynn 
Association was formed, when he moved from Lin- 
coln to Hardin County, in 1822, and became the 
principal preacher in that body of Separate Bap- 
tists. In 1835 he published a small volume in vin- 
dication of his Association and its peculiar tenets. 
Soon after this he moved to Christian County, and 
joined the United Baptists. He died an able and 
honored minister of Christ in 1840. 

Chilton, Hon. WiUiam P., was born in Ken- 
tucky. In 1834, when quite a young man, he emi- 
grated to Talladega, Ala., prior to the removal of 
the Creek Indians west of the Mississippi, and be- 



gan the practice of law. At that time, among a 
frontier population, in a nascent condition, strong 
will, wise intellect, and steady principles were re- 
quired for leadership. Chilton had the needed 
qualifications, — tall and commanding in person, 
graceful and courteous in manners, fluent in speech, 
unswerving in integrity, he exerted an educatory 
influence on a population heterogeneous in character 
and origin, eager in the pursuit of wealth, and un- 
embarrassed by the restraints of a stable civiliza- 
tion. A county distinguished since for intelligence, 
patriotism, and a large number of able men con- 
tributed to the bar and to politics, owes much to 
what Chilton did in that formative period. 

An active politician and an effective popular 
speaker, he was, in 1839, elected to the Legislature, 
and took rank at once as an able debater, discreet 
in counsel, and never negligent of the details of 
business. In 1859 he was elected to the senate 
from Macon County, and his rare abilities and ripe 
experience made him a most valuable legislator. 
During the brief life of the Confederate States he 
was a member of the Congress, serving on impor- 
tant committees, and enjoying the confidence and 
affection of his fellow-members. 

In 1848 he was elected to the Supreme Court, 
and served as justice, or chief justice, for ten years, 
showing untiring industry, hatred of wrong, and 
marked love for the true and the right. 

On Jan. 20, 1871, he died. Unusual honors were 
paid to his memory by the governor, the Legislature, 
the bar, and the Masonic fraternity, of which he 
was grand master and high-pviest. 
. Judge Chilton was converted and baptized at an 
early age, and as a successful lawyer, bold politi- 
cian, and an honored judge kept his garments un- 
spotted ; generous to a fault, he was also a con- 
sistent church member, a faithful deacon, a diligent 
student of the Bible, and a help to his various 
pastors. 

China, Mission to. — ^In the report of the board 
of the Triennial Convention for the year ending 
April, 1834, we find the following: " In regard to 
China, the board are deeply desirous to fix upon 
the best method of reaching and benefitting its vast 
population, and they have accordingly instructed 
Mr. Jones to make the requisite investigations and 
communicate his views without delay. It is con- 
fidently believed that the time is come when God 
will bless with success a judicious, persevering at- 
tempt to give to the crowded millions of that great 
empire the glorious gospel." Acting on these in- 
structions, Mr. Jones on reachingBangkok, in Siam, 
sought out such Chinese as he could find in that city, 
and preached to them the gospel. The next step in 
this movement to reach the Chinese was the appoint- 
ment of Rev. W. Dean, who has now become a 
veteran in the service, as the first special mission- 



CHINA 



CHINESE MISSIONS 



ary in Bangkok to do what he could for the evan- 
gelization of the multitudes of the Chinese who 
had taken up their abode in that city. Macao, 
■which Rev. J. L. Shuck occupied in 1836, was the 
second point selected for the missionary purposes 
which were contemplated. Following the chrono- 
logical order of the establishment of the missions 
among the Chinese we speak : 

1. Of the mission among the Chinese residing 
either temporarily or permanently in Siam, par- 
ticularly in Bangkok. For eight years Messrs. 
Dean and Shuck remained at their respective sta- 
tions. Mr. Dean labored in Bangkok, with special 
reference to the spiritual wants of the Chinese. 
He preached to them, and prepared religious read- 
ing for them, performing that sort of preparatory 
work which must be done at the commencement of 
a new mission. Mr. Goddard joined Mr. Dean at 
the close of 1840. In 1842, by the treaty between 
China and England, Hong-Kong was ceded to Eng- 
land, and Mr. Dean repaired to this island, and, in 
connection with Mr. Shuck, established a station 
in the principal city of Hong-Kong, Victoria by 
name. Up to this time, the whole number of Chi- 
nese baptized in Bangkok had been 18. The de- 
parture of Mr. Dean did not suspend all eiforts for 
the spiritual good of those for whom he had labored 
for so many years. In 1846, more than 40,000 
pages of religious reading were printed for their 
use. In 1850, Dr. Jones was chosen pastor of the 
Chinese church, which numbered 35. Not much 
visible progress was made for several years. In 

1860, we find that 20 Chinese were baptized. In 

1861, the Siamese and China departments, which for 
some time had been united, were separated, and in 
1865 Dr. Dean returned to his former field of labor, 
and a new impulse was given to the work. During 
the year 1867, 40 persons were baptized in Bang- 
kok and the outlying stations. Under the adminis- 
tration of Dr. Dean, the history of the Bangkok 
Chinese mission has been one of continued success. 
The last report gives us 6 churches with 425 mem- 
bers. 

2. The mission in Eastern China. Dr. D. J. 
Macgowan, in the autumn of 1843, went to Ningpo, 
one of the five ports opened to the English, and 
established a mission hospital, which was in opera- 
tion for three months, and reopened the next spring. 
Rev. E. C. Lord arrived in Ningpo, June 20, 1847, 
to engage in special missionary work among the 
Chinese. Dr. Macgowan acted as his interpreter 
while preaching until he was able to use the lan- 
guage himself Mr. Goddard joined Mr. Lord in 
1848. For several years affairs at Ningpo went on 
with a good degree of prosperity. A convenient 
chapel was opened for religio-is wc ship Sept. 26, 
1852. The work of preaching, tianslation, printing, 
and teaching was carried on 1 >pefully, and much 

15 



good seed was sown. Rev. M. J. Knowlton reached 
Ningpo early in June, 1854. How well and how 
faithfully he did his work may be seen in the sketch 
of his life. The memory of Mr. Goddard in connec- 
tion with this mission is most precious. His service 
of fifteen years is recorded on high. The mantle of 
the father fell on his son. Rev. Josiah R. Goddard, 
who joined the mission in June, 1868. The most 
recent intelligence we have from this station is that 
there are in Ningpo and its out-stations, 7 churches 
with 263 members, and that the work in every de- 
partment has been pushed with vigor and success. 

3. The Southern Chinese Mission. The head- 
quarters of this mission is Swatow, about 150 miles 
east of Hong-Kong. The mission was established in 
1860, and was designed to reach in its operations 
the Chinese who spoke the Tie-Chin dialect. These 
people inhabit the most densely-populated region 
in China. It embraces nine walled cities, and 
towns and villages in such close contiguity that 
one or more is ever in sight. It is said that there 
are more people in this district than the entire pop- 
ulation of Burmah, including the Karens and other 
subjugated tribes. The field of labor in many re- 
spects was most discouraging, owing to the exceed- 
ingly debased character of the people, "but," says 
the report which speaks of the opening of the mis- 
sion, "out of the materials here now so unpromis- 
ing, to human view so hopeless, can grace raise up 
and fit polished stones for the spiritual temple." 
The mission at Hong-Kong was given up and the 
missionaries transferred to Swatow. Rev. Mr. 
Sawtelle joined the mission in 1861. Ilis health 
failing he was forced to retire from the field in a 
few months, and Mr. Johnson was left in charge 
of the station for some time, until Rev. W. Ash- 
more joined him in the autumn of 1863. During 
the year from Oct. 1, 1864, to Oct. 1, 1865, 24 were 
received into the church by baptism. Year after 
year new out-stations were established in the neigh- 
borhood of Swatow, which, from time to time, have 
been reinforced by the addition of workers, both 
male and female, to the laborers in a field from 
which so much good fruit has been gathered. In the 
last report from the Southern Chinese mission we 
find that with Swatow as the principal station there 
are 17 out-stations, 109 were baptized during the 
year, and the number of church members is 687. 
(See article on Southern Baptist Conventiox.) 

Chinese Missions in America.— The discovery 
of gold in California in 1849, attracted large num- 
bers of men from China. In 1856 there were many 
thousands. They continued in the worship of 
idols, their temples standing near to Christian 
sanctuaries. Baptists became interested in their 
salvation. In 1856, the first Chinese church edifice 
in America was built for the Chinese Baptist church 
in Sacramento, Cal., under the pastoral care of Rev. 



CHIPMAN 



218 



CHOWAN FEMALE INSTITUTE 



J. Lewis Shuck. It was a handsome and com- 
modious building, and was one of the attractions 
of that city for many years, and was given a place 
in an early volume of illustrations of Sacramento. 
The church flourished while Mr. Shuck remained 
in California. A mission was opened in San Fran- 
cisco about the year 1869 under the supervision of 
Rev. John Francis, who was associated with Rev. 
Z. L. Simmons, Rev. Mr. Graves, and finally suc- 
ceeded by Rev. Dr. J. B. Hartwell. Several con- 
verts were baptized and became members of the 
First church, San Francisco. Other churches held 
mission schools, and were rewarded by the conver- 
sion and baptism of numbers. About 50 have be- 
come consistent Christians. The first Chinese con- 
vert baptized by Dr. Francis in 1865 was Dong 
Gong. lie became the successful Baptist minister 
at the head of a Chinese mission in Portland, Ore- 
gon, which Avas begun about the year 1874. The 
first Chinaman to receive Christian burial in Amer- 
ica was Fang Saung Nam. He died as a missionary 
of the American Baptist Home Mission Society 
in San Francisco. A marble slab in the Masonic 
Cemetery records the fact, " Here rests the first 
Christian Chinaman buried in America." 

Chipman, Prof. Isaac, was born in Cnrnwallis, 
Nova Scotia, and was a graduate of Waterville 
College, now Colby University, in the class of 1839. 
He was an enthusiastic student, and maintained a 
high rank as a scholar. In January, 1840, he was 
appointed Professor of Mathematics and Natural 
Philosophy in Acadia College. In his "Centenary 
of the Baptists of Nova Scotia," 1860, Dr. Cramp 
says, "Among the men of our time Prof. Chipman 
holds the first place." On the 7th of June, 1852, 
in company with some friends, he was returning in 
a boat from Cape Blomidon, when a gale overtook 
them, the boat was swamped, and all on board were 
drowned, except one boatman. His untimely death 
produced a great shock in the community. Dr. 
Cramp alludes to it as " the greatest calamity that 
ever befell Nova Scotia Baptists." 

Chipman, Rev. Thomas Handley, one of the 
founders and fathers of the Baptist denomination 
in Nova Scotia, was born Jan. 17, 1756. His first 
religious impressions were received under the min- 
istry of the celebrated Henry Alline ; was baptized 
at Horton, 1779, by Rev. Nicholas Pierson, and soon 
commenced preaching; was ordained in 1782. The 
churches to which he ministered were mixed^ — 
composed of Baptists and Pedobaptists. Mr. Chip- 
man, however, subsequently became clear and fixed 
in his views of the church of Christ and its ordi- 
nances, and his ministry proved a great blessing in 
Annapolis, Yarmouth, and Queen's Counties. He 
took part in forming the Baptist Association, June 
23, 1800. In 1809, Mr. Chipman removed from 
Bridgetown to Nictaux, and became pastor of the 



Baptist church formed there, June 10, 1810, and 
continued his labors with much usefulness till his 
death, Oct. 11, 1830. Many of the early churches 
in Nova Scotia were open in their communion, but 
they gave up the practice as inexpedient and un- 
scriptural. 

Chipman, Rev. William, was born in Corn- 
wallis, Nova Scotia, Nov. 29, 1781. He was con- 
verted and baptized when a youth, and ordained as 
pastor of the Second Cornwallis Baptist church in 
1829. He died July 14, 1865. Mr. Chipman was 
clerk of the Baptist Association from 1838 to 1850. 
He was also secretary of the Educational Society. 
He was remarkable for his sound theological views, 
and for his piety and fidelity in the performance of 
his duty. 

Chipman, Hon. William Allen, treasurer of 

the Nova Scotia Baptist Home Missionary Board, 
was born Nov. 8, 1756 ; was a merchant, large land- 
owner, and justice of the peace in Cornwallis, Nova 
Scotia ; was a member of the House of Assembly 
for over twenty years, from 1799. Died 1845. 

Chisholm, Henry, one of the most enterprising 
and successful business men of Cleveland, 0., is 
of Scotch origin, having been born in Lochgelly, 
Fifeshire, April 27, 1822. When he was ten years 
old his father died. At the age of twelve he was 
apprenticed to a carpenter, and served five years in 
learning the trade, after which he went as a jour- 
neyman to Glasgow. 

In 1842, Mr. Chisholm came to America, settling 
in Montreal, Canada. He soon began to under- 
take work on his own account, and in 1850, in 
partnership with a friend, took a contract for 
building at Cleveland, 0., a breakwater for the 
Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad, a task which 
was successfully accomplished in three years. This 
was succeeded by other contracts, which employed 
his time and enei'gies until he turned his at- 
tention to the iron bisiness. For several years 
he has been president of the Cleveland Rolling 
Mill, which has large and important branches in 
Indiana and Illinois, a company which it is said 
supports more people than there were in the entire 
city of Cleveland, when, as an unknown stranger, 
he came to it years ago. 

Mr. Chisholm is a valued member of the Euclid 
Avenue Baptist church of Cleveland, and is in full 
sympathy with the educational and religious enter- 
prises of the day. As a Christian business man 
he stands in the very front rank. 

Chowan Female Institute.— The oldest school 

for girls in North Carolina, next to the Moravian 
school at Salem, is the Chowan Institute, at Mur- 
freesborough. It was founded in 1848, by the 
Chowan Baptist Association. The next year a 
contiguous Association in Virginia, the Portsmouth, 
united with the Chowan, and up to the late war 



CHOWAN FEMALE INSTITUTE 2 

a joint board of trustees from the two bodies man- 
aged the aflfairs of the seminary. The war, which 
suspended collections and destroyed property of all 
kinds, did not pay debts or even suspend inteiest, 



CHOWAN FEMALE INSTITUTE 



and for ten years the company successfully con- 
ducted the school, and added several thousand dol- 
lars" worth of improvements to the establishment. 
Two yeais ago the stockholders donated the prop- 




and thus it Inppened that at its do^e the inbtitute 
■was hopelessly involved In this emergency a 
joint-stock company was formed, the institute was 
"bought for $3000, its debts, to the amount of 
$24,000, were assumed, and honorably liquidated, 



eity to the denoiiun ition it Hi„e and it is now one 
of the few female schools of the country belonging 
exclusively to the Baptists. This act of generosity 
was so remarkable that the names of the parties 
involved are regarded as worthy to be preserved, 



CHOWLES 



CHOWN 



and are as follows: W. W. Mitchell, $4000; Mark 
Gregory, $1000; John Mitchell, $1000; J. W. 
Mitchell, $500 ; Mary Mitchell, $500 ; Miss N. S. 
Askew, $500 ; A. McDowell, $500 ; L. D. Spiers, 
$250; and J. N. Barnes, $250; which sum of 
$8500, bearing interest for ten years at eight per 
cent., makes a donation to the cause of education 
of over $15,000. 

A. McDowell, D.D., then just out of college, was 
its first president. In 1849, Rev. M. R. Ferry, of 
New York, took charge, and presided over the in- 
stitute till 1854, when he was succeeded by Dr. 
Wm. Hooper. In 1855, Dr. McDowell again be- 
came connected with the school as co-principal 
with Dr. Hooper, and since Dr. Hooper's' with- 
drawal, in 1862, has been the sole principal of the 
institute. Thousands of young ladies have at- 
tended this excellent school, and it is earnestly 
to be hoped that as it has been the cherished 
school of the Baptists in Eastern North Carolina 
for so many years, they will heartily sustain the 
movement, recently projected, for its adequate en- 
dowment. 

Chowles, John Overton, D.D., was born in 

Bristol, England, Feb. 5, 1801, of parents who were 
Wcsleyans. He was deprived of their tender care 
when he was but twelve years of age, and camo 
under the guardianship of his uncle, Henry Over- 
ton Wells, Esq., a wealthy merchant of Bristol. 
When a little more than eighteen years of age he 
became a subject of renewing grace, and was bap- 
tized by Rev. Dr. Ryland, and received into the 
Broadmead Baptist church. In order to carry on 
his education he was placed with Rev. William 
Anderson, under whose instructions he made rapid 
progress. In 1822, he entered Bristol College, 
under the charge of Dr. Ryland, to pursue his the- 
ological studies. He came to New York in 1824, 
and for a year or two, was occupied in teaching an 
academy at Red Hook, N. Y., until called to the 
jDastorate of the Second Baptist church in New- 
port, R. I. He was ordained Sept. 27, 1827. Im- 
mediate success followed his labors. Fifty persons 
were baptized during the year which succeeded his 
ordination. For six years he was the popular pastor 
of the Newport church. Diu-ing this time he pre- 
pared for the press two or three books, among 
them his "History of Missions," in two quarto 
volumes, a work commenced by Rev. Thomas 
Smith, of England, who died in 1830. 

Mr. Chowles resigned his pastorate in Newport 
to accept a call to the First Baptist church in New 
Bedford, where he remained for three years, and 
then went to Buffalo, N. Y. His connection with 
this church continued four years, when he was in- 
vited to take charge of the Sixth Street Baptist 
church in New York. It was not an inviting field 
of labor, and the hope of success not very flatter- 



ing. Amid many discouragements he toiled on for 
a year or two, but no human power could save the 
enterprise, and it was ultimately abandoned. In 
1843, he was called to the chui-ch of Jamaica Plain, 
near Boston, where he found a most congenial and 
happy home. While acting as pastor of this church 
he found time to prepare for the press his edition 
of "Neal's History of the Puritans," which took 
a high place in the literature wliich treated of the 
character and the woi"k of those heroic men, Avho in 
an age of great dissoluteness and irreligion, wrought 
such a moral and religious change in England. 

The connection of Dr. Chowles with the Jamaica 
church closed, in 1847, in consequence of an urgent 
call to return to his former charge in Newport. 
During his second residence in that city his busy 
pen prepared for the press several volumes, and 
was constantly employed in writing for the period- 
icals of the day. He was also a popular lecturer, 
and addressed large audiences in different sections 
of the country on themes both interesting and in- 
structive. He lived a life of constant activity. 
Indeed, with his buoyancy of spirit and his strong 
vital energies, and social tendencies, he could not 
Avell have lived any other life. The last sermon he 
preached was from Eph. v. 14 : "Awake thou that 
sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall 
give thee light." He left his home in Newport for 
New York, intending to be absent but a few days. 
He was seized with a sudden illness after arriving 
in New York. When the assurance came to him 
that without doubt the time for his departure was 
near, he said to his weeping friends, "I had not 
looked for this ; if it had been the Lord's will I 
would have liked another month to have looked 
over tlie road more clearly ; but it does not matter 
after all: 'twould have been the same thing, only 
simple faith in Christ. I have been hurried away 
through life by a tide of the most impulsive, im- 
petuous nature, perhaps, that ever man had to con- 
tend wnth." Soon after he said, "I have loved 
Christ ; I have preached Christ and him alone ; I 
have loved to preach Christ and him crucified." 
These were among his last words. They indicate 
that he well knew himself, what in him there was 
that was frail and imperfect, and that he knew also 
what an almighty compassionate Redeemer he had. 
To that Redeemer, he committed himself with the 
simple trust of a little child, and we doubt not his 
faith was honored and he entei-ed into rest. Dr. 
Chowles died Jan. 5, 1856. 

Chown, Rev. J. P., the widely-known pastor of 
Bloomsbury cliapel, London, England, began his 
ministry in the neighborhood of Northampton,. 
England, alwut 1844. In 1846, he resigned the pas- 
torate of the village church, to which he had been 
ordained, and entered Horton College. Two years 
after, the retirement of the Rev. T. Pottenger left 



CHRISTIAN 



CHRISTIAN 



Sion chapel, Bradford, without a pastor, the gifts and 
high promise of Mr. Chown led to his being engaged 
to occupy the pulpit, while still a student, and even- 
tually to his becoming pastor, in June, 1848. His 




REV. J. p. CHOWN. 

ministry was conspicuously successful from the first, 
and the membership was largely increased. In 1863, 
the church erected a new building, known as Hall- 
field chapel, and dismissed 120 members to form a 
new church there. Mr. Chown remained in his old 
field, and in 1873 a new edifice, called Sion Jubilee 
chapel, was erected for the accommodation of the 
church and its institutions, as a thank-ofi"ering for 
the labors and successes of fifty years. Mr. Chown's 
public work on behalf of benevolent and educational 
institutions in Bradford received emphatic acknowl- 
edgment repeatedly, one of the most interesting 
and valuable tokens of public appreciation being 
the gift .of his residence, which was presented to 
him on his return from a visit to this country. He 
has been a leader of the temperance movement for 
many years. In 1875, he obeyed what seemed to 
him an imperative providential call, and accepted 
the pastorate at Bloomsbury chapel, London, 
where his ministry is eminently successful. Mr. 
Ciiown is endowed with a fine presence and a mag- 
nificent voice, and his platform speeches, as well 
as pulpit services, attract large audiences. For 
his earnestness and noble simplicity of character, 
as well as for his great abilities, he is held in the 
highest esteem by the churches. 

Christian, Judge Joseph, LL.D., eldest son of 
Dr. R. A. Christian, was born at Hewick, Middle- 
sex Co., Va., July 10, 1828. While still a boy he 



gave promise of distinction. He pursued his aca- 
demic studies for a while in Richmond, but chiefly 
at the Columbian College, where he graduated with 
honor in 1847. In 1853, he received the degree of 
A.M. Having studied law in his father's neigh- 
borhood, with the late John D. McGill, Esq., and 
afterwards in Staunton, Va., he established him- 
self in practice, immediately after his admission to 
the bar, in his native county of Jliddlesex, and soon 
became one of the leading lawyers and advocates 
in that part of the State. He was also, both before 
and after the breaking out of the war, sent to the 
senate of Virginia, from the counties of Matthews 
and Middlesex, and in this body he gained the repu- 
tation' of one of its very best debaters. Soon after 
the close of the war he was made judge of the sixth 
judicial district of Virginia, which responsible office 
he filled for years with such distinguished ability that 
he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of 
Appeals, a position which he has held for some nine 
years, with like honor to himself and to the judicial 
department of the State government. In the last 
election for a U. S. senator for Virginia, he was, 
at no solicitation of his own, one of the prominent 
candidates for that position ; and we understand 
that his name was also conspicuous on the list of 
those Southern jurists who Avere strongly recom- 
mended to the President for the lately vacant seat 
on the bench of the Supreme Court of the United 
States. No man, perhaps, of his years, in Virginia, 




;HRISTIAX, LL.D. 



has a higher judicial reputation. . The deliberative 
assembly, however, on account of his rare gifts as 
an orator, would, perhaps, exhibit his talents in a 



CHRISTIAN 



CHURCH 



more striking light. As a gentleman, he is dis- 
tinguished for his urbanity and fine social qualities. 
Judge Christian was baptized by his father soon 
after he entered upon the practice of the law, and 
united with one of his churches. He is now con- 
nected with the Second Baptist church of Rich- 
mond, of which the Rev. Dr. McDonald is pastor. 
The Columbian College conferred upon him, in 1872, 
the degree of LL.D. 

Christian, Rev. J. T,, a prominent young min- 
ister of Columbus Association, Miss., was born in 
Kentucky in 1854; began to preach in 1874; grad- 
uated at Bethel College, Ky., in 1876 ; became 
pastor at Tupelo, Miss., in 1877, and supplied 
Verona at the same time ; after two years he re- 
moved to West Point and engaged in his present 
•work. At the last commencement at Bethel College 
he received the degree of A.M. 

Christian Review and Home Monthly, a re- 
ligious periodical published at Texarkana, Ark., by 
J. F. Shaw & Sons, and edited by Rev. J. F. Shaw 
and Mrs. Viola Jackson. It takes the place of the 
Baptist Index, published at the same place, which 
is discontinued. Mr. Shaw is fiist gaining reputa- 
tion as a vigorous writer, and Mrs. Jackson is well 
known in the South, having been connected with 
Mayfield's Happy Home and Ford's Christian Re- 
pository. The first number was issued August, 
1880, and is well filled with excellent original and 
selected matter. It meets a want in the Baptist 
literature of the Southwest. 

Christian, Rev. Richard Allen, M.D., vvas 
born in Charles City Co., Va., July 27, 1798. At 
the age of about twenty-one years he graduated as 
Doctor of Medicine at the University of Pennsyl- 
vania, and immediately began the practice of his 
profession at Urbana, Middlesex Co., Va. In 1838, 
he made a piublic profession of faith in Christ, 
became a member of the Baptist church at Clark's 
Neck, and soon afterwards was ordained to the 
ministry. Still continuing in the practice of med- 
icine, he did not for some years assume any pastoral 
charge, although he preached regularly on the Sab- 
bath in the neighboring churches. At a later 
period he became pastor of Clark's Neck and Ham- 
ilton churches (and for a time, also, Zoar and Glebe 
Landing churches), and he held this relation until 
his failing health compelled him, two or three years 
before his death, to relinquish it. After repeated 
strokes of paralysis, he died May 8, 1862. Dr. 
Christian was deservedly one of the most influen- 
tial and popular men, not only of the county, but 
also of tlie region in which he lived. His mind 
was strong and active, his person large and impos- 
ing, and his manners polished and winning. As a 
neighbor, he was kind and charitable in the highest 
degree, and ever sought the things that make for 
peace. As a citizen, he was characterized by the 



strictest integrity, and by a decided talent for the 
management of public business. As a physician, 
he was eminently skillful, attentive, and tender- 
hearted, and by tliese qualities he secured and re- 
tained the largest practice in his county, which, 
however, after the period of middle life, he grad- 
ually relinquished for the purpose of devoting liis 
energies to the Christian ministry. Although Dr. 
Christian was some forty years of age before he 
entered the ministry, and although for several 
years after his ordination he was laboriously en- 
gaged in the practice of medicine, yet he became 
an able and instructive preacher. His sermons 
were well arranged, abounded in apt illustrations, 
were filled with the very spirit of the gospel, and 
were uniformly earnest, and sometimes powerfiil. 
His ministi'y, although comparatively brief, resulted 
in the edification of the churches which he served, 
and in numerous conversions. His talents were 
held in high estimation, and for a long time to 
come no name in the district of Virginia to which 
his labors were confined, will be pronounced with 
greater reverence than that of Dr. Richard A. 
Christian. 

Christian, William Steptoe, M.D., second son 
of Dr. R. A. Christian, was born at Ilewick, Mid- 
dlesex Co., Va., Dec. 26, 1830. He prepared for 
college at the schools in the neigliborhood, and en- 
tered the Columbian College, where lie graduated 
with the degree of A.B. in 1848. Having studied 
medicine with his father, and afterwards at the 
Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, he grad- 
uated there in 1851, and immediately entei-ed upon 
tlie labors of his profession in his native county, 
wliere he still resides, occupied with the duties of 
a very extensive practice. ' At the beginning of the 
war he entered the Confederate service as a captain 
of infantry, was soon made colonel, was captured 
in the retreat from Gettysburg, was for many 
months prisoner (during most of the time at John- 
son's Island), and was several times severely 
wounded in battle. He was a gallant and exceed- 
ingly popular officer. Dr. Christian is held in the 
highest respect by all who know him for the various 
qualities that most adorn the man, the neighbor, 
and the citizen. He is a physician of rare intelli- 
gence and skill. For several years past he has been 
a leading member of the temperance organization 
known as the Good Templars, and has repeatedly 
been elected grand worthy chief, the highest officer 
of the order in the State. As a speaker he is im- 
pressive and eloquent. At the age of about sixteen 
years he was baptized by his father, and united 
with the Clark's Neck Baptist church, of which he 
is still a most active and useful member, having 
served for many yeai-s most efficiently as teacher 
or superintendent of the Sabbath-school. 

Church, A True Gospel. — The fabric in which 



CHURCH 



CHURCH 



the -worship of God is celebrated is not a church ; 
the clergy are not the church. The Baptist Con- 
fession of 1611, in Articles X. and XIII., says, — 

" The church of Christ is a company of faithful 
people, separated from the world by the word and 
Spirit of God, being knit unto the Lord, and one 
to another by baptism, upon their own confession 
of the faith and sins." " Every church is to receive 
in all their members by baptism, upon the confes- 
sion of their faith and sins, wrought by the preach- 
ing of the gospel, according to the primitive insti- 
tution and practice." The Confession of 1646 
says, " The church is a company of visible saints, 
called and separated from the world by the 
word and Spirit of God to the visible profession 
of the faith of the gospel, being baptized into 
that faith and joined to the Lord, and each to 
other by mutual agi-eement in the practical enjoy- 
ment of the ordinances commanded by Christ, their 
head and king."— Article XXXIII. The Philadel- 
phia Confession of Faith says, " The members of 
these churches are saints by calling, visibly mani- 
festing and evidencing, in and by their profession 
and walking, their obedience unto that call of 
Christ, and do willingly consent to walk together 
according to the appointment of Christ, giving up 
themselves to the Lord and one to another, by the 
will of God, in professed suljjection to the ordi- 
nances of the gospel." — Article XXYII. 

Church, Rev. Leroy, was bom in Western New 
York, Jan. 8, 1813. He was baptized in Lake On- 
tario in 1832. His studies preparatory to the min- 
istry were pursued at Hamilton, where he entered 
in the fall of 1834, graduating in 1839 from the 
college, and from the seminary in 1841. His first 
pastorate was at Schenectady, N. Y., where he 
entered upon service in September of 1841, being 
ordained in November of the same year. On the 
first Sabbath of the December following he baptized 
his first convert, a young man led to Christ by a 
few words addressed to him in the shop where he 
was at work. During the three years of this pas- 
torate at iSchenectady about 100 were added to the 
church by baptism. Mr. Church became pastor of 
the church at Hudson, N. Y.,,in the fall of 1845, 
holding this important position until the fall of 
1853, when he removed to Chicago, having pur- 
chased the Christian Times, now the Standard, 
with which paper he remained connected as senior 
proprietor and associate editor until 1875, when he 
disposed of his interest to Dr. J. S. Dickerson. This 
period of twenty-two years in Baptist journalism 
brought him into active and influential relations 
with a variety of Western interests, and his service 
in that connection was active, judicious, and effec- 
tive. He wrote largely and well for the columns 
of the paper, while in connection with its financial 
administration, and in representing it in various 



parts of its wide field, his good judgment and tact 
and knowledge of men were elements of high effi- 
ciency. 

The Church family, to whom belong also Dr. 
Pharcellus Church and Rev. Volney Church, came 
from England in 1630 and settled at Plymouth, 
Mass. A deed is preserved in the museum at Plym- 
outh conveying a tract of land to Benjamin Church 
in the pi-ecincfc now known as Marshfield, where 
Daniel Webster had his home. A branch of the 
family subsequently settled in Rhode Island. Cajit. 
Church, belonging to this branch, has a marked 
record in the early Indian wars as the antagonist 
of King Philip. The father of Rev. Leroy 
Church was a soldier of the Revolution. 

Church Meetings are composed exclusively of 
members, and are convened to receive additions by 
letter, to grant letters of dismission, to try fallen 
brethren, to order letters to Associations and otiier 
bodies, to elect pastors, and to perform other church 
work. 

The pastor presides almost universally, and this 
position is generally accorded to him in virtue of 
his office, but in a few instances it is given to him 
l;y election at each meeting. There is a clerk at 
every church meeting, who keeps a correct record 
of all its proceedings. The church meeting is gov- 
erned by parliamentary law. 

In the great majority of our churches each mem- 
ber has a vote, irrespective of age, sex, or the 
length or brevity of membership. The writer 
has, however, known one or two cases where there 
was an age qualification to prevent the very young 
from controlling the church. In the church meet- 
ing the pastor has the right of voting, and he has 
an influence according to the measure of his wis- 
dom and piety. Beyond these he has no other 
privileges, and he ought to have none. 

In large cities church meetings are generally held 
once a month, or once in three montlis, and they 
are summoned for a week-night. Special meetings 
are called by the pastor, or by a paper signed by 
a few brethren, five or seven, and read from the 
desk. 

Church of God. — This community, sometimes 
called Winebrennarians, claims precedence of all 
religious bodies in its origin. Jesus Christ is 
claimed as founder. The name, it is declared, is 
the only one justified by divine authority. Gnl. i. 
13 ; 1 Tim. iii. 15. This denomination started into 
life in connection with extensive revivals of religion 
enjoyed in and around Harrisburg soon after the 
settlement of the Rev. John Winebrenner in that 
city, in 1820. These revivals were renewed and 
far more widely extended in 1825 ; out of the con- 
verts churches were organized, and converts were 
called into the ministry-. In October, 1830, the 
representatives of these churches met in Harris- 



CHURCH 



CHURCH 



burg, and formally set up the denomination called 
the ''Church of God," the original representative 
of which was established by the Saviour. 

The doctrines of the Church of God differ from 
Regular Baptists onl}"- in the following points : 
free Avill is accepted, election is denounced, feet- 
washing is practiced, the Lord's Supper is observed 
always in the evening. It is likely that the "final 
perseverance of the saints" is rejected by this com- 
munity, though in their doctrinal articles this is 
not stated. In other respects the creed of the 
Church of God is a Baptist Confession of Faith. 

The government of this community is not Bap- 
tistical : the preacher in charge of a church and a 
competent number of elders and deacons constitute 
the church council, which admits and excludes 
members. The Annual Eldership is very much 
like a Methodist Annual Conference, with laymen 
among its members. Every three years a General 
Eldership convened for the first twenty years, after 
which it was to assemble every five years. This 
body is composed of delegates from the Annual 
Elderships, and it has powers very like those of a 
General Conference of the M. E. Church. 

Every minister in the Church of God in good 
standing must have a license, and this license must 
be renewed annually by his Eldership. No minis- 
ter is allowed to remain longer than three years in 
one station, and generally not more than one or 
two. The doctrinal articles, with the exceptions 
named, agree with the opinions of Baptists : the 
church polity resembles the Methodist. 

The writer was unable to obtain exact statistics 
of the Church of God, but he procured something 
near the figures. They have about 500 ministers, 
1200 churches, and 20,000 members. 

The members of the Church of God live chiefly 
in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, 
and Iowa. 

Church, Pharcellus, D.D., was born Sept. 11, 
1801, near Geneva, N. Y. He spent the most of 
his first ten years of life at what is now called 
Hopewell Centre, five miles from Canandaigua. At 
eleven years of age his home was changed to the 
shores of Lake Ontario, at that time without reli- 
gious privileges. His Sabbaths were spent in the 
rough sort of life peculiar to the wilderness of a 
new country. In the midst of his rude sports a 
respect for religion, instilled in his mind early in 
life by a tender, loving mother, asserted itself, and 
led him to follow her counsel and study the Divine 
Word. While thus engaged as a matter of filial 
duty, and obeying the outward forms of religion, 
he was deeply affected by portions of the Gospel of 
John. These impressions led to his conversion at 
thirteen and a half years of age. He attended no 
church and heard no domestic or sanctuary worship, 
and yet enjoyed communion with God, which was 



greatly increased by an open confession to his pious 
mother. Soon after this event, a Baptist church 
was formed in the vicinity, and in June, 1816, he 
was immersed upon profession of his faith. He 
became immediately more or less active in social 
meetings, and at the age of seventeen he felt called 
to the Christian ministry. 

Through the influence of friends he devoted him- 
self to study, and finally took a classical and theo- 
logical course at Hamilton, N. Y. He was first 
settled as pastor at Poultney, Vt., where he was 
ordained in June, 1825, and where he remained 
until 1828. In the latter year he was married to 
Miss Conant, daughter of Deacon John Conant, of 
Bi-andon, and in the fall of that year became pastor 
of what is now the Central Baptist church of Provi- 




PHARCELLUS CHURCH, D.D. 

dence, R. I. He spent the winter of 1834-35 in 
New Orleans, and while there wrote " Philosophy 
of Benevolence," published in New York in 1836. 
Upon his return to the North he located with the 
church at Rochester. From thence he removed, 
in 1848, to accept the pastorate of Bowdoin Square 
Baptist church, Boston. This position he left on 
account of sickness. In 1855 he became editor of 
the New York Chronicle, in which service he re- 
mained ten years. Since 1865 he has spent the 
time partly in Europe, making the original Scrip- 
tures a principal study, preaching occasionally, 
and writing for the press. His home has been at 
Tarrytown for the last eight years. 

An offer of a premium for a work on religious 
discussions being made in the summer of 1836, he 
wrote a book on that subject of 400 or 500 12mo 



CHURCHES 



.'25 



CLARK 



pages, which was published in 1837. The revival 
interest among his people in Rochester turned his 
attention to the subject of spiritual power, and he 
published in 1842 a work entitled "Antioch, or 
the Increase of Moral Power in the Church," which 
contained an able introduction by Dr. Stow, of 
Boston. Another publication of a like character, 
in 1843, entitled " Pentecost," bein^; the substance 
of a sermon preached at Albany before the Foreign 
Mission Board in the spring of that year, was 
printed by request. In Boston, he compiled "Me- 
moirs of Mrs. Theodosia Dean," which was pub- 
lished in that city about 1851, and is now included 
in the American Baptist Publication Society's lists. 
While in Canada he wrote " Mapleton, or more 
Work for the Maine Law," a temperance tale ; and 
while in Bonn, on the Rhine, he wrote " Sad 
Truths," a work embodying a good deal of thought 
on Bible subjects, which was published in Edin- 
burgh and in New York. Dr. Church has written 
largely for reviews and other periodicals, and is 
still engaged in the same service. 

Dr. Church is a grand old man, with a noble in- 
tellect, a gi'eat heart, splendid culture, an unsullied 
record, and a saintly piety, one of those men whom 
we would keep forever in the church on earth, and 
whom we would endow with undying vigor, if his 
state and place were in our charge. 

Churches, English Baptist.— According to Or- 
chard there were in England in 1771, 251 Baptist 
churches ; in 1794, 379 ; in 1811, 537 ; and in 1820 
there were 620. Bogue and Bennet give a list of 
708 Baptist churches in England and Wales in 
1808. In 1880, there were 2620 churches, 3354 
meeting-houses, 269,836 members, and 372,242 
Sunday-school scholars belonging to our denomi- 
nation in the British Islands. How many persons 
there were in 1880, with Baptist principles, not a 
few of whom were actually immersed, in the mem- 
bership of Pedobaptist churches in Great Britain, 
we have no means of finding out. Their number, 
however, may be regarded as very large. By the 
unscriptural teachings of "open communion" they 
have been foolishly led to suppose that baptism 
was of too little importance to disturb their eccle- 
siastical relations. The principal effect of open 
communion is not to bring Pedobaptists to the 
Lord's table in Baptist churches, but to keep men 
holding Baptist principles in Pedobaptist commu- 
nities. 

Churches, One Minister Pastor of many.— 
In reading the sketches of ministers in this volume it 
will appear as if some of them were given to many 
changes in their pastoral relations. There are two 
considerations to be kept in view in reflecting upon 
such cases. The first is, that in large sections of 
our country, especially in the South, one minister 
is frequently pastor of four or more churches at the 



same time. If he changes his field of labor four times 
in his life, he has been pastor of sixteen churches, 
while in one of our cities the same man would 
only have ministered to four. The second is, that 
a small number of our ministers are of an impulsive, 
and of a revival order, as many commonly use the 
word revival ; and after a brief settlement, and con- 
siderable success, they are anxious for the special 
harvests which they commonly reap in new fields ; 
and their removals are frequent for this reason. 
Generally our ministers have comparatively long 
settlements ; and this practice is growing rapidly 
among us. 

Citations. — When a member of a Baptist church 
has sinned grievously against his Master, and when 
the remonstrances of his brethren fail to bring him 
to repentance, our last resort is excommunication. 
Previous to this sorrowful act a notification, or 
citation, as it is called, is sent to the ofi"ender in- 
viting him to attend the church meeting to be held 
at a time and place mentioned, to show cause why 
he should not be excluded from the rights and 
privileges of the church of which he is a member. 
If he accepts the invitation he has every opportu- 
nity to defend himself, or to confess his sin and 
sorrow, and thereby avert the impending expulsion. 

To send a citation is the uniform law of all Bap- 
tist churches when the residence of the accused 
can be found, except in a small number of cases, 
such as sexual crimes or murders, when no amount 
of repentance would justify retention in church 
membership, and the testimony against the accused 
is overwhelming. 

Clark, Rev. Albion B., was born in New Sharon, 
Me., March 24, 1826. He prepared for college at 
the Farmington and Waterville Academies, and 
graduated at Waterville College in 1854. For three 
years he was the principal of the academy at Shel- 
bourne Falls, Mass., and in 1854 he entered the 
Newton Theological Institution, where he took the 
full three years' course of study. He was ordained 
Sept. 12, 1855, and was pastor of the church in 
Skowhegan, Me., for three years,— 1855-58. He 
became an agent of the American Baptist Publica- 
tion Society, and continued in the employ of the 
society for four years, — 1859-63. He died at Skow- 
hegan, Sept. 9, 1865. 

Clark, E.ev. Andrew, of Bishop Creek, Cal., a 
self-denying and faithful pastor, is the only Baptist 
preacher east of the Sierra range, his preaching 
stations extending nearly 100 miles north and south. 
He was born in Alleghany Co., Pa., -July 14, 1832 : 
baptized in 1852 at Marshall, Iowa; married at 
twenty-two to Miss Rachel L. Sehern, a Presbyte- 
rian, who with all her family became Baptists. He 
served in the U. S. army ; was induced by his 
father to go to California just after his ordination 
at Red Oak, Iowa, in 1867 ; located at Bishop Creek, 



CLARK 



CLARK 



where he has built a house of worship, and is doing 
a good work for Christ. Twice he has traveled 
1500 miles (once with his wife) over the. mountains 
to attend the Association. 

Clark, Rev. Edward W., was born in the town 
of North-East, Dutchess Co., N. Y., Feb. 25, 1830. 
He was converted and called to the ministry in 
early life. He graduated from Brown University 
in 1857, and from Rochester Theological Seminary 
in 1859. He was pastor in Logansport, Ind., from 
1859 to 1861. He was editor and publisher of the 
Witness, Indianapolis, from 1861 to 1867. He was 
appointed missionary to Sibsagor, and sailed in 
October, 1868. He took charge of missionary 
printing, and assisted in other missionary work for 
five years, when he became deeply interested in the 
people of the Naga Hills. He made a visit to one 
of the tribes, and was afterwards appointed mis- 
sionary to the Nagas. His wife, Mrs. Mary M. 
Clark, helps him in his missionary work. She 
returned to this country in 1873, and stayed three 
years. She spent much of the time in forming 
missionary circles among Baptist women. 

Clark, George WhitJBield, D.D., was born at 
South Orange, N. J., Feb. 15, 1831. He was con- 
verted and baptized when twelve years old into the 
fellowship of the Northfield Baptist church. He 
graduated at Amherst College in 1853, and com- 
pleted bis theological course at Rochester in 1855. 
He was ordained pastor of the church at New 
Market, Oct. 3, 1855. In June, 1859, he became 
pastor of the First Baptist, church in Elizabeth, 
and continued there until 1868, when he went to 
the church at Ballston, N. Y., from which he re- 
moved to Somerville, N. J., Sept. 1, 1873. In 1872 
Rocliester University conferred upon him the de- 
gree of D.D. Dr. Clark has been a close and 
thorough student. His notes on the gospek and 
" New Harmony of the Gospels" are thorough, 
sound, and popular. They have been extensively 
used. Close and continuous study brought on a 
failure in health that induced a resignation of his 
prosperous pastorate in Somerville in 1877. He is 
so far restored that further work on the New Tes- 
tament is contemplated. He has contributed a 
number of articles to the quarterlies. 

Clark, Rev. Henry, was born Nov. '12, 1810, 
at Canterbury, Windham Co., Conn. ; was educated 
at Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution; 
ordained June 13, 1834, at Seekonk, Mass., where 
he had his first pastorate. Subsequently served as 
pastor at Taunton two and a half years, Canton 
two years, Randolph five years, Cheshire six years. 
These pastorates were all in Massachusetts. Mr. 
Clark came to Wisconsin in 1869, where he has 
since resided. He was pastor at Kenosha five 
years, Pewaukee two years, and he has been settled 
over the Second Baptist church in Oshkosh, where 



he now resides, about one year. Mr. Clark is a 
Baptist preacher of the old-fashioned New England 
type, sound in the faith, plain and direct in his 
style, always bringing to the cause of the church 
and of Christ an undivided devotion, able and ready 
to speak at all times, and to fight (if needful) in 
defense of the old Baptist faith, rather than abandcm 
a hairs breadth of tlie principles of the church of 
which he is a member and minister. His spirit 
has been made meek and gentle in the furnace of 
affliction. All his family except his wife — two 
sons and five daughters^have preceded him to the 
land of rest. He is passing the evening of his life 
in preaching Christ in one of the most beautiful 
cities of Wisconsin. 

Clark, Ichabod, D.D., was born in Franklin 
Co., Mass., Oct. 30, 1802, and died at Lockport, 
111., April 14, 1869, after an active and useful 
ministry of forty-seven years. His conversion 
took place when he was about fourteen years of 
age. At the age of eighteen he was licensed to 
preach by the Baptist church of Truston, N. Y. ; 
ordained at Scipio, N. Y., in 1823. His pastorates 
in New York were at Lockport, Lagrange, Batavia, 
Le Roy, Brockport, and Nunda. In 1848 he ac- 
cepted an appointment from the New York State 
Convention as missionary at Galena, 111. He thus 
became identified with the denomination in that 
State, and for the most part remained so until his 
death. His next pastorate after that at Galena wa,s 
at Rockford, where he labored several years with 
signal success. Midway in this pastorate he en- 
gaged for a year as superintendent of missions of 
the General Association of the State, the church 
giving him leave of absence for this purpose, and 
supplying the pulpit meanwhile. At the end of the 
year he resumed his work at Rockford. and contin- 
ued it until 1860. During his labors there 453 
were added to the church, 211 by baptism. Five 
years in a pastorate at Le Roy, N. Y., one year in 
renewed service as superintendent of missions in 
Illinois, a brief service at Lockport as pastor, and 
his active, wise, and efficient ministry was finished. 

Clark, Rev. James A., Professor of the Latin 
Language in Kalamazoo College, Mich., was born 
in Pittsfield, Mass., in 1827, and died in Kalamazoo 
in August, 1869. He was in early life converted 
and began preparation for the work of the ministry. 
He graduated from Williams College in 1853, and 
after teaching a year studied at Newton, where he 
finished the usual course in 1857. Soon after he 
became pastor at Adrian, Mich., and subsequently 
at Fairfield. From the latter place he was called 
to the professorship in Kalamazoo College, but 
during his residence there he served the college as 
financial agent, and as editor of the Michigan 
Christian Herald, and he was treasurer of the 
State Convention for three years preceding his 



CLARK 



CLARKE 



death. He was a man of large practical sagacity,, 
and self-sacrificing devotion to the church. His 
death at tlie age of forty-two was sincerely and 
deeply lamented. 

Clark, Rev, John. — This pioneer preacher was 
horn in Scotland, Nov. 29, 1758. At seven he be- 
gan to study Latin and Greek. In 1778 he went to 
sea on a British ship, which he deserted at Charles- 
ton, S. C. He went to Georgia and taught 
school. He was converted in 1785, and became a 
Methodist preacher. He was ordained by Bishop 
Asbury in 1795. He visited Scotland, and found 
that his father and mother were dead. He returned 
to America, preached in Georgia, and taught school. 
In 1796 he walked from Georgia to Kentucky, and 
taught and preached in the Crab Orchard country. 
He exchanged the rod in school for firmness and 
love. He came to Missouri in 1798. He preached 
in St. Louis County when the Catholic foreign 
commander threatened him with imprisonment. 
He became a Baptist, and another Methodist, named 
Talbot, adopted the same opinions, and they im- 
mersed each other. The Lemmons, early Illinois 
ministers, studied under Clark, and acknowledged 
their obligations to him for their instruction in lan- 
guages and theology. He went in a canoe in 1808 
and 1810 down the Mississippi to Baton Rouge, and 
preached and taught school, and walked back. He 
was easy of address, social, pious, intelligent, and 
useful. He wrote in a beautiful hand many family 
records in the Bible by request. In 1820 he visited 
the Boones in Lick County, and he was the first to 
go so far west. He belonged to the Coldwater Bap- 
tist church in St. Louis County. He died at Wil- 
liam Patterson's, Oct. 11, 1833, at seventy-five years 
of age. He had performed great labor. Multi- 
tudes attended his funeral. The Lemmons, by his 
request, preached his funeral sermon. 

Clark, Rev. John Henry, was bom in Loudon 
Co., Va., Dec. 12, 1812. He was converted at six- 
teen years of age, and baptized by Dr. W. F. 
Broadus. He moved to Missouri in 1839, and 
united with the church at Cape Girardeau. He was 
licensed in 1842, and ordained in 1844 to the pas- 
torate of the church at the Cape. He had a talent 
for languages and acquired them. He gave much 
time to teaching, and was successful in it, and he 
was effective as a preacher. Brother Clark was for 
years moderator of Cape Girardeau Association. 
He died April 4, 1869. He was honored and he- 
loved as a good minister of Jesus. 

Clark, J. W. B., D.D., was born in Rushford, 
N. y., May 8, 1831 ; graduated from Alleghany Col- 
lege in 1855. For two years after he was principal 
of Randolph Academy, now Chamberlain Institute, 
N. Y. The next six years he devoted to preaching. 
In 1863 lie entered Rochester Theological Seminary, 
from which he was graduated in 1866. The next 



four years he was pastor in Portsmouth, 0. In 
May, 1870, he removed to Albion, N. Y., where he 
still remains, and where he is doing a noble ivork 
in one of the strongest and most efficient churches 
of Western New York. Rochester University con- 
ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity 
in 1877. His parents were from Southampton, 
Mass. His father's name was Elam Clark. Dr. 
Clark is a man of strong constitution and character. 
His solid frame and manly face fitly represent his 
vigorous intellect. As a preacher he ranks among 
the best in the State, and his fine judgment and 
earnest, patient, hopeful spirit eminently qualify 
him for leadership in the great concerns of the de- 
nomination. He has written sermons for the Ex- 
aminer and Chronicle, and occasional newspaper 
articles, in all of which he shows a masterly hand. 

Clark, Deacon Thomas, father of Rev. Andrew 
Clark, of Bishop Creek, Cal., assisted in organizing 
the McKeesport church, Pa. ; was a pioneer Baptist 
in Iowa, where his house was the meeting-place 
of an infant church ; and a pioneer Baptist in 
Eastern California, settling at Bishop Creek in 
1864, where he opened his house for public wor- 
ship, a Sunday-school, and for the meetings of the 
First Baptist church, which was organized in 1869, 
and of which he was deacon until his death, Nov. 
4, 1878, aged seventj-eight years. 

Clarke, Prof. Benjamin F., son of Thomas ami 
Martha Clarke, was born in Newport, Me., -July 14, 
1831. He took the course of study in the Bridge- 
water, Mass., State Normal School, graduating in 
1855, purposing to make teaching his profession. 
For some time he taught in district schools, in a 
grammar school in the city of Salem, Mass., and in 
the Normal School in Bridgewater. Working to 
prepare himself for more extended usefulness, he 
commenced a course of study to qualify himself 
for entering college. He was for some time under 
the tuition of ex-President Thomas Hill, D.D., for- 
merly of Harvard University, and at the time pastor 
of the Unitarian church in Waltham, iMass. While 
residing in Waltham he made a public profession 
of his faith in Christ, and was baptized by Rev. 31. 
L. Bickford in 1857. Having completed his pre- 
paratory course of study, he entered Brown Uni- 
versity, andM-as graduated in the class of 1863, and 
soon after was appointed instructor in Mathematics, 
which office he held until 1868, when he was ap- 
pointed Professor of Mathematics and Civil Engi- 
neering, which position he now (1880) holds. 

Clarke, John, M.D., one of the most eminent 
men of his time, and a leading spirit among the 
founders of Rhode Island, was, according to the best 
authorities, born in Suffolk, England, Oct. 8, 1609. 
His father's name was Thomas, to whom belonged 
a family Bible which is still in existence and contains 
a family record. His mother, Rose Herrige, was 



CLARKE 



CLARKE 



of an ancient Suffolk family. The tradition that 
he was a native of Bedfordshire may have had its 
rise from the fact that there he married his first 
wife, Elizabeth, daughter of John Hayes, Esq. To 
receive a legacy given her by her father out of the 
manor of Wreslingworth, Bedfordshire, he signed 
a power of attorney, March 12, 1656, styling him- 
self John Clarke, physician, of London. During 
his youth he received a careful training, and shared 
in the intellectual quickening of the period, though 
at what university he was graduated is not known. 
His religious and political convictions closely iden- 
tified him with that large and growing body of men 
who bravely sought to limit kingly prerogative, and 
to throw around the personal liberty of subjects 
the protection of constitutional safeguards. He 
was indeed a Puritan of the Puritans. All efforts 
to reform abuses in either church or state proving 
abortive, he directed his footsteps toward the New 
World, arriving at Boston in the month of Novem- 
ber, 1637. 

A bitter disappointment, however, awaited him. 
The Antinomian controversy had just culminated, 
and one of the parties was being proscribed. Dif- 
ferences of opinion he expected to find on these 
Western shores, but he was surprised to find, as he 
tells us, that men " were not able to bear each with 
other in their different understandings and con- 
sciences as in these utmost parts of the world to 
live peaceably together." Since the government 
at Boston was as repressive and intolerant as that 
from which he had just fled, he proposed to a num- 
ber of the citizens, for the sake of peace, to withdraw 
and establish themselves elsewhere, and consented 
to seek out a place. He had boldly resolved to 
plant a new colony, and upon a new basis ; to in- 
corporate into its foundation principles hitherto 
deemed impracticable, and even subversive of gov- 
ernment, and indeed of all order. 

The choice company he had gathered signed, 
March 7, 1638, the following compact : " We, whose 
names are underwritten, do here solemnly, in the 
presence of Jehovah, incorporate ourselves into a 
Body Politic, and as he shall help, will submit our 
persons, lives, and estates unto our Lord Jesus 
Christ, the King of Kings and Lord of Lords, and 
to all those perfect and most absolute laws of his 
given us in his Holy Word of truth, to be guided 
and judged thereby." They found in the Word of 
God warrant for their civil government, and claimed 
for it divine authority. It was, nevertheless, " a 
democi'acy or popular government," and no one 
was "to be accounted a delinquent for doctrine." 
Liberty of conscience was most sacredly guarded. 
The magistrate was to punish only '' breaches of 
the law of God that tend to civil disturbance." 
The largest personal freedom consistent with sta- 
bility of government was provided for. There are 



good reasons for believing that to the hand of Mr. 
Clarke this initial form of government must be 
traced. 

The place selected for the colony was an island 
in the Narragansett Bay, known by the Indians as 
Aquidneck, but subsequently named Rhode Island, 
which, Neal says, " is deservedly called the paradise 
of New England." The lands were obtained by 
purchase of the aborigines, the deed bearing date 
24th March, 1638, the settlers "having bought 
them off to their full satisfaction." At first estab- 
lished at the north end of the island, the govern- 
ment was, the following April, transferred to the 
south end, which received the name of Newport. 
When in 1647 the island was united, under the 
charter of 1643, in a confederacy with the other 
towns included in what afterwards became the State 
of Rhode Island, the government of the united 
towns was framed by some one on the island. It 
is generally supposed, and for good reasons, that 
Mr. Clarke was the author of the government 
framed, both of the code of laws and of the means 
of enforcing it. " From the islanders," says Gov. 
Arnold in his history, " had emanated the code of 
laws, and to them it was intrusted to perfect the 
means of enforcing that code." The code, which 
has received from most competent judges the high- 
est praise, concludes with these words : " And 
otherwise than thus what is herein forbidden, all 
men may walk as their consciences persuade them, 
every one in the name of his God. And let the 
saints of the Most High walk in this colony with- 
out molestation, in the name of Jehovah, their God, 
for ever and ever." 

While constantly busy with the affairs of state, 
Mr. Clarke did not neglect the higher claims of 
religion. He is spoken of by early writers as the 
religious teacher of the people, and as such from 
the beginning. A church was gathered in 1638, 
probably early in the year, of which Mr. Clarke 
became pastor or teaching eldei-. He is mentioned 
(in 1638) as " preacher to those of the island," as 
" their minister," as " elder of the church there." 
Mr. Lechford writes in 1640, after having made a 
tour through New England, that " at the island 
. . . thei-e is a church where one Master Clarke is 
pastor." On his return to England, he adds, when 
revising his manuscript for the press, that he heard 
that this church is dissolved. A report had doubt- 
less reached him of the controversy which had arisen 
on the island respecting the authority of the Bible 
and the existence upon earth of a visible church, 
when some became Seekers and afterwards Quakers. 
Missionary tours were made in various directions, 
and numbers were added to the church from sec- 
tions quite remote, as from Rehoboth, Kingham, 
Weymouth. Some of them continued to live at a 
distance. One of these was William Witter, whose 



CLARKE 



CLARKE 



home was in Lynn. Becoming infirm he was vis- 
ited by his pastor, Mr. Clarke, in 1651, who reached 
his house the 19th of July, accompanied by Obadiah 
Holmes and John Crandall, elders in the church. 
The three visitors were summarily arrested, and 
without there being produced " either accuser, wit- 
ness, jury, law of God, or man," were sentenced. 
They were each to pay a fine, " or else to be well 
whipped." Some one unknown to him paid, it 
is said, Mr. Clarke's fine of twenty pounds. At 
any rate he was, after a detention reaching into the 
middle of August, set free as summarily as he had 
been apprehended. He had hoped for the sake of 
the truth that there might be a public disputation, 
his last communication on the subject to the gov- 
ernor and his advisers being dated from prison, 14th 
August. Though disappointed in this hope, the 
results of the visit were fai"-reaching and most 
gratifying. Many eyes were opened to the truth, 
and "divers were put upon a way of inquiry." 

Meanwhile the colony was in peril, its govern- 
ment in jeopardy, and its very life threatened. On 
his return from Lynn he was importuned to go to 
England and represent the infant colony at the 
English court, and, complying Avith the request, set 
sail in November, 1651. The following year, 1652, 
his famous work in defense of liberty of conscience, 
entitled "111 News from New England," etc., was 
published in London. The immediate object of his 
visit — the revocation of Gov. Coddington's com- 
mission — having been attained, he continued to 
reside abroad to watch over the imperiled interests 
of the unique State, and succeeded not only in 
parrying the attacks of enemies, but in gaining for 
it a substantial advantage over its older and more 
powerful rivals. The boundaries of the State were 
even enlarged. The charter obtained in 1663 guar- 
anteed to the people privileges unparalleled in the 
history of the world. It is an evidence of his skill 
in diplomacy that he could obtain from King 
Charles, against the earnest prayers of the older 
colonies, a charter that declared "that no person 
within the said colony, at any time hereafter, shall 
be anywise molested, punished, disquieted, or called 
in question for any differences of opinion or mat- 
ters of religion." In the second of two addresses 
presented to the king he said respecting his colony, 
that it desires " to be permitted to hold forth in -, 
lively experiment that a flourishing civil sta'f- may 
stand, yea, and best be maintained, ana that among 
English spirits, with a full liberty of religious con- 
cernments." To these labors in England his colony 
was deeply indebted, owed indeed its existence. 
Yet they have never been duly appreciated, nnr 
have the difficulties environing his way been suffi- 
ciently considered. The consummate fruit of his 
toils — the securing of the great charter — has even 
been ascribed to another, as indeed have also the 



results of others of his labors. The charter was 
received by the colony with public demonstrations 
of great joy. 

His return home in July, 1664, after an absence 
of more than twelve years, was hailed with delight. 
He was immediately elected to the General Assem- 
bly, and re-elected year by year until 1669, when 
he became deputy-governor, and again in 1671. 
During these years he performed much important 
public service ; was in 1664 the chief commissioner 
for determining the western boundary of the State, 
and the same year chairman of a committee to cod- 
ify the laws; two years later he was appointed 
alone "to compose all the laws into a good method 
and order, leaving out what may be superfluous, 
and adding what may appear unto him necessary." 
Although he retired from public life in 1672, his 
counsels were still sought in emergencies. Only 
six days before his death he was summoned to at- 
tend a meeting of the General Assembly, which 
desired " to have the advice and concurrence of the 
most judicious inhabitants in the troublous times 
and straits into which the colony has been brought." 
He died suddenly, April 20, 1676, leaving most of 
his property in the hands of trustees for religious 
and educational purposes. His last act was in 
harmony with one of the first on the colony's rec- 
ords, which was to establish a free school, said to 
have been the first in America, if not in the world. 

He was a man of commanding ability, and from 
first to last planned wisely and well for his colony. 
His endowments of both mind and heart were of a 
very high order. He was " an advanced student 
of Hebrew and Greek." Arnold says, " He was a 
ripe scholar, learned in the practice of two profes- 
sions, besides having had large experience in diplo- 
matic and political life. . . . With all his public 
pursuits, he continued the practice of his original 
profession as a physician, and also retained the 
pastoral charge of his church. He left a confession 
of his faith, from which it appears that he was 
strongly Calvinistic in doctrine." His views of 
Christian doctrine have hoen pronounced " so clear 
and Scriptural that they might stand as the confes- 
sion of faith of Baptists to-day, after more than 
two centuries of experience and investigation." 
He has, and perhaps not inaptly, been called the 
"Father of American Baptists." And his, it has 
been claimed, " is the glory of first showing in an 
actual government that the best safeguai-ds of per- 
sonal rights is Christian law." Allen (Biog. Diet.) 
says, " He possessed the singular honor of contrib- 
uting much towards establishing the first govern- 
ment upon the earth which gave equal liberty, civil 
and religious, to all men living under it." Backus : 
" He was a principal procurer of Khode Island for 
sufferers and exiles." Bancroft: "Never did a 
young commonwealth possess a more faithful 



CLARKE 



CLARKE 



friend." Palfrey, although ungenerous and unjust 
in his judgments upon Rhode Island affairs and 
Rhode Island men, and especially toward Mr. 
Clarke, is constrained to admit that he " had some 
claim to be called the father of Rhode Island;" 
and that " for many years before his death he had 
been the most important citizen of his colony." 
Arnold says he was " one of the ablest men of the 
seventeenth century." " His chai-acter and talents 
appear more exalted the more closely they are ex- 



See, for fuller details, besides general histories, 
especially Backus's " History of the Baptists," sec- 
ond edition, a sketch of his life and character by 
Rev. C. E. Barrows, in the Baptist Quarterly for 
1872 (vol. vi. pp. 481-502) ; for a vigorous discus- 
sion of his place in history, articles in the same 
periodical for 1876 (vol. x. pp. 181-204, 257-281), 
by Prof J. C. C. Clarke, under the title of " The 
Pioneer Baptist Statesman" ; for a thorough review 
of the visit to Lynn and the adverse criticisms 
thereon, a pamphlet of 39 pages, by H. M. King, 
D.D., published in 1880. A full memoir of Mr. 
Clarke's life and times is still a desideratum. 

Clarke, Prof. John C. C, of Shurtleff College, 
was born at Providence, R. I., Feb. 27, 1833, being 
descended from Joseph Clarke, a brother of Dr. 
John Clarke, one of the founders of Newport. He 
graduated at the public school in Providence, and 
showed then his predilections as a student by taking 
up independently such languages as French and 
Spanish, acquiring in private study a free use of 
them. At the age of seventeen he went to New 
York City as clerk in the importing house of Booth 
& Edgar, remaining there some four years. In 
1853 he was converted and baptized in the fellow- 
ship of the Strong Place churcii, Brooklyn. De- 
ciding to prepare for the ministry, ho entered the 
University of Rochester in 1855, and graduated in 
1859, having taken the second prize in the Sopho- 
more class for Latin, and the first junior prize for 
Greek. He graduated from the seminary in 1861, 
and in September of that year was called to Yonk- 
ers, N. Y., where he remained four years, the 
church having meanwhile a large growth. Remov- 
ing then to Chicago, he served one year as Professor 
of Greek in the university. Prof Misen being en- 
gaged in the general service of the institution. In 
1866, in connection with the supply of the North 
Baptist church, Chicago, he was associated with 
Dr. Colver in giving theological instruction at the 
university. Dr. Colver removing to Richmond, 
Prof Clarke entered the pastorate at Madison, 
Wis., remaining there until the winter of 1870-71, 
the church in the mean time paying off an old debt 
and improving its house of worship, while about 
fifty were added by baptism. In 1871 he became 
pastor of the Mount Auburn churck, Cincinnati, 



teaching metaphysics and moral philosophy at the 
Young Ladies' Institute there. In 1873 he accepted 
a call to the Beaumont Street church, St. Louis, 
and in 1875 to the professorship in Shurtleff Col- 
lege, which he now fills. Among Prof Clarke's 
writings may be mentioned essays in different re- 
views upon " Platonism and Early Christianity," 
" History in Alphabet," " The Pioneer Statesmen," 
"John Clarke of Newport," besides various con- 
tributions to the weekly press. He is an exact 
scholar, an inspiring teacher, a man of refined 
tastes, and highly esteemed in all relations. 

Clarke, Judge John T., the son of James 
Clarke and Permelia T. Willborn, a native of 
Georgia, was born Jan. 12, 1834. He was educated 
in Mercer University and in Columbian College, 
D. C, graduating in the former institution in July, 
1853, and sharing the first honor with Henry T. 
Wimberly and J. 11. Kilpatrick. He was admitted 
to the bar in 1854, and entered into partnership 
with his uncle. Judge M. J. Wellborn, in Columbus. 
In 1858 he abandoned the law for the ministry, 
while practising at Lumpkin, and accepted the 
charge of the Second Baptist chui'ch in Atlanta, 
in January, 1859, having been ordained in 1858. 
Throat disease terminated his pastorate at the end 
of two years, when he retired to the country and 
rusticated until January, 1863, preaching only oc- 
casionally. Gov. Jos. E. Brown appointed him 
judge of the Superior Courts of the Pataula circuit 
in January, 1863, to which position he was elected 
in March, 1867, receiving a new commission for 
four years. During the time when Gen. Meade Avas 
placed in charge of the military district, of which 
Georgia was a part, some general orders were issued 
by him which Judge Clarke felt conscientiously 
bound to ignore ; and, when another order was 
given threatening trial by a military commission, 
and punishment by fine and imprisonment for all 
judges who disregai-ded the military orders of Gen. 
Meade, Judge Clarke adjourned the courts of Early 
and Miller Counties, on the ground that the " ille- 
gal, unconstitutional, oppressive, and dangerous" 
orders of Gen. Meade deprived the court of freedom 
of action. For this he was removed from ofiice by 
Gen. Meade. In 1868 he returned to the practice of 
law, in which he is still engaged ; but he has always 
preached, even when holding courts, if an opportu- 
nity permitted. Judge Clarke has represented his 
district in the State senate with honor to himself 
He is a member of the board of trustees for Mercer 
University, and is mainly to be credited with the 
passage, at the Convention, of that resolution which 
resulted in the removal of Mercer University from 
Penfield to Macon. 

Judge Clarke has always been an active church 
member, and for years has been an efiicient Sun- 
day-school superintendent. He is a fine speaker, 



CLARKE 



CLAY 



a good Latin, Greek, and French scholar, and has 
some knowledge of German, Hebrew, and Italian. 
He is well read in polite literatui'e, is a graceful 
and strong writer, possesses a quick, discriminating, 
logical, and resolute mind, and, as a business man, 
is well known for his energy, accuracy, and in- 
tegrity. 

Clarke, Kev. Miner Gr.— After some forty years 
of remarkably efficient service, Mr. Clarke is now 
spending the evening of life at Sandwich, 111., un- 
able, through infirmity of health, to share as for- 
merly in the work, but still deeply interested in all 
that concerns the prosperity of Christ's cause. He 
■was born Dec. 9, 1809, at Woodstock, Conn., and 
is descended from the same family stock as the 
Rev. John Clarke, who, in the seventeenth century, 
gathered the First Baptist church of Newport, R. I. 
Mr. Clarke was converted when but a youth, and 
was baptized by Rev. J. B. Atwell. He studied at 
Newton, graduating there in 1837. Thrown upon 
his own resources during this five yeai's' course of 
study, his health was injured by overwork, and the 
consequences have continued to be felt during his 
whole life since. He was ordained in the autumn 
of 1837 as pastor of the Baptist church in Suffield, 
Conn. ; his health failing, he was obliged to resign 
his pastorate after a brief service. Rest having in 
some degree restored him, he accepted a call to 
Grafton, Mass. Here he gathered a Baptist church, 
and, in the course of an eighteen months' pastor- 
ate, saw a flourishing Sunday-school established 
and a neat and tasteful house of worship built. 
Health again failed, so that a suspension of labor 
became necessary. After his strength had been in 
some measure re-established, he was called to the 
work of gathering a church in the centre of Nor- 
wich City, Conn. The result was the oi'ganization 
of the Central Baptist church of that city, in 
whose forty years of blessed history he is now 
permitted to rejoice. The first six yeai-s of that 
history, under his own pastorate, during which 
time hundreds were baptized, old dissensions 
healed," and two flourishing Baptist churches made 
to stand where before were only the debris of 
past mistakes and failures, must be regarded as 
having largely determined the direction and the 
character of that which has since followed. After 
sis years in that pastorate, a like service called 
him to Springfield, Mass. Accepting the care 
of the First church in that city, by a change 
of location and methods of work, and the erec- 
tion of a fine new house of worship, with large 
additions to the church, a new face was put upon 
the Baptist cause there. Failure of health again 
compelled a suspension of labor, but rest having in 
a measure restored him, after supplying for a time 
the pulpit of the First church, Williamsburgh, 
made vacant by the lamented death of Rev. M. J. 



Rhees, and after some months' service for the Bible 
Society, as its financial secretary, he accepted the 
call of the Tabernacle church, Philadelphia, and 
removed to that city in 1851. A five-years' pros- 
perous pastorate followed. Constant additions to 
the church rewarded the devoted joint lalwr of 
pastor and people, the present beautiful .and con- 
venient house was built, and congregations gathered 
which filled its pews. With the labors of this pas- 
torate was associated service upon the board of the 
Publication Society, and in other spheres of impor- 
tant public duty. In 1856 the state of his health 
made another change necessary. Removing to 
Indianapolis, he established there the Witness, a 
Baptist weekly, and conducted it during six years 
with admirable skill and with most excellent effect, 
as regards denominational interests in Indiana and 
the West. After six years, believing that a resi- 
dence near the lakes would benefit his health, he 
sold the Witness to Rev. E. W. Clark, and removed 
to Chicago, entering into business in that city with 
his sons, and associating with this, important ser- 
vice as financial secretary of the university. With 
this, a brief pastorate at Evanston, near Chicago, 
and four years' service as financial secretary of the 
Home Mission Society for New York, his active 
labors reached a close. An injury received in New 
York City, followed by nervous prostration, left 
him no alternative, and retiring from public service, 
he made his home at Sandwich, 111. Remembered 
with admiration and afi'ection by his associates in 
many spheres of service, he now (1880) awaits the 
higher call. 

Clarke, Rev. N. L., pastor at Decatur, Miss., 
for the past thirty-three years, was born in North 
Carolina in 1812; settled in Mississippi in 1840, 
and the year following was ordained. His labors 
have been chiefly confined to the counties of Kem- 
per, Neshoba, Leake, Scott, Newton, Lauderdale, 
Clarke, Jasper, Jones, Covington, Simpson, Smith, 
and Rankin, and the adjoining parts of Alabama. 
He has baptized over one thousand persons ; aided 
in constituting between forty-five and fifty churches; 
about forty of which were gathered by his own 
labors ; has presided as moderator of Mount Pisgah 
Association twenty-four years, and of the General 
Association of Mississippi from its organization ; 
he has also been associate editor of the Southern 
Baptist. 

Clay, Judge Joseph. — This distinguished min- 
ister of the gospel was born in Savannah, Aug. 16, 
1764. His father was a Revolutionary soldier ; he 
was also an eminent lawyer and an esteemed judge. 
The subject of this sketch graduated at Princeton, 
with the highest honors of his class, in 1784. After 
admission to the bar he soon became one of the 
ablest and most popular lawyers in Georgia, and 
his reputation reached the most distant parts of his 



CLAY 



232 



CLEVELAND 



country. In 1796 he was appointed United States 
judge for the district of Georgia, by President 
George Washington. He held this position for 
about five years, the duties of which he discharged 
with such wisdom and uprightness as secured for 
him the respect of all good citizens. 

In 1803. the Spirit of God led him to see his sin- 
fulness, and to trust the precious Saviour for sal- 
vation ; and though bi'ought up under Pedobaptist 
influence, like many other men of culture, he united 
with the Baptists, and soon after he was ordained 
to the ministry, and became assistant pastor of the 
First Baptist church of Savannah. In 1806 he 
visited New England and preached in many of 
the principal centres of population, to the great 
spiritual enjoyment of the large congregations that 
heard his blessed teachings. He was for a time 
associate pastor with Dr. Samuel Stillman in the 
First Baptist church of Boston, and in August, 
1807, he became his successor. His health per- 
mitted him only for a short period to discharge the 
duties of his office ; but during that time throngs of 
the intelligent and refined waited on his ministra- 
tions, and Christians of all conditions heard him 
gladly. His residence in Boston was a great bless- 
ing to the Baptists and to the whole city. 

He had a commanding appearance, an eye of 
singular beauty, a heart overflowing with tender- 
ness, and an eloquence that moved the congrega- 
tions which he addressed to tears or ecstasies at 
his pleasure. He had a spirit of deep humility, 
and as he believed that the love of Christ had pur- 
chased and applied his salvation, and Avould cer- 
tainly render it triumphant, he was ready to give 
up all ths errors of his Episcopalian education 
and unite with the first denomination of Christians 
that ever followed Jesus ; and he was fully pre- 
pared to renounce the honors and emoluments of a 
distinguished lawyer, who had occupied the posi- 
tion of ;■:, United States judge, that he might preach 
Jesus CO the perishing. 

Clay, Rev. Porter, was the brother of Henry 
Clay, and the fifth son of the Rev. John Clay, a Bap- 
tist minister of Hanover Co., Va. He was born in 
Virginia, March, 1779, and removed to Kentucky 
in early life with his mother and her husband, and 
reached manhood in that State, where so many Vir- 
ginia Baptists found homes. He studied the legal 
profession, and received the appointment of Auditor 
of Public Accounts from Governor Slaughter, a dis- 
tinguished Baptist. The position was highly re- 
spectable, and financially one of the best in the 
State. His second wife was Mrs. Elizabeth Hardin, 
the widow of Hon. M. D. Hardin, formerly a Sena- 
tor of the United States, who brought him the occu- 
pancy of " one of the best farms in Kentucky." 

He was converted and baptized in 1815, and soon 
after gave himself to the ministry of the Word. He 



was a popular preacher, greatly esteemed by the 
churches which he served. After he had lost all 
his property, his brother Henry oSiered him " a resi- 
dence and the means of support at Ashland, but 
he declined it, saying, ' he owed his service to God, 
and he would take care of him.' N'or was he dis- 
appointed." He died in 1850, in the full enjoyment 
of the Christian's hope. — From a sketch written by 
Henry Clay. 

Clemmons, A. E., D.D., was born in Shelby ville, 
Tenn., Sept. 14, 1822; educated at Shelby ville 
Academy ; professed religion when seventeen years 
old ; commenced preaching in his twentieth year ; 
ordained at New Bethel church, Noxubee Co., 
Miss., in 1844 ; ministered to New Bethel church. 
Miss. ; Lewisville church. Ark. ; Mount Lebanon 
and Meriden churches, La. : performed hard and 
useful service as a missionary in Mississippi and 
Arkansas, and as agent for the endowment of Mount 
Lebanon University, La. ; served Marshall church, 
Texas, fi-om 1855 to 1861, and 1865-69 ; was chap- 
lain of the 3d Texas Regiment during the war ; 
was pastor of Shrevepovt church. La., from 1869 
to 1874: has been pastor of Longview church, 
Texas, since 1874. Although in charge of this 
church and others during his residence in Texas, 
he has lived at Marshall twenty-one years. Re- 
ceived the degree of D.D. from Waco University. 
He is moderator of Loda Lake Association, was 
president of the General Association of Texas a 
number of years, and is now president of East 
Texas Convention. He has served various Baptist 
bodies as agent, and aided in the establishment of 
several Baptist schools. He has been a prominent, 
popular, laborious, and able preacher from his or- 
dination up to the present time, and exercises a 
commanding influence in Eastern Texas. 

Cleveland, W. C, M.D., D.D„ a native of 
Dallas Co., Ala., was born June 22, 183.5. His 
father, Deacon Carter W. Cleveland (deceased), 
was one of the most prominent citizens of that 
county, and one of the most influential laymen in 
the State ; he was wealthy, intelligent, wise, and 
upright. Dr. Cleveland graduated when a youth 
in the University of Alabama, and in medicine 
in the city of New York, and arose to distinc- 
tion as a physician. He abandoned that profes- 
sion and entered the ministry in 1869 ; was called 
immediately to Carlowville ; soon after and for 
several years his time as pastor was divided lio- 
tween that place, Snow Hill, and Pleasant Hill,— 
three village churches in refined and intelligent 
communities, — where most gratifying results at- 
tended his ministrations. Some four years since 
he was called to the church in the city of Selma, 
where he labors with distinguished ability and suc- 
cess in charge of a church which has become second 
to none in the State. The title of D.D. was eon- 



CLIFT 



233 



CLOPTON 



ferred on him by Howard College in 1875. Dr. 
Cleveland is an accomplished Christian gentleman, 
of courtly bearing, of eminent consecration and 
piety, a laborious and wise pastor, standing in the 
front rank of the Southern Baptist pulpit. Re- 
garded in Alabama as among the very best preach- 
ers and safest counselors, taking hold of all our 
denominational interests with zeal and determina- 
tion, he exerts the highest influence. None is more 
trusted, none more able, none from whom more is 
expected. 

Clift, Hon. Amos, son of Capt. Amos and 
Thankful (Denison) Clift, was born in Groton, 
Aug. 7, 1805 ; became a distinguished master- 
builder ; in military life rose to be. colonel of 8th 
Regiment of Connecticut militia ; filled, first and 
last, nearly every town office ; was representative 
in the General Assembly of the State ; became 
judge of the Probate Court; greatly interested in 
educational and religious affairs ; converted and 
baptized at the age of sixteen ; first a member of 
Second Baptist church in Groton, afterwards of 
Third church ; died at his residence in Groton, 
Aug. 18, 1878, aged seventy-three years ; a man 
of honor and of wide influence. 

Clinch, Charles F., Esq., is a member of the 
Baptist church at Musquash, St. John Co., New 
Brunswick; was president of the Baptist Conven- 
tion of the Maritime Provinces for the year ending 
August, 1880 ; is a liberal supporter of home mis- 
sions and all other benevolent operations of the 
Baptist denomination. 

Clinic Baptism. — This baptism received its 
name from the Greek word kKlvti^ a bed, because 
the sick persons who received it were generally 
unable to move from their beds. It was regarded 
as a defective baptism. Eusebius says, "It was 
not lawful to promote one baptized by pouring on 
his sick-bed to any ordjer of the clergy." (Eccles. 
Hist., lib. vi. 43, p. 244. Parisiis, 1659.) And in 
the same chapter he declares his approbation of 
the opinion of Cornelius, bishop of Rome, in w-hich 
he expresses doubts about the validity of the 
famous clinic baptism of Novatian, when he was 
poured around (7rspt;i;e") in a time of sickness, and 
he adds, " If indeed it be proper to say that one 
like him did receive baptism." 

Some greeted these persons on recovery with eon- 
tempt and ridicule, and called them Clinics instead 
of Christians. Cyprian denounces such treatment. 
" As to the nickname," says he, '' which some 
have thought fit to fix upon those who have thus 
(by baptism on their beds) obtained the grace of 
Christ through his saving water and through faith 
in him, and their calling such persons Clinics in- 
stead of Christians, I am at a loss to find the orig- 
inal of this appellation," etc. (Ep. 76, ad Magnum, 
pp. 121, 122. Colonic, 1607.) Clinic baptism ap- 
16 



pears more frequently in modern controversy than 
the extent of its use justified. It was regarded as 
a doubtful, defective, and cowardly Ijaptism, sub- 
jecting the recipient to the sneers of his acquaint- 
ances if he'recovered, and as a consequence it was 
very little practised. Novatian's case is by far the 
most prominent ; the other allusions to the abor- 
tive rite are so rare among the ancients who per- 
formed it that it is scarcely worthy of notice. But 
while it existed it was abundant proof that the 
baptism of unconscious infants was eitlier unknown 
or but little used. If almost every child, as in 
France or Italy now, was baptized in infancy, there 
could be no room for baptizing terrified dying 
adults, as they had the rite already, and it was not 
lawful to repeat it. 

Clopton, Rev. Abner W., Mas born in Pittsyl- 
vania Co., Va., March 24, 1784. Until the age of 
sixteen he attended school and made remarkably 
rapid progress. For five years he was engaged as 
clerk in a store in the neighborhood of his home. 
At the age of nineteen he married, — a most unfor- 
tunate event, as it afterwards pi'oved, tingeing with 
gloom his whole after-life. He resolved to enter 
one of the learned professions ; prosecuted a clas- 
sical course at several schools; engaged himself 
as teacher in South Carolina, and entered, aljout 
1808, the Junior class at Chapel Hill, N. C, Avhere 
he graduated, receiving the degree of A.B., and 
afterwards that of A.M. Having decided to enter 
the medical profession, he went to Philadelphia 
in 1811 to attend the courses of lectures there. A 
severe illness brought him to reflection upon his 
lost condition, and was the means of his conversion. 
He returned to Virginia, was baptized in August, 
1812, and joined the Sbockoe church. Soon after 
he was engaged as tutor at Chapel Hill, and began 
the practice of medicine under very favorable au- 
spices. Another severe illness brought him to the 
decision to consecrate himself wholly to the work 
of his Master, which, however, was not carried 
into effect until about 1823, when, receiving an 
invitation to become the pastor of several churches 
in Charlotte Co., Va., he settled there. Here he 
was eminently successful in his labors, many being 
converted and baptized, and the churches purified 
and greatly strengthened. Shortly after his set- 
tlement in Virginia he became deeply interested in 
the promotion of the tract cause. More than 100 
societies auxiliary to the Baptist General Tract 
Society were formed by him during his journey- 
ings in Virginia. He was also instrumental in 
bringing many excellent books into circulation 
among the churches, and especially Scott's Com- 
mentary. He was deeply interested also in the 
temperance movement. With several other pas- 
tors he formed the Virginia Society for the Pro- 
motion of Temperance, a few months only after 



C LOUGH 



234 



CLOUGH 



the organization of the American Temperance So- 
ciety. He traveled everywhere throughout the 
State, and had the pleasure of seeing a most 
marked improvement in the social habits of the 
people. In 1831 he accepted a temporary agency 
in behalf of the Columbian College, and, though 
death soon removed him from the scene of his la- 
))ors, he was quite successful. Besides performing 
the duties of agent gratuitously, he contributed 
himself the sum of $3000 towards its funds. He 
was also specially active in the erection of new and 
more commodious buildings for public worship, and 
in providing ample room and accommodations for 
the colored members of his congregations. As a 
preacher, he was greatly successful. His sermons 
were mai-ked by simplicity, pathos, and a pointed 
practical bearing, and, as a result, many were 
brought, through his ministrations, to a knowl- 
edge of the truth. On his death-bed, racked with 
keen agony, he wrote a most touching letter to his 
aged parents, in which occur these words, showing 
his love of his Lord and the submissiveness with 
which he yielded himself to his fatherly chastise- 
ments : " On other occasions of distress and af- 
fliction my mind has been distracted with fear and 
anxiety ; but in this, I feel neitlier murmurs nor 
repinings. I would not have died without this 
affliction, or something resembling it, on any con- 
sideration, believing it to be as necessary in the 
scheme of my salvation as the atonement of 
Christ." 

Again, after having carefully reviewed his life, 
useful as it had been made to multitudes, and com- 
paring it with the holy law of God, he writes, " My 
heart and life again passed in review before me, 
and I appeared to myself more vile than I suppose 
it is possible for you to conceive. I felt, however, 
and I still feel, that if God should lock me up in 
hell, I would attempt to praise him there for his 
great goodness towards me." Of this fiiithful la- 
borer in the Master's vineyard Dr. Jeter says, 
" He was one of the most devotedly pious men he 
had ever known." 

Clough, B,ev. JohnE,, the Teloogoo missionary, 
whose labors in the East have produced the most 
extensive harvests gathered in any heathen field in 
modern times, was born July 16, 1836, near Frews- 
bury, Chautauqua Co., N. Y. When a mere child 
he was taken to Illinois, and soon after to Iowa. 
He was in the employment of the United States 
government with a party of surveyors in Minnesota 
for four years, and during this period he became 
thoroughly acquainted with their business. As he 
left the wilderness he resolved to perfect his educa- 
tion as his next great duty, and to devote himself 
to the legal profession as his life-work. For this 
purpose he entered Burlington Collegiate Institute 
in Iowa in 1857, and commenced the study of law 



in 1858. In the college " his attention was arrested 
by the diS"erence between the character and bearing 
of the persons whom he had just left and those 
with whom he was now brought into hourly con- 
tact. Immediately upon this came the unbidden 
query, 'Why this difference?' What is it that 
makes everything here so gentle, kind, and pure as 
compared with the scenes and persons recently 
left ? These people read the Bible and pray to God. 
Does this fact point to the source of the contrast 
which I see and feel, and must confess? So his 
thoughts ran. His anxiety at length drove him to 
the Bible, the Bible drew him to the throne of 
grace, and to the life and love of a bleeding Re- 
deemer, and that Redeemer gave him peace in be- 
lieving." He was baptized by Dr. G. J. Johnson 
into the fellowship of the Burlington church, whose 
ministry was greatly blessed to Mr. Clough in 
leading him to Christ, and in counseling him when 
he found Jesus. 

After his conversion he felt that God had called 
him to be a minister, and to proclaim Jesus to the 
most benighted people under heaven. He gradu- 
ated at Upper Iowa University in 1862, and was 
appointed a missionary to India in August, 1864. 
He arrived in that country in March, 1865, and 
labored more than a year among the Teloogoos at 
Nellore. In September, 1866, he removed to 
Ongole, and on the 1st of January, 1867, organized 
a church with 8 members ; that community at the 
end of 1879 had 13,106 members, probably the 
largest church in the world. It has 46 native 
preachers, and 30 helpers or lay preachers. Of 
this throng of converts, 3262 were baptized at 
Ongole on three successive days. From June 16 
to July 31, 1878, 8691 persons were immersed in 
the name of the Trinity. In this mighty work 
there was no excitement, and no efforts to press the 
people into the church. , Owing to special aid 
which Mr. Clough was enabled to render the in- 
habitants in a dreadful famine, he delayed his great 
baptisms for a considerable period, and sought help 
from his missionary brethren to make a careful 
and protracted examination of the candidates. A 
mighty outpouring of the Spirit of God brought 
this multitude to Jesus, and the same Spirit is 
keeping them in the narrow and blessed way. Mr. 
Clough was the chief human instrument in this 
marvelous work. And he still toils in the field 
where grace has wrought such wonders. 

He has a clear intellect, a powerful will, an or- 
derly mind, and a heart full of love to Jesua and 
perishing souls. With the strictest truth he might 
say, " To me to live is Christ," and with equal 
veracity we may declare, that Christ has given 
eternal life through his ministry to the greatest 
number of converts ever brought into his fold, in so 
brief a space by the labors of one man. 



CLOVIS 



COBB 



Clovis, The Baptism of.— Clovis I. was born 
about A.D. 456. He was the enterprising and daring 
chief of a small tribe of the Franks of Tournai. In 
a projected war against the Alemanni, in 496, the 
Frankish tribes elected him general-in-chief, during 
hostilities, according to their custom. The Ale- 
manni were attacked at Zlilpieh, near Cologne. 
The battle was very desperate, and Clovis fearing 
defeat, and distrusting his idols, prayed to the God 
of his Christian wife, Clotilda, for the victory. 
He routed the enemy, and, according to a vow 
made on the field of battle, he was baptized at 
Rheims, M'ith a large number of his soldiers and 
others. Hincmar, archliishop of Rheims, in the 
middle of the ninth century, a successor of Remi- 
gius who baptized Clovis, a writer of great talents, 
with all needful information, thus describes the 
most important event in the early history of France: 

" The way leading to the baptistery was' put in 
order; on both sides it was hung with painted 
canvas and curtains ; overhead there was a pro- 
tecting shade ; the streets were leveled ; the bap- 
tistery of the church was prepared for the occasion, 
and sprinkled with balsam and ocher perfumes. 
Moreover, the Lord bestowed favor on the people 
that they might think that they were refreshed 
with the sweet odors of Paradise. 

" The holy pontiff Remigius, holding the hand 
of the king, went forth from the royal residence to 
the baptistery, followed by the queen and the peo- 
ple ; the holy gospels preceded them, with all hymns 
and spiritual songs and litanies, and the names of 
the saints were loudly invoked. . . . The blessed 
Remigius officiated on the solemn occasion. . . . 
Clovis having entered the life-giving fountain, . . . 
after confessing the orthodox faith in answer to 
questions put by the holy pontiff, was baptized hy 
trine immersion according to ecclesiastical usage 
[secundum, ecclesiasticam morem, baptizatus est 
trina viersione), in the name of the holy and undi- 
vided Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. . . . 
Moreover, from his army three thousand men were 
baptized, without counting women and children. 
His sisters, also, Albofledis and Landeheldis, were 
baptized." (Vita Sanct. Remig. Patrol. Lat., vol. 
cxxv. pp. 1160-61, Migne. Parisiis.) 

The name Clovis is the same as Louis, and, no 
doubt, the candidate baptized by Remigius gave 
his name to seventeen subsequent monarchs of 
France, and a host of other Frenchmen and Ger- 
mans. Clovis was the first king of the Franks, 
and his baptism is commemorated in French 
paintings, and represented in pictures in French 
books, and distributed throughout the nation in 
handsome engravings. The fine steel engraving 
from which the picture of the baptism of Clovis 
was taken was purchased for the writer in Paris. 
In primary French histories for the use of 



schools it is common in France to use a wood- 
cut representing Clovis in a baptistery nearly 
full of water. We have one of these pictures. 
By the engraving accompanying this article, artis- 
tic, historic France testifies that immersion was 
the early mode of baptism. 

Clowes, Francis, was bom at Heacham, Nor- 
folk, England, Jan. 10, 1805, of Baptist parentage. 
He entered Bristol College to prepare for the min- 
istry, having been commended by the church in his 
native place, and at the conclusion of the regular 
course of study he proceeded to Aberdeen Univer- 
sity. He returned to Bristol in 1831 to become 
pastor of the Thrinell Street church, and labored 
there until, in 1836, he was appointed classical tutor 
of Horton College, now Rawdon. He occupied this 
post until 1851. when lie retired in failing health. 
The promotion of Baptist periodical literature en- 
gaged his hearty sympathy. He took a leading 
part in establishing and maintaining The Church 
and The Appeal, monthly magazines, and after his 
retirement from collegiate work he became one of 
the editors of The Freeman. With this weekly 
paper he was connected for several years, and ren- 
dered efficient service in his editorial capacity to 
the various interests of the denomination. He was 
ardent and impassioned in his attachment to Bap- 
tist principles. He died suddenly. May 7, 1873. 

Coats, Rev. A. J., is an eloquent, laborious, and 
successful pastor, located al Portland, Oregon, where 
he was ordained in September, 1877. The church 
under his ministry has grown very rapidly in power 
and numbers, and is foremost in educational and 
mission work for the city, the State, and the world. 
He was born at Schuyler Lake, N. Y., Sept. 1, 
1847, and converted in 1861. He graduated at 
Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y., in 1874, and 
from Rochester Theological Seminary in 1877. 

Cobb, Gov. Howell, one of the most distin- 
guished of all the great men whom Geoi-gia has 
produced, was born in JefiFerson County, Sept. 7, 
1815. His father, Col. John A. Cobb, was a native 
of North Carolina. 

Gov. Cobb graduated at the State University of 
Georgia in the year 1834, taking the third honor. 
In 1836 he was admitted to the bar, and gave such 
evidence of ability and legal attainments that he 
was elected by the Legislature solicitor-general of 
the Western Circuit in the year following. He 
held the office for three years, and was elected to 
Congress in October, 1842, taking his seat December, ' 
1843. He was chosen Speaker of the House in 
1849, and was successively re-elected three times. 
In Congress he gained great celebrity by the de- 
livery of speeches on various subjects ; and his 
election to the speakership was a flattering tribute 
to his ability and integrity. In 1851 he was elected 
governor of Georgia by the largest majority ever 



COBB 



237 



COBB 



given in the State up to that period. He was re- 
elected to Congress in 1855, and when Mr. Bu- 
chanan became President, in 1857, Mr. Cobb en- 
tered the Cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury. 
This position he resigned Dec. 6, 1860, and returned 
to Goorgia. 

After secession, Avhen the Provisional Congi-ess 
convened at Montgomery," Ala., Feb. 4, 1861, to 
form a government and frame a constitution, lie 
was elected president. When the war began Gov. 
Cobh became an .ictive participant, and rose from 
the rank of colonel to that of major-general. After 
the return of peace he resumed the practice of his 
profession, and at once occupied a position in the 
front rank of the legal brotherhood. He died sud- 
denly at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York, while 
on a visit to that city on the 9th of October, 1868, 
aged fifty-three years, one month and two days. 
No 'man ever died in Georgia more lamented by 
the lowly, more honored by the great. In the 
domestic circle, as a citizen, at the bar, and in the 
loftiest walks of political life, he was always the 
amiable, patriotic, able, eloquent, generous, and 
benevolent man. No public man in the State has 
ever been more loved tlian he ; none upon whom 
the affections of so many were concentrated. 
Whether viewed as a statesman, orator, lawyer, or 
public man, he was undoubtedly great, — his abili- 
ties soared almost beyond the reach of emulation ; 
yet, as a private citizen, a friend, and the head of 
a family, he Avas still greater, and far more admi- 
rable. But to all his other beauties and excellen- 
cies of character Gov. Cobb added that of being a 
Christian. During his whole life he had been a 
perfect model of all that is noble and generous, 
high-minded, and charitable; perhaps no higher 
type of the gentleman, the friend, the master, the 
fatiier, the husband, existed; but it was only late 
in life that he professed faith in Jesus and became 
a Christian. In reply to a question asked him by 
his Baptist pastor, he said, " I accept Jesus Christ 
as divine, as the anointed Saviour of man. My 
doubts on this subject are all gone." 

"General," was the rejoinder, " do you trust him 
as your Saviour?" 

"I do, sir." he replied. Gen. Cobb attended the 
services of a Baptist church, and was identified with 
that denomination all his life. 

Cobb, Col, Joh.n A., son of John Cobb, was boi-n 
in Virginia, but brought up in North Carolina, by 
his maternal grandfather, Howell Lewis, of Gran- 
ville. He married Miss Sarah R. Bootes, of Fred- 
ericksburg, Va., and emigrated to Georgia, where 
he spent the remainder of his life, occupying a high 
social position, and bringing up a family most emi- 
nent for ability and the highest mental and moral 
excellence. lie was born July 5, 1783, and died at 
the age of seventy -fom-, at Athens, Clarke Co., Ga. 



He was a member of the Baptist church in that 
city. 

lie was a man distinguished for integrity, gen- 
erosity, and kindness of heart. The strictest mo- 
rality and uprightness of character marked his 
whole life. A maxim of his still revered by his 
ilescendants is, " If you can say nothing in praise 
of a person, hold your tongue." While on his 
death-bed he calmly gave directions in regard to 
his burial to his youngest son, Maj. John B. Cobb; 
then calling his children and grandchildren around 
his bedside, the dying patriarch placed his ema- 
ciated hands upon their heads and blessed tliem in 
the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Giiost. 

His oldest son was Gen. Ilowell Cobb, who had 
been Speaker of the House of Representatives, 
governor of Georgia, and Secretary of the Treasury 
under President Buchanan. His second son was 
Gen. T. R. R. Cobb, who was killed at Fredericks- 
liurg, a man of exalted worth and abilities. Thgse, 
with his loving wife and daughters, were present 
at the death-scene. 

The dying patriarch requested his son, Gen. T. 
R. R. Cobb, to lead in worship, as he wished to go 
to sleep. After a tearful prayer, amid the weeping 
of all present, he gently fell asleep, — the sleep that 
knew no awakening till the resurrection morning. 

His memory is held in the highest veneration 
by one of the largest and most distinguished family 
connections in the State of Georgia. 

Cobb, E.ev. N. B., was bom in Wayne Co., 
N. C, Fel). 1, 1836; graduated at Chapel Hall, at 
eighteen, in 1854 ; taught school in Cabarrus County 
and Goldsborough till 1857, when he read law 
with Chief Justice Pearson, and practised in Pitt, 
Wayne, and Green Counties till October, 1859, 
when he left the Episcopal Church, in which he 
had been a vestryman for several years, and was 
baptized by Rev. H. Petty, and ordained in Wilson 
in 1860, the Presbytery consisting of Revs. Levi 
Thorne, I. B. Solomon, H. Petty, G. W. Keene, 
W. C. Lacy, and J. G. Barclay. " Mr. Cobb was 
chaplain of the 4tli N. C. Regiment for a time, and 
rendered distinguished service to the cause of reli- 
gion as superintendent of army colportage from 
1862 till the close of the war. After the war ended 
Mr. Cobb, in connection with Dr. J. D. Hufham, 
edited the Daily Record of Raleigh for six months ; 
he then became corresponding secretary of the Sun- 
day-School Board, and has since served as pastor 
of the churches of Elizabeth City ; Second church 
of Portsmouth, Va. : Shelby, N. C. ; Tilesville, 
Rockingham, and Fayetteville, and has taught 
much in connection Avith preaching. Mr. Cobb is 
the Baptist statistician of North Carolina, and at 
present the president of the Baptist State Conven- 
tion. 

Cobb, Nathaniel R., was born in Falmouth. 



COBB 



CO BURN 



Me., near the city of Portland, Nov. 3, 1798. His 
father dying when he was very young, he removed 
with his mother to Plymouth, Mass. In the six- 
teen tli year of his age he became a clerk in the 
store of Ripley & Freeman, enterprising merchants 
in Boston, and at the age of twenty-one established 
himself in business as one of the partners of the 
house of Freeman & Cobb. He had already become 
a hopeful Christian, and joined the Charles Street 
Baptist churcli, under the ministry of Rev. Dr. 
Sharp. The spirit of consecration of himself, his 
talents, and his possessions took strong hold on Mr. 
Cobb's mind, and he drew up the following resolu- 
tions, subscribing them with his own hand, in 
November, 1821 : 

" By the grace of God, I will never be Avorth 
over $50,000'. 

"By the grace of God, I will give one-fourth of 
the net profits of my business to chai'itable and 
religious uses. 

" If I ana ever worth $20,000, I will give one- 
half of my net profits, and if I am ever worth 
$30,000 I will give three-fourths, and the whole 
after $50,000. 

" So help me God, or give to a more faithful 
steward and set me aside. 

"N. R. Cobb." 

These resolutions Mr. Cobb, by " the grace of 
God," was enabled to keep to the letter. It was 
not long before he reached, in spite of some heavy 
losses, the outside limit of $50,000, which he had 
assigned as the sum with which he would be con- 
tent. Nine years after he was established in busi- 
ness he offered a surplus of $7500, which had 
accumulated in his hands, to found a professorship 
at Newton. To the theological institution, then in 
its infancy, he gave at different times some $15,000. 
"Although there is a group of other names asso- 
ciated with that now celebrated institution, yet 
eminent among the few whom we honor as found- 
ers that were benefactors for many years is the 
name of the young merchant of Boston, Nathaniel 
R. Cobb." 

Mr. Cobb's example, we cannot doubt, stimulated 
other men in the business walks of life to imitate 
his course of action, and did its part in bringing 
forth those generous sums which, by our Christian 
merchants, have been given to help on so many 
noble causes. He lived long enough to see some of 
the rich and ripe fruits of his benevolence, and to 
thank God that he had put it into his heart to 
render to the cause of Christ a service so acceptable. 
His death occurred May 24, 1834. 

Cobb, Gov. R. W., was born in St. Clair Co., 
Ala., the 25th of February, 1829. He is a lawyer 
of distinguished ability, an ex-officer of the Con- 
federate army, and the owner of a large interest in 



one of the iron companies at Helena, Ala., where 
he resides. He was elected to the State senate from 
the counties of Shelby and Bibb in 1872 ; re-elected 
to the senate from the counties of Shelby, Jefferson, 
and Walker in 1876, and he was elected president 
of the senate the succeeding session of the General 
Assembly. In these positions he gained great 
distinction and popularity, and he was elected gov- 
ernor of the State in 1878, and re-elected to that 
position in 1880, by the largest vote ever polled in 
Alabama for any candidate. He is a popular chief 
executive, meeting all the demands of that respon- 
sible station. His church membership is with the 
little church of Helena, after the welfare of which 
he watches with a deep and active interest. Gov. 
Cobb is a genial, sociiil, pleasant-spirited man : 
plain and unpretending, he has the power of draw- 
ing men around him in confidence and affection. 
He has been twice married, and has a most inter- 
esting family. 

Coburn, Gov. Abner, was born in that part of 
Skowhegan which was formerly Blooinfield, Jle., 
March 22, 1803. His father, Eleazar Coburn, moved 
from Dracut, Mass., in 1792, at the age of fifteen, 




GOV. ABNER COBURN. 

and was one of the early settlers in the upper Ken- 
nebec valley. He was a farmer and land surveyor. 
Soon after arriving at age, Abner, with a younger 
brother, Philander, assisted his father in surveying, 
exploring, and appi-aising the million acres known 
as the " Bingham Kennebec Purchase" for the 
Bingham heirs. They, soon after, formed a co-part- 
nership, under the firm-name of E. Coburn & 
Sons, which continued until the death of one of his 



COB URN 



239 



COCKE 



sons in 1845. The two brothers still carried on the 
business under the firm-name of A. & P. Coburn, 
till the death of Philander, in 187G. Their prin- 
cipal business was lumbering, including the pur- 
chase and sale of land, and the cutting, driving, 
and selling of logs. The company owns about 
450,000 acres in Maine, and about 100,000 in the 
West. 

Gov. Coburn has always taken a decided interest 
in politics, but has been too much engaged in busi- 
ness to be much in public life. He was a member 
of the Legislature in 1838, 1840, and 1844. a mem- 
ber of the governor's council in 1855 and 1857, 
and governor in 1863. His largest public charities 
have been $50,000 to his native county to build a 
court-house, and about $75,000 to Colby University, 
formerly Waterville College, of which $50,000 were 
for the endowment of Waterville Classical Institute. 
Gov. Coburn is characterized by a remarkable 
memory of facts, practical sagacity, and scrupulous 
integrity and good faith in business. He is a con- 
stant woi"shiper at the Baptist church, taking a 
deep interest, although not a member, in all matters 
that affect its prosperity. 

Coburn, Samuel Weston, was born in Bloom- 
field, Me., July 14, 1815. He was a graduate of 
Waterville College, now Colby University, of the 
class of 1841. He belonged to a family of great 
energy of character, his father, Eleazar Coburn, 
Esq., being one of the wealthiest and most influ- 
ential citizens of the section of the State in which 
he lived. After graduating, Mr. Coburn was en- 
gaged in business as a merchant and manufacturer 
for twelve years, and spent the remainder of his 
life on his farm. He was a consistent member of 
the Baptist church, and took a deep interest in 
educational matters in his native town for many 
years. He died July 30, 1873. 

Four brothers out of the Coburn family were 
graduates of Waterville College: Stephen (class 
of 1839), Alonzo and Samuel W. (class of 1841), 
and Charles (class of 1844). They were brothers 
of Gov. Abner Coburn. 

Cocke, Prof. Charles Lewis, was bom Feb. 
21, 1820, in King William Co., Va. He was 
trained in the schools of the neighborhood under 
Maj. Thomas Dabney and Thomas H. Fox. At 
the age of ten he entered the Virginia Baptist Sem- 
inary (Richmond College), where he remained 
more than two years, holding the position of su- 
perintendent of the grounds, the school at that 
time being conducted on the manual labor system. 
At eighteen he entered the Columbian College, and 
after two years' study graduated in 1840. While 
at college was hopefully converted, and baptized 
by Dr. 0. B. Brown into the fellowship of the First 
church of Washington, in 1839, and took at once 
a most active part in all its services. Mr. Cocke, 



before his graduation, was called to a tutorship of 
mathematics in the Virginia Baptist Seminary, 
which he held until 1846, filling at the same time 
the position of steward of the college. In 1846 he 
took charge of the Hollins Institute, at Botetourt 
Springs, Va., and by his untiring energy and tact 
he made it one of the best educational institutions 
for girls in the entire South. (See article Hol- 
lins Institute.) Female education is with him a 
sacred duty. He is striving to give to daughters 
as liberal an education as is so freely offered to 
sons, and he has .the, happiness tq know that some 
of the most accomplished and useful of the woWen 
of the South received .their education under his 




PROF. CHARLES LEWIS COCKE. 

stimulating and judicious guidance. No man in 
the country perhaps has written so many valuable 
practical articles for publication in behalf of higher 
female education as Prof. Cocke, and they have 
been instrumental in stimulating others in different 
parts of the country to aid in the organization 
of similar institutions. He has been an indefati- 
gable laborer too in all church work, acting as dea- 
con, superintendent of Sunday-schools, leader in 
prayer-meetings and meetings for church business, 
introducing new ministers into destitute regions 
beyond the Ridge, and encouraging all the benevo- 
lent organizations of the denomination. He is a 
valuable counselor in all association al meetings, 
and has repeatedly served as moderator of those 
bodies. For years previous to the war. and during 
its continuance, he took an active part in the re- 
ligious training of the colored people, and they 
greatly honor him for his labors in their behalf 



C OHO ON 



COLBY 



Gohoon, Rev. Alwood, was bom in 1843 at 
Port Medway, Nova Scotia. He was converted in 
1863 and baptized the following year. In 1871 he 
graduated from Acadia College, and in 1872 was 
ordained as pastor at Paradise, Nova Scotia. At 
the present time he has charge of a church at 
Hebron, Nova Scotia, and is corresponding secre- 
tary of the Board of Baptist Home Missions in the 
Maritime Provinces. He is a good organizer, pas- 
tor, and preacher. 

Coit, Rev. Albert, was born Oct. 1, 1837, in the 
town of Hastings, Oswego Co., N. Y. He worked 
on his father's farm until nineteen years of age, 
receiving his early education in the district schools. 



June, 1870, he assumed the pastorate of the Wells- 
ville Baptist church, where he still remains. Dur- 
ing the second seminary year Mr. Coit was em- 
ployed by the Congregational church of Brighton, 
Monroe County, to supply their pulpit, and the 
following vacation by the Rhinebeck church on the 
Hudson. It was during his period of service for 
this church that Hon. William Kelly made a public 
profession of faith and joined the church, being 
baptized by Rev. William R. Williams, D.D. 

Mr. Coit is an able preacher, of decided convic- 
tions, a thorough Baptist because of the severe dis- 
cipline which led him to become one. Still a young 
man, he commands the respect of the brotherhood 




COLBY ACADEjn 



At nineteen he began his academic studies at 
Mexico, Oswego County ; completed them at Valley 
Seminary in the same county. In 1862 he entered 
Genesee College, Lima, N. Y., and two years later 
the Junior class of the University of Rochester, 
from which he graduated in 1866, and from the 
theological seminary in 1869. His parents were 
Presbyterians, but he early in life became con- 
vinced that the Baptists were nearer the truth, and 
united with the Baptist church in Central Squ.are, 
his native village. 

While at college at Lima, he was licensed to 
preach, and while at the theological seminary 
was ordained assistant pastor of the First Baptist 
church in Rochester, to take charge of its Lake 
Avenue mission, now Lake Avenue chui-eh. In 



throughout a wide section of the State, and is a 
recognized leader in his Association. His publica- 
tions are mainly through the newspaper press. 

Colby Academy. — This institution is located in 
New London. N. H. Prof. E. J. McEwan, A.M., 
is at its head; it has four gentlemen and three 
ladies engaged in imparting instruction. Last year 
it had 93 students. It has property Avorth $175,000. 
Its endowment amounts to $94,000. Colby Acad- 
emy has been a great blessing to its numerous 
pupils, and to the families and communities brought 
under their influence. Its prospects for continued 
and increased usefulness are very bright. 

Colby, Hon. Anthony, was born in New London, 
N. H., Nov. 13, 1792. His father, Joseph Colby, 
established himself in that place in his early man- 



COLBY 



COLBY 



hood, having removed from his home in Massachu- 
setts from motives of enterprise and independence, 
which always characterized him. 

Anthony was his second son. From childhood 
he evinced great fitness for practical life. His na- 
ture was eminently sympathetic, — inheriting from 
his mother a keen discernment of character, he 
knew men by intuition. 

Having been trained in a strictly orthodox, Chris- 
tian household, and growing up amidst most im- 
pressive natural scenery, he was strong, honest, 
cheerful, and heroic. 

He married early in life Mary Everett, a lady of 
gentleness and delicacy, whose religious character 
always influenced him. 



^^^^^Sr'ff^ 




He dated his conversion at an early age, but did 
not make a Christian profession until after his 
second marriage, to Mrs. Eliza Richardson, of Bos- 
ton, who was baptized with him by Rev. Reuben 
Sawyer, in 1843, when they both joined the Bap- 
tist church of his native town, of which he had 
been for many years a faithful supporter. At this 
time his father, Joseph Colby, died, having been 
for more than fifty years a pillar in the church and 
denomination. 

Anthony succeeded him in religious responsi- 
bilities, and entertaining the same strong doctrinal 
views, did much towards consolidating the interests 
of the Baptist denomination in the State. 

Naturally intrepid, he originated and carried on 
a variety of business operations much in advance 
of his times, and fearlessly assumed the responsi- 
bilities of a leader. Identified with the militia, 



railroads, manufactures, legislative, educational, 
and religious interests of his native State, he held 
places of trust in connection with them all. He 
was major-general of the militia, president of a 
railroad, an owner of factories, an organizer of 
Conventions, a trustee of Dartmouth College, and 
in 1846 governor of the State. 

He was as active and successful in politics as in 
business. He was a personal friend of Daniel 
Webster, as his father had been with Mr. Webster's 
father before him. He was adjutant-general of the 
militia of the State during the war, both at home 
and in the field. 

He was a man of exti'aordinary kindness and 
bravery. His wit and brilliancy made him socially 
a favorite, while he was alwaj's faithful in his 
friendships, honorable and noble in every sentiment 
of his heart. 

The last work of his life was an efi'ort to establish 
upon a substantial basis the educational institution 
of his native town, to which the trustees have given 
his name. 

He died peacefully July 13, 1873, at the age of 
eighty years, in the home of his father, in which 
he always lived, and he was buried in the cemetery 
by the side of his parents. 

Colby, Hon. Charles L., a son of Gardner and 
Mary L. R. Colby, was born in 1839 at Boston High- 
lands, formerly Roxbury, Mass. He was educated 
at Brown University, and graduated in the class 
of 1858; married in 1864 to Anna S. Knowlton, 
of Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. Colby has been six years 
a resident of Milwaukee, Wis. He is the president 
of the Wisconsin Central Railroad Company. He 
was a member of the Wisconsin Legislature in the 
winter of 1880, and is a trustee of Brown Univer- 
sity. Although occupying high and responsible 
public and commercial positions requiring much 
time and labor, Mr. Colby is widely known as an 
active and earnest Christian worker. He is a mem- 
ber of the First Baptist church in Milwaukee, and 
the superintendent of its Sunday-school. His 
Christian and benevolent labors are not confined 
to his own church and denomination, but are ex- 
tended to almost every Christian work of the city 
and State in which he resides. 

Colby, Gardner, was born in Bowdoinham, Me., 
Sept. 3, 1810. The death of his father, whose 
fortune was lost in consequence of the war with 
England in 1812-15, devolved upon his mother, a 
woman of great energy of character, the care of 
three sons. To meet the Avants of her growing 
family she removed to Charlestown, Mass., and 
undertook a business which in her skillful hands 
proved successful. Having secured for himself the 
rudiments of a good education, young Colby, after 
an experience of a year's application to the grocery 
business, opened a retail dry-goods store in Boston 



COLBY 



COLBY UNIVERSITY 



when he was but twenty years of age. His energy 
and prudence were rewarded, and after the lapse 
of a few years he established himself as a jobber 
in the city, with whose business interests he was 
identified for the remainder of his life. Not con- 
fining his attention wholly to his regular business, 
he embarked in enterprises which his mercantile 
sagacity assured him would be successful. He 
was largely interested at one time in navigation, 
and was extensively engaged in the China trade. 
He made profitable investments in " South Cove" 
lands in Boston. The manufacture of woolen 
goods in his hands became very profitable, and 
during the late war he was one of the largest con- 
tractors for the supply of clothing for the soldiers 
of the Union army. In 1870 he received the ap- 
pointment of president of the Wisconsin Central 




GARDNER COLBY. 

Railroad, and gave to the great work of building 
a road, some 340 miles in length, and much of it 
through primeval forests, the best thought of his 
ever active, fertile brain. 

But, as has been well said, " Mr. Colby has been 
known chiefly by his benevolence. His gifts have 
been large and uniform and cheerful. In early 
manhood he was associated with those noble lay- 
men, Cobb and Farwell, and Freeman and Kendall, 
and the Lincolns, Ensign and Heman. He caught 
their spirit, and set a blessed example by the large- 
ness of his gifts. He began to give freely as clerk 
with a small salary, and gave liberally from that 
time to the day of his death. He gave on princi- 
ple, and no worthy claimant was turned from his 
door. His courage and hopefulness did much to 



save Newton and Waterville in dark hours, and 
his large donations stimulated others to create the 
endowments which assured the future prosperity 
of these institutions. His benefactions were lib- 
eral to Brown University and other institutions, 
and flowed in a perennial stream to the Missionary 
Union and other agencies for Christian work at 
home and abroad." His gift of $50,000 to what 
was Waterville College led to the change which 
took place in the name of that institution, causing 
it thenceforth to be known as Colby University. 
Mr. Colby was chosen a trustee of Brown Univer- 
sity in 1855, and held that office up to the time of 
his death. For many years he was the treasurer 
of the Newton Theological Institution, and he con- 
tributed most liberally to its endowment. As an 
honored and benevolent layman of the Baptist 
denomination his name will go down to jDosterity, 
and his memory be long cherished as the wise 
counselor and the generous benefactor, who lived 
and planned for the glory of his Lord and the 
highest spiritual interests of those whom he sought 
to bless. Mr. Colby died at his residence in New- 
ton Centre, Mass., April 2, 1879, aged sixty-eight 
years and seven months. 

Colby, Rev. Henry F., A.M., son of Hon. 
Gardner and Mrs. Mary L. R. Colby, was born at 
Roxbury (now Boston Highlands), Mass., Nov. 25, 
1842, and spent his childhood and youth at Newton 
Centre, Mass. In 1862 he graduated with the 
honor of the Latin salutatory of Brown University. 
After nearly a year spent abroad, he went through 
a course of study with the class of 1867 at Newton 
Theological Seminai-y ; was ordained to the work 
of the ministry as pastor of the First church at 
Dayton, 0., January, 1868, where he still remains. 

Mr. Colby has published a class poem, a poem 
before a convention of the Alpha Delta Phi Fra- 
ternity, a discussion on restricted communion, a 
memoir of his father, Gardner Colliy, and occasional 
sermons. He is closely identified with educational 
and denominational work in the State of Ohio, and 
is much esteemed both as a pi-eacher and pastor. 

Colby University. — The institution which now 
bears this name, began its existence as the majority 
of our Baptist seats of learning commenced life, in 
a very humble way. An act was passed by the 
Legislature of Massachusetts, Feb. 27, 1813, estab- 
lishing a corporation under the title of " The Presi- 
dent and Trustees of the Maine Literary and Theo- 
logical Institution," and endowing it with a town- 
ship of land, a few miles above the city of Bangor. 
It was a very good timber section, but a most un- 
suitable place in which to commence a literary 
and theological seminary. There is some reason to 
suspect, as President Champlin has suggested, that 
" it was a cunning device to defeat the whole pro- 
ject, or at least, to secure in this case, as foi-merly, 




iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiikiiiiiyiiiiiiiM^^^^^^^^^^^^ mmm 



COLBY UNIVERSITY 



COLnl 



that if the voice of John the Baptist must be heard 
at all, it should be heard only ' crying in the wilder- 
ness !' " Not thinking it worth while to attempt 
to commence an enterprise in a location where sure 
disaster and defeat would be the consequence, the 
corporation obtained the consent of the Legislature 
to start the new institution in any town in Somer- 
set or Kennebec Counties. "Waterville, now one 
of the most attractive villages on the banks of the 
Kennebec River, was the site selected. Rev. Jere- 
miah Chaplin, of Danvers, Mass., was chosen Pro- 
fessor of Theology, and Rev. Irah Chase, of AVest- 
ford, Vt., Professor of Languages, and the 1st of 
May, 1818, was the day appointed to commence in- 
struction in the institution. Prof Chaplin accepted 
his appointment, but Prof. Chase declining his. 
Rev. Avery Briggs was chosen Professor of Lan- 
guages, and commenced his duties October, 1819. 
The Professor of Theology brought several pupils 
with him, who were already in training for the 
ministerial office. 

In 1820 the Legislature of Maine, now an inde- 
pendent State, granted to the institution a charter, 
by virtue of which it was invested with collegiate 
powers, and took the name of Waterville College. 
The first elected president was Rev. Daniel H. 
Barnes, of New York, a gentleman of fine culture, 
and possessing rare qualifications for the position 
to which he was invited. Mr. Barnes declined the 
call which had been extended to him. The corpo- 
ration then elected Prof. Chaplin to the presidential 
chair, and added to the faculty Rev. Stephen Chapin 
as Professor of Theology. The first class which 
graduated was in 1820, and consisted of two per- 
sons, one of whom was Rev. George Dana Board- 
man, the story of whose missionary life is invested 
with so thrilling an interest. Mr. Boardman, im- 
mediately on graduating, was appointed tutor. 

The new institution was now fairly started on its 
career of usefulness. An academy was commenced, 
with the design to make it what it has so generously 
proved to be, a feeder of the college. A mechanic's 
shop also was erected, to furnish such students as 
wished to earn something by their personal labor 
an opportunity to do so. The academy lived and 
ripened into the vigorous, healtliy institution now 
known as the "Waterville Classical Institute." 
The mechanic's shop, after a twelve years' experi- 
ment, was adjudged on the whole to be a failure. 
Meanwhile, the needed college buildings were, one 
after another, erected. The usual experience of 
most institutions starting into life as this had done 
was the experience of Waterville College. There 
was self-denial on the part of teachers, an appeal 
in all directions for funds to carry on the enterprise ; 
struggles, sometimes, for very life; alternations of 
hope and despondency on the part of its friends ; 
but yet gradual increase of strength, growing 



ability to carry the burden of responsibility which 
had been assumed, and a deeper conviction that a 
favoring Providence would grant enlarged success 
in due time. To its first president, Rev. Dr. Chap- 
lin, it owes a debt of gratitude and respect, of which 
it never should lose sight. 

President Chaplin resigned after thirteen years 
of toil and sacrifice endured for the college, and 
was succeeded by Rev. Rnfus Babcock, D.D., who 
remained in office from 1833 to 1836. The next 
president, Rev. Robert E. Pattison, D.D., was also 
three years in office, from 1836 to 1839. His suc- 
cessor was Eliphaz Fay, who was in office from 
1841 to 1843, and was succeeded by Rev. David N. 
Sheldon, D.D., who was president nine years, from 
1843 to 1852. Upon the resignation of President 
Sheldon, Dr. Pattison was recalled, and continued 
in office another three years, from 1854 to 1857. 
His successor was Rev. James T. Champlin, D.D., 
who had filled the chair of Professor of the Greek 
and Latin Languages from 1841. His term of ser- 
vice commenced in 1857, and closed in 1873. Tlie 
present incumbent is Rev. H. E. Robins, D.D., who 
was elected in 1873. 

Colby University takes its name from Gardner 
Colby, Esq., of Boston, whose generous gifts to 
the college place him among the munificent patrons 
of our seats of learning. Its endowment is suffi- 
ciently large to meet its present necessities, but 
will need additions to it with the increasing wants 
of the institution. It may reasonably congratulate 
itself on the general excellence of its buildings, 
which are Chaplin Hall, South College, Champlin 
Hall, Coburn Hall, and Memorial Hall. The first 
two of these are dormitories of the students, the 
third contains the pleasant recitation-rooms, the 
fourth is used for the department of Chemistry 
and Natural History, and the last named, built to 
honor the memory of the alumni who fell in their 
country's service during the late civil war, has in 
its eastern wing the university library, with its 
15,000 volumes and 7500 pamphlets, and in its 
western wing the college chapel, a room 40 by 38 
feet in dimensions. The university has also an ob- 
servatory and a gymnasium. Three institutions 
in the State have been brought into close connec- 
tion with the university, — the AVaterville Classical 
Institute, the Hebron Academy, and the Iloulton 
Academy, — all these are " feeders" of the univers- 
ity. There are at present 62 scholarships, founded 
by churches or individuals, yielding from ^36 to 
$60 a year. The regular expenses which the stu- 
dent incurs are placed as low as they can reason- 
ably be put, and no really deserving young man 
will be sufi"ered to dissolve his connection with the 
university if he is in earnest to prosecute his 
studies with diligence ami fidelity. 

Cole, Rev. Addison Lewis, was born in Cuh 



COLE 



COLE 



pepper Co., Va., Feb. 9, 1831. The family moved 
to Cass Co., 111., in 1833, where he lived on a farm 
until 1858. He was converted and baptized at the 




REV. ADDISON I-. COLE. 

age of seventeen. In 1858 he entered Shurtleff 
College, 111., graduating with honor in 1862. He 
was tlien ordained, and afterwards studied theology 
at Shurtleff, graduating in 1866. He was pastor at 
Owatonna, Minn. ; Milwaukee, Wis. ; and Minne- 
apolis, Minn. Constant revivals characterized 
these pastorates. The churches grew rapidly in 
numbers, strength, and permanent influence. He 
was two years chaplain to the Minnesota senate. 
Health failing, he was unable to preach from 1871 
to 1877. From 1874 to 1877, in order to gain and 
retain health, he studied hygienic medicine ni a 
celebrated institute in New York. In 1877 he be- 
gan preaching again at St. Cloud, Minn., with his 
usual success, and in 1878 he moved to Californin, 
in response to <a call from the First Baptist church, 
Sacramento, which he served one year, and in 1879 
he assumed charge of the church at Dixon. Mr. 
Cole is secretary of the board of California Col- 
lege ; an independent thinker, a strong and vigorous 
writer, a sound tlieologian, an industrious, consci- 
entious student, a magnetic, eloquent speaker, and 
a man of marked influence among the Baptists of 
California. 

Cole, George, was born at Sterling, Conn., June 
22, 1808 ; graduated at Brown University in 1834 ; 
was Professor of Mathematics in Granville College, 
0., 1834—37; became editor of the Cross and Jour- 
nal (now Journal and Messenger), Cincinnati, 0., 
in 1838, and continued in that position nine years. 



From 1847 to 1856 engaged in business, being part 
of the time one of the editors of the Cincinnati 
Gazette; again took charge of the Journal and 
Messenger in 1856, and continued as its editor until 
1864, when failing health compelled'him to resign; 
died in Dayton, Ky., .July 14, 1868. 

Cole, Rev. Isaac, M.D., was born in Baltimore 
Co., Md., Sept. 13, 1806. He was educated for the 
medical profession, and graduated at the University 
of Maryland in 1827, after which he entered upon 
its practice in the city of Baltimore. In 1830 he 
became a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, serving as a local preacher for about fifteen 
years, and was then ordained an elder. Having 
changed his views with regard to baptism and cer- 
tun doctrinal points, he withdrew from the ]Meth- 
odibt Church by certificate, and was baptized by the 
liev Dr. Fuller, on Sept. 28, 1851, and was ordained 
Oct 5, 1851. In 1852, Dr. Cole relinquished the 
pi ictico of medicine and became pastor of the Sec- 
ond Baptist church, Washington, D. C. During 
his farst year here a new house of worship was 
iiectod, and during his pastorate 96 persons were 
Ijiptized. In 1855, Dr. Cole became pastor of the 
Noith Baptist church, Philadelphia, and during his 
stay with them, which was a little more than three 
years, the membership increased from 140 to 400. 
In 1858 he became pastor of the Thirteenth Street 
Baptist church, AVashington, and continued to act 
as such until the union of the Thirteenth Street 




and the First Baptist church took place, Sept. 25, 
1859. In 1860 he became pastor of the Lee Street 
Baptist church, Baltimore, and while there he built 



COLE 



246 



COLE 



for them a new liouse of worship, and baptized a 
large number into the fellowship of the church. 
Being urgently invited a second time to become 
pastor of the North church, Philadelphia, Dr. Cole 
accepted, and during the four years he was with 
this church upwards of a hundred persons were 
baptized. After leaving the North church he filled 
the pulpit of the Eleventh church for a time. 
From Philadelphia he went to Westminster, Md., 
and there built another house of worship for the 
denomination. Feb. 1, 1878, he became pastor of 
Second Baptist church of Washington, D. C. (the 
Navy-Yard church), where he has been very suc- 
cessful in his labors, baptizing quite a large num- 
ber, and greatly impi'oving and beautifying their 
house of worship. 

Cole, Jirah D., D.D., was born in Catskill, 
N. Y., Jan. 14, 1802. His father, though educated a 
Presbyterian, was a decided Baptist in conviction. 
The son was a subject of various impressions from 
childhood, but was finally awakened under a ser- 
mon by Rev. Howard Malcom, then a young pastor 
in Hudson, and speedily found peace in believing. 
On Sabbath, 4th March, 1821, he was baptized at 
Catskill, in company with his father and others. 
Aug. 23, 1822, having decided to prepare for the 
ministry, he entered the Literary and Theological 
Institution at Hamilton, then under the care of 
Prof. Daniel Hascall. Jonathan Wade and Eugenic 
Kincaid had just graduated in the first class sent 
out. A lively missionary spirit had been aroused, 
and a missionary society formed, of which Mr. Cole 
was chosen corresponding secretary. At that time 
it was ascertained that there were only two such 
societies in the country, one at Andover, the other 
at Auburn. He graduated in 1826, and almost im- 
mediately his active ministry began with the church 
in Greenville, N. Y. His ordination, however, took 
place at Ogden, Sept. 12, 1827, of which church he 
became pastor, and so remained until Nov. 21, 1831, 
having in the mean time baptized 57. His sub- 
sequent labors in New York were three years at 
Fredonia, several months as supply of the Second 
Baptist church of Rochester, where he baptized 
between 40 and 50, another supply of some months 
at Parma Corners, and two and a half years at 
Fablus. He then entered the service of the Mis- 
sionary Union as agent, upon the earnest .and re- 
peated solicitations of Elder Alfred Bennett, the 
first year being spent in New York, and the second 
in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. Resigning 
this agency in 1841, he served as pastor two years 
at Ithaca, N. Y., accepting then an agency for the 
Home Mission Society in Maine, New Hampshire, 
and Vermont. In 1843 he became pastor of the 
church in Whitesborough, N. Y., and remained there 
some five years, serving meanwhile also as cor- 
responding secretary of the State Convention. 



Thence to Nunda in 1848. In 1850 he was offered 
the Northwestern agency for foreign missions, his 
location to be at Cfiicago. This he accepted, con- 
tinuing in the service seven and a half years. He 
then became pastor of the church in Delavan ; in 
1860, of the church in Barry, 111., subsequent pas- 
torates being at Valparaiso, Ind. ; Galva, Cordova, 
Atlanta, Lockport, and Rozetta, 111., where he is 
now laboring with vigor and success, in spite of his 
advancing years and infirmity of health. 

Dr. Cole has rendered important service with his 
pen, not only as secretary, but as author and com- 
piler of difi'erent works. He was one of the edi- 
torial committee in preparing the memorial volume 
of the first half-century of Madison University, 
performing a large amount of valuable work. He 
had previously prepared a " History of the Rock 
Island Association." Having been appointed his- 
torian of the Baptists for the State of Illinois, he 
has, with great labor and fidelity, prepared a 
work which, although it remains in manuscript, is 
one of great value. Dr. Cole's ministry of over 
fifty years has been one of signal activity and use- 
fulness. 

Cole, Hon, Nathan, M.C., was born July 26, 
1821. His father came to St. Louis in 1821, from 




HON. NATHAN COLE, M.C. 

Seneca Co., N. Y. In 1842 he professed religion 
at Alton, and he has been a member of the Second 
Baptist church of St. Louis since 1852. He is a 
diligent student of God's Word now, and he loves 
to expound it in Sunday-schools. In 1869 he was 
chosen mayor of St. Louis, and he filled the office 
to the great satisfaction of his fellow-citizens. In 



COLEMAN 



247 



COLEMAN 



1876 he was elected president of the Merchants' 
Excliange. In the autumn of the same year he was 
sent to Congress to represent the second district 
of Missouri. He is vice-president of the St. Louis 
National Bank of Commerce. In 1863 he took an 
active part in building the first grain-elevator in 
St. Louis. Nathan Cole is a friend to the poor, 
to education, and to religion. He has given large 
amounts to sustain and advance the cause of Jesus, 
and to further public interests. He is a firm Bap- 
tist, with a large scriptural charity. Mr. Cole lias 
been sought by offices, but he aspires to no public 
position. He is one of the most enlightened, un- 
selfish, and blameless men that ever occupied a seat 
in Congress. 

Coleman, James Smith, D.D., was the only 
child of pious German parents, and was born in 




JAMI'S SMITH COLEMAN, D.D. 

Ohio Co., Ky., Feb. 23, 1827. In early childhood 
he displfiyed a great fondness for books, and being 
taught by his parents to read, he eagei-ly sought 
instruction. At the age of eleven he was converted, 
and soon after was baptized by Alfred Taylor into 
the fellowship of Beaver Dam Baptist church. In 
obtaining his education he labored under the dis- 
advantages incidental to frontier life, and at the 
age of seventeen commenced teaching school and 
attending a seminary alternately. In his fifteenth 
year he communicated to his mother the fact of his 
being powerfully impressed with a call to preach 
the gospel. This he resisted, and commenced the 
study of medicine. Abandoning this pursuit, he 
applied himself to the study of law. He was 
elected sherifiF of his county, then commissioned 



brigadier-general of the militia, but yielded to the 
irresistible convictions of duty to preach the gospel. 
He was ordained in October, 1854, and became the 
pastor of four churches, preaching mu.ch among 
the destitute with remarkable success. He rapidly 
increased in popularity and influence. In 1857 
he was elected moderator of Gasper River Asso- 
ciation, and in 1859 was chosen moderator of the 
General Association of Kentucky Baptists, hold- 
ing the position until 1873. He also served the 
General Association as State evangelist several 
years. He was called to the pastorate of the First 
church in Owensborough, Ky., in 1878, and served 
one year, during which 250 members were added 
to the church. He resigned on account of impaired 
health. He is now (1880) pastor of Walnut Street 
church in Owensborough. During his ministry he 
has baptized over 3000 persons, about 700 of whom 
were from other denominations, — pi-incipally Meth- 
odists. Among the latter may be mentioned Rev. 
W. P. Yeaman, D.D., now of Glasgow, Mo. 

Coleman, Prof. Lewis Minor, was born in 
Hanover Co., Va., Feb. 3, 1827. He was the son 
of Thomas B. Coleman, an honored citizen of Caro- 
lina County, and for several years its representative 
in the Virginia Assembly. Until the age of twelve 
young Coleman received an excellent training under 
his mother, a pious and highly-accomplished lady. 
At that period he entered Col. Fontain's school, and 
in 1841, Concord Academy, an institution of high 
grade under the charge of his distinguished uncle, 
F. W. Coleman, afterwards Virginia State senator. 
His progress here was so rapid and thorough that, 
in 1844, when only seventeen, he entered the Uni- 
versity of Virginia, and graduating in all its schools 
with distinguished honor, he took the degree of 
Master of Arts in two years. Immediately after 
graduation he professed a hope in Christ, and in 
November, 1846, was baptized into the fellowship 
of the First Baptist church, Richmond, by the Rev. 
Dr. Jeter. Soon after Mr. Coleman became an 
assistant teacher in the academy of his uncle, Mr. 
F. W. Coleman, and a few years later established, 
himself, the Hanover Academy, which soon became 
one of the very best schools of its kind in the State. 
On the death of that distinguished scholar, Dr. 
Gessner Harrison, Professor of the Latin Language 
and Literature in the University of Virginia, Mr. 
Coleman, in 1859, was chosen to fill that arduous 
and honorable position, and he adorned the chair 
which had been, for so many previous years, 
crowned with distinction. When the war broke 
out, he left the pleasant surroundings of professional 
life and the quiet of his loved home for the battle- 
field. He raised an artillery company and became 
its captain, and in 1862 was appointed major of 
artillery. At the battle of Fredericksburg, amid 
the terrible havoc find slaughter which accompanied 



COLEMAN 



248 



COLGATE ACADEMY 



it, Prof. Coleman received a wound near the knee, 
which ultimately proved fatal. For ninety-eight 
weary days he suffered the most intense physical 
agony, and at last, under the ministrations of a 
host of relatives and friends, he triumphantly fell 
asleep in the Saviour whom he loved. Prof. Cole- 
man was no ordinary person. As a man, he was 
rigidly conscientious, unaffectedly pious, and very 
liberal in his benefactions. As a scholar, his knowl- 
edge was varied and remarkably accurate. As a 
teacher, he won the regard of all, and moulded the 
rudest into symmetrical characters. As a father, a 
son, a brother, he was almost faultless ; while as a 
Christian worker, the Bible-classes for students, 
and the Sunday-school for colored children, were 
his noble monuments. 



was ordained in 1845 at North Esk ; his last pas- 
torate was at Sackville. During his ministry Mr. 
Coleman baptized over 1000 converts. He died 
March 7, 1877. 

Colgate Academy was opened in 1832 as a 
preparatory school at Hamilton, N. Y., and in 1853 
it was duly chartered as the grammar school of 
Madison University. It has not only a thorough 
classical course of three years preparatory to col- 
lege, but a general academic course in English, 
mathematics, and natural science. It has grad- 
uated about 1000, and at present numbers 103 
students. It has a principal and 6 associate teach- 
ers. A beautiful and commodious academic build- 
ing was erected in 1873 at the cost, including 
grounds, of $60,000, by James B. Colgate, of New 




COLGATE ACADEMY. 



Coleman, Rev. R. J., an early preacher in 
Arkansas, was born in Virginia in 1817 ; removed 
to Clark Co., Ark., in 1843 ; began to preach in 
1852. He supplied a number of churches near his 
home until 1858, when he settled near Pine Bluff, 
and continued to supply churches in Jefferson and 
Saline Counties until 1865, when he removed to 
Austin, where he still resides. He has served 
many of the most prominent churches of his region 
with great success. 

Coleman, Rev. William, was bom in New 
Brunswick, and he was baptized into the fellow- 
ship of the Baptist church, Portland, St. John. He 



York, in memory of whose parents it is named. It 
is 100 by 60 feet, 3 stories high, and surmounted 
by a niunsard-roof. 

AVhile the academy has its own faculty apart in 
government and discipline from that of the uni- 
versity proper, it is under the control of the cor- 
poration of Madison University, find is a part of 
the general system of education maintained by that 
board. At the time of the opening it was partially 
endowed by Messrs. James B. Colgate and John 
B. Trevor by a gift of $30,000, since increased by a 
donation of .§25,000 from Mr. James B. Colgate. 
(See, also, Madison University article.) 



COLGATE 



COLGATE 



Colgrate, James B., son of William and Mary 
Coljfate, was born in the city of New York, March 
4, 1818, and educated in the higher schools of New 
York, and in academies in Connecticut. After a 
clerkship of seven years he was for nine years in 
the wholesale dry-goods trade. In 1852, he became 
partner witli Mr. John B. Trevor, in Wall Street; 
this firm continued until 1872, when, on the re- 
tirement of Mr. Trevor, Mr. Robert Colby became 
his partner, under the firm-name of James B. Col- 
gate & Co. Mr. Colgate became a member of the 
Tabernacle Baptist church in the city of New York 
in his youth, having been baptized by Rev. Beniah 
Iloe. His residence now is in Yonkers, where the 
Warburton Avenue Baptist church, one of the best 
church edifices in the country, stands a monument 
of ills and Mr. Trevor's liberality. The greater 
part of the expense of building this house was 
borne by these two brethren. Mr. Colgate has 
been the chief benefactor of Madison University, 
and in her darkest days she has ever found in him 
not only a wise counselor, but a warm friend and 
supporter. Mr. Colgate has also given liberally to 
the University of Rochester and its theological 
seminary, to the academy at New London, N. H., 
to Peddie Institute, N. J., and to Columbian Uni- 
versity, at Washington, D. C. With all his liber- 
ality towards institutions of learning, it hardly 
surpasses that with which he cherishes needy 
churches, missionary fields, and denominational 
societies. Mr. Colgate is a man of vigorous con- 
stitution and large frame. He is an outspoken 
Baptist, of decided convictions, and he is always 
ready to defend them in private or public. In 
business circles his house is regarded as one of the 
most reliable and substantial in Wall Street, and 
in the dark days of the late civil war, the govern- 
ment found in it a power of which it might have 
been afraid, but for the incorruptible integrity and 
loyalty with which its business was uniformly con- 
ducted. 

Colgate, Mrs. Mary Gilbert, wife of William 
Colgate, was born in London, England, Dec. 25, 
1788. She came to this country in 1796. She had 
the advantages of an excellent education and was 
a woman of many accomplishments. Her marriage 
with Mr. Colgate took place April 23, 1811. A 
devout Christian, a generous and self-sacrificing 
friend, as wife and mother most tender, wise, and 
faithful, she adorned every relation. She sought 
out and relieved the poor ; she dispensed with a 
real enjoyment the liberal hospitalities of her 
home. The education of the rising ministry was 
one of the chief interests of her practical life ; not 
a vague and general care, but definite and personal, 
manifesting itself in concern for particular students, 
many of whom she made welcome guests at her 
house. In all the generous efforts for the church 
17 



and for humanity in which her husband had so 
extensive a share, she proved herself a helper 
worthy of him. She died October, 1854. 

The surviving sons of William and Mary Col- 
gate are Robert, James B., and Samuel. 

Colgate, Samuel, a son of William Colgate of 
precious memory, was born in the city of New 
York, March 22, 1822. He was baptized and be- 
came a member of the Tabernacle Baptist church 
in 1839. From that early age he has been an 
earnest worker in the cause of Christ. He suc- 
ceeded to his father's business, greatly enlarging 
it, and to his father's benevolence and interest in 
the great enterprises of the Baptists. He is a 
member of the board of Madison University, and 
a liberal patron of that institution. It is well 
known that Samuel and James B. Colgate erected 
the Colgate Academy edifice at Hamilton, an im- 
portant adjunct to the university, at an expense 
only a little short of $60,000. Mr. Colgate has 
been for several years a member of the board of 
the American Tract Society. He is president of 
the board of the New York Education Society ; he 
is also president of that famous association of New 
York, "The Society for the Suppression of Vice." 

Colgate, William, was born in the parish of 
Hollingbourn, County of Kent, England, on the 
25th of January, 1783. He was the son of Robert 
and Mary (Bowles) Colgate. 

Robert Colgate was a farmer by occupation, 
and a man of superior intelligence. He warmly 
sympathized with the American colonies in their 
struggle with the mother-country before and during 
the war of the Revolution. Hating despotism in 
every form, he hailed the triumph of the French 
revolutionists in their struggles to throw off the 
regal yoke. Political considerations constrained 
him to leave England for this country in March, 
1798. The family settled on a farm in Hartford 
Co., Md. 

William Colgate came to New York City in 
1804. He there obtained employment as an ap- 
prentice to a soap-boiler, and learned the business. 
Young as he was, he showed even then that quick- 
ness of observation which distinguished him in 
after-life. He closely watched the methods prac- 
tised by his employer, noting what seemed to him 
to be mismanagement, and learned useful lessons 
for his own guidance. At the close of his appren- 
ticeship he was enabled, by correspondence with 
dealers in other cities, to establish himself in the 
business with some assurance of success. He fol- 
lowed it through life, and became one of the most 
prosperous men in the city of New York. This 
circumstance, together with his great wisdom in 
counsel, and his readiness to aid in all useful and 
practicable enterprises, gave him a wide influence 
in the community, and especially in the denomina- 



COLGATE 



COLGATE 



tion of which he was from early life an active and 
honored member. 

Of the occurrence which led to his connection 
with that denomination he gave the following ac- 
count to the writer of this sketch. For some time 
after coming to New York, he attended worship 
with the congi-egation of the Rev. Dr. Mason, then 
one of the most eminent preachers of the Presby- 
terian Church. Writing to his father, an Arian Bap- 
tist, of his purpose to make a public profession of his 
Christian faith in connection with the Presbyterian 
Church, he stated the chief points of his religious 
belief, quoting a " thus saith the Lord" for each. 
He received a kind reply cordially approving of 
that course, and asking for a " thus saith the Lord" 
in proof of sprinkling as Christian baptism, and 




WILLIAM COLGATE. 

of the baptism of infants as an ordinance of Christ. 
Happening to read the letter in an evening company 
of Christian friends, members of the church he 
attended, he remarked on leaving them that he 
must go home and answer his father's questions. 
" Poor young man," exclaimed an intelligent 
Christian lady when he was gone, " he little knows 
what he is undertaking !" He found it so. And 
he found it equally hard to be convinced, by Dr. 
Mason's reasoning, that something else than a 
" thus saith the Lord" would do just as well. 

He was baptized in February, 1808, by the Rev. 
William Parkinson, pastor of the First Baptist 
church in New York. In 1811 he ti-ansferred his 
membership to the church in Oliver Street. In 
1838 he became a member of the church wor- 



shiping in the Tabernacle, to the erection of which 
he had himself largely contributed. 

He annually subscribed money to assist in de- 
fraying the current expenses of Hamilton Literary 
and Theological Institution, afterwai-d Madison 
University and Theological Seminary ; and he was 
among the most strenuous opposers of their re- 
moval to the city of Rochester. He was a regular 
contributor to the funds of the Baptist Missionary 
Union, and took upon himself the entire support 
of a foreign missionary. His other benefactions 
were numerous, but not such as admit of specifi- 
cation. 

Our acquaintance with Deacon Colgate com- 
menced in 1837, when he was about to resign his 
place on the Board of Managers of the American 
Bible Society. That board, following the ex- 
ample of the British and Foreign Bible Society, 
had refused to aid in printing translations of the 
Holy Scriptures by Baptist missionaries. He 
desired the writer to put in proper form his 
reasons for withdrawing from the board. In com- 
pliance with his request we prepared a full state- 
ment of the case, from the printed documents on 
both sides. The ground wavS taken that grievous 
injustice was done to Baptists by the refusal to 
aid in printing the translations of their mission- 
aries ; Baptists having freely contributed to the 
funds of the society, and given it their moral sup- 
port as managers and life-directors, without any 
dictation to missionaries employed in translating 
by other organizations represented in the society. 
The charge of denominational favoritism was fully 
proved against the society ; and the Baptist mem- 
bers of the Board of Managers withdrew from it. 

Baptists, finding that they could not expect fair 
treatment from this professedly undenominational 
body, retired from it, and formed the American 
and Foreign Bible Society, for the circulation 
of the Bible in our own and in foreign lands. 
Deacon Colgate served it as its treasurer. He was 
one of thirteen ministers and laymen who organized 
the American Bible Union in 1850, and was treas- 
urer of that society till his death. 

In 1811 he married Miss Mary Gilbert, daughter 
of Edward Gilbert ; a happy union with a partner 
of congenial spirit. 

In all domestic relations he was without fault. 
He made generous provision for his aged parents, 
for whom he pui'chased a pleasant home on a farm 
in a neighboring county, and ministered to their 
wants while they lived. His own home was made 
happy by his personal influence. Of a cheerful 
habit of mind, tempered by serious earnestness, he 
shared the playful jest and the good-humored re- 
tort, and innocent gayety felt no restraint in his 
presence. He aimed to make home pleasant, and 
the family circle the chief attraction for its members. 



COLLIER 



COLUMBIAN UNIVERSITY 



If he made any life-long mistake, it was in the 
endeavor to keep an even balance between the two 
elements of power, knowledge and wealth. He re- 
sisted the permanent endowment of the Literary 
and Theological Institution at Hamilton, while 
willingly aiding in its support by annual contribu- 
tions, and thus insuring mutual dependence. It 
was the error of his time; and his sons have since 
nobly retrieved it. 

Collier, Rev. William, was born in Scituate, 
Mass., Oct. 11, 1771. Having removed to Boston 
in his youth, he attended upon the ministry of 
Stillman and Baldwin, whose preaching led to his 
hopeful conversion. He became a member of Dr. 
Baldwin's church, and under the genial influence 
of his newly-formed love for his Saviour desired 
to become a preacher of the gospel. To fit him- 
self for this work he entered Brown University, 
and graduated in the class of 1797. He pursued 
his theological studies under Dr. Maxey, and was 
licensed to preach June 3, 1798. His ordination 
took place in Boston, July 11, 1799. After brief 
pastorates in Newport, R. I., and in New York 
City, he became pastor of the First Baptist church 
in Charlestown, Mass., and remained there for six- 
teen years, acting for a part of the time as chap- 
lain of the State prison in that city. On account 
of impaired health he was obliged to resign his 
pastorate in 1820. He was appointed " minister 
at large" in Boston, where he proved himself "a 
workman indeed," performing a vast amount of 
ministerial labor, his term of service reaching be- 
yond the seventieth year of his life. He secured 
for himself the sincere affection and respect of the 
community in which, for so long a time and so 
faithfully, he wrought for his Master. The mes- 
senger of death came to him in the midst of his 
work, and he was allowed but a brief respite from 
his labors. Suddenly smitten down, he lingered 
a few weeks and then died, March 19, 1843. 

A hymn-book, which was used somewhat exten- 
sively in Baptist churches, was compiled by Mr. 
Collier. ' He edited also the Baptist Preacher. 
He prepared for the press an edition of Saurin's 
sermons, the " Gospel Treasury," an edition of 
Andrew Fuller's works, and some other produc- 
tions. Dr. Stow says of him, " The memory of 
Mr. Collier is fragrant in this community. The 
sphere that he filled was not large, but he filled it 
well. He walked with God." 

CoUis, Rev. S. M., was born in Burke Co., 
N. C, Jan. 30, 1818 ; baptized by Rev. S. Mugan 
in August. 1838 ; ordained in June, 1844, Revs. S. 
Mugan, R. Patterson, and Peter Miller forming 
the Presbytery ; has served many churches as pas- 
tor, one of them for thirty years ; was for nine 
years clerk of the Roon Mountain Association, and 
fourteen years moderator of the same body ; a 



strong temperance man, and a great advocate of 
missions. 

Colman, Rev. James, was born in Boston, 
Mass., Feb. 19, 1794. Having completed his 
studies, he was ordained in Boston, Sept. 10, 1817 ; 
was appointed a missionary to Burmah the pre- 
vious May. He sailed from Boston, Nov. 16, 1817, 
with Rev. E. W. Wheelock, and arrived in Calcutin. 
April 15, 1818, and in Rangoon the following Sep- 
tember. He was associated Avith Dr. Judson in mis- 
sionary labor, and was his companion in the visit 
to Ava to see what could be done to secure the 
favor of the king, and toleration for the religion 
which they were trying to preach to his subjects. 
The story of this excursion is related in the first 
volume of Dr. Wayland's " Memoir of Dr. Judson," 
and the whole transaction is invested with an air 
of Oriental romance which makes it full of interest. 
The errand was a fruitless one, and the missionaries 
returned to the field of their labors, feeling that in 
God alone could they put their trust. It seemed 
desirable that a mission station should be estab- 
lished on the borders of Burmah, to which, in case 
of severe persecution, the missionaries might flee. 
Chittagong was chosen, and Mr. and Mrs. Colman 
proceeded to the place thus selected. After a brief 
residence here Mr. Colman decided to remove to 
Cox's Bazaar, that he might be brought into more 
immediate contact with the class of people whon: 
he wished especially to influence. It was an un- 
healthy village in which he had made his home. 
After a few months of unremitting labor he took 
the jungle fever, and died July 4, 1822. 

Colman, Jeremiah James, member of Parlia- 
ment for the city of Norwich, England, belongs to 
an old Baptist family well known for many years 
in that district. He became in early life a member 
of the chui-ch in St. Mary's chapel, Norwich, during 
the pastorate of Dr. Brock, and has served with 
fidelity and honor in the deacon's office for a long 
period. The firm with which he is connected gives 
employment to about 2000 persons, and does busi- 
ness with all parts of the world. He was first 
chosen a member of Parliament for Norwich in 
1871, and again at every succeeding election at the 
head of the poll. His generous interest in popular 
education was demonstrated by the erection, at his 
own cost, of an elegant and substantial school for the 
children of families employed at his works. Few 
large emploj^ers have succeeded in winning the re- 
spect and esteem of their people to a greater extent 
than the Colmans of Norwich. Mr. Colman has for 
many years rendered substantial aid to every good 
work in his neighborhood, without regard to party 
or sect, but he is equally well known for his at- 
tachment to liberal and non-conformist principles. 

Columbian University, Washington, D. C, was, 
in its origin, a direct outgrowth of the missionary 



COLUMBIAN UNIVERSITY 



252 



COLUMBIAN UNIVERSITY 



spirit. When Judson, who had graduated at Brown 
University and then at Andover Theological Semi- 
nary, and Rice, who was his associate in study, had, 
on their voyage as the first American missionaries to 
India, become Baptists, there was but one college — 
Brown University, organized in 1764 — under the 
control of the Baptist denomination. For fifty 
years from that time, down to the organization of 
the Baptist Triennial Convention, and the return 
of Rice to awaken the Baptists to the need of sus- 
taining Judson in the work of foreign missions, no 
second college and no theological seminary had 
been originated. In about ten years from that 
time, however, no less than five institutions of 
learning, which have grown into colleges and the- 
ological seminaries, were founded, at Hamilton, 
N.Y., in 1819; Waterville, Me., in 1820; Wash- 
ington, D. C, in 1822; Georgetown, Ky., in 1824; 
and at Newton, Mass., in 1825 ; while, during the 
■ next ten years, five other centres caught the same 
impulse, resulting in the founding of the Richmond 
College, Va. ; Wake Forest, N. C. ; Furman Uni- 
versity, S. C. ; Mercer University, Ga. ; and New 
Hampton Institute. N. H. There must have been 
some new and controlling sentiment that caused 
this simultaneous and wide-spi-ead movement, and 
the histoi-y of the Columbian College reveals that 
sentiment most clearly, as it was for a time the 
centre of the new interest. Luther Rice, in trav- 
eling through the country as a recent convert to 
Baptist views of Scripture truth, and having as his 
first and great object the awakening of an interest 
in foreign missions, was struck with the deep hold 
which the views he had been led to receive had 
taken on the popular mind ; while at the same 
time he found no institution whose special mission 
it was to train young men to defend those views at 
home and abroad. A thorough knowledge of the 
Hebrew and Greek languages of the original Old 
and New Testament Scriptures was, of course, in- 
dispensable for those who were to become foreign 
missionaries, and who would be called upon to 
translate the Scriptures into tongues whose vocab- 
ulary was but ill-fitited to have incorporated into it 
the great truths of the gospel. That knowledge, 
also, was of prime importance for all those who, 
as heralds of that truth at home, must be able to 
defend the faith as first given. Furthermore, it 
seemed a necessary part of the individual duty of 
those who regarded the Bible as the only rule of 
faith that they should, above all others, seek its 
meaning in the words used by the inspired writers. 
The conviction of Rice that the Baptists should 
have new centres of learning, and should found at 
least one central theological seminai-y, soon became 
common. In locating this central institution 
two ideas prevailed with Rice: first, that from 
his intimate personal acquaintance with the Bap- 



tists of the entire country the theological semi- 
nary should be located at the geographical and 
rational centre ; and, second, that the city of Wash- 
ington was the most suitable place, since, from the 
origin of the government, that place had been re- 
garded by the leading statesmen of the nation as a 
centre where promising youth from every section 
of the country could best gather for a common edu- 
cation. President Washington, in his message ad- 
dressed to Congress, Jan. 8, 1790, had urged the 
adoption of such a course, and when for seven 
years these recommendations had been neglected, 
he, ih his last message, used these emphatic words: 
" Such an institution would secure the assimilation 
of the principles, opinions, and manners of our 
countrymen by the common education of a portion 
of our youth from every quarter. . . . The more 
homogeneous our citizens can be made in these 
particulars the greater will be the prospect of per- 
manent union. ... Its desirableness has so con- 
stantly increased with every new view I have taken 
of the subject, that I cannot omit the opportunity 
of once for all recalling your attention to it." 
Presidents Jefferson and Monroe made similar 
recommendations at difi'erent times. During the 
administration of President Monroe the Columbian 
College was founded, and he, together with many 
other able statesmen of the time, among them 
John Quincy Adams, gave it their aid by written 
recommendations and by donations ; and, until the 
war in 1861, the Presidents and tlieir Cabinets, 
without exception, attended the annual commence- 
ments, thus justifying the conviction of its founders 
in the propriety of its location. 

In 1817, at the second meeting of the Baptist 
General Convention, the plan was approved. By 
the eS'orts of Luther Rice, who was appointed 
agent, grounds north of the city, extending between 
Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets, were purchased, 
and a college building, with two houses for pro- 
fessors, was erected. In 1821, the charter was ob- 
tained from Congress, and the Baptist Convention, 
which met that year in Washington, approved the 
measures thus taken. The college opened in 1822, 
and among its first officers were Dr. Stoughton, 
President; Irah Chase and Alvah Woods, Theo- 
logical Professors ; Thomas Sewall and Jas. M. 
Staughton, Medical Professors ; William Cranch 
and Wm. T. Carroll. Law Professors ; Rufus Bab- 
cock, J. D. Knowles, Thomas J. Conant, and Robt. 
E. Pattison, Tutors ; also Wm. Ruggles and Alexis 
Caswell were afterwards appointed professors. 
Among its earliest graduates were Hon. Thos. D. 
Eliot, Robt. W. Cushman, Baron Stow, Rolin R. 
Neale, and others since eminent in three profes- 
sions. At its first commencement all branches of 
the government, with Lafayette as visitor, were 
present. 



COLUMBIAN UNIVERSITY 



253 



COLUMBIAN UNIVERSITY 



The special claims of the college proper led to 
the early withdrawal of the theological professors, 
and to tlie founding, in 1825, of tlie Newton Theo- 
logical Institution by Dr. Chase. Financial em- 
barrassments soon troubled the college, and led to 
the suspension of all its departments in 1827, when, 
for a year, Wm. Ruggles, then Professor of Math- 
ematics and Natural Philosophy, alone of all its 
officers remained at his post. The Rev. Dr. 
Staughton, one of the most brilliant and popular 
of American prenchers, and attractive and inspiring 
as a teacher, after efforts to relieve and sustain the 
college which fatally impaired his health, while on 
his way to accept the presidency of the new college 
organized at Georgetown, Ky., was arrested by 
sickness at Wasliington, D. C, and died at the resi- 
dence of liis son, who had been one of the medical 
faculty. During the business troubles of this 
period Dr. Alvah Woods acted as financial agent, 
aiding Luther Rice in 1822-23, and Rev. Elon 
Galuslia, in 1826-27. In 1827, Rev. Robt. B. 
Semple, of Virginia, became president of the board 
of trustees, and financial agent, in which self-deny- 
ing service he was engaged till 1833. In 1835, 
the Rev. Luther Rice died in Edgefield District, 
S. C. For more than twenty years he denied him- 
self the comforts of home and family; rode night 
and day ; preached almost constantly ; received 
contributions for missions and for the college ; 
would take no salary; and leaving at his death 
only a horse and worn-out sulky, his last mes- 
sage, when asked what should be done with his 
scanty effects, showed the ruling principle of his 
life still dominant, as he replied, " Send them to the 
college P'' 

In 1828, Dr. Stephen Chapin was elected presi- 
dent, and the college was reopened. His adminis- 
tration continued thirteen years, — from 1828 to 
1841. Dr. Chapin was pre-eminent for those calm 
and solid qualities of mind and heart, which made 
him so instructive a preacher and teacher, and so 
patient a worker both within and without the col- 
lege; and which secured for it a gradual increase of 
students, and a final recovery from indebtedness. 

During Dr. Chapin's administration the medical 
department was sustained with Dr. Thomas Sewall 
as its head ; and the college was favored with the 
instructions of Prof. J. O'B. Chaplin and Dr. Adiel 
Sherwood, the latter, after the death of Luther Rice, 
acting as financial agent from 1836 to 1840. On 
the resignation of Dr. Chapin, the college was pre- 
sided over for nearly two years, by Prof. William 
Ruggles, when, in 1843, Dr. Joel S. Bacon became 
president, at which time, it was free from debt, but 
without endowment. Dr. Bacon brought to his 
work a genial and winning address, and a well- 
stored and inventive mind, and the patronage 
of the college was soon increased. Under his 



administration the medical department had the 
eminent services of Drs. Harvey Lindsly, Thomas 
Miller, John F. May, L. F. Gale, Grafton Tyler, 
Joshua Riley, and William P. Johnston. The col- 
lege faculty secured, first as tutor, in 1843, and then 
as professor, in 1846, the services of Prof A. J. 
Huntington, D.D., in Greek, whose connection, 
though interrupted by several years spent at two 
different periods in the charge of churches, has 
added greatly to the efficiency of the college in- 
struction. Prof. R. P. Latham was also an efficient 
officer from 1852 to 1854. From 1847 to 1849 the 
Rev. A. M. Poindexter, D.D., acted as a successful 
agent in securing the first funded endowment. In 
1851-52 the Rev. W. F. Broaddus, D.D., obtained 
subscriptions to the amount of $20,000, thus se- 
curing a conditional promise of John Withers, 
of Alexandria, Va., for a similar amount. During 
this and two succeeding administrations of the col- 
lege Col. James L. Edwards was the efficient presi- 
dent of the board of trustees. After a presidency 
of eleven years. Dr. Bacon resigned in 1854, and 
the college for another year was presided over by 
Prof. William Ruggles. In 1855, the Rev. Joseph 
G. Binney, who, after many years as president of 
the Karen Theological Seminary in Burmah, had 
become pastor in Augusta, Ga., was elected presi- 
dent. Dr. Binney brought to his office a mind of 
unusual analytical power and special educational 
skill ; and the system of instruction and the disci- 
pline of the college were made eminently efficient. 
The patronage of the college was extended, and 
had not Dr. Binney felt it to be his duty to return 
to Burmah, his administration would have proved 
still more beneficial to the institution. Dr. Binney 
was aided in the college faculty by the services of 
Drs. L. H. Steiner, John S. Newberry, and Nathan 
Smith Lincoln, in Chemistry and Natui-al History ; 
of Prof. William E. Jillson, in Rhetoric ; and of 
Prof. E. T. Fristoe, LL.D., in Mathematics and 
Natural Philosophy. The medical department had 
added to its efficient faculty during this period Drs. 
J. A. Waring, E. W. Hilgard, and N. S. Lincoln. 
After a presidency of three years Dr. Binney, in 
1858, resigned, to return to his work in Burmah. 
During 1858-59 the college was presided over by 
Prof. William Ruggles, LL.D. 

In 1859, the Rev. G. W. Samson, D.D., who had 
been elected a year previously, became president. 
The administration of Dr. Binney, as the result 
showed, had awakened a public confidence in the 
future of the college which led to three simultane- 
ous bequests made in the year 1857, — that of John 
AVithers, of Alexandria, Va., giving one-fifth of 
his estate ; that of Prof. Romeo Elton, D.D., then 
of Bath, England, giving one-half of his estate 
after other bequests ; and that of James McCut- 
chen, of Georgetown, D. C. ; these bequests being 



COLVER 



COLVER 



founded on the expectation that the foui-th presi- 
dent would retain his office, though the first two 
were given in the name oF the fifth president, who 
for about fifteen years had been an efficient trustee. 
At this juncture Prof. S. M. Shute, D.D., Prof. G. 
C. Schaeffer, M.D., and Edwin Cull M'ere added to 
the faculty, the last of whom, after one year as 
tutor and a second year as adjunct professor, closed 
his career of the brightest promise as a classical 
scholar, while pursuing his studies in Germany. 
Dr. Wm. Ruggles still acted as professor, his de- 
partment being changed to that of Political Phi- 
losophy, in which his instructions, given amid the 
excitements preceding the war, left an impression 
on the minds of the youth of both sections of the 
country never to be forgotten. The number of 
students at this time was larger than at any other 
period in the history of the college, but the war 
soon scattered them. The pi-esident, with Profs. 
Shute and Ruggles, determined, with the aid of 
tutors, to maintain college instruction during the 
progress of the war. The rental of the college 
buildings by the U. S. government met the ex- 
pense, and also canceled a debt of .§9000 incurred 
under the previous administration in maintaining 
an able faculty. The classes were small but the 
instruction was thorough, and some of the most 
successful of our younger lawyers and clergymen 
graduated during that trying period. The close 
of the war demanded a thorough readjustment of 
all the departments. At the death of Col. Edwards 
the Hon. Amos Kendall became president of the 
board of trustees. A building was given by W. 
W. Corcoran, LL.D., to the medical department; 
another was secured for a law department, in 
which a large and most efficiently conducted school 
was gathered, and the building paid for out of 
its proceeds. The college grounds were graded 
and improved ; a building for the preparatory 
school was erected ; the three legacies before men- 
tioned matured and were in part paid ; and during 
a period of six years $150,000 was added, in vari- 
ous ways, to the property of the college. Much 
of the efficiency that marked the recuperation after 
the war was due to the able co-operation of the 
board of trustees residing in Washington, among 
whom were J. C. Welling, LL.D., now president 
of the college ; Prof. Joseph Henry, LL.D., of the 
Smithsonian Institution ; W. W. Corcoran, LL.D., 
Dr. Chr. H. Nichols, and others. In 1871, after 
twelve years' service. Dr. Samson resigned and ac- 
cepted the presidency of Rutgers Female College, 
N. Y. Recently the name of the college was 
changed to the Columbian University ; and under 
the talented leadership of President Welling bright 
hopes are entertained of its future usefulness. 

Colver, Nathaniel, D.L.— Although most of 
Dr. Colver's life was spent elsewhere than in Illi- 



nois, yet his connection with important work at 
Chicago in his later years, and his death and burial 
there, render it fitting that his memorial should 
appear in this connection. Nathaniel Colver was 
born at Orwell, Vt., May 10, 1794. His father, 
Nathaniel Colver, Sr., as also his father, was a 
Baptist minister, for many years active in pioneer 
service in Vermont and Northern New York. 
While Nathaniel was stillachild the familyremoved 
to Champlain, in the northern portion of the last- 
named State, — and that continued to be their home 
until he had reached the age of fifteen. It was at 
West Stockbridge, Mass., to Avhich the fiiraily then 
removed, that he was converted, and that he de- 
cided to enter the ministry. He served as pastor 
at Clarendon, Vt. ; at Fort Covington, N. Y. ; as 
also, later, in various places farther south in the 
same State, — Kingsbury, Fort Ann, and Union Vil- 
lage. In 1839 he was called to Boston, and, in 
association with Timothy Gilbert and others like- 
minded, organized the church which then and since 
became famous as the Tremont Temple church. 
His ministry here was a remarkable One, unique in 
the history of the Boston pulpit, and scarcely 
equaled anywhere in this country at any time for 
boldness, energy, the mastery of formidable difficul- 
ties, and its hold upon popular interest. In the 
higher results of spiritual efiectiveness it was no. 
less notable. In 1852, Mr. Colver left Boston for 
South Abington, a village in the vicinity, where he 
remained as pastor until his call to Detroit in 1853. 
Here he remained until 1856 as pastor of the First 
Baptist church. At the date just named he became 
pastor of the First church in Cincinnati. While 
here the degree of Ddctor of Divinity was given to 
him by the college at Granville. Leaving Cincin- 
nati in 1861, he came to Chicago as pastor of the 
Tabernacle, now Second church. It was at Cin- 
cinnati that he first became personally enlisted in 
the education of young men for the ministry; a 
class meeting him there, steadily, in his study. At 
Chicago this work was resumed, and when the 
preliminary steps towards the organization of a 
theological seminary were taken, he was invited to 
become the professor of doctrinal theology. During 
the years 1867-70, Dr. Colver was at Richmond, 
Va., as president of the Freedmen's Institute there. 
His health failing him, in the last-named year he 
returned to Chicago, where he died on Sabbath 
morning, Dec. 25, 1870. 

With what was so marked and signal in Dr. Col- 
ver's career as a preacher must be associated his 
active share in various public movements. As 
a zealous advocate of the principles of anti-Masonry, 
as a thorough-going temperance man, as one of tlie 
foremost in the anti-slavery ranks, he was during 
much of his life identified with radical reformers, 
and one of their most conspicuous champions. As a 



COMER 



255 



COMMUNION 



preacher, he was doctrinal, fervid, and often exceed- 
ingly eloquent. His commandinc; figure, his speak- 
ing face, his melodious voice, his sparkling, resolute 
eye were physical helps in oratory of no mean 
kind. While the racy, often quaint forms of speech, 
with a certain beautiful homeliness in them, made 
him popular with the masses, cultivated people as 
well found in its simple strength an element often 
lacking in what is more finished. In his last days 
he often reviewed the incidents of his eventful 
career, and while recognizing the personal Christian 
excellence of many with whom he had differed, 
declared his unshaken confidence in the principles 
he had advocated. 

Comer, Rev. John, was born in Boston, Aug. 
1, 1704. He was the eldest son of John and Mary 
Comer. While on a voyage to England to visit his 
relatives his father died, leaving his child, then less 
than two years of age, to the care of his widowed 
mother and his grandfather, who bore the same 
name with himself. When he reached the age of 
fourteen he was placed as an apprentice with a 
glover to learn that trade. His heart, however, 
■was not in his work. He longed to obtain an edu- 
cation. Through the intercession of Dr. Increase 
Mather arrangements were made to release him 
from his apprenticeship when he was in the seven- 
teenth year of his age. He commenced at once a 
course of preparatory study, and entered Harvard 
College, and subsequently became a student in 
Yale College. While a member of Harvard Col- 
lege he became a Christian, and united with the 
Congregational church of which Rev. Nathaniel 
Appleton was the pastor. He afterwards became 
a Baptist, and was baptized by his uncle. Rev. 
Elisha Callender, Jan. 31, 1725, and united with 
the First Baptist church in Boston. Soon after he 
connected himself with the church in Boston he 
began to preach, first as a supply of the venerable 
church in Swanzey, Mass., where he remained a 
short time, and then went to Newport, R. I., where 
he was ordained as a colleague with Rev. Wil- 
liain Peckham, of the First Baptist church, in 
1726. He remained with this church not far from 
three years, and then resigned in consequence of 
his attempt to have the practice of laying on of 
hands uniformly observed by the church in the ad- 
mission of new members. The next two years 
Mr. Comer acted as a supply of the Second Baptist 
church in Newport, and then became the pastor of 
a church in the southern part of old Rehoboth, 
Mass., near to Swanzey. This church maintained 
his peculiar views on the subject of the laying on 
of hands. His connection with this church con- 
tinued about two years, and was terminated by his 
death, which occurred May 23, 1734, in his thirtieth 
year. 

Rev. Dr. Henry Jackson says of Mr. Comer, 



"He was a gentleman of education, piety, and 
great success in his profession. During his brief 
life he collected a large body of facts, intending at 
some future period to write the history of the 
American Baptist churches. His manuscripts he 
never printed, nor did he, as I learn, ever prepare 
them for publication. He was even unable to re- 
vise them, and they were, of course, left in their 
original condition. Nevertheless, he made an able 
and most valuable contribution to Rhode Island 
history. His papers were probably written about 
1729-31." From all the accounts which we have 
of Mr. Comer he gave promise of great usefulness. 
Mr. Comer was the most remarkable young man 
in the Baptist liistory of New England, and his 
early death was a calamity to the churches in that 
section of our country, suffering at the time so 
severely from Puritan persecutions, and needing so 
much his unusual talents and splendid acquire- 
ments for the marvelous prosperity, the bright day 
of which was so soon to break upon our struggling 
and hopeful communities. 
Communion, Close, or Restricted.— That the 

ordinances of the Lord's house are for his own 
children admits of no discussion ; so that in any 
case there must be some restriction. And when wo 
examine the Word of God we find believer's bap- 
tism always preceding every other Christian duty 
and privilege. When the Saviour gives his com- 
mission he orders his apostles " to teach [make dis- 
ciples of) all nations, baptizing them in the name 
of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy 
Spirit ; teaching them to observe all things what- 
soever he commanded them."' — Matt, xxviii. 10, 20. 
After faith comes baptism, then other duties and 
privileges. Baptism precedes all Christian exer- 
cises, after faith, according to Jesus. Under the 
dispensation of the Spirit the same instruction is 
imparted. When he descended on the day of Pen- 
tecost in great power, many gladly received the 
Word and " were baptized, and the same day there 
were added unto them about three thousand souls ; 
and they continued steadfastly in the apostles' doc- 
trine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and 
in prayers."— Acts ii. 41, 42. These three thousand 
are not brought to the Lord's table first after receiv- 
ing the Word gladly ; after believing, the rite of bap- 
tism is immediately administered ; then they are 
formally added to the church, and continue stead- 
fastly in the apostles' doctrine (teaching) and 
fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in 
prayers. The breaking of bread, or participation 
in tlie Lord's Supper, comes after baptism and teach- 
ing. This is the law of Christ, and the practice of the 
Spirit, his earthly representative after his ascension. 
In the book of Acts throughout, baptism follows pro- 
fessed faith imviediatehj and invariably. And as 
the cases are very numerous, and as the adminis- 



COMMUNION 



256 



COMMUNION 



trators of the baptism were generally inspired men, 
they prove that immersion should precede the Sup- 
per and all other Christian duties and privileges. 
The jailer's case significantly shows this. He and 
his household believe rejoicing in God, at " mid- 
night ;" "and he took them (Paul and Silas) the 
same hour of the night and washed their stripes, 
and was baptized, he and all his, straightway." — 
Acts xvi. 25-33. Paul does not spread the Lord's 
table for them first, but they are " straightway" 
baptized. This is the uniform record of such conver- 
sions in the Scriptures. In no instance in the Holy 
Word is it said, or even hinted, that an unbaptized 
man came to the communion. Even Robert Hall, 
the apostle of open communion, "admits, without 
hesitation, that subsequently to our Lord's resur- 
rection the converts to the Christian faith sub- 
mitted to that ordinance (baptism) prior to their re- 
ception i7ito the Christian church. As little," says 
he, " are we disposed to deny that it is at present 
the duty of the sincere believer to follow their ex- 
ample, and that supposing him to be convinced of 
the nature and import of baptism, he would he 
guilty of a criminal irregularity who neglected to 
attend to it, previous to his entering into Christian 
fellowship. On the obligation of both the positive 
rites enjoined in the New Testament, and the prior 
claim of baptism to the attention of such as are 
properly enlightened on the subject, we have no dis- 
pute."* Then, according to the brilliant preacher 
of Cambridge, Leicester, and Bristol, believers 
should be baptized before coming to the Supper, 
if "they are properly enlightened;" that is, God 
gives baptism the precedence ; for no amount of 
enlightenment or ignorance in men could give bap- 
tism a " prior claim to the attention of such as are 
pi-operly enlightened on the subject," unless God 
had bestowed the precedence upon it. And accord- 
ing to the Book of Books, open communion rests 
upon a foundation outside the boundaries of Reve- 
lation. 

Whatever may be the opinion of individuals, all 
Christian communities, recognizing baptism and the 
Supper to be binding rites, except Open Communion 
Baptists, require baptism before admission to the 
communion. This declaration is true of the entire 
history of Christianity. Speaking of the early 
Christians, the learned Lord Chancellor King, in 
his " Primitive Church," says, " The persons com- 
municating were not indiflPerently all that professed 
the Christian faith, as Origen writes, ' It doth not 
belong to every one to eat of this bread, and to 
drink of this cup.' But they were only such as 
were in the number of the faithful, ' such as were 
baptized and received both the credentials and 
practicals of Christianity.' . . . Baptism always 



■ Hall on Terms of Communion, pp. 39, 40. London, 1851. 



preceded the Lord's Supper, as Justin Martyr says, 
' It is not lawful for any one to partake of the sacra- 
mental food except he be baptized.' "f Dr. Dwight, 
a Congregationalist, and a former president of Yale 
College, says, " It is an indispensable qualification 
for this ordinance that the candidate for communion 
be a member of the visible church of Christ, in 
full standing. By this I intend that he should be 
a man of piety ; thac he should have made a public 
profession of religion, and that he should have been 
baptized."J 

The author of a Methodist work on baptism, a 
minister of some repute among his own people, 
writes, " Before entering upon the argument l)efore 
us, it is but just to remark that in one principle 
the Baptist and Pedobaptist Churches agree. They 
both agree in rejecting from communion at the table 
of the Lord, and in denying the rights of church 
fellowship to all who have not been baptized. . . . 
Their (Baptists) views of baptism force them upon 
the ground of strict communion, and herein they 
act upon the same principles as other churclies, — 
i.e., they admit only those whom they deem baptized 
persons to the communion table. ''^ Other de- 
nominations might be cited to give the same testi- 
mony, but it is needless. That baptism is a pre- 
requisite to the Lord's Supper is the law of Christ- 
endom. Open communion rests on a foundation 
outside the pale of revelation, where the unscriptural 
structure of Romanism stands, and it lives outside 
the limits of Christian creeds and denominational 
standards, with the unimportant exception already 
mentioned. 

Baptism is immersion in water, as Baptists view 
it ; and as there is but one Lord, one faith, and one 
baptism, those who have had only pouring and 
sprinkling for baptism are not baptized ; and as bap- 
tism is a prerequisite to the Lord's Supper, with both 
Baptists and Pedobaptists, we cannot invite tlie un- 
baptized to the table which Jesus has placed in our 
charge, with believer's immersion as the way to it. 

This is not a question of charity, or want of 
charity. In the edifice in which the writer minis- 
ters, besides the church, there is the congregation, 
— the unbaptized hearers. Many of tliese are con- 
verted persons, generous benefactors of the com- 
munity, believers of lovely character, dear to the 
hearts of the pastor and the church. Unbaptized 
though they are, they have a warmer place in the 
affections of their pastor than any similar num- 
ber of regularly baptized members of any one 
of our most orderly churches. They are cher- 
ished personal friends, for whom we would make 
any proper sacrifice. Yet we never think of in- 
viting them to the Lord's Supper ; they feel no slight 



t King's Primitive Church, pp. 231-32. London, 1839. 

I System of Theology. Sermon, 160. 

I F. G. Hibbard's Christian Baptism, p. 174. 



COMMUNION 



257 



COMMUNION 



from such omission. Tliey are the only persons on 
earth who have any reason to take offense. They 
have contributed largely for church purposes ; they 
love and are loved with Christian affection; and 
they know that the cause of their not being invited 
to come to the Supper is not a lack of love on the 
part of the church, but their own want of obedience. 
If we do not invite them to the table of the Lord, and 
this course shows no unkindness, there can be noth- 
ing uncharitable in giving no invitation to the com- 
munion to unbaptized strangers, though they may 
be members of honored but sprinkled religious 
communities. 

We love the Lord Jesus Christ, and we love his 
servants of every name ; and if we do not invite his 
unbaptized children in Pedobaptist churches to the 
memorial Supper, it is because we reverence the 
Lord, who has made believer's baptism the door 
into the visible kingdom, and they have removed 
it. With our venerable brother. Dr. Cone, we con- 
clude, " Nor can this course of conduct be i-ight- 
eously construed into, a breach of brotherly love 
and Christian forbearance, until it can be proved 
that we ought to love men more than we love God, 
and that the charity which rejoiceth not in in- 
iquity, but rejoiceth in the truth, requires us to 
disregard the commandments of God, and dispense 
with the ordinances of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus 
Christ." " Finally, brethren, farewell ! Adhere 
steadfastly to the doctrines and ordinances of Christ, 
as he has delivered them to us ; and as there is one 
body and one spirit, even as ye are called in one hope 
of your calling ; one Lord, one faith, one baptism, 
so we beseech you that ye walk worthy of the vocation 
wherewith ye are called, with all lowliness and meek- 
ness, with long suffering, forbearing one another in 
love ; endeavoring to keep the unity of the Spirit in 
the bond of peace r* (See articles on Open Com- 
munion, and The Lord's Supper.) 

Commimion, Open.— This practice is of com- 
paratively modern origin, and its history presents 
little to recommend it. It seems to have been a 
natural outgrowth of persecuting times, when the 
people of God were few in number and were com- 
pelled to worship in secret places ; and when the 
preservation of the fundamentals of divine truth 
made men blind to grave errors that were regarded 
as not soul destroying. In the first half of the 
seventeenth century it made its appearance in Eng- 
land. John Bunyan was its ablest defender, and 
the church of which he was the honored pastor 
illustrates the natural tendencies of the system 
by its progress backward, in adopting infant sprink- 
ling and the Congregational denomination. 

Open communion refers to fellowship at the 
Lord's table, and it has three forms, — a mixed 



■ Circular Letter of Hudson River Association, 1824, pp. 15, 16. 



membership ; occasional communion by the unbap- 
tized in a church whose entire membership is im- 
mersed ; and two churches in the same building, 
meeting together for ordinary worship, but cele- 
brating the Lord's Supper at separate times. The 
first was Bunyan's, the second is followed by Spur- 
geon, the third was the plan adopted by Robert 
Hall in Leicester. The community in Hall's 
chapel, which he called "The Open Communion 
Church," was composed of " The Congregation" 
as distinct from the church and such members of 
the church as might unite with them. On his re- 
tirement from his pastorate in Leicester, he sent 
two resignations to the people of his charge in that 
city, — one to "' The Church of Christ meeting in 
Harvey Lane," and another to " The Open Com- 
munion Church meeting in Harvey Lane."t 

In this country the mixed membership form of 
open communion had a very extensive trial, not 
in regular Baptist churches nor in regular Baptist 
Associations. At quite an early period in our his- 
tory there were communities practising immersion 
and tolerating infant sprinkling, or placing both 
upon an equal footing. No one of our original 
Associations held open communion. The annual 
or other gathering among Open Communists sim- 
ilar to an Association was called "A Conference,"! 
"A General Meeting," or "A Yearly Meeting." 
John Asplund, in giving an account of the Asso- 
ciations and other meetings of the communities 
that practised immersion, says, " The Groton Confer- 
ence was begun 1785. . . . Their sentiments are 
general provision (the Arminian view of the atone- 
ment) and open or large communion. Keep no cor- 
respondence." That is, they were not recognized 
by tlie Warren or any New England Baptist Asso- 
ciation. He speaks of a " General Meeting'^ in 
Maine, and he states that it was " gathered about 
1786. They hold to the Bible without any other 
confession of faith. Keep no correspondence. Very 
strict in the practical part of religion. Their sen- 
timents are universal provision and final falling 
from grace. "^ These people were Arminians, and 
were not in fraternal relations with Baptists. 

In the New Light revivals in New England, 
where the converted people left the Congregational 
and formed " Separate Churches," the membership 
was often equally divided between Baptists and 
Pedobaptists. They loved one another ; they were 
hated by the state religious establishment ; they 
made special efforts and sometimes solemn pledges 
that they would not slight each other's opinions. 
Open communion never had a fairer field, and yet 
it was a complete failure. Instead of promoting 
charity it broke up the peace of churches, and it 



t Hall's Works, vol. i. 125-26. London, 1851. 

t Backus's History of the Baptists, ii. 44. Newton. 

I Annual Register, pp. 48, 49. 1790. 



COMMUNION 



258 



COMSTOCK 



was finally renounced by pretty nearly all its orig- 
inal friends. Isaac Backus, the historian, while 
pastor of an open communion church at Titicut, 
was actually compelled by the malice stirred up 
by open communion to form a new organization, 
that he and his people might have peace. Hovey 
says, " If any member of the church desired to 
have his children baptized, he had permission to 
call in a minister from abroad to perform the act; 
and if any member who had been sprinkled in in- 
fancy wished to be baptized, full permission was 
granted Mr. Backus to administer the rite. More- 
over, it was agreed that no one should introduce 
any conversation which would lead to remarks on 
the subjects or the mode of baptism. . . . These 
persistent endeavors to live in peace were unavail- 
ing. For when infants were sprinkled the Baptists 
showed their dissatisfaction without leaving the 
house, and when Mr. Backus baptized certain 
members of his own church, the Congregational- 
ists would not go to witness the immersion, but 
called it rebaptizing and taking the name of the 
Trinity in vain. And when the members of the 
church met for conference they were afraid to 
speak their minds freely, lest offense might be 
given, and this fear led to an unbrotherly shy- 
ness."* For the sake of peace Backus was driven, 
Jan. 16, 1756, to have a Baptist church formed. 
And the same cause, aided by increasing light from 
the Word of God, destroyed this pernicious feature 
in nearly all the open communion bodies in New 
England. 

In Nova Scotia mixed communion was the cus- 
tom of the churches in which Baptists held their 
membership. In 1798, when the Nova Scotia As- 
sociation was formed, its churches were all on this 
platform, and some of the ministers were Pedobap- 
tists. About 1774, when one of the churches was 
destitute of a pastor, Mr. Allen had two ruling 
elders ordained, one a Baptist and the other a Con- 
gregationalist, Avith power to administer the ordi- 
nances " each in his own way, agreeably to the 
sentiments of his brethren ; but this was a short- 
lived church." In 1809, the Association passed a 
resolution that no church should be a member of 
it that permitted open communion. f And long 
since the churches of that province discarded the 
unscriptural practice altogether. The pioneer 
Baptist ministers of Ontario and Quebec were open 
communionists, and their little churches caught 
their spirit ; but to-day the Baptists of these prov- 
inces are men whose orthodoxy their brethren 
everywhere may regard with admiration. Open 
communion in England is a splendid worldly door 
for a Baptist to pass through when he wishes to 



* Hovey's Life and Times of Isaac Backus, 115-18. 
t Benedict's History of the Baptist Denomination, pp. 521, 523, 
539. New York, 1848. 



exchange the plain Dissenting chapel for the gor- 
geous State church, but it has no attraction for 
the Pedobaptist, unless a Spui'geon for a brief 
season may excite his curiosity. 

Nearly twenty years ago an open communion 
church was established in San Francisco, known as 
the Union Square Baptist church. The members 
were godly, the pastor was able, earnest, and de- 
voted. No similar experiment was ever tried 
under more favorable circumstances. But after 
testing the project for many years the discovery 
forced itself upon the pious leaders of the enter- 
prise that there was a defect in the scriptural basis 
of their church, and the pastor withdrew and sub- 
sequently united with the Regular Baptists. The 
church, at a meeting held April 28, 1880, by a vote 
almost unanimous, placed itself in harmony with 
the great Baptist denomination of the United 
States. 

Our doctrine of restricted communion is more 
generally and intensely cherished among us at this 
time than at any previous period in our history. 
Open communion is regarded as a departure from 
scriptural requirement, as an attack upon the con- 
victions of nearly all Christendom, and as a source 
of faction and discord. (See articles on Close 
Communion and The Lonn's Supper.) 

Compere, Hev. Lee, a distinguished preacher 
in Mississippi, was born in England in 1789 ; went 
as a missionary to Jamaica in 1816, but after one 
year his health compelled him to give up an inter- 
esting work. He then came to the United States 
and labored some time in South Carolina. He was 
six years at the head of the Baptist mission to the 
Creek Indians, until it was broken up by the re- 
moval of the Indians west of the Mississippi. He 
then followed the tide of emigration first into Ala- 
bama, and thence into Mississippi, and settled in 
Yazoo County. In this State he labored in various 
localities with distinguished ability until the late 
civil war, when he removed to Arkansas, and thence 
to Texas, where he died in 1871. 

Comstock, Rev. Elkanah, was the first Baptist 

minister ordained to labor in Michigan. Under ap- 
pointment of the Baptist Convention of New York 
he settled at Pontiac in 1824. He was born in New 
London, Conn., and there early became a member of 
the church. As a young man he shared in the sea- 
faring life of that noted port, among whose ship 
captains the name of Comstock is an honored one. 
He commenced preaching in 1800; was located 
first in Albany Co., N. Y., afterwards in Cayuga 
County, from whence he was appointed to Michi- 
gan Territory. His qualifications as an organizer 
and leader on the frontier were excellent. -Of 
active mind, good education, high moral and Chris- 
tian worth, rare practical wisdom, soundness in the 
faith, and fearless fidelity in advocating it, he was 



COMSTOCK 



CONANT 



a workman that needed not to be ashamed. He 
was prized as a citizen, and his home was a model 
of well-ordered Christian life. After ten years of 
devoted labor, broken in health, he visited his native 
place, only to finish there a laborious and useful 
life at the age of sixty-three years. 

Comstock, Hon. Oliver C, was born in War- 
wick, R. I., March 1, 1781. His father's family re- 
moved to Schenectady, N. Y., while he was yet a 
child. He studied medicine and practised it for a 
time near Cayuga Bridge. He was a member of 
Congress from New York six years, and while in 
this office was baptized by Rev. 0. B. Brown, of 
Washington City. He was ordained as a Christian 
minister in the same city, Feb. 27, 1819. A few 
years after he practised medicine in Trumansburg, 
N. Y. From 1825 to 1834 he was pastor of the 
First Baptist church in Rochester. Later in life he 
removed to Michigan. For four years lie was 
Superintendent of Public Instruction. He died in 
Marshall in 1859. Rev. Grover S. Comstock, mis- 
sionary to Arracan, was his son. 

Conant, Alban Jasper, was born in Vermont 
Sept. 24, 1821. He was prepared for college when 
he was fifteen years of age, and he taught school 
for some time. He took an eclectic course of study 
in the university. He visited a distinguished artist 
in New York City, and received lessons in painting 
from him. He lived in Troy twelve years. In 1857 
he came to St. Louis. He took at once position as 
an artist, and he secured the establishment of an 
art-gallery. He visited Washington, and painted 
the portrait of Attorney-General Bates and his 
family, and of Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of 
War. His best portraits are one of President Lin- 
coln and some in possession of James B. Eads. 
Mr. Conant has resided in St. Louis since the close 
of the war. Many homes there have been made 
attractive by the features of dear ones on canvas 
which he has placed within them. Prof. Conant 
occupies a high social position. His learning and 
genial disposition make him many friends. He 
is the author of the " Foot-Prints of Vanished 
Races in the Mississippi Valley," a work highly 
commended for originality and research. He is a 
curator in the University of Missouri, and he has 
lectured in it and before literary societies with 
great acceptance. He is a member of the Second 
Baptist church of St. Louis. He was baptized by 
Dr. Baldwin, of Troy, N.Y. 

While he is charmed by art he is devoted to 
Christ, the fountain of all beauty, goodness, and 
mercy. 

Conant, Ebenezer, Jr., one of the founders and 
a deacon of the Baptist church in Ashburnham and 
Ashby, Mass.,* was born in 1743, and died in 1783. 



■ Backus, History of the Baptists, 3d ed., vol. ii. p. 464. 



He was a lineal descendant, in the fifth generation, 
from Roger Conant, f founder of Salem and gov- 
ernor of Cape Ann Colony. He was a patriot sol- 
dier of the Revolution, holding an adjutant's com- 
mission from the Council of Massachusetts Bay in 
the Continental army during the first four years 
of the war. His commission, signed by James 
Bowdoin, president of the Council, and afterwards 
governor of Massachusetts, is dated the 20th day 
of June, 1776. He withdrew from the service in 
1780, with a shattered constitution, and a malady 
that proved fatal after a lingering illness of two 
years. He returned to his home wrecked in for- 
tune as in health, having lost his pay by the depre- 
ciation of the Continental currency, large sheets 
of which he brought home, and of which a hundred 
dollars would not buy him a breakfast. 

He married Lydia Oakes, of Stow, Mass., a 
woman of great strength of character, and, after 
her conversion and union with the Baptist church, 
a devoted Christian in the church and the house- 
hold. While her husband was absent in the army, 
and after his decease, she maintained family wor- 
ship, and opened her house for meetings of the 
church and for ministei's of the gospel on their 
missionary travels. 

On the birth of their first child, some years be- 
fore, not being members of the Congregational 
Church, they owned the covenant (half-way cove- 
nant) that the infiint might receive baptism. In 
the great religious awakening which followed the 
preacliing of Whitefield, his parents, who were 
members of the Congregational Church, became 
converts and disciples, or " new lights," as then de- 
risively called. He himself and his wife became 
dissatisfied with their half-way relation to the 
church, and convinced that they had no true re- 
ligion. About that time they heard the preaching 
of a faithful Baptist minister by the name of 
rietcher,J who visited Ashburnham. His preaching 
was blessed to their salvation. They were baptized 
with others, among them his aged father, and a 
small Baptist church was formed. The " covenant 
made between the Baptist brethren in Ashburnham 
and Ashby at their first coming into church order" 
is dated 1778, and is preserved in a manuscript 
volume containing his views of Christian doctrine 
and experience, a profession of faith, and other 
religious writings. The little church, having no 
stated preaching and no place of worship, met for 
religious services at his house ; where during his 
long illness, as his nephew, the late Rev. Dr. Dodge, 
of Philadelphia, informed the writer of this article, 
he was accustomed to address them with words of 



t A brother of Br. John Conant, of Kxeter College, one of the 
Westminster .\ssenibly of Divines. The family were Huguenot 
refugees. 

t Backus, History of the Baptists, 3rl ed , vol. ii. p. 53.5. 



CONAIST 



CON ANT 



instruction and encouragement from the door of 
his sick-room. 

What the little band suffered from the oppression 
of the " standing order" is told by Backus (History, 
vol. ii. 464, foot-note). The "grain" there referred 
to, as seized under authority of Law for the parish 
minister's use, was Ebenezer Conant's. But though 
poor and oppressed, they were enriched with spirit- 
ual blessings. 

His funeral sermon was preached by Father 
Case, the home missionary, long after known and 
honoi'ed in the churches of Maine. 

Conant, John, son of the preceding, was born 
in Ashburnham, Mass., in 1773 ; died in Brandon, 
Vt., in 1856. At a very early age he was the sub- 
ject of deep religious impressions, which matured 
and strengthened with the growth of years, and 
were the inspiring and controlling influence of his 
long and active life. 

These early impressions were made by the con- 
versation and prayers of Mr. Fletcher, the Baptist 
iiiinister referred to in the preceding article. 




JOHN CONANT. 

"When he came to the town," says the subject of 
this sketch, in his manuscript diary, " he was 
mocked and hooted at by the populace. Some out 
of curiosity went to hear him preach. My father 
and mother went, and were pricked in the heart." 
He was invited to their house, and became their 
guest, with permission to preach there to all who 
desired to hear. "His conversation," says the 
diary, " attracted my attention. I loved him, and 
ate his words as sweet morsels, and they were 
blessed of God for the salvation of my young soul. 



I think now that if ever I loved religion, and en- 
joyed its sweets, it was then." He was eight or 
nine years of age. 

In 1786 occurred the great revival under the 
preaching of another Baptist minister, the Rev. 
Joel Butler. " He came to our house," says the 
diary, "the place where meetings were held, and 
with him a godly man by the name of Smith. A 
meeting was notified, and the house was filled. 
The text was Genesis xix. 14 : ' Up, get you out of 
this place,' etc. The sermon was powerful, search- 
ing out all the hiding-places of professors and 
non-professors. Mr. Smit^ then rose and re- 
quested parents to allow him to address their chil- 
dren. His earnest and pathetic appeals were felt 
by all. The place seemed to be shaken, and over- 
shadowed by the Holy Spirit. A powerful revival 
followed, and many were born into the kingdom." 
The following entry in his diary is instructive, as 
characteristic of the spirit of the time : " On the 
30th day of July, 1786, the church obtained a faint 
hope for me, and I had but a faint one for myself. 
I was that day, with thirteen others, baptized and 
received into the Baptist Church, enjoying greatly 
that ordinance. I have ever since been favored, 
though unworthy, with a name and a place in the 
church of God." He was then in the fourteenth 
year of his age. 

His fiither had died after a lingering sickness of 
two years, during which his slender means were 
exhausted, leaving a wife and seven children, the 
oldest but ten years of age. A week before his 
death, the anxious mother pressed him to intrust 
some of them to dear friends who would care for 
them. " My dear wife," said he, looking up into 
her face with a smiling, joyful countenance, " I 
have already done that. I have given away all 
your children to the dearest Friend in the world." 
This prayerful consecration of them to God, says 
the diai-y, I believe was blest to the salvation of 
all his children. 

The support of the family devolved mainly on his 
mother and himself, as the oldest son, from the 
time he was eight years of age, while his father 
was absent in the army. He records in his diary 
that he was then accustomed to go into the woods 
with a yoke of oxen, cut down a young tree and 
draw it to the house. " My father," he says, 
" having left a chest of carpenter's tools, I soon 
became a proficient in carpenter and joiner work ; 
and when seventeen years of age I built a saw-mill 
for my mother, mostly with my own hands." So 
early were habits of self-reliance formed. At the 
age of eighteen he could compete with the good 
workmen of the town ; and at twenty he was pro- 
moted to be master of the interior work of the new 
church at Bolton, Mass. Finding the parish priest 
of the " standing order" a very dull preacher, he 



CONANT 



261 



CONANT 



walked five miles every Sunday to hear a Baptist 
minister. 

At the age of twenty-one, having assumed the 
responsibility of providing a home for his aged 
mother and her surviving parent, he found it neces- 
sary to seek a more productive field of enterprise. 
On a visit to his relatives in Brandon, Vt., his atten- 
tion was attracted to a waterfall, which he purchased. 
Having removed to Brandon in 1797, he constructed 
a dam and mills on the waterfall. " I soon united," 
says the diary, " with the Baptist church here ; with 
which I have always felt a sweet union, and, as I 
humbly hope, have tried to aid both in its religious 
and pecuniary interests." The feeble band met for 
a time in his rough tenement of sawn timber. In 
1800 he united with eleven others in building a plain 
house of worship of moderate dimensions, doing the 
principal part of the work. In 1802 he built a 
house for himself. " In 1832," says the diary, " I 
wished to see a better house of worship for my Bap- 
tist brethran. I thought it my duty to go forward 
in the work, and build such a house as would be 
respectable, that others might be induced to come 
and see and hear for themselves. With much toil, 
and infirmity of body, I went through this under- 
taking, strengthened all along by the belief that I 
was doing that which it was my duty to do, and for 
which no one had a like mind. I have lived to see 
the house finished, and to see the chux-ch abun- 
dantly blessed in it." He afterwards erected a large 
seminary building for a high school, under the 
direction of Baptists. For his personal use he put 
up numerous buildings, mills, stores, dwelling- 
houses, an iron-foundry, etc. ; his diary recognizing 
the good hand of God in all his labors and suc- 
cesses. 

Through life he was active in the public aifairs 
of the town and of the State. In 1801 he was ap- 
pointed a justice of the peace, and held the office 
forty years. In 1809 he represented the town in 
the State Legislature, and, with a brief interval, 
continued to do so till 1822. During the war with 
England, 1812-15, he was appointed by the na- 
tional government to assess the township for a 
direct tax. He was a member of the convention 
for revising the consticution of the State, and was 
one of the electoral college that cast the vote of the 
State for Harrison. For many years he served the 
town as one of the selectmen, and of the listers 
of ratable estate, and was postmaster of the town 
fifteen years. ' 

In 1806 lie was chosen clerk of the church, and 
served it in that office thirty-seven years. In 1818 
he was elected a deacon of the church. The re- 
sponsibilities of that office weighed heavily upon 
his mind. He could not persuade himself that he 
had the spiritual qualifications of one who serves 
at the Lord's table, and is an example to believers. 



At length he yielded to the voice of his brethren, 
and till his death, eight-and-thirty years, was a 
devoted servant in the house of his Lord. "This 
office," he says in his diary, "I have considered 
the most responsible and honorable ever conferred 
on me by man. I have always felt myself un- 
worthy to hold it, seeing as I do so much unfitness 
in myself." 

In 1794 he married Miss Charity Broughton, a 
daughter of Wait Broughton, of Pepperell, Mass.; 
" A happy union" (says his diary), " with a faithful 
partner in all the joys and sorrows of life." 

When the Board of Foreign Missions was formed 
in Boston for the support of Mr. Judson, then in 
the missionary field, they sent him a copy of tlieir 
first printed circular. He wrote on it his name 
and subscription and placed it on the front of the 
pulpit, and was ever after a regular contributor to 
the funds of the mission. 

His characteristics are well summed up by the 
Rev. Dr. Collyer in his life of the nephew of the 
subject of this sketch.* 

Conant, Thomas J., D.D., was born Dec. 13, 
1802, at Brandon, Vt. He graduated at Middle- 




THOMAS J. CONANT, D.: 



bury College in 1823. and for two years afterwards 
pursued philosophical studies under the personal 



* A Man in Earnest; Life nf A. H. Conant. By Robert Coll- 
yer, 1872. " We can see that John Conant held and nursed a sweet 
and well-toned relit;ious spirit. . . . The man was a nohle specimen 
of that sturdy, capable, self-contained nature only found in its per- 
fection in New England ; determined always to get along in the 
world, to gather property and influence, but with asolemt) religious 
clement woven through and through the business faculty. The 
sort of man most faithful, wherever he is found, in the support of 
schools, churches, and public libraries." 



CONARD 



26li 



CONE 



supervision of Prof. R. B. Patton. After teaching 
a short time in Columbian College, he accepted the 
professorship of Languages in Waterville College, 
Me. He was deeply interested in Oriental phi- 
lology, and having resigned his chair at Water- 
ville, he repaired to the vicinity of Boston that he 
might have the assistance of the learned men of 
Newton, Cambridge, and Andover, with the libra- 
ries of these centres of education, as aids in the 
study of the Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic 
languages. In 1835, he was made Professor of Bib- 
lical Literature and Criticism in the Theological 
Seminary at Hamilton, N. Y., and in 1850, he filled 
a similar chair in Rochester Seminary. While pro- 
fessor at Hamilton he spent two years abroad per-' 
fecting his scholarship in the German universities. 
For some years he has concentrated his labors on 
the revision of the commonly received English 
version of the Scriptures, chiefly in the employ of 
the American Bible Union. His first elaborate 
production was a paper on the laws of translation, 
and the subject has been a specialty with him ever 
since. In 1839 he prepared a translation of Ge- 
senius's Hebrew grammar, which he has since en- 
larged and improved, and it is still the standard 
Hebrew grammar of the schools in America and 
Europe. His first published work on the Bible 
was the revision of the Book of Job, with notes. 
It opens that wonderful poem to the pious reader 
in a way that the old version could not, so that he 
may see and admire its beauties and truths. Since 
that he has brought out many of the books of the 
Bible, not as perfect translations, but as specimens 
of work to be submitted to the criticisms of scholars. 
He has thrown great light on many obscure texts 
of the common version. It is now admitted that 
he stands in the front rank of Oriental scholars. 

It is in place here to notice that Mrs. Conant, 
daughter of Rev. Dr. Chaplin, first president of 
Waterville College, has been a fitting helpmeet to 
her husband in his literary work. For years she 
^(Wied. th& Mother^ s Journal. She translated "Lea, 
or the Baptism in Jordan," by Strauss, the court 
preacher of Berlin. In 1850-52 she translated 
Neander's practical commentaries on the epistles 
of John and James, and on Philippians. She then 
published a biographical sketch of Dr. Judson, en- 
titled " The Earnest Man," a " History of English 
Bible Translations," " New England Theocracy," 
and a " History of the English Bible." With such 
a wife to aid him in his studies it is not strange 
that Dr. Conant has accomplished so much in his 
specific field of labor. 

Conard, Rev. William H., was born at Mont- 
gomery Square, Pa., Oct. 8, 1832 ; was baptized by 
Rev. George Higgins, Jan. 1, 1855 ; graduated from 
the university at Lewisburg in 1862 ; was ordained 
September, 1862, and settled as pastor of the church 



at Davisville, Pa., where he remained fourteen 
years. Removed to Bristol, Pa., September, 1876,. 
where he remained until the summer of 1880, when 
he was called to the secretaryship of the Pennsyl- 
vania Baptist General Association. For the admin- 
istration of this office he possesses marked adap- 
tation, and he is giving to the work such an energy 
of purpose and devotion as will doubtless be pro- 
ductive of large and beneficent results. He is a 
member of the board of curators of the university 
at Lewisburg, and is actively engaged in denomi- 
national work. He is a sound and forceful preacher, 
and has been a faithful and successful pastor. 
Under his ministry a capacious and beautiful church 
edifice was built at Davisville and paid for. 

Concord Institute, located at Shiloh, Union 
Parish, La., was organized in 1876, under the 
patronage of the Concord Baptist Association, with 
a capital of $14,000, obtained in a few months by 
the labors of Rev. S. C. Lee, who was appointed by 
the Association to raise this amount. . It is con- 
ducted upon the plan of the co-education of the 
sGxes, and has proved very successful. From 100 
to 150 pupils receive instruction annually. The 
course of instruction is thorough and extensive. 
Rev. C. B. Freeman is principal, aided by a corps 
of competent teachers. 

Concrete College, Concrete, De AVitt Co., Texas, 
was organized in 1862 and chartered in 1873. It 
is a private institution, but controlled and niaiiaged 
by Baptists. It has done a good work in educating 
both sexes. Its president, J. E. V. Corey, D.D., 
and Prof. W. Thomas, A.M., are its owners, and ' 
have succeeded well in their enterprise. Its build- 
ings and grounds are worth $17,000. 

Cone, Spencer Houghton, D.D., was born in 
Princeton, N. J., April 30, 1785. His parents were 
persons of intellectual and moral worth. His father 
was a native of East Haddam, Conn., where for 
several generations the family had lived, and his 
mother was the daughter of Joab Houghton, of New 
Jersey, who was very active in the Revolution. 
She was a woman of more than ordinary excellence 
of character, being noted as a person of great 
prayer. 

At the age of eight, and while spending a little 
time with his grandfather, Spencer Cone was deeply 
convicted of sin. It was while they were in attend- 
ance upon the annual meeting at the Hopewell 
church ; but the feeling was only transient, though 
revived some twcf years afterwards, when he was 
taken by his mother to hear a sermon delivered by 
the Rev. Ashbel Green in Philadelphia. His efi"orts, 
however, were merely legal in nature, and he soon 
relapsed into his ordinary way of life. 

His health in his boyhood was not robust, and 
so it was considered wise to permit him to pass 
some time on the farm of his grandfather. The 



CONE 



CONE 



consequence was that he outgrew his former 
weakness and acquired a vigorous constitution. 
His early life was marked also by an intellectual 
development almost precocious. At twelve he en- 
tered the Freshman class of Princeton, and at once 
gained the highest esteem of faculty and students, 
the president prophesying for him a brilliant future 
as an orator. AVithout doubt, had young Cone been 
permitted to graduate, he would have left the col- 
lege bearing away its highest honors. But such 
was not to be his lot. His father became the sub- 
ject of a serious and protracted disease, and in this 
emergency Spencer was the sole hope of the family. 




SPENCER HOUGHTON CO.NE, D.D. 

With true manliness he resigned his studies at the 
age of fourteen. His first effort was unsuccessful. 
His weary journey on foot to obtain the position of 
assistant teacher was rewarded only by the knowl- 
edge that the place was filled. His second met 
with better results, and on a small salary sufficient 
only to keep them from absolute want, he labored 
for some months as teacher of Latin in the Prince- 
ton Academy, which position he resigned for that 
of master in the .school of Burlington. Though 
not sixteen, he bore himself with such propriety as 
to secure for himself the permanent esteem of all 
with whom he came in contact. 

This position was relinquished that he might ac- 
cept another with Dr. Abercombie, who had formed 
for Mr. Cone the highest regard. To fulfill his 
duties he moved his family to Philadelphia. But 
he found that an increase of salary does not mean 
an addition to comforts, for the expenses became 
enlarged and he was obliged to do something to 



supplement his insufficient salary. He resolved to 
study law, and as soon as school duties were com- 
pleted he was found reading law till far into the 
night, much to the injury of his health. 

Beyond doubt it was the question of living that 
led him to adopt the stage. His mother's wishes 
and his own taste were against it, but his magnifi- 
cent native endowment led him to foresee a speedy 
way out of his pecuniai-y difficulties, and so he ap- 
peared on the stage, July, 1805, as Achmet, in the 
tragedy of " Mahomet." He subsequently acted in 
Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Alexandria, meeting 
with great success. His own views are expressed in 
a letter written in 1810, wherein he says, " My pro- 
fession, adopted from necessity, is becoming more 
disgusting to me. I pray heaven that I may speedily 
exchange it for something better in itself and more 
congenial to my feelings. What can be more de- 
grading than to be stuck upon a stage for fools and 
clowns to gape at or criticise?" To prepare the 
way out Mr. Cone endeavored to open a school in 
Baltimore, but the proprietors of the theatre would 
not allow him to be absent from morning rehearsals, 
nor did public sentiment encourage teaching by an 
actor. This was in 1812. The same year he 
joined the Baltimore Union Artillery with the in- 
tention of enlisting in the war, but domestic con- 
siderations restrained him, and in the same year he 
entered the office of the Baltimore American as 
treasurer and book-keeper. Soon after he and his 
brother-in-law purchased and published the Balti- 
more Whig. He at once quitted the stage, and by 
his vigorous articles did much to strengthen the 
administration of Mr. Madison in the war. 

In the year 1810, an attachment had begun be- 
tween himself and Miss Sally Wallace, of Philadel- 
phia, which resulted in their marriage in 1813. In 
November of the same year he was converted to 
God. Noticing that a book sale was advertised, he 
called in to examine the works. The book which 
he first took up was one of John Newton-s ; he had 
read it while at Princeton, to his mother. Solemn 
reflections were awakened by the incident, and he 
seemed to hear a voice saying, " This is your last 
time !" His past life came before him. The day 
wore away. He sat down to the study of the 
Bible. Weeks passed in darkness, which was 
finally dispelled by reading John xiii. On Feb. 4, 
1814, he was baptized by Mr. Richards. His Avife 
afterwards was led to trust the great Saviour. 

He procured a position under the government, 
and he took his family to Washington, and trans- 
ferred his membership to the church under the 
care of Rev. Obadiah B. Brown. 

It was at this time that Mr. Cone began preach- 
ing, being desired to lead the prayer-meeting of the 
little Baptist church at the navy-yard, then pastor- 
less. Crowds at once waited upon his ministrations. 



CONFESSION 



264 



CONFESSION 



It was evident that God had intended him for the 
pulpit, and he procured a license. 

His popularity was at once recognized by the 
House of Representatives, who appointed him 
their chaplain in 1815-16. Soon after he was in- 
vited to take charge of the feeble interest at Alex- 
andria, where he labored for seven years with great 
success, and from which he came to Oliver Street, 
New York. This connection, attended with won- 
derful prosperity, was severed after eighteen years, 
and one was formed with the First Baptist church 
of New York, which ended only with his death. 

For many years Dr. Cone was the most active 
Baptist minister in the United States, and the most 
popular clergyman in America. He was known 
and venerated everywhere all over this broad land. 
In his own denomination he held every position of 
honor which his brethren could give him, and out- 
side of it men loved to recognize his worth. He 
had quick perceptions, a ready address, a silvery 
voice, impassioned eloquence, and deep-toned piety ; 
throngs attended his church, and multitudes la- 
mented his death. He entered the heavenly rest 
Aug. 28, 1855. 

Confession, The London, of 1689.— See The 
Philadelphia Confession of Faith. 

Confession of Faith, The Philadelphia.— 
The London Confession of 1689 was the basis of 
our great American Articles of Faith, and its 
composition and history are worthy of our careful 
consideration. 

It was adopted " by the ministers and messen- 
gers of upwards of one hundred baptized congre- 
gations in England and Wales, denying Arminian- 
ism." Thirty-seven ministers signed it on behalf 
of the represented churches. 

The sessions of the Assembly which framed it 
were held from the 3d to the 12th of September, 
1689. 

The Confession of the Westminster Assembly — 
the creed of all British and American Presbyterians 
— was published in 1647; the Savoy Confession, 
containing the faith of English Congregationalists, 
was issued in 1658. The Baptist Assembly gave 
their religious beliefs to the world in 1689. This 
was not the first Baptist deliverance on the most 
momentous questions. 

It was styled by its authors, " A Confession of 
Faith put fjrth by the Elders and Brethren of 
Many Congregations of Christians Baptized upon 
Profession of their Faith, in London and the 
Country, with an Appendix concerning Baptism." 
The authors of the Confession say that in the nu- 
merous instances in which they were agreed with 
the Westminster Confession, they used the same 
language to describe their religious principles. 

The Appendix to the London Confession occupies 
16 octavo pages, and the Articles 52. The former 



is a vigorous attack on infant baptism, apparently 
designed to give help to the brethren in defending 
the clause of Article XXIX., which defines the sub- 
jects of baptism as believers. Dr. Rippon gives 
the Minutes of the London Assembly which adopted 
the Confession. These include the topics discussed, 
the residences of the signatory ministers, and the 
Articles, but not the Appendix.* In addition to 
his " Narrative of the Proceedings of the Gen- 
eral Assembly," as the London Convention was 
called, Rippon issued a pamphlet edition of the 
Articles without the Appendix, with an advertise- 
ment of his Register on the cover. Crosby does not 
give it in his Confession of 1689. No one ever 
questioned the right of either to drop the Appendix. 
It was not one of the Articles, but chiefly a mere 
argument in favor of one of them. 

The Appendix has this statement : " The known 
principle and state of the consciences of divers of 
us that have agreed in this Confession is such that 
we cannot hold church communion with any other 
than baptized believers, and churches constituted of 
such; yet some others of us have a greater liberty 
and freedom in our spirits that way." This refers 
to the admission of unbaptized persons to the 
Lord's Table by some churches, and their rejection 
by others. 

Within a few years, an effort has been made in 
this country to pi-ove that our Baptist fathers of 
the Philadelphia, and other early Associations, 
practised "open communion" because of this item 
in the Appendix of the London Confession. The 
learned " strict communion" author of " Historical 
Vindications"! has contributed to this error, by 
making the grave mistake that the Appendix was 
Article XXXIII. of The Philadelphia Confession 
of Faith. And he gives as his authorities for this 
extraordinary statement the Hanserd Knollys So- 
ciety's copy of the Confession of 1689, and the 
Pittsburgh edition of The Philadelphia Confession 
of Faith. In the former, it is not placed as an 
Article, but as an Appendix. In the latter, it is 
not to be found in any form. It never appeared in 
any edition of The Philadelphia Confession of 
Faith, from Benjamin Franklin's first issue down 
to the last copy sent forth from the press. And 
this could have been easily learned from the title- 
page. In the end of the title in the Hanserd 
Knollys Society's copy of the Confession of 1689 
are the words, " With an Appendix concerning 
Baptism.'''' The portion of the title covering the 
Appendix, and the Appendix itself, cannot be found 
in any copy of our oldest American Baptist creed. 
That the honored writer acted in good faith in this 
part of his valuable work, I have no doubt ; but 
that he was led astray himself, and that he has 

* Appendix to volume i. of Rippon's Annual Kogister. 
t Historical Vindications, p. 105. 



CONFESSION 



265 



CONFESSION 



drawn others into a grave mistake, I am absolutely 
certain. 

The Appendix admits that " open communion" 
existed among the English Baptists. It does not 
assert the truth of it ; the " strict communion" 
members of the body which adopted the Confession 
would tolerate nothing of that nature. And as no 
such practice existed in the Philadelphia Association 
lohen its Confession teas adopted, or at any other 
period in its history, such an admission would have 
been destitute of a fragment of truth. The Co- 
hansie church, in 1740, sent a query to the Phila- 
delphia Association, asking if a pious Pedobaptist, 
who declined to have his children baptized, might 
come to the Lord's Table without being baptized ; 
and they wished also to know from the Association 
if the refusal of such a request would not betray 
a want of charity. The Association unanimously 
decided that the man should be refused a place at 
the Lord's Table in the Cohansie church, and that 
such action showed no lack of charity. Their 
action, and their reasons for it, read: "Given to 
vote, and passed, all in the negative. Nemine con- 
tradicente. Reasons annexed. First. It is not for 
want of charity that we thus answer. Our practice 
shows the contrary ; for we baptize none but such 
as, in the judgment of charity, have grace, being 
baptized ; but it is because we find, in the Com- 
mission, that no unbaptized persons are to be ad- 
mitted to church communion. Matt, xxviii. 19, 
20; Mark xvi. 16. Compare Acts ii. 41 ; 1 Cor. 
xii. 13. Second. Because it is the church's duty 
to maintain the ordinances as they are delivered to 
us in the Scripture. 2 Thess. ii. 15 ; 1 Coi*. xi. 2; 
Isa. viii. 20. Third. Because we cannot see it 
agreeable, in any respect, for the procuring that 
unity, upfeigned love, and undisturbed peace, which 
are required, and ought to be in and among Chris- 
tian communities.* 1 Cor. i. 10; Eph. iv. 3." 
This wise decision, supported by solid reasons, 
shows, that two years before the formal adoption 
of the Confession of 1689, as the greater portion 
of the Philadelphia Confession of Faith, the Phila- 
delphia Association was unanimously opposed to 
an " open communion" proposition. Thirty-three 
years after the Association was formed, and while 
the Confession of 1689 was " owned" as a Baptist 
creed, without the special adoption which it after- 
wards received, one of the oldest churches in the 
Association would not admit a pious Pedobaptist 
to the Lord's Supper without consulting the Asso- 
ciation. And that body voted as a unit against the 
practice. 

The declaration of the orthodox London brethren, 
in reference to themselves, could have been used 
by the Philadelpliia Association about all its 



' Minutes of Philadelphia Association for 1740. 



churches, at any period in its past history : " The 
known principle and state of the consciences of us 
all is such that we cannot hold church commu- 
nion with any other than baptized believers, and 
churches constituted of such." And hence the 
truth required the exclusion of the Appendix from 
the Confession of the Philadelphia Association. 

The London Confession of 1689, in Article 
XXVI., section 6, says, " The members of these 
churches are saints by calling, . . . and do will- 
ingly consent to walk together according to the 
appointment of Christ, giving up themselves to the 
Lord and one to another, by the will of God, in 
professed subjection to the ordinances of the gospel.''^ 
And in Article XXVIII., section 1, it says, ^^ Bap- 
tism and the Lord's Supper are ordinances of posi- 
tive and sovereign institution, appointed by the 
Lord Jesus, the only Law-giver, to be continued in 
his church to the end of the world." And in Ai*- 
ticle XXIX., section 2, it says, " Those who do 
actually profess repentance towards God, faith in 
and obedience to our Lord Jesus, are the only 
proper subjects of this ordinance ;" and in section 
4, " Immersion, or dipping the person in water, 
is necessary to the due administration of this ordi- 
nance." 

In Article XXX., " On the Lord's Supper,"! 
there is no clause giving the unbaptized authority 
to come to the Lord's Table. Their existence in 
connection with this institution is not noticed by 
a single word. And as the Articles declare that 
the members of the churches which adopted them 
lived in " professed subjection to the ordinances of 
the gospel;''' that baptism and the Lord''s Supper 
teere " ordinances appointed by the Lord Jesus, to 
be continued in his church to the end of the world ;" 
and that repentance, faith, and immersion are 
necessary to baptism, the Articles describe orderly 
believers only, who lived in professed subjection to 
the ordinances of the gospel. There is not a word 
in them which the strictest. Baptist on earth might 
not heartily receive. The men who avow that 
" The known principle and state of the consciences 
of divers of us, that have agreed in this Confes- 
sion, is such, that we cannot hold church commu- 
nion with any other than baptized believers, and 
churches constituted of such" — men like Hanserd 
Knollys and William Kiffin — were the last men to 
sign a Confession favoring "open communion." 
The Philadelphia Association, while avowing the 
most stringent "close communion" doctrines in 
1740, owned, in a general icay, the Confession of 
1689. The Charleston Association, S. C, adopted 
the London Articles, and imported two hundred 
copies of them ; and yet was restricted in its com- 



t Hanserd Knollys Society's volume of " Confessions," etc., pp. 
221, 225, 226, 244. 



CONFESSION 



CONFESSION 



munion. In 1802, in answer to a question in ref- 
erence to the consistency of Baptists inviting pious 
Pedobaptists to the Lord's Table, that body replied, 
" We cannot but say it does not apjiear to be 
consistent with gospel order.''* In England and 
America, churches, individuals, and Associations, 
with clear minds, with hearts full of love for the 
truth, and with a tenacious attachment to "re- 
stricted communion," have held with veneration 
the Articles of 1689. The Article, " On the Lord's 
Supper,'' needs safeguards, and the Philadelphia 
Confession of Faith furnishes them. 

The Philadelphia Confession of Faith is not 
THE London Creed of 1689. 

Almost every writer on this question falls into 
the mistake of supposing that it is, and he proceeds 
to prophesy evils, if he is a scriptural communion- 
ist, or he begins forthwith to whip us with the sup- 
posed liberal scourge of our fathers, if he is a free 
communionist. The London Creed has thirty-two 
Articles, and an Appendix ; the Philadelphia has 
thirty-four, and, instead of an Appendix, it has 
" A Treatise of Discipline," which was held in as 
great regard as the Confession for many years. 
Thirty-two of the thirty-four Articles in the Phila- 
delphia Confession are taken from the English 
fathers of 1689. One of the two new Articles is 
on Singing in the Worship of God, — a practice 
which it commends as a divine ordinance. This 
Article would have entirely changed the chai'acter 
of the Confession of 1689 to some of the churches 
that adopted it ; for they looked with horror upon 
such a custom. But in Article XXXI. in the new 
Confession, "O/i Laying on of Hands" the Lord's 
Supper receives its appropriate safeguards. In 
section 1 we read, " We believe that laying on of 
hands, with prayer, upon baptized believers, as such, 
is an ordinance of Christ, and ought to be sub- 
mitted unto by all such persons that are admitted to 
the Lord's Supper." 

According to the compilers of this Article, no 
man should come to the Lord's Table without bap- 
tism and the imposition of hands. It has been de- 
clared, with an air of victory, that the Philadelphia 
Confession of Faith requires no ceremonial qualifi- 
cation before approaching the Lord's Table. This 
jubilant spirit is the result of carelessness in ex- 
amining the venerable Confession : " All such per- 
sons that are admitted to partake of the Lord's Sup- 
'per" should be baptized believers, who have received 
the imposition of hands, with prayer. So that two 
ceremonial prerequisites to the Lord's Suppei- — 
baptism and the laying on of hands — are demanded 
by the Philadelphia Confession of Faith. 

The Philadelphia Confession of Faith, and 
not the English Confession of 1689, was the 

* History of Charleston Association, p. 43. 



BASIS ON WHICH NEARLY ALL THE ORIGINAL ASr 
SOCIATIONS OF THIS COUNTRY WERE FOUNDED. 

In 1742, the Philadelphia Association adopted the 
Confession which bears its name. Some deny that 
the Association ever formally adopted it ; or if it 
did they assert that we know nothing of the time 
when such action took place. This statement is 
based upon a certain amount of recognition which 
the London Articles undoubtedly received in the 
Philadelphia Association before 1742 ; and also 
upon the fact that the Association simply voted to 
^^ reprint" the London Confession. When a pub- 
lishing house resolves to reprint an English work 
now it adopts it ; it makes the work its oion. The 
Confession of 1G89, in 1742 had never been printed 
in America; the Philadelphia Association voted to 
reprint it, that is, to adopt its Articles: and they 
also added two Articles to it, and A Treatise on 
Discipline. And every copy printed since Ben- 
jamin Franklin's first edition appeared in 1743, 
beai's on its title-page, " Adopted by the Philadel- 
phia Association, Sept. 2ofh, 1742." This state- 
ment on the title-page would have been canceled 
at the next meeting of the Association after its 
appearance if it had not been true. Tlie Warren 
Association makes the same record about the date 
of its adoption ;t Morgan Edwards gives 1742 as 
the date of its adoption, on page 5 of his "Ma- 
terials towards the History of the Baptists, etc.," 
published in Philadelphia, 1770, and the act cannot 
be reasonably doubted, nor the date called in ques- 
tion. 

The Kehukee Association, founded in 1765, 
adopted the Philadelphia Confession. J The Ke- 
tockton Association of Virginia, founded 1766, 
adopted the Philadelphia Confession. | The War- 
ren Association of Rhode Island, organized 1767, 
adopted the same Confession. || The General Asso- 
ciation of Virginia received the Philadelphia Con- 
fession in 1783 with explanations, none of which 
favored "open communion. "f TheElkhorn Asso- 
ciation of Kentucky, formed in 1785, adopted the 
Philadelphia Confession.** The Ilolston Associa- 
tion of Tennessee, established in 1788, accepted the 
Philadelphia Confession. ff- The Charleston Asso- 
ciation of South Carolina was established by Oliver 
Hart in 1751, fresh from the Philadelphia Associa- 
tion, and full of admiration for its principles and 
its usefulness. It adopted the Articles of 1689, and 
a Treatise on Discipline, prepared by Oliver Hart, 
and Brethren Pelot, Morgan Edwards, and David 
Williams. This Association, though not adopting 



t Historical Vindications, p. 91. 

I Sample's History of the Baptists in Virginia, p. 338. 
§ Semple, p. 302. 

II Manning and Brown University, p. 80. 
If Semple, p. 68. 

** Benedict's General History of the Baptist Denomination, p. 82, 
tt Semple, p. 275. 



CONFESSIONS 



CONFESSIONS 



the Philadelphia Confession, followed its spirit and 
plan, and it practised "restricted communion." 

There was not one of the original Baptist Asso- 
ciations of this country that invited the unbaptized 
to the Lord's Table. Once we have seen the state- 
ment rashly made, and Asplund given as its au- 
thority, that there was one early Baptist Association 
that held " open communion,'" — evidently referring 
to the Groton Conference, Connecticut. But the 
writer omitted to state that Asplund gave an ac- 
count, in the same list of Associations, of Six Prin- 
ciple Baptists, Free-Will Baptists, and Seventh-Day 
Baptists. The " open communion" body of which 
he speaks was not composed of Regular Baptists, nor 
were the Seventh-Day brethren named by Asplund 
as members of our denomination. They did not 
assume the name of an Association, — they called 
themselves the Groton Conference. And Asplund 
says that " they keep no correspondence,^^''' — that is, 
they were not recognized as Regular Baptists. 
They neither enjoyed, nor were they entitled to, 
such recognition. 

Asplund mentions several other early Baptist 
Associations that adopted the Confession of Faith, 
— that is, the Philadelphia. But further reference 
to this question is needless. Nearly all the original 
Associations of America adopted the Philadelphia 
Confession of Faith ; and not one of these bodies 
held " open communion." There were " open com- 
munionists" outside of our organizations, when 
our early Associations sprang into life, — especially 
in New England, — whose erring judgments soon 
learned the way of the Lord more perfectly, and 
they united with Regular Baptist communities. 

If the Philadelphia Confession of Faith had been 
accepted in England, as the legitimate successor 
of the Confession of 1689, the Sti-ict Baptists of 
Norwich would never, by a just legal decision, 
have been deprived of their church edifice for the 
advantage of " open communionists." 

The Philadelphia Association never had an "open 
communion" church in its fellowship ; and it has 
repeatedly declared the practice to be unscriptural. 
Its Confession of Faith as adopted in 1742 neoer 
was repealed or modified in any of its parts. The 
latest edition is an exact reprint of the first, and 
"open communion" cannot even find a shelter in 
it. (See Appendix.) 

Confessions of Faith.— In 1611 a church of 
English Baptists, residing in Holland, adopted a 
Confession of Faith, prepared most probably by 
Thomas Helwys, their pastor. Not many months 
after the Confession was published they returned to 
their native country and settled in London. The 
Confession has twenty-six articles, and though most 
of them are thoroughly sound, others are Arminian, 



= Asplund's Annnal Register for 1790, p. 49. 



and show clearly that those who framed them were 
troubled by a defective knowledge of New Testa- 
ment teachings. 

The Confession of Faith of 1644, was adopted by 
seven London churches. It is the first Calvinistical 
creed published by our English brethren. It has 
fifty articles. The first name which appears on the 
Confession is that of the illustrious William KiflBn. 
The twenty-first article reads, " Jesus Christ did 
purchase salvation for the elect that God gave unto 
him. These only have interest in him, and fellow- 
ship with him, for whom he makes intercession to 
his Father, and to them alone doth God by his Spirit 
apply this redemption ; also the free gift of eternal 
life is given to them and none else." The thirty- 
ninth article is, "Baptism is an ordinance of the 
New Testament, given by Christ, to be dispensed 
upon persons professing faith, or that are made 
disciples, vrho, upon profession of faith, ought to be 
baptized, and after to partake of the Lord's Sup- 
per.'^ 

An "Appendix" to this Confession of Faith, 
written by Benjamin Cox, and printed in 1646, has 
twenty-two articles, a part of the twentieth of which 
reads, " The apostles first baptized disciples, and 
then admitted them to the use of the Supper; we, 
therefore, do not admit any to the use of the Supper, 
nor communicate with any in the use of this ordi- 
nance but disciples baptized, lest we should have 
fellowship with them in their doing contrary to 
order." 

The " Confession of Faith of Several Churches 
of Christ in the County of Somerset," and of some 
churches in adjacent counties, in England, was 
issued in 1656. It was signed by the representa- 
tives of sixteen churches, and it was probably 
written by Thomas Collier, who was ordained in 
1655 to the " office of general superintendent and 
messenger to all the associated churches." The 
Confession has forty-six articles; it is Calvinistic, 
Baptistic, and, consequently, thoroughly Scriptural. 

The London Confession of Faith was signed in 
the English metropolis in 1660. It was prepared 
by members of the General (Arminian) Baptist 
churches. On some disputed questions it is nearer 
the truth than the Confession of 1611, but this 
statement does not apply to its representation of 
the doctrine of final perseverance. It has twenty- 
five articles. This Confession was " owned and 
approved by more than twenty thousand persons." 

"An Orthodox Creed," published in London in 
1678, gives' another view of the doctrines of the 
General Baptists. It has fifty articles, and it is 
remarkable for its Calvinistic tone, though it came 
from a body professedly Arminian. Its mode of 
describing election, providence, free will, and final 
perseverance is in the main scriptural. The extent 
of the atonement is the only question about which 



CONGER 



CONNECTICUT 



it differed from the opinions of our orthodox 
brethren of that day. 

The Confession of 1689 was " put forth by the 
elders and brethren of many congregations of 
Christians, baptized (immersed) upon profession 
of their faith, in London and the country." It has 
thirty-two articles, and " an appendix concerning 
baptism." It is in many respects the best compi- 
lation of Christian belief ever published. After 
dropping its lengthy appendix, and inserting two 
new articles, it became, in 1742, " The Philadelphia 
Confession of Faith," and it was adopted by most 
of the early Baptist Associations of this country. 
(See article on The Philadelphia Confession 
OF Faith.) 

The New Hampshire Confession of Faith was 
written by the late Dr. J. Newton Brown while 
laboring in the State whose name it bears. It was 
prepared with a view " to pending controversies with 
the Free-Will Baptists, who are numerous there." 
Dr. Cutting says, " It has been sometimes criticised 
as aiming at the difficult task of preserving the 
stern orthodoxy of the fathers of the denomination, 
while at the same time it softens the terms in which 
that orthodoxy is expressed, in order to remove the 
objections of neighboring opponents." (Historical 
Vindications, p. 105.) We have unlimited faith in 
the goodness and sanctity of the late Dr. Brown, 
but we very much prefer the Philadelphia Confes- 
sion of Faith, so dear to our fathers, to the New 
Hampshire Creed. (For Confessions of Faith, see 
the Appendix.) 

Conger, Rev. 0. T., was born in Indiana, and 
brought up chiefly in Illinois. At the age of 
twenty-one he was converted in Iowa, during an 
extensive revival. He was called to preach soon 
after the Lord had found and saved him. 

He studied for the ministry at Burlington Uni- 
versity, and in due time was ordained as pastor of 
Edgington, 111. He labored afterwards at Winter- 
set and Malvern, Iowa, and at Lincoln and Omaha, 
Neb. He has been chaplain of the Legislature of 
Nebraska, and twice moderator of the Nebraska 
State Convention. He represented the University 
of Des Moines in the Centennial movement of 1876. 
Recently he has taken charge of the church at 
Osage, Iowa. Mr. Conger is a frequent contributor 
to the Chicago Standard, and other papers. He has 
published two books, one of which, " The Autobi- 
ography of a Pioneer," has passed through three 
editions. 

Mr. Conger is a diligent student, an industrious 
pastor, a strong Baptist, and a growing and suc- 
cessful minister. 

Connally, Rev. John Kerr, a grandson of the 
eloquent Rev. John Kerr. Col. Connally was born 
in Madison Co., Tenn., Sept. 3, 1839 ; was educated 
at the U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. ; was 



wounded when colonel of the 55th North Carolina 
Regiment at Gettysburg, losing an arm ; practised 
law in Galveston, Texas, several years after the 
war; settled in Richmond, Va., in 1867; was 
chosen senator for four years ; was brought to 
Christ by being caught in the timbers of the falling 
Capitol, and remaining for hours in suffering and 
peril ; resigned as senator, and spent some time at 
theological seminary, Greenville, S. C, and was 
ordained at Ashville, November, 1875 ; Col. Con- 
nally is missionary of the Eastern Baptist Conven- 
tion. 

Connecticut, The Baptists of.— Connecticut 
began her career with the Puritan doctrine of 
church and state. The standing order was Presby- 
terian, — now Congregational, — and held the ground 
by law until the opening of the present century. 
The new constitution, giving full freedom of con- 
science, was adopted in 1818, and the article on 
religious liberty was drawn by Rev. Asahel Morse, 
a Baptist minister from Suffield. The leaven of 
liberty was early introduced into the colony by the 
Baptists from Rhode Island, and gradually wrought 
the transformation of the State. 

The first New Testament baptisms were solemn- 
ized in Waterford in 1674, the persons uniting with 
a church in Rhode Island. A great excitement fol- 
lowed, and the Legislature was invoked to suppress 
the innovation. The first Baptist church was or- 
ganized in Groton, in 1705, by Rev. Valentine 
Weightman, a man of liberal education for his time. 
The second was formed in Waterford in 1710. A 
third was gathered in Wallingford in 1735. Three 
more were planted in 1743, — one in North Stoning- 
ton, one in Lyme, and one in Colchester. A seventh 
was formed in Saybrook in 1744. In the latter 
place " fourteen persons were arrested for holding 
a Baptist meeting, . . . tried, fined, and driven on 
foot through a deep mud (in February) to New 
London, a distance of twenty-five miles, and thrust 
into prison, without fire, food, or beds, where they 
remained, enduring dreadful sufferings, for several 
weeks." In this State, however. Baptist prin- 
ciples began to spread more rapidly on account of 
the Great Awakening, which gave birth to evan- 
gelical sentiments and to a strong party in the 
standing order, known as Separatists and New 
Lights, who appealed to the New Testament. Yale 
College took ground against the reformation and 
expelled some who favored it. The colony was in 
a ferment from 1740 to 1760. About forty separate 
churches were formed. The Separatists '' generally 
turned Baptists." Among some in this transition 
period, and for a time after, there was a mixture 
of ecclesiastical views and some experimental affili- 
ations. Baptist principles, however, eventually 
triumphed, and the standing order was greatly 
modified and mollified, and the Baptists stood forth 



CONNECTICUT 



CONNER 



in all their proper distinctness and independ- 
ence. 

The Stonington Union Association was formed 
in 1772. In the Revolution the Baptists were ar- 
dent patriots. In 1789 they counted about 30 
churches and 20 ordained ministers. The Gro- 
ton Union Conference, a mixed association of 
Baptists and Separatists, had but a temporary ex- 
istence. The Hartford Association was organized 
in 1789. In 1795 the State contained about 60 
churches, 40 ministers, and 3500 members. The 
New London Association was formed in 1817, the 
Ashford Association in 1824, the New Haven As- 
sociation in 1825, the Fairfield Association in 1837. 
In 1848 the State counted over 100 churches, and 
more than 16,000 members. The Connecticut Bap- 
tist Education Society was organized in 1819, the 
State Convention was formed in 1823, the Christian 
Secretai'y was started in 1822, the Connecticut 
Literary Institution was founded in 1833, the Con- 
necticut Baptist Social Union was formed in 1871, 
and the State Sunday-school Convention was organ- 
ized in 1877. 

Evangelization and education were early pursued 
by the denomination, and efforts have been constant 
and systematic for domestic, home, and foreign 
missions, and for Sunday-schools and a denomina- 
tional literature. Yale College to-day gladly ad- 
mits the Baptists to its halls and privileges. Truth 
has conquered its way to an open field. The pres- 
ent Baptist statistics of the State are as follows 
(given in 1879): 6 Associations, 119 churches, 
20,767 members, 1 institution of learning, 1 peri- 
odical, 1 education society, 2 Conventions, 1 social 
union, various missionary societies. 

Connecticut Literary Institution was founded 
by the Connecticut Baptist Education Society in 
SuflSeld, Conn., in June, 1833 ; opened at first in 
the old town hail ; the south building entered in 
1834 ; the institution incorporated in 1835. Prin- 
cipals : Harvey Ball, assisted by Reuben Granger, 
1833-35 ; N. II. Shailer, 1835-37 ; Julius L. Shailer. 
1837-40; C. C. Burnett, 1840-48; W. W. Wood- 
bury, 1848-56 ; H. A. Pratt, 1856-61 ; F. B. Gam- 
mell, 1861-65 ; E. P. Bond, 1865-70 ; E. Benjamin 
Andrews, 1870-72; J. A. Shores, 1872-80; Mar- 
tin H. Smith, 1880. During the first ten years 
only males were admitted : in 1843 females ad- 
mitted; in 1845 ladies' building erected; this was 
burned in 1871 ; a larger edifice was erected ; well 
equipped with library, chemical and philosophical 
apparatus ; ample corps of instructors ; young men 
fitted for colleges ; young ladies fitted for Vassar 
or Wellesley : it has a noble history. 

Conner, Champ C, D.D., the son of John 
Conner, was born in Culpepper Co., Va., March 
13, 1811, and was baptized by Rev. Cumberland 
George into the fellowship of the Broad Run Bap- 



tist church, Fauquier Co., Va., Sept. 14, 1828, and 
vei'y soon after commenced preaching the gospel, 
being in his eighteenth year. He married Ann 
Eliza Slaughter, Dec. 23, 1833, and moved to West 
Tennessee, November, 1835 ; he died at Indian 
Mound, Laudei-dale Co., Feb. 14, 1875. He was 
an able presiding officer, and when present at the 
Big Ilatchie Association and West Tennessee Bap- 
tist Convention, he was nearly always chosen to 
fill the chair ; he presided with dignity and pre- 
cision. He possessed rare talent as a minister of 
the gospel ; he was of almost unequaled elo- 
quence; he could hold his audience spell-bound for 
hours, and was an able defender of Baptist doctrine 
and practice, contending always "most earnestly 
for the faith once delivered to the saints." He was 
a " land-marker" both in faith and practice, yet, 
while he was bold and fearless in the advocacy of 
the doctrines he held, he was always courteous and 
respectful to those who differed from him. He was 
not only gifted as a preacher, but he was a man of 
extensive information about medicine and jurispru- 
dence, and also about matters pertaining to State 
and National governments. At the time of his 
decease he was the pastor of four churches, — Grace, 
Society Hill, Woodlawn, and Zion. He died in the 
field assigned by the Master, with the harness on. 
He died at his post, and left a vacancy in the de- 
nomination which cannot be easily filled. He left 
us in his sixty-fourth year, after a few days of suf- 
fering, to join the company of the redeemed. 

" Servant of G!od, nell done ; 
Best from tliy loved employ ; 
The battle fouglit, the victory won, 
Enter thy Master's joy." 

The following resolutions were adopted at a 
meeting of brethren, representing Elim, Grace, 
Ripley, Society Hill, and Woodlawn churches, held 
in the town of Ripley, Feb. 20, 1875 : 

''"Resolved, That in the death of Champ C. Conner, 
D.D., the church of Christ has lost a great and 
good man, and the community a valued citizen. 

'■^Resolved, That we bow with submission to this 
bereavement of Providence, and deeply sympathize 
with the dear afflicted family in the irreparable loss 
which they have sustained, a loss which we feel 
assured has conferred upon our brother eternal and 
glorious gain." 

Dr. Conner had attractive social qualities, a happy 
disposition, and a clear and logical mind. His 
piety increased with his years. There was more 
humility, meekness, submission, patience, and dili- 
gence in the Master's service as he advanced in 
life. He would frequently say that his work was 
almost done. His opposition to pulpit aflSliations 
with teachers of error grew and strengthened up to 
the day of his death. He was a great friend of 
missions and Sabbath-schools. Being one of the 



CONRAD 



270 



CONVEYANCES 



pioneer preachers of West Tennessee, lie had to 
meet, and combat Antinomianism in all its varied 
forms ; but he lived to see it almost extinct. Dr. 
Conner was called to preside for a term of years 
over the Baptist Female College at Hernando, Miss. 
lie was also pastor of Hernando cliurch during the 
same period. He served as pastor of the Browns- 
ville church for some time. He was a minister of 
brilliant parts. But the orator is gone ! We shall 
hear no more his earnest voice, or see the tearful 
eye ; his tongue is silent in the grave. 

Conrad, Rev. P. — One of the earliest pioneer 
missionaries in Wisconsin. He was a native of 
Wyoming Co., N. Y. Converted when a boy, he 
heard early in life the call of God to preach the gos- 
pel. He entered Hamilton Literary and Theological 
Institution at sixteen years of age, and graduated 
with honor from both departments. He came to 
Wisconsin in 1842, with a commission from the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society as mis- 
sionary for Wisconsin. He was pastor at Milwau- 
kee, Geneva, Prairie-du-Sac, Baraboo, Delton, Kill- 
bourne, Berlin, and East Troy. His great work, 
however, was accomplished as itinerant missionary 
under the direction of the State Convention or 
American Baptist Home Mission Society. There 
is hardly a town of any note in the State in which 
he did not sow the gospel seed. He was for many 
years the " missionary apostle" of Wisconsin, since 
he preached the gospel " throughout all this re- 
gion." He served the American Bible Union as 
its financial agent in the State for a short term. 
It was while on his missionary tours, preaching 
the gospel to the destitute, gathering the scattered 
sheep into churches, that he was most happy. He 
was a sound preacher, a good student of the Bible, 
exemplary in his life. He died Nov. 1, 1875, at 
Santa Barbara, Cal., where he had gone to seek 
health. It is befitting that one whose life-work 
was done in Wisconsin should have a place among 
the annals of its ministers. 

Conventicle Act, The. — This act condemns all 
persons, refusing peremptorily to come to church, 
after conviction, to banishment ; and in case of 
return, to death without benefit of the clergy. It 
also enacts, " That if any person above the age of 
sixteen, after July 1, 1664, shall be present at any 
meeting, under color or pretense of any exercise 
of religion, in any other manner than is allowed 
by the liturgy or practice of the Church of Eng- 
land, where there shall be five or more persons 
than the household, shall, for the first offense, suffer 
three months' imprisonment, upon record made 
upon oath under the hand and seal of a justice of 
the peace, or pay a sura not exceeding five pounds ; 
for the second off'ense six months' imprisonment or 
ten pounds ; and for the third oSense the offender 
to be banished to some of the American plantations 



for seven years or pay one hundred pounds, except- 
ing New England and Virginia ; and in case they 
return or make their escape, such persons are to 
be adjudged felons, and siijfer death without benefit 
of clei-gy. Sheriffs, or justices of the peace, or 
others commissioned by them, are empowered to 
dissolve, dissipate, and break up all unlawful con- 
venticles, and to take into custody such of their 
number as they think fit. They who suffer such 
conventicles in their houses or barns are liable to 
the same forfeitures as other offenders. The pros- 
ecution is to be within three months. Married 
women taken at conventicles are to be imprisoned 
for twelve months, unless their husbands pay forty 
shillings for their redemption." No scourge could 
create a greater panic among Dissenters in England 
than the Conventicle Act, and the havoc it made 
among them was dreadful. Informers abounded, 
and the prisons groaned with persecuted Baptists 
and others. Some conformed occasionally to Episco- 
pal worship ; but the Baptists were enthusiastic 
and resolute, and suffered the loss of goods and 
of liberty, and many of them died in prison. But 
no acts of Parliament could suppress the truth of 
God, and the sufferings of saints planted seed in 
new hearts. 
Conveyances of Real Estate for Church 

Uses. — Conveyances, according to an old British 
statute called the " Statute of Frauds," in some 
form are in force universally in this country. Evei-y 
transfer of land must be made in writing and signed 
by the grantor. A gift of land for church purposes 
must therefore be in writing, and legally signed and 
witnessed, or it is not binding. There are also 
statutes in many of the States of the Union re- 
quiring all gifts for charities (and all religious uses 
are charities) to be made within a certain time, 
varying from one to six months, before the death 
of' the giver, and this applies whether the gift be 
made by deed or will. Such gifts must also be 
signed in presence of two or more subscribing wit- 
nesses. The pious intentions of persons who wished 
to dedicate a portion of their wealth to the service 
of Gi)d have been frustrated and disappointed by 
a failure to attend to these formalities. In convey- 
ing property to a church just formed, great care 
should be exercised and competent legal advice 
taken, when practicable, to have the deed made and 
executed in legal form. Where the property is 
bought before the church is organized and chartered, 
the conveyance may be made to certain persons 
chosen as trustees to hold it until a charter can be 
procured ; but if afterwards the society changes 
the trustees the title does not, as a general rule, 
follow the change, but remains in the old trustees. 
Such a trust, however, will always be enforced by 
the courts, and the trustees compelled to hold and 
convey the property so as to carry out fully the 



COOK 



271 



COOK 



trust. "Where a church owns property it should 
procure a charter without delay, and have the title 
legally conveyed to the corporation or trustees of 
tlie church. The general rule of law is that an 
unincorporated society cannot take and hold prop- 
erty in its own name ; but in many of the States 
great indulgence is shown to religious societies as 
charitable institutions, and conveyances and de- 
vises to them are sustained on that ground, which 
would not otherwise be valid. In the States bor- 
dering on the Atlantic coast many unincorporated 
churches and religious societies received and used 
property acquired by theiu for their proper pur- 
poses in early times before the laws with regard to 
incorporations became generally known, and the 
usage thus established has become the foundation 
of the law on this subject in those States and in 
many others. 



the same year the board of trustees organized under 
the charter by the appointment of the following 
officers, viz. : President, Elbert W. Cook ; Secretary, 
Rev. Joel Hendrick ; Treasurer, Elbert P. Cook, 
Esq. These officers have held their respective po- 
sitions to the present time. 

The purpose of Col. Cook is expressed in the 
'following words : " I would found a purely classi- 
cal, literary, and scientific institution, and place it 
on a firm basis and under Christian influences. I 
desire a school of the first class, but I do not desire 
a godless school. I would establish in connection 
with the institution a thorough classical course, so 
that young gentlemen, and young ladies also, can 
prepare themselves for entering college in the most 
complete and thorough manner. I am desirous 
that this department shall take the highest rank in 
the preparation of students for college. I would 




COOK ACADEMY. HAVANA, SCHUYLER CO., N. Y. 



Cook Academy, If, Y. — This institution i.s lo- 
cated in the village of Havana, Schuyler Co., N. Y., 
and had its origin in a proposition of Col. E. W. 
Cook to the New York Baptist State Convention 
in 1870. He tendered to the Convention the mag- 
nificent property previously known as the People's 
College, valued at S123.000, on condition that it 
should be thoroughly equipped and well supported. 

The property was purchased by Col. Cook, trans- 
ferred to the persons named as trustees, and the 
charter obtained in August, 1872. In October of 



have also a thorough literary and scientific course, 
in which young gentlemen and ladies not intending 
to advance to higher institutions may obtain a 
thorough education, second only to a collegiate one. 
I am greatly desirous that the academy shall always 
be accessible to students of limited means." 

In full sympathy with this expressed purpose 
the school was opened in September, 1873, h.aving 
a faculty of eight teachers, with Charles Fairman, 
LL.D., late of Shurtleff College, 111., as principal. 
The average number of pupils the first year was 



COOK 



COOK 



101; second year, 139; third year, 154; fourth 
year, 163 ; fifth year, 170. A healthful religious 
atmosphere has prevailed in the school from the 
bej^inning. About 40 conversions occurred among 
the students the first year, and about 120 during 
the first four years. 

As a literary institution it now ranks among the 
best of its kind in the State, but the trustees desire 
to increase its facilities by endowments, and by 
additions to its library and apparatus. 

Cook, Hon. C. M., was born in Franklin County 
in 1844. He was educated at Wake Forest College. 
He was adjutant of the 55th N. C. Regiment in the 
late war, and was severely wounded in the last 
battles around Richmond. He began the practice 
of law in 1868. He has repeatedly represented his 
disti-ict in the Legislature, and he was president of 
the Baptist State Convention during the session of 
1876. Mr. Cook is a good Sunday-school worker 
and a devout Christian. 

Cook, J. F., LL.B., was born in Shelby Co., 
Ky., in 1837. He made a profession of religion 
when twelve years of age. Prepared for college 
at the Fayette High School in Howard Co., Mo. 
He entered Georgetown College in 1855, and grad- 
uated in 1858, and was ordained to the ministry in 
the same year. 

He took the presidency of the La Grange College 
in 1866. During his administration the institution 
has constantly gained in finances <and character. 
He is a fine scholar and an excellent teacher, and 
while he rules his school he has the love of all his 
students, and he is highly esteemed by all who 
know him. He is gentle and yet firm, modest and 
yet dignified. Pie exerts a happy influence over 
all that enjoy his society. He is making numerous 
pillars to support our great republic with wisdom 
and honor in coming days. 

Cook, Rev. Richard Briscoe, was born in 
Baltimore, Md., Nov. 11, 1838. After receiving 
an elementary education in the public schools and 
in the academy of the Newton University of his 
native city, he entered mercantile life, and spent 
five years in the counting-room and store. At his 
conversion he was baptized by the Rev. Dr. Fuller, 
April 12, 1857, and received into the fellowship of 
the Seventh Baptist church, Baltimore, of which 
he became an active member. At the earnest so- 
licitation of Dr. Fuller he gave up his position in 
the mercantile house, and in 1859 entered the Co- 
lumbian College, to prepare himself for the work of 
the ministry. In the Junior year of his course he 
received the Davis prize medal for elocution, and 
in 1863 graduated with the degree of A. B., sharing 
with one other the highest honors of the class. Af- 
ter his graduation he was chosen tutor in Greek 
in the college, in which position he served during 
1863-64. The degree of A.M. in course was con- 



ferred upon him in 1866. He took a private course 
in theology, mainly under the supervision of the 
Rev. Dr. Samson ; was licensed to preach by the 
Seventh Baptist church, Baltimore, and was or- 
dained by a council called by the same church in 
October, 1864, Rev. Drs. Fuller, Samson, Wilson, 
and others officiating. Immediately after, he was 




engaged to supply the pulpit of the Baptist church 
at Holmesburg, Philadelphia, and eventually be- 
came its pastor. On the 2d of April following, the 
meeting-house, which was a rude-looking building, 
was destroyed by fire, and there was erected in its 
stead a handsome brownstone edifice, costing up- 
wards of $22,000, which, in 1867, witiiin two years 
and a half after the fire, was dedicated, free of debt. 
The church had prospered so much in the mean 
time, that a few years afterwards a neat chapel 
was also erected in Byberry for mission purposes, 
costing nearly $4000. Mr. Cook remained with 
the church at Holmesburg eleven years, during 
which time twice as much money was raised for 
benevolent purposes as had been contributed during 
the thirty-two previous years ; the pastor's salary 
was tripled ; the home Sunday-school was greatly 
enlarged, and a mission school established. In 
December, 1875, he became pastor of the Second 
Baptist church in Wilmington, Del., at which place 
there were, during his first year as pastor, 147 
baptisms, the membersiiip being increased by 155 
additions, and the number of the Sunday-school 
doubled, as well as a very large adult Bible-class 
formed. In 1869 he served as moderator of the Cen- 
tral Union Association, in all the deliberations of 



COOK 



273 



COON 



which he was accustomed to take an active pavt. 
For one year, also, he acted as president of the 
Philadelphia Baptist Ministerial Conference, after 
having previously served as vice-president. Mr. 
Cook has in preparation, and almost ready for 
publication, a popular "History of the Baptists," 
designed more especially for Sunday-schools and 
for the young, which will add to his reputation as 
a scholar and a writer, and he has a valuable his- 
tory of the Baptists of Delaware now passing 
through the press. No minister in Pennsylvania 
or Delaware enjoys a larger measure of the con- 
iidence of his brethren than Mr. Cook. He is an 
able minister of the Saviour. 

Cook, Rev. Samuel, was born in Eastham, 
Mass., in 1791. Early in his life his parents re- 
moved to the State of Maine, and there he resided 
for many years. At the age of twenty-four he 
became a hopeful Christian, and united with the 
Baptist church in Clinton, Me. He studied at 
Waterville, under the direction of Rev. Dr. Chapin. 
After leaving the institution he was called to the 
Baptist church of Effingham, N. H., where he was 
ordained. Dr. Chapin preaching the sermon, which 
was published. On leaving Effingham he served 
in succession the churches in Brentwood, N. H., 
Hampton Falls, Hopkinton, Meredith Village, and 
Dunbarton. For some time he was the agent of 
the New Hampshire State Convention, and labored 
among the feeble churches. His last regular min- 
isterial service was in Concord, N. H., where for 
eight years he acted as chaplain of the State prison. 
His life was a laborious one as a minister of Christ, 
and God blessed his labors abundantly. Mr. Cook 
died at Concord, N. H., Feb. 15, 1872. 

Cooke, Rev. Nathaniel B., was born at Cam- 
bridgeport, Mass., in 1816 ; was converted at the 
age of eleven and baptized by Rev. Howard Mal- 
com in 1834. He prepared for college at the Phil- 
lips Academy, and graduated at Brown University 
in the class of 1840. It was his strong desire at 
this period of his life to become a minister of the 
gospel, but circumstances temporarily prevented, 
and he devoted himself to teaching for a time in 
Bristol, R. I. Subsequently he studied medicine 
at Yale, and practised his profession for a period at 
Leicester, Mass., and then returned to Bristol, 
R. I., where he was the principal of the high 
school for nine years. The way now being opened 
for him to carry out his long cherished wishes to 
preach, he was ordained at Greenville, Mass., 
where for six years he was a faithful minister of 
Christ. He then removed to Lonsdale, R. I., where 
he died May 14, 1871. He won the sincere respect 
and affection of the communities in which he lived 
and labored. 

Cooley, Darwin H., D.D., was horn in Claren- 
don, Orleans Co., N. Y., Feb. 5, 1830, and united 



with the Baptist church in Sweden, N. Y., in 
March, 1841. He fitted fur college at the Brock- 
port Collegiate Institute, entering the Sophomore 
class of the University of Rochester in 1852, and 
graduating in 1855, and from the theological sem- 
inary at Rochester in 1857. He was ordained at 
Clyde, N. Y., July 16, 1857. Removing West the 
following year, under appointment of the Home 
Mission Society, he settled at Stevens Point, Wis., 
June 1, 1858, being the first pastor of the church 
there. Here he remained until June 1, 1861, during 
which time a good house of worship was built and 
paid for. At the date last given he removed to 
Appleton, Wis., laboring there as pastor six years 
and three months. He then, in 1867, settled at 
Cedar Rapids, Iowa, remaining there three years. 
Under his ministry there was a large ingathering 
at this point, and a fine house was built. In the 
beginning of 1871, Mr. Cooley became pastor of 
the church in Canton, 111., where he remained eight 
years. From Canton he removed to Freeport, set- 
tling there Nov. 14, 1879. At Freeport, during the 
pastorate which he still holds, the beautiful house 
has been finished and all the expenses of its erec- 
tion met, M'hile here as elsewhere, he has com- 
mended himself as an able and " good minister of 
Jesus Christ." Dr. Cooley received his degree of 
D.D. from the theological seminary at Morgan 
Park in 1878. 

Coon, Rev. James McCowen, the pastor of 
the Baptist church in Beaver Dam, Wis., is a 
native of Frankfort, Clinton Co., Ind., where he 
was born July 19, 1844. His father is Rev. R. R. 
Coon, for many years a well-known Baptist min- 
ister in Illinois. The subject of this sketch spent 
his boyhood in Peoria and Alton, 111. He was 
educated at the University of Chicago, graduating 
in the class of 1869. Having the profession of 
law in view, immediately upon graduating from 
the university he entered the Union Law School 
of Chicago, and graduated from that institution in 
1870. Subsequently yielding to long-continued 
convictions that God called him to the work of the 
Christian ministry, he entered the Baptist Theo- 
logical Seminary of Chicago, and completing the 
full course graduated in 1874. Having received 
a call to the pastorate of the Baptist church in 
Galva, 111., he was ordained by that church in 
August, 1874. 

Mr. Coon's pastorate at Galva continued four 
years. Having received a call to the pastorate of 
the Baptist church in Beaver Dam, Wis., he re- 
signed his position at Galva, in 1879, to accept the 
invitation at Beaver Dam, which has since been 
his home. For two years past he has ably con- 
ducted a department of the International Sunday- 
School Lessons published in the Standard. His 
expositions have been scholarly and his practical 



COOPER 



274 



COOPER 



deductions pointed and clear. He is a young min- 
ister of culture and character. 

Cooper, Deacon Dan Smith, son of Samuel 
and Emily L. (Linsley) Cooper, was born Oct. 4, 
1819, in North Haven, Conn.; nephew to Kev. 
James H. Linsley; moved to New Haven at the 
age of fourteen ;■ converted at the age of eighteen, 
while a clerk, and united with the First Baptist 
church in New Haven ; in 1840 began as a merchant 
on State Street, and has continued till the present 
(1880) ; honored by all the people of the city; in 
1858 he was chosen deacon under the pastorate of 
S. D. Phelps, D.D., and remains in office; known 
and Ijcloved by all the Baptists in the State ; a 
representative citizen and a warm-hearted Christian. 

Cooper, Rev. David, M.D., a distinguished 
pioneer Baptist in Southwest Mississippi, who com- 
bined the calling of minister and physician. He 
came to the State in 1802, and from this time until 
his death, in 1830, he was assiduous in his labors 
in Southwestern Mississippi and Eastern Louisiana, 
and perhaps did more than any other man to give 
character to these early Baptists. Himself a man 
of learning, he was a vigorous advocate of minis- 
terial education. He was also an active promoter 
of missions. He was long moderator of the Mis- 
sissippi Association, which he assisted in organ- 
izing, and wrote many valuable papers which appear 
as circular letters in the minutes of the Association. 

Cooper, Rev. George, was born in Edinburgh, 
Scotland, Dec. 10, 1840 ; was baptized by his father, 
Eev. James Cooper, D.D., at Woodstock, Ontario, 
Dec. 27, 1857 ; was educated at the University of 
Toronto, Canada, and at Hamilton Theological 
Seminary, N. Y., graduating from the latter insti- 
tution in 18G6 : was ordained June 1, 1866, and 
settled as pastor at North Attleborough, Mass., and 
remained until December, 1869, when he removed 
to Gloversville, N. Y. In May, 1873, he entered 
upon his present field of labor with the First church, 
West Philadelphia. He is a member of the Board 
of Managers of the American Baptist Publication 
Society, and of the curators of the university at 
Lewisburg, and is prominently identified with the 
management of educational and missionary work 
in the State. He is a man of scholarly attainments 
and of a sprightly and social disposition. As a 
preacher, he unfolds Bible truths with marked clear- 
ness of enunciation, and as a pastor he is diligent, 
constant, and successful. Mr. Cooper is one of the 
airiest men in the Baptist ministry in Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Cooper, James, D.D., was born in the southern 
part of Scotland, Dec. 27, 1812. His parents being 
Presbyterians, he was brought up in that faith, 
and lie married a lady who held the same senti- 
ments. On the birth of their first child, now 
Rev. George Cooper, of Philadelphia, their at- 



tention was called to the subject of infant bap- 
tism. As a result they both became Baptists, and 
were baptized in Edinburgh by Rev. Christopher 
Anderson, author of the "Annals of the English 
Bible." Though trained for secular business, a 
call to the ministry now prevailed. He studied at 
Bradford, England, and at the University of Edin- 
burgh, in the latter attending the lectures of Sir 
W. Hamilton. He left Scotland in 1843, and be- 
came pastor of the church at Perth, Canada. He 
was afterwards pastor of the churches at Kemptville 
and Brockville. He also did much missionary work 
in the country adjoining. In 1853 he took charge 
of the church at Woodstock. A new house of 




JAMES COOPER, D.D. 

worship was at once built. He gathered around 
him some young men from other churches who de- 
sired to study for the ministry, and aided them in 
their instruction. He entered heartily into the 
plans of the denomination for the theological train- 
ing of its young men, out of which grew the Cana- 
dian Literary Institute. He did much toward the 
planting of the school at Woodstock, and ever bore 
helpful relations to it. In 1865 he became pastor 
of the church at London, where for fourteen years 
he enjoyed great success. As a result a second 
church was formed in the city. In August, 1879, 
he left the province and his Avork to live in Kelso, 
Scotland, and spend life's evening in rest. Being 
a most exact and careful Biblical student, his has 
been a teaching ministry as well as an evangelistic. 
The churches to which he ministered were well 
trained in the AVord, and so the gains of many 
spiritual awakenings were permanent. In 1869 



COOPER 



275 



COOPER 



Madison University conferred on him the degree 
of D.D. 

Cooper, James, D.D., was born in I'.oston, 
Mass., Jan. '1, 1826 ; removed to Cincinnati in 1832 ; 
joined the Ninth Street church in that city, by bap- 
tism, early in 1840, and the eame year went to 
Woodwai-d Collen;e. At the end of two years, ill 
health compelled him to suspend study and enter 
into active business. In 1847 he resumed study in 
the preparatory department of the Western Theo- 
logical Institute, at Covington, Ky. In 1848 he 
went to Granville College (now Denison Univer- 
sity), where he graduated in 1850. The next three 
years he spent in the Newton Theological Institu- 
tion, and finished the usual course of study. After 
spending fifteen months in mission work in Cin- 
cinnati, he was ordained in December, 1854. His 
successive pastorates have been as follows : Madi- 
son, Wis., one year ; Waukesha, Wis., three years ; 
Melrose, Mass., three years ; the Berean church, 
West Philadelphia, Pa., six years ; Rondout, N. Y., 
eight years ; Flint, Mich., three years. He re- 
signed his charge in Flint, at the call of the Ameri- 
can Baptist Home Mission Society, to become its 
district secretary for Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan. 
His present residence is Detroit. His ministry 
has been attended with large ingatherings to the 
churches he has served. In 1880 he was made a 
Doctor of Divinity by Denison University. 

Cooper, Hon. Mark A., a distinguished Geor- 
gian, and for a number of years a member of Con- 
gress, was born in Hancock County, April 20, 1800. 
His parents on both sides were Virginians, his an- 
cestors having emigrated from England and Hol- 
land. He was educated in youth by Nathan S. 
Beman, at Mount Zion Academy, and by Ira Ing- 
ram, at Powelton Academy. At seventeen he en- 
tered Franklin College, at Athens, but left the in- 
stitution on the death of Dr. Finley, and entered 
the South Carolina College, at Columbia, where he 
gniduated in 1819. Choosing law for his profes- 
sion, he studied under Judge Strong, was admitted 
to the bar in 1821, and settled in Eatonton, Ga., 
where he began to practise. During the same year 
he was converted and joined the Eatonton Baptist 
church. In 1825, when Gov. Geo. M. Troup called 
for volunteers to protect our Florida border from 
the Seminole Indians, Mark A. Cooper tendered 
his services, joining a regiment formed by Col. 
Edward Hamilton, and served through the war, 
being appointed paymaster, and paying off the 
soldiers at its close. He was then elected solicitor 
of the Ocmulgee circuit by the Legislature, and, 
afterwards, becoming prominent in politics, was 
elected to Congress, where he served two terms in 
the House of Representatives. His position before 
the entire country became so prominent that he 
was prevailed upon by his friends to accept the 



nomination for governor of Georgia, in opposition 
to George W. Crawford, in 184.3 ; but he was de- 
feated, and Mr. Crawford was elected. 

In 1836 he again responded to the call of the 




United States for volunteers to subdue the Semi- 
nole Indians, who were waging war in Florida. 
His was one of five companies formed into a bat- 
talion in Middle Georgia, of which. he was elected 
major. He accepted the command, marched to 
Florida, and served through Gen. Winfield Scott's 
campaign in that State. Major Cooper was one of 
the very first Georgians to advocate the building 
of railroads in the State ; and, in connection with 
Chas. P. Gordon, called the first railroad meeting in 
the State, and made the first railroad speech ; and 
afterwards, as a member of the Legislature, assisted 
in securing the charter of the Georgia Railroad. 
Nor did he cease his efforts until that road was 
built from Augusta to Atlanta, and extended by 
the State from Atlanta to Chattanooga. 

No man in Georgia has done more to build up 
her manufacturing interests than Mr. Cooper. He 
helped to organize one of the first cotton-mills in 
the State, at Eatonton. He established, and for years 
maintained an extensive iron and flour manufac- 
turing company, at Etowah, Cass Co. (now Bar- 
tow), which was completely destroyed by the Fed- 
eral army. He was for several years the president 
of a successful bank in Columbus; and was the 
first to open the coal mines in Dade County, and on 
the Tennessee River, for the shipment of coal to 
Georgia for manufacturing purposes. He founded 
the State Agricultural Society, which is still in 



COOPER 



COOPER 



vigorous existence, drew up the constitution him- 
self, and for a series of years presided over its 
affiiirs successfully. For a v^hile he was a trustee 
of Mercer University, and assisted in its location ; 
and for nearly fifty years has been a trustee of the 
State university. 

In all his life he has been a man of mark. Of 
very commanding appearance, with a splendid in- 
tellect, fine oratorical powers, and with exceptional 
abilities in every respect. Even as late as 1877 he 
was sent by the people of his district to represent 
them in the State senate, and in 1878 he was a 
member of the State Constitutional Convention. 
Now in his eightieth year, he enjoys good health, 
so remarkable are his physical powers. 

Mr. Cooper has always been a firm Baptist, and 
a strong supporter of all our denominational pro- 
jects. He built a Baptist house of worship at 
Etowah, and for years was its Sunday-school 
superintendent and main supporter. He lost two 
sons in the war, both most promising young men, 
and each of whom took the first honor in the State 
university. 

Cooper, Thomas, a layman and deacon of re- 
markable piety and extended influence and useful- 
ness, was born in Henry Co., Va., in 1767, and 
died at Eatonton, Ga., in 1842. His ancestors on 
the maternal side, Antony by name, came from 
Holland ; on the paternal side from England, and 
both settled in Virginia. Thomas Cooper, Sr., a 
member of the House of Burgesses, in Virginia, 
married Sallie Antony, and they were the parents 
of eleven children. Thomas Cooper, Jr., the third 
son, moved from Virginia to Hancock Co., Ga., 
where, in 1797, he married Judith Harvey, by whom 
he had five children, — Clinton, who died in infancy ; 
Mark Antony Cooper, for years a member of Con- 
gress and still living at the age of eighty-one ; Mrs. 
Harriet Nisbit, Mrs. Narcissa Boykin, and Mrs. 
Emily Branham, all of whom are dead. In 1822, 
Thomas Cooper moved from Hancock County to 
Eatonton, Putnam Co., where he lived until his 
death. He was a man of large property, one of 
the first planters in Georgia who raised cotton to 
sell, and was the inventor of a roller cotton-gin. 
He was a well-informed man, a great reader and a 
deep thinker, and was very fund of the study of 
natural philosophy and astronomy. He was a 
diligent student of the Biljle, and made himself 
familiar with such theological works as those of 
Andrew Fuller and Dr. John Gill, whose Commen- 
tary was his favorite work of reference. 

His religious convictions began in 1810, soon 
after the death of his wife Judith. He was bap- 
tized by Jesse Mercer, and joined the Baptist church 
at Powelton about 1811, transferring his member- 
ship eleven years afterwards to Eatonton, where for 
years, as a deacon, he continued an active and zeal- 



ous church member, using his ofiice well and pur- 
chasing to j;iimself a good degree and great boldness 
in the faith. He was distinguished for godliness ; 
he was an earnest and liberal supporter of schools 
and colleges, and an ardent and generous friend of 
missions and Sunday-schools. He was not only 
a worthy church member, who was referred to by 
all who knew him as a standard of Christian char- 
acter and excellence, but he was a thorough Bap- 
tist, who was very active in building up the de- 
nomination in Georgia. He Avas regular in the 
exercise of family prayer, in which he was always 
impressive and frequently eloquent. His son, 
Mark A. Cooper, received his first religious con- 
victions while at family devotions when twelve 
years of age, — convictions so deep as to be apparent 
to all, and so lasting that they have never faded 
away. 

Mr. Cooper was among the number of those who 
were instrumental in founding Mercer University, 
and delighted to aid worthy young men who were 
studying for the ministry. He was a devoted friend 
of the temperance cause, seldom indulged in anec- 
dote, and never in light table-talk, always preferring 
to converse on grave subjects. In demeanor he was 
austere and decisive, unwavering in his family ad- 
ministration, yet always kind and considerate in 
his domestic relations. He was the friend, com- 
panion, and co-laborer of Jesse Mercer, B. M. 
Sanders, Reuben Battle, Adiel Sherwood, C. D. 
Mallary, John E. Dawson, and many others of like 
character. 

" As a member he was scarcely less distinguished 
than Jesse Mercer as a minister. In him were 
joined to a native intellect remarkably clear, dis- 
criminating, and vigorous, the most excellent quali- 
ties of heart, all sanctified by fervent and exalted 
piety. Three times a day would he retire to com- 
mune with God. For the last twelve or fifteen 
years of his life this wise and venerable man was 
a humble pupil in a Bible-class. His faithfulness 
in encouraging, counseling, and, if necessary, re- 
proving his brethren was worthy of all praise ; and, 
as a judicious, watchful, conscientious, punctual, 
painstaking deacon, a brighter model has never 
appeared in our churches. His pecuniary bounties 
were scattered over a broad field with a liberal 
hand. For many years before he died his entire 
income beyond his necessary expenses was conse- 
crated to pious purposes. For a long time, to the 
writer's knowledge, he contributed annually $l(lO 
to each of some half-dozen religious objects, whilst 
his extra contributions of sums varying from $100 
to $1000, unknown, indeed, to many, were not in- 
frequent. In his will the claims of Zion were as 
sacredly remembered as his children. Long will 
it be before we shall see in our midst such a min- 
ister as Jesse Mercer, and, perhaps, as long before 



COOPER 



277 



CORBLEY 



we shall see such a deacon as Thomas Cooper." 
(C. D. Mallary in his " Memoirs of Jesse Mercer.") 

In person he was six feet high and very erect, 
of quick, elastic step, strong and muscular frame, 
but by no means corpulent, weighing 150 or 160 
pounds. He had very expressive blue eyes, over- 
shadowed by marked eyebrows, with light chestnut- 
colored hair, which in the latter part of his life 
became slightly intermixed with gray. 

Ministers of all denominations were always wel- 
come at his large mansion, which was, peculiarlyj 
the home of the preachers and membei's of the 
Baptist denomination when traveling in his vicinity. 

Cooper, Rev. T. B., A.M., B.D., of Ogeechee, 
Ga., was born Dec. 26, 1824, in Montgomery Co., 
Ga., and was in youth educated by Dr. P. H. Mell 
and Milton E. Bacon. He professed conversion in 
1845, graduated regularly in the literary depart- 
ment of Mercer University in 1849, and was or- 
dained at Savannah, Feb. 9, 1852. He has served 
as pastor the churches at Waynesville, Brunswick, 
Wades, and Little Ogeechee. He has held the po- 
sitions of Professor of Belles-Lettres in the Georgia 
Female College, of president of the Marietta Female 
College, and of agent in Georgia for the Foreign 
Mission Boai-d of the Southern Baptist Convention. 

He has been a useful preacher and instructor, a 
successful agent, and a talented contributor to the 
denominational papers. 

Cooper, Rev. W. B., a minister of culture who 
labored successfully to build up our denomination 
in Florida. He was born in Abbeville District, 
S. C, in 1807. His father, Joseph Cooper, of Vir- 
ginia, was a man of rare culture and intellect, and 
the early education of the son was under his 
father's training till 1828, when he attended an 
academy near his home, which was then in Laurens 
District. 

While at the institution he was converted, under 
the preaching of Daniel Mangram, of Newberry 
District, and was baptized by him at Mount Pleas- 
ant church. 

On leaving the academy he went to a theological 
school at a place called High Hills, in Sumter Dis- 
trict, the commencement of the Southern Baptist 
Theological Seminary now at Louisville, Ky., where 
he remained two years, and in the spring of 1835 
he entered Columbian College, in the District of 
Columbia, where he graduated in 1837. 

After his graduation he went to Augusta, Ga., 
where he was ordained, probably in 1838. He re- 
moved to Florida as early as 1839 or 1840, and 
located at Madison Court-House, and from that 
time till his death, in 1878, he labored mainly in 
what is called " Middle Florida," occasionally cross- 
ing the line into Georgia. 

For meekness, prudence, and humility he was 
hardly ever excelled and not often equaled. 



He was a very earnest minister, and the people 
loved to hear him. His style of preaching was 
very instructive. He was a leader in all moral, 
religious, and denominational works, and he fre- 
quently presided over Associations and Conven- 
tions. In Hamilton, Columbia, Madison. Jeffer- 
son, and other counties he did a grand work for 
Jesus and for his beloved denomination. The 
Florida Association, with which he was chiefly 
identified, is going to erect a monument over his 
grave. 

Cooper, Rev. "W. H., of Fort Gaines, Ga., 
though a young man, is one of the most useful 
and hard-working Baptist ministers in the State. 
His father came from England in 1835, and after 
various removals settled in Lee Co., Ga., in 1840, 
where his son was born, Jan. 15, 1842. Mr. Cooper 
was educated at Penfield, in both the literary and 
theological departments of Mercer University. He 
united with the Palmyra church in his seventeenth 
year, was ordained in his twenty-third year, and 
began a succession of very prosperous pastorates 
in Southwestern Georgia. Moving to Fort Gaines 
in 1878, he has since that time served the churches 
in that place and at Cuthbert. 

He has engaged much in teaching; was for three 
years school commissioner of Dougherty County, 
and has for years been president of the Bethel 
Sunday-School Association, and an ardent worker 
in the Sunday-school. Perhaps no white man in 
Georgia is more highly esteemed by the colored 
people, or has a more healthy influence among 
them. At the earnest request of the ministers and 
laymen of the Fowl Town (colored) Association, 
he has for years acted as their clerk, giving them 
the benefit of his services and experience. 

Mr. Cooper is an amiable and well-informed gen- 
tleman and a good preacher. He is a zealous, pious 
worker, and stands high in the estimation of his 
denomination. Notwithstanding the constant ]}ain 
and inconvenience he endures from the stump of 
an arm, lost during the war, he has made an en- 
viable record for himself. 

Corbley, Rev. John, was bom in England in 
1733, and emigrating to this country, became a 
minister in Virginia. The violence of persecution 
drove him from the "Old Dominion" in 1768 into 
the southwestern portion of Pennsylvania, then a 
mere wilderness. Here he assisted in planting 
churches. John Sutton, a native of New Jersey, 
faithfully co-operated with him. In 1775 he became 
pastor of the Goshen church on Big Whitely Creek, 
Greene Co. Richly endowed both by nature and 
grace, his ministry was one of great success. But 
in the midst of his joys he was called to drink the 
cup of sorrow in the loss of his wife and five chil- 
dren, all of whom were killed by the Indians on a 
Sabbath morning while on their way to the house 



CORCORAN 



CORCORAN 



of God. No name is rrore venerated in the south- 
western portion of the State than the name of this 
brother. A numerous progeny has sprung from 
the only surviving daughter, vrho, though scalped 
by the Indians and left for dead, vras mercifully 
brought hack to life. Brother Corbley lived to 
attain the age of seventy, dying, greatly lamented, 
in 1803. " The memory of the just is blessed.'' 

Corcoran, William Wilson, LL.D., was born 
m Georgetown, D. C, Dec. 27, 1798. His father 




WILLIAM WILSON CORCORAX, LL.D. 

was Thomas Corcoran, a native of Ireland, who 
settled in Baltimore, Md., and engaged in business 
there. In 1787 he removed to Georgetown, where 
he resided until his death, in 1830, holding the 
office of mayor of the town for many years, and 
highly esteemed by the entire community. One of 
his two daughters married the Rev. Dr. S. P. Hill, 
of Washington, D. C. Mr. W. W. Corcoran first 
engaged in the dry-goods business, and afterwards 
in the commission business. From 1828 to 1836 
he was in charge of the real estate of the Bank of 
Columbia, and of the branch of the United States 
Bank at Washington. From 1836 to 1854 he was 
in the exchange business. Subsequently to 1840, 
Mr. Corcoran, in connection with Mr. G. W. Riggs, 
became one of the most successful financial men 
of the country, and negotiated all the large loans 
of the government during the Mexican war. These 
great burdens were carried with such ability as not 
only to relieve the government from all embarrass- 
ment, but also to insure to the negotiator the re- 
muneration to which his financial skill so justly 
entitled him. In 1835, Mr. Corcoran married the 



accomplished daughter of Commodore Morris, who 
lived, however, only five years after their marriage, 
dying, in 1840, of a pulmonary affection, and leav- 
ing an only child, Louise. In 1859, Miss Louise 
Corcoran was united in marriage to the Hon. 
George Eiistis, a member of Congress from Lou- 
isiana ; but the daughter, like the mother, survived 
her marriage only a few years, dying in Cannes, 
France, in 1867, of the same disease. These sad 
bereavements in his home, instead of turning the 
genial nature of Mr. Corcoran into a gloomy and 
isolating moroseness, only opened more widely the 
many channels through which his beneficence had 
before been bestowed upon the needy. Of his pri- 
vate benefactions this is not the place to write, 
even if we were sufficiently familiar with them ; 
but many an aching heart and many a saddened 
home have been made glad by the unexpected sun- 
shine which has streamed in upon them from his 
generous gifts. It is as a public benefactor that 
we now speak of him. 

In 1847, Mr. Corcoran purchased in Georgetown 
the land that is now known as Oak Hill Cemetery, 
a beautiful spot commanding a view of the city and 
the surrounding country, and having expended 
upon it about §120,000 in architectural and floral 
decorations, he presented it to his native town. In 
1857 he began the erection of a beautiful Temple 
of Art, situated near the President's House, on 
which he lavished about $300,000 ; in addition to 
which he added a fund of over $880,000, an endow- 
ment yielding an annual income of $60,000. This 
building was used by the government during the 
war as a depot for military stores, and at the close 
of the contest it was completed at a cost of $40,000, 
and conveyed to trustees for the benefit of the 
city and nation. To this rich gift he added his 
entire gallery of paintings, statuary, and other 
works of art, a collection which for years had drawn 
a constant stream of visitors to his private resi- 
dence. One of the choicest of his gifts is the 
Louise Home, a beautiful tribute to the memory 
of his wife and daughter. An imposing building, 
with beautiful surroundings, and internal conven- 
iences such as the wealthiest could scai-cely enjoy, 
he has erected it as a home for aged ladies of edu- 
cation and refinement who, by the reverses of for- 
tune, have been reduced from affluence to poverty. 
The value of the lot and the cost of erecting the 
building were about $200,000, added to which is an 
endowment of $280,000, producing an annual in- 
come of $18,000. He has also given valuable land, 
amounting to at least $50,000, to the Washington 
Orphan Asylum, as well as smaller sums to six or 
seven similar institutions in the South. 

Mr. Corcoran has also made large contributions 
to churches and colleges. To the theological sem- 
inary of the Diocese of Vii-ginia he has given 



COREY 



CORNELIUS 



§10,000 ; to the Diocese of Mississippi, 11,000 acres 
of land ; and to the church of the Ascension in 
AVashingfcon City, of whicli he is a member, 880,000, 
one-half of the entire cost of the handsome church 
edifice just erected. To the Washington an4 Lee 
University of Virginia he presented the "Howard 
Library," containing about 4000 volumes, the most 
valuable classical library in the State of Virginia, 
ill collecting which Mr. Howard, a gentleman of 
eminent scholastic attainments, spent more than 
forty years. In addition to this Mr. Corcoran made 
the same university a donation of §30,000. He 
has given to the University of Virginia 85000 for 
its library, and 8100,000 to endow two professor- 
ships in the same institution. Mr. Corcoran, al- 
though a staunch Episcopalian, has been remark- 
ably generous to the Baptist denomination. Soon 
after the close of the war he presented to the 
Columbian College the handsome building now used 
by the National Medical College (the medical 
school of the Columbian University) ; and within 
the past four or five years he has also given to the 
Columbian University a large tract of land adja- 
cent to the city of Washington, and known as 
"Trinidad," valued at 8150,000, the proceeds of 
which are to be devoted to the founding of a scien- 
tific school of the highest grade. Large as these 
benefactions are, they are only a part of what Mr. 
Corcoran has done for asylums, churches, and edu- 
cational institutions. He has long been personally 
interested in the prosperity of the Columbian Uni- 
versity, of which his father was an original trustee, 
and of whose board he is himself the president, 
aiding not only by his contributions, but also by 
his judicious counsel, the various plans devised by 
the governing body for the enlargement and more 
assured success of the institution. 

Mr. Corcoran's private life is as pure and unos- 
tentatious as his public benefactions have been large 
and far-reaching, — a life truly honorable and with- 
out a stain. 

Corey, Rev. Charles Henry, was born Dec. 
12, 1834, at New Canaan, New Brunswick, Canada. 
He was baptized Feb. 15, 1852, at Petitcodiac. New 
.Brunswick. After a short academic course at the 
Baptist Seminary in Fredericton, New Brunswick, 
he entered Acadia College, at Wolfville, Nova 
Scotia, in 1854, and in 1858 graduated with the 
highest honors of his class. Acadia College con- 
ferred upon him, in 1861, the degree of A.M. After 
completing his collegiate course he entered the 
Newton Theological Institution, and graduated in 
1861. In September of this year he was ordained 
pastor of the First Baptist church, Seabrook, N. H., 
where he remained until Jan. 1, 1864, at which 
time he resigned and entered the service of the U. S. 
Christian Commission. He remained in the field 
until the close of the war. Upon the invitation of 



the American Baptist Home Mission Society, Mr. 
Corey went to South Carolina as a missionary to 
the freedmen, and during his residence there of two 
years he organized a number of churches and se- 




REV. CHARLES HENRY COREY. 

cured for them ministers of their own race. In the 
fall of 1867 he was appointed principal of the Au- 
gusta Institute, Augusta, Ga., and in 1868 was 
selected to succeed N. Colver, D.D., as president 
of the institution for training colored preachers 
and teachers at Richmond, Va., over which most 
successful school he still presides. Mr. Corey has 
been a frequent contributor to the religious and 
secular press, and during the war wrote a very 
interesting series of letters for the Christian Vis- 
itor, of St. John, New Brunswick. His work in 
Richmond has been carried on with great skill and 
success, and is resulting in incalculable good both 
to the colored men and the cause of Christ. 

Corley, William, Esq., an active, influential, 
and generous member of the Vermont Street Bap- 
tist church in Quincy, and one of its deacons, was 
born in New York City, Dec. 27, 1821 ; he became 
a resident of Quincy in 1853. During the years 
1857-61 he lived in St. Louis, where he experienced 
religion and united with the Second Baptist church. 
Dr. Galusha Anderson, pastor. In 1861 he re- 
turned to Quincy and united with the Vermont 
Street church, by which, also, he was elected deacon 
in 1867, -serving in that capacity until his death, 
Feb. 25, 1875. He was a zealous worker, a ready 
giver, and an eminently spiritual man. 

Cornelius, Samuel, D.D., was bom in Devon- 
port, England, in 1794. His parents removed to 



CORNELL 



280 



CORPORATION 



Philadelphia and died while he was a child. He 
became a member of the church under Dr. William 
Staughton early in life. Encouraged and instructed 
by this eminent man he commenced preaching, 
and was settled as pastor in Norfolk, Va., from 1817 
to 1824, when he succeeded Dr. Cone as pastor in 
Alexandria. During this fruitful pastorate of thir- 
teen years, he was, with Noah Davis, the originator 
of what is now the American Baptist Publication 
Society. He was also an official and hearty helper 
in the early building of the Columbian College. 
Afterwards he spent eleven years in pastoral work 
in Mount Holly, N. J., and in agency service for 
the Colonization Society. In 1848 he came to 
Michigan, preaching as supply at Adrian, as pas- 
tor at Troy, and in a missionary capacity at Bay 
City and elsewhere while living in Detroit. At 
different times he performed much self-sacrificing 
and successful agency work for the educational in- 
terests of the Convention, and became endeared to 
the churches and ministry. His work closed with 
a useful pastorate at Ann Arbor. His preaching 
was rich in Scripture truth, felicitous in diction, 
and abounding in proofs of culture and in the 
Spirit's power. He died in 1870. 

Cornell, Rev. Alfred, was born in Madison Co., 
N. Y., July 7, 1813, and was educated at Madison 
University. In April, 1844, he was ordained at 
Macedon, "Wayne Co., N. Y. Two years later he 
removed to Ionia, Mich., and served the church in 
that place as its pastor till 1862. After four years in 
Norwalk, 0., he was recalled to Ionia. From 1866 
to 1870 he was pastor in Smyrna, from 1870 to 
1877 in Portland. Since 1877 he has been chaplain 
of the State prison in Ionia. In 1848 and in 1849 
he was chaplain in the State House of Represen- 
tatives. He is known among his brethren as a 
prudent and faithful minister of the gospel. 

Cornwell, Francis, A.M., was educated at 
Emmanuel College, Cambridge, England. During 
the tyranny of Archbishop Laud over the English 
Church he was torn from his home in Marden, 
Kent, and lodged in Maidstone jail. He offended 
Laud because he objected to the surplice, kneeling 
at the Lord's Supper, and making the sign of the 
cross in baptism. While Mr. Cornwell was in 
prison a lady visited those in confinement, and in 
conversation spoke of her doubts about infant bap- 
tism being in the Scriptures. Mr. Cornwell tried 
to remove her misgivings by the Word of God, but 
failed to satisfy either her or himself. Mr. Wilson, 
«, fellow-prisoner, who had listened to the conver- 
sation, informed Mr. Cornwell that he always un- 
derstood that infant baptism was not in the Scrip- 
tures, that it was a tradition handed down from 
early times. Mr. Cornwell recognized no religious 
institution as possessing any right to live unless it 
was found in the Bible, and he immediately began 



to search the Scriptures thoroughly for infant bap- 
tism, the result of which was that he became a Bap-; 
tist, and was immersed by the Rev. Wm. Jeffery. 

In 1644, soon after his adoption of Baptist doc- 
trines, and before his opinions were known to have 
been changed, he preached his celebrated sermon 
before the clergy at the Cranbrook " Visitation," 
in which he avowed his sentiments so boldly that 
some were startled, and most were indignant; the 
Rev. Christopher Blackwood went away to examine 
the Scriptures, and Mr. Jeffery in a little time bap- 
tized him too. 

He published a work at this time in defense of 
his new principles, called " The Vindication of the 
Royal Commission of King Jesus." In this treatise 
he proved that christening children is a popish 
tradition and an anti-Chriscian custom, contrary to 
the commission given by the Saviour. He dedi- 
cated it to the Parliament, and had it distributed 
at the door of the House of Commons to the mem- 
bers. It created much excitement and some wrath. 

He believed that a true church consisted only of 
those who had really repented, and, after putting 
their trust in the Saviour, had been baptized. This 
led him to leave the state church and gather a com- 
munity of saved persons in the neighborhood of his 
old fold, to whom he ministered with great faith- 
fulness as long as he lived. 

Mr. Cornwell was a man of extensive erudition. 
Neal speaks of him as '• one of the most learned 
divines that espoused the cause of the Baptists." 
This was the opinion entertained of his scholarship 
wherever he was known. He feared no mortal ; 
his life was pure, his end was peace. He was the 
author of four works. 

Corporation and Test Acts.— The Corporation 
Act says, " In order to perpetuate the succession 
in corporations in the hands of persons well 
affected to the government, it is ordained that 
every mayor, alderman, common councilman, or, 
any other officer in a corporation, should be obliged, 
besides the common oath of allegiance and suprem- 
acy, and a particular declaration against the Solemn 
League and Covenant, to take an oath declaring 
that it was not lawful, upon any pretense whatso- 
ever, to take arms against the king ; and that he 
did abhor that traitorous position of taking arms 
by his authority against his person or against those 
commissioned by him." This act became a law in 
1661. 

No dissenter could take this oath conscientiously. 
So that Baptists and all other dissenters were ex- 
cluded from every corporation in England. 

The Test Act required that " All persons enjoy- 
ing any office or place of trust and profit should 
take the oaths of allegiance and supremacy in 
public and open court, and should also receive the 
sacrament in some parish church, immediately 



CORSON 



COTTON 



after divine service ; and deliver certificates signed 
by the ministers and church wardens, attested by 
the oaths of two credible witnesses and put upon 
record." It also required an express denial of 
transubstantiation in tlie bread and wine of the 
Lord's Supper after consecration. 

The act received the king's approval March 29, 
1673. All Baptists, and all other conscientious non- 
conformists, and all true Catholics were excluded 
from every corporation in England : and fi'om every 
office of " trust and profit" under the government, 
by the Corporation and Test Acts. 

But these acts only secured the orthodoxy or 
hypocrisy of a person on entering upon the duties 
and privileges of his office. It had no penalties 
fur him if he became a Baptist or a member of 
some other nonconformist community afterwards. 
To remedy this defect, in'1711 the Schism Bill Ije- 
caine the law of the land. This infamous act com- 
manded, " That if any persons in office, who by 
the laws are obliged to qualify themselves by re- 
ceiving the sacrament or test, shall ever resort to 
a conventicle or meeting of dissenters for religious 
worship, during the time of their continuance in 
such office, they shall forfeit twenty pounds for 
every such offense, and be disqualified for any 
office for the future till they have made oath that 
they have entirely conformed to the church, and 
have not been at any conventicle for the space of 
a whole year." The entire officials of the govern- 
ment must be Episcopalians on their appointment, 
and continue faithful to that church under heavy 
penalties. In every way our Baptist bi-ethren in 
England were crippled ; they were branded with 
infamy, fined, imprisoned, transported, and threat- 
ened with death. The Schism Bill was repealed 
in 1718. But the Corporation and Test Acts dis- 
graceil the statute book of England till 1828. 

Corson, Hon. William, was born in Frederick 
Co., Va., May 14, 1798. He removed to Missouri 
in 1819. He was register of lands under appoint- 
ment from President Monroe. lie removed from 
Ralls County to Palmyra, where he lived till his 
death. He was teller in the bank, commissioner 
of lands for the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad, 
U. S. mail agent, director in the board of public 
schools, and for many years a member of the lower 
and upper house of the Missouri Legislature. He 
was for years moderator of Bethel Association, 
and helped to organize the Central Association in 
1834, now the General Association of Missouri. 
He was a memlier of the Convention to locate 
William Jewell College, and drew up its charter 
and petitioned the Legislature for an act of incor- 
poration. He was a quartermaster in the army, 
from 1862 to 1864. In all public positions he dis- 
charged his duties with honor to himself. No stain 
rests upon his character. He gave light in his 
19 



home and in the church. His energy overcame all 
obstacles and his faith made him submissive to all 
providences. The Bible was his daily study. The 
ministers found in his family a welcome home. 
He was baptized in August, 1819, in Virginia. In 
1820 he joined the Peno church in Pike Co., Mo., 
then the Bethel church in Marion County, then 
the church iu Palmyra. He organized the Sabbath- 
school in Palmyra in 182.5. He died Nov. 3, 1873, 
aged seventy-five years, five months, and nineteen 
days. Many followed him to the grave. He lived 
a long, useful, and honored life. 

Cotton, Hon. John H., of Puritan descent, was 
born in Middletown, Conn., Aug. 20, 1778. He 




HON". JOHX U. COTTOX. 

received a good English education. He was mar- 
ried May 30, 1802, and early engaged in mercan- 
tile business ; after residing several years in Catskill 
and Kortright, State of New York, he removed to 
Bradford, Orange Co., Yt., about the year 1807. 
He made a public profession of religion Nov. 11, 
1814, and united with the Congregational church 
in that place. He was often elected to offices of 
honor and trust, having represented the town in 
the State Legislature five years, fi'om 1814 to 1818, 
and was town clerk from 1816 to 1820 ; was at one 
time a member of the governor's council, and was 
chosen Presidential elector. While residing in 
Bradford he was appointed associate judge of the 
Countj' Court. 

In 1820, having been elected by the Legislature 
superintendent of the Yermont State prison, located 
at Windsor, he, with his famih", in December, re- 
moved to that place ; to this office he was re-elected 



COULSTON 



282 



COURTNEY 



sixteen consecutive years. Having become, from 
thorough conviction, a believer in the doctrines and 
ordinances held by the Baptist denomination, he 
was baptized by the Rev. Leland Howard, May 5, 
1822, and united with the Baptist church in Wind- 
sor. Within a few years he was elected a deacon of 
that church, and after the death of Abner Forbes, 
in 1828, he became the senior deacon, which posi- 
tion he held until his death, which occurred May 
1, 1850. lie lield the honorable office of vice- 
president of the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society from 1834 to 1843. He was a very decided 
Christian, and ever exerted a strong religious 
influence, not only on his own family, but with 
the public at large. 

The Rev. Dr. S. S. Cutting, who knew him well, 
writes as follows: " Tlie Hon. John II. Cotton 
brought with him to Windsor a very high reputa- 
tion for intelligence and moral worth, and this 
reputation he maintained for the long period of his 
later life. From the time he came into the Baptist 
church in 1822, a high position was accorded to 
.him by a spontaneous recognition of his fitness to 
sustain it. In him, and in his compeer. Gen. 
Forbes, the church had deacons who seemed born 
to the office, so complete were their qualifications 
for its dignities and its duties. They were never 
absent from their places on the Sabbath, and meet- 
ings for conference and prayer without them would 
have seemed unnatural and unsatisfactory. In 
such meetings Judge Cotton uniformly took part, 
always listened to with attention in talking of the 
Scriptures, or of the experience of Christian life. 
He was recognized as a leading citizen of the town, 
at a time when it was distinguished by the number 
of its men of ability and standing. His honor 
was* unsullied. He was a man of dignified bear- 
ing, whose presence rebuked trifling, and, though 
never austere, his manner was always that of a 
man whose life was given to serious purposes, under 
a high responsibility. He lived among men as one 
who fulfilled his daily duties by serving well his 
God and his generation." 

Coulston, Rev. Thomas P., was born in Phila- 
delphia, Nov. 30, 1833 ; was baptized by Rev. Ben- 
jamin Griffith, D.D., into the fellowship of the New 
Market Street (Fourth) church, Philadelphia, in 
1853; graduated with first lionors from the uni- 
versity at Lewisburg in 1859, and subsequently 
pursued theological studies at Lewisburg and Ham- 
ilton, N. Y. ; was ordained by the Fourth church, 
Philadelphia, in 1862, and settled with the Frank- 
ford church, Philadelphia, where he has continued 
in faithful service to tiie present time. 

Mr. Coulston is a man of quiet and unassuming 
manners, of fei-vent piety, and possessed of an in- 
nate fondness for metaphysical research. His ser- 
mons and writings are masterly and striking speci- 



mens' of intellectual vigor and devout loyalty to the 
truth as it is in Jesus. 
Council, An Ecclesiastical.— This body claims 

no authority over any church, or an individual 
member of any church. It is in every case ad- 
visory, and only advisory. It is commonly com- 
posed of the pastor and two laymen from a certain 
number of churches. In large cities it is not 
unusual to invite all the churches to send dele- 
gates to a council, even though there may be fifty 
churches represented. But in such great centres 
of Baptist strength frequently not more than ten 
or twelve churches are called to a council. There 
is no law fixing the number of churches necessary 
to form such advisory bodies. We have occupied 
a seat in a council in which only three churches 
had messengers. It was a perfectly orderly body, 
but its decisions could not command the respect 
which would have been freely accorded if its mem- 
bership had been ten times larger. A council is 
commonly called by a church, but it may be sum- 
moned by individuals, or by one person. Attend- 
ance is, of course, voluntary. 

When there is a difficulty among the members 
of a church, a mutual council is generally invited 
to give its advice. Such a body is composed of 
brethren, an equal number of whom is selected by 
each party to the controversy. And this wise 
course is often followed after the minority has 
been excluded, under the conviction that a just 
cause loses nothing by a careful examination from 
a fair jury. 

An ex-parie council, chosen by one portion of 
the disputants, as the name intimates, ought never 
to be called unless it is impossible to secure a mu- 
tual body. Such a meeting of brethren must form 
a judgment under many disadvantages ; and yet, 
when M'isely selected, ex-parte councils are useful. 

A council may be summoned from a distance, or 
from the neighborhood where its advice is desired. 
In a bitter strife it is occasionally wise to secure 
the opinions of brethren who have no local preju- 
dices to fetter their judgments. 

The action of a council is necessary in the or- 
dination of a minister among American Baptists. 
A church calls it for this purpose and delegates 
to it this service. Where a church is formed, a 
council is always called to recognize it. Councils 
are often convened to give advice about church and 
individual troubles. English Baptists have no 
councils. 

Courtney, Rev. Ezra, a pioneer pi-eacher in 
Louisiana, was born in Pennsylvania in 1771. 
Living in Misssissippi, he preached as early as 
1804 in Eastern Louisiana, then West Florida, and 
under Spanish rule; he settled in East Feliciana 
Parish in 1814. He was an efficient and popular 
preacher, often elected moderator of the Missis- 



COURTNEY 



COVENANT 



sippi Association and other bodies of which he was 
a member ; and he continued his labors until dis- 
abled by age. He died in 1855. 

Courtney, Rev. Franklin, M.D., was born in 
Virginia in 1812. After receiving; a classical edu- 




REV. FRANKLIN COURTNEY, M.D. 

cation he began the study of medicine, and was 
graduated by the University of Pennsylvania in 
1833. Shortly afterwards he settled in Alabama to 
pursue his profession. He began to preach in 1845, 
about which time he went to Arkansas, and became 
pastor at Eldorado. In 1853 he removed to Mount 
Lebanon, La., engaged in the practice of medicine 
there, and accepted the pastorate of the church. 
He has often been elected moderator of Red River 
Association, and vice-president of the State Con- 
vention ; filled the chair of Theology for a time in 
Mount Lebanon University ; was long the editor of 
the Louisiana Baptist, and editorial contributor to 
the Memphis Baptist; a forcible speaker, a pungent 
writer, an active Sunday-school worker and pro- 
moter of missions. 

Covenant, A Church. — All our older churches 
have " covenants,'" and most of those of later origin 
have followed the example of their fathers, though 
some have neither Articles of Faith nor church 
covenants. The covenant is a solemn obligation 
taken by each niember of a church to perform 
certain religious duties, as the following will show : 

CHURCH COVENANT. 

First. We believe that the Holy Scriptures were 
given by inspiration of God, and that they are the 
only certain rule of faith and practice. 



Second. Whereas various interpretations of the 
Sacred Word have been given by different denomi- 
nations of professed Christians, we hereby declare 
that the foregoing Articles of Faith (the covenant 
follows the articles) express our views of the mean- 
ing of the Word of God, which Holy Word we 
promise to search diligently and to make the man 
of our counsel. 

Third. We agree to contribute towai-ds the sup- 
port of the worship of God in our own church, and 
to spread the knowledge of Jesus in our own 
country and throughout the world according to our 
ability. 

Fourth. We hereby covenant and agree to walk 
in love and to live in peace, to sympathize with 
each other under all conditions and circumstances 
in life, to pray with and for one another, and to 
exhort and stir up each other unto every good word 
and work. 

Fifth. We solemnly promise, by the assistance 
of the Holy Spirit, to watch over each other with 
all kindness and Christian affection ; not suffering 
sin to rest upon a brother, but as far as God in hi* 
providence shall make it known to us, we will, in 
all cases of offense, take our Lord's direction in the 
18th chapter of Matthew, which says, " Moreover, 
if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and 
tell him his fault between thee and him alone ; if 
he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. 
But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee 
one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three 
witnesses every word may be established. And if 
he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the 
church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let 
him be unto thee as an heathen man and a pub- 
lican." And we will urge our utmost endeavors to 
maintain a scriptural discipline in the church. 

Sixth. Moreover, we covenant to meet on tlie first 
day of the week for public worship, and to fill up 
our places at all the appointed meetings of the 
church, as God shall give us health and opportunity. 
All and each of these duties we freely and most 
solemnly promise (by the assistance of the great 
Head of the church) to observe, until we are 
planted in the glorious church above. — Amen. 

Covenant Meetings. — Before the monthly cel- 
ebration of the Lord's Supper, in many parts of 
our country, a meeting is held for the members of 
the church, where they relate briefly their religious 
experience and renew their covenant with God and 
with each other. After the devotional exercises at 
the commencement of the service are over, the pas- 
tor relates such of God's dealings with his soul as 
in his judgment it is proper to communicate, then 
others follow, commonly in the order in which they 
are seated, beginning at the right or left of the 
pastor, and continuing until the end of the opposite 
side is reached. In these meetings the sisters speak 



COVUY 



CRAIG 



as well as the brethren. No one is obliged to utter 
a word. In some sections of our country covenant 
meetings are unknown. Where they are held they 
are regarded as eminently profitable. They are 
generally observed on the Saturday before the 
Lord's Supper is celebrated. 

Covey, J, N., L.D., was born in Madison Co., 
N. Y., Feb. 11, 1821 ; educated at Madison Uni- 
versity, N. Y., receiving his A.B., A.M., and D.D. 
from his alma mater; ordained at Lebanon, Tenn., 
1847, R. B. C. Howell preaching the ordination ser- 
mon ; raised the funds for the building of the female 
college at Brownsville, Tenn. ; president of Camp- 
bell Academy, Lexington, Tenn., and Masonic Col- 
lege, Palestine, Texas ; founded Concrete College, 
De Witt Co., Texas ; has been its president, and 
pastor of the church, at its location, for fourteen 
years. 

Cox, Francis Augustus, D.D., LL.D., was 
born at Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, England, 
in 1793. He was an only son, and inherited a con- 
siderable property. His family had for a long 
time been connected with the Baptist church of his 
native town, and he therefore grew up under favor- 
able religious influences, which led him in early 
life to devote himself to the ministry. When 
about eighteen years old he was admitted to Bris- 
tol College, then under the direction of Dr. Ry- 
land. On the completion of his studies he went to 
Edinburgh University, and at the expiration of the 
regular course took his degree. On the 4th of 
April, 1804, he was ordained pastor of the church 
at Clipstone, Northamptonshire, a service in which 
Andrew Fuller, Joseph Sutcliffe, and Robert Hall 
participated. His ministry was very successful for 
several years. On the failure of Mr. Hall's health, 
he was invited to supply the pulpit of the church 
at Cambridge, and arranged to do so for twelve 
months. No permanent engagement resulted, and 
Mr. Cox returned to Clipstone. Soon afterwards 
he resigned his charge, and at length accepted an 
invitation to settle at Hackney, London, in Octo- 
ber, 1811. The congregation being large, a new 
meeting-house was erected in Mare Street, and 
opened in the following year. With this charge 
he continued the remainder of his life, a period 
of nearly forty-two years. During the last six 
years of his ministry the Rev. Daniel Katterns, 
the present pastor, was happily associated with 
him as co-pastor. Throughout the greater part 
of this long career he took a leading place among 
the English Baptists, especially identifying him- 
self with public movements and philanthropic en- 
terprises, general and denominational. lie took 
a lively interest in the foreign mission ; promoted 
the formation of the Baptist Irish Society; for 
three years he was the secretary to the General 
Body of Dissenting Ministers of the three denomi- 



nations in London ; and he assisted at the formation 
of the Anti-State-Church Association, now known 
as the Liberation Society. His literary labors were 
considerable. He aided in the starting and direc- 
tion of the Baptist Magazine ; -wns one of the foun- 
ders of University College, London, and its librarian 
for some time. A variety of works, including the 
well-known " History of the Baptist Missionary 
Society," " Female Scripture Biography," and the 
" Life and Times of Melancthon," proceeded from 
his ever-ready pen. In 1824 he took part in a con- 
troversy concerning Scripture baptism with Drs. 
Dwight, Ewing, and Wardlaw, and ably maintained 
his denominational principles. At the request of 
the Baptist Union he visited this counti-y with Dr. 
Hoby, as a deputation from the English Baptists, 
in 1835, and wrote subsequently a narrative of the 
visit. He received degrees from Waterville and 
from Glasgow University, and was held in high es- 
teem by a very large circle of his contemporaries, 
as well without as within his own denomination. 
He died Sept. 5, 1853, aged seventy years. His 
genial manners, graceful courtesy, and practical 
wisdom gave him a wide influence, which was ever 
consecrated to the service of his brethren and the 
promotion of the gospel in the world. 

Coxe, Benjamin, M.A., was educated at either 
Oxford or Cambridge. After he graduated he re- 
ceived episcopal ordination, and for a considerable 
period he was a follower of the Romish Arminian- 
ism of Archbishop Laud. By the grace of God his 
heart was changed and his mind enlightened, and 
he became a strong Baptist. He was the son of an 
English lord bishop ; and he was a man of profound 
learning. His influence in favor of Baptists was 
vei-y great all over his country. He came to Co- 
ventry once to encourage the Baptist church ; 
Richard Baxter was then chaplain of the garrison 
of that town, and a " dispute first by word of mouth, 
then by writing, about infant baptism," took place 
between them. Mr. Baxter evidently had not the 
best part in the controversy ; for when the cham- 
pion of the Baptists came again to Coventry he was 
arrested, and Mr. Baxter was charged with using 
this conclusive argument to quiet Mr. Coxe. The 
Kidderminster bishop, while denying the charge, 
felt the accusation so keenly that he took steps to 
secure his release. He was an old man in 1644, 
but the time of his death is unknown. 

Craig, Rev. Elijah, an eminent pioneer preacher 
of Virginia and Kentucky, and brother of the 
famous Lewis Craig, was born in Orange Co., Va., 
about the year 1743. He was awakened to a 
knowledge of his lost estate under the preaching 
of the renowned David Thomas, in 1764. Next 
year he was encouraged by Samuel Harris to hold 
meetings among his neighbors. This he did, using 
his tobacco-barn for a meeting-house. Many were 



CRAIG 



CRAIG 



converted. In 17G6. Mr. Craig went to North 
Carolina, 'to get James Read to come and baptize 
him and others. He was ordained in May, 1771, 
at which time he became pastor of Blue Run 
church. Some time after this he was imprisoned for 
preaching the gospel. In jail he lived on rye bread 
and water, and preached to the people through the 
prison bars. He remained in Culpepper jail one 
month. After this " he was honored with a term in 
Orange jail." lie became one of the most useful and 
popular preachers in Virginia. He was several times 
sent as a delegate from the General Association to 
the Virginia Legislature, to aid in securing re- 
ligious liberty. In 1786 he removed to Scott Co., 
Ky. After this he labored but little in the min- 
istry. Being a good business man, he soon amassed 
a fortune, and was of great value to the new 
country. He established the first school in which 
the classics were taught, built the first rope-walk, 
the first fulling-mill, and the first paper-mill that 
existed in Kentucky. He died in 1808. 

Craig, Hugh K., D.D., was bom Jan. 30, 
1830, near Claysville, Washington Co., Pa. In July, 
1851, he was baptized into the fellowship of Pleas- 
ant Grove church. He was ordained in October, 
1854. For some time he devoted himself chiefly 
to mission work until 1858, when he became pastor 
of the Beulah Baptist church, Greene Co., Pa. In 
1868 he took pastoral charge of Waynesburgh and 
Bethlehem churches, Greene County. During this 
pastorate he was elected to the professorship of 
Greek and Hebrew in Waynesburgh College. In 
1875 he was appointed president of the Mononga- 
hela College, Jefferson, Pa. ; and at the same time 
he was chosen pastor of the Jefferson Baptist 
church. In June, 1880, the university at Lewis- 
burg conferred its doctorate of divinity upon him. 
The president of Monongahela College is a brother 
of scholarly attainments, a fine educator, a success- 
ful pastor, and a man of extensive influence for the 
truth. 

Craig, Rev. John T., was born in Alabama in 
1816; studied medicine in 1836 and 1837, and set- 
tled in Dallas Co., Ark., 1838. He began to preach 
in 1846, and labored efficiently in Dallas and the 
surrounding counties, building up several strong 
churches. After the war he settled at his present 
place of residence. New Edinburgh, Ark., where he 
gathered a church. 

Craig, Rev. Lewis, a distinguished pioneer 
Baptist preacher of Virginia and Kentucky, was 
born in Orange Co., Va., about the year 1737. He 
was first awakened by the preaching of Samuel 
Harris, about the year 1765. A great pressure of 
guilt induced him to follow the preacher from one 
meeting to another, and after the sermon he would 
rise in tears and assert that he was a justly con- 
demned sinner, and unless he was born again he 



could not be saved. His ministry thus began be- 
fore he had hope of conversion, and after conver- 
sion he continued preaching a considerable time 
before being ba[itized ; many were led to Christ 
under his labors. Soon after his conversion and 
before his baptism (there being no oi'dained min- 
ister near to baptize him) he was indicted "for 
preaching the gospel contrary to law." The cele- 
brated John Waller was one of the jurors in the 
case. The pious and prudent deportment of Mr. 
Craig during the trial was blessed to the conviction 
and conversion of Mr. Waller. The exact period 
of Mr. Craig's baptism is not known. He con- 
tinued preaching with great zeal until the 4th of 
June, 1768, when being engaged in public wor- 
ship, he and John Waller and James Childs were 
seized by the sherifi' and brought before three 
magistrates in the meeting-house yard, who lield 
them to bail in the sum of £1000 to appear before 
the court next day. They were required by the 
court to give security not to preach in the county 
within twelve months. This they refused to do, 
and were committed to jail. As they passed through 
the streets of Fredericksburg, from the court-house 
to the jail, they sang the hymn beginning, 

" Broad is the road that leads to death." 

During his confinement Mr. Craig preached 
through the prison bars to large crowds. He re- 
mained in jail a month and was then released. 
He immediately hastened to Williamsburg, and 
soon secured the liberation of his companions. 
Their impi-isonment seemed only to inflame their 
zeal, and they went everywhere preaching the 
Word. Mr. Craig was ordained and became pastor 
of Upper Spottsylvania church in November, 1770. 
But this did not prevent his preaching in the sur- 
rounding counties. In 1771 he was again aiTested 
and imprisoned for three months in Caroline County. 
He continued preaching with great zeal and suc- 
cess until 1781, when he and a majority of his 
church moved to Kentucky. He located on Gil- 
bert Creek, in what is now Garrard Count}'', early 
in December. The next year he gathered Forks 
of Dix River church in the same county. In 1783 
he and most of Gilbert's Creek church moved to the 
north side of Kentucky River and organized South 
Elkhorn church, in Fayette County. Here he re- 
mained about nine years, laboring zealously in all 
the sur.ounding country. A number of churches 
were founded, and Elkhorn Association was formed 
Oct. 1, 1785. About 1792 he moved to Bracken 
Co., Ky. Here he formed several churches, and 
" became in a manner the father of Bracken Asso- 
ciation." About the year 1828 " he died suddenly, 
of which he was forewarned, saying, ' I am going to 
such a house to die,' and with solemn joy went on 
to the place, and with little pain left the world." 



CRAMB 



286 



CRANE 



Cramb, Rev. A. B,, was bom in Weare, N. H., 
Jan. 2, 1827. At the age of thirteen the familj' 
removed to Illinois, settling in Woodfoi-d County, 
near Metamora. At sixteen he experienced re- 
ligion, and the year following entered Shurtleff 
College. He was licensed to preach in 1848, and 
entered upon service at once. Oct. 13, 1849, he 
was ordained at Richland. His principal pastorates 
were Metamora, 111., and St. Cloud, Minn. His 
health, however, began to fail early in his minis- 
try, and all efforts to re-establish it being in vain, 
he died at Metamora, Feb. 19, 1857, at the age of 
thirty. He was a young man of uncommon 
promise. His contributions to the denominational 
press were highly valued, while as a preacher he 
had excited expectations of high usefulness. His 
death thus early in his career was an occasion of 
widely-felt soitow. 

Cramp, John M., D.D., was born in England, 
July 25, 1796; baptized by his father Sept. 13, 




JOHN M. CEAMP, D.D. 

1812 ; ordained pastor of the Baptist church, Dean 
Street, London, May 7, 1818 ; was from 1827 to 
1840 associated with his father in the care of the 
Baptist church at St. Peter's, Isle of Thanet: be- 
came in 1840 pastor of the Baptist church of Has- 
tings, Sussex ; took charge in 1844 of the Baptist 
college, Montreal, Canada; became president of 
Acadia College, Nova Scotia, in 1851, and retired 
in 1869 from that position. Dr. Cramp has pub- 
lished " A Text-Book of Popery;" also a Baptist 
history and " Paul and Christ." Dr. Cramp's the- 
ology is sound, his labors have been abundant, and 
his influence and usefulness have been very great 



in the maritime provinces. He is also widely and 
favorably known in the United States, in which his 
works have been extensively circulated. 

Crandall, Rev. David, the son of Rev. Joseph 
Crandall, was born in 1798 in New Brunswick, 
Canada, where he was converted and baptized. He 
was ordained January, 1831 ; shared largely in the 
missionary spirit of his venerable father, and, 
though a pastor, did much work as an evangelist 
in his native province ; his labors have resulted in 
much spiritual good. He resides at Springfield, 
New Brunswick. 

Crandall, Rev. Joseph, one of the founders 

and fathers of the Baptist denomination in the 
maritime provinces of Canada, was born in Nova 
Scotia, and converted under a sermon by Rev. 
Joseph Dimock at Harris Harding's ordination, 
Sept. 16, 1794, at Onslow, -Nova Scotia; Oct. 8, 
1799, he was ordained pastor of the Baptist church 
just formed at Sackville, New Brunswick. His 
evangelistic labors at Sackville, Salisbury, and 
other portions of Westmorel.and, Albert, and King's 
Counties, up the river St. John, and in the northern 
counties of New Brunswick, were abundant, and 
attended with the blessing of God. In 1825 he 
evangelized in Prince Edward's Island. Mr. Cran- 
dall was deep in Christian experience, a sound 
theologian, an eloquent and a useful preacher of 
the gospel. His ministry exerted a powerful in- 
fluence in building up the Baptist denomination, 
especially in New Brunswick. He died Feb. 20, 
1858, aged eighty-six years. 

Crandall, Rev. Peter, brother of Rev. Joseph 
Crandall, entered the ministry in 1800; became 
pastor of Digljy Neck church. Nova Scotia, in 1809 ; 
visited Briar Island in 1819, preaching there with 
great success and baptizing. Preached for nearly 
thirty years on Digby Neck, Briar Island, and 
Long Island. He was earnest in the ministry of 
the gospel and mighty in prayer. Died April 2, 
1838, in the sixty-ninth year of his age. 

Crane, Cephas B., D.D., son of Rev. W. J. 
Crane, was born in Marion, Wayne Co., N. Y., 
March 28, 1833. He graduated at the University of 
Rochester in the class of 1858, and at the Rochester 
Theological Seminary in 1860. In October, 1860, 
he was ordained pastor of the South Baptist church, 
Hartford, Conn., and remained there nearly eigh- 
teen years. In April, 1878, he accepted a call to 
the pastorate of the First Baptist church in Boston, 
where he is now laboring. Rochester University 
conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Di- 
vinity in 1868. 

Crane, James C, was born in Newark, N. J.. 
Sept. 7, 1803. He was the youngest brother of 
William Crane, and from his boyhood to his death 
was associated with him in business, and one with 
him in all the great and noble enterprises which 



CRANE 



287 



CRANE 



occupied the hand and heart of the older brother. 
His early education was limited, and yet, like his 
brotiier, he became a man of very varied and ac- 
curate information. He was a leader in every re- 




CEPIIAS B. CRANE, D.D. 

ligious and philanthropic enterprise. As a business 
man neither Richmond nor Baltimore ever saw his 




JAMES C. CRANE. 



superior in apcuracy, dispatch, or integrity. He 
was an excellent vocalist, and had natural gifts as 
a speaker. He filled successfully, and for a long 



series of years, the offices either of clerk, secretary, 
treasurer, or moderator of the Dover Association 
and the General Association of Virginia. He was 
a model Sunday-school superintendent. He was a 
Christian merchant and made money to do good 
with it. His pastors, D. Roper, J. B. Taylor, J. B. 
Jeter, B. Manly, Jr., and J. L. Burrows regarded 
him as no ordinary deacon, and when he died Dr. 
Burrows took for the text of his funeral discourse, 
" And he will be missed, for his seat will be empty." 
One son survives him. He died March 31, 1856, 
in Richmond, Va., where he had lived about forty 
years. A brief and interesting memoir of him was 
prepared and published by Dr. J. L. Burrows. 

Crane, Rev. Origen, was born in Mansfield, 
Conn., July 26, 1804. He connected himself with 
the Newton Theological Institution, and graduated 
in the class of 1826. Immediately on graduation 
he accepted a call to the Second Baptist church in 
Newton, located at Newton Upper Falls. He was 
the pastor of this church three years, and in 1839 
he accepted a call to the church in AVeston, Jlass., 
where he remained thirteen years. For two or 
three yeai's he was the agent of the American and 
Foreign Bible Society. The last years of his life 
were spent in trying to help the feeble churches by 
such labors as his health allowed him to perform. 
He died April 20, 1860, at New England Village, 
Mass. 

Crane, William, was born in Newark, N. J., May 
6, 1790. His great-great-grandfather, Jasper Crane, 
was one of the original settlers of Newark, and 
its first magistrate. His great-grandfather, Aza- 
riah Crane, married Mary Treat, daughter of 
Gov. Robert Treat, who withstood Sir Edmund 
Andross in his demand for that charter of the 
colony which was hidden in " the Charter Oak." 
His father, RuFus Crane, was a soldier of the Revo- 
lutionary war. His mother was Charity Campbell, 
a descendant of Benjamin Baldwin, who, with 
Jasper Crane, was also one of the original settlers 
of Newark. His father lost his property by the 
Revolutionary war, and he was compelled at eleven 
years of age to leave the paternal roof and rely on 
himself, and thereafter was never dependent on 
any human being for assistance in the afiairs of 
life. He learned.a trade and pursued it till twenty- 
one years of age. In 1811 he migrated to Rich- 
mond, Va., and was an eye-witness of the burning 
of the Richmond theatre, which destroyed the gov- 
ernor of Virginia and many others. He married 
Miss Lydia Dorset, July 9, 1812, and after her de- 
cease, Sept. 26, 1830, married Miss Jean N. Daniel, 
July 30, 1831. "With varying success and severe 
reverses he prosecuted his mercantile business in 
Richmond till November, 1834, never fixiling to 
meet every financial obligation. From 1834 to 
1866 he carried on his business in Baltimore, Md., 



CRANE 



288 



CRANE 



associated with his brother, James C. Crane, for a 
large portion of the time in both cities, and with 
his sons Amlrew Fuller, John Daniel, and James 
Conway the latter part of his life. lie was in all 



r. 



,,/^ 




WILLIAM CRANE. 

respects a Christian merchant, doing business for 
the honor of God and with an eye to his glory. 
He was converted under the preaching of Daniel 
Sharp and Edmund Dorr Griffin in Newark, N. J. 
For a while he was a member of Dr. Archibald 
Maclay's church in New York City. But his life's 
work was in Richmond and Baltimore. He was 
one of the original members of the Second Baptist 
church, Richmond, Va., and for many years its 
leading supporter. He was the founder of the 
Richmond African Baptist Missionary Society, from 
which Lott Cary was induced to go to Liberia. 
He taught, with David Roper, the first African 
school ever started in Richmond. He conceived 
the design, initiated the plan, accepted the first 
draft of $677 for outfit of the Religious Herald, 
and for three years advanced the sums needed to 
secure it the patronage necessary to give the paper 
a living support. These sums afterwards were 
refunded by AVilliam Sands to his firm when suc- 
cess attended the enterprise. He was one of the 
originators of Richmond College (then Virginia 
Baptist Seminary), and with Archibald Thomas 
purchased Spring Farm, each giving $1000, and 
taking subscriptions from others, in the name of 
Virginia Baptist Education Society, for the bal- 
ance. He originated the idea of organizing Calvert 
Street church, Baltimore, purchased the house, and 
saw a flourishing and prosperous church grow from 



ten members (six of whom were of his own family), 
and then divided, a part to become High Street 
church, and another part, with himself and'fnmily, 
to amalgamate with the Seventh church, under the 
pastorship of Richard Fuller, under whose ministry 
he lived for the last twenty-one years of his life. 
He labored zealously to establish Saratoga Street 
African Baptist church, and through all his life 
employed tongue, pen, and purse to benefit the 
African race. In missions and general benevolence 
he was worthy of being the associate of William 
Colgate, of New York, Friend Humphrey, of Al- 
bany, and Heman Lincoln, of Boston. He enjoyed 
the confidence of, and was co-laborer in all good en- 
terprises in Virginia with, Robert B. Semple, James 
B. Taylor, Robert Ryland, Jeremiah B. Jeter, and 
Abner W. Clopton, and in all Northern organiza- 
tions was the trusted counselor and co-worker with 
Spencer H. Cone, Francis Wayland, Nathaniel 
Kendrick, and Daniel Sharp. He was a Sunday- 
school teacher for nearly fifty yeai's, and annually 
read the Bible through for the same time. He was 
a trustee of, and liberal contributor to. Columbian 
College, D. C. His sagacity in matters of church 
and state was so rare that results generally hap- 
pened as he predicted. He died in Baltimore, Sept. 
28, 1866, having given away large sums of money 
for Christ's cause, having led many to Christ by 
his conversation, and having exerted all his powers 
for God's glory. Of his children four are known 
to the religious, literary, or political world. A 
notice of his son, William Carey, appears on an- 
other page. His second son, Adoniram Judson 
Crane, was born Nov. 2. 1817 ; educated at Rich- 
mond Cullege, Va. ; Mount Pleasant Classical In- 
stitution, Amherst, Mass. ; Columbian College, 
D. C. ; Madison University, N. Y. ; and graduated 
from Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. ; was a 
member of Second church, Richmond, Va., for 
many years ; married a great-granddaughter of John 
Adams, second President of the United States ; 
practised law at the Richmond bar twenty-eight 
years; edited political and literary journals; served 
in the Legislature of Virginia as representative 
of Richmond, and as U. S. District Attorney 
under Abraham Lincoln. He wrote some small 
poems which are gems, and delivered many lec- 
tures, such as the " Toils and Rewards of Litera- 
ture," " Mechanism of Faces," and others worthy 
of a place in standard English literature. As a 
lawyer, politician, orator, literary man, man of 
genius, no one ranked him at the Richmond bar, 
when his untimely decease occurred. Jan. 2, 1867. 
Andrew Fuller Crane, the third son, born Feb. 17, 
1820, was educated in the Richmond schools and 
Oneida Institute, Whitesborough, N. Y. ; was as- 
sociated with his father in Baltimore in business 
nearly all his life ; distinguished as a worker in 



CRANE 



289 



CRANE 



all noble Christian enterprises, remarkable as a 
Sunday-school superintendent, gifted as a speaker 
and as a vocalist of superior musical powers, genial 
as a friend, and attractive as a conversationalist ; 
a leader in the city and State organizations of 
Maryland for charities, reform, and education ; 
often an officer of the representative bodies of Bap- 
tists in Maryland, and the Southern Baptist Con- 
vention. He has been ever a warm supporter of 
Richard Fuller and William T. Brantly, Jr. 

Crane, Wm. Carey, D.D., LL.D., was ijnrn in 
Richmond, Va., March IT, 1816 ; educated in the 




WM. CAREY CRANE, D.D., LL.D. 

best schools of the city of Richmond ; also in Rich- 
mond College, Va. ; Mount Pleasant Classical Insti- 
tution, Amherst, Mass. ; Columbian College, D. C. ; 
and Madison University, N. Y. His A.B. and A.M. 
are from Columbian College, D. C. ; his D.D. from 
Howard College, Ala. ; and his LL.D. from Baylor 
University, Texas. His opportunities have enabled 
him to become a profound scholar, and he now 
ranks among the most useful, laborious, and able 
Baptists in the Southern States. His early life was 
passed in Virginia. He was converted through the 
agency of a conversation with Robert Ryland, first 
president of Richmond College, and he was bap- 
tized by James B. Taylor, D.D., July 27, 1832. 
He is the oldest son of William Crane, — sketched 
in another article, — late of Baltimore, Md. He 
was licensed to preach by Second church, Rich- 
mond, Va., and ordained Sept. 23, 1838, in Balti- 
more, Md., by request of Calvert Street church. 
When twenty-one years of age he was elected a 
professor in the Baptist Seminary, now Richmond 



College, Va., but declined, and spent from Novem- 
ber, 1837, to February, 1839, teaching and preach- 
ing in Georgia. From February, 1839, to January, 
1851, he was pastor at Montgomery, Ala., Colum- 
bus, Vicksburg, and Yazoo City, Miss. He lias 
been called to the presidency of five colleges for 
males, and six for females, which he declined. He 
has been president of Yazoo Classical Hall, Miss. ; 
]Mississippi Female College, Hernando. Miss. ; Sem- 
ple Broaddus College, Centre Hill, Miss. ; Mount 
Lebanon University, La. He was elected presi- 
dent of Baylor University, Independence, Texas, 
in July, 1863, and has held that position ever since, 
and J. AV. D. Creath expresses the sentiments of 
Texas in saying that no one in or out of Texas 
could have done better than he has done in its ad- 
ministration, under all the surrounding difficulties 
during that time. He has sacrificed $40,000 of 
salary, spent over §5000 of his own means, and 
contributed nearly $2000 from his own purse for 
various objects connected with its interests. He 
has been either a contributor to or editor of news 
journals, periodicals, magazines, and reviews since 
his seventeenth year ; has preached in all sorts 
of places, from a stump in the forest to the ele- 
gantly-furnished audience-room in New York, Lou- 
isville, Richmond, and Baltimore ; has published a 
large number of sermons and literary addresses ; 
has addressed large convocations of Masons, Odd- 
Fellows, and Friends of Temperance, and heid 
the most honorable State offices in these orders ; is 
a member of numerous national and State liter- 
ary and scientific organizations ; has by invitation 
of the Legislature delivered addresses from the 
Speaker's stand at Jackson, Miss., and Austin, 
Texas ; was selected by his county in 1870 to de- 
liver the memorial address of Robert E. Lee, and 
in 1876 was chosen to deliver the Centennial ora- 
tion ; has published the " Memoir of Mrs. A. F. 
Crane," "Literary Discourses," and a "Collection 
of Arguments and Opinions on Baptism ;" and he is 
now publishing in lessons a " Baptist Catechism." 
A collection of his writings would fill half a dozen 
volumes. He was first married to Miss Alceta Flora 
Galusha, of Rochester, N. Y., whose grandfather, 
grand-uncle, and great-grandfather were twenty- 
nine years governors of Vermont. She lived ten 
years. He was next married to Miss Jane S. 
Wright, at Rome, N. Y., who lived about sixteen 
months. His last marriage was April 26, 1845, to 
Miss Kate Jane Shepherd, Mobile, Ala. 

The Rev. Z. N. Morrell,- in his " Flowers and 
Fruits from the Wilderness, or Thirty-six Years 
in Texas," says, " As a scholar, he has but (cvr 
equals, and his superiors are very scarce. His 
conversation, his literary addresses, and his ser- 
mons all show that he is not only a profound 
scholar, but that he has always been a student. 



OR A WFORD 



CRAWFORD 



and he is a student still. His mental discipline is 
of the most rigid character. In person he is of 
medium height, with compact form, inclined to 
corpulency." For twelve years he was secretary 
of the Southern Baptist Convention, and in 1870, 
1874, 1877, and 1878 he was a vice-president of that 
body. In fact, during a long life, and ever since 
his seventeenth year, he has been an officer of re- 
ligious bodies in the States of Virginia, Alabama, 
MississipJDi, Louisiana, and Texas. He was presi- 
dent of the Mississippi State Convention for two 
years ; of the Louisiana State Convention for three 
years ; and he has been president of the Texas Bap- 
tist State Convention since 1871, and he now dis- 
charges the duties of this office, with three other 
offices, as well as the presidency of Baylor Univer- 
sity, and the pastorate of Independence church. 
He is now occupied on works for the press, among 
them the " Life of Sam Houston." Though en- 
gaged most of his life as an educator, with happy 
success, he has always had charge of churches in 
such important places as Montgomery, Ala. •, Co- 
lumbus, Vicksburg, Yazoo City, Hernando, Miss. ; 
Memphis, Tenn. ; Mount Lebanon, La. ; and Inde- 
pendence, Texas. He is a member of the "Ameri- 
can Philological Association," and various college 
societies. He has preached a large number of ser- 
mons. It is supposed about 2500 persons have 
been converted through his instrumentality. He 
has exercised no little influence in the denomina- 
tion, and stands among the first as a scholar, a 
speaker, a theologian, a parliamentarian, and a 
sound, thoroughgoing Baptist, one who has per- 
formed a large share of that hard work which has 
given tone and character to the Baptist denomina- 
tion South, and elevated it to its present position 
of power and usefulness. 

Crawford, Charles E., a prominent teacher and 
Sunday-school worker in Northwestern Louisiana, 
was born in Alabama in 1838 ; graduated at Mis- 
sissippi College in 1858 ; at the time of his death, 
in 1877, he was principal of Keachi Male iVcad- 
eniy. 

Crawford, W. M., D.D., f )r years the ablest 
Baptist scholar in Georgia, and one of tlie best 
preachers in the State, was born near Lexington, 
in Oglethorpe County, March 22, 181 1. His father 
was Hon. Wm. H. Crawford, U. S. Senator, and 
Secretary of War under President Taylor. The 
boyhood of N. M. Crawford was spent in Wash- 
ington City; but in his fifteenth year he entered 
the University of Georgia, graduating at eighteen 
with the first honor. At twenty-five he became a 
professor in Oglethorpe College, near Milledgeville. 
At that time he was a Presbyterian. 

When twenty-nine years of age he married, and 
it was while seeking Scripture authority for infant 
baptism, after the birth of his first child, that he 



became convinced of the correctness of Baptist 
views. Soon afterwards he was baptized, and 
leaving Oglethorpe College, he became pastor of 
the Baptist church at Washington, Ga., where he 
resided a year. He was then transferred to a 
larger field, succeeding Dr. Wm. T, Brantly, the 
elder, in the pastorate of the First Baptist church 
at Charleston, S. C. His ministry there continued 
for two years only, as he accepted the chair of 
Theology in Mercer University in 1846, which he 
filled with great ability for ten years, preaching 
constantly in the neighboring churches. He then 
succeeded Dr. Dagg in the presidency of Mercer 
University, but soon retired from the position and 
accepted the professorship of Moral Philosophy in 
the University of Mississippi, at Oxford. In the 
fall of 1857 he became Professor of Theology in 
Georgetown, Ky., but in the following summer he 
was recalled to his native State, and installed, for 
the second time, as president of Mercer University, 
and he remained at the head of that institution 
seven successive years. In 1865, after the war, 
the great monetary depression caused a suspension 
of the exercises of Mercer University, and Dr. 
Crawford accepted the presidency of Georgetown 
College, Ky., and continued in that position until 
failing health, in 1871, caused his resignation. He 
expired at the residence of his son, in Walker Co., 
Ga., Oct. 27, 1871. 

Dr. Crawford was a man of surpassing talents 
and wonderful acquirements. He was in the true 
sense of the term a genius. In the entire circle 
of science he was thoroughly versed, and his ac- 
quaintance with the whole range of knowledge 
was astonishing. As a linguist, besides his native 
tongue, he knew thoroughly' French, Latin, Greek, 
and Hebrew. As a mathematician his knowledge 
extended through the calculus. Ho -was familiar 
with the great problems of astronomy and with the 
teachings of natural philosophy. He had a very 
respectable knowledge of natural science, includ- 
ing chemistry, mineralogy, geologj', and botany. 
In metaphysics he was well-read, and before his 
conversion he made himself perfectly familiar with 
law as a science. Few men were his equals in 
knowledge of English literature, while he had 
carefully studied the history of the world, from 
Adam down to the present time. And in theology 
he was conversant with the thoughts of all our 
best writers. Take him all in all, Dr. Crawford 
was perhaps the most learned man the State of 
Georgia has ever produced. While a college pres- 
ident he could take the post of any professor who 
might be temporarily absent, with equal facility 
hearing a recitation in the higher branches of 
mathematics, or in chemistry, natural philosophy, 
Latin, Greek, logic, theology, or in secular or 
ecclesinstical history. Accepting the New Testa- 



CRA WFORD 



291 



CRA WFORD 



ment as his only teacher, he brought all his learn- 
ing to the feet of Jesus, and a " thus saith the 
Lord" was for him decisive of evei-y question of 
faith or duty. Hence he was a thorough Baptist. 
In the pulpit he was an exceedingly instructive 
preacher: his method was clear, his style was 
transparent, and his argument was conclusive. In 
preaching he relied chiefly for his good effects upon 
his appeals to the understanding, for in pathos, in 
appeals to the feelings, and in the power of per- 
suasion he was not equal to many who were his 
inferiors in learning. But he more than made up 
for his deficiency in these respects by the power 
of his facts and the conclusiveness of his reason- 
ing; yet there were times when he spoke with 
melting pathos and the most commanding elo- 
quence. His heart was tender and sympathetic, 
and large-souled generosity and benevolence were 
natural to him. He was a man of remarkable 
frankness, uttering his sentiments always with 
most outspoken candor. Though far removed from 
levity, his conversation abounded with humor, and 
he seemed to have an inexhaustible fund of anec- 
dotes, with which to entertain a friend or illustrate 
a truth. One phase of his character should not 
be overlooked : he had in a high degree the quali- 
ties of a statesman ; had he chosen politics for his 
profession, he would have been among the foremost 
of our great national leaders, whose fame would 
have lived as long as our glorious republic. 

His mind was brilliant, his fancy luxuriant, and 
his oratorical powers of the first order. A man of the 
highest moral excellence, his Christian spirit shone 
with distinguished lustre in all the relations of life ; 
and his Christian character was not only without a 
blemish, but was in a most eminent degree exalted. 
Throughout his life of untiring industry and perse- 
vering study, of profound humility and childlike 
simplicity, of wide-spread benevolence, adorned by 
a genial flow of pleasant humor, a genuine and 
thorough consecration to Jesus reigned. With 
genius and capacity that would have made him 
shine brightly in any sphere of life, and which 
would have reached not only distinction, but 
fame, in any pursuit, he preferred to give himself 
to the service of him whose kingdom is not of 
this world. In that service he rose to exalted 
eminence among his brethren, accomplished an 
amount of good rarely allotted to one man, and 
exerted an influence beneficial in the highest de- 
gree for religion and for his own denomination. 

Crawford, Rev. Peter, was born in Virginia 
in 1809 ; professed religion in 1831, and soon after 
became a minister ; received a liberal education in 
■what is now known as Richmond College, Virginia. 
Having a rare faculty for teaching, his life was 
principally devoted to educating the young, al- 
though engaged regularly in preaching. In 1835 



he removed to Marion, Ala., and founded the now 
justly famed Judson Female Institute. After 
teaching some time in Central Female College, 
Miss., in 1866 he became president of Keachi 
Female College, at Keachi, La., where he ended his 
labors, April 25, 1873. 

Crawford, Rev. Wm. B., pastor of the Baptist 
church at Madison, Ga., is the son of the dis- 
tinguished Wm. H. Crawford, and younger brother 
of Dr. N. M. Crawford, for years president of 
Mercer University. He was born on the 14th of 
September, 1821, at Washington City, and was 
educated at Oglethorpe University, Ga., and at 
Lexington, Ky., where he studied medicine. He 
received the degree of M.D. from the medical col- 
lege at Augusta, Ga., and for thirty-three years 
practised his profession with great success, except 
when president of a female college at Cedar Town, 
Ga., in 1854 and 1855, and, also, for the brief 
period during which he occupied the chair of 
Natural Science at Mercer University, in 1846. 

He united with the Madison church in 1848, and 
was licensed to preach the following year. The 
church called him to its pastorate and to ordi- 
nation in 1874, and he has sustained the pastoral 
relation to the present time, rendering valuable and 
acceptable service. He belongs to the expository 
class of preachers, his discourses being marked 
with great plainness and simplicity. He is a man 
of high mental cultivation, of comprehensive learn- 
ing, of great independence of character, and a clear 
and accurate thinker. For some years he was a 
Presbyterian, but a careful study of the New Tes- 
tament led him to change his ecclesiastical relations 
and unite with the Baptists. Had he entered the 
ministry in early life, he would have achieved high 
reputation as a preacher. UnaS"ected modesty and 
self-distrust have kept him in the background some- 
what, but he is a most faithful preacher of the 
gospel, and the purity and integrity of his private 
life, united Avith his constant endeavors exactly to 
obey the Word of God, give him an exalted Chris- 
tian chai'acter. In social intercourse he is pleasant, 
humorous, and instructive, though not inclined 
readily to cultivate the acquaintance of others. 

Crawford, Rev. William Jackson, is editor 
of The Beacon, the Baptist paper of Oregon, sec- 
retary of the Baptist Convention of the North 
Pacific Coast, and pastor of the Baptist church at 
Albany, Oregon. As pastor of one of the important 
churches, and editor, by election of the Convention, 
of which he is secretary, he occupies positions of 
great prominence and responsibility for one so 
young. Albany is his first pastorate, which he as- 
sumed Dec. 11, 1878. His work has been blessed, 
42 converts having been baptized. He was born in 
Macoupin Co., 111., Dec. 12, 1849 ; was converted 
and baptized at seventeen : studied at Blackburn 



CRAWFORD 



CRAWLEY 



(Presbyterian) College for a time, and five years at 
Shui-tlefif College, graduating at the close of a full 
classical and theological course in 1878. He was 
ordained Dec. 21, 1875, by Mount Pleasant church, 
111. While in college supplied several churches. 

Crawford, Rev. Wm. L., a minister of George- 
town, Ga., was born Feb. 22, 1802, and was baptized 
into the fellowship of the Benevolence church, in 
Randolph County, in July, 1842, after reaching the 
age of forty. In April, 1846, he was ordained. 
He was truly a man of God. He began to preach 
about three years after his baptism, and soon be- 
came a strong and zealous minister. He served 
many churches, and was universally popular, al- 
though a high-toned Calvinist in sentiment, and to 
the day of his death an old landmark Baptist. He 
possessed a firm mind, a retentive memory, and an 
intellect of towering capacity. One of the most 
sociable of men, he was truly a peace-maker ; 
through modesty and meekness rarely speaking 
at Conventions and Associations. He was made 
moderator of the Bethel Association for fourteen 
years in succession, and within the bounds of that 
able body no man stood higher. In person he was 
large and portly, his mind and body seeming to be 
admirably apportioned. He had charge of various 
churches in Southwestern Georgia during a minis- 
terial career of about thirty years, and he was a 
successful preacher and pastor. When he died, in 
1878, the Bethel Association adopted in his honor 
a report very complimentary to his character and 
abilities. 

Crawford, Rev. W, W., a prominent minister 
at Dardanelles, Ark., was born in Pennsylvania in 
1816; was baptized at Mount Lebanon, La., in 
1845 ; began to preach in 1853, and was ordained 
at Meriden, La., in 1856, and supplied the church at 
Fillmore, La. In 1859 he removed to Avoyelles 
Parish, and became joint pastor of Evergreen and 
Big Cane churches. Both these churches prospered 
under his ministry. Here he continued nine years, 
sharing with them all the hardships incident to a 
country where hostile armies were constantly 
marching and countermarching. He was pastor 
one year at Gilmer, Texas, after which he accepted 
a call from Dardanelles, Ark. Under his ministry 
a new church was built, and the membership grew 
from 25 to 84 members. 

Crawley, Rev. Arthur R. R., was born in 
Cape Breton in 1831. He graduated at Acadia 
College in 1849, and pursued his theological studies 
at Newton, where he graduated in 1853. He sailed 
from this country the following December, under 
appointment as a missionary to Burmah. In Oc- 
tober, 1854, he went to Henthada, a town having a 
population of from 20,000 to 30,000 inhabitants, 
and situated 120 miles above Rangoon, on the 
river Irrawaddy. Here he labored for several years 



with marked ability and success. At the end of 
one year the Henthada Mission included 8 churches 
and 150 members, and at the time of IMr. Crawley's 
death, twenty-three years after he commenced his 
labors there, the number of churches, Burman and 
Karen, was 54, with a membership of 1930 persons. 
The Executive Board testifies that Mr. Crawley 
" was one of the most unsparing and effective 
workers that ever labored among tlie heathen. And 
he was as judicious as he was enterprising. It is 
seldom that a Christian laborer has built more 
wisely ; and no man who has labored among the 
Burmans has attained a more marked success in 
winning souls. After more than twenty-one years 
spent in the field, while in the harness, and pro- 
ducing larger numerical results than any other man 
devoted to Burman evangelization, he laid down his 
work with his life on the 9th of October, 1876, at 
the early age of forty-five years. He has left a 
name worthy to be enrolled among the heroes of 
the heroic age of Christian missions." 

Crawley, Edmund Albern, D.D., was born in 
England, Jan. 20, 1799; brought up in Sydney. 




EDMUND ALBERN CRAWLEV, D.D. 

Cape Breton ; graduated from King's College, Nova 
Scotia, 1819 ; converted in Granville, and baptized 
at Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1827 ; abandoned the 
law, and studied Biblical interpretation under 
Prof. Moses Stuart, at Andover ; was ordained at 
Providence, R. I., in 1830 ; from 1832 was pastor 
of Granville Street church. Halifax, Nova Scotia, 
for thirteen years ; became professor in Acadia 
College at its inception, January, 1839. Brown 
University honored him in 1846 with D.D. Be- 



CREATE 



293 



CREEDS 



came president of Acadia College in 1854 ; subse- 
quently spent some years in the United States ; 
and in 1867 resumed professorship in Acadia, and 
is now principal of the theological department in 
that college. Dr. Crawley was very prominent in 
originating the educational movement among the 
Baptists in Nova Scotia, and also in carrying for- 
ward the work. He possesses a philosophic mind 
and splendid talents ; is highly cultured. He is a 
sound theologian and a magnificent preacher. 

death, Rev. Joseph W. D., was born in 
Mecklenburg Co.. Ta., Feb. 3, 1809. His father, 




REV. JOSEPH W. 



AVm. Creath, was a Baptist minister between thirty 
and forty years. He was educated at the Virginia 
Baptist Seminary (now Richmond College), and 
graduated December, 1837 : served churches in 
Virginia as pastor till 1846, then he removed to 
Texas under appointment as a missionary from the 
Domestic Mission Board of the Southern Baptist 
Convention. From that time to this period, whether 
as pastor at Huntsville or Cold Springs, chaplain 
of the penitentiary, or as agent for Bible revision, 
the San Antonio church, or the State Convention, 
no man has been in labors more abundant, untiring, 
and self-sacrificing. He raised more money for 
missions and the erection of houses of worship, 
and he constituted more churches, than any man in 
the Southwest. Ever busy doing good in all at- 
tainable ways, singing, praying, writing, preach- 
ing. J. W. D. Creath is the most apostolic man in 
Texas, and never received over SoOO as an annual 
salary. He has been moderator of Union Associa- 
tion, president of the State Convention, president 



of the trustees of Baylor University, and vice-pres- 
ident of the Southern Baptist Convention. As a 
financier, a sound theologian, a thorough Baptist, 
and a bold, efi'ective, evangelical preacher, he stands 
very high. 
Credentials, or Certificate of Ordination.— 

This document is given by the Council or Presby- 
tery that ordains a brother to the ministry, and the 
following form has been used : 

" To all people to -whom these presents shall 
come the subscribers send greeting : Convened at 
Blanktown on the 1st day of May, 1818, by the 
Baptist church of that city, for the purpose of 
setting apart the bearer to the work of the Chris- 
tian ministry by solemn ordination, we made a 
careful examination of the candidate in reference 
to his conversion, call to the ministry, and views 
of Bible doctrine, and being fully satisfied about 
his piety, divine call, knowledge of the "Word, and 
gifts for the ministry, we did, therefore, in the 
presence of said church, and at its request, sol- 
emnly ordain to the sacred office of the ministry, 
by prayer and the imposition of hands, our worthy 

brother, the Rev. . whom we recommend 

to the confidence and respect of the churches. 

•• , Clerk. 

" . 3foderaiory 

Creeds, Advantageous. — Every thinking man 
has a creed about jDolitics, religion, and the best 
manner of conducting the business with which he 
is most familiar. It may not be printed, it may not 
be communicated in words except in special cases, 
but it surely exists in all intelligent minds. And 
if the reader can remember a denomination with- 
out an avowed Confession of Faith he •will find that 
in that community there is an understood creed just 
as real, and as well known by those familiar with 
its people and its teachings, as if every one of its 
members carried a printed copy of it in his hand. 

Baptists have always gloried that the Bible was 
their creed, and at the same time for centuries they 
have had published Confessions of Faith. In our 
denomination these articles of belief have always 
occupied a subordinate position ; they are never 
placed on a level with the Scriptures, much less 
above them. They are used to protect our unity, 
to preserve our peace, and to instruct our memljers. 
In the church to which the writer ministers a copy 
of its "Articles of Faith" and '• Church Covenant" 
is given to each person intending to unite with it 
by baptism or letter. That the universal adoption 
of this practice would be attended by the happiest 
results we have no doubt. 

"We have been present at many councils to recog- 
nize new churches for the last twenty-seven years, 
and in every instance the community gave either a 
well-known Confession of F.aith as their creed, or 
they submitted a series of Articles of Faith com- 



CREEDS 



294 



CRESSET 



piled for their own use in harmony with our ac- 
knowledged doctrines. We do not think it possible 
for any body of professed Christians to be " ac- 
knowledged" by a council of our denomination as a 
regular Baptist church, without Articles of Faith. 

No candidate for the ministry would be ordained 
by a church unless the council called to give it ad- 
vice on the question had received from the young 
man a confession of faith which embraced the 
teachings of our revered fathers, — views of doctrine 
resting wholly^ on the Word of God. 

Our demand for many hundreds of years, that 
nothing shall exist among us in faith or practice 
without an inspired warrant, has made the authors 
of our creeds extremely careful in their prepara- 
tion, and the common use of such Articles of Faith 
among Baptists has trained them to a uniformity 
in orthodox sentiment which occasionally excites 
surprise in other communities. We have no section 
of our denomination denouncing the creeds of their 
brethren as unworthy of the progress of this ad- 
vanced age. It is an extraordinary occurrence when 
an irttelligent Baptist strays into the crooked paths 
of so-called rationalism, or into any of the mis 
njimed "liberal" Christian communities. 

The extensive use of a creed in Baptist churches 
should be encoui-aged by earnest Christians who 
love our Scriptural principles. We are not sur- 
prised to see that the greatest of living Baptist 
preachers writes, " The arch-enemy of truth has 
invited us to level our walls and take away our 
fenced cities. He has cajoled some true-hearted 
but weak-headed believers to advocate this crafty 
policy ; and, from the best of motives, some foolish 
brethren are almost prepared to execute the cunning 
design. ' Away with creeds and bodies of divinity !' 
This is the cry of the day. Ostensibly, it is rever- 
ence for the Bible and attachment to charity which 
dictates the clamorous denunciation ; but at the 
bottom it is hatred of definite truth, and especially 
of the doctrines of grace, which has suggested the 
absurd outcry. As Philip of Macedon hated the 
Grecian orators because they were the watch-dogs 
of the flock, so there are wolves who desire the 
destruction of our doctrinal formularies, that they 
may make havoc of the souls of men by their pes- 
tilent heresies. . . . Wei-e there no other argument 
in favor of articles and creeds, the detestation of 
Neologians might go far to establish them in Chris- 
tian estimation. Weapons which are offensive to 
our enemies should never be allowed to rust. . . . 
The pretense that articles of faith fetter the mind, 
is annihilated by the fact that the boldest thinkers 
are to be found among men who are not foolhardy 
to forsake the old landmarks. He who finds his 
creed a fetter has none at all, for to the true be- 
liever a plain statement of his faith is no more a 
chain than a sword-belt to the soldier, or a girdle 



to the pilgrim. If there were any fear that Scrip- 
ture would be displaced by handbooks of theology, 
we should be the first to denounce them ; but there 
is not the shadow of a reason for such a dream, 
since the most Bible-reading of all nations is that 
in which the Assembly's (Westminster) Catechism 
is learned by almost every mother's son." (Spur- 
geon's " Prefatory Recommendation" to Stock's 
" Handbook of Theology," pp. 7, 8, 9. London, 
1862.) 

We strongly urge the enlarged use of Confes- 
sions of Faith among church members; and with 
them, for the young, we could not too earnestly 
advise parents to employ the Catechism in their 
own homes. This neglected custom of the past 
should be revived in every Baptist family in the 
world, and all our Lord's-day schools should place 
the same little work in their regular system of re- 
ligious training. Reach's Catechism, with all the 
soundness of its distinguished author, two hundred 
years old, and others of later date, can be had for 
a trifle from the Baptist Publication Society. We, 
ourselves, derived incalculable benefits from a 
thorough drilling in the Westminster Catechism in 
childhood, and we commend to all our brethren 
a Baptist Catechism and Confession for children 
and adults. 

Cressey, Rev. George Angell, pastor of the 

Baptist church in Kenosha, Wis., is a native of 
Cincinnati, O., where, he was born Nov. 8, 1843. 
He is a son of Rev. T. R. Cressey, a well-known 
and dearly-beloved pioneer missionary of the 
Northwest, who died in 1870. His mother was 
Josephine Going Cressey. His father was pastor 
in Indianapolis, Ind., and here the subject of this 
sketch spent his early youth. At the age of ten 
years his father removed to St. Paul, Minn., M'hich 
became the family home for several years. In 
1862, George enlisted, and served three years in 
the ranks. While in the army, in 1864, he ob- 
tained a hope in Christ, having been deeply con- 
victed of his sinful condition by the death of an 
irreligious comrade. In 1867 he was baptized by 
Rev. Dr. Buckley into the fellowship of the Bap- 
tist church in Upper Alton, 111. He was educated 
at Shurtlefl" College and at the Baptist Union Theo- 
logical Seminary at Chicago, 111. Having received 
an invitation to the Baptist church in McLean, 
111., he was ordained by this church in March, 1869. 
He was subsequently pastor of the Grand Avenue 
Baptist church in Milwaukee two years, of the 
Baptist church in Elkhorn five years, and of his 
present church in Kenosha, Wis., one year. 

Mr. Cressey is a successful pastor and an excel- 
lent preacher. His ministry has been blessed with 
many tokens of the divine favor. 

Cressey, Rev. Timothy R., was born at Pom- 
fret, Conn., Sept. 18, 1800 ; died at Des Moines, 



CRESSET 



295 



CRIST 



Iowa, Aug. 30, 1870 ; converted to Christ when 
twenty years of age, and soon after answered 
affirmatively what seemed to be God's call to preach 
the gospel. He graduated from Amherst College 
in 1828, and from Newton Theological Seminary in 
1830. 

His first settlement was at Hingham, Mass., in 
March, 1831, where he remained three and a half 
years, and then went to the South church, Boston. 
While in college he solemnly dedicated himself to 
the work of home missions, and in June, 1835, lie 
most gladly improved his first opportunity of going 
to the West and becoming pastor of the church at 
Columbus, 0. Here he remained seven years, 
building the church edifice still in use, and leaving 
a broad and deep mark for Christ on the church 
and in the community at large. • Here also he lost 
his first wife, Mary Peck, and married his second, 
Josephine Going, daughter of the late Rev. Jona- 
than Going, D.D., then president of Granville Col- 
lege, who still survives her husband, living at Des 
Moines. A two-years' pastorate of the First 
church, Cincinnati, was succeeded by an equal 
length of time spent as an agent of the Bible So- 
ciety for Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. 

In July, 1846, he became pastor of the church 
at Indianapolis, Ind., remaining six years. During 
these years he secured the erection of a new meet- 
ing-house seating 400 persons, with rooms for Sab- 
bath-school and other purposes. In addition to 
pastoral duties more than sufficient for the strength 
of an ordinary man, there was added, immediately 
on his entering the State, the labor of correspond- 
ing secretary of the Convention. It was also his 
duty to make a careful examination of all applica- 
tions for home mission aid, while as trustee of 
Franklin College he attended all the meetings of 
the board, though they were held twenty miles 
away by carriage-drive. He also gave much at- 
tention to general education, preparing by request 
of a State Convention, in 1847, an address on com- 
mon schools, which is believed by many to have 
proved a great turning-point in that work. 

In May, 1852, he became pastor at St. Paul, 
Minn., being the third Baptist minister to enter the 
Territory. After two years thus spent, home mis- 
sionary work began in real earnest. Though fifty- 
four years old, he spent the summer and autumn 
journeying on foot through the southern part of 
the Territory, and sometimes was compelled to 
walk a dozen or more miles without seeing a human 
being. Seven years were mainly employed in such 
-work, preaching the first sermon ever heard in 
many places, and having much to do with the or- 
ganization of not a few churches. He frequently 
rode on horseback sixty miles in the depth of a 
Minnesota winter to preach in a log cabin. All 
appointments were sacredly kept. In Minnesota, 



as elsewhere, he took a deep interest in educational 
matters, drawing up in 1854 the charter of a Bap- 
tist college, the enacting of which by the Legisla- 
ture was due mainly to his individual efforts. 

In August, 1861, he became chaplain of the 2d 
Minnesota Regiment of Volunteers, and gave to his 
country two years of unfaltering devotion. He 
was pastor two years at Kendallville, Ind., and one 
each at Plainfield and Olney, 111., after wliich, in 
1868, he removed to Indianola, Iowa, where he spent 
two years abounding in labor and success. 

In May, 1870, he removed to Des Moines, and, 
after six weeks' rest, he accepted an appointment 
as railroad missionary, to begin labor the 1st of 
September ; but on the 31st of August sudden and 
severe sickness quickly removed his spirit to the 
enjoyment of heavenly freedom. His last words 
were, "My work is done; I am going home." 

Obstacles furnished him the inspiration of suc- 
cess and not the discouragement of defeat. He 
seemed to seek the most difficult fields of service. 
He recognized the simple, earnest preaching of the 
gospel as God's instrument to secure man's salva- 
tion. In his discourses he loved especially to dwell 
on the doctrines and character of Christ. He was 
a Christian of great spirituality of mind. Our 
denominational history in Ohio, Indiana, and Min- 
nesota could not be written without making mention 
of his work and worth. He left three sons in the 
ministry. 

Crisp, Thomas S., was born in 1788, at Beccles, 
Suffolk, England, and died June 16, 1868, aged 
eighty years. His family were members of the Con- 
gregational body, and in his early manhood he was 
ordained to the ministry of that denomination. In 
1818 he embraced Baptist principles, and soon after 
his baptism received an invitation to the classical 
tutorship of Bristol College. He was also elected 
assistant minister of Broadmead chapel. On the 
death of Dr. Ryland, in 1825, Mr. Crisp was chosen 
president of the college, and for nearly forty years 
he discharged the duties of this office. During the 
latter years of his presidency he enjoyed the valu- 
able co-operation of the Rev. Dr. Gotch, the present 
head of the institution. Mr. Crisp was distin- 
guished as an accurate scholar and a prudent ad- 
ministrator, but he is specially remembered for the 
rare excellence of his character and life. 

Crist, Hon. Henry, a distinguished Indian- 
fighter and legislator of Kentucky, was born in 
Berkeley Co., Va., in 1764. His father having re- 
moved to Pennsylvania, Henry, with other daring 
youths, visited Kentucky in 1779, and soon after- 
wards took up his abode in the wilderness. In 
1788 he was wounded by the Indians near Shep- 
herdsville, Ky., and lay helpless in the woods many 
days, when upon the point of starvation he was ac- 
cidentally discovered and rescued. After engaging 



CRITTENDEN- 



CROSBY 



in the manufacture of salt some years, he settled 
on a farm in Bullitt County. Here he became a 
member of Cox's Creek Baptist church. After 
serving several terms in the Kentucky Legislature, 
he was elected to a seat in the U. S. Congi-ess in 
1808. At the expiration of his term he retired from 
public life to his farm, where he died Sept. 26, 1844. 

Crittenden, Rev. Orrin, an eloquent preacher, 
was born in Berksliire Co., Mass., Feb. 13, 1814; 
converted at the age of fourteen, he joined the 
Union Baptist church, -Jersey Co., 111., in 1848; 
was licensed in 1849, and ordained at the meeting 
of Apple Creek Association, in 1850. He preached 
and held revival meetings in various places, and in 
1854 crossed the plains to California. He has 
preached with great success at Mountain View, 
Santa Cruz, South Clara, Salinas, and elsewhere. 
He helped to organize the Mountain View, San 
Juan, Napa, and otiier churches, as the result of 
revival labors, and he has baptized many converts. 
Excessive labor impaired his health ; but in his ad- 
vanced years he is still a preacher of great force, 
and is honored as one of the " fathers" in the Baptist 
ministry of California. His home is at Mountain 
View, near San Francisco, Cal. 

Crocker, Rev. Thomas. — For more than thirty 
years Thomas Crocker was a faithful and success- 
ful preacher of the gospel, and hundreds of persons 
in the counties of Wake, Warren, Granville, and 
Franklin, N. C, were brought to Christ by his 
labors. He was born in 1786, and died Dec. 8, 
1848, aged sixty-two years. 

Crosby, Rev. David, pastor of the Baptist 

church in Ripon, Wis., was born in Bath, Steuben 
Co., N. Y., in 1839. Having early in life obtained 
a hope in Christ, he determined to fit himself for 
whatever position the Lord and his church might 
assign to him. He prepared for college at Ann 
Arbor, Mich. He entered the University of Roch- 
ester at Rochester, N. Y., in 1864, and graduated 
in the class of 1868. Immediately upon gradu- 
ating he entered the Rochester Theological Semi- 
nary, and graduated in the class of 1871. Having 
received a call to the Baptist church of Mount 
Morris, N. Y., he was ordained by that church in 
September, 1871. Having received an invitation 
to the pastorate of the First Baptist church in 
Lansing, Mich., he resigned his pastorate at Mount 
Morris to go to Lansing. Here he continued five 
years, the church growing rapidly in numbers and 
influence under his able ministrations. In 1877, 
Mr. Crosby came to Wisconsin to accept the pas- 
torate of the Baptist church at Ripon, which has 
since been his home. He is a scholar of ripe ac- 
quirements and a good preaclier. In the pulpit he 
is clear and logical, and as a pastor, he bestows 
the most laborious care on all the work of his 
parish. During the civil war Mr. Crosby served as 



a private in one of the regiments of his native 
State. 

Crosby, Hon. Moreaii S., of Grand Rapids, 
was born in Manchester, Ontario Co., N. Y., Dec 




2, 1839. He joined the Second Baptist church in 
Rochester in June, 1857, being baptized by Rev. G. 
D. Boardman. He graduated from the University 
of Rochester in 1863, and has since resided in 
Grand Rapids. He was associated with his father 
in the insurance business until the death of the 
latter, in 1875, and he has since continued in it. 
In 1872 he was chosen a member of the State sen- 
ate, and he became at once an active and influential 
member of that body. He has been for five years 
a member of the State Board of Charities, and for 
six years a trustee of Kalamazoo College. He was 
the first president of the Grand Rapids Young 
Men's Christian Association, and has been pi'esi- 
dent of the State Association. For several years 
he has been superintendent of the Sunday-school. 

He has just been elected lieutenant-governor of 
Michigan. 

Crosby, Thomas, was a London Baptist of great 
influence in our denomination. He was married 
to a daughter of the celebrated Benjamin Keach. 
He taught an advanced school for young gentlemen. 
He was a Baptist deacon for many years, and he 
was selected to make the usual statement on behalf 
of the church when Dr. Gill was ordained the pastor 
of the church of which IMr. Crosby was a member. 

Mr. Stinton, the In-other-in-law of Thomas Crosby, 
and the predecessor of Dr. Gill, had collected ma- 
terials for a work on Baptist history, which wfis 



CROSS 



CROZER 



never published. These materials were given to 
Crosby. And he says, " That if the ingenious 
collector of the materials had lived to digest them 
into proper order, according to his design, they 
would have appeared to much greater advantage" 
(than in his book). AYhen the Rev. Daniel Neal, 
a Congregationalist, was preparing his well-known 
"History of the Puritans," Mr. Crosby sent Mr. 
Stinton's materials to Neal, thinking that the his- 
tory ^of the Baptists in England would necessarily 
be a part of the history of the Puritans. After 
keeping the manuscripts for several years, less than 
five pages of his third volume contained all that he 
said about the Baptists. This circumstance, and 
the unkind reflections upon the few Baptist min- 
isters whose names he condescended to notice, fur- 
nished the reasons why Mr. Crosby wi-ote his 
" History of the Baptists." Bunyah, Kiffin, Keach, 
and Stenneet failed, by their great positions, to 
persuade Neal to give them a place in his work, 
though all England knew them. 

Mr. Crosby's " History of the English Baptists," 
published in London in 1738, 1739, and 1740, is 
worth its weight in gold many times over. Like 
Ivimey's "History of the English Baptists," it is 
very scarce, and a copy of it brings a high price. 

Cross, Edmund B., D.D., was bom in George- 
town, N. y., June 11, 1814, and was a graduate of 
the Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution. 
He was ordained at Georgetown, Sept. 2, 1841, and 
received his appointment as a missionary to the 
foreign field Nov. 28, 1842. He did not leave the 
country until Oct. 30, 1844, arriving at Maulmain 
Feb. 24, 1845, and commencing his missionary 
work at Tavoy March 25. A school for native 
preachers was opened on the 1st of May, 1846, 
under his charge, teaching in which and preach- 
ing as occasion presented fully occupied his time. 
These labors in and about Tavoy were followed 
with success. The impaired health of Mrs. Cross 
made it necessary for him to return to the United 
States, which was reached Jan. 2, 1853. Mr. Cross 
remained here two years, and then returned to re- 
sume liis work at Tavoy, where he remained until 
he was removed to Toungoo, in the early part of 
1860, and, as in Tavoy, he was connected with a 
school for the training of preachers as an associate 
with Dr. Mason, which relation continued until Dr. 
Mason left the service of the Missionary Union, in 
1864, when Mr. Cross was put in full charge of the 
interests of the Tavoy station. A few years of 
quiet, persistent work resulted in giving prosperity 
to the Toungoo station and its out-stations. In De- 
cember, 1869, Mr. and Mrs. Cross, who had again 
spent some time in this country, returned once 
more to Tavoy. The mission has had its severe 
trials during the past years, especially in connection 
■with the terrible famine which has brought such 
20 



desolation to the country. There has been a grad- 
ual recovery from the consequences of the fearful 
scourge. At the last report the number of churches 
connected with the department of which Dr. Cross 
has the charge was 61, with a membership of nearly 
2000 persons. 

Cross, Rev. Henry, was born in Nottingham- 
shire, England, Dec. 12, 1840. His parents were 
Baptists, and he was early brought to the Saviour. 
He was baptized in 1854. While very young he 
commenced to exercise his gifts publicly. He was 
licensed to preach when only seventeen years of 
age. He entered the Baptist College of Notting- 
ham in 1859, and graduated in 1863. During the 
same year he was ordained as pastor of the Baptist 
church in Coventry, England. Revivals followed, 
and the church rose from one of the smallest among 
the Dissenters to the largest in the city. He came 
to America in 1874, and settled as pastor of the 
First Baptist church in St. Paul,' Minn. During 
his pastorate there of five years the magnificent 
edifice of that church was completed and dedicated. 
He accepted a call from the Pilgrim church in New 
York in 1879, and the Lord has blessed his labors 
in his new field. Mr. Cross is a man of ability and 
piety, and if his life is spared he has a bright future 
before him. 

Crow, Rev. Charles.— For many years one of 
the most prominent men among the early Baptists 
of Alabama; pastor at Ocmulgee and other lead- 
ing churches. No man in the State in those days 
was considered to be his superior as an influential 
and strong preacher, giving earnest co-operation to 
every work. He was the first president of the State 
Convention. His memory is still fragrant in Ala- 
bama. 

Crozer, John Price, Esq., was born in the for- 
mer home of the celebrated painter, Benjamin 
West, at Springfield, Delaware Co., Pa., Jan. 13, 
1793. He became the subject of religious convic- 
tions in very early life, and was baptized by Dr. 
William Staughton into the fellowship of the First 
church, Philadelphia, April, 1807. After several 
unsuccessful business ventures, he engaged in the 
manufacture of cotton goods, and by his tireless 
industry, undaunted perseverance, and unimpeach- 
able integrity he achieved great and well-deserved 
success. His riches were held as a trust received 
from God, and he coveted only a faithful steward- 
ship. Upon removing to Upland, Pa., in 1847, he 
erected a building for Sunday-school purposes and 
for public worship. In 1852 he built a neat church 
edifice, which he also enlarged in 1861. In 1858 he 
erected a building nt a cost of $45,000, designed to 
be used in furnishing at a reduced cost a comprehen- 
sive and thorough education for business, teaching, 
or any literary pursuit. This building was gen- 
erously oSered and used as a hospital for sick and 



CROZER 



CROZER 



wounded soldiers during the war of 1861-65, and 
it was subsequently consecrated as a "school of the 
prophets." He was a man of generous sympathies, 
and contributed largely to missionary, educational. 




JOHN l-RICE CROZER, ESQ. 

and humanitarian enterprises. In 1855 he was 
elected president of the Pennsylvania Baptist Ed- 
ucation Society, which position he retained until 
his death, and during this period he endowed seven 
scholarships of $1500 each. He was also officially 
connected with the American Baptist Publication 
Society, and while in this connection endowed a 
Sunday-school Library Fund of $10,000, and a 
Ministers' Library Fund of $5000. The Univer- 
sity of Lewisburg also shared largely in his fre- 
quent and munificent benefactions. Nor were his 
princely gifts confined to the enterprises of his 
own denomination. The Pennsylvania Training 
School for Feeble-Minded Children received a gen- 
erous measure of his attention and aid. He was 
also one of the founders of the U. S. Christian 
Commission, and a working member of its execu- 
tive committee. He was married March 12, 1825, 
to Miss Sallie M. Knowles. He died March 11, 
1866. His widow still lives, full of years and good 
works, and of his children, Samuel A., J. Lewis, 
George K., Robert H., Mrs. Lizzie, wife of Dr. 
Benjamin Griffith, and Mrs. Emma Knowles still 
continue in the faith and labors of their sainted 
father. Another daughter, Mrs. Maggie, wife of 
Mr. William Bucknell, has since entered into 
rest, after a life abundant in the ble.^sed results of 
Christian toil. Soon after the death of Mr. Cro- 
zer, the widow and surviving children established 



a Missionary Memorial Fund of $50,000, to be 
used by the American Baptist Publication Society 
in mission work among the freedmen in the South. 
On Nov. 2, 1866, they also jointly endowed the 
Crozer Theological Seminary with contributions 
amounting to $275,000. Thus the life of the father 
survives in the children, recalling the memory of 
one who will ever be known as the benefactor of 
the poor, the friend of the feeble-minded, the pat- 
ron of learning, and the steadfast supporter of re- 
ligion. The oldest son, Mr. Samuel A. Crozer, is 
president of the trustees of Crozer Seminary. The 
library building, "Pearl Hall," perpetuates the 
name of the deceased daughter, Mrs. Maggie Buck- 
nell. 

Crozer Theological Seminary is situated in 

the borough of Upland, Pa., just outside the limits 
of the city of Chester, 14 miles south of Philadel- 
phia, on the railroad which connects Philadelphia 
and New York with Baltimore, Washington, and 
the South. Its principal building coniiiiands, from 
a gentle elevation, a fine view of the two adjacent 
towns, and of a long stretch of the Delaware River. 
It is accordingly visible to the multitude who pass 
to and fro between North and South, between the 
land and the ocean, on the great thoroughfares of 
travel just mentioned. Here are combined the ad- 
vantages of rural seclusion with those of close 
proximity to city, manufacturing, and commercial 
life. 

The origin of the seminary was connected with a 
prior agency for promoting the same objects at the 
university at Lewisburg, Pa. A theological depart- 
ment of instruction for candidates for the ministry 
had been there sustained for some years under the 
patronage of Baptist churches. Of that insti- 
tution Mr. J. P. Crozer, founder of the borough of 
Upland, had long been a prominent and most liberal 
supporter. He had also erected on the present 
site of the Crozer Theological Seminary a building 
for a school of more general design, with ample 
grounds about it for all needful uses. After his 
death, in the year 1866, the members of his familj', 
in particular his oldest son, Mr. Samuel A. Crozer, 
were moved to establish on this site the present in- 
stitution. The edifice already existing was modi- 
fied and adapted to its new destination ; other 
buildings were added, and especially separate 
houses, ample and commodious, were provided for 
the residence of the needed professors. All this, 
with an endowment fund in money, adequate to 
the keeping up of the property and the mainte- 
nance of the professors, so that instruction to all 
pupils should be free, was made over to a board 
of trustees, incorporated by the Legislature April 
4, 1867. 

In due time professors were appointed, and the 
school went into operation, under the presidency 



CROZER 



CRUDUP 



of Rev. Henry G. Western, D.D., in September, 
1868. The first class graduated in 1870, since 
which the seminary, by the successive classes, has 
contributed annually its quota to the ranks of men 
usefully engaged in the Master's service, in other 
lands, as well as throughout the wide extent of our 
own. From its fortunate geographical position, 
the school has been conveniently resorted to by 
young men from both the northern and the southern 
sections of our country ; and the liberality has not 
been wanting to insure that all who had proved 
themselves worths/ of aid should be enabled to ac- 
complish their course of study. 

This course extends regularly over a period of 
three years, and presupposes on the part of students 
a collegiate educatioTi, or what is equivalent, for 
the full enjoyment of its advantages. It includes 



constituting a partial course, occupying two years, 
is provided. 

The need of a library for such an institution 
was met by the donation of nearly 830,000 by 
Wm. Bucknell, Esq., of Philadelphia, for tlie pur- 
chase of books. His generous interest in the 
cause of ministerial education went much further, 
and provided, on the seminary ground, a beau- 
tiful and convenient stone building, fire-proof, 
for the safe-keeping of the books. This is large 
enough to accommodate easily 40,000 or 50,000 
volumes, and capable of extension as future needs 
may require. 

A fund of $10,000 has also been given by Mr. 
Samuel A. Crozer to sustain an annual or less 
frequent course of lectures to the seminary, by men 
who may be selected of eminent qualifications to 




CROZER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, CHESTER, PA. 



study and training in the knowledge of the Bible, 
in all the historical relations of the book, and in the 
interpretation of its contents ; of the history of the 
church, as the record of the life, struggles, and 
progress of Christianity; the scientific discussion 
and orderly arrangement of the doctrines of Christi- 
anity in a system of theology ; and, finally, in the 
theory of the church, and of the ministerial func- 
tions of preaching and the pastoral care. In all 
this teaching and training it has constantly been a 
prominent aim to cultivate at once a scientific un- 
derstanding and a devout and consecrated spirit, 
with tact and practical adaptation to the work of 
the ministry. 

For those whose age, lack of previous education, 
or other impediments have hindered from pursuing 
the full course, a selection of important studies, 



give valuable instruction on subjects outside of the 
regular course. 

Crudup, Rev. Josiah, was born in Wake Co., 
N. C, Jan. 5. 1791. He lived for some time in the 
family of Mr. Babbitt, master of the Lewisburg 
Academy, a ripe scholar, a devoted Christian, and 
a good teacher. He was ordained in August, 1813, 
Revs. John Purefoy, William Lancaster, and Robert 
T. Daniel forming the Presbytery. Having been 
elected by his county to the State Legislature, and 
being refused a seat in that bndy because he was 
a pastor, his friends ran him for Congress, and he 
served in that body in the session of 1821-23. He 
was beaten in the next campaign by Hon. W. 
P. Mangum by a very small ma,iority. Jlr. Crudup 
served as pastor of Hepzibah, Perry's Chapel, and 
other churches, preaching the gospel for fifty years. 



CULPEPER 



300 



CUNNINGHAM 



He was a cultivated Christian gentleman, and in 
his prime was a preacher of surpassing eloquence. 
HediedMay 20, 1872. 

Culpeper, Hon. John, was born in Anson Co., 
N. C, in 1761. He was baptized by Silas Mercer 
in Georgia and at once began to preach. Return- 
ing to North Carolina while still young, his minis- 
try was blessed with many gracious revivals. His 
great popularity induced his friends to nominate 
him for Congress in order to defeat an unpopular 
incumbent. He was for many years a useful mem- 
ber of our National House of Representatives ; he 
was twice agent for the Baptist State Convention 
of North Carolina. He died in the seventy-sixth 
year of his age at the residence of his son, Rev. 
John Culpeper, South Carolina. 

Culver, Rev. S. W., was born in Groton, Conn., 
in 1825. At the ageof eighteen he was baptized into 
the fellowship of the First Baptist church of his 
native place. His early studies and education were 
intended as preparatory to a course in medical 
science, but at this period of life he was impressed 
with the call of God to the ministry, and he entered 
heartily into the study of theology. This had to 
be temporarily abandoned on account of alarming 
sickness. Upon his recovery at the age of twenty- 
six, Mr. Culver was ordained to the ministry. His 
pastorates have been Ontario Centre, Rhinebeck, 
Vernon, Oneida Co. ; Holland Patent, Lowville, 
Lewis Co. ; Mumford, Monroe Co. ; West Henri- 
etta and Geneseo, all in New York State. His 
life has been one of great activity in the pastorate 
and in the field of literature. As a preacher he 
was loyal to truth, seeking the presentation of cor- 
rect principles rather than popular approval, logical 
rather than emotional, with a good command of 
language, and with a style of much elegance and 
force. He has been a frequent contributor to the 
denominational papers ; he is the author of a vol- 
ume entitled "Crowned and Discrowned," and he 
has in course of publication two new works. 

CummingS, E. E., D.D., was born in Claremont, 
N. H., Nov. 9, 1800. His early education he ob- 
tained in the district school of his native place. He 
joined the Baptist church in Claremont in 1821. 
His college course was pursued at Waterville, 
Me., where he graduated in the class of 1828. 
He was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in 
Salisbury, Sept. 17, 1828. Here he remained until 
called to the pastorate of the First Baptist church 
in Concord, N. H., where he commenced his labors 
March 2, 1832, and continued them until Jan. 11, 
1854, when he became pastor of the Pleasant Street 
church in Concord, and remained in that position 
for ten years. For thirty-two years he served in 
the Baptist ministry in Concord. Dr. Cummings 
has published several sermons, and has now in 
manuscript " The Baptist Ministry of New Hamp- 



shire for the First Century of our History." It is 
after the plan of Dr. Sprague's " Annals." He 
received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from 
Dartmouth College in 1855. In the educational 




E. E. CUMMINGS, D.D. 

institutions of the Baptists of New Hampshire he 
has had a personal interest. He lias been president 
of the board of trustees of the New London Institu- 
tion from its beginning, and is a trustee of Colby 
Unive^sitJ^ He still resides in Concord, N. 11. 

Cunningham, Rev. Richard, was born in Hali- 
fax, Nova Scotia, in 1812 ; was converted and bap- 
tized in Horton by Rev. T. S. Harding ; commenced 
preaching in 1828 ; was ordained pastor of AVilmot 
Mountain church March 25, 1829, where he labored 
usefully for about twenty years ; subsequently he 
was pastor of the Baptist church of Digby, Nova 
Scotia. Iledied Jan.15, 1858. He had a keen mind; 
he was a good theologian and an effective preacher. 

Cunningham, Rev. V. G., the gifted young 
Baptist pastor in the old French town of Natchi- 
toches, in Louisiana, was born in Caddo Parish, 
La., in 1844. He. received his classical educa- 
tion in Honier Male Academy and Mount Leb- 
anon University. He Ijegan to preach in 1867, and 
was orilained as pastor at Caldwell, Texas, in 
1868. Subsequently he entered AVaco University, 
where he graduated in 1871. In 1878 he returned 
to Louisiana, and began to preach at Natchitoches, 
where he found a few unorganized Baptists. 
These he gathered into a church and began to hold 
regular services. Others have been added, and the 
little body now numbers 35, with a Sunday-school 
and weekly prayer-meeting, with a neat house of 



CURREY 



301 



CURRY 



worship in course of construction. Mr. Cunning- 
ham is partly sustained in his work by the State 
Convention. 

Currey, Hon. Samuel, was born near Fred- 
ericton, Nova Scotia, Oct. 12, 1806. He pursued 
his preparatory studies at Soutli Reading, and 
joined the Sophomore class in Brown University 
in 1832. He graduated in 1835. Having studied 
law, he was admitted to the bar April 21, 1837, and 
opened an office in Providence, which was his resi- 
dence during his professional life. He had a large 
practice, no small part of it in the higher courts, 
not only of several States, but in the Supreme 
Court of the United States. For a number of years 
he served either as a representative or senator in 
the General Assembly of Rhode Island. Mr. Currey 
was for many years a member of the First Bap- 
tist church in Providence. He died Feb. 28, 1878. 

Curry, Prof. J. L. M., D.D., LL.B., was born 
in Lincoln Co., Ga., and at the age of thirteen re- 
moved to Alabama. Upon his father's estate he 




PROF. J. L. 51. CURRY, D.D., LL.D. 

grew up to manhood, when he became the owner 
of a cotton plantation, M'hich he managed with suc- 
cess. In 1843 he graduated at the University of 
Georgia, and in 1845 completed his legal course 
at the Harvard Law School, having as class- 
mates President Hayes, of Ohio, Anson Burlin- 
game, and others distinguished in the councils of the 
nation. In 1846 he served in the Mexican war with 
Hays's Texan Rangers. Returning from Mexico, 
he represented Talladega County for several years 
in the Alabama Legislature. He also represented 
his district in the 35th and 36th Congress, in which 



were such men as Lamar, Stephens, CdX, Conkling, 
Adams, and Sherman. Mr. Curry's first speech in 
Congress, delivered Feb. 23, 1858, in favor of the 
admission of Kansas under the Lecompton consti- 
tution, established his reputation as an orator. 
During his terms of service in Congress he made 
several forcible speeches on current national ques- 
tions, and always held the earnest attention of the 
House. On the secession of Alabama, he was ap- 
pointed in 1861, by the convention of that State, a 
deputy to the Southern Convention, which met in 
Montgomery in February of that year. In August, 
1861, Mr. Curry was elected a delegate to the first 
regular Congress of the Confederate States from 
the fourth Congressional district of Alabama. He 
was chairman of the Committee on Commerce, and 
at one time Speaker pi'o tempore. The address to 
the people of the Confederate States, signed by 
every member of Congress, was the production of 
his pen. Upon the adjournment of Congress, he 
joined the army of Gen. J. E. Johnston, then in 
Georgia, and served in various capacities until the 
close of the wai-. In 1865 he was elected presi- 
dent of Howard College, Ala., and in 1868, Pro- 
fessor of English in Richmond College, Va., which 
position he still holds. In addition to the school 
of English, Prof. Curry holds that of Pliilosophy, 
teaching Logic, and Mental and Moral Science. 
For several years he also gave lectures in the Law 
School on Constitutional and International Law. 
He is an earnest advocate of public schools and 
of higher education, and has made more addresses 
in behalf of education than, perhaps, any other man 
in Virginia. In the recent effort to endow Rich- 
mond College, he traveled over a great part of the 
entire State, and aroused an enthusiasm in behalf 
of that institution the like of which has never been 
enlisted in behalf of any other college in the country. 
Nor should his masterly address before the Evan- 
gelical Alliance be forgotten, in whicli he urged the 
complete separation of church and state, and which 
was reprinted and distributed in England by the 
disestablishment party. Prof. Curry, although a 
clergyman, has never felt it to be his duty to be- 
come a permanent pastor of any church. He 
preaches, however, whenever and wherever occa- 
sion calls for his services, and the large congrega- 
tions which assemble when he officiates attest his 
high excellence and deserved reputation as a pulpit 
orator. l")r. Curry is closely identified with all de- 
nominational enterprises. He served as clerk and 
afterwards as moderator of the Coosa Association, 
of Alabama ; was president of the Alabama State 
Convention ; president of the National Baptist 
Sunday-School Convention, of Cincinnati, and is 
now president of the General Association of Vir- 
ginia, and a trustee of the Southern Baptist Theo- 
logical Seminary. He is a frequent contributor 



CURRY 



302 



CURTIS 



to ouv religious papers, and ij at present ^Yriting 
an interesting series of articles on Government, 
in course of publication in the Religious Herald. 
In 1867 Mercer University, Ga., conferred on him 
the honorary degree of LL.D., and in 1871 Roch- 
ester University the degree of D.D. Dr. Curry"s 
present wife was Miss May W. Thomas, daughter 
of James Thomas, Jr., of Richmond. She is the 
very successful teacher of the infant class of the 
First Baptist church of that city. It numbers from 
180 to 225 pupils, and is said to Ije by the Sunday- 
School Times the best conducted infant class its 
editor has ever seen. 

Curry, Rev. W. G., son of Allen II. Ourry, was 
born in Monroe Co., Ala., Sept. 11, 1843; was 
baptized in 1858, at fourteen years of age ; re- 
moved to Louisiana the same year, and was there 
licensed to preach at the age of sixteen, and spent 
some time at school in that State ; returned to Al- 
abama in 1860, and entered school at the Newtown 
Academy, and obtained a liberal education ; in 
1861 entered the Confederate army as a volunteer, 
and served as a private soldier two years, when, 
"in consideration of a faithful discharge of duty," 
he was made chaplain of the 5th Alabama Regi- 
ment, in which capacity he served to the close of 
the war. He was ordained to the ministry while 
in the army, at Orange Court-House, Va., by order 
of the Pineville church in Alabama, of which he 
was a member, Drs. Quarles, J. W. Jones, "VV. F. 
Brcadus, and Rev. Mr. Marshall acting as the 
Pi-esbytery. On returning home he became pastor 
of Monroeville, Bellville, Pineville, and Bethany 
churches, a relation which he sustained with emi- 
nent success until he undertook the work of evan- 
gelist, in 1877. under appointment of the Alabama 
State Mission Board, in which position he rendered 
most successful service for two years. After this 
he returned to the pastorate at Snow Hill, Ala. 
Mr. Curry is a fluent speaker and a gifted preacher. 
He is one of our most trusted pastors, and he is 
still growing in all the elements of ministerial 
power. 

Curtis, Rev. David, was born in Stoughton, 
Mass., Feb. 17, 1782. He prepared for college un- 
der Rev. William Williams, of Wrentham, Mass., 
and graduated at Brown University in the class 
of 1808. For thirteen years he was pastor of 
the Coventry and Warwick churches in Rhode 
Island. Subsequently he was the pastor of sev- 
eral other churches in Massachusetts and Rhode 
Island. For sixty years he was a preacher of the 
gospel, and served his Master faithfully in his vo- 
cation. 

Curtis, Rev. Henry, was born in Illston, Leices- 
tershire, England, Oct. 11, 1800. In 1812 his 
parents emigrated to this country and settled in 
Otsego Co., N. Y. In the same year both his 



parents died, and at the age of sixteen he went to 
the city of New York, and there, under the labors 
of Rev. John AVilliams, he was led to Christ, and 
was baptized into the fellowship of the Oliver Street 
Baptist church. He was licensed March 10, 1824, 
by this church, then under the joint pastorates of 
the venerable Williams and the Rev. S. H. Cone. 
On the 13th of March he was married to Miss Eliza 
Banning. He was ordained at Harpersville in the 
same year. In 1832 he became pastor of the church 
in Bethany and Canaan, now called the Clinton 
church, whose interests as pastor he served fourteen 
years. Here he preached his first sermon in this 
State, and in its fellowship he remained until his 
death. For thirty-five years he labored in Wayne 
County, and thirteen churches were during this 
period built up under his pastoral care, while a 
vast amount of missionary labor fell to his lot. His 
baptisms exceeded 1000. No condition of weather 
or of roads prevented him from meeting his engage- 
ments, however distant. 

Brother Curtis possessed more than ordinary 
ability. His mind was active and clear, his con- 
clusions formed with marked care, and his convic- 
tions firm and immovable. Courteous and gentle- 
manly in his manners, he became a wise counselor 
and an able preacher. It may here be noted that 
his earliest religious impressions sprung from the 
closet prayer of a mother, " Oh, shadow us under 
the wings of a precious Jesus." His latest expe- 
rience in life was the cry, "Oh, yes, God is my 
rock ;" " I know whom I have believed ;" " I 
desire to depart and be with Christ ;" " The first I 
wish to greet in heaven is Jesus, the next is my 
mother, for she led me to liim." Four sons and 
two daughters were baptized by this revered fatlier, 
and these all continue active members of the de- 
nomination, honoring the various spheres of life to 
which God has called them. 

Curtis, Rev. Richard, the younger of two of 
the same name who led a Baptist colony into South- 
west Mississippi, was born either in Virginia or 
South Carolina about 1750. With his company of 
Baptists he settled on Cole's Creek, near Natchez, 
in 1780, and shortly after constituted Salem church. 
He was then a licensed preacher. The country in 
1783 passed for a time under the government of 
Spain, and he soon incurred the displeasure of the 
authorities and was compelled to fly from persecu- 
tion. He M'ent back to South Carolina, where he 
I'emained nearly three years, during wliich he was 
ordained. He then returned to Mississippi and 
renewed his labors. He was joined by a number 
of young ministers, by whom several churches were 
gathered, and which were organized into an Asso- 
ciation in 1806. He died Oct. 28, 1811, shortly 
after attending the meeting of the Association. 

Curtis, Thomas, D.D. — This distinguished di- 



CURTISS 



CUSHMAN 



vine was a native of England. He came to this 
country about 1845, being then over fifty yeai's of 
age. Having preached with great acceptance for 
some time in Charleston, S. C, he and his son, 
Wm. Curtis, D.D., purchased Limestone Spring, 
wiiich liad been fitted up for a watering-place, and 
established a school for young ladies, which, for 
extent and thoroughness of instruction, has prob- 
ably never been surpassed and seldom equaled in 
the South. The number of pupils ranged from 150 
to 200. He was a man of sound learning. He 
lost his life on a steamer that was burnt on the 
Potomac in 1858. 

Curtiss, Rev. Emory, was bom in Middlebury, 
Genesee Co., N. Y., March 26, 1812; was baptized 
by Rev. Joseph Elliott in September, 1830. He 
was urged almost immediately after his conversion 
to prepare for the ministry, but not recognizing the 
call as from God he engaged in teaching for several 
years. In 1834, however, the way seemed plain 
before him, and he began to study theology with 
his pastor and to preach as opportunity pfiered. 
In January, 1836, he Avas oi-dained at Morganville, 
N. Y., and immediately found evidence of God's 
approval in a precious revival. In April, 1837, he 
was appointed a missionai-y by the New York State 
Convention to labor in Erie County. He filled this 
appointment for four years, and then went to Michi- 
gan, where, with a brief exception, his ministry 
has since been exercised. In Redford for ten years, 
in Ypsilanti for three years, in Niles for eight 
years, in Greenville for six years, with shorter 
terms of service in Coldwater, Hastings, and Stur- 
gis, he has enjoyed large success as a winner of 
souls, and has been eminent among his brethren 
for the harmony of his pastoral relations. 

From 1862 till 1866, he was not engaged as a 
pastor, having removed to Kalamazoo with refer- 
ence to the education of his son, and being also 
connected with the Michigan Christian Herald as 
proprietor and publisher. The son, his last sur- 
viving child, died in 1864, and the firther sought at 
once to become a pastor again, but the paper held 
him longer than he intended, and it was not till 
1866 that he resumed pastoral service. 

In March, 1871, Mr. Curtiss yielded to the re- 
peated solicitation of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society to perform service in Oregon and 
Washington Territory as a general missionary. 
After less than two years' work the failure of his 
voice compelled him to withdraw from it, but he 
had labored with zeal and success, had aided in 
the organization of sixteen churches, and the erec- 
tion and dedication of eight houses of worship. 
His health did not allow him to resume full duty 
till July, 1874. He is now pastor in Lapeer. 

Cushman, Rev. Elisha, son of Elisha and Lydia 
(Fuller) Cushman, was born in Kingston, Mass., 



May 2, 1788 ; he was a descendant of Robert Cush- 
man, a Pilgrim father ; was converted in 1808 and 
united with the Baptist church in Kingston, under 
Rev. Samuel Grover; studied for the ministry; 
preached in Grafton, Mass., and in Providence, 
R. I. ; ordained pastor of the First Baptist church 
in Hartford, Conn., June 10, 1813, and remained 
till 1825 ; was prominent in all public afi'airs ; as- 
sisted in establishing, in 1814, the Baptist Mis- 
sionary Society, and was corresponding secretary 
till 1822, when it was reorganized under the name 
of the Baptist Convention, of which he became 
a trustee, and, finally, president from 1830 to 
1834; in 1822, when Mr. Philemon Canfield started 
the Christian Secretary, the first Baptist paper 
in Connecticut, he became editor ; in 1824 re- 
ceived the honorary degree of A.M. from Yale 
College ; a member of the corporation of Trinity 
College ; in 1825 settled with the New Market 
Street Baptist church in Philadelphia; in 1829 
returned to Connecticut and settled in Stratfield 
till 1831, wiien he became pastor of the Baptist 
church in New Haven ; in 1835 removed to Plym- 
outh, Mass., but from failing health returned in 
1838 to Hartford, Conn., to resume the editorship 
of the Christian Secretary ; published numei-ous 
addresses and sermons ; a noble, effective man. 
Died in Hartford, Oct. 26, 1838, aged fifty years. 
Cushman, Rev. Elisha, Jr., son of Rev. Elisha, 

was born in Hartford, Conn., July 4, 1813 ; learned 
the printer's art, and entered the office of the Chris- 
tian Secretary under Deacon P. Canfield, and worked 
from 1831 to 1836 ; in 1836, with Isaac Bolles, be- 
gan the publication of the Northern Courier (finally 
called the Hartford Courier), a paper of talent and 
racy wit. On the death of his father, in 1838, he 
published the Christian Secretary. He was con- 
verted in 1839 and baptized by Rev. G. S. Eaton ; 
united with First Baptist church in Hartford ; was 
licensed to preach, and ordained in 1840 as pastor 
of the Baptist church in Willington, Conn. ; ill 
health induced his resignation in 1845 ; returned 
to Hartford and supplied the Baptist church in 
New Britain ; in 1847 settled with the church at 
Deep River, Conn., and remained there twelve 
years ; in 1859 he became pastor of a new church 
in West Hartford, and remained till 1862, when he 
took charge of the Christian Secretary, and re- 
tained it till his death, acting as occasional supply 
also to needy chui'ches. For many years he was 
the able secretary of the Connecticut Baptist State 
Convention ; a ready speaker and equally ready 
writer ; an extensive reader, with a retentive 
memory ; a man of the sweetest spirit, yet firm in 
opinion and utterance. He died in Hartford, Jan. 
4, 1876, aged sixty-two years. 

Cushman, Robert W., D.B., was born in Wool- 
wich, Me., April 10, 1800. His parents died when 



CUSTIS 



CUTHBERT 



he was a child. He became a Christian when he 
was sixteen years of age, and decided to enter the 
ministry. He pursued his studies at Columbian 
College, Washington, graduating in the class of 
1825. He was ordained as pastor of the Baptist 
church in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in August, 1826. 
After three years of labor there, desiring a milder 
climate, he removed to Philadelphia, where he 
opened a school for the education of young ladies, 
which was called the " Cushman Collegiate Insti- 
tute." He remained in charge of it until 1841, 
when he received a call from the Bowdoin Square 
church in Boston. He continued in this position 
for six years, and then removed to Washington, 
D. C, and started an institution similar in character 
to the one of which he was the originator in Phil- 
adelphia. A few years having been devoted to this 
work, he returned to Boston, and for some time 
was at the head of the "Mount Vernon Ladies' 
School," supplying meanwhile the pulpit of the 
First Baptist church in Charlestown, Mass. His 
last years were passed at a rural home which he 
had purchased in what is now Wakefield, Mass., 
where he died April 7, 1868. 

It was justly said of Dr. Cushman at the time 
of his death, " Thus has fallen, in ripeness of years 
and Christian character, one of the most widely 
known, intelligent, and faithful in the ranks of our 
ministry. He was throughout a consistent Baptist, 
firm and unwavering in fidelity to every principle, 
an able defender of his denominational polity. If 
'blessings brighten as they take their flight,' his 
friends may be happy in the assurance that his 
merits will hereafter be appreciated and acknowl- 
edged, and he will be reckoned a star in the firma- 
ment of our Zion.' ' 

Custis, J. W., D.D., is a descendant of the well- 
known Custis family of Accomac Co., Va., and was 
born in Washington, D. C. In 1855, at the early 
age of twelve years, he was converted and baptized 
into the fellowship of the Second Baptist church of 
that city. His parents being members of the E 
Street church, his membership was afterwards re- 
moved thither. From the time of his conversion 
he attracted the attention of his pastor. Rev. Isaac 
Cole, by his youthful zeal, and was encouraged to 
look forward to the work of the ministry. In 
changing his church relations he had the happiness 
of receiving the pastoral care of Rev. G. W. Sam- 
son, D.D., an ardent friend of the young, who took 
a deep interest in the welfare of Mr. Custis. In 
1856 he entered the pi-eparatory department of 
Columbian College, and pursued the regular course, 
having in view the profession of law. Gradually, 
and after some years, he was led to turn his atten- 
tion to the ministry. He spent two years in the 
university at Lewisburg, Pa., and then returned to 
Columbian College, and graduated June, 1865. In 



the same month he was ordained in the Broad Street 
church, Philadelphia, to which his membership had 
been removed two years previously. After spending 
nearly a year laboring with the church in Hudson 
City, N. J., he accepted a call toBordentown in the 
same State. His pastorate of nearly four years was 
very successful. He then removed to Philadelphia, 
becoming pastorof the Spruce Street Baptist church, 
where like success attended his ministry. In 1875, 
against the wishes of the church, he resigned and 
went to Chicago, accepting a call to the Michigan 
Avenue church. In 1877 the University of Chicago 
conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor 
of Divinity. The rigor of the climate soon broke 
down his health, and, under the advice of his phy- 
sician, he returned East and became pastor of the 
Tabernacle church, Utica, N. Y. Dr. Custis is a 
close student and an able preacher. 

Cuthbert, James H., B.D., was born Dec. 13, 
1823, in Beaufort, S. C, being the eldest son of 




JAMES H. CUTHBERT, D.D. 

Lucius and Charlotte Fuller Cuthbert. His earliest 
school days were spent at Beaufort College, where 
he remained until 1839. He then entered the 
Sophomore class of Columbia College, S. C, at that 
time under the presidency of the highly gifted 
Robert W. Barnwell. In 1841 he went to Prince- 
ton College, N. J., entering the Junior class, and 
remaining until his graduation in 1843, on which 
occasion he was selected as one of the class orators. 
From Princeton he returned home with the inten- 
tion of studying law, but being converted under 
the preaching of his uncle. Dr. Richai-d Fuller, 
in the spring of 1844, he determined to devote his 



CUTHBERT 



CUTTING 



life to the ministry of the gospel. After three 
years' study with Dr. Fuller he was ordained at 
Charleston in 1847, and became at once the as- 
sistant pastor of the Wentworth Street Baptist 
church in that city, then under the pastorate of 
Dr. Fuller. On Dr. Fullers being called to Balti- 
more to take charge of the Seventh Baptist church 
of that city, Mr. Cuthbert Avas chosen pastor, and 
continued in that relation until 1855. While pastor 
here he was married to Miss Julia Elizabeth Tur- 
pin, of Augusta, Ga. In 1855 he accepted a call 
to the First Baptist church of Philadelphia, then 
located in Lagrange Place, which soon afterwards 
removed to its present location at Broad and Arch 
Streets. In 1861 he removed to Augusta, Ga., 
being without any pastoral charge for about a year. 
In 1862 he became pastor of Kollock Street church, 
with which he remained until 1865, when he ac- 
cepted the pastorate of the Green Street Baptist 
church of that city, and ministered to it for four 
years. In 1869 he was invited to the pastorate of 
the First Baptist church, "Washington, D. C, where 
he still labors. The degree of Doctor of Divinity 
was conferred upon him by Wake Forest College, 
N. C. 

Dr. Cuthbert has made several valuable contri- 
butions to Baptist literature. He has written occa- 
sionally for the Baptist Quarterli/, and published 
in 1878 a very interesting biography of his distin- 
guished relative, Dr. Fuller. His style is easy and 
graceful, and the book is prepared with excellent 
taste. As a preacher. Dr. Cuthbert is earnest and 
impressive, reminding one frequently by his ap- 
pearance and the tones of his voice of Dr. Fuller, 
As a man. Dr. Cuthbert is among the few who are 
without stain or reproach. 

Cuthbert, Rev. Lucius, is a native of Beaufort, 
S. C, a brother of Dr. J. H. Cuthbert, of Wash- 
ington, D. C, and a nephew of the late Dr. Richard 
Fuller, of Baltimore. He was for some time pastor 
of the Citadel Square Baptist church of Charleston, 
S. C, but failing health compelled his retreat to 
Aiken, S. C, where he has spent nearly thirty 
years in the Master's service. The churches of 
which he is pastor regard him with admiration and 
love, his brethren in the ministry cherish him in 
their hearts, and the providence and Spirit of God 
have bestowed their blessings liberally upon his 
home, heart, and ministry. 

Cutting, Sewell S,, D.D., was born at Windsor, 
Vt., Jan. 19, 1813. At the age of fourteen he be- 
came a member of the Baptist church of Westport, 
N. Y. When a child he commenced the study of 
Latin, and purposed to enter the legal profession. 
Before he was sixteen he became a student of law, 
but at seventeen he concluded to enter the ministry. 
He completed his preparation for college at South 
Reading, Mass., and when eighteen years of age 



he entered Waterville College. After studying two 
years in that institution he went to the University 
of Vermont. In it he had the instruction of able 
educators, and he was graduated with the highest 
honors. From it he received all his degrees. Ill 
health forced him to leave college before the day 
for graduation, and to relinquish his design to 
pursue a regular theological course, and on March 
31, 1836, he was ordained pastor of the Baptist 
church in West Boylston, Mass. Soon after he 
accepted a call to Southbridge, JIass., as successor 
to Dr. Binney, the distinguished missionary, where 
he remained eight years. In 1845 he was called 
to edit TTie Baptist Advocate in New York, which 
position he accepted and changed its name to The 
New York Recorder. He found the paper in a de- 
pressed condition, and organized a new departure 
not only in name but in everything that goes to 
make a successful religious journal. He succeeded, 
bought the paper, and immediately sold it to Rev. 
Lew^is Colby, a publisher, who sold a share of it 
to Rev. Joseph Ballard. The subscriptions in- 
creased rapidly, and the paper began to exert a 
great power in promoting the interests of the Bap- 
tist denomination. In 1850 it was sold to Martia 
B. Anderson, LL.D., and J. S. Dickerson, D.D., 
and Dr. Cutting retired. This occurred just at the 
crisis of the revision controversy and the formation 
of the American Bible Union. He was elected 
corresponding secretary of the American and For- 
eign Bible Society, accepted it provisionally, and 
took a prominent part in the discussions between 
the two societies. In 1851 he accepted an editorial 
position on the Watchman and Reflector, of Boston. 
In 1849 he became the editor of The Christian Re- 
view, which he conducted until 1852. In 1853, 
Dr. Anderson was called to the presidency of 
Rochester University, and Dr. Cutting was sum- 
moned back to edit the Recorder. In 1855. Dr. 
Cutting and Dr. Edward Bright bought the New 
York Baptist Register, consolidated it with the 
Recorder, and founded The Examiner. He then 
accepted the professorship of Rhetoric and of 
History in the University of Rochester, which 
chair he filled till 1868, when he resigned to 
accept the secretaryship of the American Bap- 
tist Educational Commission. In 1879, he was 
elected secretary of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society, and after a year's service he 
went to Europe to find needed rest. His " Strug- 
gles and Triumphs of Religious Liberty," and his 
" Historical Vindications," with notes and appen- 
dices, have been widely read. He compiled a hymn- 
book for the vestry and fireside. Many of his 
discourses and some of his poems have been pub- 
lished. Dr. Cutting is a clear thinker, a scholarly 
writer, and one of the ablest men in the American 
ministry. 



D. 



Dabbs, Rev. Richard, was born ia Charlotte 
Co., Va., date unknown. He became pious in early 
life, but did not enter the ministry until several 
years after his conversion. His first pastorate was 
with the Ash Camp church, Charlotte County. He 
delighted to visit Associational and other large 
meetings of his brethren. His excursions were 
very numerous and extensive. He was in the habit 
of visiting those parts of the country where Baptist 
churches had not been constituted, or where they 
were feeljle and declining. Among the happy re- 
sults of these efforts may be mentioned the origin 
of the Baptist church in Petersburg, Va. It was 
chiefly through his influence that the few Baptists 
in that place were induced to unite under a regular 
constitution and to make exertions for the erection 
of a house of worship. In 1820 he spent one-fourth 
of his time, a portion of the year, in assisting to 
supply with preaching the church in Lynchburg, 
Va. His ministry there was very popular. Closing 
his labors in Lynchburg, he came to Nashville, 
Tenn., and took charge of the First Baptist church 
in that city, where he was very successful in build- 
ing up the Baptist cause. Here he closed a useful 
life. His manner in the pulpit was very attractive. 
With a musical voice and a happy faculty of illus- 
tration, he rarely, if ever, addressed a small congre- 
gation. He died on the 21st day of May, 1825, in 
full assurance of a blessed immortality, honored 
and respected by all. 

Dagg, John L., D.D. — Among the most distin- 
guished men of the Baptist denomination in the 
United States, Dr. Dagg of right holds a place. He 
was born at Middleburg, Loudon Co., Va., Feb. 13, 
1794. He was early the subject of religious im- 
pressions, and he said to the writer, " I obtained a 
joyful sense of acceptance with God on my birth- 
day in 1809." He was baptized in 1813 ; began to 
preach in 1816; was ordained in 1817 ; preached 
to several churches in Virginia, and in 1825 accepted 
a call to the pastorate of the Fifth Baptist church 
in the city of Philadelphia ; in 1833 he retired from 
the pastorate with diseased throat, and in the fol- 
lowing spring his voice so failed that he was unable 
to preach, and for a considerable time could not 
speak above a whisper, and it has been so weak 
ever since that he has never been able to return to 
regular service as a minister. Eminent as had 
been his ministry, the Lord had other ways for him 
to serve with still greater usefulness. Iti 1836 he 



removed to Tuscaloosa, and took charge of the 
" Alabama Female Atheneum,'' and in 1844 to 
Penfield, Ga., as president of Mercer University, 
where he also gave instruction in theology. INIany 
of the best ministers in Georgia and other States 
cherish the most grateful recollections of his great 
worth to them while in that position. The twelve 
years of his presidency comprised perhaps the 
brightest period of the brilliant history of grand 
old Mercer University. In 1856 he retired from 
that institution with the purpose, while bearing the 
pressure of infirmities and advancing age, of serv- 
ing the cause of Christ by the use of his gifted 
pen,,and thousands can rise up and call him blessed 
in testimony of the happy way in which he has 
carried out that purpose. 

His " Manual of Theology'' appeared in 1857, 
"Treatise on Cliurch Order" in 1858, "Elements 
of Moral Science" in 1859, "Evidences of Christi- 
anity" in 1868. These are his great works, and 
they will bear comparison with any other American 
books on the same subjects. In addition to these, 
a discussion on baptism with the Rev. David -Jones, 
which appeared in letters in the Chrisiian Index, 
was put in book-form by the Baptist General Tract 
Society. 

His pamphlets are "The More Excellent Way," 
" An Interpretation of John iii. 5," " An Essay in 
Defense of Strict Communion," " A Decisive Ar- 
gument against Infant Baptism, furnished by one 
of its own Proof-texts." 

He has for many years been regai-ded as one of 
our wisest, most profound, most critical, and safest 
newspaper writers. Our venei-able and learned 
brethren have watched the productions of his pen 
with marks of the highest regard. 

Dr. Dagg, in great age and with many infirmi- 
ties, still lives (1880), under the tender and affec- 
tionate care of his accomplished daughter, at 
Ilayneville, Ala., and all who visit him return 
feeling that it has been an honor and a Christian 
feast to hold converse with this man of God. 

Dallas Male and Female College, Dallas, 
Texas, was organized in 1875, and commanded a 
respectaljle patronage for one collegiate year. It 
is under the control of stockholders, who appoint 
a majority of the trustees. Rev. Geo. W. Rogers, 
D.D., is now president. The college, after a two 
years' suspension, was reorganized and opened 
September, 1878. 



DANIEL 



307 



DARGAN 



Daniel, Rev. Eobert T.— In a letter to Dr. R. 
B. C. Howell, Mr. Daniel wrote, " During the 
thirty years of my ministry I have traveled about 
60,000 miles, preached about 5000 sermons, and 
baptized more than 1500 people. Of that number 
many now are ministers, twelve of whom are men 
of distinguished talents and usefulness." 

Mr. Daniel was born in Middlesex Co., Va., June 
10, 1773. ■ His parents emigrating to North Caro- 
lina, he grew to man's estate in Chatham County. 
He was baptized into the fellowship of Holly 
Springs church. Wake County, by Rev. Isaac 
Hicks, in July, 1802. He was ordained in 1803, 
Isaac Hicks and Nathan Gully forming the Pres- 
bytery. He was an able preacher and a great 
evangelist. He was one of the first, if not the first, 
missionary of the North Carolina Baptist Benevo- 
lent Society, and while thus engaged organized the 
First Baptist church of Raleigh in 1812, of which 
he was twice pastor. " His was a missionary 
heart, a missionary tongue, and a missionary 
hand," and after brief pastorates and ai'duous re- 
vival labors in North Cai-olina, Virginia, Missis- 
sippi, and Tennessee, this prince among the tribes 
of Israel fell asleep in Jesus, in Paris, Tenn., Sept. 
14, 1840. 

D'Anvers, Gov. Henry, is supposed to have 

been a very near relative of the Earl of Danby, who 
died in 1643. He was a soldier, who distinguished 
himself in wars in Holland, France, and Ireland. 
Henry D'Anvers was a colonel in the Parliament- 
ary anny. He was for a time governor of Stafi"ord. 
He had such a reputation for integrity among the 
people over whom he exercised authority, that he 
was noted as one who would not take bribes. 
While governor of Stafford he adopted the senti- 
ments of the Baptists, and notwithstanding his 
position, and the prejuilices his baptism would stir 
up against him, he was immersed by Henry Hagger, 
the minister at Stafford at that time. After the 
return of Charles II. his situation was very criti- 
cal ; he was a man of prominence by his family 
connections, by the respectable estate which he 
owned, and by his military services. A proclama- 
tion was issued offering £100 for his arrest; he 
was seized at length and sent a prisoner to the 
Tower of London ; but his wife had great influence 
in the court of King Charles, and he was released 
on bail. 

He was one of the ministers of a Baptist church 
near Aldgate, London. In this position he main- 
tained a character so spotless that he greatly com- 
mended the truth which he proclaimed. 

Mr. D'Anvers was the author of a work which 
he called " Theopolis, or City of God," treating of 
the coming and personal reign of Christ in his mil- 
lennial glory and triumphs. He also wrote a work 
on baptism, which was the ablest on the subject 



publislied by any Baptist till that time. It stirred 
up Richard Baxter most uncomfortably ; and many 
others most slanderously. David Russen abused 
Mr. D'Anvers and his book with a vehemence 
which shows how powerfully he had been moved by 
it. He says that Mr. D' Anvers's book " is calculated 
for the meridian of Ignorance ; that it is full of 
plagiary, prevarication, impertinencies, and mani- 
fold falsehoods ; that no man of learning, but one 
who designedly (for an evil design) carries on a 
cause, will ever defile his fingers with such pitch; 
and that he should be ashamed to produce a book 
of that nature in a matter of controversy." But 
poor Mr. Russen defiled his own fingers with the 
work, and sho\ts by his angry and slanderous 
words that Mr. D'Anvers had given him and other 
Pedobaptist sacramental warriors very heavy blows. 
The book, even in our own times, has been so 
highly esteemed that the Hanserd Knollys Society, 
a body i-epresenting the intelligence and learning 
of our English Baptist brethren, had resolved to 
publish it; and the Rev. William Henry Black was 
perfoi-ming editorial labor upon it.for that end, and 
only lack of funds hindered the publication. The 
same misfortune stopped the entire labors of the 
society. 

Mr. D'Anvers believed that it would be a bless- 
ing if James II. was relieved of the royalty of 
England. There could not be a worse king in a 
country where the monarch was limited in powers. 
He was a tyrannical Catholic, bent on overthrowing 
the Protestant religion of England : he was a mean 
tyrant, determined to destroy her liberties ; he had 
ungracious manners, an unattractive appearance, 
a fountain of selfishness in his heart, and an 
abundance of cowardice. A son of Lucy Walters 
and Charles II., the Duke of Monmouth, a Protest- 
ant, a brave, generous young man, was encouraged 
to rebel against his uncle. His troops were i-outed 
at Sedgemore. Two days later he was captured, 
and soon after executed. Mr. D'Anvers was con- 
cerned in some meetings held to help the unfortu- 
nate duke. After the fight at Sedgemore he fled 
to Holland, where he died in 1686. 

Dargan, Rev. Jeremiah.— Miss Anna More, 

of Bertie Co., N. C, wishing to be baptized, went 
into South Carolina in search of a Baptist preacher. 
She there met Mr. Dargan, who, having baptized 
her, also married her, and with her returned to 
North Carolina. He was the founder of Coslin 
and Wiccacon churches, and died in 1786. 

Dargan, J. 0. B., D.D. — Mr. Dargan's ancestors 
were conspicuous in both church and state during 
the Revolutionary war. His grandfather, Rev. 
Timothy Dargan, and Dr. Richard Furman were co- 
laborers in religious and political fields, and the 
intimate friendship formed between them has de- 
scended unbroken through several generations. 



V ARROW 



308 



DAVIDSON 



Dr. Dargan was born in Darlington Co., S. C, 
on the 9th of August, 1813. His early advantages 




.;. O. B. DARGAN, D.D. 

for education were good, and he " remembered his 
Creator in the days of his youth." He was bap- 
tized in his seventeenth year, and at once became 
an active worker in tlie Master's vineyard. Having 
been licensed to preach, he entered Furnian Insti- 
tution in 1833, and spent two years in preparing 
for his life-work. 

His first pastorate was with the Cheraw church. 
In 1836 he became pastor of the Black Creek 
church, and he still sustains this relation. 

Avery gratifying part of his labors has been 
among the colored people. During the war he 
baptized 97 in one day. 

He has always been an active friend of missions, 
Sunday-schools, and of every good work. He is 
one of the oldest and most respected ministers in 
the State. He has never changed his residence in 
the forty-four years of his married life. Few min- 
isters indeed have maintained themselves so long 
in one community. 

Of his wife, it is enough to say she is a grand- 
daughter of Rev. Evan Pugh, and she is in all re- 
spects worthy of her grandfather. 

Darrow, Rev. Zadoc, only son of Ebenezer 
Darrow, was born Dec. 25 (0. S.), 1728. His 
mother was a Rogers, and a descendant of the 
martyr John. He was educated as an Episco- 
palian, but was converted under the preaching of 
Rev. Joshua Morse, a New Light, and afterwards a 
Baptist. He was ordained as pastor of the Baptist 



church in Waterford, Conn., in 1769, and continued 
in that relation, with large and happy success, till 
his death, in 1827, at the age of ninety-nine, closing 
a ministry of nearly sixty years. A large portion 
of Eastern Connecticut felt the deep impress of his 
thoughts and character. His grandson. Rev. Fran- 
cis Darrow, was associated with him in 1809, and 
continued to serve the church till his death, in 
1851, at the age of seventy-one, in the forty-first 
year of his ministry. His success was like that of 
his grandfather. 

Davidson, Rev. George, was born Feb. 14, LS25, 
at Pruntytown, Taylor Co., W. Va. He married 
in '1851, and was baptized by Rev. Cleon Keys, 
March, 1854; was licensed to preach March, 1857, 
and ordained as pastor of the Pruntytown church 
March 14, 1858. He continued as pastor of the 
Pruntytown and other churches for nine years, 
and is now and has been for the last fifteen years 
pastor of the Baptist church at Grafton. He has 
attained a good degree of eminence and success in 
his work ; has been president of the General Asso- 
ciation of the State ; is a fine preacher, and a model 
pastor ; and his church is efficient in benevolent 
enterprises and in Christian influence. 

Davidson, Thomas Leslie, D.D., was born in 

Edinburgh, Scotland, Sept. 6, 1825. When a lad 
of eight years of age he left his native country and 
came to Canada. He was baptized in 1841, and 
was educated at the Baptist college in Montreal, 
where he spent four years (1843-47). In the month 
of August, 1847, he was ordained pastor in Picker- 
ing, Ontario, where he remained until December, 
1850, and then accepted a call to the church in the 
city of Brantford, with which he remained a little 
more than nine years, resigning in April, 1860. 
He was greatly prospered in his ministry while at 
Brantford, having baptized 308 persons and built 
two churches. In 1854 he became editor of the 
Christian Messenger, now the Canadian Baptist, 
of Toronto. He was elected secretary of the Bap- 
tist Missionary Convention of Ontario in 1857, and 
held the office fifteen years successively. He was 
re-elected in 1876 and served two years. His pas- 
torates after leaving Brantford were in St. George 
(1860-66), Elgin (1866-73), and in Guelph (1873- 
77). For one year (1877-78) he was general finan- 
cial and traveling secretary of the Ontario Baptist 
Convention. In December, 1878, he became pastor 
of the church in Chatham, where he now (1880) re- 
sides. Rochester University, in 1855, conferred on 
him the degree of A.M., and in 1863 that of D.D. 
He published, in 1858, a work on baptism and 
communion. 

Up to the time of writing this sketch Dr. David- 
son has secured the building of six Baptist churches, 
has baptized over 1000 persons, preached at the dedi- 
cation of over fifty Baptist meeting-houses in the 



JDA VIES 



DA VIES 



province of Ontario, and taken part in the ordina- 
tion of about sixty pastors. As the result of his 




THOMAS LESLIE DAVIDSOX, D.D. 

ministerial labors a number of Baptist churches 
have been gathered in the province. 

Davies, Benjamin, Ph.D., LL.D., was born 
Feb. 26. 1814, in Carmarthenshire, Wales. In early 
life he gave evidence of fervent piety, and began to 
preach before he was sixteen years old. He was 
received as a ministerial student at Bristol Col- 
lege in 1830, where he made marked progress in 
those studies by which in after-life he was so dis- 
tinguished. On the conclusion of his course at 
Bristol he proceeded to the Universities of Dublin 
and Glasgow, and finally to Germany, where he 
formed life-long friendships with Tholuck, Ewald, 
Rodiger, and other eminent scholars in Hebrew 
and Oriental literat\ire. He left Germany in 1838 
with the degree of Ph.D. from Leipsic University, 
and took charge of the Baptist Theological Institu- 
tion at Montreal, Canada. Here he resided for six 
years, and married Miss Eliza Try, of Portland, 
Me. In 1844 he went to England to take the 
presidency of Stepney College, which position he 
held until 1847. when he returned to Canada as 
professor in McGill College, Montreal. He spent 
ten years at this post, and pursued with ardor his 
favorite Oriental studies. He finally returned to 
England in 1857, and became classical and Oriental 
tutor at Stepney College, just then removed to 
Regent's Park, under the presidency of Dr. Angus. 
Here for eighteen years he labored, attracting the 
almost filial attachment of his students and the 



high respect of distinguished Biblical scholars of 
all denominations. Trinity College, Dublin, hon- 
ored him with the degree of LL.D. He engaged 
largely in literary work, writing or editing the 
notes to portions of the Annotated Paragraph 
Bible, published by the Religious Tract Society ; 
assisting Dr. Payne Smith, the Dean of Canterbury, 
in the preparation of his " Syriac Lexicon" : and 
in preparing successive editions of his own well- 
known " Student's Grammar" and "Student's Lex- 
icon of the Hebrew Language." He was an active 
member of the Philological Society, and when the 
work of revising the Authorized Version of the 
Holy Scriptures was undertaken by a committee 
of the Convocation of the Established Church, the 
name of Dr. Davies was one of the first which it 
was resolved to include as representing Biblical 
scholarship among the Non-conformists. He be- 
came a member of the Old Testament Company 
of Revisers, he and his old friend and fellow- 
student, Dr. Gotch, being the Baptist members of 
the company. In this great and honorable work 
he took the deepest interest. His health began to 
fail in the spring of 1876, and he died July 19, in 
his sixty-second year. 

Davies, Daniel, D.D., was bnrn in Carmarthen- 
shire, Wales, Dec. 15, 1797. His parents removed 
to Dowlais, Glamorganshire, when he was quite 
young. At the age of seven he had an attack of 
smallpox, which left him sightless. In his six- 
teenth year he was admitted into the college for 
the blind at Liverpool. He united in his boyhood 
with the Welsh Presbyterians, and commenced 
preaching in connection with that body. His 
ability was such as to command attention. He 
continued laboring with growing acceptance in the 
church of his parents until a })ook written by 
Abraham Booth on the "Kingdom of Christ" was 
read to him. This had the eflfect of revolutionizing 
his mind on several questions bearing on the polity 
of the New Testament church. Having declared 
himself a convert to Baptist principles, he was 
baptized on a profession of his faith by David 
Saunders, a man of eminence in his day. He was 
at this time twenty-three years of age. Having 
spent five j'earswith the Welsh church in London, 
he was invited to succeed the Rev. Joseph Harries 
(Gonier), one of the most gifted men of his age, at 
Bethesda, Swansea. Here he labored with dis- 
tinguished success for a period of thirty years, 
having under his care one of the largest and most 
intellectual churches in the Principality. In 1855 
he left Swansea for Cardigan, another stronghold 
of Baptist influence. His later years were spent 
in Glamorganshire, under the genial roof of his 
son-in-law, the Rev. John Rowlands. 

For at least forty years the Rev. Daniel Davies 
was one of the most conspicuous figures in the 



DAVIE S 



DA VIES 



Baptist pulpit of the Principality. His reputation 
was as far-reaching as the language in which he 
preached. No Associational gathering was consid- 
ered complete without his presence, and however 




DANIEL DAVIES, D.D. 

highly wrought the expectations of the multitude, 
they were never disappointed in the "blind man." 

His mind was richly stored with every variety 
of useful knowledge. Although deprived of sight, 
he had an acquaintance with books which im- 
pressed with wonder those Avho casually associated 
with him. He could converse freely and intelli- 
gently upon almost any subject that would be 
likely to interest the thoughtful. He kept some 
one ever at his side whose business it was to un- 
fold the treasures of the wise and learned, while 
he assorted, arranged, and labeled them for their 
appropriate places in his well-ordered mind. 

He was intellectually fitted to feel at home in the 
discussion of great truths and principles. It was a 
rich treat to hear him on an important occasion. 
He was like one of those transatlantic steamers 
that must be seen in deep waters and a heavy sea to 
be appreciated. He never appeared to better ad- 
vantage than when out in mid-ocean, with sails full 
set and filled with an impassioned gale of feeling, 
when the steam-power of conviction and the sail- 
power of inspirational enthusiasm united to propel 
him through the deep and turbulent waters of 
some great discussion. 

He was a delightful ministerial companion. 
Even to old age he retained his youthfulness and 
vivacity. Though dead, he still lives in the af- 



fections and spiritually-quickened lives of thou- 
sands of his countrymen, among whom is the 
writer of this sketch. 

Davies, George, of Charlottetown, Prince Ed- 
ward Island, is of Welsh extraction, a wealthy mer- 
chant, and prominent member of the Baptist church 
in that town ; is very benevolent, and has made 
magnificent contributions to the various enterprises 
sustained by the Baptist denomination in the 
maritime provinces. 

Davies, E.ev. John, son of William and Mary 
(Jones) Davies, was born in Birmingham, Eng- 
land, April 11, 18.37; spent his early years in 
Shrewsbury ; was educated at Rawden College, 
Yorkshire ; at the age of twenty-five was ordained, 
in Birmingham, pastor of the Bond Street Baptist 
church, where he successively labored for more 
than five years; came to the United States in 
1867 ; preached first in Danbury, Conn., then ac- 
cepted a call to the Baptist church in South Xor- 
walk, where his ministry was blessed, for more than 
four years ; in April, 1872, he became pastor of the 
Central Baptist church in Norwich, one' of the prin- 
cipal churches in the State; his assiduous toil was 
largely prospered ; easy and eloquent as a speaker ; 
withal a poet and writer for periodicals ; thoroughly 
interested in every good cause, — missions, educa- 
tion, and temperance ; served the city on the School 
Board ; was active in the Baptist State Convention ; 
beloved by all who knew him in England and in 
this country; married, November, 1863, Emil}' 
White, of Birmingham, England, a lady of rare 
talents, attainments, and character; had three sons 
and two daughters. On Sunday, Dec. 28, 1879, 
while delivering an annual memorial discourse, he 
fell in the pulpit, and was unconscious for a time ; 
went to England, seeking rest and recuperation. 
Died April 19, 1880, aged fortj^-three years, and 
was buried in Birmingham, where he expired. 

Davies, Thomas, D.D., president of the Baptist 
College, Haverford- West, Wales, was born near Saint 
Mellon's, Monmouthshire, in 1812. He was bap- 
tized when about eighteen years of age by the Rev. 
Evan Jones Caesbach, a minister of considerable 
distinction in his day. He began to exercise his 
gifts as a preacher in 1831. He was educated at 
the Baptist College, Bristol, and spent the years of 
his early ministry in Merthyr-Tydvil, Glamorgan- 
shire. 

In the year 18.55 the presidency of the college at 
Haverfoi-d-West became vacant through the death 
of the venerated David Davies, who had occupied 
the position with signal ability and acceptance 
from its incipiency. In the effort of the denomi- 
nation to secure a man to carry forward a work 
which had been so well begun, the unanimous choice 
fell upon the Rev. Thomas Davies, of Merthyr. He 
brought to his new and arduous position a cultivated 



DAVIS 



311 



DAVIS 



mind and ripe scholarship. Under his adminis- 
tration the institution has grown in importance 
and influence, giving to the churches some of their 
most efficient leaders. 

During all the years of Dr. Davies's presidency- 
he has sustained, either jointly or alone, the pas- 
torate of one of the largest churches in the county. 
To hear him preach twenty years ago was an in- 
spiration. He was a model of eloquence, which 
for purity and pungency could scarcely be sur- 
passed. It is generally admitted by those who 
were under his preceptorship in those earlier years, 
that his efforts in the pulpit left a deeper impress 
on their character, botii as men and as ministers, 
than his efforts in the class. 

lie is now in his sixty-ninth year, prosecuting 
his work both in the college and in the church with 
recognized efficiency. 

Davis, E,ev. Elnathan, was born in Maryland 
in 1739: his parents were Seventh-Day Baptists, 
but he was wild and reckless. 

" He heard that one John Steward was to be bap- 
tized on a certain day by Mr. Stevens : the candi- 
date was a very large man, and the minister small 
of stature, and he concluded that there would be 
some diversion, if not drowning, and so he gathered 
eight or ten of his companions in wickedness and 
went to the spot. AVhen Mr. Stevens commenced 
his sermon Elnathan drew near to hear him. Avhile 
his companions stood at a distance. lie was no 
sooner in the throng than he perceived that some 
of the people trembled as if in an ague fit. He ran 
to his companions, but the charm of Stevens"s voice 
drew him to the listening multitude again. He, 
with many others, sank to the ground ; when he 
came to himself he found nothing in himself but 
dread and anxiety. He obtained relief by putting 
his trust in Jesus." 

He was baptized on a profession of his faith, and 
he began at once to preach Jesus. He moved to 
North Carolina in 1757, and was ordained in 1764 
by the celebrated Samuel Harriss, of Virginia. He 
remained in North Carolina till 1798, when he 
settled in South Carolina, in the bounds of the 
Saluda Association, and he labored in that region 
till his death. Mr. Davis was a miracle of mercy, 
and a useful minister of Jesus. 

Davis, Judge Ezekiel W., settled at Grand 
Rapids in 1834. He commenced his Christian life 
in another denomination. His first child was the 
devoted and efficient Mrs. Jewett. our missionary 
among the Teloogoos. The question of her baptism 
as an infant led him to investigations which made 
him a Baptist. lie united with the Indian mission 
church at Grand Rapids, until another was formed 
in the city, after which he ever bore an interested 
and leading part in this church. He was always 
ready to do the work of an evan<Telist among the 



destitute and afflicted, preaching to them as Provi- 
dence called, though not bearing or seeking the 
ministerial name. His death was in 1874, on the 
verge of fourscore years, half of which he had 
spent at Grand Rapids. He was born in Eliza- 
beth, N. J., but grew to manhood in the vicinity of 
Utica, N. Y., where he was baptized bj* Rev. Elon 
Galusha. 

Davis, Rev. George Edwin, of AVplsh parents, 

was born in London, England, 3Iarch 7. 1824 : emi- 
grated with his parents to the United States in 
1828 ; was educated in New York ; was first officer 
of a ship sailing to California in 1849 ; converted 
and baptized the same year ; began to preach and 
talk of Jesus at once, in San Francisco, especially 
among seamen ; licensed in 1855, oi'dained in 1856, 
and became pastor of the Mariners' church : has 
done much mission work in California; organized 
the San Pablo and other churches; was pastor at 
San Pablo and Redwood City: is now pastor of 
the South San Francisco Mission church. He has 
much Welsh fire and magnetism in preaching. 
Excessive labor has impaired his vocal organs, but 
in missionary zeal the ardor of youth is unabated. 
Davis, Hon. George F., was born in Brighton, 
Mass., Feb. 16, 1820. His father, Samuel Davis, 




HOX. GEORGE F. DATIS. 

originally a Unitarian, became a Baptist, and on 
his removal to Quincy, 111., in 1835, was instru- 
mental in forming the First Baptist church of that 
city. At the first baptism after the organization 
of this church, George F. confessed Christ. In 
1838 he left his father's home in Quincy and re- 



DAVIS 



312 



moved to Cincinnati, 0., where he engaged in busi- 
ness, and where he still lives. 

Mr. Davis has been an active and successful busi- 
ness man, and has been much in public life. He 
was president of the first board of aldermen in the 
city of Cincinnati, and has been several times presi- 
dent of the Chamber of Commerce. He is a very 
efi^ective public speaker, and has represented his 
city and denomination on many important public 
occasions. He has also frequently been called to 
preside over conventions in Sunday-school and 
church work, and has been on almost all the offi- 
cial boards of our national organizations. All his 
life he has been engaged in the Sunday-school. He 
was one of the constituent members of the Mount 
Auburn Baptist church, and also one of the projec- 
tors and owners of the Mount Auburn Institute, a 
school of high grade for young ladies. He is one 
of the most valued trustees of Denison University. 

Mr. Davis is a pronounced Baptist, and has the 
confidence of the entire community. He was mar- 
ried in 1841 to Miss N. W. Wilson, who is still 
living. He has five sons, all located in Cincinnati. 

Davis, Gustavus Fellowes, D.D., son of Isaac 
Davis, was born in Boston, Mass., March 17, 1797 ; 
at his father's death, in 1803, moved to Roxbury ; 
studied in Dedham, under Rev. Mr. White, and in 
Roxbury under Dr. Prentiss : in 1813 went to 
Worcester to learn a trade, and was converted 
under the preaching of Rev. William Bentley, and 
joined the Baptist church ; was devoted to the 
study of the Bible and of books ; began preaching 
at the age of seventeen, in Hampton, Conn. ; in 
March, 1815, moved to Preston, Conn., where he 
was ordained June 13, 1816 ; the first person bap- 
tized by him was but nine years old, and a great 
impression was made; in 1818 settled with the 
Baptist church in South Reading, Mass., and re- 
mained eleven years; studied Greek and Latin, 
walking to Boston to recite to Mr. Winchell and 
Dr. Francis Wayland ; in 1829 removed to Hart- 
ford, Conn., first to assist Rev. W. Bentley, but 
finally settled as pastor of the Baptist church ; in 
1835 received the honorary degree of D.D. from 
Wesleyan University, Middletown ; married Jan. 
5, 1817, Abigail Leonard, of Preston, Conn. ; had 
three sons and three daughters ; wrote and pub- 
lished numerous addresses and sermons ; at South 
Reading compiled a hymn-book for conference 
meetings; was a chief agent in establishing the 
Connecticut Literary Institution in Suffield ; a 
studious, executive, devout, noble, efficient man; 
died Sept. 17, 1836, in his fortieth year. 

Davis, Gustavus Fellowes, Esq., a banker of 

Hartford, Conn., son of Rev. Gustavus F. Davis, 
D.D., was born in North Stonington, Conn., -Jan. 
4, 1818; was educated at the Hartford Grammar 
School, and in the academy at Westfield, Mass. ; 



was prevented from pursuing his collegiate course 
by weak eyes ; entered business circles ; has now 
(1880) been engaged in the banking business for 
forty-six years ; is president of the City National 
Bank, of Hartford, and of the State Savings Bank ; 
vice-president of the Travelers' Insurance Com- 
pany ; director in the Mtna. Insurance Company; 
trustee in Connecticut Mutual Safe Deposit Com- 
pany ; treasurer of the South School District of 
Hartford ; trustee of the Connecticut Literary In- 
stitution at Suffield, and of the Baptist Education 
Society : was elected during the past year a repre- 
sentative from Hartford to the State Legislature ; 
has maintained through life an active interest in 
educational aff'airs; is a prominent member of the 
Baptist denomination, and deeply interested in its 
pi-osperity ; a worthy son of a worthy father. 

Davis, Isaac, LL.D., was bom in North- 
borough, Mass., June 2, 1799. He graduated at 
Brown University in the clnss of 1822. Among 
his. classmates were Rev. Dr. Caswell, Rev. Dr. B. 
C. Cutler, Prof. J. W. Farnum, and Hon. Solomon 
Lincoln. Mr. Davis studied law, and having been 
admitted to the bar, commenced the practice of his 
profession in Worcester, Mass., in which he achieved 
great success. He has always been a decided Bap- 
tist, identifying himself in many ways with the in- 
terests of the denomination, and by his counsels 
and benefactions, helping forward every good cause 
represented by the diff"erent religious organizations 
which were brought into existence by the zeal and 
benevolence of leading Baptists. His love for the 
college where he received his education has never 
flagged, but amid all its fortunes he has proved 
himself its staunch and constant friend. He was 
chosen a member of its board of trustees in 1838, 
and a Fellow in 1851. For forty years he was 
president of the board of trustees of the Worcester 
Academy, which has done so much in fitting young 
men for Brown University. Mr. Davis has also 
taken an active part in all plans designed to pro- 
mote the welfare of the city which for so many 
years has been his home. He was its mayor for 
three years. In the politics of the State he has 
also been interested. For eleven years he was in 
the State senate. He has been one of the gov- 
ernor's council. For a number of years he was a 
member of the Massachusetts Board of Education, 
and rendered efficient service in elevating the tone 
of public sentiment with reference to popular edu- 
cation, thus making the schools of Massachusetts 
the glory of the old Bay State. In some respects 
Mr. Davis may be regarded as among the most in- 
fluential Baptists in New England. He has loved 
the cause in which at an early day he embarked, 
when the Baptists occupied a position in society 
far below what they have now reached. To him, 
and to such as he, the denomination are greatly 



DAVIS 



313 



DAVIS 



indebted, under God, for what has been done during 
the past fifty years, to give it the rank which it 
now holds among the other Christian denomina- 
tions. 

Davis, Rev. James, was born in Hopkinton, 
N. H., Nov. 6, 1772 ; converted about 1791 ; grad- 
uated at Dartmouth College in 1798 ; ordained in 
Vermont by the Congregationalists in 1804 ; in 
1816 became a Baptist, and was baptized Oct. 12, 
1816, by Rev. Asa Wilcox ; by his own request was 
reordained in Lyme, Conn., Nov. 14, 1816 ; labored 
successfully as an evangelist; was of great service 
in founding the Connecticut Literary Institution, 
at SuffieJd, Conn. ; was the instrument of adding 
800 members to Baptist churches ; died in Ab- 
ington, Mass., May 28, 1821 ; a noble toiler in 
Connecticut. 

Davis, Rev. James, one of the most useful 
ministers that ever lived in the western part of 
Georgia, including Coweta, Troup, Heard, Meri- 
wether, and the adjacent counties, was born in 
AVilkes County, Jan. 22, 1805. He married, and 
joined the church when quite a young man, and 
never afterwards could relate his Christian experi- 
ence without manifesting deep emotion. He moved 
from Elbort to Jasper County in 1826, where he 
was both licensed and ordained. Returning to El- 
bert County in 1828, he preached there for several 
years, with increasing power and success. About 
1830 he moved to the western part of the State, 
where he spent the remaining portion of his life, 
acting as a pioneer Baptist, and proclaiming those 
Baptist principles which, to-day, flourish so exten- 
sively in that section. Strong in native intellect, 
robust in constitution, untiring in energy, and im- 
pelled by the sole desire to "preach Christ cruci- 
fied,'' Mr. Davis left his impress on the entire sec- 
tion of country ip which he lived. He assisted in 
the constitution of the Baptist church at La Grange, 
and, indeed, of most of the Baptist churches in the 
counties where he labored. A friend of education, 
strongly missionary in spirit, an earnest, devout, 
gifted, and eloquent preacher, he struggled nobly 
to disseminate the great truths of Christianity, as 
maintained by our denomination ; and he did as 
much to give moral tone to the community in which 
he lived as any man. 

Good and useful while here, he died as he lived, 
in the faith of -Jesus. He passed away in September, 
1859, at his home in Heard County. To his only 
absent son, Rev. AVm. H. Davis, then residing at 
Hephzibah, Ga., he sent this simple message: 
'• Strive, my son, to be a good minister of the 
gospel, and meet me in glory." We know that one 
injunction has been fulfilled, and we have every 
reason to believe that both have been. 

Davis, Rev. John, was born at Pennepok. Pa., 
Sept. 10, 1721. He was ordained in 1756. and, re- 
21 



moving to Maryland, he became pastor of the Bap- 
tist church at Winter Run, Hartford Co., Md., 
which became the mother-church of Baptists in 
that State. He continued to serve this church with 
great success for fifty-three years. The First Bap- 
tist church in Baltimore, as well as several others 
still vigorous, owe their origin to his efforts. He 
was a man of untiring energy and zeal, and of deep 
piety. He traveled much and preached constantly, 
meeting with much opposition at the hands of those 
who despised and persecuted the Baptists, but 
through it all was greatly blessed. 

Davis, Gen. John, Bucks Co., Pa. — The father 
of Gen. Davis was born in October, 1760. Before 
he was sixteen years of age he entered the Revo- 
lutionary army, in which he served till the war was 
over. He fought at Brandywine, Germantown, 
3Ionmouth, Stony Point, and at Cowpens. From 



Iff 




GEN. JOHX DAVIS. 

Trenton to Yorktown he was at his country's ser- 
vice to fight or die. He was an ensign in Lafayette's 
light infantry, and assisted in carrying that general 
from the field when he was wounded at Brandy- 
wine. He was very obnoxious to the Tories, and 
on one occasion when ab home on leave of absence 
he was only saved from capture in his own house 
by an ingenious effort at concealment when it was 
searched. 

Gen. John Davis was the second of the seven 
children of .John Davis, Sr.. and of Ann Simpson, 
his wife. He was born Aug. 7, 1788, and died 
April 1, 1^78, in his ninetieth year. He was about 
six feet high, with a commanding and courteous 



DAVIS 



DAVIS 



presence ; with a face beaming with intelligence, 
and an ample forehead. In any company the ap- 
pearance of Gen. Davis would have proclaimed him 
a natural leader of men, not only where the stern 
authority of the commander was needed, but where 
large mental resources were required. 

The educational advantages possessed by the 
general in early life were supplemented by exten- 
sive reading, and by the retentiveness of a memory 
that seemed to forget nothing, and when he entered 
upon the active duties of manhood he had the cul- 
ture and attainments of one far in advance of his 
young neighbors. In March, 1813, he married 
Miss Amy Hart, and settled in the neighborhood 
where Davisville now stands, a village to which the 
community gave the name of the general, and in 
that beautiful region he spent the last sixty-five 
years of his life. 

Soon after he was married the blood of his brave 
father was stirred up within him by the wrongs his 
country suffered from the hostile efforts of Great 
Britain, and by the dangers which threatened the 
nation, and in September, 1814, he volunteered to 
march to the defense of Washington. His name 
headed the roll of his neighbors and friends, who 
formed a rifle company commanded by Capt. Wil- 
liam Purdy, in which he held the position of en- 
sign. In 1815 he entered the State militia, and 
maintained an unbroken connection with it for 
thirty-five years ; he filled every position from cap- 
tain to major-general, and three times he was 
elected major-general of the division of militia be- 
longing to Bucks and Montgomery Counties. 

When Lafayette visited this country in 1824, 
Gen. Davis received him with his regiment, 600 
strong, at the Trenton bridge, at Morrisville, and 
escorted him to the Philadelphia county-line, where 
he delivered the nation's guest to the authorities of 
Philadelphia. During the march from Morrisville, 
when the marquis learned that it was tiie general's 
father who assisted in cari'ying him from the field 
of Brandywine, he threw his arms around his neck 
and embraced him with every demonstration of 
gratitude and joy. 

Gen. Davis was one of the most popular men in 
the State, and his fellow-citizens loved to place him 
in public positions; indeed, sometimes the difficulty 
was rather in avoiding than in securing responsible 
and lucrative offices. In 1833, Gov. Wolf appointed 
him a member of the board of appraisers of dam- 
ages of public works of the State. In 1838 he was 
elected to the United States Congress, and he served 
his term in the House of Representatives, winning 
golden opinions from both political parties. In 
March, 1845, President Polk appointed him sur- 
veyor of the port of Philadelphia, which he held 
four years, and then retired to private life. 

Gen. Davis was sprinkled in infancy among the 



Presbyterians, but in early life he adopted the sen- 
timents of the Baptists, which he held very de- 
cidedly, and worshipped God among them ever 
after, though he always regarded his old friends 
with affection. After he formally united with the 
church, which occurred somewhat late in life, his 
piety shone forth over his whole movements, and 
his soul, with all its wealth of intellect, influence, 
experience, and resources, was devoted to Christ. 

He contributed most generously to sustain the 
church, to support foreign and home missions, and 
to aid every worthy cause ; and universal sorrow- 
burdened the entire community when the noble old 
man fell into the sleep of death. Twelve ministers 
of different communities were at his funeral, and 
throngs of persons from Bucks and neighboring 
counties made it the largest assemblage ever gath- 
ered in Bucks County to honor the memory of (me 
of its deceased sons. 

Gen. Davis was a patriot of the most large- 
hearted order, a gentleman of unusual refinement 
and courtesy, a Christian largely endowed with the 
grace of God, and a citizen loved and honored by 
all that knew him. 

Davis, Rev. John, was born in England, Nov. 
8, 1803; studied at Ilorton College; ordained at 
Portsea, Hants ; became pastor of the First Baptist 
church at Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, in 1853 ; pastor 
at St. George, New Brunswick, in 1857 ; next year 
took charge of the Baptist church at Charlotte- 
town, Prince Edward Island, where he died, Aug. 
14, 1875. He was a good thinker, a sound theolo- 
gian, a strong Christian, and an able preacher. 

Davis, Rev. Nathan M., long an efficient min- 
ister of Ouachita Baptist Association, La., was born 
in Mississippi, 1809, and died May 19, 1880. 

Davis, Rev. Noah, was born in Worcester Co., 
Md., July 28, 1802. Being blessed with eminently 
pious parents, his religious training was specially 
cared for. His early education was such as the 
common schools of the neighborhood afforded. At 
the age of sixteen he was engaged as a merchant's 
clerk in the city of Philadelphia. While here he 
experienced a change of heart, and was baptized, 
July 4, 1819, by Dr. Stoughton, in the Sansom 
Street church. ' He longed to preach the gospel ; 
removed to Maryland, and united with the church 
in Salisbury, and was licensed to preach July 9, 
1820, being then only eighteen years of age. In 
November of the same year he joined the literary 
and theological institution in Philadelphia, under 
the care of Dr. Stoughton and Prof. Chase, and 
when the Columbian College opened in 1821, he en- 
tered upon the course of study there. 'His zeal to 
do something for Christ led him to leave the college 
in 1823, and to enter upon the work of the minis- 
try at once. While pursuing his studies Mr. Davis 
preached frequently, and did much good by visit- 



DAVIS 



DA VIS 



ing poor families in the neighborhood, and especially 
by laboring in a Sunday-school organized for the in- 
struction of the colored people. Shortly after leaving 
college he mai'ried Miss Mary Young, a pious and 
accomplished lady, who greatly aided him in his 
ministerial work. For a while he labored in Acco- 
mac Co., Va., and then in Norfolk, and in both 
places he was eminently successful in building up 
the churches with which he labored, and in coun- 
teracting the withering influence of Antinomianisra 
so prevalent in those regions. While in Norfolk 
Mr. Davis became greatly interested in the welfare 
of sailors, formed a society to benefit them, and com- 
piled an excellent selection of hymns for their use. 
Indeed, he was ever active in all plans of Christian 
benevolence. It was owing to Mr. Davis's sugges- 
tions that the Baptist General Tract Society was 
organized. A meeting was called to consider the 
subject, and a tract society formed in Washington, 
D. C, Feb. 25, 1824, which was placed under the 
supervision of Mr. George Wood. The society, 
however, was soon removed to Philadelphia, and 
Mr. Davis was invited to accept its management, 
for which position he was peculiai'ly adapted, inas- 
much as his mind was of that energetic cast fitted 
to grasp and control the far-reaching interests of a 
national institution, and his views and aims were 
lofty and noble. But he was not permitted to labor 
long in this congenial field. Always somewhat 
feeble in health, he was suddenly taken sick, and 
after a very brief illness, died July 15, 1830, when 
not quite twenty-eight years of age. 

As a student) Mr. Davis was diligent, and his 
progress rapid. His mind was strong, clear, and 
energetic. As a preacher, he was more than 
usually interesting. He spoke with great fluency 
and sometimes with much power and eloquence, 
while his simple and pointed diction always won 
its way to the conscience. As a Christian, he 
burned with zeal for the Master's service, his 
prayer being, "Anywhere, or anyhow, only let me 
serve my generation according to thy will." He 
lived much in communion with God, and the 
strength which he thus acquired flowed out in acts 
of love upon all who came within the reach of his 
influence. He lived but a little while on the earth, 
but his faithful labors have been made a blessing 
to many. 

Davis, Noah. Knowles, LL.D., son of Noah and 
Mary Young Davis, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., 
May 15, 1830. His father died when he was yet an 
infant. His mother married Rev. John L. Dagg, 
at that time a pastor in the city, and the family 
shortly afterwards removed to Tuscaloosa, Ala. In 
1843, Dr. Dagg became president of Mercer Uni- 
versity, then located at Penfield, Ga. Here young 
Davis was baptized, and in 1S49 graduated with 
high honor. He then spent several years in his 



native city in the study of chemistry, supporting 
himself by teaching, by service in an architect's 
office, and by editing two books, the " Model Arch- 
itect'' and the "Carpenter's Guide." In 1852 he 
was appointed to the chair of Natural Science in 
Howard College, Marion, Ala. In 1859 he became 
principal of the Judson Female Institute, at the 
same place, which, under his management, attained 
its highest success, having during the six years of 
his presidency an average annual attendance of 225 
pupils. In 1868 he was elected president of Bethel 
College, Russellville, Ky. He reorganized this in- 
stitution, enlarged its curriculum, raised the stand- 
ard of scholarship, and thus placed the college on 
a level with other similar institutions in the country. 
In his position as president of Bethel College he 
had an opportunity to give special attention to 
metaphysical studies, for which he always enter- 
tained a preference. In 1873 he was elected to the 
chair of Moral Science in the University of Vir- 
ginia, recently made vacant by the death of W. H. 
McGuffey, D.D., LL.D., who had long filled it with 
distinguished success. This high position he still 
holds. As a teacher he is enthusiastic and thorough, 
and has made his course of instruction second to 
that in no institution of America. He is a clear 
and forcible, but not a prolific, writer. Besides 
articles in reviews, he published in 1880 (by Har- 
per & Bros.) " The Theory of Thought, a Treatise 
on Deductive Logic." This work, while based on 
the writings of Aristotle, and aiming to reproduce 
his logical system, is yet both original and pro- 
found. Every principle enumerated is verified by 
the author's own processes : he has only followed 
Aristotle as he followed the laws of thought. It is 
not too much to say that he has produced by far the 
most acute, original, and satisfactory treatise on 
logic ever written in this country, and that his 
book deserves a place among the best on the subject 
in the English language. Space will not allow 
even a bare statement of the many excellencies of 
this admirable work. From the studies he has 
pursued and the positions he has filled, it may easily 
be inferred that Dr. Davis is a man of varied and 
high attainments. While not disposed to seek so- 
ciety, he is of a genial and social disposition, con- 
versing readily and well on a great variety of sub- 
jects. His religious convictions are strong, and 
his piety deep, genuine, and unobtrusive. During 
the sessions of the university he lectures on Sun- 
day afternoons on select portions of the Bible, and 
his lectures are largely attended by professors, stu- 
dents, and others. His presence in the Associa- 
tional meetings of his denomination is always wel^ 
come ; and his addresses on public occasions are 
heard with attention and profit. His own words, 
in a letter to a friend, will best indicate his spirit, 
and close this sketch : "A homeless wanderer and 



DA VIS 



316 



DAWSON 



sojourner, yet ever abundantly blessed by a kind 
Providence all through an ill-spent life, grant me, 
my Master, to serve thee better in the few years 
or days that are left." 

Davis, E,ev. Stephen, was bom at Andover, 
England, Oct. 30, 1783, of parents who were mem- 
bers of the Little Wild Street church, then under 
the charge of Dr. Stennett. His first deep impres- 
sions of religious truth he ascribed to a sermon by 
Samuel Pearce, of Birmingham, which he heard 
when he was about thirteen, but he was converted 
under Dr. Rippon's ministry, and was baptized in 
180:2. His gifts for public service being recognized 
by the church at Devonshire Square, to which he 
had united himself on his baptism, he was or- 
dained July 11, 1816. Ilis first labors were given 
to the Baptist Irish Society, then recently formed 
to aid in reviving the ancient Baptist churches in 
Ireland, and to diffuse a knowledge of the gospel 
among the people. He preached in Dul)lin for 
several months with great acceptance, and was 
invited to remain permanently independent of the 
society, but he proceeded to Clonmel, and during 
seven years evangelized in the county of Tipperary 
with apostolic zeal. His ability as an advocate of 
the claims of the work being discovered, he was 
frequently summoned to serve the society as its dep- 
utation. In the years 1832-33 he visited the United 
States, and was received with great pleasure. He 
obtained upwards of £1000, and diffused valuable 
information concerning Irish questions. In 1837 
he became the traveling agent of the society, in 
which laborious vocation he spent the remaining 
years of his life. He fell asleep in Jesus Feb. 3, 
1856, aged seventy-two. His sons. Dr. George 
Henry Davis and Stephen J. Davis, were for many 
years esteemed ministers among the English Bap- 
tists. 

Davis, Rev. Wm. H., was born in Jasper Co., 
Ga., Aug. 18, 1826, and died Sept. 18, 1879, at his 
residence in Hephzibah. A graduate of Mercer 
University in 1853, he settled in Burke County in 
1858, and in the course of time became one of the 
most prominent and useful ministers of the Reho- 
both Association. He was often its moderator, and 
pastor of a number of its chui-ches, including Bark 
Camp, Hopeful, Bottsfbrd, and Rocky Creek. He 
was a trustee of Ilepzibah High School from its 
commencement, except when a teacher and co-prin- 
cipal of it, from 1868 to 1875 inclusive. From 1877 
until his death he was a trustee of Mercer Univer- 
sity. He was licensed in 1847, and ordained in 
1853. Wm. II. Davis was a man of classical edu- 
cation, a citizen of untarnished reputation, a teacher 
of rare ability, a Christian of most exemplary de- 
portment, a pastor faithful to his obligations, a 
minister of the gospel surpassed in pulpit power 
by but few, if any, in the State. He was clear in 



the presentation of Scriptural truth, logical in his 
reasoning, and pathetic in his appeals. 

Mr. Davis was of a commanding appearance, 
about medium height, weighing over two hundred- 
pounds, of dark complexion, pleasant expression 
of countenance, kind and genial in spirit, and of 
polished manners. 

Davol, William Hale, M.D., was born in 

Warren, R. I., July 3, 1823. He was fitted for 
college by Rev. Dr. Stockbridge, at the time prin- 
cipal of tlie Warren Ladies' Seminary. He gradu- 
ated at Brown University, studied medicine in his 
native town, and received the degree of M.D. from 
the Massachusetts Medical School in 1850. After 
having practised in Fall River, Mass., for a short 
time, he removed to Brooklyn, N. Y. Here, for 
eleven years, he was occupied with the duties of his 
profession, in which he was rising to more than 
ordinary distinction, when he was arrested in the 
midst of his prosperous career by the disease which 
deepened into a settled consumption ; and after 
resorting to all methods which his own skill and 
that of his brother physicians suggested to avert 
the dreaded calamity, he returned to his old home in 
Warren to die. Dr. Davol had professed his faith 
in Christ in Brooklyn, and joined the Bridge Street 
Baptist church in that city, becoming one of its 
deacons, and living the life and setting the example 
of a consistent Christian. His death took place in 
Warren, June 12, 1863. 

Dawson, Hon. George, was born in Falkirk, 
Scotland, March 14, 1813. At eleven years of age 
he entered a printing-office, and was thus led to 
adopt the profession of journalism. He has a varied 
and accurate knowledge of the classics, sciences, 
philosophy, and history. He has been a reporter 
and editor for forty-four years ; for thirty-nine 
years he has been the proprietor and editor of 
the Albany Evening Journal. Under his manage- 
ment that paper has held a high position among the 
dailies of the country. He is an ardent friend of 
his political party, but his paper has never violated 
the laws of pure and honorable journalism. He 
has made it the advocate of freedom, intelligence 
among the masses, and especially of free schools. 
He was converted and baptized in Rochester in 
1829, by Rev. Dr. C. C. Comstock, pastor of the 
First Baptist church, and he was anxious to accom- 
pany his son, Grover S. Comstock, the missionary, 
toBurmah, as printer, but circumstances prevented 
him. In 1830 he entered a mission Sunday-school 
as teacher, and for the fifty years intervening he 
has not ceased to labor in that field. He has been 
for many years a lil)eral supporter of our great 
Baptist enterprises, and a helper of his pastors in 
their work. He is a member of the Calvary Bap- 
tist church, and he was regarded as a safe adviser 
and as an efficient co-worker by Drs. Welch and 



DA WSON 



317 



DAY 



Bridsinan. Aside from his editorial duties, he has 
published " The Pleasures of Anirlin"-," a work 
highly prized by the diseiples of Isaak Walton. 
Fur six years he filled the office of postmaster in 
Albany, N. Y., and for seven years that of park 
commissioner. 

Dawson, Rev. Samuel G., was bom in Virginia 
in 1834, and in early childhood removed with his 
parents to Zanesville, 0. At the age of fifteen he 
became a Christian, and for some years was en- 
gaged in commercial life. Was ordained in May, 
1859, as pastor of the Valley church, near Marietta, 
0., where he remained until 1863, when he became 
a missionary pastor in East Toledo, under the ap- 
pointment of the Ohio State Convention. This pas- 
torate was very successful. In the eleven years he 
held this position two meeting-houses were built, 
and the church grew from a membership of 8 to 
125. 

On the death of the lamented J. B. Sackett, Mr. 
Dawson was elected corresponding secretary of the 
Oliio State Convention. He began this work in 
January, 1875, and continued in it until September 
5, when he was removed by death. His loss was 
deeply felt throughout the entire State. Affable, 
earnest, and consecrated, he was the object of much 
affection, and his early departure was regarded as 
a severe calamity to the cause of Christ. He was 
a conspicuous instance of the power of Christ in 
the human heart and life. 

Dawson, Rev. Thomas, died at Pendleton, 
S. C, June 29, 1880, in his ninety-first year. He 
was born in England in 1790, and held a lieu- 
tenant's commission in the British army at the 
time of the battle of Waterloo, though he was 
not engaged on that decisive field. He was bap- 
tized Oct. 1, 1815, and came to the United States 
in 1818; he was ordained in 1819. The Triennial 
Convention sent him as a missionary to the Chero- 
kee Indians in North Carolina. When they were 
about to be removed ho came to South Carolina, 
where he spent the rest of his life. He preached 
for twenty years among the mountains, and he was 
for some time a missionary to the colored people 
along the coast. He was unable to preach for 
several years before his death. 

Day, Hon. Albert, was born in Westfield, 
Mass., Nov. 29, 1797 ; settled in Hartford, Conn., 
in 1822; became a successful merchant; was con- 
verted, and united with the First Baptist church; 
was the leader in the foi'mation of the South Bap- 
tist chui'ch in 1834 ; was chosen deacon at its or- 
ganization, and was a pillar in the church in every 
respect to the end of his life ; noted for his num- 
berless acts of private benevolence ; a remarkable 
friend to the poor ; his house always open to 
ministers ; a generous contributor to benevolent 
objects; was lieutenant-governor of Connecticut in 



1856; was trustee of Brown University, also trustee 
of Connecticut Literary Institution ; superintendent 
of the South Baptist Sunday-school from its forma- 
tion till laid aside by infirmities, and distinguished 
in this position and in founding missicm schools in 
the cityof Hartfo)-d ; left two sons and a daughter; 
died Nov. 11, 1876, nearh' seventy-nine years of 
age. 

Day, Charles B,, for many years at the head 
of the large wholesale and retail dry-goods firm of 
Day Bros. & Co., of Peoria, 111,, was born in Ches- 
terfield, N. H., in 1821, where he joined the Bap- 
tist church in 1850. The next year he removed to 
Brimfield, 111., where he found a small Baptist 
church, to which, to its great joy, he immediately 
joined himself, thongh assured that such an alliance 
would not be favorable to his business. In 1860 
he removed to Peoria, and became a member of the 
First church there, and continues one of its main 
supporters. Though not a man of fluent speech, 
he has always been regular in his attendance upon 
church appointments, and has ever been libei-al in 
his contributions. He has also paid considerable 
sums to Christian education, in w^hich cause his 
interest is intelligent and constant. He is well 
known in the State as a successful business man, a 
firm Baptist, an uncompromising friend of tem- 
perance. 

Day, Rev. George E., M,D., was born in Shef- 
field, New Brunswick, Sept. 9, 1833 ; converted 
and baptized when young, he entered Acadia Col- 
lege, September, 1851 ; commenced preaching in 
1852; taught in the Baptist Seminai-y, Fredericton, 
New Brunswick, also in a collegiate institute in 
New York ; practised medicine in St. John, New 
Brunswick ; was ordained pastor of the First Bap- 
tist church, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, June, 1868, 
where he still ministers with success. 

Dr. Day is a good preacher, and has labored as- 
siduously and successfully to promote unity and 
efficiency in home mission work in the Maritime 
Provinces. 

Day, Henry, D.D., oldest son of Rev. Ambrose 
and Sarah Day, was born in Westfield, Mass., May, 
1818. His father, an earnest Christian (ordained 
when near middle life at the persistent request of 
his brethren), spent his life mainly upon a farm, 
and reared a large family. Having efficient help- 
ers in his children, he was usually away from 
home, supplying feeble churches within a radius 
of forty miles, though receiving for the service but 
a pittance. All the entire youth of the oldest son 
was spent in farm-work, alternated with study, 
only interrupted by a single winter's .teaching. 
When nearing his majority, with an iron constitu- 
tion and perfect health, with little more than an 
ordinary New England country boy's culture, but 
with habits of industry, with a fair preparation fur 



DAY 3 

college, and a profession of faith in Christ, he en- 
tered the Freshman class of Brown University, 
where he found little time or inclination for any- 
thing but legitimate work. His sense of justice to 




HENRY DAY, D.D. 

parents and brothers would not allow him to re- 
main dependent upon the limited means or strained 
credit of his father. At the close of his second year, 
he became assistant in the Worcester County High 
School, and spent in it one of the most profitable 
years of his life. Returning to his college studies, 
with the incubus of debt mostly removed, he grad- 
uated with honor in the class of 1843. Among his 
classmates were Profs. Huntington, of Columbian 
University, Washington ; James, of Lewisburg 
University, Pa. ; llobinson P. Dunn, Professor 
of Belles-Lettres, and Albert Harkness, for these 
many years Professor of Greek in Brown Uni- 
versity ; and Dr. Lyman Jewett, the Nestor of our 
foreign missions. Mr. Day had long purposed to 
preach the gospel ; but justice to his creditors de- 
manded immediate work more productive; and he 
accepted the position of first teacher in the Provi- 
dence High School, in which he spent three and a 
half years. He shrank from incurring further 
liabilities until the means of meeting them, earned 
by his personal efforts, had been secured. He ob- 
tained from the First Baptist church of Providence, 
of which he was for ten years a member, a license to 
preach, and accepted the professorship of Mathe- 
matics in Georgetown College, Ky., then under the 
presidency of Dr. Howard Malcom. Two years 
later, he accepted a pressing invitation to the pro- 



5 DAY 

fessorship of Physical Science, and returned to 
New England, where he spent the year under emi- 
nent instructors at Brown and Harvard Universi- 
ties, in prosecuting the studies of his prospective 
chair. At the close of the year, he returned to 
Kentucky, his expectation being (in addition to 
his collegiate work) to preach whenever opportu- 
nity might be ofiered. But he found Dr. Malcom 
just retiring from the college ; and at the close of 
yet another year such changes had occurred in the 
political world and in public sentiment as con- 
vinced him that he might anticipate a larger suc- 
cess in another latitude, and, as he hoped, exclu- 
sively in the pulpit. He returned to the North, 
and at once entered upon ministerial work as pas- 
tor of the church in Ashland, Mass. A year later, 
the impaired health of his wife, together with the 
advice of many brethren, induced him to accept 
the chair of Natural Philosophy, Astronomy, and 
Civil Engineering in Brown University. Two and 
a half years later, he accepted the pastorate of the 
Broad Street church, Philadelphia. This removal, 
however, came too late to prolong the life of his 
wife ; but it availed to return Mr. Day to his best 
loved work in the pulpit. Two years afterwards, 
the gravest indications of serious throat and lung 
difficulties compelled him, after five years of ser- 
vice, to retire from this greatly endeared pastorate, 
with but small hope of ever again preaching Jesus. 
After two years of rest and change, however, his 
health was so far restored that he ventured to re- 
turn to the pulpit; and in it was allowed to accom- 
plish what he has of late regarded as the main work 
of his life. The pastorate of the First Baptist church, 
Indianapolis (made vacant by the resignation of 
J. B. Simmons, D.D.), was strongly urged upon his 
acceptance, and, for the accomplishment, as he 
thought, of one specific work, was cordially ac- 
cepted. But, as years passed, the health of the 
pastor became confirmed ; and the work, which, ac- 
cording to his plan, was to have lasted for two or 
three years only, continued pleasantly to himself 
and profitably as it seemed to the church, until 
Mr. Day found himself by many years the senior 
pastor in the city (outside of the Romish Church). 
The church, which he had found destitute of a 
house and much depressed, became one of the 
strongest and most efficient in the Northwest, set- 
ting an example of intelligent enterprise and large 
benevolence. 

After fifteen years of uninterrupted work, with 
many tokens of divine as well as human favor, and 
especially many evidences of the sustaining power 
of the grace of God, he retired from the long pas- 
torate which he dearly loved, and which he had re- 
peatedly refused to exchange for others in distant 
States. In 1861 he received from Denison Uni- 
versity the degree of D.D. He still resides in In- 



DAY 



DAYTON 



dianapolis. In the city and in the State, and 
through the denomination at large, he enjoys the 
confidence and esteem due his transparent in- 
tegrity, his clear judgment, his unselfish devotion 
to the general good, and his elevated piety. 

Day, LarkinS., was born in Chesterfield, N. H., 
in December, 1831. Removing to Bromfield, 111., 
in 185:2, he was there converted and baptized ; but 
in 1854 his residence having been changed to Peoria, 
he became a member of the First church there. 
Rev. H. G. Weston being the pastor. Although 
as a member of the firm of Day Brothers he has 
found the claims of business pi-essing, he has 
always found time to give needed attention to 
higher concerns. As a friend and leader of the 
young people in the church, as a fi'ee and cheerful 
participant in prayer and social meetings, as an 
occasional occupant of the pulpit, as a lay preacher, 
and as an ardent friend of the temperance cause, 
alike in private and in official positions, Larkin B. 
Day is held in high appreciation by the citizens of 
Peoria and throughout the State. He is at present 
(1880) a member of the city council. 

Day, Rev. Samuel Stearns, was born in Leeds 

County, Upper Canada, in 1808. He became a 
student in the Hamilton Literary and Theological 
Institution in 1831. He shortened his term of 
study in order to accept an appointment as a mis- 
sionary, was ordained at Cortland, N. Y., Aug. 3, 
1835, and on the 20th of the next month sailed 
from Boston to Calcutta, arriving there in Febru- 
ary, 1836. He spent one year at Vizigapatam in 
the study of the language, and at the expiration of 
this period removed to Madras, in which place and 
its neighborhood he spent several years, doing faith- 
fully his missionary work. He took up his resi- 
dence in Nellore in 1840, spending five years of 
earnest labor, vv'hich was accompanied with a rich 
harvest. Under the exhausting labors of so many 
years his health failed, and he returned to this 
country to recruit his wasted energies. A little 
more than two years were spent at home, when, 
leaving wife and children, he returned to the field 
of his former toil, to work on for five years as a 
missionary of the cross among the Teloogoos. It 
is not for us to say how intimate may have been 
the connection between the seed-sowing of Mr. Day 
and his associates and the glorious ingathering, of 
which we have heard so much. The end of these 
five years of consecration to his great work found 
Mr. Day once more prostrated, and compelled him 
to leave the field now ripening for the harvest, 
and seek in this country if possible, once more, res- 
toration to health. What he sought he did not find. 
Several months were passed not so much doing as 
suffering the will of God. Death at last came to 
his relief, and he departed this life in 1871. 

As one of the founders of the Teloo2;oo mission 



Mr. Day will always fill a conspicuous place in the 
history of Baptist missions. His field was a large 
one. The Teloogoos number more than 14,000,000 
of people, occupying a territory extending about 
600 miles upon the sea-coast, and 400 miles into 
the interior of Hindostan. To carry on missionary 
work alone among a strange people, subjected to 
the caste system in all its iron rigidity, with but 
little to encourage them from the sympathy of fel- 
low-laborers, Mr. and Mrs. Day worked for years. 
They laid foundations upon which others have 
erected the structure which now is so rapidly going 
up. It has justly been said of him that "as an 
example of consecration, giving himself and all 
that he had to the mission ; of strong faith, waver- 
ing not in purpose, nor ceasing in effort when other 
and strong hearts failed and strong hands were 
turned to other fields, his name justly deserves an 
honorable place in the list of missionary heroes." 

Dayton, Rev, A. C, M.D., M-as born at Plain- 
field, N. J., near New York City, Sept. 4, 1813. 
When twelve years old he united with the Presby- 
terian church. At sixteen, on account of weakness 
of the eyes, he was obliged to leave the village 
school, which up to this time he had regularly at- 
tended. Afterwards he taught school, and continued 
in this occupation for a year. He determined to 
become a physician, and although he continued to 
teach at intervals, it was a long time before he could 
read the amount that was necessary, his sight 
being poor. He, however, employed a boy to read 
to him, and by continual effort acquired the habit 
of remembering everything he heard or read, so 
that he improved very rapidly. Slowly he thus 
worked his way through the Medical College of 
New York City, and received his diploma in 1834, 
in the twenty-second year of his age. He began 
at once the practice of medicine, but soon found 
the duties too great for his feeble health, and so 
the profession was relinquished. He then went 
South, seeking for a more congenial climate, and 
for a while was engaged in lecturing on phrenology 
and temperance ; and, stopping in the town of 
Shelbyville, Tenn., he formed an acquaintance with 
Miss Lucie Harrison, which resulted in their mar- 
riage. Mr. Dayton not long after set out for 
Florida, hoping that its balmy air would restore 
his already diseased lungs. After a residence in 
that State of aboiit three years, he removed to 
Columbus, Miss., and from it to Vicksburg. About 
this time he became dissatisfied with his church re- 
lations, and in 1852, after years of careful and 
prayerful investigation, he became a Baptist. In 
September, 1852, on the next Sabbath after his 
baptism, he preached his first sermon. His theme 
was, "The love of God," and it was his last as 
well as his first sermon. It was delivered M'ith 
great unction and power. Afterwards he accepted 



DEACONS 



320 



DEAN 



the agency of the Bible Board of the Southern 
Baptist Convention, then located at Nashville, 
Tenn., and as corresponding secretary he soon be- 
came widely known throughout the South. In 
•July, 1855, he removed to Nashville, Tenn., where, 
in connection with his duties as secretary of the 
Bible Board, he became associate editor of the 
Tennessee Baptist, and the author of several books. 
The first, " Theodosia," a denominational work, 
was received with unusual favor and rapidly ran 
through several editions, whose popularity is now 
evinced by its being eagerly sought for on both 
sides of the Atlantic. This was followed by the 
"Infidel's Daughter," a work of great ability. 
Several other publications in the Sunday-school de- 
partment soon followed, all of which met with the 
most favorable reception everywhere. The war 
coming on, Dr. Dayton removed with his family to 
Perry, Ga., where he temporarily assumed the 
presidency of Houston Female College. He was 
also actively engaged with his pen as an editorial 
contributor of the Baptist Banner, then published 
at Atlanta, and in preparing a religious encyclo- 
paedia, which he designed to be the crowning work 
of his life. But consumption cut short his labors, 
and he died calmly, June 11, 1865, at his home in 
Perry, Ga. He was buried in the cemetery of that 
city, where his remains peacefully rest. His family 
reside in Shelbyville, Tenn. 

Deacons. — The word diakonos means an attend- 
ant, a servant, one who waits upon guests at a 
table. The first deacons were elected at Jerusalem 
by the church of that city at the request of the 
apostles, that they might minister to the necessities 
of the poor saints, or as Luke says, that they might 
" serve tables." In Acts vi. 1-6, there is an ac- 
count of the institution of this benevolent office. 
No doubt inspiration suggested it to '' the twelve" ; 
and §ver since in each true church on earth there 
has been a class of men whose special duty it is to 
provide for the wants of the popr of the body to 
which they belong, and to administer the funds 
obtained as they are needed. The Scriptural dea- 
con is not a preacher of the gospel in virtue of his 
deaconship ; he may preach occasionally, and so 
may a private member. 

Deacons, with the pastor, are often the disciplin- 
ary committee of the church ; they frequently give 
invaluable assistance to the minister, and from an 
extended experience with deacons, we are prepared 
to say that they render immense service to the 
churches. 

" Likewise," says Paul, " must the deacons be 
grave, not double-tongued, not given to much wine, 
not greedy of filthy lucre, holding the mystery of 
the faith in a pure conscience," etc. — 1 Tim. iii. 8, 
13. 

Sean, Hon. Senjamin W., was born in Grafton, 



Vt., in 1827. He united with the Baptist church in 
his native place when he was but eleven years of 
age. He graduated at Dartmouth College in the 
class of 1848, in which he took high rank as a 
scholar. The profession of law had special attrac- 
tions for him, and he pursued his legal studies at 
the law school in Ballston Spa, N. Y. Having 
practised law for a short time in Elmira, N. Y., he 
returned to Vermont, was appointed register of 
probate for the district of Westminster, and took 
up his residence in Bellows Falls for a time, and 
then returned to his native place, Grafton. He held 
several public positions, among them the ofiice of 
Secretary of State for four years. He was highly 
respected as a citizen and a Christian. His death 
occurred July 6, 1864. 

Dean, Rev. Myron M., was born in 1813 ; was 
a graduate of Middlebury College and the Newton 
Theological Institution. His first pastorate was 
with the Third Baptist church of Providence, R. I., 
where he enjoyed a revival of religion, the results 
of which were an addition to the church of more 
than one hundred converts. He remained in 
Providence three years, when he accepted a call to 
Marblehead, Mass., where he continued seven years. 
Trouble with his eyes obliged him to lay aside all 
ministerial work for a time. When his health was 
somewhat recovered, he accepted an appointment as 
agent of the Publication Society, and afterwards of 
the American and Foreign Bible Society. Hoping 
to be able to continue his ministerial work, he ac- 
cepted a call to the pastorate of the Warren, R. I., 
church. Again, and for the same reason, he was 
obliged to give up the ministry. The last years 
of his life were devoted to secular business. He died 
at Cambridge, Mass., March 30, 1861. 

Dean, William, D.D., was born in Morrisville, 
N. Y., June 21, 1807. He was a graduate of the 
Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution, and 
was ordained in his native town, Mon-isville, in 
June, 1834. He received an appointment to the 
foreign mission field, and sailed from Boston, 
July 3, 1834. His destination was Siam ; he was 
to be associated with Rev. J. T. Jones in Bang- 
kok, and to direct his special attention to the 
Chinese in that city. He had so far learned the 
dialect — the Tie Chin — that he was able to preach 
in Chinese the last Sabbath in August, 1835, to a 
congregation of 30 persons. Dr. Dean had the 
usual experiences of missionary life for several 
years. The Word was preached; converts made 
from time to time; labor interrupted occasionally 
by sickness, and then resumed after a time: and 
thus the Chinese department of the Siam mission 
could show signs of progress from year to year. In 
1842, ill health compelled him to retire from the 
field for a season. When he resumed missionary 
work, with special reference to teaching the 



DEANE 



BEANE 



Chinese, he coinruenced his labors in IIon<;-Kong, in 
October, 1842. In the spring of 1845 he returned to 
the United States, after an absence of eleven years. 
Having spent a year in tliis country, he resumed 
his work in IIong-Kong in the fall of 1S47, and re- 
Diained abroad until 1854, when he again visited 
America, remaining here until 1865, when he once 
more took up the work in Bangkok. At the end 
of his first year's work he writes, '• I expect not 
to be happier in the present world than I have been 
during the present year.'' Ilis labors had been 
nobly blessed, and have continued to be up to the 
present time. His record, up to the report of 
1876, was six Ciiinese churches gathered, the 
superintendence of the building of four Chinese 
chapels, the ordination of three Chinese pastors, 
and the training of two others, and the baptism of 
339 Chinese disciples, twelve of whom became 
preachers of the gospel. In April, 1876, Dr. Dean 
left Bangkok and again visited his native land, and 
spent six months in it, embarking at San Francisco 
the following November for his home in Siam. 
Forty-four years ago he consecrated himself to his 
■work. No missionary has more thoroughly won 
the respect and affection of his brethren than the 
now venerable and Ijeloved missionary of Bangkok, 
whom God has so honored as a faithful ambassador 
of the Lord Jesus Christ. 

Deane, John H., Esq^., ■"'as born in Canada ; 
removed to the United States at an early age ; pre- 
pared for college in the Brockport Collegiate In- 
stitute, N. Y., and commenced his course in the Uni- 
versity of Rochester. In 1862, the civil war having 
commenced, he enlisted as a private in the 140th 
Regiment N. Y. Vols. During the battle of 
Gettysburg he was captured, and after heroically 
enduring the hardships of prison life, he was ex- 
changed. He then entered the navy, and faith- 
fully served his country till the close of the war. 
After the required course of study was completed 
he was admitted to the bar, and choosing the 
real estate branch of the profession, he has pur- 
sued it with great success. For several years he 
has been an active member of the Calvary Bap- 
tist church of New York, and a member of its 
board of trustees. He is one of the most generous 
supporters of the church and the benevolent insti- 
tutionsoftheBaptists. He has contributed SlOO,000 
for the endowment of Rochester University, and 
$25,000 for the endowment of the Rochester Theo- 
logical Seminary. He has given largely for the 
New York Baptist Home, for home and foreign 
missions, and for the work of church extension, 
especially in the city of New York. He is too 
modest to publish his gifts ; and he has undoubtedly 
made large donations unknown to the public. 

Deane, Richard, Major-General, and Gen- 
eral at Sea. was born at Guyting Poher, England, 



in 1610. He had charge of the artillery at the 
battle of Naseby, and gave much help in securing 
the great victory achieved over Charles I. at that 
place. He was so completely in the confidence of 
Cromwell that he was taken by him to a celebrated 
private meeting composed of a limited number of 
chosen friends to discuss " The Settlement of the 
Kingdom." He was a member of " The High 
Court of Justice'' that tried and condemned King 
Charles. A month after the death of the king, 
Deane was appointed one of the "Generals at 
Sea." The two others were Edward Popham and 
the brave Robert Blake. Gen. Deane contributed 
largely to the crushing victory of Worcester, where 
he held the rank of major-general and commanded 
a division. Soon after this battle he and Gen. 
Lambert were appointed to the civil and military 
government of Scotland, and on the retirement of 
Lambert he was elevated to the supreme command 
of Scotland by land and sen. The general was 
killed in the naval battle off North Foreland, June 
2, 1653. 

Ilis enemies admitted his great courage, and 
while his friends rejoiced in his bravery, they 
gloried in " his deep-rooted piety," The periodical 
literature of the day described him as " a valiant 
and godly gentleman." 

A descendant of the " General at Sea," a London 
Episcopal clergyman, published in 1870 " The Life 
of Richard Deane," etc., in which he thrice ex- 
presses the conviction that he was a Baptist.* He 
quotes one of the lampoons of the Royalists of 
1649, written on the occasion of his appointment 
as a general at sea, in which the sailors are recom- 
mended to " neiD dip Deane'' by throwing him over- 
board. This, as the Rev. John Batliurst Deane 
rightly judges, had reference to the general's im- 
mersion as a Baptist. 

He held our doctrine of soul liberty as no one in 
that day but a decided Baptist grasped it. His 
form of expressing liberty of conscience was strik- 
ing, — "Neither to compel, nor io he comjielled in 
matters of conscience.'' j 

Gen. Deane had a public funeral in AVestminster 
Abbey. " The hearse was received at the west 
door of the Abbey by the great officers of state, 
and the coffin was borne by a select party of sol- 
diers to Henry the Seventh's chapel, and deposited 
in one of the royal vaults."* The general-admiral 
was the first and the last Baptist in England who 
slept, even for a few years, in a royal vault. But 
he gave the memorable chapel a holier consecration 
than any regal slumberer within its walls. Oliver 
Cromwell, the greatest king, with or without a 



* The Life of Richard Deane, 
t Idem, p. 536. 
% Idem, p. G7G. 



:., pp. 24«, 2S9, 536. 



DEARBORN 



DECKMANN 



crown or a sovereign title, that ever wielded the 
destinies of Britain, was at the funeral. 

Dearborn, 0. J. — A native of Tioga Co., N. Y., 
where he was born Aug. 21, 1823. When about 
twelve years of age he was hopefully converted. 
He cointnenced a course of study at the Literary 
and Theological Institute at Hamilton, N. Y., 
having the work of the ministry in view. Owing 



in "Wisconsin than Mr. Dearborn. He died June 
6, 1872, in the city of his adoption, aged forty-eight. 
De Blois, E,ev. Stephen W., A.M., was born 
in 1827, in Halifax, Nova Scotia; graduated from 
Acadia College in June, 1846 ; studied theology at 
Newton ; was ordained pastor at Chester, Nova 
Scotia, Feb. 26, 1854. He became, in 1855, pastor 
of the First Horton church, the pioneer church of 




to the failure of his health he abandoned his pur- 
pose to enter the ministry, and turned his attention 
to business. He came to Janesville, Wis., in 1847. 
The Baptist church being without a pastor, in July, 
1849, Mr. Dearborn, at the earnest solicitation of 
the church, consented occasionally to supply the 
pulpit. In February, 1850, he gave up his business 
and devoted himself to preaching the gospel. The 
church very soon called him to the pastorate. He 
was ordained in December, 1850. He held this 
position until May, 1854, when he retired from the 
pulpit. For nearly twenty-five years he was iden- 
tified with the Baptist church in Janesville. He 
was its senior deacon, chairman of its board of 
trustees, its Sabbath-school superintendent. He 
gave time and consecrated his powers to thewelfxre 
of that church with rare devotion and self-denial. 
He was connected with all the denominational 
movements in the State, and no layman contributed 
more of time and wise counsel and performed more 
hard work in the establishment of Baptist interests 



D GE^ERiI 



the Maritime Provinces, and he has the distin- 
guished honor of being the third pastor of that com- 
munity since its organization in October, 1778. 
He has occupied this field of usefulness for twenty- 
five years. Mr. De Blois is a governor of Acadia 
College, and the worthy secretary of its board. 

Deckmann, Rev. E. I., a useful and esteemed 
German Baptist pastor, was born in July, 1832, in 
Copenhagen, capital of Denmark. Mr. Deckmann 
received his early training in the German city of 
Schleswig, where his father subsequently resided 
as an officer of the crown. In 1853, as a youth of 
twenty-one years, he emigrated to America, and 
was converted and baptized at Piqua, Miami Co., 
0., under the labors of Rev. I. W. Osborn, be- 
coming a member of the Calvary Baptist church at 
Piqua. From 1853 to 1862 he studied at Denison 
University, Granville, 0. ; from 1862 to the dose 
of the war he served as a volunteer in the U. S. 
army. From 1865 to 1866 he studied in the Ger- 
man department of Rochester Theological Semi- 



DE LANEY 



DE LANEY 



nary. Since that time he has labored successfully 
as missionary and pastor with the German churches 
of Davenport, Iowa, Pittsburgh, Pa., New Haven, 
Conn., and Baltimore, Md., where he is at present. 
Mr. Deckmann is a member of the German Mis- 
sionary Committee of the Eastern Conference, is 
energetic and laborious, exerts a good influence in 
the churches, and enjoys general esteem. He has 
frequently presided as moderator over the annual 
meetings of the Eastern German Baptist Confer- 
ence. 

De Laney, E.ev. James, one of the best-known 

ministers in Wisconsin, was born in Ballymore, 
County of Galway, Ireland, in February, 1804. 
Here and at Castlereagh he passed his early child- 
hood and youth. His parents were Catholics and 
of Celtic blood. In the faith of this church he 
was educated with the most painstaking care. Re- 
lations on his father's side were Roman Catholic 
priests. x\. brother ministers at a Catholic altar, 
and he himself was designed by a devoted mother 
for the same ofiiee, but being left fatherless and 
motherless while quite young, that hope sank with 
his mother into the grave. At the age of twenty- 
one he left his native land forever, and went to the 
city of London to seek a livelihood. After much 
hardship and many disappointments, and a sore 
struggle with poverty, in a moment of desperation 
he enlisted in the English army. His destination 
was Madras, one of the principal points occupied 
by the East India Company, which he reached with 
224 comrades in Januarj^, 1827. These early steps 
in his life are only links in a wonderful chain of 
providences. Long and rigid discipline had made 
him an expert as an artillerist, and in 1830 he was 
detailed, with the corps with which he was con- 
nected, on special artillery service to Maulmain, in 
Burmah. This brought him under the influence 
and preaching of tiie American missionaries Jud- 
son and Kincaid, then located at Maulmain. In 
Mr. De Laney's early life, after the death of his 
mother, he enjoyed for a time the society and in- 
struction of some devout Catholics, — mostly women 
connected with an orphanage. These teachings he 
regarded as of the highest value, and although his 
mind was dark as midnight on all the vital doc- 
trines of God's Word, and especially on his plan to 
save sinners through the death of Christ, these 
early lessons in regard to his relations to his Maker 
and his law, his own depravity and corrupt nature, 
had much to do in restraining him from open 
vice, and prepared the way for his receiving the 
gospel. The earnest preaching of Mr. Kincaid 
at once found its way to his heart. After some 
weeks of most pungent conviction for sin, he ob- 
tained a joyful hope in Christ, and was baptized 
by Mr. Kincaid, March 23, 1831, in the Saluen 
River, about twenty-five miles from the " Hopia 



Tree." Subsequently, in conversation with Dr. 
Judson, he spoke to him of the work of the Chris- 
tian ministry : pointed out to him the broad valley 
of the Mississippi in his own land, and its great 
need of home mission labor, and urged upon him 
the work of preparation. He at once, through the 
influence of the American missionaries, secured his 
release from the English army and came to America. 
He entered Hamilton Literary and Theological In- 
stitution, and took the usual ministerial course pro- 
vided at that early day. Upon leaving the institution 
at Hamilton he was called to the pastorate of the 
Baptist church in Broadalbin, N. Y., where he was 
ordained Jan. 10, 1838, and married to Tirzah A. 
Piatt, April 2, 1839. In 1839 he was called to the 
pastorate of the Baptist church at Ticonderoga, 
N. Y. After serving the churches as pastor at 
Granville and Kingsbury, N. Y., he came to Wis- 
consin in 1844, and settled with the Baptist church 
at East Troy. Here he remained seven years, 
gathering one of the largest and most useful 
churches in the Territory. He was pastor at Hor- 
icon, Sparta, Port Washington, anU Whitewater, 
Wis. For six years he was exploring missionary 
of the American Baptist Home Mission Society in 
the State at large. He was the general missionary 
of the Wisconsin Baptist State Convention for three 
years. In addition to these labors, Mr. De Laney 
supplied the vacant pulpits of a score or more of 
feeble Baptist churches, and in the early history of 
the State made frequent tours of exploration to 
visit the outposts and frontiers to find and feed the 
scattered flock of God. Many of these tours made 
along the Wisconsin and Mississippi are as full of 
wild adventure, thrilling incident, and heroic en- 
durance as those made hj his revered friend and 
father, Kincaid, along the Irrawaddy and the 
Saluen. Mr. De Laney's name stands connected 
with almost every institution bearing the Baptist 
name in the State. He was one of the founders of 
the State Convention, he took an active part in 
establishing Wayland Academy, and he was prom- 
inent in forming nearly all the Associations in the 
State. During the war Mr. De Laney was chaplain 
of the 18th Regiment of Wis. Vols. He was present 
with his regiment at Pittsburg Landing. 

It is not possible to give the results of Mr. De 
Laney's labors, as he has not preserved all the facts 
of his long and useful services to the Master. Fre- 
quent revivals have blessed his ministry. Strong 
men in the pulpit, able professors in institutions of 
learning, and pillars in the churches East and West 
were led to Christ through his preaching. Mis- 
sionaries converted by his instrumentality have 
been sent back to Asia, wliere he himself found a 
Saviour. But chiefly in his missionary labors will 
Mr. De Laney be best known and longest remem- 
bered. 



DEL A UNE 



324 



DELAWARE 



Delaune, Thomas, was born at Brini, three 
miles from Riggsdale, Ireland. His parents were 
Roman Catholics. In his boyhood he showed re- 
markable talents, which led the landlord of his 
parents to send him to the friary at Kilcrash to be 
educated. He made the best of the advantages 
placed at his disposal in this institution, and left 
it with a superior knowledge of the Greek and 
Latin languages. His acquisitions he continually 
increased until he became a scholar in the tongues 
we have named, with few, if any, superiors, and 
not many equals. 

About sixteen he was converted through the 
instrumentality of Mr. Bampfield, but persecution 
drove him from Ireland to England. In London 
he commenced a school for teaching the higher 
branches of an English education and the Greek 
and Latin tongues. His efforts were attended by 
a goodly measure of success. He united with the 
Baptists, and became speedily one of the most 
valued men among our brethren in London. He 
rendered scholarly aid to the Rev. Benjamin Keach 
in preparing the most popular of his works for the 
press. But Mr. Delaune lived in an unfortunate 
time for a learned, able, and conscientious Baptist. 

In 168'5, Dr. Benjamin Calamy, rector of St. 
Laurence, Jewi-y, London, in a printed sermon, 
invited non-conformists to examine the ceremonies 
imposed by the Church of England, and enforced 
by penal laws ; and called upon them modestly to 
propo.^e their doubts, and meekly to hearken to 
and receive his instructions. The proposition was 
extremely •' modest," especially the last part of it. 
Mr. Delaune accepted the invitation, and gave to 
the nation his " Plea for the Nonconformists." He 
was speedily apprehended, and committed to Wood- 
street-Compter, where he had a bench for his bed 
and two bricks for his pillow. From it he was 
taken to Newgate, where he was thrust among ' 
felons whose dreadful words and acts continually 
reminded him of the abyss. 

In one of his letters to Dr. Calamy, written from 
the prison, he says, " There is nothing (in his book) 
against the king's majesty, nothing against the 
civil government, nothing against the peace of this 
monarchy, there asserted. The only dispute is 
about the original of rites and ceremonies, and 
some things, which, under a show of truths, though 
not righteously, are charged on doubting persons. 
What the court will do with me I know not. The 
will of the Supreme Father be done." The letter 
from which this is a quotation was written in 
Latin. In another letter he says to Calamy, "I 
had some thoughts that you would have performed 
the office of a divine (minister) in visiting me in 
my place of confinement, to argue me out of 
my doubts, which, your promised ' Scripture and 
reason,' not a Mittimus or Newgate, could easily 



do. To tlie former I can yield, to the latter it 
seems I must. Tliis is a severe kind of logic, and 
it will probably dispute me out of this world, as it 
did Mr. Bampfield and Mr. Ralphson lately, who 
were my dear and excellent companions in trouble" 
(in prison). 

Daniel De Foe says of Delaune's book, "'The 
Plea for Nonconformists' is perfect of itself. Never 
author left behind him a more finished piece. I 
believe the dispute is entirely ended. If any man 
ask what we can say why the Dissenters differ 
from the Church of England, and what they can 
plead for it, I can recommend no better reply than 
this. Let them answer, in short, Thomas Delaune-, 
and desire the querist to read the book." " They 
who affirm that the Dissenters were never perse- 
cuted in England for their religion (for their dis- 
loyalty, it was falsely said) will do well to tell us 
what name we shall give to this man of merit, 
than whom few greater scholars, clearer heads, or 
greater masters of argument, ever graced the Eng- 
lish nation. I am sorry to say he is one of nearly 
eight thousand Dissenters who perished in prison 
in the days of that merciful prince, Charles II." 
" The Plea for Nonconformists," in 1739, had 
passed through seventeen editions, without an 
answer, except the crushing and deadly reply 
given by Newgate jail. 

Iviniey says that Sir George Jeffreys was the 
judge before whom Delaune was tried, the judicial 
Nero whose " Bloody Assizes" will make his mem- 
ory infamous throughout all time. The sentence 
of the court required Delaune to pay a fine of one 
hundred marks, and to find reliable security for 
his good behavior for one year afterwards, and his 
book was to be burned with fire before the Royal 
Exchange irt London. He could not pay the fine, 
and he never left the prison alive. His wife and 
two children were compelled to live with him in 
the jail through the exhaustion of his means; and 
the hardships and the poisonous atmosphere of 
Newgate, which killed Delaune in fifteen months, 
sent them to the grave before him. 

Delavan. — This well-known village was founded 
in 1836 by two Baptist brothers, — Henry and 
Samuel Phoenix, of Perry, N. Y. Nearly all the 
early settlers were Baptists. The Baptist church, 
now the largest in the State, was founded in 1838. 
It is the mother of four other churches in the im- 
mediate vicinity. It has received into its fellow- 
ship in its forty years' history 1141 members, — 611 
by baptism. Its present membership is 425, and 
its present pastor. Rev. D. E. Halteman, has been 
settled eleven years. 

Delaware, Baptists of.— The churches of this 
State may be divided into the early and later, or 
anti-mission and mission. The Welsh Tract church 
was the first in the colony. It was formed in 



DEL A WARE 



DELKE 



Wales, and settled in Delaware in 1703. Their 
principles soon spread. In 177S, Rev. Elijah 
Baker, and in 1779, Rev. Philip Iluirhes, came 
from Virginia, preaching together the Word. There 
was a great quickening among the Baptists, and 
many were converted and baptized, and several 
churches were constituted. In this work these 
ministers received the hearty co-operation of the 
Baptist pastors and churches. 

The first Baptist church in Wilmington was 
formed mainly through the efforts of Thomas 
Ainger, a Presbyterian, from Philadelphia, who 
became eventually a Baptist, and the pastor of the 
church. His wife was a Baptist. He maintained 
family worship, and Messrs. Fleeson and Boggs, 
Baptist ministers, preached by his invitation in his 
house. Rev. Philip Hughes preached in the town 
school-house and in the Presbyterian church. Sev- 
eral were baptized, and finally sixteen were con- 
stituted into a church. Their meeting-house still 
stands on King Street. The following is a list of 
the early churches, with the date of organization : 
Welsh Tract, New Castle County, 1701 ; Sounds, 
Sussex County, 1779 ; Broadcreek, Sussex County, 
1781; Mount Moriah, Kent County, 1781; Bryn- 
zion, Kent County, 1781 ; Mispillion, Kent County, 
1783 ; Gravelleybranch, Sussex County, 1785 ; 
First Wilmington, 1785 ; Bethel, ' New Castle 
Count}', 1786. Bethel, in Sussex County, Little- 
creek, and Millsborougli were of more recent date, 
'and, with the Sounds and Broadcreek churches, 
Ijelonged to the Salisbury Association, which was 
formed in 1782, composed mostly of churches 
in Maryland, and has since become anti-mission. 
The other churches were at first connected with 
the Philadelphia Association, but withdrew, with 
good feeling on both sides, to form the DelaAvare 
Association, which was organized in 1795. It 
was soon joined by several churches in Pennsyl- 
vania. Since 1856 it has taken the name of the 
Dehuvare OW-iScAooZ Baptist Association. In 1801 
it was composed of 5 churches, with 293 members ; 
in 1825, of 9 churches, with 595 members ; and in 
1879, of 7 churches, with 197 members. Of the 
churches in this State belonging to the Delaware 
and the Salisbury Associations, six remain, ^yith a 
total membership of 200. The Sounds, Mispillion, 
Gravelleybranch, Bethel, in New Castle County; 
Bethel, in Sussex County ; and the Millsborough 
churches have ceased to exist. The minutes of 
the Delaware Association show that at one time 
both missions and missionary societies were ap- 
proved of by that body. The Baptist Publication 
(then Tract) and the Home and Foreign Mission 
Societies and their work met with favor in the 
churches. It was not until after 1830 that a 
change took place in the Delaware Association 
and in the churches connected with it. They be- 



came anti-mission and anti-effort, which change 
led to the formation of the Second church, Wil- 
mington, upon an avowed missionary basis. 
Among the many Baptist ministers of this period 
who were born, or converted, or ordained, or cm- 
ployed in the State were Rev. Enoch Jlorgan, Rev. 
•John Davis, Rev. Jenkin Jones, Rev. David Jones, 
A.M., Rev. Abel Morgan, A.M., Rev. Morgan 
Edwards, A.M., Rev. Thomas J. Kitts, Rev. Joseph 
11. Kennard, D.D., and Rev. Daniel Dodge. The 
following is a list of the later churches, with the 
date of organization : Second, Wilmington, 1835; 
Dover, 1852; German, Wilmington, 1856; Dela- 
ware Avenue, Wilmington, 1865 ; Plymouth, 1867 ; 
Lincoln, 1869 ; Zion, Vernon, 1871 ; Wyoming, 
1872; Magnolia, 1873; Milford. 1873; Elm Street, 
AVilmington, 1873; Shiloh (African) Wilmington, 
1876 ; New Castle, 1876 ; Bethany, 1878. The 
old First was resuscitated for a while, but it and the 
Elm Street disbanded to form the Bethany and 
occupy the Elm Street chapel. A few old mem- 
bers hold on at King Street. The Lincoln church 
disbanded to form the Milford, and the Plymouth 
to form the Magnolia. In 1869 the AVyoming In- 
stitute was purchased (see article). A Baptist 
City Mission was formed in 1870 among the Wil- 
mington churches, which bought a lot, built 
thereon the Elm Street chapel, which property 
they deeded to the Bethany churcli. In 1878 the 
Delaware Baptist Union was formed in the Second 
church, Wilmington. It is composed of eight 
churches in Delaware Co., Pa., and eleven in Dela- 
ware State. The objects of the ''Union" are the 
promotion of fraternity among the churches com- 
posing it and the evangelization of the field. The 
Baptist churches not only of Delaware (except the 
Old School), l)ut also those of the "Union," are 
connected witli the Philadelphia Association. 

The number of missionary Baptist churches in 
the State is 11, with a membership of 1924, and 
2183 teachers and scholars in. 14 Sabbath-schools. 
The benevolent contributions of the churches for 
1879, for work at home and abroad, amounted to 
over S20.000. 

Delke, James A., LL.D. — Prof. Delke was bom 
in Sussex Co., Va.. in 1821 ; was educated at Wnke 
Forest and Chapel Hill, having graduated at tlie 
latter college in 1841 ; has taught in Virginia, 
Tennessee, and North Carolina, and for fifteen 
years has been Professor of Mathematics, Natural 
Science, and Belles-Letters at Murfreesborough 
Institute. N. C. 

Prof. Delke received the degree of A.M. from 
Madison University, N. Y., and that of LL.D. 
from Southwestern University, Jackson, Tenn. 
lie regards it as the chief boon of his life that he 
has always taken a lively interest in Sabbath- 
schools. 



DELL 



BENISON 



Dell, Rev. William, A.M., was educated at the 
University of Cambridge, England, and after re- 
ceiving Episcopal ordination he became a clergyman 
of the Established Church. In the great awaken- 
ing in England in the seventeenth century he 
adopted our views on the mode and subjects of bap- 
tism, and on the non-coercive authority of a gospel 
church. 

He denounced all compulsion in matters of re- 
ligion, and wrote a book against uniformity in re- 
ligion secured by the persuasive force of legal 
enactments. This work stirred up the unhallowed 
wrath of the English Presbyterians, who were 
straining their powers to the utmost to make their 
church sole mistress of the consciences of her foes. 

In 1645 he was appointed a chaplain in the army ; 
in this position he attended constantly on Sir 
Thomas Fairfax, and preached at headquarters, 
where he exerted a powerful influence with leading 
men against Presbyterian legal intolerance, and in 
favor of religious liberty. Richard Baxter became 
a chaplain in the army to counteract the teachings 
of Mr. Dell and others, and he tried to induce some 
of his Presbyterian brethren to follow his example. 
Various efforts were employed to injure the char- 
acter of Mr. Dell, by which he was subjected to 
much annoyance, but they were all failures. 

On Nov. 25, 1646, he was appointed to preach 
before the House of Commons on the occasion of a 
public fast. His subject was Reformation, and in 
treating this popular topic he showed the folly and 
wickedness of trying to secure it by persecution. 
To many of his hearers this was extremely offen- 
sive, as the preacher well knew, but his con- 
science compelled him to tell these legislators 
some wholesome truths. The Rev. Mr. Love, 
a Presbyterian minister, was one of his hearers 
in the morning, and the preacher before the 
same body in the afternoon. Instead of deliver- 
ing the sermon he had preparctl for the occasion, 
he felt compelled to try and remove the deep 
impression left by the sermon of Mr. Dell. With 
much warmth and " many unhandsome reflections" 
he justified the punishment of heretics, and the 
authority of government to impose articles of faith 
and forms of worship. The two discourses created 
a sensation. 

Mr. Dell was endowed with great mental powers, 
and he was possessed of extensive learning. In 
1649 he was made master of Caius College, Cam- 
bridge, one of the numerous colleges constituting 
the University of Cambridge. lie lost the rectory 
of Yeldon and the presidency of Cains College 
through his fidelity to Baptist principles by the 
Act of Uniformity in 1662. He was the author of 
several publications, a selection from wliich was 
issued in a handsome octavo volume in 1773. 

De Mill, Rev. Elisha Budd, was born in St. 



John, New Brunswick, April 7, 1829. His college 
studies were pursued in part at Acadia College, 
Nova Scotia, and in part at Brown University. 
Two years were spent by him — 1851-53 — at the 
Newton Theological Institution. He was ordained 
as a minister of the gospel July 1, 1853, and be- 
came pastor of the Baptist church at Amherst, 
Nova Scotia. Here he remained not far from four 
years, — 1853-57. On resigning his pastorate in 
Amherst he returned to his native city, and was 
city missionary for two years, — 1857-59. Closing 
his connection with the society in whose service he 
had been during this period, he accepted a call 
to become the pastor of the Leinster Street Baptist 
church in St. John. This position he held during 
the remainder of his life. In connection with his 
ministerial duties he also discharged those of editor 
of the Christian Watchman, a religious paper, pub- 
lished at St. Jolva. Mr. De Mill received the d(>gree 
of M.A. from Acadia College in 1849, and from 
Brown University in 1853. He died at St. John, 
New Brunswick, in 1863. He was a preacher of 
ability, and a Christian without blame. 

De Mill, Nathan S., an enterpi-ising merchant 
of St. John, New Brunswick ; he was baptized and 
joined Germain Street Baptist church in that city 
about 1842 ; was deacon of Brussels Street church 
and subsequently also of Leinster Street church ; 
was a liberal friend of Acadia College, and a strong 
supporter of temperance and prohibition, and pos- 
sessed sterling integrity. Died Dee. 26, 1864, aged 
sixty years. 

Denison, Rev. Albert Edgar, son of William 

and Betsey Denison, was born in Saybrook, Conn., ' 
Sept. 12, 1812; his maternal grandfather was Rev. 
Eliphalet Lester, pastor of First Baptist church in 
Saybrook ; was converted at the age of fifteen; 
baptized by Rev. Russell Jennings; united with 
First Baptist church of Saybrook (now AVinthrop) ; 
studied at Connecticut Literary Institution, Suf- 
field ; graduated from Brown University in 1842; 
taught school in Chester, Conn., and preached in 
Saybrook (now Winthrop) ; ordained in his native 
town in 1843. and remained one year ; in 1844 set- 
tled with the Baptist church in Wallingford, Conn., 
and labored successfully for seven years; in 1851 
settled with the Baptist church in Clinton, Conn., 
and continued pastor with happy results for fifteen 
years ; became for nearly three years agent for the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society ; preached 
nearly three years for the Baptist church in Lyme ; 
in 1871 settled with the Baptist church in Plain- 
ville, Conn., and remained until health failed in 
1878; still resides there; renders occasional ser- 
vices to weak churches ; has had a prosperous min- 
istry : devout, scholarly, faithful, honored; very 
active in educational interests and all true reforms; 
served on school boards from 1844 to 1877. 



DENISON 



DENIS ON 



Denison, Rev. Erastus, son of Fi-ederick and 
Hannah (Fish) Denison, was born in Stonington, 
Conn., Dec. 22, 1791; baptized by Rev. John G. 
Wightman in 1814; began preaching in 1824; 
ordained by First Baptist church in Groton in 
1826 ; labored as an evangelist; settled with Third 
Baptist church in Groton in 1831, and remained 
fifteen years ; subsequent settlements and engage- 
ments : in Waterford four years ; in North Lyme 
one year; in North Stonington three years; at 
East Marion, Long Island ; on Martha's Vineyard ; 
Charlestown and Ilopkinton, R. I. ; Montville, New 
London, East Lyme, and Stonington; preached 
3878 sermons, 'baptized 311 persons. He was a 
pure man, devoted to the Master's work; died in 
Groton, Sept. 20, 1866, in his seventy-fifth year. 

Denison, Rev. Frederic, son of Isaac and Levina 
(Fish) Denison, was born in Stonington, Conn., 




REV. FREDERIC DENISON. 

Sept. 28, 1819 ; studied in Bacon Academy and the 
Connecticut Literary Institution; graduated at 
Blown University in 1847 ; in the same year settled 
■with First Baptist church in Westerly, R. I., and 
was ordained ; served that church, in two pasto- 
rates, for fifteen years ; settled with Central Baptist 
church in Norwich, Conn., and remained five years ; 
settled with Central Falls Baptist church in Rhode 
Island; served as chaplain in the army for three 
years, with 1st R. I. Cavalry and 3d R. I. Heavy Artil- 
lery ; settled again in Westerly, then in New Haven, 
Conn., then in Woonsocket, R. I., and lastly in 
Providence, R. I. ; baptized over four hundred per- 
sons ; favored with special revivals ; author of the 



following bound volumes: "The Supper Institu- 
tion," " The Sabbath Institution," " The Baptists 
and their Principles in Norwich, Connecticut," 
" The Evangelist, or Life and Labors of Rev. 
Jabez S. Swan," "History of the First Rhode 
Island Cavalry," " Westerly and its AVitnesscs 
for Two Hundred and Fifty Years," " Picturesque 
Narragansett, Sea and Shore," " Illustrated New 
Bedford, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket," 
" History of the Third Rhode Island Heavy Artil- 
lery Regiment," "Picturesque Rhode Island," also 
of sermons and addresses ; and of poems and articles 
numberless in secular and religious periodicals; a 
corresponding member of Rhode Island Historical 
Society, and Wisconsin Historical Society ; member 
of Soldiers' and Sailors' Historical Societ}' of Rhode 
Island ; the first Baptist Historical Registrar of 
Rhode Island. 

Denison, Deacon John Ledyard, A.M., son of 
Isaac and Levina (Fish) Denison, was born in Ston- 
ington, Conn., Sept. 19, 1826; studied at Connec- 
ticut Literary Institution and Worcester Academy; 
united with Third Baptist church in Groton, Conn., 
in 1839 ; became a successful teacher ; established 
tiie Mystic River Academy ; settled in Norwich, 
Conn., in 1855; received the degree of Master of 
Arts from Brown University in 1855 ; published 
" Pictorial History of the Wars of the United 
States," edited "Illustrated New World," in Ger- 
man, " Illustrated History of the New World," in 
English, and minor works ; secretary and treas- 
urer of the Henry Bill Publishing Company ; su- 
perintendent of Central Baptist Sunday-school for 
about twenty-five years ; very active with voice and 
pen in the religious affairs of the State, and in tem- 
perance reform ; president of Connecticut Baptist 
Education Society, and a useful lay preacher. 

Denison University is situated in the town of 
Granville, Licking Co., 0., and was established by 
vote of the Ohio Baptist Education Society, May, 
1831. Intended originally as a manual-labor 
school, it was at first located on a farm near Gran- 
ville, and incorporated in 1832, under the name of 
Granville Literary and Theological Institution. 
This name was changed in 1845 to Granville Col- 
lege, and the manual-labor feature set aside. In 
1856 it was removed from the farm to a beautiful 
hill site overlooking the town, and the name again 
changed to Denison University, in honor of one 
of its benefactors. 

The first president was Prof. John Pratt, who 
took charge of the institution in 1831, and laid well 
the foundations of its success. He was succeeded, 
in 1837, by Rev. Jonathan Going, D.D. ; in 1847, 
by Rev. Silas Bailey, D.D. ; in 1853, by Rev. Jere- 
miah Hall, D.D. ; in 1863, by Rev. Samson Talbot, 
D.D. : in 1874, by Rev. E. Benjamin Andrews ; and 
in 1879, by Rev. A. Owen, D.D. The property of 



DENISON 



328 



DENK 



the university consists of a campus of twenty-four 
acres, nearly half of which is covered with a grove 
of forest-trees. The buildings are capable of ac- 
commodating 180 students, and are well provided 
with dormitories, study rooms, society halls, etc. 
Within the past two years a fine library building, 
called Doane Hall, after its donor, W. H. Doane, 
of Cincinnati, has been erected. The library num- 
hers r2,000 volumes. The property, with its build- 
ings and their contents, is estimated to be worth 
$105,000, and the productive endowment is $191,- 
775, making a total of $296,775. 



finally settled with the First Baptist church in 
Waterford ; active, energetic, strong in faith, wise 
in council, beloved by all ; one to whom Connecti- 
cut is under large obligntions ; died in Waterfurd, 
Oct. 26, 1S77, aged seventy-one years ; buried in 
Winthrop. 

Denk, Hans, was a mystical Anabaptist who 
occupied an influential place among the Reformers 
of the sixteenth century. We first find hiiii a young 
master of arts in Basle in 1522, and an intimate 
friend of the celebrated CEcolampadius. In 1523 
he moved to Nuremberg and became rector of a 




DENISON UNIVERSITY, GRAXVILLE, OHIO. 



The faculty of Denison consists of a president 
and nine professors. There is a regular classical 
course of study running through four years. There 
is also a scientific course, omitting the Greek and 
Latin languages, and a preparatory course of two 
years. The college has a high reputation. There 
are usually from 150 to 200 students in attendance 
in all the departments. 

Denison, Rev. William, son of William and 
Betsey (Lester) Denison, was born in Saybrook, 
Conn., in June, 1806 ; converted when about twenty 
years of age; united with First Baptist church in 
Saybrook, March 25, 1827, being baptized by Rev. 
Joseph Glazier; licensed Dec. 20, 1828; preached 
a (ew years in ILiddam ; pastor for many years of 
the Baptist church in Easton ; was appointed a State 
missionary in connection with Rev. N. E. Shailer, 
and nol)ly served for many years ; assisted in im- 
proving meeting-houses; in Winthrop, where he 
resided, he established an institute for young ladies ; 
meanwhile he supplied the First Baptist church ; 



school, where he met Mlinzer and Haetzer and 
adopted mystical and Anabaptist views. Driven 
from Nuremberg he went first to St. Gall, and 
afterwards to Augsburg, where by unceasing but 
cautious activity he contributed largely to make it 
a stronghold of Anabaptism. The publication of 
his book on " The Law of God'' led to his expul- 
sion in 1526. He next went to Strasburg, -where 
he and Haetzer undertook the translation of the 
Hebrew Bible. Their version of the prophets Avas 
highly meritorious. 

Driven from Strasburg, Denk labored in various 
places until 1527, when he died of the pest at 
Basle, in the house of his old friend, Olcolampadius. 
In the preface of his book already mentioned lie 
says, "Whoever wishes to be of Christ must walk 
in the way that Christ has trodden, thus will he 
come to the habitation of God ; he who does not 
walk in this way will err to all eternity." This 
sentiment is tlie cardinal doctrine which governs 
Baptists in regard to their prnctice everywhere. 



LENNE 



DENNE 



and which controlled them during their whole his- 
tory. 

In " An Exposition of Some Points of Belief," 
which he wrote, he says, " It grieves me to the 
heart that I must stand in lack of unity with many 
whom I cannot consider as other than my brethren, 
for they pray to the God to whom I offer supplica- 
tion ; they honor the Father whom I honor: the 
Father who has sent his Son into the world as a 
Saviour. Therefore, if God will, I will not make 
of my brother an adversary, and of my Father a 
judge, but I will reconcile myself with all my ad- 
versaries while I am in the way with them. Here- 
upon I beg them for God's sake to pardon me what- 
ever I have, without my knowledge, done against 
them ; and to promise besides to lift from me, and 
never to avenge any mischief, injury, or disgrace 
that may be laid up against me by them." Denk 
differed from the Reformers because truth compelled 
him. He was a Baptist because he could not help 
it, and like Baptists now, he was full of love for 
the children of God with whom he differed. 

Denk was very popular in Augsburg. Urbanus 
Rhegius, a minister in that city while Denk resided 
in it, says of his influence, " It increased like a 
cancer, to the grievous injury of many souls." 
Throngs attended Baptist worship, the noblest and 
oldest families joined the movement, and some of 
them only left it for the martyr's crown. Be- 
fore the truths and discourses of Hans Denk, the 
public sentiment of Augsburg seemed for a time lo 
bow. 

But his principles traveled "on the Rhine, in 
Switzerland, in Franconia, in Suabia, even as far 
as Moravia," and had his life been spared, and the 
favor of God still continued, the Reformation of 
Luther might have been a complete purification of 
Christianity. 

The opinions of Denk in some respects differed 
from ours ; his theology may be characterized as 
Origenistic ; but he was largely with us ; and he 
was a powerful advocate of the truth ; " friend and 
foe rightly considered that his death was the se- 
verest blow" that the Baptist communities had re- 
ceived till 1527. 

His knowledge of the Scriptures was profound, 
his theological information extensive, his learning 
great, his reputation as an author wide-spread, and 
his piety unquestioned. In him "his brethren had 
a prize that would have been an ornament to any 
party," and he became so easily and rapidly their 
chief that he was sometimes called their pope. 

Denne, Rev. Henry, distinguished himself by 
his sermons, discussions, writings, sufferings, and 
heroism for the truth. Like many Pedobaptists he 
was designed for the ministry from childhood with- 
out any reference to conversion. He received his 
education at the University of Cambridge, and 
22 



about 1630, he was ordained by the bishop of St. 
Davids. 

He held the living of Pyrton in Hertfordshire 
for ten years, after receiving episcopal orders, and 
for his industry and earnestness in preaching he 
was highly esteemed by his people. 

In 1641 he was appointed to preach the visitation 
sermon at Baldock to the clergy and gentry. The 
meeting was numerous and influential. The ser- 
mon was largely taken up with an exposure of the 
sin of persecution, the vices of the ministry, and 
the corruptions in doctrine and worship of the Es- 
tablished Church. Mr. Denne in his sermon showed 
no mercy to the pride, covetousness, pluralities, 
and non-residence of the clergy. The sermon pro- 
duced a sensation among the hearers ; the clergy- 
men could scarcely keep their seats while their 
well-known offenses were set in order before them, 
and Mr. Denne preserved a good conscience and 
secured firm friends and lively enemies by bis faith- 
fulness. In studying the Scriptures he found that 
infant baptism was not enjoined by the Saviour, 
and in extending his researches he fiiiled to dis- 
cover it in the records of the first two centuries, 
and he felt bound to be baptized. He was immersed 
in London about 1643 hy Mr. Lamb, pastor of the 
church in Bell Alley, Coleman Street, of which he 
became a member. Mr. Denne was regarded in 
his day as a man of extraordinary talents, and as 
an eminently fit person to win the perishing from 
iniquity. Like the apostles he journeyed much, 
and he preached the truth in many parts of England. 
He proclaimed the blessed gospel in London, in 
Cambridgeshire, in Lincolnshire, in Kent, and in 
other places, and he baptized many converts and 
founded churches wherever he went. This led to 
his arrest on several occasions, but he was not de- 
tained in prison for any considerable period by the 
efforts of his enemies. 

Discouraged by persecutions and legal hindrances 
to his work as a minister, he entered the army as a 
cornet, in which his courage and intelligence soon 
made him a general favorite. He was in one of 
the twelve troops that mutinied at Burford, in Ox- 
fordshire, and he and three others were condemned 
to death ; the others were executed, but Cornet 
Denne when called out was pardoned. He came 
forward " expecting death with great composure of 
spirit," but he was spared. The troops thought 
that after the death of Charles I. there should be 
" liberty and a free commonwealth," but they were 
disappointed. And as twelve regiments were or- 
dered for service in Ireland, under Cromwell, there 
was a revolt among the troops at Burford. Mr. 
Denne bitterly regretted the part he had taken in 
this transaction, and gave himself more heartily 
than ever to the spread of the gospel. 

There was a lady in London greatly exercised on 



HEN-SON- 



DEVAN 



the question, "Whether infant baptism were of 
God ov not?" She desired that a friendly confer- 
ence should be held in her presence that her mind 
might be relieved from doubts about her duty in 
reference to baptism. It was arranged that Mr. 
Denne and Dr. Gunning, subsequently bishop, first 
of Ely and then of Chichester, should present their 
respective views in St. Clement Dane's church, 
London, on the 19th and 26th of November, 1658. 
The discussion created so much interest that thou- 
sands of people flocked to hear it, and for a time 
it was an absorbing topic of conversation through- 
out all circles of society. During the second day 
Dr. Gunning took advantage of a tumultuous in- 
terruption in the church to decline further con- 
troversy, showing that he had an antagonist with 
whose blows he was wearied. The lady decided 
against the future bishop, and she was immersed 
on the 1st of December, by Mr. Denne. 

Mr. Denne was the author of six works, which 
were widely circulated and highly esteemed. He 
died about 1661, and upon his grave a clergyman, 
one of his fi-iends, put this epitaph : 

" To tell his wisdom, learning, goodness unto men 
I need say uo more, but here lies Henry Denne." 

He was a scholarly man, untiring in serving 
Jesus, of fine talents, and of a blameless life. 

Denson, Rev. ■William, long an active and 
efficient Baptist minister east of Pearl River, in 
Mississippi, was born in Tennessee about 1805, 
but spent his boyhood in Alabama. He removed 
to Rankin Co., Miss., about 1820, and soon after 
began to preach. At first his education was de- 
fective, but by dint of close application he over- 
came these deficiencies and became one of the most 
influential preachers in his part of the State. He 
labored chiefly in the counties of Rankin, Madison, 
Scott, and Leake. Few men in the State have im- 
pressed themselves more upon the denomination 
than William Denson. He was many years moder- 
ator of his Association. He was accidentally 
thrown from his buggy and killed while attending 
a protracted meeting, in 1875. 

Denton, Rev. Isaac, a distinguished pioneer 
preacher of Southeastern Kentucky, of French ex- 
traction, was born in Caswell Co., N. C, in Sep- 
tember, 1768. He was ordained a Baptist minister, 
and preached several years in East Tennessee. He 
removed to Clinton Co., Ky., in 1798, and gathered 
Otter Creek, Beaver Creek, Clear Creek, and others 
of the first churches in this region of the State. 
After a long and useful ministry, he died Jan. 26, 
1848. 

Depravity, Total. See Original Sin. 

Desbrisay, James, is a retired merchant of 
Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, who has 
taken a very active part for many years in pro- 



moting the progress of the Baptist denomination 
on that island, and in sustaining the missionary and 
educational institutions of the Baptists in the Mar- 
itime Provinces. 

Des Moines, University of, Iowa, was founded 
in 1865. It originated in a conviction in the minds 
of many Iowa Baptists that they ought to have an 
institution of learning centrally located, and in 
one of the populous cities of the State. Des Moines 
had recently become the capital of Iowa, and by 
constitutional enactment was to remain the seat of 
government, and already had a population of about 
10,000. It was near the centre of the State, grow- 
ing steadily in population and mercantile impor- 
tance, and was evidently to become the largest city 
in the State, the centre of great commercial, po- 
litical, and moral influence. A building and 
campus, designed and partially prepared for edu- 
cational purposes, were offered on reasonable terms. 
This property (which is beautifully located on an 
eminence ovei-looking the city, tiie rivers, the val- 
ley, and prominently seen from all approaches of 
the city) seemed then a little i-emote from the cen- 
tre of population, but it is now surrounded by 
choice private residences, which are reaching far 
out beyond it. 

The school was started in 1866. Limited re- 
sources have retarded the work, but there has been 
a gradual growth, until there is now a full college 
curriculum, classical and scientific, and also a 
ladies' course, occupying one year less than the 
full college course. Both sexes are equally ad- 
mitted to all advantages and honors. Several 
classes, composed of both sexes, have already 
graduated from full courses of study. 

The property of the university is valued at 
1?50,000, and the endowment fund at |23,000. Lo- 
cated in the metropolis of the State, which has a 
present population of 23,000, a central point of rail- 
roads, in the midst of a vast coal-field, and in one 
of the best agricultural districts of the United 
States, with a healthful climate, there is no reason 
why, with earnest efforts, the university may not in 
the future rise to the position of one of the best 
seats of learning in the State. 

J. A. Nash, D.D., who has been largely iden- 
tified with the entire history of this university, is 
its present president, and he is assisted by a sufli- 
cient faculty of experienced teachers. 

Devan, Thomas T., M.D., was born in New 
York City, July 31, 1809 ; graduated from Colum- 
bia College in that city in 1828, and later, at the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons. Early in life 
he became connected with, the First Baptist church 
in New York, under the ministry of Dr. Cone, and 
he was a very influential helper. In 1844 he and 
his admirable wife, the daughter of David Hale, ed- 
itor of the Journal of Commerce, went as missiona- 



DEVIX 



331 



BE VOTIE 



ries to China. Mrs. Devan died within two years; 
the doctor's healtli failed so as to interfere with his 
preaching; he was transferred to the mission in 
France, where he remained through the stirring 
period from 1848 to 1853, when he returned home. 
Dr. Devan left a large remunerative practice to 
enter the ministry, and since his return he has 
continued to preach. He was army chaplain 
during the war ; has been pastor at Nyack, X. Y., 
and West Hoboken, N.J. ; has frequently supplied 
the churches of New Brunswick, where he resides, 
and is spending the evening of life doing good as 
he has opportunity, and beloved by his brethren. 

Devin, Rev. R. I., of Huguenot descent, was 
torn in Henry Co., Va., Aug. 14, 1822 : baptized 
by Rev. John D. Handkins, May 18, 1839 ; edu- 
cated at Rocky Spring Academy ; ordained Aug. 
11, 1845 ; labored in 1846—47 as a missionary of 
the North Carolina Baptist State Convention ; set- 
tled in Oxford as pastor in 1848, and has spent 
most of a long and useful life in Granville County, 
where he has been instrumental in organizing a 
number of strong churches, and has baptized some 
1600 or 1800 persons. He has been pastor of 
Mountain Creek church fifteen years, and of Grassy 
Creek church twenhj-nine years. He has recently 
published a valuable and interesting history" of this 
venerable church. 

De Votie, J. H., D.D., was born in Oneida 
Co., N. Y., Sept. 24, 1813. He was baptized on 




J. H. DE VOTIE, D.D. 

the morning of Sabbath, Dec. 4, 1831, at Savan- 
nah, Ga., by Rev. H. C. Wyer. The First Bap- 



tist church of Savannah licensed him to preach 
the gospel on the 21st of October, 1832, immedi- 
ately after which he pursued a course of study in 
theology at Furman Theological Seminary, located 
at High Hills of Santee, Sumter District, S. C, 
under the instruction of Jesse Hartwell, D.D., and 
Samuel Furman, D.D. He was ordained by Dr. 
Jesse Hartwell and Dr. Joseph B. Cook, at Cam- 
den, S. C, in 1833, and in this place he served his 
first pastorate of two years, while a student at the 
seminai-y. 

He moved thence to Montgomery, Ala., preach- 
ing there one year ; became pastor of the Tusca- 
loosa church, which he served four years ; was then 
called to the charge of the Marion, Ala., church, 
remaining fourteen years ; serving one year as 
financial secretary of the Domestic and Indian 
Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, 
of which he was also president for a number of 
years. In 1856 he was called to Columbus, Ga., 
where he lived fourteen years, resigning the pas- 
torship in 1870, and taking charge of the GriiEn, 
Ga., church, which position he retained for two 
years, — 1871 and 1872. He still resides in Grifiin, 
although he has for several years been the able and 
efficient corresponding secretary of the State Mis- 
sion Board of the Georgia Baptist Convention. 
Under his management that board has been very 
successful. 

A strong Baptist, he never shuns to declare the 
whole counsel of God, yet Pedobaptists love and 
respect him. As a money-solicitor at our Conven- 
tions he has few equals, and his exquisite tact and 
inimitable humor make him a welcome and useful 
member of our religious assemblies. In person he 
is heavily built, rather beneath the average height, 
and dignified and deliberate in his movements. 

No man possesses in a greater measure the love 
and confidence of his Baptist brethren, and at 
the same time the respect and esteem of other 
denominations, and of the community at large. 
His sermons are full of feeling, and are of that 
high order which comes from men of the loftiest 
intellect, culture, and sensibility, and while they 
afiect the hearts of the humblest believers, they 
excite the admiration of the most fastidious and 
cultivated. 

At the beginning of the war he served for a brief 
time on the Georgia coast as voluntary chaplain, 
declining from conscientious motives to receive 
pay. Though laboring in the ministry for more 
than forty years, he has not been without a field 
of labor for as much as two months at a time, 
having baptized not fewer than 1500 professed 
converts. 

If there is any credit to be attached to the re- 
moval of Mercer University from Penfield, he is 
entitled to his share of it, for he offered to the 



DEXTER 



DICKERSON 



board of trustees, of which he is a member, the 
first set of resolutions on that subject. 

His influence in Georgia, as it was in Alabama, 
has always been commanding, resulting in a large 
measure fi-om his great good sense, sincere piety, 
consistent life, ardent labors, and exalted intel- 
lectual powers. In his long experience he has 
been tried by many and deep afflictions, but all 
the while a spirit of sweet and pious resignation 
has thrown a mellow radiance around his life and 
character. 

Dexter, Henry V., D.D., was born in Wayne, 
Me., April 3, 1815. He was a graduate of Water- 
ville College in the class of 1842, and of the Newton 
Theological Institution in the class of 1845. His 
ordination took place in Brookline, Mass., Sept. 7, 
1845, and he became pastor of the Second Baptist 
church in Calais, Me., where he remained nine 
years, and then removed to Augusta, Me. His con- 
nection with the Augusta church continued for six 
years, when, in 1860, he returned to Calais, and for 
the second time became pastor of the church with 
which he began his ministry, remaining with it for 
another period of nine years. Subsequently he 
was pastor of the church in Kennebunkport, Me., 
and of the church in Baldwinsville, Mass. Colby 
University, of which institution he is a trustee, 
conferred on Mr. Dexter the degree of Doctor of 
Divinity in 1870. 

Dexter, Isaac, was born in 1751, at Dartmouth, 
Mass. ; converted in Liverpool, Nova Scotia, under 
the preaching of the celebrated Henry Alline ; bap- 
tized, in 1784, by Rev. Thomas Handly Chipman, 
the first Scriptural baptism administered in Queens 
County. Died in 1848. He was a worthy servant 
of the gracious Redeemer. 

Dickenson, E. W., D.D., veas born in Salem, 
N. J., Jan. 28, 1810 ; graduated at Hamilton in 
1835 ; was ordained in Poughkeepsie in the autumn 
of 1836. For forty yeai-s he was a faithful minister 
of the gospel in the place of his ordination, and in 
Danvers, Mass., Burlington, N. J., Elmira, N. Y., 
Lewisburg, Pa., Dayton, 0., and Marcus Hook, Pa., 
where he spent fourteen years in the service of his 
Lord. He was studious in his habits, careful in 
his pulpit preparations, attentive to the sick and 
the indigent, and interested in the religious welfare 
of the young. His ministry enjoyed much of the 
divine favor in his various fields of labor. He was 
moderator of the Philadelphia Baptist Association. 
He possessed the esteem of many of the best men 
in the Baptist denomination by whom he was 
known. He entered his eternal home Dec. 8, 1875. 
Lewisburg University conferred upon him the well- 
earned degree of Doctor of Divinity. 

Dickerson, James Stokes, D.D., was born in 
Philadelphia, July 6, 1825. His boyhood was spent 
partly in Philadelphia and partly in New York ; in 



the latter city with relatives of his mother, the 
daughter of Mr. Thomas Stokes, who, like Mr. 
Dickerson, the father of James, was remarkable 
for his devout spirit, and his active zeal in different 




JAMKS STOKES DICKERSON, D.D. 

lines of Christian work. Three years were spent 
in study in Newburgh Academy. At the age of 
thirteen a position was secured him in a store in 
New York. His conversion took place in 1840, 
and he became a member of the Tabernacle Baptist 
church, receiving the ordinance at the hands of 
Rev. W. W. Everts. In 1842 he began his course 
of study preparatory to the ministry, which, even 
before his conversion, seems to have been his chosen 
sphere. At the age of about seventeen he entered 
the preparatory department of Madison University; 
after two j'eavs in it he entered the collegiate, and 
graduated in 1848. An affection of the throat in- 
terfered with his theological studies, and also with 
his plans for entering at once upon the active duties 
of the ministry. In 1850 he became associated 
with Prof. M. B. Anderson, then of Waterville 
College, Me., in the publication of the New York 
Recorder. This connection, mutually most pleas- 
ant, and of signal service in the journalism of the 
denomination, was brought to a close at the end of 
four years by Dr. Anderson's acceptance of the 
Rochester presidency. Mr. Dickerson engaged in 
the business of liookseller and publisher in New 
York, continuing in this two years, when he be- 
came depository agent of the Publication Society 
in Philadelphia. After four years in this service 
he. became proprietor and editor of the Philadelphia 



Die KIN 



DICKINSON 



Christian Chronicle. It was while editing this 
p.aper that he began preaching at Wilmington, 
Del., first as supply of the Second Baptist church 
in that city. This ended in a call, which he ac- 
cepted, and entered upon his new duties March 1, 
1861. This pastorate he held five years; a pas- 
torate fruitful in every way, a large number being 
added to the church, — 200 at one time. It was also 
an eventful period to the country, by reason of the 
civil war, which in the mean time began and ended, 
and in which Mr. Dickerson, connected with the 
Christian Commission, rendered most important 
service. In May, 1865, he became pastor of the 
Fourth Avenue Baptist church, in Pittsburgh, Pa. 
It was again a five-years' service, with large results 
of lasting good. Besides the completion of the 
chapel of the present elegant house of worship, and 
the purchase of the ground upon which it stands, 
there were large ingatherings. In 1870 a call from 
the South Baptist church, Boston, took him to that 
city. It was while here that the rheumatic afi'ec- 
tion which caused his death became so serious as 
to occasion anxiety, and at length to necessitate a 
change of labor. The pastorate, which lasted until 
February, 1875, was a most happy and prosperous 
one, varied during the year 1871 by a visit to Eu- 
rope with his wife, which he greatly enjoyed. 
Satisfied at length that further service in the pas- 
torate had become impossible, through the almost 
complete failure of his health, he purchased an in- 
terest in the proprietoi-ship of The Standard, of 
Chicago, and removing to that city in 1875, became 
joint editor of the paper, and co-proprietor with 
Mr. Edward Goodman. In spite of his rapidly 
failing health he rendered highly important service 
in his new relations, contributing valuable articles 
even while confined to his bed and suffering ex- 
treme pain. He died in the spring of 1876, and 
was buried, March 24, in the Oakwood Cemetery. 
He was " a man greatly beloved," and his death 
was felt as a severe denominational loss. His first 
wife, whom he had married in Utica, N. Y., as Miss 
Julia P. Spencer, the daughter of Mr. Julius A. 
Spencer, died at Philadelphia in 1864. In the au- 
tumn of 1866 he married Miss Emma R. Richard- 
son, daughter of Prof. J. F. Richardson, of Roches- 
ter. Mrs. Dickerson with her son, J. S. Dickerson, 
succeeded him in the proprietorship of the Stan- 
dard, having a connection also with its editorial 
staff. 

Dickin, Rev. Edward Nichols, was born in 
Campbell Co., Ky., Sept. 26, 1835. He graduated 
at Georgetown in 1861. Was Professor of Greek 
and Latin from 1864 to 1870. At the latter period 
he took the pastoral charge of the Bethel Baptist 
church at Pembroke, Christian Co., Ky. Mr. 
Dickin is a fine scholar, a good preacher, and a 
most excellent pastor. 



Dickinson, A. E., D.D., at present senior ed- 
itor of the Religious Herald, published in Rich- 
mond, Va., was born December, 1830, in Orange 
Co., Va. Having pursued his studies both at Rich- 




A. E. DICKINSON, D.D. 

mond College and the University of Virginia, he 
became pastor of the Baptist church in Charlottes- 
ville, the seat of the university, where he was 
greatly blessed in his labors, influencing by his 
counsels many of the students for good, and build- 
ing up the church of his charge into a strong and 
active body. He afterwards became superintendent 
of the Sunday-school and colportage work under 
the direction of the Board of the General Associa- 
tion of Virginia, in which position he organized 
many new Sunday - schools, strengthened those 
already in existence, enlarged their libraries, in- 
creased their facilities for carrying on their work 
more successfully, and preached the gospel in many 
places almost entirely destitute of these means of 
grace. After nine years' successful labor in this 
most important field of Christian activity, he be- 
came pastor of the Leigh Street Baptist church, 
Richmond, where, by means of his earnest and 
practical method of preaching, and his genial and 
sympathetic pastoral bearing towards, and inter- 
course with the people, he accomplished much good, 
and made his church a powerful instrument in 
spreading Baptist principles in the community. 
Afterwards he became joint owner and editor, with 
the Rev. Dr. Jeter, of the Religious Herald, a 
weekly journal, which for dignity of bearing, fidel- 
ity to old-fashioned gospel Baptist truth, for an 



DILLAHUNTY 



334 



earnest interest in, and advocacy of all denomina- 
tional enterprises, and for largeness of circulation 
among an intelligent constituency, ranks among 
the best religious periodicals in the country. 

Dr. Dickinson, too, does not confine himself to 
the seclusion of the editorial room. He is an inter- 
ested attendant on Association al, educational, and 
other meetings, and is ever ready to encourage 
their efforts by his counsel and his contributions. 
Many a pastor has had his judicious help in pro- 
tracted meetings, and numerous new converts can 
date their first quickenings of conscience, under tlie 
grace of God, to his earnest and pointed preaching, 
or the solution of their distressing doubts to his 
sympathetic and judicious counsel. Perhaps no 
editor of a denominational journal in the country 
is more widely and favorably known, or more cor- 
dially welcomed to all Baptist assemblies, than the 
"senior" editor of the Religious Herald. Furman 
University, of South Carolina, conferred upon him 
the honorary degree of D.D. 

Dillahunty, Rev. John, was born in Kent Co., 
Md., about 1730. After his marriage he moved to 
the neighborhood of Newbern, N. C. The esteem 
of his new friends secured for him the sheriff's of- 
fice for Craven County. The first sermon he ever 
heard was from George Whitefield, and it pro- 
foundly moved him. At a meeting conducted by 
Shubael Stearns and Daniel Marshall his soul was 
brought into the liberty of Jesus, and he was bap- 
tized. A church was organized in his neighbor- 
hood, which soon dissolved, but its members united 
again and elected him pastor. Near his church, in 
Jones County, was a fine Episcopal church edifice, 
erected by the government in colonial times, whose 
Tory i-ector fled to England in the beginning of the 
Eevolutionary war. The members of this church 
attended the ministry of Mr. Dillahunty, and nearly 
the whole of them were converted, and the vestry 
met and gave the church edifice to him and his 
church, and to their successors forever. He went 
to Tennessee in March, 1796 ; the year after he was 
chiefly instrumental in organizing the church at 
Richland Creek, of which he became pastor, and in 
which he labored till his death, which occurred 
February 8, 1816. Mr. Dillahunty was an effective 
preacher, full of the spirit of God, a builder on the 
walls of Zion who needed not to be ashamed. 

Dillard, Ryland Thompson, D.L., was bom in 
Caroline Co., Va., November, 1797. He was edu- 
cated at Rappahannock Academy, Port Royal, and 
he was a soldier in the war of 1812-15. At the 
age of twenty-one years he emigrated to Kentucky. 
He studied law, was admitted to the bur, and com- 
menced the practice of his profession with Hon. 
Richard French at Winchester, Ky., in 1821. He 
had grown up and been confirmed in the Episcopal 
Church, but being convinced of the necessity of 



being born again, he sought and obtained hope in 
Jesus. He unitedwith the Baptist church at Bry- 
ants, and was baptized by the venerable Ambrose 
Dudley in September, 1823. In 1824 he was or- 




R1L\ND THOMPSOV DILLARD DD 

dained, and accepted the pastorate of East Hick- 
man church, and a few years afterwards, in addi- 
tion to his other charge, that of David's Fork, 
preaching to the former forty-seven years, and to 
the latter more than thirty years. During most of 
his ministry these two chui-ches aggregated over 
1000 members. In 1842, Mr. Dillard was appointed 
Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State, 
holding that position six years. He was active in 
originating the General Association of Kentucky, 
was many years moderator of Elkhorn Association, 
and was a trustee of Georgetown College. He 
wrote for the Baptist periodicals, and preached 
frequently to the destitute, especially among the 
mountains of Eastern Kentuckj'. During his min- 
istry he baptized over 4000 people, and married 
873 couples. He died Nov. 26, 1878, and was 
buried in the family grave-yard near Lexington. 

Dimock, Rev. David C. W., son of Rev. Jo- 
seph Dimock, was born at Chester, Nova Scotia ; 
studied at Horton Academy ; ordained at Chester, 
Dec. 4, 1841 ; was for many years pastor at Onslow 
and Truro, Nova Scotia, and has labored exten- 
sively and prosperously in other parts of the Mai-i- 
time Provinces. 

Dimock, Judg'e Davis, was born at Rocky 
Hill, Conn., May 27, 1776. His father served as a 
lieutenant in the Revolutionary array. His parents 



DIMOCK 



335 



DISCIPLES 



moved into the AVyoniing Yallej, Pennsylvania, 
about 1790. Davis settled in Exeter, paid some 
attention to medicine, and became successfully en- 
gaged in business. He had imbibed infidel senti- 
ments, but was converted in 1801, and ordained to 
the ministi-y in 1803. In 1808 he removed to Mon- 
trose, where he resided till his death, in September, 
1858. For fifty years he was a leading Baptist 
minister in the Luzerne, Lackawanna, Susque- 
hanna, and "Wyoming region. For more than a 
quarter of a century he was an associate judge of 
Susquehanna County. In 1824 he commenced the 
publication of a monthly called Tlie Christian Mar/, 
azine, or Baptist Mirror, which he continued for 
three years. Mr. Dimock was fifty-eight years in 
the ministry, and by his talents and piety wielded 
an extensive influence for God and truth. His 
children inherited the genius of their father, and 
the Lord bestowed on them the same grace. His 
daughter, Mrs. Lydia C. Searles, is " a large con- 
tributor to current history." 

Limock, Hon. Davis, Jr., a son of the Rev. 
Davis Dimock, of Montrose, was born in 1807, and 
Avas blessed with the second birth at an early pe- 
riod in life, and united with his father's church in 
Montrose. He made the law his profession, and 
soon obtained such distinction in his calling that 
he was elected to the United States House of Rep- 
resentatives. While serving his country in this 
honored position he passed into the better land in 
1842, in his thirty-fifth year. 

Dimock, Rev. George, wasboi-n July 17, 1777, 
in Newport, Xova Scotia ; converted 1789 : bap- 
tized at Horton, 1799, by Rev. T. S. Harding, and 
united with the Baptist church formed at Newport 
in August, 1799; commenced preaching in 1818; 
ordained pastor of the church at Newport in 1820, 
and continued in this office till 1860 ; died Sept. 30, 
1865. His life -and ministry were marked by great 
usefulness. 

Dimock, Rev. Joseph, son of Daniel Dimock, 
and prominent among the pioneers and founders of 
the Baptist denomination in Nova Scotia, was born 
in Newport. Nova Scotia. Dec. 11, 1768 ; converted 
July 17, 1785 : baptized at Horton, May 6, 1787, by 
Rev. Nicholas Pierson ; ordained pastor at Chester, 
Sept. 10, 1793, and so continued till his death, 
June 29, 1846 : was active in forming the Baptist 
Association, June 23, 1800; evangelized and bap- 
tized in Cape Breton Island in 1825, 1826, and 
1838, with gracious results ; was a warm friend of 
education ; eminently gentle and kind ; sound in 
doctrine, strong in faith, and profound in Christian 
experience, Mr. Dimock's ministry was one of 
goodness and great spiritual results. 

Dippiog in the Westminster Assembly of 
Divines. — Dr. -John Lightfoot. a Presbyterian 
member of the celebrated body just named, kept a 



journal of its proceedings, and of Aug. 7, 1644, he 
says, " And here fell we upon a large and long 
discourse, whether dipping were essential, or used 
in the first institution, or in the Jews' custom. Mr. 
Colman (one of the ablest Hebrew scholars in Eng- 
land) went about in a large discourse to prove 
tauveleh (Hebrew for immersion) to be dipping 
over head, wliich I answered at large. . . . After 
a long dispute it was at last put to the question 
whether the Directory (for public worship) should 
run, 'The minister shall take water and sprinkle 
or pour it with his hand upon the face or forehead 
of the child ;" and it was voted so indifierently that 
we were glad to count names twice ; for so many 
were unwilling to have dipping excluded, that the 
vote came to an equality within one; for the one side 
was twenty-four, the other twenty-five, — the twenty- 
four for the reserving of dipping, and the twenty- 
five against it. And there grew a great heat upon 
it ; and when we had done all, we concluded upon 
nothing in it; but the business was recommitted.'' 
(The AVhole Works of Lightfoot, siii. 300, 301. 
London, 1824.) The next day dipping was eff'ect- 
uajly voted down as one of the modes of baptism 
in the Presbyterian Church. At this period the 
immersionists had greater strength in that commu- 
nity than they have ever had since. 

Disciples of Christ, The, or "Christians."' or 
" Campbellites," as they are sometimes improperly 
called, are a religious community existing in Eu- 
rope to a very limited extent, with a numerous 
membership on this side of the Atlantic. 

Thomas and Alexander Campbell, father and son, 
Scotch-Irishmen by birth, connected originally with 
the Presbyterian church founded by the pious 
Erskines, in 1810 gathered a congregation at Brush 
Run, Pa., '• which was designed from its very in- 
ception to put an end to all partisan controversies, 
and, far from narrowing the basis of Christian fel- 
lowship, to furnish abundant room for all believers 
upon the broad ground of the Bible, and a common 
religion upon the merits of Christ." In 1812 the 
congregation of Brush Run and the two ministering 
brethren were baptized by Elder Luse of the Bap- 
tist denomination, " upon the simple profession of 
faith made by the Ethiopian eunuch." In 1813 
this body was received into the Redstone Baptist 
Association on the condition that " no terms of 
union or communion other than the Holy Scriptures 
should be required." After a connection with the 
Redstone Association of nearly ten years, rendered 
unpleasant by growing difficulties, Alexander 
Campbell was one of about thirty members who 
received dismission from the church at Brush Run 
to constitute a church at Wellsburg, Ya. The new 
community was admitted into the Mahoning Bap- 
tist Association of Ohio. Nearly the whole Asso- 
ciation by degrees adopted the views of Mr. Camp- 



DISCIPLES 



336 



DISTRICT 



bell. These sentiments became obnoxious to many 
neighboring Baptist churches, so that " the Beaver 
Association (of Pennsylvania) was induced to de- 
nounce them as heretical, and exclude from their 
fellowship all those churches which favored tlie 
views of" Mr. Campbell and his friends. The rent 
in the denomination was made wider, and the Dis- 
ciples stood before the world as an independent 
community, differing from the Baptists chiefly 
about their " rejection of creeds, and baptism for 
remission of sins." The year 1828 was the time 
when the Mahoning Association adopted the doc- 
trines advocated by Mr. Campbell, and as a conse- 
quence that year is commonly regarded as the com- 
mencement of the distinct denominational life of 
the "' Disciples." The object of the movement of 
which Thomas and Alexander Campbell were the 
leaders, according to Prof. R. Richardson, of Vir- 
ginia, was " to disinter the edifice of ancient Chris- 
tianity from the rubbish which so many ages had 
accumulated upon it ; and the beauty of those por- 
tions which were first exposed, only induced greater 
exertions to bring others into view. It was the 
unity of the church which first struck the atten- 
tion ; the subsequent submission to immersion is 
only onQ example among others of that progression 
which consistency with their own principles re- 
quired. Thus, it was not until ten years after this 
that the definite object of immersion was fully un- 
derstood, when it was recognized as the remitting 
ordinance of the gospel, or the appointed means 
through which the penitent sinner obtained an as- 
surance of that pardon, or remission, procured for 
him by the suffering and death of Christ. Nor 
was it until a still later period that this doctrine 
was practically applied, in calling upon believing 
penitents to be baptized for the purpose specified. 
This view of baptism gave great importance to the 
institution, and has become one of the prominent 
features of this reformation." (Religious Denom- 
inations of the United States, p. 229. Philadel- 
phia, 1859.) 

They discard all human creeds and confessions, 
taking the Bible as their only religious authority ; 
they regard all other denominations as imperfect, 
and claim that they have restored New Testament 
order in all things. They look upon the divisions of 
Christians as essentially wrong, and advocate the 
union of all believers on their platform. They in- 
sist on using Bible terms for Scriptural subjects, 
and therefore reject the words " Trinity, Triune, 
etc., (though) they receive everything Avhich the 
Scripture affirms of the Father, the Son, and the 
Holy Spirit, giving to evei-y expression its full and 
obvious meaning." They teach that when Christ is 
preached the hearers have ability to believe upon, 
and obey him ; that baptism is immersion only, and 
should be administered to no one but a believer ; 



that it precedes forgiveness and adoption ; that the 
blood of Christ only cleanses from sin, but that 
God requires faith, repentance, a^id baptism as the 
conditions on which, for Christ's sake, he forgives 
and adopts his children ; or as many state it, 
" There are three steps necessary to salvation, — -faith, 
repentance, and baptism." 

They believe that conversion is a turning to the 
Lord, and that in the New Testament baptism is 
the outward act by which one who has faith and 
repentance manifests this great change. They be- 
lieve that the Spirit operates on sinners through the 
Word of God, though some of them think that he 
acts directly on the guilty heart. 

They object to relations of Christian experience 
as prerequisites to baptism, requiring nothing more 
than the brief confession made by the eunuch be- 
fore Philip immersed him. They administer the 
Supper every Lord's day, to a participation of 
which with them Pedobaptists are not invited, but 
from which they are not excluded. 

Their government is congregational ; every 
church has elders to take charge of its spiritual 
affairs, and deacons to care for its temporal con- 
cerns. The official position of the preacher is nob 
invested with quite as much authority as is accorded 
to it in other i-eligious bodies, and the title of Rev. 
is never given him by his brethren. 

In other particulars the Disciples are in harmony 
with evangelical Christians. 

Their numbers in the United States are variously 
estimated at from 250,000 to 600,000. They have 
churches in almost every State and Territory of the 
Union, but they are most numerous in Illinois, In- 
diana, Kentucky, Missouri, and Ohio. They also 
have a few churches in the British American prov- 
inces, and in England, Ireland, Scotland, Australia, 
New Zealand, and Jamaica. They have a number 
of institutions of learning and several newspapers. 

They are an active and moral people, some of 
whom occupy distinguished positions in the United 
States. Judge Jeremiah Black, of Pennsylvania, 
Gov. Bishop, of Ohio, and President-elect Garfield 
are citizens that reflect honor on the Disciples of 
Christ. 

The editor places this sketch in the Encyclopredia 
because the Disciples of Christ are a considerable 
section of the great and growing immersion family. 
He has been at some pains to secure a fair repre- 
sentation of their opinions and practices. And he 
would add, that in common with his brethren, he 
dissents from all the peculiar opinions of Mr. Camp- 
bell and the special features of his reformation. 

District of Columbia, The Baptists of.— The 

first Baptist church in the District was organized 
March 7, 1802, with six members. Washington at 
that time contained but 4000 inhabitants. The 
Rev. Wm. Parkinson, then chaplain to Congress, 



DISTRICT 



337 



DIXON 



supplied the pulpit. In the following autumn a 
plain meeting-house was built at the corner of I 
and Nineteenth Streets. The church remained 
without a pastor five years, at the termination of 
which time the Rev. 0. B. Brown was elected pas- 
tor (January, 1807), and continued such forty-three 
years. Spencer H. Cone, having abandoned the 
stage, was licensed by the church. In 1814 the 
Hon. 0. C. Comstock, a member of Congress, was 
converted, baptized into the fellowship of the 
church, and licensed to preach. In 1833 the church 
built a meeting-house on Tenth Street. In 1859, in 
pursuance of an arrangement made with the Fourth 
church, worshiping on Thirteenth Street, the First 
church took possession oftheirbuilding, themember- 
ship of the Fourth church uniting with them. Among 
its members were Cone, Rice, Cushman, Knowles, 
Howell, Stow, Chapin, Dodge, and others known 
and loved by the denomination. Its pastors have 
been Brown Hill, Cole, Samson, Gillette, and Cuth- 
bert. 

The Second (Navy-Yard) church was organized 
June 3, 1810, with five members. They first occu- 
pied a small frame building, in which Spencer H. 
Cone, at that time a clerk in the U. S. Treasury 
Department, preached his first sermon. The fol- 
lowing year he was elected chaplain to Congress. 
In 1855 they finished their present house of wor- 
ship, mainly the result of the faithful labors of Dr. 
I. Cole. Among the pastors or temporary supplies 
of this church were Lynd, Neale, Chapin, Magin- 
nis, Poindexter, Bacon, Adams, Sydnor, Boston, 
and Cole. 

The Thii'd (E Street) church had its beginning 
in 1841 ; was organized Oct. 6, 1842, with twenty- 
one members, and took the name of the Third Bap- 
tist church of Washington. In January of 1843 a 
remarkable work of grace began among them, and 
soon extended to other churches. In April of 
1843 the Rev. G. W. Samson became pastor, and 
from that time the church rapidly increased in 
numbers and efficiency. Up to August, 1846, the 
church had worshiped in public halls, but at that 
time they entered their new church edifice in E 
Street, and took the name of the E Street Baptist 
church. Dr. Samson continued pastor (with the 
exception of two years) until 1859. Since that 
time they have been served by Drs. Kennard, Gray, 
Parker, and the Rev. Messrs. Jutten and Mason. 

In 1853 a number of brethren, mainly from the 
E Street church, under the Rev. T. C. Teasdale, 
erected a house of worship on Thirteenth Street. 
In 1859, under the ministry of Dr. Cole, this inter- 
est became merged in the First Baptist church. 

In 1855 a mission was established on the " Island" 
by the E Street church, which, in 1857, was for- 
mally recognized as the Island Baptist church. 
The Rev. C. C. Meador was chosen pastor, and he 



has served them most faithfully and successfully 
from that time to the present. 

The Calvary Baptist church (the Sixth Baptist 
church) was constituted June 2, 1862, with quite a 
large number of members dismissed from the E 
Street church. They worshiped in their beautiful 
new edifice for the first time in June, 1866. The 
cost of this building w^as about $115,000, by far the 
larger part of which was contributed by the Hon. 
Amos Kendall, the senior deacon of the church. 
Within eighteen months this beautiful building was 
destroyed by fire, and again Mr. Kendall furnished 
the means (added to the insurance of $50,000) to 
reconstruct it. 

The North Baptist church, under the care of the 
Rev. Owen James, and the Metropolitan Baptist 
church, under the care of Dr. Parker, are both 
young churches, comparatively small in numbers, 
but constantly growing in strength and usefulness. 

The Georgetown church, occupying a neat and 
commodious house, have had many difficulties to 
contend with, and have grown but slowly. There 
are two other points where preaching is regularly 
held, and where small neat buildings have been 
erected. 

Most of the white churches in the District are 
connected with the Columbia Association, recently 
formed, the First church still retaining its connec- 
tion with the Potomac Association of Virginia. 

There are some six or eight colored Baptist 
churches in the District, most of them with a large 
membership, and occupying plain, neat meeting- 
houses. 

Dixon, Rev. A. C, perhaps the most popular 
of all the young preachers of North Carolina. 
This gentleman, the son of Rev. T. Dixon, was 
born in Shelby, N. C, in 1854. He was graduated 
from Wake Forest College in 1875 ; read theology 
at Greenville, S. C, for a time, and was for three 
years pastor at Chapel Hill. He is now the pastor 
at Ashville, N. C, and has had much success in 
revival meetings. 

Dixon, Rev. J. W., was born in Bladen Co., 
N. C, March 5, 1841 ; baptized by Rev. W. M. 
Kennedy in 1858 ; entered the army as a private 
and served through the war, attaining the rank of 
first lieutenant; was ordained in 1877 by Revs. 
H. and J. P. Lennon, and is at present the modei-- 
ator of the Cape Fear Association. His principal 
service as pastor has been among the churches of 
Bladen and Columbus Counties. 

Dixon, Rev. T., was born Dec. 24, 1820, in York 
Co., S. C. ; was baptized by Rev. J. M. Thomas in 
1838, and ordained in 1844, Revs. Wade Hill, T. K. 
Persley, and S. Morgan forming the Presbytery. 
Mr. Dixon has founded some large churches ; served 
Buffalo church thirty years, and New Prospect for 
twenty-five, and baptized on an average 50 persons 



DOANE 



DOCKERY 



for thirty-eight years, making an aggregate of 1900 
souls. He was the first moderator of the King's 
Mountain Association, and has served that body in 
the same relation many times. He still prosecutes 
his Avork as a pastor with vigor, and is a man of 
large influence in his Association. 

Doane, "WiUiam Howard, Mus. Doc, was 
born in Preston, Conn., Feb. 3, 1831. Received 
his education in the public schools and at Wood- 
stock Academy, where he graduated in 1848. In 
1851 took charge of the books and finances of the 
J. A. Fay Wood-working Manufacturing Company, 
and in 1860 became a partner in the firm, removing 
in the same year to Cincinnati, 0., where he has 
since resided. Was converted in 1847, and baptized 
in 1851 by Rev. Frederic Denison into the fellow- 
ship of the Central church of Norwich, Conn. Has 
been all his Christian life an active worker in the 
Sunday-school. 

Dr. Doane stands among the foremost musical 
composers of our day. He early developed a taste 
for music, and gave himself to its study. Among 
his instructors were C. W. Rouse, A. N. Johnson, 
and Kanhoyser, from whom he took a three-years' 
course of thorough-bass. In 1852-54 he was con- 
ductor of the Norwich Harmonic Society. In 
1854 he assisted Prof B. F. Baker in a musical 
convention. He began to compose Sunday-school 
music, in fulfillment of a covenant with God made 
during a severe attack of heart-disease in 1862, 
which brought him to death's door. His first book, 
entitled " Sabbath-School Gems," was published 
the same year. This was followed in 1864 by 
"Little Sunbeams." " Silver Spray" appeared in 
1867, and " Songs of Devotion" in 1868. Since 
then, in connection with Rev. Robert Lowry, D.D., 
he has published "Pure Gold,'' "Royal Diadem," 
"Temple Anthems," "Tidal Wave," "Brightest 
and Best," "Welcome Tidings," "Fountain of 
Song," "The Devotional Hymn and Tune Book," 
and "Good as Gold." A large amount of sheet- 
music has also come from his pen. Some of his 
compositions have been sung in all parts of the 
world. Among those which have been particularly 
popular and useful may be mentioned " The Old, 
Old Story," " More Like Jesus," " Near the Cross," 
and " What Shall the Harvest Be?" 

In 1875 Denison University gave him the hon- 
orary degree of Mus. Doc. In 1878 he returned 
this compliment by presenting the university with 
Doane Hall, a beautiful library building costing 
over 110,000. Dr. Doane is in the prime of life, 
and is characterized by abounding energy and en- 
thusiasm. The head of a large and ever-growing 
business, he yet finds time for music and much 
public service for Christ. In the Robert Raikes 
Centenary in London (1880) he was one of the most 
prominent American delegates. 



Dobbs, C. E. W., L.D., was born in Portsmouth, 
Va., Aug. 12, 1840. He was educated in the art 
of printing, and became editorially connected with 
the press of Norfolk and Portsmouth. He joined 
the Baptist church at Greensborough, N. C, in 
1859, and in 1860 entered the theological seminary 
at Greenville, S. C, from whence he returned and 
preached to Court Street and Fourth Street churches 
in Portsmouth until 1866, when he moved to Ken- 
tucky. After serving several churches in Madison 
County he was called to the First church in Bowl- 
ing Green, and was pastor six years. He now 
(1880) has charge of the Baptist church at Dayton, 
and has been for several years secretary of the 
Southern Baptist Convention, and of the General 
Association of Kentucky. Dr. Dobbs has written 
much for the periodical press, and published one 
or two small books. 

Dockery, Gen. Alfred, was bom in Richmond 
Co., N. C, Dec. 11, 1797. His great good sense 




HON. OLIVER DOCKERY. 

and extraordinary force of character enabled him 
to take a conspicuous part in the aflTairs of his 
State. When twenty-five years old he represented 
his native county in the House of Commons. Ho 
was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 
1835; in 1836 he was in the State senate, and in 
1845 he was sent to Congress from his district, and 
he was again in Congress in 1851. In 1854 he was 
a candidate for governor, and though defeated he 
made a fine canvass, reducing the majority of the 
successful party from 6000 to 2000. 

After the close of the war he was, in 1865, a 



DODD 



DODGE 



member of the convention called by the provisional 
government of the State, and in 1866, against his 
wishes, he was made a candidate for governor. 
His last public position was that of president of the 
board of directors of the State penitentiary. Gen. 
Dockery became a Baptist early in life, and took 
an active part in our denominational movements. 
He died Dee. 3, 1873. His son, Hon. Oliver Dock- 
ery, is a man of culture, and of extent>ive legal 
attainments. He is recognized as one of the lead- 
ing members of the bar in North Carolina. His 
integrity and ability secured his election as a Con- 
gressman from North Carolina. 

Dodd, Rev. J. S., was born in South Carolina, 
Aug. 3, 1809 ; moved to Georgia in 1828 and set- 
tled in Faj'ette County, within two miles of where 
he now lives. In 1832 he united with Bethsaida 
church, where his membership still is (1880). In 
1841 he was licensed, and in 184'2 he was ordained. 
He at once took charge of four churches, and has 
never served fewer at a time. He has had charge 
of the Bethsaida church nearly forty years, and 
has baptized into its membership about 1000 per- 
sons, among them eleven of his own children and 
twenty-four of his grandchildren. He was pastor 
of Ramah church twenty-six years, Antioch church 
twenty-one years, Bethlehem church thirteen 
years, Fairburn church fifteen years, Ebenezer 
church eight years ; and into these and other 
churches which he served he has baptized over 
3000 persons. He has been for many years mod- 
erator of his Association, and wields a great and 
good influence in his community. His distinguish- 
ing trait is energy. 

Dodge, Rev. Saniel, was born in Nova Scotia 
in 1775, and brought up in the United States. At 
eighteen he was converted, and united with the Bap- 
tist church of Woodstock, Vt. In 1801 he was or- 
dained to the gospel ministry in JMaryland. His 
convictions of duty for years led him to journey on 
horseback, preaching the gospel wherever he found 
an opening, in cities and villages, and in country 
barns. In Wilmington, where Mr. Dodge was 
settled for some years, he baptized 259 persons. 
He removed to Piscataway, N. J., in 1818, where 
he labored for nearly fourteen years, with continued 
manifestations of the divine favor. He accepted a 
call to Newark, N. J., in 1832, where he spent six 
years of successful toil as pastor of the First church. 
Afterwards he settled in Philadelphia, and became 
pastor of the Second Baptist church, a position that 
he retained till his death, which occurred in 1851. 

One of his personal friends, who sat under his 
ministry for many years, says " his manner was 
easy and graceful, his sentences had force and ap- 
plication ; he was impressed with the solemnity 
and responsibility of his sacred office ; the sim- 
plicity and paternal style of his addresses lent a 



charm to his discourses.'" In his public ministra- 
tions it was evident to all that God was with him. 
He was an Israelite indeed, in whom there was no 
guile, a burning and a shining light, a minister of 




REV. DANIEL DODGE. 

Jesus who occupied probably the warmest place in 
the hearts of his brethren, and of some thousands 
of others, ever possessed by any pastor in Philadel- 
phia. Though twenty-nine years in the grave, his 
memory is as fragrant in the Second Baptist church, 
and in the Philadelphia Baptist Association, as if 
he had only died a few months since. 

Dodge, Ebenezer, D.D., LL.D., was born at 
Salem, Mass., April 21, 1819 ; graduated at Brown 
University, 1840 ; was principal of the Shelburne 
Falls Academy for two years ; graduated at New- 
ton Theological Seminary in 1845 ; was pastor in 
New London, N. H., from 1846 to 1853. Professor 
of Biblical Criticism in Hamilton Theological Semi- 
nary, and Professor of the Evidences of Christianity 
in Madison University, from 1853 to 1861. Since 
1861 he has been Professor of Christian Theolog}^ 
Since 1868 he has been president of the Madison 
University, and Professor of Metaphysics, and since 
1871 president of Hamilton Theological Seminary. 

Dr. Dodge spent fifteen months in theological 
studies in Europe, in 1858-59 ; was called to tlie 
chair of Ecclesiastical History at Rochester Theo- 
logical Seminary, and also to the same chair at 
Newton Theological Seminary, and in 1868 he was 
invited to the professorship of Christian Theology 
at Newton. 

He has published several reviews of a very high 



DODGE 



340 



DODSON 



order, among which may be noted one on the Ger- 
man school of theology. His work on the " Evi- 
dences of Christianity" has great and permanent 
value, in its method and its governing idea, that 




EBENEZER DODGE, D.D., LL.D. 

Christianity is its own best witness. His " Theo- 
logical Lectures," published for the benefit of his 
students, are the result of the ripest scholarship, 
and reveal not only advanced theological study, but 
disclose a heart in deep sympathy with the spirit 
of the Word of God. These lectures are highly 
prized by those who have been his students. They 
are receiving constant revision and additions, — at 
present in the direction of the constitution of the 
Christian church and Christian ethics. It is hoped 
that the volume will be ultimately in the hands of 
the general public. 

Dodge, Hon. George H., was bo™ in Hampton 
Falls, N. II., Aug. 4, 1804. Both his parents were 
devout members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Dodge, 
as he grew up to manhood, merited and received 
not a few honors from his fellow-citizens. Wlien 
but a little more than thirty years of age he was 
chosen for two years to represent his native town in 
the State Legislature, and later he was elected a 
member of the State senate. In 1850 he was 
chosen a member of the convention for revising the 
constitution of the State. In the deliberations of 
this body he took an active part. For four years 
he was president of the Manchester and Lawrence 
Railroad. His life was one of great business activity. 
When about thirty years of age, he was baptized by 
his brother, Rev. C. A. Dodge, and from the time of 



his public profession to his death he was a faithful 
member of the church, laboring in many ways to 
promote its prosperity. He died at Hampton Falls, 
Feb. 14, 1862. 

Dodge, E,ev. Oliver, was born at Hampton 
Falls, N. H., May 18, 1813. He entered Water- 
ville College in 1829, graduating in 1833. While 
a member of college he was baptized by Dr. Chaplin. 
He studied theology at Newton, and then was or- 
dained pastor of the church in Lexington, Mass., 
Jan. 7, 1835, when he was not quite twentj'-two 
years of age. His pastoral life was a compara- 
tively short one, — a little more than five years. He 
died May 22, 1840. He had gained a strong hold 
on the affections of his own people, and was greatly 
respected in the community in which he lived. His 
death, in the very morning of his ministerial life, 
was a sad blow to his church. 

Dodge, Orrin, D.D. — This veteran district sec- 
retary of the American Baptist Missionary Union 
for the State of New York was born in Litchfield 
Co., Conn., in 1803. He was religiously educated 
in the Episcopal Church, and received its baptismal 
rites at the hands of Bishop Griswold, of Connec- 
ticut. He removed to Central New York in 1815. 
The days of his boyhood alternated between the farm 
and the school-room, in the latter of which he be- 
came a teacher at seventeen years of age, and fol- 
lowed that calling for nine years. Subsequently 
he spent three years in a public position at West 
Troy, N. Y., after which he went into mercantile 
business for a few years. 

He was converted in 1831, and the same year he 
was baptized by Rev. Ashley Vaughn, and in 
1833 he was licensed by the church in West Troy 
to preach the gospel. In May, 1834, he was or- 
dained at Sand Lake Baptist church, east of Troy, 
where he served as pastor for three years. His 
next pastorates were at Maysville nine years, West 
Troy two years, and Ballston two years. In the 
year 1848 he was appointed collecting secretary for 
missions for the New York State Convention. He 
developed rare qualities for such a service, and at 
the expiration often months he was chosen by the 
board of the American Baptist Missionary Union as 
their agent for collecting funds for foreign missions. 
This service he has performed to this date (1879) 
with uncommon zeal, ability, and success; his 
fervid eloquence, and his absorbing sympathy with 
the missionaries, securing for him a hearty welcome 
among the churches. 

Dodson, Rev. Elias. — No man is better known 
in North Carolina than Elias Dodson. He was 
born in Halifax Co., Ya., Oct. 27, 1807 ; was con- 
verted under the preaching of Rev. John Kerr, and 
baptized by Wm. Blair, May 3, 1832 ; attended 
Richmond Institute, but graduated at William and 
Mary College, July 4, 1838, and was ordained in 



DOB SON 



341 



DONATISTS 



the Third church, Richmond, Va., September, 
1838. Most of his life has been spent in North 
Carolina, in the work of an agent for some good 
cause, or as a missionary. Mr. Dodson has many 
peculiarities, but perhaps the greatest of these is 
his special consecration to the cause of his Master. 
He writes often and briefly for the press, and is 
remarkable for his memory. Not many better men 
live than Elias Dodson. 

Dodson, Rev. Obadiah, an early preacher in 
Louisiana, and author of a useful book, entitled 
"Fifteen Reasons for the Proper Training of Chil- 
dren," was a native of Tennessee. He was em- 
ployed for several years as a missionary by the 
Louisiana Baptist Convention. Died in 1854. 

Donatists, The. — In North Africa, during the 
fierce persecution of Dioclesian, many Christians 
courted a violent death. These persons, without 
the accusation, would confess to the possession of 
the Holy Scriptures, and on their refusal to sur- 
render them, they were immediately imprisoned 
and frequently executed. While they were in con- 
finement they were visited by throngs of disciples, 
who bestowed upon them valuable gifts and showed 
them the highest honor. 

Mensurius, bishop of Carthage, disapproved of 
all voluntary martyrdom, and took steps to hinder 
such bloodshed. And if he had gone no farther in 
this direction he would have deserved the commen- 
dation of all good men. But by zealous Christians 
in North Africa he was regarded as unfriendly to 
compulsory martyrdom, and to the manifestations 
of tender regard shown to the victims of tyrannj"-. 
And by some he was supposed to be capable of a 
gross deception to preserve his own life, or to secure 
the safety of his friends. When a church at Car- 
thage was about to be searched for copies of the 
Bible, he had them concealed in a safe place, and 
the writings of heretics substituted for them. This 
removal was an act of Christian faithfulness, but 
the works which he put in the church in their 
stead were apparently intended to deceive the 
heathen officers. Mensurius seems to us to have 
been too prudent a man for a Christian bishop in 
the harsh times in which he lived. In his own day 
his conduct ci-eated a most unfavorable opinion of 
his religious courage and faithfulness among mul- 
titudes of the Saviour's servants in his country. 
Secundus, primate of Numidia, wrote to Mensu- 
rius, giving utterance to censures about his conduct, 
and glorifying the men who perished rather than 
surrender their Bibles. Csecilian was the arch- 
deacon of the bishop of Carthage, and was known 
to enjoy his confidence and share his opinions. 

Mensurius, returning from a visit to Rome, be- 
came ill, and died in the year 311. Csecilian was 
appointed his successor, and immediately the whole 
opposition of the enemies of his predecessor was 



directed to him. In his own city a rich widow of 
great influence, and her numerous friends, assailed 
him; a synod of seventy Numidian bishops ex- 
communicated him for receiving ordination from a 
traditor (one who had delivered up the Bible to be 
burned to save his life) ; and another bishop was 
elected to take charge of the church of Carthage. 
The Donatist community was then launched upon 
the sea of its stormy life. 

Bishop Donatus, after whom the new denomina- 
tion was named, was a man of great eloquence, as 
unbending as Martin Luther, as fiery as the great 
Scotch Reformer, whose principles were dearer to 
him than life, and who was governed by unwearied 
energy. Under his guidance the Donatists spread 
all over the Roman dominions on the African coast, 
and for a time threatened the supremacy of the 
older Christian community. But persecution laid 
its heavy hand upon their personal liberty, their 
church property, and their lives. Again and again 
this old and crushing argument was applied to the 
Donatists, and still they survived for centuries. 
Their hardships secured the sympathy of numerous 
bands of armed marauders called Circuracelliones, 
men who suffered severely from the authorities 
sustained by the persecuting church, "free lance" 
warriors who cared nothing for religion, but had a 
wholesome hatred of tyrants. These men fought 
desperately for the oppressed Donatists. Julian 
the Apostate took their side when he ascended the 
throne of the Caesars, and showed much interest in 
their welfare, as unbelievers in modern times have 
frequently shown sympathy with persecuted com- 
munities in Christian lands. 

There were a few Donatist churches outside of 
Africa, but the denomination was almost confined 
to that continent. They suffered less from the 
Vandals than their former oppressors, but the power 
of these conquerors was very injurious to them; 
and the victorious Saracens destroyed the remaining 
churches of this grand old conimunity. 

The Donatists' were determined to have only 
godly members in their churches. In this particu- 
lar they were immeasurably superior to the Church 
Universal (Catholic), even as represented by the 
great Augustine of Hippo. Their teaching>j on this 
question are in perfect harmony with our own. 
They regarded the Church Universal as having for- 
feited her Christian character by her inconsisten- 
cies and iniquities, and they refused to recognize 
her ordinances and her ministry. Hence they gave 
the triple immersion a second time to those who 
had received it in the great corrupt church. Their 
government was not episcopal in the modern sense. 
Mosheim is right in representing them as having at 
one time 400 bishops. The Roman population on the 
North African coast would not have required twenty 
diocesan bishops to care for their spiritual wants. 



DONATISTS 



DOOLITTLE 



Every town, in all probability, had its bishop, and 
if there were two or more congregations, these 
formed but one church, -whose services were in 
charge of one minister and his assistants. These 
church leaders were largely under the control of 
the people to whom they ministered. The Donatists 
held boldly the doctrine that the church and the 
state were entirely distinct bodies. Early in their 
denominational life, Constantine the Great, for the 
first time in earthly history, had united the church 
to the Roman government, and speedily the Dona- 
tists arose to denounce the union as unhallowed, 
and as forbidden by the highest authority in the 
Christian Church. No Baptist in modern times 
brands the accursed union between church and 
state with more appropriate condemnations than 
did his ancient Donatist bi'other. Their faith on 
this question is well expressed in their familiar 
saying, " What has the emperor to do with the 
church?" Soul liberty lived in their day. 

It is extremely probable that they did not prac- 
tise the baptism of unconscious babes, — at least in 
the early part of their history. It is often urged 
that Augustine, their bitter enemy, would not fail 
to bring this charge against them if they had re- 
jected his favorite rite. His works now extant do 
not directly bring such an accusation against them, 
and it is concluded that they followed his own 
usage. This argument would have great weight if 
it were proved that all the Catholics of Africa bap- 
tized unconscious babes. But there is no evidence 
of such universal observance. Outside of Africa, 
in the fourth century, the baptism of an uncon- 
scious babe was a rare occurrence. Though born 
in it of pious parents, Augustine himself was not 
baptized till he was thirty-three years of age. His 
works are bristling with weapons to defend infant 
baptism ; they are the arsenal from which its modern 
defenders have procured their most effective arms, 
and if the custom had been universally accepted, 
he would have seen no cause to keep up such a 
warfare in its defense. The frequency with which 
Augustine treats of infant baptism is striking evi- 
dence that its observance in his day and country 
was often called in question, and that had he di- 
rectly pointed out this defect in the observances of 
the Donatists he would have been quickly reminded 
that he had better remove the opposition to infant 
baptism from his own people before he assailed it 
among the Donatists. This fact would account for 
the supposed silence of Augustine on this question. 
The second canon of the Council of Carthage, 
where the principles of Augustine were .supreme, 
" Declares an anathema against such as deny that 
children ought to be baptized as soon as they are 
born." (Du Pin, i. 635. Dublin.) If this curse 
is against the Donatists, it shows that they did not 
practise the infant rite ; if it is against other Afri- 



cans, it gives a good reason why Augustine should 
be cautious in bringing charges against the Dona- 
tists on this account. Augustine wrote a work 
"On Baptism, Against the Donatists," in which, 
speaking of infant baptism, he says, " And if any 
one seek divine authority in this matter, although, 
what the whole church holds, not as instituted by 
councils, but as a thing always observed, is rightly 
held to have been handed down by apostolical au- 
thority." (Et si quisquam in hac re auctoritatem 
divinam quaeret.— Patrol. Lat., vol. xlii. p. 174, 
Migne. Parisiis.) This book is expressly written 
against the views of baptism held by the Donatists ; 
it was designed to correct their errors on that sub- 
ject. And he clearly admits that some of them 
doubted the divine authority of infant baptism, and 
he proceeds to establish it by an argument from 
circumcision. Augustine was a powerful contro- 
vei-sialist; to have charged the Donatists directly 
with heresy for rejecting infiint baptism would 
have been an accusation against many in his own 
church, and he prudently assails his enemies on 
this point, as if only some of them regarded infant 
baptism as a mere human invention ; and he boast- 
fully and ignorantly, or falsely, speaks of it as al- 
ways observed by the whole church, while one of 
his own African councils pronounces a curse upon 
those who "denied that children ought to be bap- 
tized as soon as they are born." 

Doolittle, Hon. James E., LL.D.— Judge Doo- 
little was born in Salem, Washington Co., N. Y., 
Jan. 2, 1815, and was educated at Geneva College, 
in Western New York, graduating in the year 
1834. Entering the legal profession, he practised 
law for several years at Rochester and Warsaw, 
serving at one period for some years as district 
attorney for Wyoming County, and also, at one 
time, under the old militia regime, as colonel of a 
regiment. Removing to Racine, Wis.,. in 1851, he 
was, two years after, elected to the bench, as judge 
of the first circuit. This he resigned in 1856, re- 
suming the practice of law, and in January, 1857, 
he was elected to the United States Senate, and re- 
elected in 1863. At the end of his second term, in 
1869, he retired from public life, and has since de- 
voted himself to the practice of his profession at 
Chicago, his residence remaining at Racine. Judge 
Doolittle became a member of the Baptist Chui-ch 
early in life, and has, amidst all the vicissitudes 
of an active and varied public career, borne himself 
as a consistent Christian and a Baptist loyal to his 
convictions. He has been a trustee of the univer- 
sity at Chicago from the foundation of the institu- 
tion : one year he served as its president, and during 
a succession of years as a professor in its law 
school. In respect to public affairs he is a man of 
large views, and his career, in that regard, has 
been characterized to an unusual degree by abso- 



DOOM 



BOWLING 



lute personal integrity. In his own denomina- 
tion he is held in high honor and esteem, as one 
true to its principles, and adding lustre to its 
annals. 

Doom, Dr. Adam J., was bom in Hopkinsville, 
Ky.,May 13, 1813. At the age of sixteen he began 
the study of medicine at Nashville, Tenn., and be- 
came an eminent physician, and author of a medi- 
cal treatise, which, when ready for the press, was 
accidentally destroyed by fire. In 1832 he was im- 
mersed. In 1834 he moved to Iowa, near Burling- 
ton ; helped to organize a church ; was active in re- 
ligion, and, owing to the scarcity of preachers, was 
gradually led into the ministry ; ordained in 1843, 
and immersed 26 converts on the day of his ordina- 
tion. He helped to organize many churches and the 
first Association in Western Missouri, Eastern Iowa, 
and Nebraska, and after his removal to California, in 
1859, was a leading citizen at Loyalton ; its post- 
master for eleven years ; organized the church there ; 
built its meeting-house, at a cost to himself of 
nearly $2000; finally located at Biggs' Station; 
gave much time to missionary work for new and 
poor churches, until 1877, when, aged and almost 
blind, he ceased active labor, waiting in the home 
of his children, and in the love of the churches, the 
Master's bidding to " come up higher." Dr. Doom 
is still one of the wise counselors and liberal sup- 
porters of Baptist interests in the Sacramento River 
Association, California. 

Douglas, Hon. Stephen A.— Although Mr. 
Douglas was not himself a Baptist, yet his service 
to the denomination in the gift of a site for the 
University of Chicago, and his regard for it, for 
the sake of his first wife, who was a Christian lady 
and an earnest Baptist, make it suitable that he 
should have a brief record here. A native of Ver- 
mont, boi-n at Brandon in that State in 1813, he 
received simply an academical education at Bran- 
don and at Canandaigua, N. Y. Entering the legal 
profession, he removed to Illinois in 1834, estab- 
lishing himself first at Jacksonville and afterwards 
at Chicago. His rise in his profession and in pub- 
lic life Avas remarkably rapid, in 1841 being chosen 
a judge of the Supreme Court of Illinois, in 1843 
a Representative in Congress, in 1847 a United 
States Senator, which place he held until his death 
in 1861. The incidents of his career belong to the 
political history of this country, and cannot be de- 
tailed here. His gift to the denomination of ten 
acres of land for the site of a university is more 
particularly mentioned elsewhere. The terms of 
the donation were such as to enhance its value, 
securing the property to the denomination for the 
purpose named, and at the same time placing the 
institution in a position to command the support 
of intelligent friends of education of all religious 
views. The first wife of Senator Douglas was Miss 



Martin, of North Carolina, a most estimable lady, 
and mother of the two sons who survive as the only 
children of Judge Douglas. 

Douglas, Rev. William, was born in Scotland, 
Dec. 25, 1812. He was a graduate of Brown Uni- 
versity in the class of 1839. He spent one year at 
the Newton Theological Institution, — 1839-40. He 
was ordained in Providence, Jan. 8, 1850. For 
eighteen years he was a city missionary in Provi- 
dence, and has been chaplain of the Rhode Island 
State Prison for thirty-eight years. Since 1864, 
Mr. Douglas has been the registrar of Brown Uni- 
versity. 

Dowd, Rev. Patrick W., was born in 1799 ; 
was baptized into the fellowship of Friendship 
church by the elder Dr. W. T. Brantly ; grad- 
uated at Columbian College, D. C, during Dr. 
Stoughton's administration, and was ordained as 
pastor of the Raleigh Baptist church, N. C, by 
Revs. Robert T. Daniel and Thomas Crocker. He 
was at one time pastor of the church in Tarborough, 
but the most of his pastoral labor was performed in 
the limits of the Raleigh Association, of which 
body he was for many years the moderator. He 
baptized Dr. AVilliam Hooper into the fellowship 
of Mount Carmel church in 1831. He was one of 
the founders of the Baptist State Convention, and 
the first president of that body. He died Aug. 28, 
1866, and lies buried in the yard of Mount Pisgah 
church, of which he M'as pastor for twenty-seven 
years. 

Dowd, Gen. "Willis D., for many years moder- 
ator of the Sandy Creek Association, N. C, was 
born Oct. 25, 1805. Two of his brothers, Wil- 
liam and Patrick W., were Baptist ministers, and 
he was an active and zealous Christian. For 
fifteen years he was chairman of the court of his 
county ; was a member of the Legislature of his 
State in 1830, and was in the State senate in 1860. 
In 1875 he was chosen a member of the State Con- 
vention. He died April 10, 1879. 

Dowling, Rev. George Thomas, was bom in 

New York City, June 2, 1849; son of Rev. -John 
Dowling, D.D. ; converted at the age of thirteen, 
and baptized by his father; left the College of the 
City of New York to enter business life, but after 
two years consecrated himself to the ministry, and 
pursued courses of study at Madison University 
and Crozer Theological Seminary. After a short 
pastorate at Fellowship, N. -J., in November, 1871, 
took charge of the Third church, Providence, R. I. 
In September, 1873, became pastor of Central 
church, Syracuse, N. Y., where he remained fivft 
years. His pastorate was very successful, though 
darkened by a terrible accident, by which a number 
of people were killed through the falling of the 
church floor. In 1877 he became pastor of the 
Euclid Avenue church, Cleveland, 0., where he now 



BOWLING 



344 



BRAKE 



remains. Has published sermons, and devotes con- 
siderable time to lectures. His present pastorate 
has been attended with great prosperity. 

Dowling, John, D.D., was born at Pavensey, 
on the coast of Sussex, England, May 12, 1807. 
From the house in which Dr. Bowling was born 
may be seen the ivy-clad towers of Pavensey Castle, 
which was said to be an ancient ruin of Roman 
origin. Dr. Bowling's ancestors for generations 
were adherents of the Established Church of Eng- 
land. In early life he removed to London, and at 
the age of seventeen became a member of the Eagle 
Street Baptist church, whose pastor was the Rev. 
Joseph Ivimey, the historian of the English Bap- 
tists. In early youth he exhibited great fondness 
for books and literary pursuits. At nineteen he 
was tutor in the Latin language and literature in a 
classical institute in London, and at twenty-one he 
became instructor in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and 
French in Buckinghamshire Classical Institute. In 
1829 he established a classical boarding-school in 
Oxfordshire, a few miles from the city of Oxford, 
where he taught until 1832, when he embarked 
with his family for the United States. Soon after 
his arrival he settled with the Baptist church in 
Catskill, where he was ordained Nov. 14, 1832. In 
1834 he removed to Newport, R. I, and in August, 
1836, accepted a call to a church in New York wor- 
shiping in Gothic Masonic Hall. He also preached 
for two or three years as pastor of the Broadway 
church in Hope chapel, after which he went to 
Providence as pastor. In 1844 he first became pas- 
tor of the Berean church, in Bedford Street, New 
York, serving there eight years. In 1852 he ac- 
cepted a call to Philadelphia, but returned in 1856 
to the Berean church at their urgent and unanimous 
request. Here he continued to labor efficiently for 
twelve years. Afterwards he served the South 
church, Newark, N. J., and the South church of 
New York City. Dr. Bowling has been a prolific 
writer. In England he published three school- 
books which were in general use for many years. 
In this country he has published " The History of 
Romanism," of which some 30,000 copies have been 
published and sold; "Power of Illustration," 
" Nights and Mornings," " Indoor Offering," and 
numerous pamphlets and tracts. One of the latest, 
if not the last of his tracts, and a most valuable 
treatise for ministers of the gospel, is an essay read 
before the New York Baptist Pastors' Conference 
in the fixll of 1877, on " Humility as an Element 
of Ministerial Character." In 1846 he received 
the degree of B.D. from Transylvania University. 
For several years before his death Dr. Bowling, 
because of the infirmities of age, had no pastoral 
charge, but he preached in many pulpits of the city 
of New York of all evangelical denominations. No 
man was more cordially beloved than Br. Bowling. 



To a humble, generous, sympathetic spirit there 
was added a character of sterling and incorruptible 
integrity. His death occurred at Middletown, 
N. Y., July 4, 1878. 

Downer, Prof. John Rathbone, was born of 
an honored and long-lived ancestry in Zanesville, 
0., Bee. 6, 1821 ; converted under the preaching of 
Rev. George I. Miles, and baptized in 1840 ; grad- 
uated at Madison University in 1845, and in the 
last class of the theological seminary at Covington, 
Ky., in 1848. From 1848 to 1850 was pastor at 
Xenia, 0., when he settled with the Sandusky Street 
church, Alleghany City, Pa., where he remained 
three years. In .1853 was called to the chair of 
Rhetoric and English Literature in Granville Col- 
lege, 0., a position which he held with unswerving 
devotion and eminent success until 1866, when he 
resigned. His health having become broken, he 
removed to Kansas and Missouri, where he spent 
eight years, partly in business and partly in mis- 
sionary work. As a result of his efforts in this 
field, four churches were organized and three meet- 
ing-houses built. In 1875, with health atill broken, 
he came East, and took charge of the Ridley Park 
church, near Philadelphia, Pa. Here he rapidly 
and thoroughly regained his health, and was suc- 
cessful in every way. In 1879 he resigned this 
position, and has since been residing in Philadel- 
phia and doing general work. 

Prof. Bowner has spent the most of his mature 
life in the work of education, but has proved that 
he can be a successful pastor or executive officer as 
well as teacher. He has written considerably for 
the denominational papers, is in the prime of life, 
and is universally regarded as an energetic, con- 
secrated, and capable man. 

Downey, Rev. Francis. — This veteran preacher 
is now the oldest Baptist minister in Western Penn- 
sylvania. He has entered his ninety-second year, 
and closes life surrounded by many comforts on his 
farm near Garrard's Fort, in Greene County. Mr. 
Bowney was an actor in the scenes that transpired 
when Alexander Campbell left the Baptists and 
founded the denomination called " Biscipies." He 
was also among the number who united to form the 
Monongahela Association. For many years, in the 
manhood of his strength, he traversed the country 
when rough roads and other difficulties would have 
cooled the zeal of many modern ministei-s. A 
crown awaits him when his work on earth is done. 

Dozier, Rev. John, of Uniontown, Ala. ; had 
some early advantages ; a good reasoner ; an elo- 
quent preacher ; holds a commanding influence 
among the colored Baptists who know him ; he is 
well read and thoroughly posted in the Scriptures. 

Drake, Rev. Jacob, was born in Connecticut, 
and removed from Windsor to Canaan, N. Y., in 
1769. He was then a Congregational minister. In 



DRAKE 



DUDLEY 



1770 he formed a church of that denomination in 
his new home and became its pastor. Some years 
later he adopted Baptist principles, and organized 
a church after the Apostolic model. Mr. Drake 
was a minister of unwearied labors, and in ten years 
his church numbered more than 500 members. 
Tlicse were sometimes widely separated. At one 
period his cliurch had eleven teachers and ruling 
elders, besides the pastor. The elders could ad- 
minister baptism and the Lord's Supper. Tlie 
church at Canaan establit<hed olhers in Great Bar- 
rinniton and Esiremont. AVarren's Bush, Coeyman's 
Patent, Duane's Bush, Rensselaerville, AVest Stock- 
bridge, and New Concord. Eight churches were 
the fruit of twelve years of the successful labor of 
Jacob Drake. In 1792 he removed to the Wyoming 
region of Pennsylvania, where God continued to 
giant rich blessings upon his ministry. 

Drake, Rev. Simeon J., was born in New York 
City, March 2, 1804. After studying at Columbia 
College he entered his father's store. At the age 
of seventeen tiiere was a marked change in his life. 
Six years later, while in business at New Bruns- 
wick, he was greatly moved under the preaching 
of Pvcv. G. S. Webb. In 1 83'2 he was baptized by Rev. 
Wm. Parkinson, and united with the First Baptist 
churcli, New York. In 1834 he was licensed, but 
continued in business. AVhen called to the pas- 
torate of the churcli at Rahway, N. J., the next 
year, it was a sacrifice to leave the bank of which 
he was an important officer for the meagre salary 
wliich a little church could give, but he did not 
hesitate. He was ordained in 1836. After serving 
the church for three years, during which the flock 
douhled its numbers, he was constrained by the call 
of the churcli and the providence of God to go to 
Plaiiitield, wliere his labors for nearly a quarter of 
a century were blessed to the conversion and edifi- 
cation of hundreds. His godly life, faithful preach- 
ing, and loving counsels will not soon be forgotten. 
Sunday morning, April 13, 1862, he died "in the 
midst of iiis brethren," after a short illness, be- 
loved, and faithful to the last. He was prominent 
in State work, being secretary of the Convention 
for five years. His previous business training was 
very useful to liim. The Baptists of New Jersey 
are greatly indebted to Mr. Drake for the efficiency 
of their benevolent enterprises and for the saintly 
example which he constantly set them. 

Dudley, Rev. Ambrose, a distinguished Baptist 

preacher among the pioneers of Kentucky, was 
born in Spottsylvania Co., Ya., in 1750. At the 
breaking out of tiie Revolutionary war he entered 
the army as captain. Wliile stationed at Williams- 
burg he was converted, and on returning home was 
ordained and became pastor of the church at Spott- 
sylvania. After preaching some years with much 
acceptance, he moved to Fayette Co., Ky., in 1786, 



and was immediately called to the pastoral care of 
Bryant's church. David's Fork church soon arose 
out of Bryant's, and called Mr. Dudley to its pas- 
torate. His ministry at both of these churches was 
attended with extraordinary success. During the 
great revival of 1800-3, Bryant's church received 
421 members. Mr. Dudley frequently acted as 
moderator of Elkhorn Association, and also of 
Licking Association. After a long life of great 
usefulness he died in 1825, leaving behind him 
eleven sons, three daughters, and nearly one hun- 
dred grandchildren. Among his sons was Benjamin 
Winslow Dudley, one of the most distinguished 
surgeons in the United States. 

Dudley, Rev. John Hull, was a native of An- 
dover, Yt., where he was born Sept. 7, 1803 ; edu- 
cated at Madison University ; ordained as pastor of 
the Baptist church in Victory, N. Y., in 1832. He 
came to Wisconsin in 1844 to take the pastorate of 
the Baptist church in Delavan. He was settled at 
Victory, N. Y., four years ; at Sennett, N. Y., five 
years; at Arcadia, N. Y., two years; at Delavan, 
Wis., five years ; and at Sugar Creek, Wis., thir- 
teen years. He died at his home in Delavan, Feb. 
7, 1868. He was a successful minister of Jesus 
Christ, and belongs to the class of pioneer and 
itinerant workers who laid the foundations in the 
early history of the State. He was the warm friend 
of education, and labored faithfully in connection 
with its early movements in Wisconsin. He was 
also the friend of missions and of temperance, and 
of human freedom. He died very suddenly, in the 
midst of his family, in the triumphs of the gospel 
he had so long proclaimed to others, at the age of 
sixty-five years. 

Dudley, Richard M., D.D., is a great-grandson 
of Rev. Ambrose Dudley, a famous pioneer preacher 
of Kentucky, and the head of one of the most illus- 
trious families of the State. He was born in Mad- 
ison Co., Ky., Sept. 1, 1838. He entered George- 
town College in 1856, with a view to preparing 
himself for the practice of law. In 1857 he was 
converted to Christ, and united with the Baptist 
church at Georgetown. Being impressed with a 
sense of duty to preach the gospel, he abandoned 
his purpose of becoming a lawyer, and prosecuted 
his studies with a view to the ministry. He grad- 
uated at Georgetown College in 1860. Having 
been ordained to the ministry, he accepted the pas- 
torate of East Baptist church, in Louisville, in the 
spring of 1861. In 1865 his voice failed, and he 
took editorial charge of the Western Recorder, a 
weeklv Baptist paper published in Louisville, and 
soon afterwards purchased the paper. In 1871 he 
sold the Recorder, and moved to Fayette County, 
and became pastor of David's Fork church. Next 
year he accepted a professorship in Georgetown 
College, still continuing his pastoral relation. In 



DUDLEY 



DUNBAR 



1877 he resigned his professorship, and gave him- 
self entirely to the work of a pastor. In 1878 he 
took charge of the church at Georgetown. In 
1879 he was elected chairman of the faculty of 
Georgetown College, and in June, 1880, was elected 
president of that institution. He is yet a young 
man, possessing good attainments, fine energy and 
zeal, and a varied experience, and will be likely to 
infuse new life into the college. 

Dudley, Rev. Thomas Parker, son of Rev. 

Ambrose Dudley, is the most distinguished preacher 
among the Baptists of Kentucky. He was born in 
Fayette Co., Ky., May 31, 1792. In 1812 he en- 
tered the army, was made commissary of the 
Northwestern troops, participating in the battles of 
French town and the River Raisin ; in the latter was 
wounded in the shoulder ; taken prisoner by the 
Indians and carried to Deti-oit. In the fall of 1814 
he was made quartermaster of a detachment which 
reinforced Gen. Jackson at the battle of New Or- 
leans, and the same year was appointed quarter- 
master-general of Kentucky. From 1816 until 
1824 he was cashier of a branch of the old Bank 
of Kentucky, located at Winchestei-, and for several 
years afterwards was engaged in settling up the 
business of these branch banks. He succeeded his 
father in the pastorate of Bryant's church in 1825. 
Of this church he has now (1880) been pastor fifty- 
five years, and of three other churches almost as 
long, and he has also been moderator of Licking 
Association forty-seven years. He resides in Lex- 
ington, Ky. 

Dulin, E. S., D.D., LL.D., was born in Fair- 
f\ix Co., Va., Jan. 18, 1821. His father died in 
Washington in 1823, and left his son when nine 
years of age. He was blessed with a Christian 
mother and with the grace of God, and he was con- 
verted and baptized in 1839. He entered Richmond 
College in 1841, and passed through a full course. 
After graduation he was Professor of Languages in 
Hollins Institute, Va. He spent a year in special 
study at the University of Virginia ; was ordained 
in Baltimore in 1848, and in 1849 became pastor 
at Lexington, Mo. ; was a member of the Conven- 
tion which located William Jewell College, of 
M'hich he was elected president the following Oc- 
tober. In 1856 he was recalled to the Lexington 
church, and he accepted also the presidency of the 
Female College located there. In 1858 he became 
pastor of the church at Kansas City, and in 1859 
of the Baptist church in St. Joseph, Avhere he re- 
mained six years. After the war he reorganized 
the school at Lexington. He developed the plan 
for a Board of Ministerial Education for Missouri 
in connection with the college at Liberty. In 1870 
he founded the Female College at Columbia, and 
gave six years' hard work to it. In 1876 he re- 
moved to St. Joseph, and founded the Female Col- 



lege there. He has received the degrees of D.D. 
and LL.D. He enjoys the confidence and love of 
his denomination and of many outside of it. 

Dunaway, Thomas S., D.D., was born in Lan- 
caster Co., Va., Nov. 5, 1829. He was the son of 
Col. Thomas S. Dunaway, a prominent Baptist of 
his time. His mother was Felicia T. Hall, the sis- 
ter of Rev. Addison Hall, who veas the father of 
two missionaries to China, Mrs. Shuck and Mrs. 
Tobey. Dr. Dunaway was baptized into the fellow- 
ship of the Lebanon Baptist church by his uncle, 
the Rev. Addison Hall, in September, 1848. His 
father dying in 1843, just as he was about to send 
the subject of this sketch, with his brother, to col- 
lege, his education was afterwards completed at an 
academy of high grade in his own county. He 
continued for two years after 1850 to teach school ; 
and subsequently filled for several years the offi- 
ces of justice of the peace and county surveyor. 
During this period he determined to enter upon 
the study and practice of law, and to this end 
studied with Maj. Samuel Gresham, a prominent 
lawyer of the county. Just as he was ready to 
enter upon the labors of his profession his health 
failed, and for several years he continued quite 
feeble. In the mean time he recognized God's hand 
in his affliction, and he resolved to give himself 
wholly to the work of the Christian ministry. He 
was licensed by the Lebanon Baptist church in 
October, 1860, and immediately began to preach 
for the Lebanon and several other churches, in con- 
nection with their pastors. Hall and Kirk. He was 
ordained Nov. 23, 1862, still preaching without ac- 
cepting the pastoral care of any church, until Oc- 
tober, 1866, when he became pastor of the Fred- 
ericksburg church, Va. The honorary degree of 
D.D. was conferred upon him by Richmond Col- 
lege in 1877. Dr. Dunaway has been an occasional 
contributor to the public press, and has published 
" The Memoirs of Rev. A. Hall," an exceedingly 
interesting book, which has been well received by 
the public. No man stands higher in the esteem 
of his own community than Dr. Dunaway, and his 
labors in Fredericksburg have been greatly blessed 
in consolidating and strengthening the cause of the 
denomination. 

Dunbar, Rev. Duncan, was born in the north- 
ern Highlands of Scotland about the year 1791. 
The days of his childhood and early youth were 
spent among the scenes of his birth upon the banks 
of the Spey. The Highland costume and customs 
prevailed in this region in Mr. Dunbar's boyhood, 
and the old Gaelic was still the language of the 
household. At the age of nineteen his serious at- 
tention was directed to the concerns of his soul. 
After a period of several months, during which he 
was the subject of deep convictions, he obtained 
peace through the blood of the Lamb. After his 



DUNCAN 



347 



DUNCAN 



conversion he removed to Aberdeen and engaged 
in business, and shortly afterwards married Miss 
Christina Mitchei, a lady of a gentle, loving dis- 
postion, and of deep, earnest piety. For several 
years Mr. Dunbar remained in Aberdeen, active 
and zealous in the cause of Christ, and preaching 
as a layman when opportunity offered. In 1817 he 
removed to America, and settled in the province of 
New Brunswick. Though not yet ordained, he 
felt constrained to preach the gospel. His labors 
in this field were incessant, and characterized by 
the same zeal and love for souls that marked his 
life ministry. After his conversion for a consider- 
able period he was greatly exercised upon the 
Scriptural mode and subjects of baptism. At 
length his mind found rest in the adoption of be- 
liever's baptism, and he was immersed by the Rev. 
Mr. Griffis, of St. John, in the harbor of that city, 
Oct. 31, 1818. He was ordained at that time, or 
immediately after. Mr. Dunbar removed to the 
United States in Dece:nber, 1823, and became pastor 
of the Baptist church at Nobleborough, Me. June 
10, 1828, he accepted a call to the Vandam Street, 
subsequently called the McDougal Street, church. 
New York City. This settlement was the entrance 
into a great field of usefulness, and his pastorate 
with the McDougal Street church was the most im- 
portant ministerial work of his life. In 1844 he 
removed to South Boston. After a pastorate of 
two years he returned to his church in New York, 
and remained with them until 1850, when he ac- 
cepted a call to the Second church of Philadelphia. 
During his stay of two years with this church a 
large number of converts were added to it, many 
of whom lived to become useful and zealous Chris- 
tians. In August, 1853, Mr. Dunbar ministered to 
the church at Trenton, N. J. After a service of 
fifteen months he returned to his old home with the 
McDougal Street church, and remained until the 
close of his earthly ministry. 

As a man, Duncan Dunbar was remarkable for 
great kindness of heart, and manifested continually 
warm and practical sympathy for the distressed of 
every condition. As a preacher of the gospel he 
was energetic, earnest, and full of spiritual life. 
He was pre-eminently a man of prayer, and his 
long service in the ministry had abundant evidence 
of the blessing of God. He died July 28, 1864. 

Duncan, Hon. James Henry, was born in 
Haverhill, Mass., Dee. 5, 1793. The fortunes of 
his ancestors on both his father's and his mother's 
side were for generations identified with the his- 
tory of his native place. On his father's side he 
was of Scotch-Irish descent. The representatives of 
this race, who came from the famous Londonderry, 
in Ireland, were the worthy compeers of the early 
settlers of Plymouth. "In force of character," 
remarks the biographer of Mr. Duncan, "in zeal 



for religion, in previous preparation, in singleness 
of purpose, the Scotch-Irish were not inferior to 
the Pilgrims." The subject of this sketch was 
sent at eleven years of age to Phillips' Academy, 




HON. JAJIES HENRY DUNCAN. 

at Exeter, N. H., at the time the best classical 
school in New England, if not in the whole country. 
Among his fellow-students were men who have 
risen to great distinction in the different profes- 
sions which they followed. The names of Everett, 
Sparks, Buckminster, Palfrey, and Dix are among 
the most honored names in the annals of our coun- 
try. Young Duncan was fitted to enter Harvard 
College when he wns but fourteen years of age. 
He graduated in 1812, having passed through his 
course of study with credit to himself and honor 
to his friends. 

Soon after his graduation he commenced the 
study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1815, 
and opened an office in Haverhill, where for sev- 
eral years he devoted himself to the practice of his 
profession. The death of his father, in 1822, made 
it necessary for him to look after the affairs of his 
estate, and compelled him to withdraw from the 
active duties of his chosen calling. He took, how- 
ever, a deep interest in public affairs and in the 
fortunes of the political party with which he iden- 
tified himself. He was chosen a member of the 
House of Representatives and then a member of 
the senate of the Massachusetts Legislature. At 
different times during this period of his life he filled 
responsible places of trust and honor in his own 
State. In 1848 he was chosen by his district to 



DUNCAN 



348 



DUNCAN 



represent them in Congress, and was re-elected in 
1850. He exercised a commanding influence wher- 
ever he was called to act. The tribute of affection 
and respect which the poet Whittier paid to him 
after his decease makes honorable mention of him 
as a man in public life and in his social relations. 
" His Congressional career was a highly honorable 
one, marked by his characteristic soundness of 
judgment and conscientious faithfulness to a high 
ideal of duty. In private life as in public, he was 
habitually courteous and gentlemanly. For many 
years the leading man in his section, he held his 
place without ostentation, and . . . ' achieved 
greatness by not making himself great.' " 

But it is time to turn from the consideration of 
Mr. Duncan's character as a public man. He took 
the most lively interest in the cause of education, 
and in the great religious organizations of his own 
denomination. Brown University was especially 
dear to him. Mr. Duncan was a member of the 
Board of Fellows of Brown University from 1835 
till his death, a period which in many respects maj' 
be said to have been a " crisis period" in the history 
of the institution. It is* needless to say that his 
name and influence were a " tower of strength" in 
the councils of the corporation. It is thus that 
Dr. Sears speaks of him as he appeared at its an- 
nual meetings or in the larger gatherings of the 
representatives of the Missionary Union: "Long 
will men remember the impression made on these 
and similar occasions by this Christian gentleman 
and scholar, with his finely-cut features and sym- 
metrical form, his graceful and animated delivery, 
his chaste, beautiful, and musical language, his 
pertinent, clear, and convincing arguments, his un- 
flinching fidelity, and his spotless integrity. So 
blended in him were these various attributes of 
body and mind that we can think of them only in 
their union, and it would seem that a mind of deli- 
cate mould had formed for itself a bodily organ 
suited to its own purposes. In him we see how 
much Christianity can do for true culture, and how 
beautiful an ornament culture is to Cliristianity." 

Mr. Duncan was a sincere and earnest Baptist 
from his own honest, intelligent convictions, but 
like all Baptists he loved with a true Christian af- 
fection those who love the image of his Lord and 
Master of all denominations. He was forty years 
of age when he made an open avowal of his faith 
in Christ, but from the time of his public profes- 
sion to his death men knew where James H. Dun- 
can was to be found when the question was asked, 
"Is he or is he not on the Lord's side?" His love 
for his own church in Haverhill amounted almost 
to a passion. He lived for it and gave to it. He 
was sad when its spiritual life waned. He rejoiced 
when the signs of the presence of the converting 
and sanctifying spirit began to appear. To his 



pastors — and we include in them Drs. Hill, Train, 
Strong, and Bosworth — he was the confiding friend 
and the discreet counselor. " I can well remem- 
ber," says Dr. Strong, " how he used to drink in 
the truth when I myself preached in the spirit of 
it, and how every such divine influence seemed to 
reproduce itself in his family and public prayers. 
With much of variation in his moods, with many 
doubts and conflicts in liis inner life, it always gave 
strength and help to me to see how invariably prin- 
ciple and not feeling ruled him ; how constant and 
devout was his attendance on the worship of the 
church, both social and public; and how bound up 
he seemed to be in all the interests of the Zion of 
God." Happy the pastor who has in liis congre- 
gation even but one such man of whota things like 
these can truthfully be said! 

But the intei-est which Mr. Duncan felt in the 
promotion of the Redeemer's kingdom went beyond 
the church of Avhich he was a member. Every 
good cause had in him a friend. In this respect he 
resembled his fellow-laborer in " the kingdom and 
patience of the Lord Jesus," — Gov. Briggs. For 
many years he was a member of the Board of Man- 
agers of the American Baptist Missionary Union, 
and for several years its chairman. The cause of 
home missions and ministerial education, and the 
publication of a sound religious literature, found 
in him an earnest advocate. Indeed, he gave him- 
self with untiring zeal to all good objects by 
which humanity could be elevated and God be 
glorified. 

The wi-iter of this so imperfect sketch dares not 
trust himself in any attempt to lift tlie veil which 
shades from the public eye the domestic life of Mr. 
Duncan. Many times a recipient of his hospitality, 
and an eye-witness of what he was in the home 
circle, he can truly say that nowhere has he ever 
seen anything that came nearer to his ideal of 
Avhat the family life of a cultivated Christian gen- 
tleman should be. Having said thus much he need 
say no more, but leave the imagination of the reader 
to fill up the outlines of the picture. 

Having reached the age of seventy-five years, his 
strength not failing apparently, still fresh and 
strong, he was suddenly smitten with a malady 
which ended a useful and well-rounded life. After 
a brief illness, he died Sept. 8, 1809, and when he 
passed to his home in the skies a great void was 
made in his family, his church, and in the denomi- 
nation, which to this day has never been filled. 

Duncan, L. Alexander, a prominent layman 
and Sunday-school worker in Louisiana and Mis- 
sissippi, residing at Meridian, Miss., was born in 
New York City in 1829; in 1847 associated with 
his brother, W. C. Duncan, D.D., in the publication 
of the Southwestern Baptist Chronicle in New Or- 
leans ; continued in 1852 under the name of New 



DUNCAN 



DUNE G AN 



Orleans Baptist Chronicle; superintendent of the 
American Traot Society in the Southwest from 
1855 to 1861 ; published Bible Student at Memphis 
in 1878; subsequently agent of Ministerial Educa- 
tion Board of tiie Southwestern University ; at pres- 
ent engaged in secular business at Meridian, Miss. 

Duncan, Rev. Robert Samuel, was born in 
Lincoln Co., Mo., April 27, 1832. His father was 
a Baptist minister. His mother was Miss Harriet 
Kiiinard. They were natives of Virginia. Mr. 
Duncan was converted at nineteen, and he was or- 
dained in 1855 at Bethel church. He was fourteen 
years pastor of a country church, and a part of the 
time he was a missionary in Bear Creek Association. 
In 1869 he was appointed district secretary of the 
Southern Board for Missouri in the interests of 
foreign missions, and he still holds this position. 
He is the author of works entitled "The Primi- 
tive Baptists," "History of Sunday-Schools," and 
" The History of Missouri Baptists," soon to be 
issued. He lives in Montgomery City, Mo. He is 
of Scotch ancestry. He is one of the ablest men in 
our ministry in Missouri ; his services to the de- 
nomination have been invaluable, and his writings 
should be read by all Baptists. 

Bunean, Samuel White, D.D., son of Hon. 
James H. Duncan, was born at Haverhill, Mass., 
Dec. 19, 1838. At the age of twelve he was con- 
verted, and in August, 1851, was baptized by 
Rev. A. S. Train. His preparatory studies were 
pursued at Kimball Union Academy near Dart- 
mouth College, N. H. In 1856 he entered Brown 
University, graduating with the honor of the Phil- 
osophical oration in 1860. After spending a year 
in travel, he entered in 1861 Newton Theological 
Seminary, but left in a little while to enter the 
U. S. army. Raising in two M'eeks a company in his 
native town, he became captain in the 50th Mass. 
Regiment, and served with honor in the army of 
Gen. Banks, then commanding the Department of 
the Gulf. Being mustered out with his regiment, 
he resumed his theological studies at Rochester 
Theological Seminary, graduating with the class of 
1866. 

Immediately after his graduation he was invited 
to supply for six montlis the Erie Street church of 
Cleveland, 0. This led to his engagement as pas- 
tor. He was ordained in April, 1867, and remained 
in Cleveland until 1875, when he became pastor of 
the Ninth Street church, Cincinnati. 0., a position 
which with great acceptance he continues to hold. 
One of the tangible results of his Cleveland work 
was the erection of a splendid new edifice on Euclid 
Avenue, to which the church removed and in which 
it now worships. 

Dr. Duncan in 1879 was elected president of the 
Ohio State Convention as the successor of Hon. J. 
M. Hoyt. The honorary degree of D.D. was con- 



ferred upon him by the University of Chicago in 
1878. He is a fine preacher, an earnest pastor, 
and is thoroughly interested in everything pertain- 
ing to the kingdom of Christ. 

Duncan, William Cecil, D.D., was born in New 
York City in 1824 ; graduated at Columbia College, 
1844: graduated at Madison University, 1846; 
went to New Orleans and engaged in publication 
of Southwestern Baptist Chronicle; succeeded Rev. 
I. T. Hinton as pastor of First Baptist church ; in 
1851 became Professor of Ancient Languages in 
the University of Louisiana; in 1853 pastor of 
Coliseum Place Baptist church. New Orleans ; died 
in 1864. Dr. Duncan is the author of a valuable 
work on baptism, and a translation of Von Rho- 
den's "John the Baptist," besides other minor 
works. 

Duncan, Col. Wm. H., was born and has al- 
ways lived in Barnwell Co., S. C. Having in early 
life lost his father, he w^as in some measure thrown 
upon his own resources. He took a clerkship in 
a store at Barnwell Court-House, in which he be- 
came a great favorite. In the war he soon received 
a colonel's commission. His health having tempo- 
rarily failed, and being unwilling to keep back 
others from promotion, he resigned. Having re- 
covered his health, he returned to the service as a 
private, and rapidly rose again to his former rank. 

After the war he studied law, and now holds a 
high position in the profession. He told the writer 
that he had never lost a case, simply because he 
would not take one till he was sure of its justice. 
He then frequently laid it before the court and 
submitted it without argument. 

But the chief trait of his character is his zeal for 
Sunday-schools. No other man in the State has 
delivered so many Sunday-school addresses. His 
matter, language, and manner give a charm to his 
lectures seldom equaled. Were there a layman in 
every county in the Union laboring with equal zeal, 
the influence for good would be incalculable. 

Dunegan, Rev. Jasper, a prominent minister 
in Northwest Arkansas, was born in North Georgia 
in 1825 ; removed to Arkansas in 1844 ; became a 
Baptist in 1845, and two years afterwards began to 
preach. By strong natural abilities he has acquired 
considerable local reputation as a pulpit orator and 
platform speaker. Through his instrumentality 
most of the churches north of Boston Mountain in 
the State have been planted or strengthened ; long 
moderator of Bentonville Association ; has served 
several terms in the General Assembly of the State, 
both in the lower house and the senate, during the 
most critical period since the war. For a number 
of years he was corresponding editor of the West- 
ern Baptist for the northwestern part of the State, 
to which he had been elected by several Associa- 
tions. 



DVNGAN 



DUNSTER 



Snngan, Rev. Thomas, was born in Ireland, 
and for some time he was a resident of Rhode 
Island, but in 1684, when advanced in years, he 
came into Pennsylvania. He settled three miles 
north of Bristol, at Cold Sprinj];, and there he con- 
stituted the first Baptist church in Pennsylvania, 
built a meeting-house, and secured a burial-place 
for the dead. In 1688, Mr. Dungan was enabled to 
guide Elias Keach, when distressed by guilt, to the 
Saviour. He baptized him, and he was sent forth 
a minister of Jesus from the Cold Sprini^ church. 
This was the most important event in the history 
of Mr. Dungan, or of his church, as will be seen by 
a reference to the memoir of Mr. Keach. He en- 
tered the heavenly rest in the year 1688 ; and be- 
fore 1692 it is nearly certain that the church had 
ceased to exist. In 1770 "nothing remained of 
the Cold Spring church" but a grave-yard and the 
names of families that belonged to it: the Dun- 
gans, Gardeners, Woods, Doyles. He had five sons 
and four daughters, whose descendants in 1770 
numbered between six and seven hundred persons. 
Mr. Dungan was the first Baptist minister in Penn- 
sylvania. He was buried in the grave-yard sur- 
rounding the church. Nothing belonging to his 
chui-ch edifice or cemetery now remains to mark a 
spot so full of interest to Pennsylvania Baptists, 
except some foundations which can be distinctly 
traced across and on one side of a road which passes 
by the celebrated Cold Spring. The church site 
is two miles from Tullytown, Bucks County, and 
about two rods from the pike leading to it, and the 
same distance from the toll-gate on the Tullytown 
road. Some of the stones employed to mark graves 
in the burying-ground are in possession of persons 
in the neighborhood. The father of the celebrated 
Dr. Benjamin Rush is said to have been interred 
in this beautiful ground. Elias Keach, whom Mr. 
Dungan baptized, established the Lower Dublin 
church, now the oldest Baptist community in 
Pennsylvania. 

Bunkards. — The word is a corruption of Tunk- 
ers, which signifies Dippers. (See German Bap- 
tists.) 

Dunn, L. A., D.D., was born in Bakersfield, 
Vt., June 12, 1814. In May, 1835, he went to 
Cambridge, Mass., and received private instruction 
in various branches. In May, 1838, he went to 
New Hampton, N. H., and devoted some attention 
to theology and to other branches of education, 
under the direction of Dr. E. B. Smith, Rev. J. 
Newton Brown, D.D., and Prof. Eaton. In 1841 
he left New Hampton and taught in Bakei-sfield, 
Vt. In 1842 he commenced preaching at Fairfax, 
Vt. ; was ordained in the October following, and 
remained pastor of that church twenty-nine years. 
He received the degree of D.D. from Hillsdale Col- 
lege, Mich. In 1861 he traveled through Europe, 



Egypt, and Palestine. On his return, under the 
direction of the Christian Commission, he visited 
the army three times. At the close of the war he 
was elected a member of the Vermont Legislature, 
and served three years. In 1869 he resigned his 
pastorate, having been elected president of the Cen- 
tral University of Iowa. In 1878 he made a second 
tour through Europe, Egypt, and Palestine, and 
since his return has published a work entitled 
"The Footprints of the Redeemer in the Holy 
Land." 

Dunster, President Henry, was born in Eng- 
land probably in 1612. When about twelve j^ears 
of age his attention was first called to the religion 
of Jesus. He was educated at the University of 
Cambridge, and he had among his fellow-students 
Ralph Cudworth, Jeremy Taylor, and John Milton. 
He was no doubt an Episcopal minister at first, and 
then a pious- Puritan. He arrived in Boston in 
1640. 

Four years previous to the coming of Dunster 
the General Court had appropriated four hundred 
pounds to establish a college at Cambridge. Mr. 
Dunster became president of this institution on the 
27th of August, 1640. 

The new president was the friend of God and of 
his truth; he was a generous contributor to every 
good cause. 

He was distinguished for his scholarly attain- 
ments in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. In his day 
he was one of the greatest masters of the Oriental 
languages throughout the colonies, and Quincy, 
in his " History of Harvard University," says, 
"Among the earlj' friends of the college none de- 
serves more distinct notice than Henry Dunster. 
He united in himself the character of both patron 
and president ; for, poor as be was, he contributed 
at a time of the utmost need one hundred acres of 
land towards its support, besides rendering it for a 
succession of years a series of official services well 
directed, unwearied, and altogether inestimable. 
The charter of 1642 was probably, and that of 1650 
was avowedly, obtained on his petition. By solici- 
tations among his friends and by personal sacrifices 
he built the president's house. He was instant in 
season and out of season with the General Court 
for the relief of the college in its extreme want." 
But Dunster was powerfully afi"ected by the impris- 
onment of Messrs. Clarke, Holmes, and Crandiil 
at Boston for worshiping God as Baptists without 
leave from the ruling powers; and after a full ex- 
amination of the baptismal question, the first pres- 
ident of Harvard, a man of extraordinary learning, 
became a Baptist, and like a Christian man, de- 
spising financial losses and stripes and imprison- 
ment, he boldly preached against infant sprinkling 
in the chui'ch at Cambridge, to the great indigna- 
tion of its friends there and elsewhere. This sealed 



DURFEE 



DURFEE 



his career as president of Harvard. His years of 
service, marked by a success that created astonish- 
ment and gratitude, were quickly forgotten when, 
as Cotton Mather said, " he fell into the briers of 
anti-pedobaptism." 

Quincy says, " Indicted by the grand jury for 
disturbing the ordinance of infant baptism in the 
Cambridge church, sentenced to a public admoni- 
tion, and laid under bonds for good behavior, Diin- 
ster's martyrdom was consummated by being com- 
pelled to resign his office of president." " He 
found the seminary a school, it rose under his au- 
spices to the dignity of a college. No man ever 
questioned his talents, learning, exemplary fidelity, 
and usefulness." Dunster deserves all this from 
the historian of Harvard. He was as noble a ser- 
vant as ever followed Christ in times when truth 
demanded painful sacrifices. It is singular that 
such a man should become a Baptist. Brought up 
under other influences, having everything earthly 
to lose and nothing to gain, a profound scholar 
capable of weighing the merits of the controversy, 
nothing but the force of truth can account for his 
adoption of our sentiments. Like Alexander Car- 
son, Adoniram Judson, Baptist W. Noel, and many 
others of culture and intellect, a tender conscience 
and the power of truth alone can account for the 
change. He died Feb. 27, 1659, and entered into 
that world where both the wicked and the godly 
cease from troubling and the weary are at rest. 

Durfee, Job, Chief Justice, was elected a mem- 
ber of the corporation of Brown University to fill 
a Baptist vacancy. As the charter requires that 
persons so elected shall be Baptists, we take it for 
granted that he was a Baptist in sentiment. He 
was born in Tiverton, R. I., Sept. 20, 1790. His 
early days were spent upon his father's farm. 
When but quite a youth he began to develop those 
mental powers which afterwards gained him so 
much distinction in his native State. He entered 
Brown University in 1809. Dr. Messer was presi- 
dent of the college at the time. It is an indication 
of the position he held, that near the close of his 
college course Mr. Durfee pi-epared and delivered 
a Fourth of July oration to his fellow-citizens, 
which was so well received that a copy was re- 
quested for publication. He graduated among the 
foremost scholars of his class, "respected," says 
his son, "among his classmates for his vigorous 
powers of reason and imagination." 

Mr. Durfee studied law, at the same time de- 
voting himself to literary pursuits and cultivating 
his talent for poetry. He represented his native 
place in the State Legislature for six years, where 
he soon took the high position to which his abilities 
entitled him as an able debater and an accomplished 
legislator. From the representation of his State at 
home he passed to the House of Representatives 



at "Washington, where he acquitted himself with 
distinction. He seems, however, to have become 
disgusted with Congressional life. At any rate, he 
would, with the independence of a citizen of the 
State of Rhode Island, whose best legacy was the 
spirit and honest freedom of its distinguished 
founder, speak out his own mind. Unfortunately, 
perhaps he may have thought fortunately for him- 
self, his sentiments did not quite please his con- 
stituents, and he was defeated in the attempt to 
re-elect him. It was a relief from the excitements 
of political life to retire to his quiet farm, and amid 
the graver pursuits to which his attention was di- 
rected to woo his muse and indulge his poetic 
fancies, to the amusement and delight of his ad- 
miring friends. It was at this period of life that 
he laid the plan, and in due time carried it into ex- 
ecution, of writing a poem which should rehearse 
the fortunes of Roger Williams, for whose character 
he had the most profound regard. When the poem, 
to which he gave the title " What Cheer?" was 
completed, his modesty led him to conclude that it 
was not worthy of publication, "but," as his biog- 
rapher remarks, "some lurking vanity of author- 
ship — the hope to contribute 'something to the 
permanence of a genuine Rhode Island feeling' — 
or the praises of his friends overcame his modesty, 
and in 1832 a small edition was published by sub- 
scription." Its reception at home was anything 
but flattering to its author, but its merits were 
heartily recognized abroad, and that prince of re- 
viewers, John Foster, was lavish in his praise of 
the production of the Rhode Island poet. 

Mr. Durfee was appointed associate justice of the 
Supreme Court of the State in 1833, and two years 
after was made chief justice. It was while he was 
on the bench that Rhode Island passed through one 
of the great crises of its history. We refer to what 
is known as the " Dorr Rebellion." Judge Durfee 
was the firm friend of what he believed to be " law 
and order." He found time amid the pressure of 
other duties to prepare several valuable works, 
which were published. While engaged in his pro- 
fessional and literary work he was smitten down 
with disease, which ended his life July 26, 1847. 

Durfee, Hon. Thomas, eldest son of Judge Job 
Durfee, was born in Tiverton, R. I., Feb. 6, 1826, 
and was a graduate of Brown University in the 
class of 1846. He was admitted to the bar in 1848, 
and in 1849 was appointed reporter of the decisions 
of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island, which office 
he held for four years. From 1854 to 1860, he 
served in the court of magistrates of the city of 
Providence, being for five years of this time the 
presiding magistrate. He was Speaker of the House 
of Representatives in 1863 and 1864. In 1865 he 
was chosen a State senator, and in June of this 
year was elected associate judge of the Supreme 



DURHAM 



DU VEIL 



Court of the State, which office he held until Jan- 
uary 28, 1875, when he was chosen chief justice, 
which position he now (1880) holds. Judge Dur- 
fee, besides his valuable reports, has prepared 
jointly with Joseph K. Angell, Esq., a treatise on 
the law of highways, which was published in 1857. 




HON. THOMAS DURFEE. 

In 1872 he published a volume of poems. He is a 
member of the corporation of Brown University, 
of which he was chosen the chancellor in 1879, on 
the decease of the late Hon. B. F. Thomas. Judge 
Durfee is a regular attendant upon the worship of 
the First Baptist church, and identifies himself 
with the interests of that society. 

Durham, Rev. C, was born in Rutherford Co., 
N. C, April 28, 1844. His mother was the sister 
of ex-Gov. Baxter, of Arkansas, and Judge John 
Baxter, of Tennessee. Mr. Durham was baptized 
in September, 1860; entered the army in April, 
1861 ; was wounded four times; though but a boy, 
was blessed in conducting prayer-meetings in- the 
army ; was received by the Board of Education as 
a student at Wake Forest in 1867 ; graduated in 
1871 ; was pastor in Goldsborough from August, 
1871, to January, 1876, during which time tlie 
meinljership of the church more than doubled, an 
old debt was paid, and a pastor's study and par- 
sonage were built ; settled in Durham in 1876, 
■where by his labors the church has been greatly 
strengthened, a new and beautiful house of worship 
has been built, also a parsonage. Mr. Durham has 
preached in twenty-five counties in North Carolina 
and three in South Carolina, and iias baptized over 



300 persons. He is a trustee of Wake Forest Col- 
lege. 

Dutch Baptists in England.— About the seven- 
teenth year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth a con- 
gregation of Dutch Baptists was found, without 
Aldgate, in London, twenty-seven of whom were 
cast into prison, and two of them were given to the 
flames. Fox, the author of the " Book of Mar- 
tyrs," made an earnest appeal to Queen Elizabeth 
for these humble and harmless servants of the Sa- 
viour, but her majesty would not listen to the voice 
of mercy. This wicked event occurred in 1575. 

Duval, Edmund Hillyer, was born in London 
in 1805 ; converted young, was baptized by Rev. 
J. Howard Hinton ; was teacher and inspector of 
schools in England; came to New Brunswick in 
1847; and as principal of the Normal School of St. 
John, and inspector of schools, Mr. Duval served the 
cause of education in New Brunswick well for thirty 
years. 

Du Veil, Charles M., D.D., was trained from 
childhood in the Hebrew faith. His parents were 
evidently persons of intelligence and of ample 
financial resources, since they gave their son a 
thorough education. 

Du Veil had a special taste for investigating 
every subject brought to his attention. It made no 
difference to him what others thought, even though 
they had been famous for learning, and united to 
him by the tenderest ties, he must examine every- 
thing for himself. A careful study of the prophets 
convinced him that Jesus was the Messiah ; and 
with great independence of character he avowed 
himself a Christian. His father, whose hopes were 
so unexpectedly blighted, and whose heart was so 
deeply wounded, as he discovered the situation, 
seized a sword, and, if friends had not interfered, 
would have slain his son. 

The form of Christianity which he embraced was 
the Roman Catholic. He was doubtless surrounded 
by nominal and earnest members of that apostate 
community. His literary attainments were so re- 
markable and his mental powers' so great, that he 
was soon regarded with general favor as a popular 
preacher in the French Church. The University of 
Anjou gave him the degree of Doctor of Divinity, 
and appointed him Professor of Theology. Tiie 
publication of his commentary on Mattliew and 
Mark, in which, with great ingenuity, he defended 
the dogmas of Romanism, gave him the cliaracter 
of an able controversialist : and soon his belligerent 
talents were summoned into service against the 
Huguenots, then the chief friends of God, and tlie 
worst foes of Rofnanism, in France ; but as he care- 
fully examined the writings of the French Protest- 
ants he found that the truth was entirely on their 
side; and as it was his sovereign he immediately 
yielded to its precious sceptre. He fled to Holland 



DU VEIL 



353 



DYE 



to avoid persecution, and there abjured the heresies 
of the frail " scarlet lady" of the seven hills. 

He came to England in search of truth, and a 
home; and in that country he became a favorite 
with some of the first men in the Episcopal Church, 
Stillinsfleet, Tillotson, Patrick (Dean of Peter- 
borough), Lloyd (Bishop of St. Asaph's), and 
Compton (Bishop of London). He was ordained 
an Episcopal clergyman, and became the domestic 
chaplain of an English nobleman. 

He republished his commentary on Matthev? 
and Mark in England in 1670, extensively revised 
and corrected. In 1679 he issued his " Literal 
Explication of Solomon's Song." This effort was 
highly appreciated by the English clergy, and by 
the Protestants on the Continent. In 1680 he 
published a "Literal Exposition of the ]\Iinor 
Prophets," dedicated to Lord Heneage Finch, the 
lord chancellor. The Bishop of London was so 
delighted with this work that he gave him the 
privilege of using his splendid library as freely as 
if it were his own. In that literary treasury Du 
Veil became acquainted with the works of the Eng- 
lish Baptists, and speedily found that the Bible 
contained their doctrines ; and that, notwithstand- 
ing the loss which the avowal would inflict upon 
him, he must proclaim himself a Baptist. A young 
woman in the service of the Bishop of London held 
Baptist principles, for which she was frequently 
annoyed by her companions ; she discovered Du 
Veil's Baptist tendencies, and procured for him an 
interview with Hanserd Knollys, and subsequently 
with John Gosnold : and by Mr. Gosnold he was 
baptized. This act cost him all his Episcopal 
friends except Tillotson, the future Archbishop 
of Canterbury. 

Some time afterwards he gave to the world " A 
Literal Explanation of the Acts of the Holy 
Apostles." It was published in London in 1685. 
In it he defends his new opinions with signal 
ability. It is the most valuable of his works. The 
celebrated French Protestant minister, Claude, 
for years Professor of Theology in the College of 
Nismes, whose reputation is still dear to all French 
Protestants, and to all sermonizers in England 
and America, whose knowledge of his writings 
only extends to his '■ Essay on the Composition of 
a Sermon,"' in a letter to Dr. Du Veil, says, — 

"I have perused your Commentary, though it 
came but lately to my hands, and I have found in 
it, as in all your other works, the marks of copious 
reading, abundance of sense, right reason, and a 
just and exact understanding: and I do not doubt 
but that the Commentary will be kindly received 
by the learned, and prove very useful to all those 
who apply themselves to understand the Scrip- 
tures." Claude was a Pedobaptist. 

Du Veil was familiar with all Jewish and 



Christian learning; and his departure from the 
Church of England and adoption of our sentiments 
and people, at a period when the Baptists were op- 
pressed by the bitter hatred of James II., of the 
whole Episcopal establishment, and of nearly all 
English Pedobaptists, is a remarkable testimonj- to 
his conscientiousness, and to the truth of our doc- 
trines. 

Dwelle, Rev. George W., one of the most use- 
ful and prominent among the colored Baptists of 
Georgia, resides in Americus, and has charge of 
Shady Grove (colored) Baptist church, in Sumter 
Count}', and, also, of the Eureka (colored) Baptist 
church, at Albany. He stands high among his 
brethren, who repose great confidence in him. He 
is the clerk of the Ebenezer (colored) Baptist Asso- 
ciation, and of the Missionary Baptist Convention 
of Georgia, having held each position since the or- 
ganization of those bodies, in which he himself 
took a leading part. Under the appointment of 
this Convention he acted as an agent in collecting 
funds for the college building in Atlanta, and also 
as a State missionary. He was born in Augusta in 
1833, and was converted in 1855. He joined the 
Springfield (colored) Baptist church at Augusta in 
1856, and immediately, with great decision, entered 
upon religious duties ; was in turn made superin- 
tendent of the Sunday-school and deacon of the 
church ; Avas licensed to preach in 1873, and or- 
dained in 1874. He has always been a steady 
worker in the church and Sunday-school ; has 
strongly favored missions and education, and stands 
high in the estimation of both races, among the 
Baptists of Georgia, as a g'ood pi-eacher and a man 
of fine character. 

Dye, Rev. Daniel, "was born in Johnstown, 
Montgomer}'^ Co., N. Y. He was converted in 
1823, and at once began to exhort men to repent- 
ance. In 1824 he was licensed to preach, and or- 
dained in 1831 to the work of the ministry. Elder 
John Smitzer preached the sermon and Elder John 
Peck made the consecrating prayer. Mr. Dye has 
devoted his life to itinerant and pioneer labor al- 
most exclusively. In the State of New York he 
labored at sixteen different places, either gathering 
churches or strengthening the feeble flock of God. 
Frequent revivals attended his ministry. In 1844 
the American Baptist' Home Mission Society sent 
him as its missionary to Davenport, Iowa, and 
Rock Island, 111. The following year he entered 
the Territory of "Wisconsin. He labored at Prairie- 
ville (now Waukesha). Raymond, East Troy, Da- 
rien, Walworth, and other places, confining his 
efforts mostly to Walworth and Racine Counties. 
He is eighty-one years old, and preaches still when 
called upon. During his ministry of over fifty years 
he has preached 6000 times, baptized 400 persons, 
attended 600 funerals, and married 400 couples. 



DYER 



DYKE 



Dyer, Rev. A. Nichols, was born in East 

Greenwich, R. I., May 1, 1803 ; was converted 
when very young ; graduated at Hamilton in 1829 ; 
founded the church in Harrisburg, Pa., in 1830; 
was pastor of Roxborough in 1832 ; organized the 
church at Chestnut Hill; in 1837 was pastor in 
Phcenixville ; aided in the formation of churches in 
East Nantmeal, Caernarvon, and West Calm, and 
afterwards was pastor of the former two ; then of 
the Bethesda and Danville churches. He died in 
Philadelphia, Nov. 6, 1867. 

Byer, Rev. Sidney, Ph.D., was born at White 
Creek, Washington Co., N. Y., in 1814. He joined 
the army in the Black Hawk war of 1831, and was 
sent to fight the Indians. He continued in military 
life for about ten years, and rose to a position both 
pleasant and lucrative. But his desire to preacli 
grew so overpowering that at twenty-two years of 
age he entered upon a course of study under the 
direction of Rev. Charles G. Sommers, D.D., then 
pastor of the South Baptist church, New York. He 
was ordained in 1842, and preached first in a church 
near his former i-esidence at Brownsville, and aftei-- 
ward as a missionary among the Choctaws. Sub- 
sequently he occupied the office of secretary 'of the 
Indian Mission Board at Louisville, Ky. In 1852 
he became pastor of the church at Indianapolis, 
and in 1859 was chosen district secretary of the 
American Baptist Publication Society at Philadel- 
phia. He still remains in the service of the society, 
and continues with remarkable vigor his labors as 
preacher, author, and poet. He received the de- 
gree of A.M. from Indiana State University, and 
that of Ph.D. from the University at Lewisburg, 
Pa. His earlier contributions to poetry appeared 
in various literary journals, and were subsequently 
published in a volume entitled " Voices of Nature." 
Some of his verses embody very tender reminis- 
cences of his early life and fellowships. He has 
also published " Dyer's Psalmist," " Winter's Even- 
ing Entertainment," occasional sermons, and a 
numerous collection of songs and ballads. Some 



of his sacred verses will doubtless occupy a per- 
manent place in the services of the sanctuary. 
More i-ecently he has contributed a charming and 
invaluable series of books for young people, among 
which may be mentioned "Great Wonders in Lit- 
tle Things," "Home and Abroad," "Black Dia- 
monds," "Boys and Birds," "Hoofs and Claws," 
" Ocean Gardens," and " Elmdale Lyceum." These 
volumes evidence the author's wonderful tact and 
clearness in leading the mind through a knowledge 
of nature to the contemplation of nature's God. 

His daughter, Mrs. Mattie Dyer Britts, is also 
widely known as a writer of marked ability. She 
has already published several juvenile volumes, 
and is a contributor to a number of literary and 
religious journals. 

Dyke, Daniel, M.A., was born at Epping, Es- 
sex, about 1617. He was educated at the Univer- 
sity of Cambridge. After receiving episcopal or- 
dination he was appointed to the living of Great 
Haddam, Hertfordshire, worth about £300 per 
annum. He soon became noted as a man of great 
learning and deep piety, and speedily was invested 
with a very extensive influence. He was appointed 
by Cromwell in 1653 one of the Triers for the ex- 
amination and admission of godly ministers into 
the national church. The Lord Protector also 
made him one of his chaplains. When Cromwell 
ordered a collection to be taken up in all the parish 
churches in England for the persecuted Waldenses, 
Mr. Dyke's name, with many others, appeared in 
the proclamation as commending the object. Crom- 
well himself gave £2000 on the occasion. Before 
the Act of Uniformity was passed, Mr. Dyke with- 
drew all his services from the national church, and 
preached wherever he had an opportunity until the 
year 1668, when he was appointed co-pastor with 
the celebrated William Kiffin. He retained this 
position for twenty years, when he entered upon 
his eternal rest, in the seventieth year of his age. 

He was a man of great attainments, of exti-eme 
modesty, and of marked usefulness. 



E ACHES 



355 



EARLY 



E. 



Eaches, Rev. Owen P., was born at Phoenix- 
ville, Pa., Dec. 11, 1840; baptized Feb. 20, 1853; 
graduated at Lewisburg University in 1863, and 
from the theological department two years later. 
He taught in the university in 1865-66 ; was or- 
dained at Nicetown, Philadelphia, October, 1866; 
became pastor of the old church at Hightstown, 
N. J., June 1, 1870. Here his labors have been 
very successful in building up the church and in 
the conversion of souls. His influence is largely 
felt in the affairs of Peddie Institute. He has been 
for a long time secretary of the board governing 
that academy, and when Dr. Fish resigned the sec- 
retaryship of the New Jersey Baptist Education 
Society, in 1873, Mr. Eaches was elected to that 
position, and still holds it. He is a close student, 
an active pastor, and a frequent contributor to the 
periodicals. 

Eager, Rev. E. C, pastor at Brookhaven, Miss., 
was born in Vermont in 1813; graduated at Mad- 
ison University, N. Y., in 1841 ; began his minis- 
terial labors as a missionary at Memphis, Tenn., in 
1842. Here he gathered about forty Baptists and 
preached to them three months ; then he removed 
to Granada, Miss. He filled several other pastorates 
in the State, then accepted an agency of the South- 
ern Baptist Publication Society, Charleston, S. C, 
in which he developed rare qualifications for raising 
money for benevolent uses ; as an agent of Missis- 
sippi College he obtained one hundred and twenty 
thousand dollars; was the successful agent of the 
Bible Revision Association up to the war ; after the 
war he again became agent of Mississippi College 
and the Domestic Mission Board of the Southern 
Baptist Convention until he settled in his present 
pastorate. 

Eagle, Rev. J. P., a prominent minister at 
Lonoke, Ark., was born in Maury Co., Tenn., in 
1837, but he was reared in that part of Arkansas 
where he has since labored ; was a lieutenant-col- 
onel in the Confederate army ; since the war has 
served a number of terms in the State Legislature ; 
began to preach in 1868, and has since supplied a 
number of churches in his region. Being a wealthy 
planter, he has preached without charge to his 
churches, but inculcates the duty of ministerial 
support and contributes largely to the cause. In 
a recent political State Convention, without being 
a candidate, he received a respectable vote for gov- 
ernor. 



Earle, Rev. T. J. — This most estimable brother 
was born in Spartanburg Co., S. C, Dec. 23, 1824; 
baptized in 1845 by Rev. J. G. Landrum, and or- 
dained in 1852. He took his literary and his theo- 




logical course in Mercer University. He was four 
years pastor at Pendleton, S. C, and left the church 
in a highly prosperous condition. He then settled 
in Gowensville, Glennville Co., S. C, where he has 
preached about twenty-four years, twenty-four at 
Holly Spring, and eighteen at Milford. He has 
taught for many years as principal of the Gowens- 
ville Seminary. He has baptized an unusual num- 
ber of pupils, and many have been baptized by 
others. His countenance is a true index of his 
noble soul. Modesty is the crown of all his virtues. 
When the wi-iter proposed to try to get him the 
title of D.D. he peremptorily refused. He is an 
accomplished scholar, a fine preacher, and one of 
the most perfect Christian gentlemen the writer 
has ever known. 

Early, Rev. M. D., pastor at Dardanelles, Ark., 
was born in Georgia in 1846, but was reared in 
Clarke Co., Ark., whither his father removed in 
1858 ; began to preach in 1870, and served a number 



EASON 



EAT OX 



of churches in the region of his home until 1875, 
when he was called to Hope, Hainpstead County, 
where he did a noble work. In 1877 he was called 
to the Third Street church, Little Rock. With 
tliis feeble interest he labored successfully two 
years, and then removed to his present important 
field. Mr. Early is an acceptable preacher, and one 
of the risinjr young men of the State. 

Eason, Rev. F. W., was born in Charleston, 
S. C, Oct. 31, 1837 ; baptized December, 1858, by 
Dr. Basil Manly, Sr. ; entered the army April, 1861 ; 
surrendered under Gen. J. E. Johnston at High 
Point, N. C, May 15, 1865 ; was captain of in- 
fantry, and afterwards of artillery ; was a merchant 
after the war ; was called to ordination by Darling- 
ton church in 1867, Drs. J. 0. B. Dargan, Richard 
Furman, and Geo. Bealer forming the presbytery. 
After seven years' service as pastor in Darling- 
ton, S. C, went to the theological seminary in 
Greenville, S. C, taking the full course. Mr. 
Eason has served the Fayetteville church, N. C, 
and is now pastor in Newberne. He was educated 
at Charleston College, S. C. He has a fine literary 
taste, and he is popular as a preacher, pastor, and 
lecturer. 

East Alabama Female College, located at 
Tuskegee, was founded by the Tuskegee Association 
in 1850. The buildings were of the most beautiful 
and modern style, and cost not less than sixty 
thousand dollars. It had a brilliant career of 
twenty years. Dr. Bacon, Gen. W. F. Perry, Rev. 
A. J. Battle, D.D., Rev. E. B. Teague, D.D., and 
Prof R. II. Rawlings, A.M., were presidents of 
this institution. By accident or by incendiary it 
was burned in 1870, and so ended its history. 

Eastin, Rev. Augustine, a brilliant preacher 
of the last century, was one of the first converts to 
Baptist principles in Goochland Co., Va. He 
soon become a zealous minister, and was incarcer- 
ated in Chesterfield jail for preaching contrary to 
law. He moved to Kentucky in 1784, and was one 
of the constituents of Bi-yant's church, in Fayette 
County. Afterwards he moved to Bourbon County, 
where he formed Cowper's Run church, in 1807. 
lie appears to have been popular and useful till 
he became an Arian, and was cut off from the Bap- 
tists. He maintained a good moral character to 
the end of life. 

East Troy, a village of Walworth County. It 
was here that tiie Wisconsin Baptist State Conven- 
tion was organized in 1846, and where Conrad, 
Delaney, and Miner toiled with great self-denial 
but unfaltering loyalty to Christ in the early his- 
tory of the State. 

Eastwood, Rev. Thomas Midgely, was born 
at Manayunk, Pa., May 11, 1848. He was bap- 
tized by Rev. Miller Jones, at Bridgeport, Pa., in 
March, 1863, and was received into the member- 



ship of the First Baptist church of that place. He 
was educated at the University of Lewisburg and at 
Crozer Theological Seminary. He graduated at 
Lewisburg in June, 1872, and at Crozer Theologi- 
cal Seminary in May, 1874. His ministry began 
with the First Baptist church, Wilmington, Del., 
May 1, 1874, and he was ordained in -June of the 
same year. The chairman of the council of ordi- 
nation was Rev. James Trickett, and the clerk Rev. 
W. R. McNeil; Rev. J. M. Pendleton, D.D., Rev. 
George W. Anderson, D.D., Rev. George W. Fol- 
well. Rev. E. W. Dickinson, D.D., and Rev. Miller 
•Jones participated in the exercises of ordination. ' 
During his ministry at Wilmington he has organ- 
ized the Shiloh Baptist church, the first colored 
Baptist congregation in the State of Delaware. He 
assisted in the formation of the Delaware Baptist 
Missionary Union, which was organized September, 
1874, and \vas its first secretary. He has also been 
actively engaged in furthering the interests of the 
Delaware Baptist Union. He was its first presi- 
dent, and has been three times elected to the office. 
At present he is pastor of the Bethany Baptist 
church, which is the outgrowth of a union of the 
Elm Street with the First Baptist church, effected 
in 1876. He has thus had at present writing a 
continuous pastorate of six years. 

Eaton, Geo. W., D.D., LL.D., was bom at 

Henderson, Huntington Co., Pa., July 3, 1804; 
family removed to Ohio in 1805 ; entered, 1822, 
Ohio University, at Athens, and remained two 
years ; from 1824 to 1827 was engaged in teach- 
ing in Prince Edward Co., Va. ; in 1827 en- 
tered junior class at Union College, Schenectady, 
and was graduated in 1829 ; in 1830 was elected 
tutor in the academy at Belleville, N. Y. ; from 
1831 to 1833 was Professor of Ancient Langu.ages 
in Georgetown, Ky., and acted as president of the 
institution the last six months : in 1833 became 
connected with JIadison University (see article 
Madisox Universett), then Hamilton Literary 
and Theological Institution ; from 1833 to 1837 
was Professor of Mathematics and Natural Pliil- 
osopliy ; from 1837 to 1850 occupied the chair of 
Ecclesiastical and Civil History ; 1850-61, Professor 
of Systematic Theology and president of Madison 
University ; Professor of Intellectual and Moral 
Philosophy, from 1856 to 1868 ; from 1861 to 1871 
president of Hamilton Theological Seminary and 
Professor of Homiletics. Died Aug. 3, 1872. It is 
well-nigh impossible within brief limits to describe 
adequately this great man. In person he was tiill, 
well formed, and pleasing in his movements, the 
features denoting great kindness of heart. In 
character he was gentle, unsuspicious, confiding, 
and hopeful, — a very Christian gentleman. 

He was devoted to the interests of the institu- 
tion, and when his failing health compelled his 



EATON 



EATON 



retirement he felt he was severing himself from 
his very life. Not an old man when he died, yet 
he had become aged by severe toil and faithful ser- 




C EORGE W EVTON, DD, LT D 

vice in the interests of the university. By nature 
Dr. Eaton was an orator, and yet he possessed the 
best elements of a successful teacher. Few men 
have more deeply impressed themselves upon the 
character of their pupils than he. His influence, 
in connection with Dr. Hascall and Dr. Spear, car- 
ried the college through its darker hours, and to 
him the friends of education, and especially the 
Baptists of New York, owe a debt of gratitude 
which it will be impossible to pay. 

Eaton, Rev. Isaac, A.M., was the son of Rev. 
Joseph Eaton, of Montgomery, Pa. ; was con- 
verted in early life, and joined the Southampton 
church. Pa. lie soon began to preach, and when 
twenty-four years of age took charge of the church 
in Hopewell, N. J., Nov. 29, 1748. Rich blessings 
descended upon liis pastorate, which ended only 
with liis life, twenty-six years afterwards. He im- 
mediately became prominent in the Philadelphia 
Association, and the way was soon opened for his 
great work. 

The " Elders and Messengers of the several con- 
gregations baptized on profession of faith in Penn- 
sylvania, New Jersey, and Provinces adjacent,'' at 
Philadelphia, on Oct. 5, 1756, passed the following 
resolution : 

" Concluded to raise a sum of money toward the 
encouragement of a Latin grammar school, for the 
promotion of learning among us, under the care of 



Brother Isaac Eaton, and the inspection of our 
brethren, Abel Morgan, Isaac Stelle, Abel Griffith, 
and Peter B. Van Horn." 

The school was opened under this comprehensive 
resolution. While men who became eminent in di- 
vinity went out from the teaching and influence of 
that wonderful man, other professions were well rep- 
resented. Eaton was the first teacher among Ameri- 
can Baptists who opened a school for the education of 
young men for the ministry. Among his students 
were James Manning, D.D., first president of Riiode 
Island College (now Brown University), .said to 
have been Eaton's first student; Samuel Jones, 
D.D., Hezekiah Smith, D.D., David Jones, A.M., 
Isaac Skillman, D.D., a number of physicians (Mr. 
Eaton had studied medicine, and practised among 
the poor), and several members of the legal profes- 
sion. Mr. Eaton died before attaining old age. 
The tablet erected to his memory, first in the meet- 
ing-house, and now in the cemetery of the Hope- 
well church, has this inscription : 

" To the front of this are deposited the remains 
of Rev. Isaac Eaton, A.M., who for upwards of 26 
years was pastor of this church, from the care of 
which he was removed by death, on the 4th of July, 
1772, in the forty-seventh year of his age. 

In him with grace and eminence did shine 
The man, the Christian, scholar, and divine." 

He left little of his literary productions. There 
is a charge delivered at the ordination of his pupil 
and intimate friend, Rev. Samuel Jones, A.M., 
Jan. 2, 1763, which is full of wise counsels very 
happily expressed. Dr. Jones preached Mr. Eaton's 
funeral sermon. His suliject was •' Resignation,"' 
and his text Job i. 21. Toward the close of the dis- 
course, having mentioned the intimacy between 
them, he says, "It might be expected I should say 
something concerning him ; and verily much might 
be said Avith the greatest truth. The natural en- 
dowments of his mind ; the improvement of these 
by the accomplishments of literature: his early, 
genuine, and unaffected piety: his abilities as a 
divine and a preacher; his extensive knowledge 
of men and books : his Catholicism, prudence, and 
able counsels, together with a view of him in the 
different relations, both public and private, that he 
sustained through life with so much honor to him- 
self and happiness to all who had connection with 
him, would afford ample scope, had I but abilities, 
time, and inclination, to flourish in a funeral ora- 
tion. But it is needless, for the bare mentioning 
them is enough to revive the idea of him in the 
minds of all who knew him." 

The house in which Mr. Eaton conducted the first 
institution for the education of Baptist ministers on 
this continent is still in the village of Hopewell, 
N. J., on the Bound Brook Railroad. The struc- 
ture is a substantial frame building, in good con- 



EATON- 



EATON 



dition, located near the Calvary Baptist church, and 
not far from the Old-School Baptist church edifice, 
in which the descendants of the people to whom he 
ministered are accustomed to meet for the worship 
of God. 

Eaton, Rev. Jeremiah. S., was born in Weave, 
N. H., in June, 1810. He was a graduate of Union 
College in the class of 1835. He took the full 
course of study at Newton, graduating in 1839. 
He was ordained as pastor of the First Baptist 
church in Hartford, Conn., Nov. 13, 1839. He re- 
mained in Hartford five years, and then accepted a 
call to the Free Street church, in Portland, Me., 
which connection he held for ten years. Ill health 
compelled him to resign in 1854. He died at 
Portland, Sept. 27, 1856. 

Eaton, Joseph H., LL.D., was born in Berlin, 
Delaware Co., 0., Sept. 10, 1812. His father died 
when he was a child, and he was brought up by his 
mother, a woman of great force of character and re- 
markable for her strong faith in God. Once during 
his childhood he was supposed to be dead, the phy- 
sician pronounced him dead, and only the child's 
mother doubted the statement. She maintained, in 
despite of all appearances, that the boy still lived, 
because he was a child of too many prayers to die 
so young. She believed that God had a work for 
him to do, and the child recovered. He made rapid 
progress in his studies in the neighboring schools, 
and it was soon necessary for him to seek larger 
advantages for study. Being the youngest son, 
his mother parted with him with great reluctance, 
saying, "Joseph, I have but a little while to live. 
I believe God has a work for you, and you must 
be educated to fit you for it, and hence you must 
go." He accordingly left home and entered Worth- 
ington Academy. His brother, George W. Eaton, 
was at this time professor in Georgetown College, 
Ky., and afterwards in the Hamilton Literary and 
Theological Institution, N. Y. Joseph, after finish- 
ing his course at the academy, went to Georgetown, 
Ky., where he studied until his brother left, fol- 
lowing him to Hamilton, where he graduated in 
1837. In the same year he removed to Davidson 
Co., Tenn., where he taught school for six months, 
and thence went to Fayetteville, Tenn., to take 
charge of an academy. Here he remained three 
years. In 1841 he was elected a professor in the 
new Baptist institution at Murfreesborough, Tenn., 
and in 1847 he was appointed its president, it being 
named the Union University. He was ordained in 
1843; was pastor in Murfreesborough, and of sev- 
eral country churches, preaching every Sunday, 
and faithfully teaching in the class-room, until he 
impaired his health by excessive labors, and died 
Jan. 12, 1850. Dr. Eaton was a man of great 
earnestness, laboring with an untiring zeal that 
nothing could thwart. As an educator he had 



but few equals, being distinguished for his power 

of imparting instruction and stimulating a love of 
knowledge ; for a thorough control over students, 
shown in discipline and in influence upon their 
characters ; and for his ability to win the affection 
of his pupils. As a preacher, Dr. Eaton was earnest 
and impressive, of impassioned utterance and rapid 
delivery. His power to fix attention and impress 
his thoughts upon his hearers has seldom been 
equaled. He won the enthusiastic devotion of those 
who knew him, of all classes and grades of society. 
His fellow-ministers, professors, the churches to 
which he preached, his many students, and his 
servants, all loved him as few men are loved. Hand- 
some in person, gracious in presence, genial in 
mannei-s, and winning in conversation, he was emi- 
nent in the qualities which make men charming in 
the home circle, as he was in those which make a 
great teacher and preacher. There was about him 
a sense of reserved power. The strength of the man 
was always felt beneath his genial graciousness. 
His children and his students would face any 
danger rather than have him know that they had 
been guilty of a dishonorable action, so much did 
they dread the glance of his eye, so much did they 
value his approving smile. His virtues live in the 
memories of all who knew him. 

Eaton, Thomas Treadwell, D.D., was born in 
Murfreesborough, Tenn., Nov. 16, 1845, and was 
educated partly at the Union University, Tenn., 
partly at Madison University, N. Y., and partly at 
Washington College, Lexington, Va. Dr. Eaton 
was pastor at Lebanon and Chattanooga, Tenn., 
and he is now pastor of the First Baptist church, 
Petersburg, Va. From 1867 to 1872 he was pro- 
fessor in Union University, Murfreesborough, Tenn. 
He has published a small volume, "The Angels," 
issued by the American Baptist Publication Society, 
and he has contributed to many of the denomina- 
tional papers, chiefly the Religious Herald^ of Vir- 
ginia. During 1870-71 he was one of the editors 
of the Christian Herald, of Tennessee, and he is 
prominent in all denominational meetings. He is 
a vigorous and polished writer, and a man of ripe 
culture. Dr. Eaton received the degree of D.D. 
from Washington and Lee University, Va., in 1878. 

Eaton, William H., D.D., was born in Goffs- 
town. N. n., Sept. 4, 1818, and was a graduate of 
Brown University in the class of 1845. He took 
the full course of study at the Newton Theological 
Institution, graduating in the class of 1848. His 
ordination took place in August, 1849, and lie was 
pastor of the Second Baptist church in Salem, 
Mass., from 1849 to 1854. Having resigned his 
pastorate, he accepted an appointment as an agent 
to solicit funds for the endowment of the New Lon- 
don Academy. Returning to the active duties of 
the ministry, he became pastor of the Baptist 



ECCLES 



EDDY 



church ia Nashua, N. H., one of the largest and 
most flourishing churches in the State. Here he 
remained four years. He next accepted an appoint- 
ment to act as an agent to raise funds for the better 
endowment of the Newton Theological Institution. 
"By his quiet, patient, and well-directed efforts," 
says Dr. Hovey in his historical address, " comple- 
mented at the last by the powerful exertions of a 
few distinguished brethren, the sum of §200,000 was 
raised by subscription, and in amounts varying from 
$1 to $18,000." Dr. Hovey also remarks, " A fort- 
night, more or less, before the time for completing 
this subscription expired, a meeting of the sub- 
scribers was held in Tremont Temple, Boston, at 
which Dr. Eaton stated that he had secured pledges 
to the amount of about $177,500, but could not 
obtain the required sum, $200,000. Thereupon 
Gardner Colby and J. Warren Merrill were ap- 
pointed a committee to raise the subscription to 
$210,000. The time for doing this was short, but 
the task proposed w.as accomplished." Having com- 
pleted his work as the agent of the Newton Theo- 
logical Institution, Dr. Eaton returned to the active 
duties of the ministry by accepting, in 1872, an 
invitation to become the pastor of the Baptist 
church in Keene, N. H., where he is now living. 

The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred 
on Dr. Eaton in 1867 by Brown University, of 
which he was appointed a trustee in 1876. 

Eccles, Rev. Samuel, was born in the County 
of Roscommon, Ireland, and for a time was a mer- 
chant in his native country. Afterwards he went 
to France and took an active part in the terrible 
struggles of the revolution of 1792-93, until sick- 
ened by the enormities practised in the name of 
liberty, lie resigned his commission and came to 
this country. 

Soon after his arrival in South Carolina he was 
converted and united with the Baptists. Called of 
God to the ministry, he spent four years in literary 
and theological studies, and entered upon the active 
duties of the pastorate. His labors were greatly 
blessed for years, and when his prospects were 
unusually bright he passed into the heavenly rest, 
on the 12th of August, 1803. 

As a preacher he was zealous and energetic, and 
manifested acquaintance with the heart and con- 
science, which he addressed with great power. He 
endured his last sufferings with calm submission to 
the Avill of Providence, and he died full of peace. 

Eddy, Daniel C, D.D., was born in Salem, 
Mass., May 21, 1823, and was baptized -July 3, 1842, 
into the fellowship of the Second Baptist church in 
that city. After the completion of his literary and 
theological education he was called to the pastorate 
of the First Baptist church in Lowell, Mass., -Jan. 
2, 1846, and was ordained in the same month. This 
relation continued for ten years, and they were 



years of great prosperity with the church. The 
whole number added to it was 1005, of which 637 
were baptized. In 1850, Dr. Eddy went abroad to 
recruit his health, which was impaired bylong-con- 




DANIEL C. EDDY, D.D. 

tinned ministerial labor. In 1854, a year which is 
embraced within the period when what was known 
as the American, or " Know-Nothing" party had 
so prominent a place in the politics of the country, 
Dr. Eddy was chosen as a representative from 
Lowell to the Legislature of Massachusetts, and, 
quite unexpectedly to himself, he was elected 
Speaker of the House. Without having had any 
experience in presiding over a deliberative assem- 
bly, he discharged the duties of his oiBce so satis- 
factorily that the House passed a unanimous vote 
thanking him "for the promptness, ability, and 
urbanity with which he had performed the duties 
of presiding officer during the prolonged delibera- 
tions of the present session." 

In 1856, Dr. Eddy was called to the Harvard 
Street church in Boston, and installed as pastor on 
the last Lord's day in December. Twice during 
this pastorate Dr. Eddy went abroad, extending his 
visit the second time to the Holy Land. Four hun- 
dred and seventy-eight persons were received by 
letter and by baptism into the Harvard Street 
church while Dr. Eddy was its minister. 

In November, 1862, a call was extended to Dr. 
Eddy by the Tabernacle church in Philadelphia. 
He accepted it, and was installed Nov. 6, 1862, 
remaining there two years, when he was invited to 
the Baldwin Place church in Boston. The church 



EDDY 



ED G REN 



for various reasons, chiefly on account of the un- 
favorable location of their house of worship, had 
become very much reduced in numbers. A change 
of location carried them to the " South End," v?here 
a new church edifice was erected in Warren Avenue, 
an almost entirely new congregation gathered, and 
prosperity attended the enterprise. Dr. Eddy was 
called from Boston to the First Baptist church in 
Fall River, Mass., and returned again to Boston to 
enter upon a work in which for many years he had 
taken a deep interest, — the opening of a place of 
worship at the " South End" on the free system. 
Various circumstances combined to make the en- 
terprise not so successful as he desired, and it was, 
abandoned. He is now the pastor of the church in 
Hyde Park, one of the pleasant suburban villages 
in tlie neighborhood of Boston. 

Dr. Eddy has Avritten a large number of books, 
some of which, especially his " Young Man's 
Friend," have had a very extended circulation. 
Several books, the result of his travels abroad, have 
also been widely circulated. Few of our ministers 
have had a more active and successful ministry 
than Dr. Eddy, and few ministers have superior 
ability, culture, and piety. Harvard College con- 
ferred on him the degree of A.M. in 1855, and 
Mailison University the degree of D.D. in 1856. 

Eddy, Herman J., D.D., was born in Marion, 
Wayne Co., N. Y., Dec. 10, 1810: baptized in 1827 ; 
studied at Hamilton Literary and Theological In- 
stitution ; received the degree of A.M. from Madi- 
son University, and D.D. from ShurtleiF College ; 
was ordained at Marion in 1834. His first settle- 
ment as pastor was in Scipio, N. Y. After five 
years of successful labor he accepted the call of 
the church in Jordan. In 1849 he took charge of 
the Cannon Street Baptist church. New York. In 
1856 he became pastor of the First Baptist church 
of Bloomington, 111., where he founded the Illi- 
nois Baptist^ which was subsequently consolidated 
with the Christian Times, now The Standard, 
of Cliicago. In 1851 he was commissioned chap- 
lain of the 33d Regiment of 111. Vols., known in 
the West as the Normal Regiment. After two 
years' service becoming disabled he resigned and 
accepted the pastorate of the First Baptist church 
of Belvidere, III. In 1869 he was called to the 
Central Baptist church of Syracuse, N. Y. He 
was prospered in all his settlements; in the last 
three the churches built new and large houses of 
worship. When in New York he was a member 
of the board of the American and Foreign Bible 
Society, and afterwards of the American Bible 
Union, of which he was one of the founders. He 
is the author of several printed sermons and public 
addresses, and was the regular correspondent of 
the New York Recorder and the Michigan Christian 
Herald. He has also contributed to the^ Standard, 



of Chicago, the Baptist Weekly, and other journals 
of New York. An injury caused by a fall in 1873 
induced him to retire from pastoral work, since 
which he has resided in the city of New York. 

Eddy, Hichard Evans, was born in Providence, 
R. L, July 19, 1802, and was a graduate of Brown 
University in the class of 1822. On leaving college 
he went into business in his native city, and con- 
tinued in it till 1841, when he was (appointed 
deputy collector of the port of Providence, which 
office he held for four years. In 1845 he was 
elected treasurer of the American Baptist Mis- 
siona):y Union, and removed to Boston, where he 
became an active and much beloved member of 
Dr. Baron Stow's church. For nine years he held 
the office to which he had been chosen, greatly to 
the satisfaction of the society. His official rela- 
tions to his missionary brethren were of the most 
tender nature ; he endeared himself to them by 
his interest in their work, and his sympathy with 
them in all their trials. The state of his health 
obliged him to resign his office in 1854, and he re- 
turned to his old home in Providence. For the 
last fourteen years of his life he held the office of 
deacon in the First Baptist church, of the Sabbath- 
school connected with which he had at an earlier 
period in his life been for nine years the superin- 
tendent. He died in Providence, April 29, 1870. 

Edgren, John Alexis, D.D., the head of the 
Scandinavian department in the theological semi- 
nary at Morgan Park, 111., was born in Wermland, 
Sweden, in 1839. After passing through the pre- 
paratory department of the elementary school of 
Carlstad he went to sea in 1852, sailing in shifis of 
five diflferent nations. In 1857 he was converted 
while at sea, and in 1858 was baptized. Entering the 
navigation school atStockholm,he graduated in 1859 
with the highest honors conferred in Sweden upon 
naval students. lie then returned to the sea, sail- 
ing as mate and second mate of Swedish vessels. 
In 1862 he was examined as teacher of navigation, 
and passed successfully. In that year he came to 
this country, and as the war was in progress he 
entered the U. S. navy as acting ensign, and sub- 
sequently served as sailing-master. In 1863 he 
resigned and attended lectures in Princeton Tlieo- 
logical Seminary. Again, in 1864, he entereil the 
navy, and was placed in command of the U. S. 
steamer " Catalpa," sailing from Philadelphia to 
the Charleston blockade. Subsequently he vol- 
unteered for service at the naval battery on Blor- 
ris Island, and participated in several engage- 
ments. In 1865 he finally resigned and left the 
sea, fully determined to obey the call he had long 
been conscious of, to preach the gospel. His first 
service was as colporteur and missionary of Ihe 
American Baptist Publication Society. In the fall 
of 1865 he entered upon the study of theology at 



EDUCATIONAL 



ED WARDS 



Madison University, and in 1866 was appointed by 
the Missionary Union a missionary to Sweden. 
Upon returning to America in 1870 he was called 
to the pastorate of the Swedish Baptist church in 
Chicago, with an appropriation from the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society. In the fall of 1871 
he began giving instruction at the theological semi- 
nary to Scandinavian students, himself pursuing 
study in the seminary at the same time, and grad- 
uating in 1872. The interest awakened by his work 
as instructor of Scandinavian students in various 
branches of theology eventuated in the founding 
of the Scandinavian department as a permanent 
branch of the seminary work. 

At the present date (1880) 29 students have 
graduated from this department, and have become 
ministers of the gospel among their own people. 
Hundreds under their preaching have professed 
conversion and have been baptized. With the 
work of instruction Prof. Edgren has associated 
the editing of a Swedish religious paper. Six 
other religious publications are fruits of his pen. 

Educational Institution for Ministers, The 
First American Baptist.— See article on Rev. 
Isaac Eaton, A.M. 

Edwards, Dr. Benjamin F., was bom in Mary- 
land, July 2, 1797, and converted in Kentucky in 
1826. He removed to Illinois in 1827, and to St. 
Louis, Mo., in 1845. He died in Kirkwood, Mo., 
in April, 1877. 

Dr. Edwards held a distinguished position as a 
medical practitioner. He had a superior intellect, 
richly furnished with the results of extensive read- 
ing and study. He was popular in social gather- 
ings, and greatly beloved by a very numerous circle 
of friends and acquaintances. His golden wedding 
in 1869 was an occasion of great joy to the large 
numbers whose congratulations the aged and hon- 
ored couple received at the time of its celebration, 
and to the whole community in which Dr. Edwards 
was so highly esteemed. 

He loved the Saviour and his people, and cher- 
ished his own church with peculiar affection. To 
him there was no book like the Bible, reverence 
for which increased with his advancing years. He 
held tenaciously the doctrines and practices of the 
Holy Scriptures, and his faith was proved by a 
consecrated life. 

While living in Edwardsville, 111., the first mis- 
sionary Baptist church in that State was formed 
in his residence, April 18, 1828. He assisted at the 
organization of the Edwardsville Baptist Associa- 
tion, Oct. 16, 1830. He was one of the original 
trustees of Shurtleff College in 1836. This great 
and good man expired in the triumphs of faith. 

Edwards, Cyrus, LL.D.— Although Dr. Ed- 
wards became actually the member of a Baptist 
church only in his eighty-first year, he was the 
24 



friend and supporter of such churches through 
many years, as also of Shurtleff College, in Upper 
Alton, which place was his home during the later 
portion of his life. He was born in Montgomery 
Co., Md., Jan. 17, 1793, his family being of Welsh 
origin, and residents of Virginia, until his father's 
removal to Maryland in 1750, from the earliest 
colonial times. In 1800 his father removed to 
Bardstown, Ky., in which place Cyrus attended a 
private academy kept by Mr. Daniel Barry. He 
began the study of law at the age of nineteen, and 
removing to Illinois, was in 1815 admitted to the 
bar at Kaskaskia. After this event he removed to 
Potosi, Mo., sixty miles south of St. Louis. In 
Missouri he became the personal friend of Thomas 
H. Benton and other eminent persons, and he ac- 
quired mai-ked distinction in his profession. After 
some fourteen years' residence in Missouri, Mr. 
Edwards removed to Edwardsville, 111., a town 
named for his brother, Hon. Ninian Edwards, one 
of the early governors of Illinois while yet a Terri- 
tory. 

In 1832 he became a member of the Illinois 
Legislature, and so continued until 1840, when he 
retired from politics until summoned again to pub- 
lic duties by the exciting events of 1860. His en- 
tire efforts for his fellow-citizens were characterized 
by integrity, high principle, and signal ability. 

As a friend of education Dr. Edwards is espe- 
cially remembered. He was one of the most lib- 
eral friends of Shurtleff College, having given to 
it at one time real estate valued at §10,000, be- 
sides other generous donations. For a period of 
thirty-five years he was president of its board of 
trustees. He was also most active in the orig- 
ination of the State Normal School at Bloom- 
ington. In the eighty-first year of his age Dr. 
Edwards was baptized into the fellowship of the 
Upper Alton church, and remained in its commu- 
nion until liis death. 

In 1837 he was a candidate for governor of Illi- 
nois, and he only failed because his political friends 
were in a hopeless minority. 

The Alton Weekly Telegraph of Sept. 6, 1877, 
speaking of him, says, " With Hon. Cyrus Ed- 
wards has passed away one of the most prominent 
men in the early history of Illinois, whose residence 
therein was coeval with the existence of the State 
government. Of the famous men of earlier days 
who made the pioneer history of Illinois brilliant, 
few stand out with greater prominence, and few 
are more worthy of grateful remembrance than 
Mr. Edwards. In all the great movements in the 
early history of the State his name is conspicuous, 
and in all it is recorded with honor. He was the 
last survivor of the statesmen who, prior to the 
year 1840, wielded the destinies of Illinois." When 
he passed away a great American citizen fell, and 



EDWARDS 



ED WARDS 



aa illustrious servant of Christ entered upon liis 
reward. 

Edwards, Hervey, a native of Onondaga Co., 
N. Y., better known as Deacon Edwards, a suc- 
cessful business man, a devoted Christian, and a 
zealous promoter of all the interests of the Bap- 
tist denomination. He was baptized in 1830 into 
the fellowship of the Fayetteville Baptist church 
by Kev. Charles Morton. He was specially con- 
spicuous in his support of ministerial education, 
holding a position as member of the boards of the 
university and Education Society at Hamilton. 

Edwards, Eev. James Jesse, a distinguished 
missionary, was born in Lee Co., Va., Dec. 30, 1824. 
In .June, 1842, he obtained hope in Christ and 
joined the Methodist Church. Subsequently, upon 
a change of religious opinions, he united with a Bap- 
tist church. In June, 1850, he was ordained to the 
gospel ministry, and labored some years in his 
native county, his field being the mountainous dis- 
tricts of Western Virginia and Eastern Kentucky. 
Mr. Edwards received but little compensation for 
pi'eaching, and his circumstances compelled him to 
adopt secular employment to support his family. 
His ministry was attended with the most wonder- 
ful results. After a few years he moved to Clay 
County, and finally to Estill Co., Ky., where his 
labors in the same rugged fields were greatly blessed. 
During a few years he received a partial support as 
missionai-y of the General Association of Kentucky, 
and his reports indicate that he traveled 36,730 
miles. A large portion of this was accomplished 
on foot, and the remainder on horseback. 

He has now been preaching thirty years, and has 
baptized over 5000 professed believers in Christ and 
organized 35 churches. 

Edwards, Rev. Morgan, was bom in Wales, 
May 9, 1722. He was educated at Bristol College 
under Bernard Foskett, its first president. He was 
ordained June 1, 1757, in Cork, Ireland, where he 
labored for nine years. He returned to England 
and preached for a year in Rye, in Sussex, when, 
through the recommendation of Dr. Gill and others, 
on the application of tne Baptist church of Phila- 
delphia, he came to that city and church, and en- 
tered upon the pastorate May 23, 1761. 

In 1770 he preached a sermon on the text, " This 
year thou shalt die,'' which by many was regarded 
as his intended funeral sermon, as it is said that he 
expected to die on a particular day. But he was 
disappointed when the day of death dawned and 
departed, for instead of expiring he lived for nearly 
a quarter of a century after. Circumstances led to 
his resignation that year, though he continued to 
preach for a considerable period later. 

After his departure from Philadelphia he never 
assumed the duties of the pastorate in any other 
church. He resided in Delaware. He supplied 



vacant churches till the Revolution, during which 
he gave up preaching, and after peace was pro- 
claimed he gave lectures on Divinity in various 
parts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and 
New England. He died at Pencador, Del., Jan. 
28, 1795. 

Mr. Edwards took the side of the mother-country 
during the Revolutionary struggle. One reason 
given for this course was that he had a son an offi- 
cer in the service of Great Britain. He was the 
only Tory in the ministry of the American Baptist 
churches. The Baptists everywhere over this land, 
ministers and laymen, were enthusiastic friends of 
liberty. 

Morgan Edwards was a man of refined manners, 
and shone to peculiar advantage in good society. 
He was the master of scholarly attainments, and he 
was accustomed to say, " The Greek and Hebrew 
are the two eyes of a minister, and the translations 
are but commentaries, because they vary in sense 
as commentators do." Ilis attachment to Baptist 
principles was intense, and no man since the days 
of the Apostles ever showed greater love, or made 
more costly sacrifices for them than he did. He 
was full of generosity, he would give anything to 
a friend or to a cause dear to him. Edwards was a 
man of uncommon genius. In his day no Baptist 
minister equaled him, and none since his time has 
surpassed him. 

He was the founder of Brown University, at first 
called Rhode Island College. It is well known that 
this enterprise was started in the Philadelphia Bap- 
tist Association in its meeting in 1762, and Morgan 
Edwards was ''the principal mover in this matter," 
as he was the most active agent in securing funds 
for the permanent support of the institution. To 
Morgan Edwards more than to any other man are 
the Baptist churches of America indebted for their 
grand list of institutions of learning, with their 
noble endowments and wide-spread influence. 

But we owe him another heavy debt for his 
" Materials Towards a History of the Baptists." 
etc. He journeyed from New Hampshire to 
Georgia gathering facts for a history of the Bap- 
tists, and these " Materials," printed or penned, 
are the most valuable Baptist records in our country. 
They show immense painstaking, they are remark- 
ably accurate, they treat of points of great value. 
Morgan Edwards and Robert B. Semple, of Vir- 
ginia, deserve the lasting gratitude of every Amer- 
ican Baptist in a fervent measure. This great 
Welshman has conferred favors upon American 
Baptists not second to those of his illustrious 
countryman who founded Rhode Island. 

Edwards, Prof. P. C, was born near Society 
Hill, Darlington Co., S. C, Feb. 8, 1819 ; was bap- 
tized in his seventeenth year ; died in Greenvilk, 
S. C, May 15, 1867. He was graduated with honor 



EG AN 



363 



ELDER 



in the South Carolina College, where he remained 
through the ensuing winter and spring, diligently 
studying as resident graduate. He took a full 
course at Newton, under Drs. Sears, Ripley, Chase, 
and Ilackett, and spent a winter in New York, to 
enjoy the benefit of instruction by Dr. Robinson, 
of the Union Theological Seminary. In 1846 he 
became Professor of Biblical Literature and Exe- 
gesis in Furman Theological Institution, then lo- 
cated in Fairfield District, S. C. ; after its removal 
to Greenville, and its expansion into Furman Uni- 
versity, he became Professor of Ancient Languages 
in the collegiate department. 

Ilis intellect was massive, its movement-) not 
rapid. He never jumped at conclusions ; often 
hesitated where men of less breadth of \ie\\ 
would have terminated discussion. To this le^ult 
his conscientiousness contributed. Ilisregaid foi 
truth was reverential ; patient and painstaking in 
investigation himself, he yet showed the most 
amiable deference for the opinions of others. His 
heart was formed for the tenderest and most en- 
during friendships ; deeply humble and devout, he 
made the impression on all minds of a good min- 
ister of Jesus Christ. He died suddenly, in the 
Tery prime of his powers. On Sunday he preached 
a long and most impressive sermon on " Christ, the 
brightness of the Father's glory," etc., and on 
AVednesday he had gone to gaze with unclouded 
vision on the object of his adoring love. 

Egan, Bartholomew, M.D., distinguished for 
his classical attainments and his professional skill, 
was born in Killarney, Ireland, in 1795, and grad- 
uated at Dublin University. He was the founder 
of Mount Lebanon University, La., and held many 
prominent positions in the State, as Presidential 
elector, surgeon-general of Louisiana, superin- 
tendent of the State Laboratory, and one of the 
hoard of supervisors of the State Seminary. He 
hecame a Baptist in Virginia in 1841, and from 
1847 until his death, in 1879, he was prominently 
connected with the denomination in the State of 
Louisiana. 

Elder, Joseph F., D.D., was born in Portland, 
Me., March 10, 1839. His early educational ad- 
vantages were good. His academic studies were 
pursued at the Portland High School, in which he 
gave promise of ability to fill the positions which 
he has since attained. In 1860, when twenty- 
one years of age, he was graduated from Waterville 
College, now Colby University, with the highest 
honors. After his graduation he engaged in teach- 
ing, but his piety and ability as a speaker and 
writer led the Free Street Baptist church to give 
him a license to preach. This occurred in 1861. 
Afterwards he entered Rochester Theological Sem- 
inary, and was graduated from it in 1867. He was 
immediately called to the pastorate of North Orange 



Baptist church, N. J., where he was ordained, and 
where he remained two years. Such was his suc- 
cess as a preacher that in 1869 he was called to 
follow Rev. Dr. H. G. Weston, now president of 




JOSEPH I. ELDER. D.D. 

Crozer Theological Seminary, in the pastorate of 
Madison Avenue Baptist church of New York. 
The old and honored Oliver Street church had 
united with the Madison Avenue chui-ch, but when 
the courts decided that the Oliver Street church was 
not legally the owner of the church property, the 
latter withdrew with Dr. Elder, and are now build- 
ing a church edifice which promises to be in all re- 
spects quite equal to the spacious and beautiful 
house which they left in Madison Avenue. Such 
was his popularity that nearly all the members of 
the church and congregation followed him to his 
new field in Fifty-third Street. 

As a preacher he is an al;le advocate of Baptist 
principles, an eminently logical reasoner, dignified, 
earnest, and genial in manner. Standing calmly 
in his pulpit, he reminds one of the portraits of 
Napoleon Bonaparte. He is indeed an able leader 
and commander in the armies of Israel. He is still 
a student. His sermons, addresses, and essays give 
evidence of patient and thorough research. His 
conscientious presentation of tlie whole truth, as 
he and his denomination hold it, makes his ministry 
a force not only in his congregation, but in the city 
and country. His illustrations of obscure points 
show a wide range of reading and a familiarity 
with the mighty writers of the past ages. He has 
not yet reached the full measure of influence and 



ELDER 



ELECTION 



usefulness which his present attainments promise 
to the churches. 

Dr. Elder received the honorary degree of Doctor 
of Divinity from Madison University in 1865. 

Elder, Rev. Samuel, A.M., was born in Hali- 
fax, Nova Scotia ; converted and baptized in Corn- 
wallis in 1839; graduated from Acadia College in 
1844 ; ordained pastor of the Baptist church, Fred- 
ericton, New Brunswick, in November, 1845, and 
so continued until he died, May 23, 1852. Mr. 
Elder was a fine poet and an eloquent preacher, 
possessed an exquisite style and sound theology. 

Eldred, Hon. Caleb, was born in Pownal, Vt.,. 
Api-il 6, 1781, and died in Climax, Mich., June 29, 
1876. On arriving at manhood he removed to Ot- 
sego Co., N. Y., where he engaged in farming ; 
served his township as justice of the peace, and was 
president of the County Agricultural Society. He 
was two terms a member of the New York Legisla- 
ture. In 1831 he removed to Kalamazoo Co., 
Mich., where he spent the remainder of his life. 
He was twice elected a member of the Territorial 
Legislature, and was a " side judge" of the Terri- 
torial court. As a Baptist he is best known as 
one of the founders of Kalamazoo College. For 
twenty-five years he was president of its board of 
trustees, and his contributions for its support were 
generous and continuous. 

Eldridge, Eev. Daniel, was born in Washing- 
ton Co., N. Y., in 1805, and died at Afton, Rock Co., 
Wis., aged seventy-one years. He was educated at 
Hamilton, N. Y. He was pastor of the churches 
in Hamilton, Broad Street, Utica, and Perry, N. Y. ; 
Columbus, 0. ; Beloit, Clinton, Columbus, and 
Afton, Wis. He was a man of strong intellect, 
profound convictions, and an able defender of the 
faith and practice of Baptists. His last years were 
spent on his farm near Afton, Wis., where he died 
in great peace. 

Election. — Every man that shall enter glory 
was elected of God to that blessed state, and be- 
cause of such election is prepared by the Holy 
Spirit for its enjoyment. No elect person can be 
kept out of heaven. 

When men repent and put their trust in. Jesus 
they are "called according to God's purpose," — 
Rom. viii. 28, — that is, according to his plan of 
election, or they would never turn to the Saviour. 
Hence Paul says, " Who maketh thee to differ?" — 
1 Cor. iv. 7. "By the grace of God, I am what 
I am." — 1 Cor. xv. 10. The electing grace of 
Jehovah has placed every believer in saved rela- 
tions with the Lamb. 

The entire elect were given to Christ to redeem, 
" Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the 
law, being made a curse for us," — Gal. iii. 13, — to 
intercede for, " I pray for them, I pray not for the 
woi-ld, but for them whom thou hast given me, for 



they are thine." — John xvii. 9, — to bring safely to 
heaven, " All that the Father giveth me shall come 
to me, and him that cometh to me I will in no wise 
cast out." — John vi. 37. " My sheep hear my voice, 
and I know them, and they follow me, and I give 
unto them eternal life, and they shall never perish, 
neither shall any pluck them out of my hand." — 
John X. 27, 28. 

God's election of believers took place in eternity, 
" According as he hath chosen us in him, before 
the foundation of the world that we should be holy 
and without blame before him in love." — Eph. i. 4. 
Before the existence of the earth, the fall was fore- 
seen, and the salvation of the elect gloriously pro- 
vided for. 

Divine election in the Scriptures has to do exclu- 
sively with individuals. Paul speaks of those that; 
love God as persons " called according to his pur- 
pose;" all men brought to embrace Jesus are drawn 
to him according to God's electing purpose. Saul 
himself, rushing with cruel haste to Damascus, 
" breathing out threatenings and slaughter" against 
the saints of Jesus and their Master, is called into 
the saved family. One moment he is a blind bigot 
full of murder, and the next, solely through God's 
call, he is a trembling penitent, crying for mercy. 
No one, when the Saviour found him, heard the 
voice of Jesus but himself. It is addressed to him 
alone, " Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me ?" — 
Acts ix. 4. And when Ananias, who, by divine 
appointment, visited him a few days later, objected 
to call upon him on account of his persecuting 
reputation, the Lord said to him, " Go thy way, for 
he is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name be- 
fore the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of 
Israel." — Acts ix. 15. Paul was an elect man, he 
was chosen and called as an individual. And so 
are all Christ's saints. Zaccheus was called by 
name out of the boughs of the tree, and found sal- 
vation that day, and this was according to God's 
purpose of election. — Luke xix. 5. An angel com- 
manded Philip " to go unto the way that goeth 
down from Jerusalem unto Gaza," and seeing the 
eunuch, the Holy "Spirit said unto Philip, ' Go^ 
man, and join thyself to this chariot.' " — Acts viii. 
26-29. The eunuch hears the Word of life from 
Philip, and is saved and baptized. But an angel 
sends him to the road where he would find this 
solitary traveler ; the Spirit orders him directly to 
the man, and the treasurer receives an individual 
call, according to God's purpose, for that purpose 
is the election of individuals to eternal life. At 
Antioch it is said, " As many as were ordained to 
eternal life believed," not a soul besides. The 
election of God had decreed the salvation of a 
number of persons who heard Paul and Barna- 
bas at Antioch, and the elect ones only, received 
Jesus. The individual feature of election is 



ELECTION 



365 



EL KAREY 



strongly presented by the Saviour, where he says 
to his disciples, " Rejoice not, that the spirits 
(demons) are subject unto you, but rather rejoice 
because your names are written in heaven." — 
Luke X. 20. Election performed its work before 
tlie foundation of the world ; the names of the 
saints were enrolled among the coming citizens 
of heaven before the birth of earthly ages, and the 
elect in God's great scheme of salvation are as much 
individualized as the legatees of a will. Eternal 
and personal election is the undoubted teaching of 
the sacred volume. When Moses in ancient times 
read the law to Israel, he took blood and scarlet 
wool and hyssop, and sprinkled the book and all the 
people with blood.— Ileb. ix. 19. The Father, be- 
fore suns sent forth light, prepared the Lamb's 
book of life, with the linger of everlasting love he 
wrote in it the names of all elect men and women, 
and youths and maidens ; in the fullness of time 
the Saviour sprinkled the book and every name in 
it with his own blood, and now there is neither con- 
demnation nor accusation for a single one of them 
in this or in any other world. 

Men are elected that they may be made holy. 
Some have dreamt that they were chosen because 
they should become saints. This doctrine is like 
the baseless fabric of a vision. " God hath from 
the beginning chosen you to salvation through 
sanctification of the spirit and belief of the truth." 
— 2 Thess. ii. 13. " According as he hath chosen 
us in him before the foundation of the world, that 
we should be holy and without blame before him in 
love." — Eph. i. 4. The cause of election was not the 
prospective holiness of the chosen, but the unpar- 
alleled love of God ; and the chief object of election 
is to make men holy. 

Men are elected to salvation. There is an " elec- 
tion of grace," but none to perdition. " For whom 
he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be con- 
formed to the image of his Son, that he might he the 
-first-born among many brethren. Moreover, whom 
he did predestinate, them he also called : and whom 
he called, them he also justified : and whom he jusli- 
. tied, them he also glorified." — Rom. viii. 29, 30. Pre- 
destination in this connection is the equivalent of 
election. And its first purpose is to make men 
like Christ, that he may be at the head, not of a 
handful of brethren, but of a multitude, and its 
other purpose is to call, justify, and invest with 
heavenly glory the Father's chosen hosts. There 
is no election to destruction ; men are chosen to 
celestial crowns. 

Election works in perfect harmony with the 
human will. Jehovah elected Saul king of Israel, 
and Samuel anointed him to the office. No de- 
scendant of Jacob, except Samuel <and Saul, knew 
about God's choice, and yet all Israel convened and 
elected Saul their first king. The people were 



conscious of no interference with their will, and 
there was none, but, notwithstanding this, they 
simply ratified the appointment of Jehovah. So 
when God calls an elect one to repentance and 
faith he is made willing by matchless grace and by 
the mighty Spirit, and he feels a burning earnest- 
ness in his soul to follow Jesus Christ, though he 
would have fled from him forever if he had not 
given him a new heart. 

" Chosen of him ere lime began 
We choose him in return." 

The evidences of election in a believei-'s heart 
make him brave. Cromwell's warriors, consciously 
chosen to heavenly joys, were fitted for earthly 
victories, and filled Europe with enthusiastic ad- 
miration for their fearless valor ; knowing them- 
selves to be the elect of God, they feared nothing 
human or diabolical. A consciousness of election 
makes the Christian feel a burning gratitude in his 
heart for him that planned his salvation before 
stars twinkled in the heavens. An intelligent faith 
in election and in one's own choice of God leads to 
heroic works and sacrifices. A saved electionist 
knows that God has a people in the world, that this 
people in process of time, and in millennial days, 
will embrace the family of Adam, that God's whole 
power will be used to render the means successful 
to bring these hidden jewels of heaven into gospel 
light, and that instead of earthly uncertainties he 
has God's promises that his word shall not return 
unto him void, and he labors with untiring perse- 
verance, confident of success. The greatest workers 
in Christ's vineyai-d have received the Scripture 
doctrine of election. Paul, Augustine of Hippo, 
Calvin, Craiimer, John Knox, Whitefield, the 
Evangelical Episcopalians, the Baptists, the Pres- 
byterians, the Congregationalists, the men who 
have made this country what it is, who have given 
Britain most of her greatness, and Continental 
European Protestantism much of its glory, were 
firm believers in election. This Bible doctrine 
will yet bless the whole Christian family on earth 
with its light. Among the elect angels in heaven, 
the elect believers before the throne, and the elect 
infants in Paradise, from every land and age, it is 
a crowning joy. 

El Karey, Rev. Youhannah, was born in 

Shechem, now called Nablous ; this city lies at the 
base of Mount Gerizim, where the Samaritan tem- 
ple, the rival of the temple of Jehovah in Jeru- 
salem, stood. It has a population of about 20,000 
persons, chiefly Mohammedans. There are a few 
of the Samaritans there still, the descendants of 
the people who owned the city in Christ's day, 
and they have not given up the religion of their 
fathers. Jacob's well is within a mile of Nablous, 
where the Saviour preached to the woman of 
Samaria. 



Mr. El Karey was educated iu England and 
married to a Liverpool lady. He and his wife are 
now missionaries in Shechem. Tliis Baptist min- 
ister has a church of 16 baptized believers, and a 
congregation, meeting every Lord's day in a chapel 
dedicated in October, 1879. In their houseof worship 
there is a day-school for girls with 100 scholars, and 
one for boys with 30. The Sunday-school has about 
150 pupils. The Mohammedan mothers' meeting 
has an attendance of about 70. Mr. El Karey has 
been chiefly supported through the instrumentality 
of our brother, the Rev. Dr. Landels, of London. 

Elkin, Rev. Robert, was a native of Virginia. 
He emigrated with a large company to the valley 
of the Holstein River in 1780. Here he constituted 
a church with the assistance of Lewis Craig and 
John Vivian, Sept. 28, 1781. In 1783 he led his 
flock to what is now Garrard Co., Ky. The next 
year he led them across the Kentucky River into 
Clark County, where the church took the name of 
Howard Creek, but in 1790 changed its name to 
Pi'ovidence. To this prosperous old mother-church 
Mr. Elkin ministered until his death, which oc- 
curred in March, 1822. 

Elliott, Hon. Victor A., was bom July 23, 1839, 
in Tioga Co., Pa. He served in the Union army 




HON. VICTOR A. ELLIOTT. 

as captain and major during the war, where he 
contracted asthmatic difificulties, which were the 
occasion of his moving to Denver, Col., after prac- 
tising law for a time in Nebraska. He followed 
the same profession in Denver till elected, in the 
fall of 1878, to the office of judge of the District 



)6 ELLIS 

Court. Judge Elliott is noted for promptness, care- 
fulness, and integrity in his legal decisions, as well 
as for his spotless character and decided convic- 
tions in private life. He is one of the trustees of 
the Denver Baptist church. 

Elliott, Rev. Joseph, was born at Mason, 
N. H., in 1789. His father was a Baptist minister. 
Converted at the age of thirteen, Joseph almost at 
once became impressed that it was his duty to 
preach the gospel. Striving against such convic- 
tions he began the study of medicine, but abandon- 
ing it ere long, he became a preacher at the age of 
nineteen. At twenty he was ordained, and during 
forty-five years, in New England, New York, Ohio, 
and Illinois, exercised his ministry. With preach- 
ing he frequently associated the work of teaching, 
and in this was highly successful. He died at 
Monmouth, 111., Aug. 17, 1858. 

Elliott, Rev. W., was born in Adams Co., 0., 
March 17, 1819. His parents belonged to the 
Scotch Presbyterian Church, for the ministry of 
which his father had been partly educated. Young 
Elliott received his education, literary and theologi- 
cal, chiefly from his father, who was an experienced 
teacher. When he was about seventeen years old, 
in October, 1836, he walked eight miles to receive 
baptism. He removed to Iowa, crossing the Mis- 
sissippi at Burlington, on May 7, 1842, and imme- 
diately began to preach. He was present at the 
formation of the Iowa Baptist Convention, when 
there were but 350 Baptists in the State. He was 
ordained in October, 1842. He was employed 
eleven years by the American Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society. He has served churches as their 
pastor, but has generally labored as an evangelist, 
and in the latter calling he has traveled 100,000 
miles, much of it on horseback, and often preaching 
three times a day for months in succession. In 
1868 he was compelled to give up his exhausting 
labors for a time, only preaching occasionally as 
he was able. He devotes his feeble strength to 
protracted meetings in the winter. He has labored 
nearly forty years in Iowa, and he has been richly 
blessed in his saintly toils. 

Ellis, Rev. Ferdinand, was born in Medway, 
Mass., in 1780, and graduated at Brown University 
in the class of 1802. For three years after the 
completion of his college studies he was a tutor in 
the university. At the end of this engagement 
he was ordained as a Baptist minister, and for a 
time was a colleague with Rev. Dr. Stillman, pas- 
tor of the First Baptist church in Boston. Sub- 
sequently he removed to Marblehead, Mass., and 
in 1817 to Exeter, N. H., where he was the pastor 
of the Baptist church for fifteen years. Having 
resigned his pastorate in Exeter, he preached for a 
short time in several towns in New Hampshire, and 
in Freeport, Me. Finally he returned to Exeter, 



ELLIS 



367 



ELLTSON 



where he died Feb. 20, 1858. Several of his ser- 
mons were published, and some theological writings 
which he prepared for the press. lie was a very 
useful minister of the Saviour. 

Ellis, Frank M., D.L., was born in Higgins- 
port, 0.. July 31, 1838. He was educated at Shurt- 
lefF College, and has occupied several important 
points as pastor before settling at Denver, Col., 
where he commenced his labors March, 1876, 
which he prosecuted for more than four years, till 
called to the pastorate of Tremont Temple, Boston, 
in -June, 1880. He is genial in his manners, and an 
able, efficient, and eloquent preacher. In descrip- 
tive powers, fluency of speech, and graceful man- 
ners he has few peers. His audiences in Denver 
were very large. His reputation in Boston as a 
preacher and as a Christian is very high, and ex- 
tensive usefulness is expected from his ministry. 

Ellis, Rev. Robert, was born in Wales, Feb. 3, 
1812. In his twentieth year he connected himself 
with the Baptist Church. He commenced preaching 
not long after, and went through his preparatory 
studies under the preceptorship of the Rev. I. Wil- 
liams, afterwards of Newtown, than whom there 
was not a more finished Greek scholar or a more 
able Biblical expositor within the boundaries of 
the principality of Wales. Eobert Ellis served 
several churches with unquestioned ability, the last 
of which was Carnarvon, the scene of the ministry 
of the immortal Christmas Evans. 

It was, however, as a bard and writer that Robert 
Ellis excelled. He published a commentary on the 
New Testament in three volumes, as well as several 
lectures and pamphlets bearing on ecclesiastical 
and theological subjects. He devoted much at- 
tention to Welsh literature. His productions are 
characterized by strength and purity, and that in- 
definable something which always accompanies 
genius. To the antiquarian and the bard, Robert 
Ellis was a consummate master and an acknowl- 
edged authority. As long as the Welsh language 
is spoken his name and memory will be held in 
veneration. 

EUison, Rev. Matthew, was bom Nov. 10, 1804. 
He belongs to a family of preachers, his father. 
Rev. James Ellison, and three of his brothers 
having been Baptist ministers. He is now one of 
the oldest pastors in West Virginia, and is still 
actively engaged in the work of the Master. By 
close application in his youth he secured a liberal 
education, and has made good use of it. It is 
probable that he has traveled more than any other 
minister in the State. He has preached as supply 
for as many as nine churches at a time, and some 
of them sixty miles apart, and has had a meagre 
financial support. 

Mr. Ellison is an author of some celebrity. He 
has written a book on " Dunkerism," a " Plea for 



the Union of Baptists," etc. He has baptized 2000 
persons and organized 25 churches. He is one of 
the most prominent of our West Virginia ministers. 
He has an excellent reputation as a Biblical student 
and a controversialist. 

When he was seventy-five years of age he gave 
up all his chui-ches, spent the winter in writing, 
and in the spring he began to sell Bibles for the 
American Bible Society. His home is now at 
Raleigh Court-IIouse, W. Va. 

Ellyson, Hon. Henry K., was bom in the city 
of Richmond, Va., on the 31st of July, 1823. When 
fourteen years ef age he was apprenticed as a 
printer. While learning his trade his father died, 
and he had a mother and sisters to provide for. 
Having served his apprenticeship, he started a small 
job printing-office, and by the strict, methodical 
business habits, patient industry, and incorruptible 
integrity which have marked his entire life, he soon 
acquired a profitable business and the confidence 
and esteem of the city. In 1854 he was elected to 
the House of Representatives, and served for two 
terms. In 1857 he was elected sheriff of the city, 
then a lucrative and very responsible office. By 
successive elections he was continued in the same 
office until 1865. 

After the fall of Richmond he and Jas. A. Cow- 
ardin re-established the Dailij Dispatch, the most 
influential and widely-circulated journal in the 
State. In 1870 he was elected mayor of Richmond. 
Mr. Ellyson joined the Second Baptist church in 
Richmond at an early age, and has been a model 
member ever since, punctual at all meetings, ac- 
tive in all work, liberal in his gifts, and pure in 
his life. For more than thirty years he has been 
superintendent of the Sunday-school, and for 
twenty years an active member of the Board of 
Foreign Missions of the Southern Baptist Conven- 
tion. 

In 1847 he was elected corresponding secretary 
of the State Mission Board of the General Associa- 
tion of Virginia, and in the administration of its 
affairs has displayed conspicuous tact, energy, abil- 
ity, and faith. He has not received one cent as 
compensation for his services. To Mr. Ellyson's 
marvelous fitness for his office are the Baptists of 
Virginia largely indebted for their growth and in- 
fluence. In 1851, excluding statistics that belong 
to the present West Virginia, there were in A'ir- 
ginia 471 ministers and 81,557 members. In 1880 
there are 703 ministers and 205,909 members. 

Mr. Ellyson has been long identified with the 
business interests of Richmond, being connected 
with the management of banks, railroads, steam- 
boats, and insurance companies. His sons are ac- 
tive in religious and business matters. His home, 
where father, mother, daughter, sons, and their 
wives live as a happy Christian family, has been a 



ELTON 



ELY 



home as well for hundreds of Baptist preachers. 
Mr. Ellyson's life is an example and a stimulus, 
showing how much consecrated time and property 
and talents, outside of the ministry, can accomplish 
for the Master. 

Elton, Romeo, D.D., was born in Ellington, 
Conn., probably in 1790. He spent his early days 
on the farm of his father, but was unfitted by tem- 
perament and physical weakness for agricultural 
pursuits. He became a member of Brown Uni- 
versity, and graduated in the class of 1813. Hav- 
ing devoted some time to the study of theology, he 
was ordained as the pastor of the Second Baptist 
church in Newport, R. I., June 11, 1817. He had 
a successful ministry, and greatly endeared himself 
not only to the people of his own church, but to 
the community in which he lived, by his gentleness 
and suavity, and his upright Christian deportment. 
Ill health obliged him to resign. The same cause 
also forced him to give up his ministry in Windsor, 
Vt., whither he had gone from Newport. An in- 
vitation having been extended to him to take the 
chair of Professor of the Latin and Greek Lan- 
guages in Brown University in 1825, he spent two 
years abroad, chiefly in Germany, in preparing 
himself for the duties of his office. For sixteen 
years, from 1827 to 184.3, he was connected with 
Brown University. He won the affection of his 
pupils by his kindness of manner, and no man 
could come under his influence without acknowl- 
edging him to be truly a Christian gentleman and 
scholar. He was peculiarly sensitive and delicate 
in his temperament, and was especially careful not 
to wound the sensibilities of those who came under 
his instructions. 

After resigning his professorship and passing a 
few months with his relatives, he went to England, 
and resided in Exeter for twenty-two years, and in 
Bath two years. While abroad he devoted himself 
to literary pursuits, preaching for Baptist and In- 
dependent churches as occasion presented. His 
life in England seems to have been a singularly 
pleasant one, congenial with his tastes, and pi-o- 
ductive of great satisfaction to him, by bringing 
him in contact with literary people and scholars of 
similar temperaments with his own. 

Dr. Elton returned to this country in 1869, and 
resided in Rhode Island and Boston, in which city 
he died, Feb. 5, 1870. He was the compiler of the 
" Remains of President Maxey," and wrote a me- 
moir of Roger Williams while he resided in Eng- 
land. Among other bequests which he made was one 
of $20,000 to establish a professorship of Natural 
Philosophy in Brown University, and nearly as 
much more to Columbian College to establish a 
professorship of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy. 

Elven, Rev. Cornelius, of Bury St. Edmund's, 
■Suffolk, was for fifty years the most widely-known 



and esteemed Baptist minister in the eastern coun- 
ties of England. He was born at Bury, Feb. 12, 
1797, and received a good education. His family 
belonged to the Congregationalists, but in early 
manhood he was convinced of the Scriptural char- 
acter of Baptist principles, and although the Bap- 
tist church in Bury was at that time very weak in 
numbers and influence, he loyally followed his 
convictions, and was baptized May 6, 1821. Dis- 
playing gifts which could not be hid, he was in- 
vited to preach, and on the retirement of the pastor 
the church called him to be his successor. He was 
ordained July, 1823. For nearly forty-nine years 
he actively labored in word and doctrine in this one 
field, winning in his native place universal esteem 
and affection, and crowned with ministerial success. 
Even in his declining years he was an attractive 
preacher. He had a rich fund of humor, and a 
most retentive memory, which he laid under tribute 
with remarkable effect in illustrating and pressing 
home divine truth. The common people heard him 
gladly, and the educated were charmed by his 
naturalness of manner, his fine appreciation of the 
best things in literature, and his transparent clear- 
ness of thought. In earlier life he was a bountiful 
helper of the poor, having then some private re- 
sources, and throughout his career his genial, 
kindly disposition was conspicuous. He was the 
firm friend of every good cause, and an effective 
advocate of liberty and progress. Very large in 
person, he frequently found it impossible to get into 
the box-pulpits with which country meeting-houses 
in England were usually furnished, and he pointed 
many a witticism at his own expense on such occa- 
sions. But although full of humor, and youthful 
in feeling even in old age, he was ever faithful to 
his calling as a minister of Christ, and by his pen 
as well as his voice delighted to proclaim the gospel 
of the grace of God. He died as he had lived, 
among his own people, Aug. 10, 1873, and the pub- 
lic demonstrations at his funeral showed that a 
prophet may sometimes at least be honored in his 
own city. 

Ely, Hon. Lewis B., was born May 18, 1825, in 
Frankfort, Ky. ; converted in 1841 ; baptized by 
Rev. W. C. Ligon in 1842, and united with the Bap- 
tist church at Carrolton, Mo. In 1844 he formed 
the mercantile firm of Hill & Ely in Carrolton, 
where he still lives, and has been a successful and 
honorable business man. He is a deacon of his 
church, and superintendent of its Sunday-school. 
He has been moderator of the Missouri Valley As- 
sociation, a member of the executive board of the 
State Association, for ten years a trustee of Wil- 
liam Jewell College, twice moderator of the Gen- 
eral Association, and he is now financial agent of 
the college. He is unassuming, and his honors are 
pressed upon him. Self-denial, labor, benevolence, 



EMERY 



ENGLAND 



humility, and sincere devotion to Christ mark his 
character. He stands among the foremost of Mis- 
souri Baptist laymen as a brother beloved and as a 
servant of Christ worthy of the esteem and affection 
of all the friends of Jesus. 

Emery, Rev. J. W., was bom in Grafton, Vt., 
May 12, 1823. His father, James Emery, removed 
to the State of New York in 1831 and settled in 
Tioga County, then a thinly-settled community. 
Under the preaching of Elder Thomas S. Shear- 
down the subject of our sketch was converted, and 
was baptized by him in the fall of 1837. He was 
licensed to preach in 1851, and ordained in 1852. 
He gave himself with much fervor to the work, not 
only serving all his life since as pastor of some 
church, but doing the work of an evangelist almost 
constantly. Perhaps no man in the State has been 
more abundant in labors, or more largely blessed 
in the number of converts. He is a tower of 
strength wherever he has labored, and his services 
are in great demand. His pastorates have been in 
Barton, Candor, Caneseraga, Dansville, Big Flat, 
Cooper's Plains, North Parma, Walworth, Attica, 
Bath, with the last of which he has remained since 
1870. He has been an earnest advocate of the 
strict old Baptist faith and practice for moi-e than 
half a century, and a firm supporter of all Baptist 
institutions and enterprises. The dew of his youth 
is still upon him. 

England, The Baptist of, a weekly family news- 
paper, was started about seven years ago as a low- 
priced Baptist paper of a strictly denominational 
character. It is now published at two cents a week 
by Elliot Stock, 62 Paternoster Row, London, and 
it has obtained an established position. Both sec- 
tions of the English Baptists, the General or Ar- 
minian, and the Particular or Calvinistic Baptists, 
are represented by it. 

England, The Baptist Magazine of, was com- 
menced in 1809, and is the oldest of existing Eng- 
lish Baptist periodicals. It is published monthly, 
and contains original articles on devotional, literary, 
and general religious subjects by leading members 
of the denomination. For many years it was edited 
by the Rev. William Groser, and was highly prized 
not only for tlie usual excellence of its contents, 
but especially for its biographical sketches. Sev- 
eral of the leading ministers of the denomination 
have at different times taken part in conducting the 
magazine. S. Manning, D.D., LL.D., now secre- 
tary of the Religious Tract Society of London, and 
the Rev. W. G. Lewis, the present editor, were 
notably successful in enlisting the services of able 
writers, including some of the most eminent pas- 
tors. From the commencement the profits arising 
from the sale have been given to the widows of 
Baptist ministers at the recommendation of the 
contributors. The total amount of these grants up 



to the present time (1880) is over §35,000. One 
excellent feature of the magazine is the publishing 
of the Missionary Herald under the same wrapper, 
so that its readers are put in possession of the facts 
of the work of the Baptist Missionary Society from 
month to month. It is published by Yates & Al- 
exander, Castle St., Holborn, London. 

England, The Baptist Missionary Society 
of, owes its origin, under God, to the energy and 
faith of William Carey. Although other men of 
similar mould had a share in the glory of reviving 
the missionary zeal of the churches of Christ, the 
name of Carey stands pre-eminent. It was while 
he was living at Moulton, Northamptonshire, as 
pastor of the feeble Baptist church in that village, 
and keeping school to make his income equal to his 
wants, that the great object of his life first pre- 
sented itself forcibly to his mind. When teaching 
the village children geography, pointing out the dif- 
ferent countries and peoples of the world on the map, 
and saying again and again, " These are Christians. 
and these are Mohammedans, and these are Pagans,"' 
it occurred to him, " I am now telling these chil- 
dren as a mere fact a truth of the most melancholy 
character." This simple thought was the germ of 
modern missions. His attention was arrested ; his 
sympathies were aroused ; he searched the Bible 
and prayed earnestly to ascertain what was the 
duty of Christians to the heathen world. After 
keeping his thoughts to himself for some time, he 
ventured to introduce it as a subject of conversa- 
tion when he met his ministerial brethren. At a 
fraternal meeting of ministers at Northampton, he 
proposed as a topic for discussion, "The duty of 
Christians to attempt the spread of the gospel 
among heathen nations;" but he had hardly uttered 
the words when Mr. Ryland, Sr., sprang to his feet 
and denounced the proposition. " Young man, sit 
down ; when God pleases to convert the heathen, 
he will do it without your aid or mine." Andrew 
Fuller, who was present, said that his own feelings 
respecting the pi-oposal were very like those of the 
incredulous courtier in Israel, " If the Lord should 
make windows in heaven, might such a thing be !" 
Carey, however, was nothing daunted by the frowns 
and doubtings of his brethren. At length a few 
kindred spirits expressed sympathy, feeble at first, 
but gathering strength continually, and he pre- 
pared a pamphlet on the subject, which he showed 
in manuscript to Mr. Fuller, Mr. Sutcliffe, and Dr. 
Ryland. They urged him to revise it, and coun- 
seled deliberation, more in the hope of escaping 
from his importunities than from any serious pur- 
pose of encouraging his project. In 1789 Carey re- 
moved to Leicester, where his circumstances were 
somewhat improved, and his opportunities for pros- 
ecuting his missionary studies were multiplied. 
He continued to press the subject upon the minds 



ENGLAND 



ENGLAND 



of l)is brethren in the ministry, especially seeking 
to win the approval of the younger men who were 
risincr into denominational influence. At a meet- 
ing held at Clipston in 1791, the discourses de- 
livered appeared to bear a missionary aspect, and 
Carey urged that some practical steps should be 
taken then and there ; but those who sympathized 
with him most shrank from the responsibility, and 
pronounced the plan too vast for their obscure posi- 
tion and limited resources. They advised him, 
however, to publish his manuscript, which he had 
revised and re-revised at their suggestion, before the 
next meeting of the Association, to be held at Not- 
tingham, in May, 1792. It was arranged that Carey 
should preach, and having announced his text 



ergy overcame all objections and difficulties, and 
under his influence, with fervent prayer for di- 
vine assistance, the Baptist Missionary Society was 
formed. A committee of five was appointed, consist- 
ingof AndrewFuiler, JohnRyland, Reynold Hogge, 
John SutclifFe, and William Carey. Mr. Fuller was 
made secretary, and Mr. Ilogge treasurer, and a 
subscription was immediately taken up of £13 2s. 
6d. No sooner was the subscription thus filled up 
than Carey ofFei-ed himself as a missionary, ready 
to embark for any part of the heathen world to 
which they might choose to send him. As soon as 
Samuel Pearce came back from the Kettering meet- 
ing to his people at Birmingham, he aroused their 
interest so much that upwards of five times the 




THE HOUSE IN KETTERING, ENGLAND, IN WHICH THE BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY WAS FORMED. 



(Isaiah liv. 2, 3), he deduced the two proposi- 
tions which have become familiar sayings all over 
the woi'ld, (1st) expect great things from God ; (2d) 
attempt great things for God. Into this discourse 
he poured the long pent-up feelings of his soul 
with electrical effect. But when the excitement 
of the hour had passed away, the feelings of hesi- 
tation and doubt again appeared, and it needed 
an indignant expostulation from Cai-ey to' procure 
the passage of a resolution that a plan should be 
prepared against the next ministers' meeting for 
the establishment of a society for propagating the 
gospel among the heathen. This meeting in due 
time convened at Kettering, on the 2d of Oc- 
tober, 1792. After the usual services of the day, 
the ministers, twelve in number, proceeded from the 
meeting-house to the parlor of the mansion of Mrs. 
Beeby Wallis, a widow lady, a member of Mr. 
Fuller's church, and there discussed the question 
of establishing a missionary society. Carey's en- 



amount of the original subscription was forwarded 
from Birmingham alone, and an auxiliary society 
was formed. This example was followed by other 
churches, and the committee soon found themselves 
possessed of no inconsiderable resources. Still the 
interest felt in the movement was local, and limited 
to comparatively few churches. The ministers and 
congregations in London deemed it a mere burst 
of wild enthusiasm, which would soon burn itself 
out. Andrew Fuller afterwards described the situ- 
ation in these words : " When we began, in 1792, 
there was little or no respectability among us ; not 
so much as a squire to sit in the chair, or an orator 
to make speeches to him. Hence good Dr. Sten- 
nett advised the London ministers to stand aloof 
and not commit themselves." Indeed, the only 
minister from whom Carey received any sympathy 
in the metropolis was a clergyman of the Estab- 
lished Church, the venerable John Newton, the in- 
timate friend of Dr. Ryland, of whom Carey said, 



ENGLAND 



371 



ENGLAND 



" He advised me with the fidelity and tenderness 
of a father." The determination to adopt India as 
the mission field was brounht about by a commu- 
nication from Mr. John Thomas, a physician, who 
had resided in Bengal for some years, and had long 
desired to promote Christian missionary operations 
in that country. On the receipt of Mr. Thomas's 
letter, Andrew Fuller went to London to make in- 
quiries regarding him, which proving satisfactory, 
the committee invited Mr. Thomas to join the so- 
ciety and accompany Carey. But obstacles arose 
which were not surmounted until several months 
had passed. Funds requisite for the expense of tlie 
voyage were raised with considerable difficulty, the 
wealthier members of the London churches being 
either opposed to the scheme, or apathetic. Then 
the question of getting a passage had to be solved. 
No English vessels were then allowed to go to 
India except those of the East India Company, and 
the captains of the company's ships were strictly 
prohibited to take passengers without a license 
from the India House. The East India Company 
being resolutely opposed to missionary operations, 
and all attempts to pi'ocure a license for the mis- 
sionaries having failed, it was finallj' determined to 
go without one. An arrangement was made, but 
at the last moment, after they had got on board the 
vessel, information arrived which compelled their 
leaving the ship. At length a Danish vessel bound 
to Calcutta was found, and terms being arranged 
through Mr. Thomas's energy, the party sailed 
on the 13th of June, 1793, and arrived safely in 
Calcutta on the 11th of November. New difficul- 
ties almost immediately arose. Their resources 
were inadequate, and Mr. Thomas's management 
of pecuniary matters was unfortunate. It became 
necessary for both missionaries to accept employ- 
ment, which was providentially offered in connec- 
tion with the indigo-factories of a Christian gentle- 
man, who compassionated their situation. Carey, 
for the next five years, regularly devoted a fourth 
and upwards of his salary to the objects of the 
mission. As soon as he had acquired sufficient 
fluency in the native language, he daily assembled 
the laborers and servants of the factory for Chris- 
tian worship and instruction, and constantly itine- 
rated in the surrounding villages. He also began 
the translation of the New Testament, and procured 
a printing-press. In 1796 he was joined by Mr. 
Fountain, who had been sent out by the society, and 
two years later Carey wrote to Fuller that new mis- 
sionaries might be introduced into the country as 
assistant indigo planters. Acting on this sugges- 
tion, and encouraged by the increase of the mis- 
sionary spirit in the churches, the committee sent 
out four missionaries and their families in 1799, two 
of whom died soon after their arrival, but the two 
others, Joshua Marshman and William Ward, were 



destined, in the course of Providence, to share with 
Carey in the establishment of Christian civilization 
in India. But the jealous suspicions of the Indian 
authorities had by this time gathered around Carey, 
and the new missionaries were landed at Serampore, 
a Danish settlement, before the Calcutta officials 
could arrest them. All eff'orts failing to procure per- 
mission to join Carey, he determined to make Seram- 
pore the headquarters of the mission, and arrived 
there with his family on the 10th of January, 1800. 
For nearly twenty-five years Carey, Marshman, and 
Ward continued to labor unitedly in what was 
known throughout the world as the work of the 
Serampore mission. They threw all their earnings 
into a common fund, and from this resource con- 
tributed nearly £80,000 to the work. Mr. and Mrs. 
Marshman conducted flourishing boarding-schools 
for many years, which secured the mission from 
pecuniary destitution in its earlier history. Carey 
was appointed Professor of Bengalee in Fort Wil- 
liam College, Calcutta, and devoted his salary to 
the mission work. Ward was a practical printer, 
and by his successful management of the printing 
department greatly aided the mission treasury. 
Providing thus for the permanent support of the 
mission, they gave opportunity for the sending out 
of other laborers, and attained a position of influence 
in the European cominunity at Calcutta. Their resi- 
dence under the Danish flag at Serampore secured 
them from the outbreaks of Anglo-Indian hatred of 
missions, and yet afforded all the advantagesof amet- 
ropolitan position for their work. In March, 1812, 
the printing-office with all its contents was totally 
destroyed by fire, but the calamity only served to 
test and develop the strength of the missionary spirit. 
Contributions poured in upon Mr. Fuller and the 
committee in England until the whole loss was more 
than covered. The death of Fuller, in 1815, was a 
severe loss, and was keenly felt, particularly by the 
older missionaries. Dr. Ryland succeeded him as 
secretary, assisted by Mr. Dyer, and diff"erences of 
opinion arose which ultimately led to the severance 
of the Serampore missionaries from the society. A 
separate organization in England undertook the 
charge of the Serampore work, and in 1818 the 
college Avas established. The abolition of the re- 
strictions on missionary work in India now gave 
free scope to evangelical zeal, and other commun- 
ions besides the Baptists entered in and possessed 
the land. But to Carey and his associates belongs 
the honor of " the forlorn hope." As Mr. J. C. 
Mai-shman, in his history of the Serampore mis- 
sion, justly says, " They were the first to enforce the 
necessity of giving the Scriptures to all the tribes 
of India. Their own translations were necessarily 
and confessedly imperfect ; but imperfections may 
be overlooked in the labors of men who produced 
the first editions of the New Testament in so many 



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of the Oriental languages and dialects, and gave 
that impulse to the work of translation which still 
sustains it. They were the first to insist on the 
absolute exclusion of caste from the native Chris- 
tian community and church. They established the 
first native schools for heathen children in Hin- 
doostan, and organized the first college for the edu- 
cation of native catechists and ministers. They 
printed the first books in the language of Bengal, 
and thus laid the foundation of a vernacular litera- 
ture ; and they were the first to cultivate and im- 
prove that language and render it a suitable vehicle 
for national instruction. They published the first 
native newspaper in India, and issued the first 
religious periodical. In all the departments of 
missionary labor and intellectual improvement they 
led the way, and it is on the broad foundation which 
they were enabled to lay that the edifice of modern 
Indian missions has been erected." "When the ju- 
bilee of the society was celebrated at Kettering in 
October, 1842, only one of its founders, Mr. Hogge, 
the first treasurer, remained alive. All the senior 
missionaries also had passed away, Dr. Marshman, 
the last survivor, having died in 1836. The breach 
which had taken place between the society and the 
Serampore brethren, after the death of Andrew 
Fuller, and which kept them apart for several 
years, had been healed. Missions had been estab- 
lished in the West Indies, which had been remark- 
ably successful, also in the Bahamas and Centi'al 
America. New stations had been opened in India 
and Ceylon, in connection with which many able 
and devoted missionaries, besides the Serampore 
band, had labored with encouraging results. At 
the end of the first fifty years the mission churches 
in India contained 978 native members, and about 
300 Europeans in separate fellowship. In Jamaica 
there were upwards of 25,000 church members ; in 
the Bahamas, 1176 ; and in Central America, 132. 
The work of translation had been continued by Dr. 
Yates and other brethren, so that the whole or 
part of the Scriptures, with myriads of tracts, in 
forty-four languages and dialects, attested their 
zeal and success. The funds contributed at the 
jubilee services enabled the society to enlarge its 
operations. New fields were opened in Western 
Africa, Trinidad, and Hayti. A mission in Brit- 
tany, France, which tlie Welsh churches had estab- 
lished, was adopted somewhat later, and a training 
college for the education of teachers and native 
ministers was founded at Calabar, Jamaica. In 
1859 the China mission was entered upon, and help 
was rendered to sustain Baptist mission work in 
Norway, Canada, and Germany. In 1867 the 
membership of the native churches in India had 
increased to 2300, after deducting all losses. The 
entire number of persons in fellowship in all the 
mission churches connected with the society, ex- 



clusive of the Jamaica churches, which had become 
self-sustaining in a great measure, was 6500. The 
translating and printing of the Scriptures and 
Christian literature have been greatly prospered 
during the later period of the society's history. No 
Indian mission has so remarkable a record in 
this department of Christian work. Dr. AV'enger, 
Rev. C. B. Lewis, and Rev. Mr. Rouse are on all 
hands recognized as worthy and distinguished suc- 
cessors of Carey and his coadjutors. In 1878 the 
report showed that the Indian mission still engaged 
the larger portion of the society's efibrts, but that 
new fields had been opened up in Western Africa and 
Italy. The total receipts for all purposes for the 
year amounted to £50,068 lis. 10c?., a large increase 
on the income of the preceding year. Among the 
more important features of the modern history of 
the society, the mission at Rome and in other parts 
of Italy is to be mentioned, and also the wonder- 
fully laborious and successful career of Mr. Saker 
in Western Africa. 

England, Legal Baptism in. — At this moment 
two clergymen of the Episcopal Church, established 
by law in England, are in prison for violating the ec- 
clesiastical enactments and decisions which claimed 
their obedience. Outside of the state church they 
could practise any customs agreeable to themselves 
and not injurious to others. But the laws of the 
Church of England have the force of civil statutes, 
and inflict secular pains and penalties upon those 
who break them. 

Dr. Richard Bui-n, a former chancellor of the 
diocese of Carlisle, compiled a body of ecclesiastical 
enactments, canons, customs, decisions, — a church 
code in short,— which he called " Ecclesiastical 
Law." He is an Episcopalian Blackstone very 
much in demand among the clergy of the English 
Church. Of the mode of baptism he says, "At 
first baptism was administered publicly as occasion 
served, by rivers. Afterwards the baptistery was 
built at the entrance of the church or very near it ; 
which had a large basin in it that held the persons 
to be baptized, and they went down by steps into 
it. Afterwards, when immersion came to be dis- 
used, fonts were set up at the entrance of the 
churches. 

"The priest taking the child into his hands, 
shall say to the godfathers and godmothers, ' Name 
this child ;' and then naming it after them, if they 
shall certify him that the child may well endure 
it, he shall dip it in thewater, discreetly and warily, 
saying, ' N., I baptize thee, in the name of the 
Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost ;' 
but if the child is weak it will suffice to pour water 
upon it." (Burn's Ecclesiastical Law, vol. i. pp. 
101, 103. London, 1787.) Until 1842 this work 
had passed through nine editions. The statement 
about the mode of baptizing in the above is the 



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doctrine of the Church of England, and it is at the 
same time the civil law of England for the admin- 
istration of baptism in the Established Church. 
Hence it follows, according to the highest authority 
on ecclesiastical law : 

1st. That in England baptism, in the beginning, 
was administered at rivers, and afterwards in a 
baptistery at the entrance of the church or very 
near it, with a basin large enough to hold the bap- 
tized, to which they went down by steps, before 
immersion was disused. 

2d. That if the godfathers and godmothers shall 
certify the clergyman that the child can well en- 
dure dipping, he must dip it, or risk civil penalties 
for his disobedience. 

3d. That pouring is not the proper mode of 
baptism in the Chui-ch of England, but a mere make- 
shift, which may ^' suffice'^ for weak children, but 
should never be administered to the healthy. 

English Baptists, Historical Sketch of.— The 

Christian religion was introduced into Britain in 
the second century, and it spread with great rapid- 
ity over the ancient inhabitants, — that is, over the 
Britons, or Welsh, not over the English, who came 
to their pi-esent home as pagans in the fifth century, 
and afterwards gave it their name. The ancient 
Britons, unlike the English, were not converted by 
missionaries from Rome, but apparently by minis- 
ters from the East, like Irenaeus, the Greek bishop 
of Lyons, in France. The Britons refused obedi- 
ence to the commands of the pope, and they ob- 
served some customs in opposition to the usages of 
the Romish Church. It is highly probable that 
when Augustine landed in Britain in the end 
of the sixth century, infants were not baptized in 
that country. '" Pedobaptisra was not known in 
the world the first two ages after Christ; in the 
third and fourth it was approved by a few. At 
length, in the fifth and following ages, it began to 
obtain in diverse places." Prof Curcellaeus, of 
Amsterdam, a Pedobaptist, states the truth in the 
foregoing declaration. (Crosby, iii., Preface, p. 
xviii.) As the Britons had no relations with 
Africa, the birthplace of infant baptism, and no 
religious ties with Rome, and little intercourse with 
the distant East at that period, it is most likely that 
the infant rite was wholly unknown among them. 
When Augustine had his celebrated conference with 
the British bishops at Augustine's Oak, in 603, he de- 
manded three things from them : " To keep Easter 
at the due (Roman) time; to administer baptism, 
by which we are again born to God, according to 
the custom of the holy Roman Apostolic Church ; 
and jointly with us to preach the Word of God to 
the English nation." Bede's report of this meeting 
in his " Ecclesiastical History," lib. ii. cap. 2, is 
undoubtedly true. By some the demand about 
baptism is regarded as infallible testimony that the 



ancient British at this time did not baptize infants. 
This view lays too much stress upon the report of 
Bede. The ancient Britons had a different tonsure 
from the Romish monks and their English sacerdo- 
tal converts, and the lack of uniformity about this 
practice was the cause of bitter controversy ; and 
so it is possible that the ancient Britons may have 
immersed infants, but with ceremonies obnoxious 
to Augustine. The probabilities, however, are al- 
together in favor of the view that they rejected the 
baptism of such children and unconscious babes as 
were immersed at that time in Rome. It should be 
remembered that in the Eternal City at this period, 
and for some ages later, little children were cate- 
chised and baptized twice a year. The truth about 
the Britons of Augustine's day is that they were 
most probably Baptists, and most assuredly not 
Roman Catholics. The Irish and Scotch in that 
day were in perfect harmony with the ancient 
Britons in wholly rejecting papal authority, and 
most probably infant baptism. St. Patrick was 
converted just as Christians are now, he baptized 
converts in rivers and wells, as may be seen in 
"The Baptism of the Ages," and to us he appears 
to have been a Baptist missionary ; his religious 
successors in Ireland, and in the Scotch churches 
which sprang up from their missionary labors, and 
the ancient British churches, continued independent 
of Rome for a considerable period, and gradually 
fell into the papal apostasy, the Irish yielding last 
to the sacerdotal tyranny of the Seven Hills. 

Among the people now called English, the An- 
gles, Jutes, and Saxons, who first began to enter 
Britain in the middle of the fifth century, and 
whose conversion to Romish Christianity com- 
menced in the end of the sixth. Baptist doctrines 
had no place for ages after the death of Augustine,, 
their apostle. 

In the twelfth century about thirty Publicans of 
foreign birth appeared in England. They were 
rustic in their manners, blameless in their lives, and 
their leader, Gerhard, was a man of some learning. 
They made one Englishwoman a convert to their 
doctrines. She was probably the first Baptist of 
Anglo-Saxon birth. These persons took " the doc- 
trine of the Apostles as their rule of faith." They 
were orthodox about the Trinity and the incarna- 
tion, but " they rejected baptism and the holy Eu- 
charist ;" that is, they rejected infant baptism, like 
their Albigensian brethren on the Continent, and 
the Romish mass, together with the remaining papal 
sacraments. A council of bishops met at Oxford 
in 1160 to try these pious rejectors of papal author- 
ity, and when they were threatened with punish- 
ment for refusing to submit to the Catholic Church, 
they replied, " Blessed ai-e they that suffer perse- 
cution for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the- 
kinn;dom of heaven." The council condemned 



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them. Upon this Henry II.. ordered them to be 
whipped out of town after being branded in the 
forehead, and he forbade any one " to entertain 
them or give them any manner of relief." They 
endured their suiferings joyfully, and departed, led 
by Gerhard, singing, " Blessed are ye when men 
shall hate you." The severity of the winter, the 
superstitious dread of heresy, and the terror of the 
king, destroyed these poor people by hunger and 
cold. (Collier's Eccles. Hist, of Great Britain, ii. 
262-63. London, 1840.) 

That there were numbers who held Baptist sen- 
timents among the Lollards and the followers of 
Wickliffe we have no reason to doubt. Robinson, 
the Baptist historian, says, " I have now before me 
a MS. register of Grey, bishop of Ely, which proves 
that in the year 1457 there was a congregation of 
this sort (Baptist) in this village where I live, who 
privately assembled for divine worship and had 
preachers of their own, who taught thcTu the very 
doctrine which we now preach. Six of them were 
accused of heresy by the tyrants of the district, and 
condemned to abjure heresy, and do penance half 
naked, with a faggot at their backs, and a taper in 
their hands, in the public market-place of Ely and 
Cambridge, and in the church-yard of Great Swaff- 
ham." The charges against them in substance 
were, that " they denied infant baptism (item, quod 
puer . . . nee egeat, nee baptizari debeat . . .) j 
that they rejected extreme unction; and said that 
the pope was antichrist, and his priests were devils 
incarnate." (Robinson's Notes on Claude's Essay, 
ii. 53, 55.) These Baptists held the truth before 
Luther preached the doctrine of justification by 
faith, or Cranmer favored the Refortnation in Eng- 
land. We have reason to suppose that in the mul- 
titudes of English Lollards there were many Ana- 
baptists, and not a few conventicles like the one at 
Chesterton. 

In 1538, according to Bishop Burnet, " there 
was a commission sent to Cranmer, Stokesly, 
Sampson, and some others, to inquire after Ana- 
baptists, to proceed against them, to restore the 
penitent, to burn their books, and to deliver the 
obstinate to the secular arm." At this period the 
Baptists in England were circulating their denomi- 
Tintional literature, and were sufficiently numei-ous 
to disturb the head of the nation. In 1560 the 
Anabaptists were not only numerous in England, 
but some of them were " creeping into Scotland," 
and John Knox was afraid that they might " insidi- 
ously instill their poison into the minds of some of 
his brethren," and he lifted his powerful pen against 
our people, to refute their arguments, and to keep 
them out of Scotland. In 1553, when the great 
Scotch Reformer was in London, an Anabaptist 
•called upon him at " his lodging" and '' gave him a 
book written by one of this party, which he 



him to read." (McCrie's Life of John Knox, 
p. 137. Philadelphia, 1845.) Ivimey (i. 138) says, 
" It is thought the General Baptist Church of Can- 
terbury has existed for two hundred and fifty years 
(written in 1811), and that Joan Boucher was a 
member of it, who was burned in the reign of Ed- 
ward VI." This would make 1561, the year when 
the church was founded, but it must have existed 
eleven years earlier if Joan of K^nt belonged to it; 
and it may have been older than 1550. Ivimey 
represents the cliurch at Eyethorne as formed be- 
fore 1581. Dr. Some, an English Episcopalian, of 
great repute, wrote a treatise in 1589 against Bar- 
row, Greenwood, and others of the Puritan sect, 
" wherein he endeavored to show what agreement 
there was between the opinions of the English Ana- 
baptists and these men. Dr. Some acknowledges 
that there were several Anabaptistical conventicles 
in London and other places, that some of this sect, 
as well as the Papists, had been bred at the uni- 
versities." (Crosby, i. 76.) At this period the Bap- 
tists with separate places of meeting and educated 
ministers must have been in the enjoyment of con- 
siderable prosperity. 

In 1611, Thomas Helwys, pastor of the English 
Baptist church of Amsterdam, in Holland, con- 
cluded that it seemed cowardly to stay out of his 
country to avoid persecution, and that it was his 
duty to return and preach the truth at home, and 
cheer his suffering brethren ; his church, when 
he gave his reasons, agreed to go with him ; and 
probably in 1612 the Amsterdam English Baptist 
church was in London, and very soon became a 
strong community. 

In 1620 the English Baptists presented King 
James I. a very able petition, in which they declare 
their loyalty, tell his majesty about their grievous 
imprisonment "for many years in divers counties 
in England," explain their principles, and appeal 
to the king, and to the Parliament then sitting, to 
relieve them from persecutions. At this period 
there was undoubtedly a considerable number of 
Baptists in England ; some of them formed into 
churches, and others scattered throughout the 
nation. The foundation was in existence for that 
magnificent denominational success which thirty 
years later astonished Baptists themselves and 
utterly confounded those who disliked them. 

PARTICULAR BAPTISTS. 
In 1616 a Congregational church was established 
in London, of which Henry Jacob was the first 
pastor. His successor in 1633 was John Lathorp. 
At that time certain members of the church holding 
Baptist sentiments sought its sanction to form a 
church of loaptized believers. The approval was 
given. The new church was organized Sept. 12, 
1633. This community was the first English Cal- 



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vinistical or Partieiilar Baptist church whose special 
history we can trace with the greatest facility. 
John Spilsbury was its first pastor. (Crosby, i. 
148.) 

The Protectorate was a period of remarkable 
Baptist growth. Our brethren were full of zeal. 
They used the press in every direction ; peddlers 
cried Baptist books for sale up and down the streets 
of cities and towns as newsboys invite customers 
among us for the daily papers ; tracts were dis- 
tributed in the army and elsewhere ; sermons were 
preached in the streets by brethren and on the 
doorsteps by sisters, like the godly women of Bed- 
ford who told John Bunyau about the Saviour; 
soldiers preached to each other in the barracks and 
on the march ; and the officers were heralds of sal- 
vation when they had an opportunity. And as a 
result Baptist principles triumphed to an extent 
that created wonder and alarm. 

Maj.-Gen. Overton, according to Clarendon,* was 
a Baptist, a man of great religious fervor, and a 
fearless soldier. Gen. Lilburn was an enthusiastic 
Baptist. Lieut. -Gen. Fleetwood, the son-in-law of 
Cromwell, as the " Parliamentary IIistory"t states, 
was a Baptist. Kichard BaxterJ represents Gen. 
Ludlow, the commander-in-chief of the forces in 
Ireland, as " the head of the Anabaptists in that 
country." Gen. Harrison was a Baptist worthy of 
immortal regard. Clarendon describes " Vice-Ad- 
miral Lawson as a notorious Anabaptist who had 
filled the fleet with officers and mariners of the 
same principles. "g Of the governors and colonels 
the number belonging to the Baptists was remark- 
able. And wherever the English army or fleet was 
found the Baptists made themselves felt. Ivimey|| 
quotes a letter from Capt. Richard Deane to Dr. 
Barlow, bishop of Lincoln, in which he says, " In 
the year 1649 the Baptists greatly increased in the 
country, and their opinions did likewise spread 
themselves into some of the regiments of horse and 
foot in the army ; and in 1650 and afterwards some 
professing this opinion were called from their pri- 
vate employments and preferred to commands at 
sea. Among others Capt. Mildmay, to command 
the admiral's flag-ship, under the Duke of Albe- 
marle (Monk), when he was one of the 'generals 
at sea' ; Capt. Pack, to command the flag-ship under 
Sir George Ascue, rear-admiral ; Sir John Ilarman 
to command the admiral's flag-ship under his royal 
highness the Duke of York." " In and after 1649 
their numbei'sdid increase, insomuch that the prin- 
cipal officers in divers regiments of horse and foot 



* Clarendon's *Iistoi-y of the Rebellion, Hi. 60, 72S. Oxford, 
706. 

t Evans's Early English Baptists, ii. 199, 200, 214. London. 
X Baxter's Life, 69, 70. 

I History of the Kebellion, iii. 72S. Oxford, 1706. 
Ij Ivimey's History of the English Baptists, i. 2D5, 296. London. 



became Anabaptists, particularly Oliver Cromwell's 
own regiment of horse, when he was captain-gen- 
eral of all the Parliament's forces ; and in the 
Duke of Albemarle's own regiment of foot, when 
he was general of all the English forces in Scot- 
land." The writer of this letter was a Baptist, 
and a ''general at sea" with Gens. Blake and 
Monk. In that day this title meant the highest 
grade of admiral. Gen. Lilburn's troops had a 
large representation of Baptists, who held religious 
meetings wherever they were on duty ; and their 
denominational sympathies were as well known 
in England as the Presbyterianism of Sir Ar- 
thur Haslerig, or the Congregationalism of Oliver 
Cromwell. Thomas Harrison writing Secretary 
Thurloe from Dublin in 1655,T[ describing the Bap- 
tists in Ireland, says, " They have governors of 
towns and cities, twelve at least ; colonels, ten ; 
lieutenant-colonels, three or four ; majors, ten ; 
captains, nineteen or twenty ; officers in the civil 
list, twenty-three ; and many [others] of whom I 
never heard." The writer of this letter begins it 
with expressions of sorrow for a country with such 
a list of Baptists in official positions. These Bap- 
tists were all Englishmen temporarily located in 
Ireland. Probably in the list above Col. Sadler, 
the governor of Galway, is counted, who, according 
to Heath,** with all his officers, were Anabaptists. 
The most remarkable record of Baptist progress in 
the English army in Ireland we have from the 
ready pen of good, murmuring Richard Baxter. 
He says that in Cromwell's sway, " In Ireland the 
Anabaptists were grown so high that many of the 
soldiers were rebaptized [immersed] as the way to 
preferment ; afid they who opposed them were 
crushed with uncharitable fierceness." This is a 
proof of popularity and influence, the force of 
which we can easily appreciate. The unprincipled 
heathen enrolled themselves as Christians when 
Constantine the Great proclaimed himself a fol- 
lower of the Redeemer. And in Ireland, as Mr. 
Baxter affirms, Baptist principles were so precious 
to men in power that Pedobaptist soldiers, with an 
accommodating conscience, professed to adopt them 
to secure higher positions in the army. In a letter 
addressed to Cromwell, and preserved by Thurloe, ff 
his principal secretary, written after he made him- 
self a dictator, and after he began to persecute 
Baptist soldiers because they disliked his despotical 
assumptions, it is asked, " Have not the Anabap- 
tists filled your towns, your cities, your provinces, 
your castles, your navies, your tents, your armies, 
except that which went to the West Indies, which 
prospered so well?" This army was shamefully 



1[ Thnrloe's State Papers, iv. 91. London, 17-12. 

** Heath's Chronicles, p. 438. 

tt Thnrloe's State Papers, iii. 150-1. Loudon, 1 



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defeated at Hispaniola. The writer then puts some 
other questions to the Lord Protector : " 1st. 
Whether you had come to that height you are now 
in if the Anabaptists had been as much your ene- 
mies as they were your friends? 2nd. Whether 
the Anabaptists were ever unfaithful either to the 
Commonwealth, &c., in general, or to your highness 
in particular? 3rd. Whether Anabaptists are not 
to be commended for their integrity, which had 
rather keep good faith and a good conscience, al- 
though it may lose them their employment [in the 
army], than to keep their employment with the 
loss of both? . . . 6th. Whether one hundred of 
the old Anabaptists, such as marched under your 
command in 1648, 1649, and 1650, &c., be not as 
good as two hundred of your new courtiers, if you 
were in such a condition as you were at Dunbar?" 
It was at Dunbar, near Edinburgh, where Crom- 
well gained a great victory over 30,000 splendid 
Scotch troops, with an army not more than 10,000 
strong of all arms, and greatly discouraged by sick- 
ness and want, many of whom were valiant Ana- 
baptists. From this letter, the truth of which can- 
not be questioned, the Baptists occupied many 
positions of great importance and power under the 
Commonwealth and under Cromwell. 

But the most convincing evidence of the influence 
possessed by the Baptists just before the restoration 
of Charles II. is found in the efforts made by the 
Presbyterians to place that monarch on the throne. 
The first Stuart monarch of England renounced his 
Presbyterian education and professed principles, and 
ever, after he entered England, was a malignant 
enemy of the church of Calvin and Knox. His son, 
Charles I., was a wicked persecutoi' of everything 
boi'deringonPresbyterianism. CharlesII. before he 
ascended the throne of his fathers showed no reliable 
mark of improvement to win the favor of an honest 
Pi-esbyterian. Nor had he a single confidential 
friend whose character afforded one ray of hope that 
Chai-les was more favorably disposed to Presby- 
terianism than his father or his grandfather. The 
Presbyterians of England and Scotland restored 
Charles II. No one competent to give an opinion 
denies this. Why did they engage in such work? 
They have a grand character as the friends of 
liberty and of God. We have wept in reading 
the records of their martyrs, and gloried in the 
courage of their heroes. How came they to place 
on the throne of Great Britain and Ireland a 
treacherous Roman Catholic ? Guizot,* the French 
Protestant statesman, tells the secret when he 
says, "The king's interest is also supported by 
the Presbyterians, although they are republicans 
in principle; and it is only the fear that the Ana- 
baptists and other sectaries may obtain the govern- 



'■ Guizot's Richard Cromwell, i. 407. 



ment which leads them to oppose the present au- 
thorities." The Presbyterians at the period re- 
ferred to by Guizot, just before the restoration, had 
only been placed in possession of the government for 
the first time in several years. The Episcopalians, 
when Richard Cromwell withdrew from the gov- 
ernment, were of little account. The Independents 
and Cromwell had it for a long time ; and the new 
rulers were alarmed lest the Anabaptists should 
seize the reins of state and give lasting liberty of 
conscience, which to them was odious, and spread 
their principles still more widely through all ranks 
of society ; and they joined the old cavaliers to 
bring the royal exile from Breda because the Bap- 
tists were so numerous and powerful that they were 
afraid they might seize the government. The king, 
on obtaining the crown, crushed the Presbyterians 
without pity, and wickedly persecuted the Baptists. 
They were imprisoned in loathsome dungeons ; in one 
place sixty of them were confined in a room nine feet 
wide and fourteen feet long ; in many of the jails the 
Baptists were brought in such throngs that some 
had to stand while others lay down to sleep. Mul- 
titudes died through the foul air of the prisons. 
Others were kicked, beaten, and outrageously 
abused, until death came to their relief. Some 
were sold as slaves in Jamaica. Henry Forty was 
imprisoned twelve years in Exeter; John Bunyan, 
during the same period, in Bedford ; another min- 
ister twenty years in the same place ; and others 
were hung, drawn, and quartered. But the martyr 
spirit never exhibited itself more gloriously than 
among these Baptist worthies. Their enemies were 
confounded, if they were not conquered, by their 
blessed expressions and heroism, in losses, confine- 
ment, and agonizing pains. 

Their love of the widest liberty of conscience, 
and of pure democracy, had unquestionably an ex- 
tensive influence in shaping public opinion under 
Charles II. and James II. in Great Britain. So 
that at last the high-churchmen, whose fathers 
bled on many battle-fields for the divine right of 
kings and the passive obedience of subjects, began 
to believe that Englishmen had some rights which 
even kings should be compelled to respect; and 
James II., by the persuasive threatenings of an 
angry people, fled to France, and William III., 
the illustrious Hollander, ascended the throne of 
Britain with the joyful acclamations of most Eng- 
lishmen, and the speedy obedience of all ; and from 
him and the nation came " The Toleration Act," and 
an extension and consolidation of British liberty ; 
results of a glorious revolution, many of the seeds 
of which were planted by the teachi/igs and in- 
structive sufferings of our British Baptist fathers 
of the seventeenth century. 

From the persecutions of the last two Stuart kings 
the Baptists in England, for a long period, did not 



ENGLISH 



377 



ENGLISH 



recover. They had been robbed, murdered, com- 
pelled to emigrate, and destroyed in prison in thou- 
sands, nevertheless they continued to hope, and 
they labored faithfully for the Master. A time of 
religious declension darkening the latter part of the 
seventeenth and more than a third of the eighteenth 
century was as great a calamity to our brethren. 
In 1720 the Bristol Baptist college was founded, and 
in succeeding years it largely blessed the churches ; 
now there are five colleges in England among the 
Particular Baptists. The great awakening under 
the preaching of Whitefield exerted an immense in- 
fluence over Great Britain, in the blessings of which 
the Baptists shared. The descending Spirit contin- 
ued to favor them richly, and they projected the 
mission to India, and sent out Dr. Carey, the pioneer 
missionary of modern times. At present the Eng- 
lish Baptists are doing a noble work for their own 
country, and for various quarters of the heathen 
world. In England proper thei-e are 30 Associa- 
tions, 1954 churches, 1385 ministers, 195,199 mem- 
bers. 

It is probable that the first Baptist church in Ire- 
land, since the decline of early Irish Christianity, 
was planted in Dublin by Thomas Patient. He 
was a minister of apostolic zeal, and for years co- 
pastor with William Kiffin, of London. In 1653 
churches existed in Waterford, Clonmel, Kilkenny, 
Cork, Limerick, Wexford, Carrickfergus, and Kerry. 
But as the Baptist officers and soldiers of Crom- 
well's army left these localities the churches in 
some cases must have been immediately bi'oken up. 
At present the churches in Ireland number only 
29, with 1358 members. Baptist churches were 
planted in Scotland by Cromwell's soldiers. The 
church at Leith was among the very first. But, as 
in Ireland, our denomination has had little pros- 
perity, so we have failed seriously to impress the 
Scotch. We have 90 churches, and 9096 members, 
in the land from which the immortal Knox warned 
us. Many distinguished men have been identified 
with the British and Irish Baptists, such as Ilan- 
serd Knollys, William Kiffin, John Milton, .John 
Bunyan, John Gill, John Howard, William Carey, 
John Foster, Andrew Fuller, Robert Hall, Alex- 
ander Carson, the Haldanes, Sir Henry Havelock, 
C. H. Spurgeon, and others, sketches of whom 
will be found in this work. (See article on Welsh 
Baptists.) 

GENERAL BAPTISTS. 
Until 1633 we have no distinct account of the 
existence of an English Baptist church resting on 
a basis wholly Calvinistical. After that period the 
points of difference between the Arminian and Cal- 
vinistical churches are clearly defined. The Gen- 
eral Baptists Avere, and still nominally are, Armin- 
ians. Their first Confession of Faith was issued in 
25 



Holland in 1611. In 1660 they published another, 
which received the sanction of 20,000 persons. At 
this period, just after the unhappy assumption of 
royal power by Charles 'II., they were quite nu- 
merous. In 1678 another creed was published by 
a section of the General Baptists, which was de- 
signed to appi'oach Calvinism as closely as its coim 
pilei's dared. In 1691 the members of this boi. . 
living in Somersetshire and adjacent counties issueu 
another Confession. After having done much for 
the cause of God and truth, and grown to consid- 
erable strength, some of the General Baptists 
adopted Unitarian sentiments, and others followed 
their example. The innovation led to bitter con- 
troversies, and as in the similar case of the old 
English Presbyterians, to the decay and dissolution 
of churches ; this heresy caused deep sorrow to 
Christ's remaining friends, who mourned over the 
doctrinal errors and lax discipline of their churches, 
and at last, in 1770, they formed The New Con- 
nection of Genei-al Baptists, under the leadership 
of two pastors, Dan Taylor, of Wadsworth, York- 
shire, and W. Thompson, of Boston, Lincolnshire, 
for the purpose of reviving Scriptural piety and 
evangelical sentiments among the old General Bap- 
tists. Their first step was to send a deputation to 
the Assembly of General Baptists in London stating 
their reasons for separation, and bidding their 
former associates farewell. On the following d;' 
Dan Taylor preached to the new body from 2 Tim. 
i. 8 : " Be not thou ashamed of the testimony of our 
Lord," and presided over the meeting which then 
formally initiated the New Connection of General 
Baptists. In order that there might be no uncer- 
tainty as to what they considered the faith and 
practice of primitive Christianity, a creed of six 
articles was proposed and adopted, not as a com- 
plete exposition of their whole belief, but as a dec- 
laration of their views on the points which had 
been often debated between them and their old as- 
sociates. This creed was also intended to constitute 
a test, without agreement to which their former 
friends could not enter the new communion. It 
was also considered desirable that every minister 
should give an account of his religious experience 
at their next meeting in 1771, for their satisfaction 
concerning the reality of each other's conversion. 
The six articles expressed orthodox views concern- 
ing the fall of man, the nature and perpetual obli- 
gation of the moral law, the person and work of 
Christ, salvation by faith, i-egeneration by the Holy 
Spirit, and baptism. The last article reads as fol- 
lows : " We believe that it is the indispensable duty 
of all who repent and believe the gospel to be bap- 
tized by immersion in water, in order to be initiated 
into a church-state; and that no person ought to 
be received into the church without submission to 
that ordinance.'' The number of churches uniting 



ENGLISH 



378 



ENGLISH 



was seven only, some of them far asunder as to 
locality, but containing upwards of 1200 members. 
Repeated attempts were made to reunite the Old 
and New Connections, but without avail. The 
seceders went steadily forward in the work of edi- 
fication and extension, providing a collection of 
hymns, and a catechism containing the most im- 
portant principles of religion and reasons for dis- 
sent from state-churches. They agreed to hold an 
annual Association in different places, and to pub- 
lish a Circular Letter, written by appointment, to- 
gether with the minutes of each yearly meeting. 
In 1797 it was determined to provide assistance to 
candidates for the ministry. Pursuant to this reso- 
lution an academy was opened in January, 1798, in 
London, and placed under the care of the Rev. Dan 
Taylor. About the same time a magazine was 
started to aid in sustaining the academy. This 
■ enterprise having failed, another periodical was 
brought out, called the Repository, in which the 
general transactions of the body were recorded, and 
a medium of communication opened on subjects of 
common interest. The missionary spirit which had 
been aroused among the Particular Baptists found 
favor with many members of the New Connection, 
and contributions were made to the Baptist Mis- 
sionary Society. In 1816, however, it was resolved 
to form a new mission, the operations of which 
should be under the supervision of the annual As- 
sociation. The mission has labored with distin- 
guished efficiency and success, mainly in the prov- 
ince of Orissa, Bengal. Its income from all sources 
for the year ending May 31, 1877, was £9332. 
Home missionary work is carried on in the districts 
where the churches are chiefly found, under the 
management of conferences, from which reports are 
made to the annual assembly of ministers and del- 
egates. Most of the churches of which the New 
Connection was first constituted were located in the 
midland district of England, namely, Leicester- 
shire, Nottinghamshii'e, Lincolnshire, and Derby- 
shire. Although they now number 184 churches, 
and are scattered over twenty counties, the strength 
of the denomination is still found in the midland 
district. All the churches still unite in one Asso- 
ciation, meeting annually by their representatives 
for the transaction of business and for fraternal 
fellowship. The latest returns show a total mem- 
bership of nearly 25,000. The annual assembly 
consists of ministers who are members ex officio, 
and of representatives sent from the churches in a 
certain fixed ratio. It is never held in any place 
oftener than once in seven years. The affiliated 
churches are expected to contribute to the support 
of the denominational institutions, such as home 
and foreign missions and the college. If any church 
declines to render this support, it forfeits its right 
of speaking or voting in relation to these institu- 



tions. Whilst acknowledging the perfect inde- 
pendence of the churches, and avoiding all synodic 
action which would infringe it, the assembly claims 
the right to guard the faith and morals of the Con- 
nection, and, if need be, to cut off a church from 
fellowship. In like manner any minister convicted 
of heresy or immorality, even if his church should 
adhere to him, would be disowned, and his name 
erased from the ministerial list. As the name 
"General Baptist" indicates, the body professes the 
doctrine of " general redemption," in opposition to 
the doctrine of " particular redemption," which is 
the tenet of the Particular or Calvinistic Baptists. 
It is commonly supposed that the designation Gen- 
eral Baptist refers to the practice of open or free 
communion. But the article on baptism already 
cited is sufficient to show that the General Baptists 
restrict communion to the baptized. The practice 
of the ciiurches of the New Connection is not, how- 
ever, uniform in this matter. Another mistake is 
not uncommon, the origin of which is also traceable 
to the name. As "general" is sometimes taken in 
the sense oi univei'sal, it is presumed that the Gen- 
eral Baptists are Universalists, — a mistake which 
receives countenance from the fact that the old body 
from which the New Connection seceded has now 
almost entirely merged into the Unitarian denomi- 
nation. Efforts have been made from time to time 
to amalgamate the New Connection with the larger 
body known as the Particular Baptists, but no 
formal action has been taken by either section. 
Almost all the churches belong, however, to the 
Baptist Union of Great Britain and Ireland. Mem- 
bers are freely transferred by letters of dismission 
from one body to the other, and General Baptist 
churches sometimes choose Particular Baptist pas- 
tors, and some General Baptists have been settled 
over Particular Baptist churches. In later years' 
some of the ministers and churches of the New 
Connection have approximated to the views of 
modern Calvinists. The college at Chilwell, near 
Nottingham, for the training of ministerial stu- 
dents, is well sustained. It has fine premises, in- 
cluding a detached residence for the president, and 
between seven and eight acres of land. Many 
eminent ministers and missionaries have been sent 
forth from this institution, and the standard of 
ministerial education has been raised to as high a 
level as in other theological seminaries. The mis- 
sionary work of the body in Orissa has become 
famous through the zeal and success of such de- 
voted laborers as Sutton, Peggs, Goadly, Buckley, 
Stubbins, Barley, and others. Among those min- 
isters who have lately labored or are still laboring 
in the home field, the names of Pike, Stevenson, 
Hunter, Goadly, Burns, Matthews, Clifford, and 
Cox are widely known as preachers and writers of 
eminent ability and usefulness. Though possessing 



EPHRATA 



379 



ESTEE 



the field at an earlier day thaa their Calvinistical 
brethren, they have never obtained the same meas- 
ure of success. 

Ephrata is in Cocolico Township, Lancaster 
County, sixty miles from Philadelphia. In 1770 
the village was frequently called Tunkerstown 
(Dipperstown), and it had about thirty or forty 
buildings. Conrad Beissel, a Seventh-Day Baptist, 
located here in 1733, and soon a community which 
he had formed at Mill Creek, Pa., gathered around 
him. 

There were three places of worship in this vil- 
lage. One adjoined the apartments of the sisters, 
and it was regarded as their chapel, and one was 
near the house of the brethren for their use ; the 
third was a common church built some distance 
from the chapels, where brethren, sisters, and the 
married people, with their families, met once a 
week for worship. The churches wero called Sharon, 
Bethany, and Zion, and all belonged to the same 
small community. 

The sisters adopted the dress of nuns, and the 
brethren that of White Friars, with some altera- 
tions. Both took the vow of celibacy, and when 
any one broke the vow he quitted the single men's 
house and lived among the neighboring married 
people. Those devoted to a single life slept at first 
on board benches with blocks for pillows, but a 
little later they became backsliders somewhat, and 
used beds. The men wore their beards. The 
brethren obtained a living by farming, a printing- 
office, a paper-mill, a grist-mill, and an oil-mill ; 
and the sisters by spinning, weaving, and sewing. 
They kept the seventh day for the Sabbath. Their 
singing in worship was charming. Notwithstanding 
their peculiar appearance, a " smiling innocence 
and meekness grace their countenances and make 
their deportment gentle and obliging." This was 
their state in 1770 according to Morgan Edwards. 

Errett, Hon. Russell, was born in New York 
in 1817, and removed to Pennsylvania in 1829. 
He is by profession an editor, and has held va- 
rious public offices. In 1860 he was elected comp- 
troller of Pittsburgh ; he was clerk of the Penn- 
sylvania senate for three diSerent sessions ; was 
appointed paymaster in the U. S. army in 1861, 
and served until mustered out in 1866 ; he was 
elected to the State senate of Pennsylvania in 
1867 ; he was appointed assessor of internal rev- 
enue in 1869, serving until 1873. He was three 
times elected from the 22d district of the State as 
their Representative in Congress, in which capacity 
he is now doing good service. 

Russell Errett was baptized in Pittsburgh, and 
held his first membership in the church of the Dis- 
ciples, but coming to Mansfield, Alleghany County, 
he, together with his wife, united with the newly- 
formed regular Baptist church, and has found here 



a suitable home. His brother Isaac is editor of the 
Christian Standard, Cincinnati, 0., and was bap- 
tized at the same time. 

Mr. Errett is a conscientious Christian, a Repre- 
sentative of distinguished ability, and a public man 
of great purity of life. 

Espy, T. B., D.D., was born in Cass Co., Ga., in 
1837 ; educated at Howard College, Ala. ; three 




T. B. ESPY, D.D. 

years a chaplain in Confederate army ; pastor two 
years at Athens, Ga. ; then became pastor two years 
of First Baptist church, Little Rock, Ark. ; in 1873, 
in connection with T. P. Bootie, became editor and 
publisher of the Western Baptist, at Little Rock, 
which was suspended in 1879. He then became 
connected with the Baptist Reflector, and at present 
is connected with the American Baptist Flag, St. 
Louis, Mo. Dr. Espy has engaged creditably in 
four public discussions. His residence is Little 
Rock, Ark. 

Estabrooks, Rev. Elijah, was one of the pioneer 
Baptist ministers of New Brunswick, who often 
attended the meetings of the Baptist Association of 
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in its early his- 
tory, and was for many years pastor of the Baptist 
church at "VVaterbury, Queens Co., New Brunswick, 
and labored much in that county and in the settle- 
ments on the upper St. John, preaching the gospel 
earnestly and with marked tokens of God's approval. 

Estee, Rev. Sydney A., was born in Salem, 
Washington Co., N. Y., in 1808. At twenty years 
of age he united with the Baptist church of his 
native town, and, deciding to prepare for the min~ 



ESTEP 



380 



ESTY 



istry, studied at Cambridge Academy, and after- 
wards at Hamilton. His first settlement as pastor 
was at Westport, N. Y., subsequently at Ticonder- 
oga, in the same county. After several other pas- 
torates in that State he removed to Illinois, and was 
located at York, Belvidere, and Aurora, where he 
died Dec. 7, 1872. His ministry was marked by 
great usefulness. 

Estep, Rev. James. — For more than half a 
century this distinguished minister labored in 
Western Pennsylvania. Few men ever attained 
greater eminence as a clear thinker, a sound theo- 
logian, and an earnest preacher. He was born in 
Washington Co., Pa., Oct. 9. 1782. He died July 
26, 1861. He was baptized into the fellowship of 
the Mount Moi-iah Baptist church in April, 1802, 
and by this church he was licensed to preach two 
years after his baptism. For eighteen months prior 
to his entering the ministry lie was pursuing the 
study of medicine, but a sermon preached by the 
Eev. Morgan J. Rhees, then prothohotary of Som- 
ei'set Co., Pa., led him to deep reflection as to per- 
sonal duty, and in twenty days after he was found 
preaching. Long before hethoughtof entering the 
ministry he gave himself to reading works on di- 
vinity. In fact, from the first day of his conversion 
he was engaged in reading, meditation, and prayer. 
He was a warm friend of an educated ministry, and 
one of the most useful of Pennsylvania Baptist 
ministers. 

His life was spent in an eventful period. In his 
day, and in his immediate neighborhood, the Camp- 
bellites, or to use their own distinctive term, the 
Disciples, and the Cumberland Presbyterians came 
into existence. The church required just such a 
man, and infinite wisdom provided for the hour of 
need in raising up James Estep. 

Though years have rolled away since his death, 
no name is more frequently on the lips of surviving 
brethren than his. He honored God by a noble 
life, and he has honored his very memory to the 
present hour. 

Estes, Rev. Elliot, was born in Caroline Co., 
Va., on the 23d of July, 1795. At fifteen he was 
baptized by Rev. Andrew Broadus, under whose 
direction he pursued his studies. About 1829 he 
came to South Carolina, and entered upon the work 
of the ministry with the Euham and Coosamhatchie 
churches. 

He was remarkable for the firmness with which 
he held the leading doctrines of his denomination. 
No one in his section stood higher, intellectually or 
religiously. 

He died June 9, 1849, leaving a son and a 
daughter, the latter of whom has since followed 
him. The former. Rev. Andrew Broadus Estes, 
still lives within a few miles of the old homestead. 

Estes, Hiram Cushman, D.D., was born in 



Bethel, Oxford Co., Me., July 27, 1823. He was 
hopefully converted at an early age, and baptized 
in the spring of 1838. His preparatory studies 
were pursued at the Yarmouth Academy, and he 




HIRAM CUSHMAN ESTES, D.D. 

graduated at Waterville College in 1847. He went 
through the theological course of the divinity school 
at Harvard College, and was ordained pastor of the 
Baptist church in Auburn, Me., May 15, 1850, 
where he remained two years and a half. In Oc- 
tober, 1852, he accepted an appointment as agent 
of the American Baptist Missionary Union in the 
eastern New England district, comprising the State 
of Maine. He continued in this service for three 
years. Returning to the active duties of the min- 
istry, he was settled as pastor of the Baptist church 
in what was Trenton, now Lamoine, Me., from 
1855 to 1860. After a settlement of two j'ears in 
Leicester, Mass., he went to Jericho, Vt., where his 
pastorate continued ten years, from 1862 to 1872. 
On the 1st of January, 1873, he became pastor of 
the First Baptist church in Paris, Me., where he 
now lives. 

Dr. Estes received the honorary degree of Doctor 
of Divinity from Colby University in 1872. He is 
the author of a volume entitled " The Christian 
Doctrine of the Soul," of several printed discourses, 
and of various contributions to periodicals. He 
has seen something also of public life, having been 
a member of the House of Representatives of the 
State of Maine, and chairman of the Committee on 
Education. 

Esty, William S., was bom in Queensburg, 



EURE 



381 



EVANS 



York Co., New Brunswick, Oct. 4, 1797 ; was 
baptized and joined the Baptist church in Fred- 
ericton, New Brunswick ; was chosen deacon in 
1835, and still honors that office ; he has been 
almost sixty years devoted to the service of Christ 
and the church. His life has been full of use- 
fulness. 

Eure, Hon. Hills S. — Judge Eure was born in 
Gates Co., N. C, Feb. 10, 1835 ; graduated at the 
University of Nortii Carolina in 1859 ; was baptized 
by Dr. T. C. Teasdale at college, Oct. 6, 1856 ; read 
law with Judge Battle and Hon. Samuel F. Phillips 
at Chapel Hill ; served the counties of Gates and 
Chowan in State senate in 1860-62 and 1865 ; was 
captain of Co. G, North Carolina Cavalry, 2d Regi- 
ment, and was captured at Hanover, Pa., in 1863. 
In 1865-66 was elected solicitor of the first judicial 
district, and in August, 1874, judge of same district. 
An upright judge and a good farmer. 

Evans, Benjamin, D.D., was born at Bilston, 
England, May 13, 1803. In early life he became a 




BENJAMIN EVANS, D.D. 

member of the Baptist church in his native town, 
and in 1822 was received as a student for the min- 
istry at Horton College, Bradford. He was invited 
to the pastorate of the church at Scarborough, and 
settled there in 1825. For thirty-eight years he 
labored in this charge with great acceptance and 
usefulness, and was throughout one of the most 
popular and influential ministers of the town and 
district. His labors were abundant in every sphere 
of activity into which his ardent and generous na- 
ture led him. He was for years the foremost cham- 



pion of religious freedom in Scarborough, and was 
one of the first promoters of the anti-state-church 
movement. In philanthropic and benevolenteflforts 
ho was conspicuously useful, and in connection 
witli the denomination and its interests his liberality 
and zealous devotion were everywhere spoken of. 
He was called to the chair of the Baptist Union in 
1858, and delivered an address on " The early Eng- 
lish Baptists, their principles, their struggles, and 
their triumphs," a subject to which in later life he 
devoted himself with special interest and fervor. 
His literary efforts were continuous. He wrote a 
vast number of pamphlets on subjects of passing 
interest, and published a number of occasional ser- 
mons. For some years he conducted a monthly 
magazine for Sunday-schools, and aided by pen and 
purse to establish the leading denominational peri- 
odicals. The Freeman newspaper was projected by 
him, and for many years he contributed regularly 
to its columns. His books on " Popery" and " The 
Eai-ly English Baptists" had a large circulation, 
and his literary and public services were recognized 
by the University of Rochester with the honorary 
degree of D.D. Dr. Evans took a lively interest in 
the American Baptist Historical Society's objects, 
and rendered it viiluable services, which were most 
cordially appreciated. On his retirement from the 
pastorate in 1862 in broken health, he gave himself 
to benevolent enterprises which lay near his heart. 
He contributed generously both money and per- 
sonal service to the interests of the National Society 
for Aged and Infirm Baptist Ministers. He also 
organized, under the auspices of the Baptist Union, 
the Society for the Education of Ministers' Chil- 
dren, and was its president until his death. In 
1864 he took part in the founding of the new theo- 
logical institution now located at Manchester, and 
undertook the professorship of Ecclesiastical His- 
tory. He also edited a quarterly magazine identi- 
fied with the principles on Avhich the college was 
based, and to which he steadfastly adhered through 
life. In his long pastorate at Scarborough he main- 
tained a reputation which reflected honor upon the 
denomination and materially promoted the cause 
of evangelical religion. When his resignation was 
announced, the high esteem in which he was held 
by the public manifested itself in the presentation 
of an address and testimonial, signed by the mayor 
of the town and a number of prominent citizens. 
In acknowledging the testimonial. Dr. Evans was 
able to note the fact that among the signers there 
were some who thirty years before would have re- 
joiced to banish him from the place on account of 
his principles as a Dissenter and a Baptist. His 
end came unexpectedly. He was in his usual 
health, and had retired to his study with one of his 
family at the close of the day. During conversa- 
tion he suddenly reclined his head on the back of 



EVANS 



382 



EVANS 



his chair and without a word or movement of any 
kind " fell asleep." 

Evans, Rev. Benjamin, was born in Cardigan- 
shire, Wales, within the second decade of the pres- 
ent centui-y. He has been a conspicuous figure in 
all the great movements that have affected our 
denominational interests in the Welsh principality 
for the last forty years. Beside being a pastor of 
influential churches he has been a prolific writer. 
He was the originator of two monthly magazines, 
one of which he still edits with marked ability. 
His literary pioductions are highly appreciated for 
their keen analytical power. His " Key to the 
New Testament" passed through several editions 
and is still read. He is now engaged in pi-eparing 
expositions of several of the books of the New Tes- 
tament for a Family Bible, under the editorship of 
the Rev. Titus Lewis. 

But it is as a preacher that Mr. Evans excels. 
In spite of a sharp, unmusical voice he commands 
enthusiastic attention. There is not a man within 
the boundaries of the country whom the ministry are 
more delighted to hear. He is original to the last 
degree, and his sermons are frequently master-pieces 
of analytical thinking. The high estimate in which 
he is held by the denomination was demonstrated 
a few years ago by the presentation of a superb 
address, together with a testimonial of £300. 

Evans, Rev. Charles, was born in Bristol, 
England, April 14, 1791. Some time after his 
conversion he entered the college at Bristol. In 
1819 he was sent as a missionary to Sumatra, 
where he labored for a few years, and then re- 
turned to England, and was for a time pastor of a 
■church at Abergavenny, Wales, and afterwards in 
Dorchester, England, until 1840, when he came to 
this country and took charge of the church in 
South Reading, now Wakefield, Mass. Subse- 
quently he acted for a time as pastor of two 
churches in Michigan, and for fifteen years was an 
agent of the New York American Tract Society. 
His death occurred May 28, 1869. 

Evans, Christmas.— The Welsh pulpit found 
in Christmas Evans its brightest ornament. He 
was born on the 25th of December, 1766. In his 
early life there do not appear to have been any 
gleamings of power or genius. 

It only needed, however, the proper influences 
to sweep over the as yet chaotic wastes of that 
young man's soul to call forth order and harmony. 
Like his native hills enveloped in the mists and 
snows of winter, he only needed the sunshine to 
liberate his imprisoned powers. Nor had he to 
wait long. What spring is to the ice-bound earth 
a religious awakening was to Christmas Evans. It 
subdued his nature, changed his life, and called 
into activity all the dormant faculties of his hitherto 
sluggish soul. 



He learned to read his Welsh Bible in the course 
of a month, exulting not a little at the time in his 
achievement. His intense thirst for knowledge led 
him to borrow and read every book that the scant 




CHRISTMAS EVANS. 

libraries of the neighborhood afforded. It is note- 
worthy, in view of the imaginative brilliance which 
became the distinguishing characteristic of his men- 
tal processes, that one of the first books which 
he voraciously devoured was the " Pilgrim's Pro- 
He soon cherished the fixed intention of entering 
the ministry. The first formal attempt which he 
made at preaching was in the cottage of a tailor in 
the neighborhood, who it would appear was a man 
of more than ordinary intelligence, and who took 
a lively interest in aspiring merit. This effort was 
in every respect successful. 

Christmas Evans was a Baptist from conviction. 
He was for some years a member of a Pedobaptist 
community, and it was not until he began to study 
the New Testament carefully, with a view of ex- 
posing the Anabaptist heresy, as he was pleased to 
call it, that he discovered the utter untenableness 
of his position. He went into the royal armory to 
equip himself with weapons with which to slay an 
opponent, when to his dismay he found the edge of 
every blade turned against himself. '" Having read 
the New Testament through," says he, "I found 
not a single verse in favor of infant sprinkling, 
while about forty passages seemed to me to testify 
clearly for baptism on a profession of faith." After 
a struggle, which, however, was not protracted, he 



EVANS 



EVANS 



was baptized in the year 1788 in the river Duar by 
the Rev. Timothy Thomas. 

Some of the most exquisitely proportioned crea- 
tures are exceedingly ungainly vrhen young and 
undeveloped. It was even so with Christmas Evans. 
For some time it was difficult to determine whether 
he was a genius or a fool. With a temperament 
intensely fervid and a mind vividly imaginative, 
his sermons at this early day were as disjointed and 
grotesque as his personal appearance. That great 
preponderating faculty of his mind which in after 
years, under the mastery of a keen and well-bal- 
anced judgment and strong common sense, gave 
him unrivaled popularity, now but infused a capri- 
cious wildness into his utterances which astonished 
rather than impressed, and exposed to ridicule 
rather than to admiration. He soon, however, 
acquired that mental elasticity which made him the 
Samson of the Baptist hosts. 

The field upon which he expended well-nigh the 
whole of his fruitful life was Anglesea. Here he 
was for many years a quasi-bishop. But it would 
be impossible to form a correct idea of his labors 
without taking into account the frequent length- 
ened preaching excursions which he made into the 
most remote parts of the principality. It is said 
that he visited South Wales forty times in the course 
of his ministry, and preached one hundred and sixty- 
three Association sermons, each journey involving 
an absence from home of at least six or seven 
weeks, and occupied with incessant evangelistic 
work. 

Theinfluencewhichheexerted upon the churches, 
and upon the land, by these transient ministries, it 
is impossible to conjecture. Large congregations 
greeted him everywhere and at all seasons. The 
coming of Christmas Evans presaged a general hol- 
iday even in the midst of harvest. Whole neigh- 
borhoods flocked to hear him, and the eflFect of his 
preaching was such that the people, held by the 
spell long after the enchanter had left the scene, 
would continue sometimes weeping and rejoicing 
until the morning light reminded them that they 
were still in a world where ordinary duties de- 
manded attention. Nor were the impressions thus 
made ephemeral. In some instances strong churches 
grew up and flourished as the result of a single 
sermon. 

Forty years or more have passed since that voice 
which thrilled so many human hearts was hushed, 
but its rich melody remains as a grateful reminis- 
cence. Old men revert to their hearing Christmas 
Evans as one of the most notable events in a life- 
time. He could no more pass nut of memory than 
could the everlasting hills amid which they were 
born. And no wonder. The genius of the Welsh 
character found in him its most perfect ideal. He 
embodied in his rugged honesty and fervent zeal, 



his clear penetration and poetic vision, the spirit 
and pathos of the Welsh mind. 

He died in Swansea, at the home of the Rev. 
Daniel Davies, D.D., on the 20th of July, 1838. 

Evans, Gen. G. W., of Augusta, Ga., was a promi- 
nent and useful deacon of unblemished character 
and high standing. He was intelligent, pious, and 
80 uniformly courteous that he won the respect and 
esteem of all, and was universally popular. He 
took a deep interest in religious and denominational 
aff'airs, and was one of those men to whom a pastor 
could point and say with satisfaction, " That is a 
Baptist." He was a partner of the late William 
D'Atignac, the firm being D'Atignac, Evans & Co. 
Few men possessed more admirable traits for ren- 
dering them popular in the world or useful in the 
church. 

Evans, Rev. Hugh, some time tutor and after- 
wards president of Bristol College, England, was 
descended from Welsh parents in easy circum- 
stances, distinguished for their piety and benevo- 
lence. His grandfather, Thomas Evans, was elec,- 
ted a parish minister in Wales by the Board 
of Triers, appointed to license clergymen during 
the Commonwealth. After the restoration of the 
monarchy and the church establishment he joined 
the Baptist church at Pentre, and sufi"ered much for 
conscience' sake as pastor of that church, in which 
office he was succeeded by his son. Thomas Evans 
died in 1688, and Caleb, his son and successor, in 
1739. Hugh Evans, youngest son of Caleb, was 
carefully educated at a school of high reputation, 
and afterwards proceeded to the college at Bristol. 
He was baptized by Mr. Foskett at Bristol, Aug. 
7, 1730. The Broadraead church, in that city, 
called him to the ministry in 1733, and at the close 
of the same year he accepted their invitation to be- 
come assistant to their pastor, Mr. Foskett. He 
soon became widely known as a preacher of ex- 
traordinary power and usefulness. In 1758, on 
the death of Mr. Foskett, with whom he had labored 
twenty-four years, he became president of the col- 
lege and senior pastor of the church. He inspired 
his students with a remarkable affection and rever- 
ence, and the care of all the churches of the neigh- 
borhood came upon him. One of his most distin- 
guished students, Dr. John Ripon, says of him, that 
" every one who knew him must admit that his gift 
in prayerwas uncommon, his students thought itwas 
unequaled. In the family, at occasional meetings, 
in the services of the Lord's day, and upon extraor- 
dinary occasions, with copiousness, dignity, and 
warmth of devotion he poured out his soul unto 
God, and yet with such variety that he was seldom, 
if ever, heard to pray twice alike. His pulpit com- 
positions were clear, nervous, and pathetic. Few 
men were more capable of taking a large, comprehen- 
sive, masterly view of a subject, or of representing 



EVANS 



EVERTS 



it with greater perspicuity, energy, and fervor. His 
language was striking, his voice clear, and his elo- 
cution manly. Nor did any preacher, perhaps, 
ever know better than he what it was to reign over 
his audience, enlightening their understanding, 
convincing their judgment, and then kindling all 
their noblest passions into a blaze of devotion." 
His characteristic spirit was evinced in his last 
discourse to the Western Association of Baptist 
churches, when he took a solemn leave of the 
brethren assembled in an affecting discourse from 
the words, "Be not deceived, God is not mocked." 
He closed his public ministry at Bristol shortly 
afterwards with a truly paternal address to his 
flock from the words, " My little children, of whom 
I travail in birth again until Christ be formed in 
you." He died in perfect peace, surrounded by his 
family and his students, on March 28, 1781. 

Evans, John Mason, M.D., son of the Rev. 

Thomas B. Evans, was born in Urbanna, Middlesex 
Co., Va., March 22, 1829. He was educated at the 
Columbian College, graduating with the degree of 
A.B. in 1847. He studied medicine, and received the 
degree of M.D. at the Jefferson Medical School, Phila- 
delphia, in the winter of 1849-50. He has practised 
his profession in connection with farming up to the 
present time. Since the inauguration of the public 
school system in Virginia, he has been the efficient 
county superintendent of public schools in King 
and Queen and Middlesex. Dr. Evans M'as baptized 
at the age of twelve, and has been an active and 
efficient member of the church. For more than 
twenty years he has been superintendent of the 
Sunday-school, and deacon of the church. 

Evans, Rev. Thomas B., was born in the 

county of Essex, Va., Dec. 13, 1807. He was con- 
verted between the years 1830 and 1835, and was 
baptized by the Rev. R. A. Claybrook. He was 
ordained soon after 1837. At the organization of 
the Olivet church, in 1842, he was elected its pastor, 
and served it with great zeal and success till his 
death, Aug. 12, 1875. He was at one time pastor 
of Ebenezer, in Gloucester Co., and also of the 
Newington church, which he was mainly instru- 
mental in constituting. He was also pastor of 
Exol, in King and Queen Co., and of Ephesus, in 
Essex Co. In 1855 he was elected pastor of Glebe 
Landing, in Middlesex, and served this church also 
until his death. He served as moderator of the 
Rappahannock Association, and was invited sev- 
eral times to preach the opening sermon. Mr. Evans 
was an earnest, plain, and successful preacher. He 
had a strong, logical mind, and a most retentive 
memory. He read much, thought profoundly, and 
could develop a subject clearly in all its important 
bearings. He accomplished much for the Master 
during his ministry of thirty-eight years, and was 
greatly esteemed by all who knew him. 



Evans, Rev. Wm. L. T.— This devoted man 
was born in Maryland, Feb. 9, 1829. He spent 
his ear^ly years in Washington City, where he 
studied. In 1855 he moved to Landmark, Howard 
Co., Mo., and from it to Milton, where he died. 
He professed religion in 1857, and joined the Meth- 
odists ; three years afterwards he united with the 
Baptists, and was baptized by Elder W. K. Woods, 
and was ordained by Elders Jesse Terrill and T. T. 
Gentry. He toiled faithfully in the ministry for 
nearly twenty years. He enjoyed the confidence 
of those with whom he labored in a marked degree. 
He was a man of prayer, richly endowed with the 
Holy Spirit. He died May 20, 1879. 

Everett, Rev. John P., pastor at Shiloh, La., 

was born in Alabama in 1826, came to Louisiana 
in 1848 with his father, George Everett, who was 
a Baptist preacher, and labored in Union parish 
until his death, in 1855. The son was baptized in 
1845 ; was a soldier in the Mexican war. In 1854 
he was ordained to preach. From that time until 
the present he has been assiduous in his labors, 
which have been mainly confined to Union parish 
and the adjoining parts of Arkansas. He has been 
successful as a minister, and has greatly strength- 
ened the churches ; eleven years moderator of 
Liberty Association, Ark. ; is at present chairman 
of the executive board of Louisiana State Conven- 
tion. Has recently published a valuable work on 
"Bible Types." 

Everts, Rev. Jeremiah B., was born in Gran- 
ville, Washington Co., N. Y., in 1807. In 1829 he put 
his trust in Jesus as his Saviour, under the minis- 
trations of Rev. Benjamin J. Lane, of Clarkson, 
N. Y. He first joined the Presbyterian Church, of 
which Mr. Lane was a minister. Subsequently, 
on examining the Scriptures about baptism, he was 
immersed, and united with the Baptist Church. 
He spent some time at Lane Seminary, in Ohio. 
He was ordained pastor of the church of Spafford, 
N. Y., in April, 1835. In this place his labors 
were largely blessed, his pulpit talents were highly 
appreciated, and his departure was greatly lamented. 
In Delphi, N. Y., and in Elbridge he enjoyed ex- 
tensive revivals, and he had the same blessing in 
the New Market Street church, Philadelphia. In 
1843 he accepted a call to Hartford, N. Y., where 
the love of the people and the prosperity of the 
church cheered his heart. After a lingering ill- 
ness, produced by a painful accident, he entered 
the heavenly rest Aug. 26, 1846. 

Mr. Everts had an original mind and a warm 
heart, he was wholly consecrated to God, and he 
lived in the hearts of throngs of friends. His death 
was full of peace. 

Everts, William W,, D.D., was born in Gran- 
ville, N. Y., March 13, 1814, and united with the 
Baptist church of Brockport, N. Y. In 1830 the 



EVERTS 



385 



EWART 



church licensed him to preach, and in 1831 sent 
him to Hamilton Literary and Theological Institu- 
tion. In 1837 he was ordained at Earlville, N. Y., 
as its pastor. In 1839 he was settled as pastor of 
the Tabernacle Baptist church in New York City. 
After three years of extraordinary success he led 
out a colony and founded the Laight Street church. 
After eight years of labor his health was prostrated, 
and he settled at AVheatland, N. Y., as pastor. 
His ardent spirit and large plans of Christian work 
were felt by that country church, and thi'ee houses 
of worship were built for its branches in neighbor- 
ing villages. In 1852 he accepted the pastorate of 
the Walnut Street church, in Louisville, Ky., and 
soon after it was enlarged and completed at an ex- 
pense of $40,000. They organized the Broadway 




WILLIAM W. EVERTS, D.D. 

church of that city ; the Portland church at the 
west end of the city, and built for it a house of 
worship ; and a German church. In 1859 he 
accepted the charge of the First church of Chi- 
cago. During his twenty years of labor there, 
twenty Baptist church edifices were built in the 
city and vicinity. The Chicago University and 
Theological Seminary were founded and their su- 
perb buildings were put up chiefly by the contri- 
butions of the First church. In 1879 he accepted a 
call to the church on Bergen Heights, Jersey City, 
and during the first year a debt 6f $35,000 was 
paid and 67 members added to the church. Dr. 
Everts has not only devised plans for the multipli- 
cation, and the increased efiBciency of the Baptists 
of America, in the realm of education, church exten- 



sion, and the unity of the denomination in all its 
important Christian enterprises, but he has ren- 
dered great service with his pen. Many years ago 
he brought out his " Pastor's Hand-Book," which 
has been an invaluable helper to ministers of all 
denominations. He then brought out in succession 
the "Bible Prayer Book,'' "Scriptural School 
Reader," " Life and Thoughts of John Foster," 
"Voyage of Life," and "Promise and Training of 
Childhood." He also published a series of " Tracts 
for Cities," " The Theatre," " Temptations of City 
Life," and "The Great Metropolis," which, with 
tracts by Dr. Cheever and William Hague, D.D., 
were published in a volume entitled " Words in Ear- 
nest." He also wrote "Tracts for the Churches." 
Dr. Everts has been for many years among the 
most prominent ministers of Christ in the United 
States. His great mind and heart, and his con- 
secration to God, have made him a power among 
the Saviour's hosts. Few Baptist leaders in modern 
times have wielded such a mighty influence for God 
and his truth. Sacrifices to him have always ap- 
peared but trifles when great principles were called 
in question. We trust that his life and usefulness 
will be long continued to the denomination of 
which he is an ornament. 

Everts, Rev. William Wallace, Jr., son of 

Rev. Dr. William Wallace and Margaret (Keen) 
Everts, was born in the city of New York, Feb. 10, 
1849. He was a graduate of the Chicago Univer- 
sity in the class of 1867. Immediately after grad- 
uating he went abroad for purposes of travel and 
study, and was absent three years, the larger part 
of which period he was at the Berlin University. 
Returning to this country in 1870, he became a 
student of the Union Theological Seminary in Chi- 
cago, where he was graduated in the class of 1873. 
He was ordained Dec. 23, 1873, as pastor of the 
Indiana Avenue branch of the First Baptist church 
in Chicago. He held an oflScial connection with 
the Union Theological Seminary, Chicago, as teacher 
of Church History during the year 1875. He 
preached for the church at Morgan Park till 1877, 
when, coming East, he supplied the pulpit of the 
First Baptist church in Boston for four months as 
the assistant of Rev. Dr. Neale. In July of 1877 
he was called to the pastorate of the Fourth Baptist 
church in Providence, R. I., of which he is now 
(1880) the minister. Mr. Everts is one of our most 
promising young ministers. His acquirements in 
ecclesiastical history are unusually extensive. 

Ewart, Hon. Thomas W., LL.D., son of Robert 
H. and Mary C. Ewart, was born at Grandview, 
Washington Co., 0., Feb. 27, 1816. When sixteen 
years of age he left school and became assistant in 
the office of the county clerk at Marietta, 0. In 
December, 1836, he was appointed clerk of the 
court for Washington Co., 0., and held this office 



EWABT 



EXAMINER 



until 1851. While in this office he was appointed 
a member of the convention which formed the 
present constitution of Ohio. At the expiration of 
his term he was elected probate judge of Washing- 
ton County, but resigned after one year's service to 
engage in the practice of law, for which he had 
fully fitted himself in the office of Judge Nye. 
From the first he was very successful, and he has 
always held a prominent position in the legal pro- 
fession of Ohio. 

Converted and baptized at the age of sixteen, he 
has ever since been an active member of the Mari- 
etta Baptist church. For forty years he has been 




HON. THOMAS W. EWART, LI..D. 

superintendent of the Sunday-school, and for thirty- 
two years has been deacon. He has also been 
closely identified with general denominational in- 
terests. For many years he has been a trustee of 
Denison University. He was president of the 
Ohio Baptist State Convention for several years, 
and moderator of the Marietta Association twenty- 
five years in succession. As vice-president of the 
Missionary Union he occupied the chair of that 
body at Cincinnati and Philadelphia. Home mis- 
sions have found in him a constant friend, and all 
good enterprises in the community a hearty sup- 
porter. The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon 
him by Denison University in 1878. 

Ewing College is located in Ewing, Franklin 
Co., 111., near the centre of that part of the State 
lying south of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad. It 
is the only chartered college in that section of Illi- 
nois. It was founded in 1867 as Ewing High 



School by Prof. John Washburn. In 1874 it re- 
ceived a charter from the State under the title it 
now bears. Until 1877 it was undenominational, 
but during that year its charter was so changed as 
t6 place it under Baptist control. Its buildings, 
two in number, are substantial brick structures, 
and ample for the present uses of the college. It 
has a preparatory as well as collegiate department, 
the latter having two courses, classical and scien- 
tific. The college is open to students of both sexes. 
The number eni-olled in the catalogue for 1879-80 
is 150, of whom 32 were in the collegiate depart- 
ment. Its faculty numbers six teachers. Ewing 
College is performing a highly important educa- 
tional service upon a field where it is greatly needed, 
and placing its rates of tuition and its other ex- 
penses within the reach of all classes of students, 
make its advantages available for all. At the 
present date (1880) an effort is in progress to raise 
for its endowment the sum of $50,000, with en- 
couraging prospect of success. 

Ewing, Hon. Presley Underwood, was the 

elder of two sons of the distinguished chief justice 
of Kentucky, E. M. Ewing, and was one of the 
most talented and brilliant young men his State 
ever produced. He was born in Russellville, Ky., 
Sept. 1, 1822. He graduated at Center College in 
1840, and studied law under his father, graduating 
in the law department of Transylvania University 
in 1842. About this time, having become a mem- 
ber of the Baptist church, he was licensed to preach 
the gospel, and was soon afterwards invited to take 
the pastoral charge of the First Baptist church in 
Louisville. He accepted the call and preached a 
few times, hut before ordination he resolved to spend 
some time in Germany. On his return from Europe 
he declined ordination to the ministry, and in 1848 
was elected to the Kentucky Legislature, where he 
served two terms, being re-elected in 1849. In 1851 
he was elected to the United States Congress, and 
re-elecced to that position without opposition in 
1853. He was chairman of a Congressional com- 
inittee on the feasibility of constructing a railroad 
to the Pacific Ocean. His report on this subject 
gave him a wide reputation. As an orator he was 
regarded as the peer of the gifted John C. Breck- 
enridge, whom he often met in debate in the legis- 
lative halls. But his career of almost unparalleled 
brilliancy was suddenly closed. He died of cholera 
while on a visit to the Mammoth Cave, in Kentucky, 
Sept. 27, 1854. 

Examiner and Chronicle, The.— In June, 1855, 
Rev. Edward Bright, D.D., who had been for the 
preceding nine years the Home Secretary of the 
American Baptist Missionary Union, and Rev. 
Sewell S. Cutting, D.D., who was then one of the 
editors of the Recorder and Register, purchased 
that paper and became its editors and proprietors, 



EXAMINEE 



EYRES 



changing the narae to The Examine): It was a 
four-page paper, and had at that time a circulation 
of about 10,000 copies. In the next year Dr. Cut- 
ting accepted the chair of Rhetoric and History in 
the University of Rochester, and Dr. Bright became 
the editor, a position which he has held from that 
time to the present. In the first ten years of his 
proprietorship the circulation had doubled. In 
March, 1865, the New York Chronicle was united 
with The Examiner, and the paper became The 
Examine)- and Chronicle, which name it now bears. 
It was enlarged to a six-column eight-page paper 
in October, 1867, and again enlarged to seven col- 
umns a page in December, 1869. In 1868 'The 
Christian Press, a Baptist paper of New York, 
conducted by Rev. W. B. Jacobs, was united 
with TJie Examiner and Chronicle, and in 1875 the 
small paper known as The Outlook, published in 
Brooklyn, was merged in it. The Examiner and 
Chronicle has attained the largest circulation of 
any Baptist newspaper in the world. It has always 
had a strong denominational character, and has 
fearlessly maintained the distinguishing doctrines 
of the old Baptist faith. Its aim has been to be as 
complete as it could be made in all the departments 
that belong to a first-class newspaper ; to deal with 
the great questions of social and political, as well 
as Christian life ; to present the news, with com- 
ments, from a Christian stand-point ; and to do it 
with the fullness, freshness, and force that ought to 
characterize the very best class of religious news- 
papers. 

The New York Baptist Register, afterwards united 
with the Recorder, was established in Utica late in 
1823 or early in 1824 by Rev. Messrs. Willey, 
Lathrop, and Galusha, who issued it irregularly and 
edited it in turn. It subsequently passed into the 
hands of the managers of the Baptist Missionai-y 
Convention of New York, and became the organ of 
the Convention, with Alexander M. Beebee, Esq., 
as editor. In 1825 the Register absorbed a mis- 
sionary newspaper in the form of a quarterly mag- 
azine, which, in 1814, was started and edited by 
Elders P. P. Root, Daniel Haskell, John Lawton, 
and John Peck. Its name. The Vehicle, Avas sub- 
sequently changed to the Baptist Western Maga- 
zine. Mr. Beebee was a gentleman of eminence in 
the bar of Onondaga County, and under him the 
Register was a most eflScient advocate and helper in 
giving growth and strength to the denomination 
and its enterprises. 

The New York Recorder was the outgrowth of 
The Baptist Advocate. The first issue of the Ad- 
vocate was on May 11, 1839. It was founded by a 
number of leading Baptists in New York City, and 
the late Wm. H. Wyckofi", LL.D., was its editor. 
In about six months the Advocate Association pur- 
chased the Gospel Witness, the only rival of the 



new paper. But the Advocate was not a financial 
success, and was sold about the year 1842 to Messrs. 
Barker & Thompson. Mr. Barker soon withdrew, 
leaving Rev. James L. Thompson as the owner and 
publisher. A year or two later Mr. Wyckoff re- 
signed the editorial chair, and Rev. S. S. Cutting, 
D.D., became the editor. The name was changed 
to the New York Recorder, and the paper subse- 
quently became the property of Rev. Lewis Colby 
and Mr. Joseph Ballard. In February, 1850, the 
Recorder was purchased by Prof M. B. Anderson, 
then of Waterville College, Me., now President 
Anderson, of Rochester University, and the late 
Rev. James S. Dickerson, D.D. When Prof. An- 
derson became president of the university in the 
autumn of 1853, the paper was again sold. Rev. L. 
F. Beecher being the purchaser. The Register, 
still published at Utica, and then owned by Rev. 
Andrew Ten Brook, D.D., was soon afterwards uni- 
ted with it, and the Recorder became the New 
York Recorder a)id Register, with Dr. Ten Brook 
as one of its editors. 

The New York Chronicle, at first a monthly pub- 
lication, was begun by Rev. 0. B. Judd, LL.D., in 
1849, and became a weekly paper in October, 1850. 
One of its distinctive features was its earnest ad- 
vocacy of the Bible revision of the American Bible 
Union. About 1853 or 1854 the Chronicle •vi&.s pur- 
chased by Rev. J. S. Backus, D.D., and at the be- 
ginning of 1855, Rev. Pharcellus Church, D.D., 
was associated with Dr. Backus as editor and pro- 
prietor. 

In January of the next year Dr. Church bought 
the whole paper, and late in 1863 he purchased the 
Christian Chronicle, of Philadelphia, edited by the 
Rev. J. S. Dickerson, D.D., and continued to be the 
editor of the united paper until March, 1865, when 
the Chronicle was united with The Exami)ier. 

Prior to the establishment of the Baptist Advo- 
cate, various attempts had been made to found a 
Baptist weekly newspaper in N6w York City. But 
it is difficult to learn the fiicts, even with the help 
of Mr. Geo. H. Hansell, who is probably more 
familiar with them than any other man. The first 
Baptist paper he has knowledge of in New York 
City was the Gospel Witness, started in 1835. The 
Directory for 1836 gives the name of The Ameri- 
can Baptist, edited and owned by Rev. -Jonathan 
Going, D.D. In 1837 the Baptist Repository 2i^- 
peared, edited by Rev. N. N. Whiting and Rev. 
David Barnard. But none of these newspaper 
ventures were successful, and the memory of them 
has been, barely preserved. It cannot be said that 
The Examiner and Chronicle is a continuation of 
either of the papers named in this last paragraph. 

Eyres, Rev. Nicholas, was born in Wiltshire. 
England, Aug. 22, 1691 ; came to New York about 
1711 ; was baptized in 1714 by Rev. Valentine 



FAITH 



Weightman, of Cotmecticut, and aided in founding 
the First Baptist church in that city and in the 
State ; was ordained pastor of that church (then 
Gold Street) in September, 1724; in October, 1731, 
resigned and became co-pastor with Rev. Daniel 
Wightman of the Second Baptist church in New- 



intelligence, benevolence, and piety. His associate 
in Newport, Rev. D. Wightman, was born in South 
Kingstown, R. I., Jan. 2, 1668 ; was ordained in 
1701 as co-pastor with Rev. Mr. Clark, of the Sec- 
ond Baptist church in Newport, and remained as 
minister of this church till his death in 1750 ; a 



port, R. I. ; died Feb. 13, 1759 ; a man of great i man greatly beloved and honored 



r. 



Faith, Saving. — The majority of unconverted 
men in our country admit the divinity of Christ, 
and all the Scriptural facts in his earthly history, 
and some of them claim a considerable measure of 
orthodoxy, even accordingto recognized standards of 
sound religious belief. But these persons have not 
saving faith. It requires from a penitent that he 
should intrust his soul to Jesus for the removal of 
its iniquities. In John ii. 24, it is written, " But 
Jesus did not commit himself to them." The word 
translated " did commit" is kmarvev, " did believe," 
as it commonly means. But it is properly rendered 
in the quotation ; John uses it in the sense of com- 
mitting or intrusting himself. Saving faith is that 
act of a burdened soul by which it intrusts itself 
to Jesus that he might forgive and save it. 

Saving faith rests upon these foundations. A 
man believes that God is inflexibly holy, that he 
hates sin, and that nothing can keep him from in- 
flicting just but weighty punishment upon it ; his 
conviction of Jehovah's holiness leads him to be- 
lieve that it is a fearful thing to fall into the hands 
of the living God. He believes that he is guilty 
before the eternal judge, that his thoughts have 
been evil, his affections alienated, and his words 
and works sinful; and that he is hopelessly lost 
unless Jesus exercises his mercy towards him. He 
believes that God's love is the greatest blessing in 
any world. He thinks with hungering desire of 
that love that made Jehovah give up his most dear 
and only Son to be put to death instead of poor, 
guilty, perishing sinners. And he is fully assured 
that God has infinite pleasure in receiving and 
in forgiving penitent souls. He believes in the 
Saviour's merits; his obedience in life, and his 
fierce pangs in death. In the Saviour's blood he 
sees the only cure for his guilt, and a purifying 
element that will cleanse away all his sins. He 
also frequently seizes some encouraging promise, 
to which he tenaciously clings, such as " Him that 
Cometh to me I will in no wise cast out." And as 
he fully believes in God's holiness and love, in 



Christ's blood and promise, and in his own guilti- 
ness, he ventures to intrust his condemned soul to 
the Crucified, and the moment he commits it to the 
meritorious and loving Redeemer by faith he is 
forgiven. These are the bases of saving faith. 

The owner of it is never entirely free from, sinful 
tendencies. The young convert is apt to imagine 
that he ought to be wholly delivered from every 
sinful inclination. Satan encourages this impres- 
sion, and tries to persuade him that he is not truly 
regenerated, or sin would cease to trouble him. 
The man has a new heart and hates sin ; its power 
within him is broken ; he loves Jesus, and he 
blames himself severely for not loving him more ; 
he prays earnestly and his prayers have been 
answered ; but he is not infallible, he finds he can 
be tempted, and he has to watch and pray against 
the Evil One. Sometimes Satan tries to make him 
proud, angry, covetous, forgetful of God and un- 
grateful to him ; and he is full of grief over Satan's 
threatened or partial success. He finds constant 
need to watch his heart, and cling to Jesus for 
merits to justify, and grace to protect against his 
own weakness and Satan's wiles. 

Nor is saving faith always free from doubts. It 
is the privilege of every Christian to have full as- 
surance of faith, and many believers enjoy this 
treasure. But not a few are " weak in faith" who 
are certain to enter heaven : " Him that is weak in 
faith receive ye, but not to doubtful disputations." — 
Rom. xiv. 1. Doubts are sometimes thrust into the 
soul by the Tempter, just as he inspires blasphe- 
mous or other wicked thoughts which the believer 
rejects, and for which he is not responsible. Some- 
times they come from a constitutional tendency to 
look on the dark side of everything. Sometimes 
they spring from a feeble condition of health. And 
very often they seize a believer who has fallen into 
worldliness, or some other breach of saintly fidelity. 
The Christian should aim at the strongest faith, and 
the Spirit will give it when he seeks it. But men 
are not saved by the amount of their faith, if 



FARMER 



FARNSWORTH 



they have true sorrow for sin, and a true reliance 
upon a crucified Saviour; the life of a babe is just 
as real as that of a giant ; and the faith of a believer 
whose trust in Jesus is only like that of a " babe in 
Christ" will save him. 

It gives the believer great power with God. The 
mightiest instrument ever used by mortals is a 
vigorous faith in Jesus. It not only removes the 
guilt of many years and of shocking vileness from 
the distressed sinner and gives him complete justi- 
fication before the pure and piercing eye of the 
Omniscient, but it brings down harvests of answers 
to prayers which bless the soul, the family, and the 
church. It fitted Abraham to offer up Isaac in sac- 
rifice to God, because it showed him his son in a 
figure restored from the dead. It gave courage to 
Moses, the timid fugitive who fled from Egypt to es- 
cape the weightiest penalty of its law, to confront and 
defy Pharaoh, his army, and his people. It enabled 
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego to be confident 
that God would protect them from the vengeance 
of Nebuchadnezzar, and, armed with this sublime 
conviction, they looked with contempt upon the 
intense heat of the fiery furnace, while they in- 
formed the king himself not only that they would 
not worship his image, but they also said, " Our 
God, whom we serve, is able to deliver us from the 
burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of 
thy hand, king." As the coupling of a railroad 
car links it to the locomotive and gives it all its 
power, so faith unites the soul to Jesus, and be- 
stows upon it his divine righteousness, his al- 
mighty strength, his matchless wisdom, his all- 
prevalent intercession, the revelation of his great 
love, and his sure victory over all enemies. Truly 
faith can remove mountains, bring down rain- 
storms, divide oceans, and confer upon a terrified 
supplicant great deliverance, and the most glorious 
of titles, — A Prevailer with God. 

Faith, in common with every grace in the re- 
newed man, is the gift of God. It can be greatly 
strengthened by cultivating an earnest love for 
Jesus, complete consecration of heart, active eflTorts 
to glorify the Saviour, and constant struggles in 
the soul to resist doubting tendencies ; by assidu- 
ous attention to closet exercises, Bible reading, and 
sanctuary privileges ; by the utmost resistance to 
sin in every form, and by the frequently repeated 
prayer, " Lord, increase our faith." 

Farmer, Hon. William, is one of the most 
widely known, generous, and influential Baptist 
laymen in California. He was born in Anderson 
Co., Tenn., in LSOO ; resided in Tennessee and in 
Cass Co., Mo., until 1857, when he moved to Santa 
Rosa, Cal., where he now lives. He has always 
been noted for his hospitality, and since his bap- 
tism, in 1838, as a prominent worker in the chu.ch. 
He has for many years been an upright and hon- 



ored judge of the County Court. He is widely 
known in California as " Deacon Farmer." 

Farnham, Jonathan Everett, LL.D., a dis- 
tinguished scholar and educator, was born in Con- 
necticut, Aug. 12, 1809. He finished his education 
at Colby University, where he graduated in 1833, 
and for two yeai's was tutor in that institution. 
He then studied law three years at Providence, 
R. I., after which he went to Cincinnati, where he 
continued his legal studies. In 1838 he was elected 
Professor of Physical Science in Georgetown Col- 
lege, Ky., and has continuously occupied that posi- 
tion. For a number of years during this period 
he conducted the Georgetown Female Seminary, a 
school of high grade. In early life Dr. Farnham 
became a Baptist, and has been a valuable con- 
tributor to the periodical literature of the denomi- 
nation. 

Farnsworth, Hon. J. D., was born in Middle- 
town, Conn., in 1771. When he was six years of 
age his parents removed to Bennington, Vt. He 
became a hopeful Christian at twelve. He com- 
pleted his classical studies at Clio Hall, the first 
literary institution of the kind ever incorporated 
in Vermont. Having decided to be a physician, 
he entered upon the study of his profession, and 
at eighteen took his medical degree, and after 
practising for a time at Addison, Vt., he removed, 
in 1795, to the northern part of the State, where he 
spent the most of his life. For more than fifty 
years he was one of the most successful physicians 
in the northern section of Vermont. He was chief 
judge in Franklin County for fifteen years, and. a 
member of the State Legislature for about twenty- 
seven years. He took a deep interest in the pro- 
gress of the denomination. The constitution of 
the first Baptist Association ever formed in North- 
ern Vermont, was drafted by him. Associated 
Avith Gov. Butler and several others, he took the 
first steps towards the organization of the Ver- 
mont State Convention. An act was passed in 1787 
by the Legislature requiring the inhabitants of 
each town to support the " standing order," unless 
they could show that they were connected with 
some other religious organization. The Baptists, 
with their well-known sentiments on the right of 
private judgment in matters of religion, were led 
earnestly to oppose the act. The struggle lasted 
for many years, and the act was repealed in 1807. 
In all the controversy connected with the important 
subject Dr. Farnsworth took an important part. 
He was a decided Baptist for nearly seventy years, 
and boldly defended the peculiar views of his de- 
nomination. It is said that he had probably pre- 
sided at more conventions. Associations, councils, 
etc., than any other Baptist who ever lived in the 
State of Vermont. He died at his residence in 
Fairfax, Vt., Sept. 9, 1857, honored and beloved by 



FARRAR 



FAWCETT 



his own denomination and a large circle of his fel- 
low-citizens. 

Farrar, Rev. Wm. M., an aged minister in 
Mississippi, was born in Georgia; ordained in 
1834, and the year following removed to Mississippi, 
where he has labored successfully forty-three years. 
He spent fourteen years in agency work, and raised 
in cash about $60,000, and in pledges about $20,000 
more. Much of his time was devoted to missionary 
work, and about twenty years to the pastorate. 
He was two years associate editor of the Missis- 
sippi Baptist. 

Farrow, Deacon. D. T. C, was born in Wood 
Co., W. Va., Nov. 19, 1826. He was baptized Feb. 
15, 1843. About 1849 he became deeply interested 
in Sunday-schools and missions. In 1866 he was 
appointed Sunday-School missionary for the State 
by the American Baptist Publication Society, 
and he is at pi-esent engaged in that work. He 
has organized 100 Sunday-schools, 8 Sunday- 
school conventions, and 1 church ; has visited 47 
of the 54 counties of the State; has sold and 
distributed $34,000 worth of publications of the 
American Baptist Publication Society. Mr. Fai-- 
row has been greatly blessed in his work, for which 
he is well adapted. He has acted as secretary and 
corresponding secretary of the General Association, 
and has long been a life-member, and has made all 
his family — wife and five children — life-members. 
Mr. Farrow has been of very great service to the 
denomination in West Virginia, and these services 
have been rendered whilst frequently sufi'ering from 
severe physical disability. 

Farwell, Hon. Levi, was born about the year 
1784. He was baptized by Rev. Dr. Baldwin, Sept. 
11, 1811, and was a constituent member of the First 
Baptist church in Cambridge, Mass. For many 
years he was the " steward" of Harvard College, 
and important civil trusts were committed to his 
hands. Prof. H. J. Ripley says of him, " He was 
a man of sound judgment, and an example of 
pure and consis'tent piety. Eminently discreet, he 
was also uniformly devotional. In church and in 
state his opinion was sought with profound re- 
spect. He and his wife can never cease to be held 
in the kindest remembrance. His funds, like those 
of Mr. Cobb, were liberally bestowed upon the in- 
stitution at Newton." Mr. Farwell died May 27, 
1844. 

Faunce, Rev. D. W., was bom in Plymouth, 
Mass. He was baptized at the early age of four- 
teen, by Rev. Ira Pearson. He was a graduate of 
Amherst College in the class of 1850, and pursued 
his theological studies for two years at the Newton 
Theological Institution. He was ordained pastor 
of the Baptist church in Soraerville, Mass., in 1853, 
where he remained one year, and then removed to 
Worcester, Mass. His subsequent pastorates have 



been in Maiden, Mass., Concord, N. H., and Lynn, 
Mass., where he now resides. 

Mr. Faunce has written°much for denominational 
papers, and prepared articles for the Baptist Quar- 
terly. In 1874 he was awarded the " Fletcher 
Prize" at Dartmouth College, and his essay was 
subsequently published, under the title " The 
Christian in the World." He has published also " A 
Young Man's Difficulties with the Bible." Both of 
these volumes have been republished in London. 

Fawcett, Rev. A. J., pastor at Hamburg, Ark., 
was born in Tennessee in 1845 ; after receiving a 
good education, he began to preach in 1867 ; was 
first pastor at Humboldt, Tenn., and continued to 
preach in West Tennessee until 1876, when he was 
called to Lake Village, Chicot Co., Ark. ; in 1879 
he was invited to his present work. 

Fawcett, John, D.D., was born near Bradford, 
Yorkshire, England, Jan. 6, 1740. He was con- 
verted through the instrumentality of George 
Whitefield when he was about sixteen years of 
age, and at nineteen he was baptized into the fel- 
lowship of the Baptist church of Bradford. In 
1765, Mr. Fawcett was ordained pastor of the Bap- 
tist church of Wainsgate, where his labors were 
greatly blessed. He removed from Wainsgate to 
Hebden Bridge, where he continued till his death, 
which occurred July 25, 1814. Near Hebden 
Bridge Mr. Fawcett conducted a flourishing acad- 
emy, where John Foster, and others who subse- 
quently gained great distinction, received their 
entire education, or a part of it. Mr. Fawcett 
had extensive culture and respectable talents ; his 
reading was remarkable, and his standing in his 
own and other denominations high. When Dr. 
Gill died he was invited by his church to London, 
with a view of becoming his successor. He was 
offered the presidency of Bristol College in 1792. 

His commentary on the Bible, in two folio vol- 
umes, is of great worth for its devotional char- 
acter, and though now very scarce, it is highly 
prized by those who own it. He wrote a volume 
of original hymns, many of which are to be found 
in the sacred songs of various denominations. He 
was the author of eleven works. 

A clergyman, preaching before George III., made 
a quotation from a small volume written by Mr. 
Fawcett, which attracted the king's attention ; on 
inquiring, he found that Mr. Fawcett was the 
author of the book. Through the preacher he sent 
word that he would like to render Mr. Fawcett some 
service. The Baptist pastor declined the king's favor 
for himself ; but afterwards turned it to account 
by saving one man from being executed, and sev- 
eral others from heavy legal penalties. In 1811, 
Mr. Fawcett was made a Doctor of Divinity. Dr. 
Fawcett had all the qualities that show a conse- 
crated life. 



FEAKE 



FERGUSON 



Feake, Rev. Christopher, was a minister of 

the Established Church of England, who adopted 
the sentiments of the Baptists in the time of the Par- 
liamentary war, and became one of the most noted 
leaders of our denomination. When a Baptist he 
preached in All-Saints' church, Hertford, the great- 
est church in the place ; while there he opposed the 
Westminster Assembly of Divines, and treated their 
Directory with contempt. For these supposed 
lieresies and for his Fifth Monarchy principles he 
was brought before the assizes, but the judges dis- 
missed the charge. Aftervvai-ds he was appointed 
minister of Christ's church, in London ; and he be- 
came the possessor of so much influence that Crom- 
well, who hated persecution, felt compelled to have 
him arrested and sent a prisoner to Windsor Castle 
for hostility to his government. He knew nothing 
of fear, and being a stern republican, he publicly 
branded Cromwell as " the most dissembling and 
perjured villain in the world ;" and he made this 
charge at the period of Cromwell's greatest power. 
Feake was a skillful orator, a bold defender of the 
truth, a great sufferer for his principles, and he was 
held in high regard by the Baptists of his day. 

Felder, Rev. Charles, a pioneer preacher in 
Mississippi and Louisiana, was born in 1783 ; be- 
gan to preach in 1809 ; came to Mississippi in 1819, 
and was an active co-laborer with Cooper, Reeves, 
Courtney, and others, in South Mississippi ; was 
often moderator of the Mississippi Association ; 
died in 1843. 

Felix, Rev. Joseph S., brother of William H., 
was born in Woodford Co., Ky., Aug. 19, 1851. 
He graduated at Georgetown College in 1871 ; then 
spent one year at the Southern Baptist Theological 
Seminary. He united with Hillsborough church, 
in his native county, where he was licensed to 
preach in 1871. He was ordained pastor of the 
Baptist church at Augusta, Ky., in 1872, where he 
still ministers. Mr. Felix is a young preacher of 
excellent gifts and attainments. 

Felix, Rev. William H., was born in Wood- 
ford Co., Ky., Oct. 6, 1838. He united with Hills- 
borough Baptist church, in that county, in his 
youth. He was educated at Georgetown College, 
graduating in 1860, and was admitted to the bar 
and practised law at Shelbyville a short time. He 
was ordained to the pastorate of the Baptist church 
at New Castle, in August, 1860. He accepted a 
call to the First Baptist church in Lexington in 
1863, and resigned, in 1869, to accept a call to Pil- 
grim Baptist church in New York City. In 1870 
he returned to Covington, Ky., and became pastor 
of his present charge, the First Baptist church in 
that city. Mr. Felix's contributions to the Baptist 
periodical literature have been well received, and 
his book " True Womanhood," recently published, 
has met with popular favor. 



Felton, Richard, was a deacon with C. E. 
Skinner, of the Hertford Baptist church, and like 
him was distinguished for his liberality. He gave 
$7000 to build the church in Hertford ; he also gave 
$5000, at the convention in Raleigh, in 1856, to 
Wake Forest College, and about the same time he 
gave $2000 towards the erection of the First Baptist 
church of Raleigh, N. C. More than the example of 
his friend and brother. Deacon Skinner, prompting 
him to benevolence, was the sweet influence of his 
wife, Mary, whose noble heart consecrated all to 
Christ. Deacon Felton died soon after the close of 
the war. 

Fendall, Rev. Edward Davies, was born at 

Churchtown, Lancaster Co., Pa., Aug. 6, 1814 ; 
was converted under the ministry of Rev. Leonard 
Fletcher, and by him baptized into the fellowship 
of the Great Valley church, Chester Co., Pa. Al- 
though reared in the Episcopalian Church, he be- 
came a Baptist through careful reading and study 
of the New Testament. With six other brethren, 
he was licensed to preach, Jan. 5, 1839, and en- 
tered upon a course of study at Haddington and 
Burlington Institutions, under the instruction of 
Revs. Henry K. Green and Samuel Aaron. Fail- 
ing health compelled him to leave his studies, and 
he commenced his ministry at Cedarville, N. J. ; 
was ordained May 17, 1839, and after a successful 
pastorate, he resigned April I, 1843. He then 
became pastor of the venerable Cohansey church, 
at Roadstown, N. J., which was constituted in 
1690, and was one of the five constituents of the 
Philadelphia Association, formed in 1707. Here 
he remained some three years and a half, during 
which the church attained its greatest number of 
members. After several years spent in teaching, 
he became pastor at Moorestown, N. J., May 1, 
1852. Here his labors were greatly blessed, and 
he remained for twelve years, when failing health 
compelled his retirement from the pastorate. In 
1854 he was chosen clerk of the West Jersey 
Association, which office he still holds. In 1864 
he became Philadelphia editor of The Chronicle, 
the successor of the Christian Chronicle, Yih\c\\ had 
been transferred to New York. In March, 1865, 
he was appointed superintendent of the sales 
department of the American Baptist Publication 
Society ; and in 1876 was chosen assistant corre- 
sponding secretary, which position he still holds. 
He was a frequent contributor to religious news- 
papers ; and wrote one or two tracts which have 
been widely circulated. By those who know him, 
he will always be kindly remembered as an ex- 
ceedingly affable and exemplary Christian gentle- 
man. 

Ferguson, John, was converted in Halifax, 
Nova Scotia, and baptized July 9, 1826, by Rev. 
Edward Manning ; joined Granville Street church, 



FERRIS 



FIELD 



organized in that city in 1827, and became very in- 
fluential in the church and denomination ; a warm 
friend of education ; one of the editors of the 
Christian Messenger from its commencement, in 
1836, to his death, Feb. 10, 1855. Mr. Ferguson 
possessed fine talents, rare judgment and penetra- 
tion, and holy enthusiasm in Christian and denom- 
inational enterprises. 

Ferris, Rev. Ezra, X.D., was born in Stan- 
wich. Conn., April 26, 1783. He came with his 
father to Ohio in 1789, and settled in Columbia, 
the first town in the Miami Valley. He joined the 
Baptist church there in 1801. He came to Law- 
renceburg, Ind., in 1807, and preached the first 
sermon ever heard from a Baptist in the county. 
A few years afterwards he organized the Lawrence- 
burg Baptist church, and was its pastor for more 
than thirty years. He was prominent in the or- 
ganization of the Laughery Association in 1816. 

In his youth he had returned to the East to ob- 
tain an education. He was for many years a physi- 
cian, having graduated at a Philadelphia medical 
college. He was a member of the first constitu- 
tional convention of Indiana, held at Corydon, was 
several times elected to the State Legislature, and 
was once nominated for Congress, but was defeated 
by five votes. He died at his home in Lawrence- 
burg, April 19, 1857. 

Fickling, F. "W. — Few, if any, of the sons of 
South Carolina have been endowed with nobler 
intellectual or moral faculties than F. W. Fickling, 
but his lack of " ambition," last infirmity of noble 
minds, is a real defect in his character. His prac- 
tice as a lawyer before the war was very lucrative, 
and yet he never seemed to make the slightest 
effort to extend it. 

The writer once heard him deliver an argument 
in court. In the beginning it was commonplace. 
But as his argument advanced his voice rose, his 
countenance brightened until it looked almost su- 
perhuman, and a mesmeric charmer has scarcely 
more complete control over his subjects than he 
had over his entire audience. He is now living in 
Columbia. 

Had he sought fame, he might, instead of being 
but partially known in his native State, have ranked 
as one of the first lawyers of the nation. He is a 
Christian, with such a measure of piety as makes 
him a blessing to the church and to the world. 

Field, Gen. James G„ was born at Walnut, 
Culpeper Co., Va., Feb. 24, 1826. His father was 
Lewis Yancey Field, a justice of the county. After 
receiving the elements of an education, he was en- 
gaged for a while in a mercantile house in Fairfax 
(Culpeper). In 1845 he left this occupation, and 
entei-ed a classical school, where he remained about 
one year. In 1847 he taught school, and was soon 
appointed clerk to Maj. Hill, paymaster in the U. S. 



army, with whom he went to California in 1848. 
There, in 1850, he was elected one of the secre- 
taries of the constitutional convention, which 
formed the first constitution of that State. In 




GEX. JAMES G. FIELD. 

1850 he returned to Virginia, resigned his clerk- 
ship, and began the study of law with his distin- 
guished uncle Judge Richard H. Field. In 1852 
he was admitted to the bar, and began a profes- 
sional career, which has continued to brighten to 
the present hour. In 1860 he was elected attorney 
for the Commonwealth in his native county, which 
ofiice he held until 1865. Gen. Field took an active 
part in the Confederate service during the war, was 
wounded in the right hand at the first battle of 
Cold Harbor, and lost a leg at the battle of Slaugh- 
ter's Mountain. Upon the close of the war he re- 
sumed the practice of law in Culpeper, occupying 
the first rank in his profession. He has been active 
in all the political contests in the State, and is one 
of the ablest debaters and most eloquent speakers 
in a commonwealth greatly gifted with such men. 
On the death of the lamented Mr. Daniel, attorney- 
general of the State, Gov. Kemper commissioned 
him to fill the unexpired term of Mr. Daniel. On 
the day previous to this appointment the Conser- 
vative party of Virginia nominated him for that 
distinguished position. 

General Field was baptized May, 1843, into the 
fellowship of the Mount Poney church (Culpeper) 
by Rev. Cumberland George, where he has been a 
most active member for thirty-five years. He was 
for twenty years one of its deacons, and for many 



FIELD 



FIFTH MONARCHY MEN 



years superintendent of the Sunday-school. For 
successive sessions he served as moderator of the 
Shiloh Baptist Association. He has been deeply 
interested in all the enterprises of the denomina- 
tion, aiding them by counsel and contributions. 
He has also been a frequent contributor to the 
secular papers, discussing -with great legal acumen 
and vigor of style the current political questions of 
the day. One who knew him well characterizes 
him as " a sound lawyer, an able debater, an elo- 
quent speaker, and a Christian gentleman." 

Field, S. W., D.D., was born in North Yar- 
mouth, Me., April 28, 1813. He was baptized by 




S. \V. FIELD, D.D. 

Rev. Alonzo King, pastor of the Baptist church, 
June, 1830 ; fitted for college at the academy in 
his native place, and entered Waterville College in 
1832 ; completed a course of four years' study, but 
took his degree at New York University in July, 
1836 ; was associate teacher with Rev. Nathan 
Dole one term in the North Yarmouth Academy ; 
entered Newton Theological Institution, and grad- 
uated in 1839; was ordained at North Yarmouth 
as an appointed missionary to Assam, Oct. 3, 1839. 
Rev. Baron Stow, of Boston, preached the ordina- 
tion sermon on the occasion. As the board were 
compelled for want of funds to inform him that no 
missionary could be sent out for two years, he was 
under the necessity of settling as a pastor. His 
first charge was in Methuen, Mass., of seven years ; 
his second in Hallowell, Me., of three years. In 
his third and last, by the lamented death of his 
former pastor, Rev. L. Bradford, he became pastor 



of what was the Pine Street, now the Central Bap- 
tist, church. Providence, R. I. After ten years" 
labor he resigned in 1859. He was engaged in 
preaching in Providence and its vicinity till 1862, 
when he was appointed by the governor of Rhode 
Island chaplain of the 12th Regiment R. I. Vols. 
Served the full term of the enlistment, and was in 
the battle of Fredericksburg, Va. Heart and hand 
had full employ on that terrible day and for many 
days after. He was highly favored in his religious 
work by the co-operation of Col. Geo. H. Browne 
and Lt.-Col. James Shaw, Jr. He is still a resi- 
dent in Providence, and a member of the First 
Baptist church, preaching in various places as oc- 
casion calls for his services. In 1877 the Central 
University of Iowa, Rev. L. A. Dunn, D.D., Presi- 
dent, conferred on him the honorary degree of Doc- 
tor of Divinity. 

Fifth Monarchy Men, The, for a considerable 
period, created great alarm in England to the gov- 
ernment and to the people. Their name is taken 
from the dream of Nebuchadnezzar whei-e he saw 
the golden image. The head of the image was the 
monarchy of the king who had the dream ; the 
silver arms, that of the Medes and Persians ; the 
brazen body, that of Alexander and the Macedo- 
nians ; the legs of iron and the feet part iron and 
part clay, that of the Romans ; and the stone, cut 
without hands, which smote and utterly destroyed 
the image, and became a great mountain, and filled 
the whole earth, was the monarchy of Jesus Christ 
which was to overthrow^ all earthly governments, 
and, under its divine sovereign, rule over all the 
nations of mankind. This was the "Fifth Mon- 
archy" of Cromwell's day, and of the time of 
Charles II. The Fifth Monarchy men were in ex- 
pectation of the coming of king -Jesus, and of his 
glorious reign of a thousand years upon the earth. 
They aimed to destroy national church establish- 
ments and tithes, and to make religion free. And 
they vrere stern republicans, hating the one-man 
power of Cromwell a little more than they abhorred 
the tyranny of Charles I. If this had been all their 
faith many would not have found much fault -with 
them. But unfortunately they came to the con- 
clusion that they had to establish the government 
of king Jesus by force of arms. "With this object 
in view, in 1657, according to Neal, 300 of them 
agreed to make an attempt to overthrow the gov- 
ernment, kill the Protector, and proclaim king 
Jesus. Secretary Thurloe discovered the plot and 
seized their arms and standard. Their flag had a 
lion couchant upon it, alluding to the lion of the 
tribe of Judah, and this motto, "Who will rouse 
him?" The conspirators were arrested and kept 
in prison till Oliver Cromwell's death. 

In 1660, Thomas Venner, a wine cooper, gathered 
about fifty Fifth Monarchy men, who were well 



FIKCH 



394 



FISH 



armed, who set out to seize the government for 
king Jesus. Charles II. was on the throne, and he 
was no friend of king Jesus, or of Venner and his 
crazy fnUowers. He sent the train-bands of Lon- 
don and portions of the regular army against 
them. The Fifth Monarchy men routed the train- 
bands, dispersed some soldiers in Threadneedle 
Street, but at last they surrendered, after losing 
about half their number, and eleven of them were 
executed. No Baptists had anything to do with 
Venner's mad outbreak, though not a few of them 
had some sympathy with the theory of the personal 
reign of Christ for a thousand years. 

Finch, Rev. Josiah John. — This excellent man 
was born in Franklin Co., N. C, Feb. 3, 1814; at- 
tended academies in Louisburg and Raleigh, and 
spent two sessions at Wake Forest College. He 
became pastor of the Edenton Baptist church in 
1835, removed in 1838 to Newbern, where for 
seven years he was the honored pastor of the lead- 
ing Baptist church of the State. In 1845 he Avas 
called to Raleigh, where, in connection with his 
duties fis pastor, he aided his wife in conducting a 
prosperous female seminary. He died of consump- 
tion Jan. 2!, 1850. A volume of his sermons, pub- 
lished by his brother. Rev. G. M. L. Finch, after 
his death, shows that he was a preacher of more 
than ordinary merit. 

Fish, Ezra J,, D.D., was born in I\Iacedon, 
Wayne Co., N. Y., Sept. 29, 1828. He was bap- 
tized in Medina, Orleans Co., in July, 1844. In 
the fall of 1847 he went to Hamilton to study for 
the ministry, and transferred his relations to 
Rochester University in 1850, graduating from the 
latter institution in 1853. He commenced study 
in the Theological Seminary at Rochester the same 
fall, but ill health compelled him to cease in the 
autumn of 1854, and he went to Michigan for rest 
and recuperation. The next spring he began pas- 
toral work in Lima, Ind. Here and at Sturgis, 
Mich., he labored till the autumn of 1858, giving 
part of his time to each church. Then followed a 
rest of three years, made necessary by ill health, 
then a second pastorate of three years at Sturgis. 
From December, 1864, till November, 1874, he was 
pastor in Adrian, and was very successful in bring- 
ing the church into the front rank of the churches 
of Michigan. Sickness again compelled him to 
suspend work, and for nearly three years he was 
able to preach only a part of the time, making his 
home in Bronson, and supplying churches in the 
vicinity as his health allowed. From April, 1877, 
till July, 1878, he did the work of a pastor in Lan- 
sing, and in April, 1880, became pastor in Al- 
legan. 

For several years he has directed his attention 
largely to the study of church organization and 
officers, and he published a volume, soon after 



leaving Adrian, entitled " Ecclesiology : A Fresh 
Inquiry into the Fundamental Idea and Constitu- 
tion of the New Testament Church." Kalamazoo 
College conferred on him the degree of Doctor of 
Divinity in 1874. He was president of the Michi- 
gan Baptist State Convention in 1867, and again 
in 1873. 

Fish, Henry Clay, D.D., was born in Halifax, 
Yt., Jan. 27, 1820. His father was a Baptist pas- 




HENRY CLAY FISH, D.D. 

tor. He was converted at fifteen. He studied at 
the high school in his native town and at the Shel- 
burn Falls Academy. He taught school in Massa- 
chusetts, and came to New Jersey in 1840 to pursue 
the same profession. While teaching he was a 
very severe student, as indeed he was ever after. 
He graduated from the Union Theological Semi- 
nary, New York City, June 25, 1845, and the next 
day he was ordained pastor of the Baptist church 
at Somerville, N. J. In January, 1851, he entered 
upon the pastorate of the First Baptist church at 
Newark. The degree of D.D. was conferred on 
Mr. Fish by the University of Rochester. He took 
a lively interest in educational enterprises, particu- 
larly in the Peddie Institute, at Hightstown, N. J. 
He was also a voluminous author. For more than 
twenty years he published an average of a volume 
a year. Among his works are " Primitive Piety," 
"Primitive Piety Revived," "The History and 
Repository of Pulpit Eloquence." "Pulpit Elo- 
quence of the Nineteenth Century," "The Hand- 
book of Revivals." and "The American Manual of 
Life Insurance." One of his last published vol- 



FISH 



395 



FISHER 



limes was "Bible Lands Illustrated," the result of 
an eight months' journey abroad in 1874. 

He died at his home Oct. 2, 1877, after a pastorate 
over the First church of twenty-seven years. While 
Dr. Fish was well known throughout the land, and 
prominent in public assemblies as well as in his 
writings, he gave particular attention to the edifi- 
cation of his large church. In preaching he was 
very earnest and pointed. His capacious house 
was filled with listeners. He infused his spirit into 
every department of Christian work. He made 
free use of printed tracts and slips of his own com- 
position, and had frequent ingatherings as the re- 
sult of special meetings. The last year of his life 
was crowned with a great spiritual harvest. 

For many years he was secretary of the New 
Jersey Baptist Education Society, and he rendered 
very valuable service in stimulating the churches 
to deeper interest in the rising ministry and in en- 
couraging candidates for the sacred office in their 
efforts to prepare themselves for the noblest of 
callings. 

Fish, Rev. Joel W., a native of Cheshire, 
Berkshire Co., Mass., was born Feb. 1, 1817. Edu- 
cated at Madison University, from which he was 
graduated in 1843, and Hamilton Theological Sem- 
inary, from which he was graduated in 1845. He 
was ordained in September, 1845, at Mansville, 
N. Y. ; soon after which he came to Wisconsin as 
a missionary of the American Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society, and settled at Geneva, where he was 
pastor of the Baptist church seven years. Subse- 
quently he labored at Racine two years, Fox Lake 
eleven years, Waupaca as supply nearly two years, 
and at present he is pastor of the Baptist church 
in Augusta. He was general missionary of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society for twelve 
years. During the war he was at the front in the 
service of the U. S. Christian Commission, caring 
for the sick, wounded, and dying. The ministry 
of Mr. Fish during his residence of thirty-four 
years in the State has been one of great growth 
with our people and churches. Even when pastor 
his laboi's and influence were not limited to his 
local field. He always took a deep interest in the 
progress and welfare of the denomination through- 
out the State. His influence as a herald of the 
cross is felt in all parts of Wisconsin, and he is 
held in high esteem by his brethren in the minis- 
try. He has been a hard worker on an unpro- 
ductive soil. While general missionary of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society during 
twelve years of service he traveled over 40,000 
miles. He has liaptized 400 converts. At the age 
of sixty-three he is preaching the gospel with much 
acceptance and success. 

Mv. Fish has had five children, only one of 
whom, a son, is living. Two highly gifted and 



acconiplished daughters he buried after they had 
reached mature womanhood. His wife, a woman 
of tine mental and Christian culture, has been the 
sharer of his forty years of missionary labor, thor- 
oughly in sympathy with him in his self-denying 
labors and often painful sacrifices. 

Fish, Hon. Nathan Gallup, son of Deacon 
Sands and Bridget (Gallup) Fish, was born in 
Groton, Conn., Sept. 7, 1804; had a good educa- 
tio;i ; became a distinguished sea-captain and ship- 
owner ; also a merchant after leaving the sea ; 
elected to the State senate ; widely known and 
honored ; president of the Mystic River Bank ; a 
deacon of the Third Baptist church in Groton, now 
Union Baptist church ; a man of wealth, but lost 
heavily by the Confederate cruisers during the 
war ; a man of rare excellence and abilities ; died 
in Groton, Aug. 1, 1870. His father was a greatly 
esteemed deacon of the First Baptist church in 
Groton. 

Fisher, Abiel, D.D., was born in Putney, Vt., 
June 19, 1787. He was baptized into the fellow- 
ship of the church in Daville, Vt., Dec. 5, 1806. 
Having decided that he ought to be a minister of 
the gospel, he went through a preparatory course, 
graduating at the Vermont University in the class 
of 1811. He pursued his theological studies under 
Rev. Nathaniel Kendrick, then of Middlebury, and 
was ordained as an evangelist in Brandon, Vt., 
June 15, 1815. In January, 1816, he entered upon 
the duties of the pastorate of the church in Bel- 
lingham, Mass., where he remained twelve years. 
From Bellingham he was called to West Boylston, 
Mass., and continued as pastor of the church in 
that place for three years. After brief pastorates 
in Sturbridge, Mass., and Pawtuxet, R. I., he had 
the charge for several years of the church in Swan- 
sea, Mass., the oldest Baptist church in the State. 
His last pastorate was at Sutton, Mass., from which 
place he removed to West Boylston, where he died 
in the summer of 1862. 

Dr. Fisher received his D.D. from Vermont 
University, and it was most deservedly bestowed. 
There was no good cause in which he did not take 
an interest. In connection with the Rev. .Jonathan 
Going, he rendered the best service to the Baptist 
cause in the central sections of Massachusetts. He 
was a lover of learning, and quite a number of 
young men enjoyed the benefits of his instruction, 
among whom were Rev. Jonathan Aldrich and Hon. 
Charles Thurber. We may justly claim Dr. Fisher 
as having been one of the most useful ministers of 
the denomination in the State of Massachusetts. 

Fisher, Rev. C. L., was born at Norwich, Eng- 
land, and is now pastor at Santa Clara. Cal. He 
was baptized in 1840 into the fellowship of the 
Broad Street church, Utica. N. Y., to which place 
the family removed from England in 1827. He 



FISHER 



396 



FISHER 



was educated at Clinton, N. Y., the seat of Ham- 
ilton College. He began his ministry at Mon- 
tello, Wis., where he was ordained in 1851. He 
labored in Wisconsin as pastor and missionary 
about ten years, organizing churches, building 
church edifices, and baptizing many converts. In 
1859 he moved to Minnesota, and spent one year 
with the Meoney Creek and Centerville churches. 
He emigrated to Oregon in 1860, and was pastor 
seven years at Salem, where he built a house- of 
worship. In 1869 he moved to California, and 
was pastor until 1875 at Sonora, Columbia, Santa 
Clara, and Marysville, and organized new churches 
at Camptonville and Yuba City. In 1875 he went 
to Virginia City, Nev., and in 1877 was at Reno. 
In these two cities he built houses of worship, and 
organized a church at Carson City. Returning to 
California, he organized a church at Holister, and 
in 1878 settled again at Santa Clara. His life has 
been a busy one in revival work. He has baptized 
about 600 converts, is an earnest preacher, and a 
constant contributor to the religious papers. 

Fisher, Rev. Ezra, one of the pioneer Baptist 
missionaries to Oregon, was born at Wendel, Mass., 
Jan. 6, 1800, when Baptists were suffering much 
persecution in that State by the Established Church. 
In 1818 he was converted, and became a minister 
of the gospel. After many struggles for an educa- 
tion he graduated from Newton Theological Semi- 
nary in 1829, was ordained Jan. 17, 1830, labored 
with much success as pastor one year at Cambridge, 
and two years at Springfield, Vt., where he baptized 
80 converts. As a missionary of the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society he preached for thir- 
teen years at Indianapolis, Ind., Quincy, 111., and 
Davenport, Iowa. In 1845 he crossed the plains 
with an ox-team for Oregon, and reached Tualatin 
Plains in the fall, and at once began to preach to 
the settlers. In 1846 he organized the first Baptist 
church west of the Rocky Mountains, in Washing- 
ton Co., Oregon. He was full of zeal, and ready 
to sacrifice any comfort for Christ. He had special 
gifts for teaching, and in 1849 took charge of the 
Baptist school at Oregon City, out of which after- 
wards grew the college at McMinnville. In 1849 
he resigned his chair in the institute, and gave him- 
self to pastoral and missionary work until Oct. 18, 
1874, when he preached his last sermon at the Dal- 
les' church. A sudden illness prevented him from 
further labor. He was carried to his home from 
the church, and Nov. 1, 1874, he fell asleep in 
Jesus, and closed an unusually active and success- 
ful life, whose fruits are abundant everywhere in 
Oregon. 

Fisher, John, was born in England, July 23, 
1799 ; came to Philadelphia in 1817, and 120 miles 
from that city heard a sermon which changed his 
whole life ; settled in St. John, New Brunswick, in 



1828, became convinced that believers' baptism only 
is authorized by Christ, was baptized in 1842, and 
joined the Germain Street Baptist church ; was 
soon appointed a deacon, which office he still hon- 
ors. As a ship-builder and ship-owner Mr. Fisher 
has added greatly to the wealth of St. John, and 
the commerce of New Brunswick. 

Fisher, Hon. Stearns, was bom near Dover, 
Windham Co., Vt., Nov. 5, 1804. His father moved 
to Ohio in 1816. The son at the age of eighteen 
taught a school to the satisfaction of his patrons. 
He afterwards began to work on the Ohio Canal, 
and by dint of assiduous study he was able to step 
from the ofiice of axeman to that of engineer. Hon. 
Alfred Kelly, who was chairman of the Ohio Board 
of Public Works, finding him one night after twelve 
o'clock studying algebra, took an especial interest 
in him and aided him. Having found employment 
on the Wabash and Erie Canal, he moved to a farm 
near Wabash, Ind., in 1833. He was afterwards 
appointed general superintendent of the canal. He 
had control of canal construction and land offices 
in the State, and although over one and a half 
million dollars passed through his hands, there was 
no charge nor thought of dishonesty. In 1846 he 
was again appointed general superintendent of the 
canal. He was for one term a member of the lower 
house in the Indiana Legislature. In 1868 he was 
elected to the senate of the Indiana Legislature. 
Here, as in the house, his ability and leadership 
were acknowledged. He was appointed paymaster 
of the Indiana Legion. In the dark days of the 
war he was a firm friend of the Union, and greatly 
aided Gov. Morton in his patriotic efforts in Indi- 
ana. He was converted, and joined the Wabash 
Baptist church in 1853, and was an earnest, con- 
sistent, benevolent Christian. Almost his whole 
life was spent in public service, and his integrity 
and wisdom were universally acknowledged. He 
died in Wabash, July 26, 1877. 

Fisher, Rev. Thomas Jefferson, a strangely 

gifted orator, of German extraction, was born in 
Mount Sterling, Ky., April 9, 1812. At sixteen 
years of age he professed religion and joined the 
Presbyterian church at Paris, Ky., but soon after- 
wards becoming interested in the subject of bap- 
tism, he was led to unite with Davids Fork Bap- 
tist church, in Fayette County, where he was 
baptized in 1829, and in a short time licensed to 
preach. Having a great thirst for knowledge, he 
attended school at Middletown, Pa., and afterward 
at Pittsburgh, under the direction of Rev. S. Wil- 
liams. In 1833 he returned to Kentucky, and was 
ordained to the ministry, entering the pastoral of- 
fice at Lawrenceburg. This was soon abandoned 
for the work of an evangelist, to which he devoted 
most of the remainder of his life. He made his 
home in Kentucky, but traveled and held meetings 



FITZ 



397 



FIVE-MILE ACT 



in the towns and cities of many of the Southern 
States. Vast crowds thronged to hear him, and it 
is estimated that 12,000 persons professed conver- 
sion under his ministry. Whole congregations 




RET. THOMAS JEFFERSOX FISHER. 

were frequently raised to their feet by the power 
of his eloquence. On the evening of Jan. 8, 1866, 
while walking along Eighth Street, in Louisville, 
Ky., he was struck on the head with a slung-shot, 
from the eifects of which he died three days after- 
wards. His biography was written and published 
by J. H. Spencer, D.D. 

Fitz, Hon. Eustace Gary, was born in Haver- 
hill, Mass., Feb. 5, 1833. When a child his parents 
removed to Boston, where they resided until 1841, 
and then moved to Chelsea. He was a graduate of 
the Chelsea High School in 1847. Soon after 
leaving school he commenced mercantile pursuits, 
in which he has achieved a large success. In 1856 
he took up his residence in Cambridge, Mass., 
where he lived till 1859, when he returned to 
Chelsea, where he has continued to reside until the 
present time. Mr. Fitz has been called by his fellow- 
citizens to fill various offices of civil trust. He was 
president of the common council of the city of Chel- 
sea two years, mayor of Chelsea three years, a mem- 
ber of the Massachusetts House of Representatives 
two years, and a State senator two years. In the cause 
of Christian benevolence, he has proved himself an 
active and liberal friend. As a member of the 
executive committee of the Missionary Union, he 
has rendered good service to foreign missions. Mr. 
Fitz is in the prime of a busy life, and if it is spared 



he will continue to make his influence felt as a 
Christian citizen, and a loyal member of the de- 
nomination to which he belongs. 

Fitz, Rev. H., was born in Charlton, Mass., 
Nov. 22, 1792. He received his education at Am- 
herst College, where he graduated in the class of 
1826. He pursued his theological studies at New- 
ton, where he graduated in 1829. lie was ordained 
as pastor of the Baptist church in Waterville, Mo., 
Oct. 7, 1829, from which he removed to Hallowell, 
Me., and from thence to Middleborough, Mass., 
where he remained four years, from 1832 to 1836. 
He was subsequently pastor of the churches in 
Thompson, Conn., Marblehead, and Millbury, 
Mass. For more than thirty years, he was the 
missionary agent of the Massachusetts Baptist Con- 
vention, and came to be known everywhere as 
" Father Fitz." Among the feeble churches of the 
State, he did a work the influence of which will 
be felt for a long time to come. Mr. Fitz died at 
Middleborough in 1877. 

Five-Mile Act, The, received the king's ap- 
proval Oct. 31, 1665. By its provisions no min- 
ister was permitted to come within five miles of 
any city or corporation where he had preached 
after the Act of Oblivion, under very severe penal- 
ties, unless he should take the following oath : " I, 
A. B., do solemnly declare, that it is not lawful, 
upon any pretence whatsoever, to take up arms 
against the king ; and that I do abhor the traitor- 
ous position of taking arms by his authority against 
his person, or against those that are commissioned 
by him, in pursuance of such commission. And I 
do swear that I will not at any time to come en- 
deavor the alteration of the government, either in 
church or state. So help me God." 

This act overflowed with cunning malice. The 
Non-Conformists of all sects, whose pastors had 
been removed from them by the Act of Uniformity, 
resided chiefly in corporate towns and cities, and, 
as a consequence, the execution of this law would 
drive the ministers from their only friends. Per- 
haps there was not a single Non-Conformist min- 
ister in England but believed that in some in- 
stances it was righteous to resist a wicked king by 
force of arms. So that on that ground alone he 
could not take the oath. And then all Non-Con- 
formist ministers, as conscientious men, were bound 
to seek alterations in the government of a church so 
tainted with error that they preferred the loss of all 
their worldly goods to a confession of its purity by 
remaining in it. The Five-Mile Act was designed 
to subject them to the horrors of starvation, by cut- 
ting them off from their friends ; or to the miseries 
of a dungeon if they ventured among them, for the 
king and Parliament well knew that they could 
I never take such an oath. So that it was intended 
I to destroy all Non-Conformist congregations. 



FLAG 



398 



FLEISCHMANN 



Under this dreadful law, all Dissenting ministers 
suffered the most grievous wrongs ; and not a few 
of them felt the pangs of hunger. Yet large num- 
bers of them defied the act, and were thrust into 
foul prisons for their disobedience. The Baptist 
ministers were men of great courage, and soon after 
the enactment of this law many of them were in 
the jails of Christian England, for preaching Jesus 
and him crucified. 

Flag, American Baptist, was established in 

La Grange, Mo., Jan. 1, 1875, by D. B. Ray, D.D., 
and removed to St. Louis in June, 1877. It aims to 
supply a place in religious journalism, occupied by 
no other paper, in views of the ordinances and 
church constitution, and in bold antagonism to 
error and latitudinarianisrn. The design pf the 
editor is to interfere with no other religious jour- 
nal of the denomination. It makes a specialty of 
ecclesiastical history and polemic theology. On 
Jan. 7, 1880, the name of the Flag was changed 
from Battle Flag to American Baptist Flag, and 
the paper was enlarged from 40 to 48 columns. 
It has able contributors, but only one proprietor 
and editor, Dr. D. B. Ray. Rev. D. B. Weber is the 
able business manager and a, minister of promise. 
The Flag is not sectional, and circulates in all 
the States. It has a family and Sunday-school 
department. 

Flagg, Rev. Wilkes (colored), a resident of 
MiUedgeville, Ga., died Nov. 13, 1878, in the 
seventy-eighth year of his age, was universally 
respected and esteemed by all classes of the com- 
munity. The white people had the highest regard 
for him as an honest man and a sincere Christian. 
He was converted, and joined the Baptist church at 
MiUedgeville in 1834, was made a deacon, and soon 
after was licensed to preach to the colored people. 
He purchased his own freedom years before the 
war, and, while preaching, followed the trade of a 
blacksmith, being liberally patronized by the white 
people. He learned to read, and studied the Bible 
diligently, and became a most useful and consistent 
Christian, remaining so unto the day of his death, 
bold and zealous as a Christian, yet meek and 
humble as a disciple. After the Avar he organ- 
ized the colored members of the MiUedgeville 
church into a separate body, and was chosen their 
pastor, and so continued until his death. He was 
a prime mover in the organization of the Middle 
Georgia Baptist (colored) Association in 1866, of 
which he was annually elected moderator, while he 
lived. He was chairman of the Executive Board, 
and in 1873 was elected treasurer, which office he 
held at death. He was wise in counsel, pure in 
life, zealous in deed, and earnest and sincere in his 
religion. " He crystallized the teachings of his re- 
ligion in his moral being." 

Flanders, Charles W., D.D,, was bom in Sal- 



isbury, Mass., February, 1807, and was a graduate 
of Brown University in the class of 1839. He 
studied theology with Rev. John Wayland, D.D., 
at the time pastor of the First Baptist church in 
Salem, Mass. Dr. Flanders was pastor of the 
First Baptist church in Danvers, Mass., for almost 
ten years, and of the First Baptist church in Con- 
cord, N. H., for sixteen years. In both these places 
his labors were eminently successful. Waning 
health and strength, after so many years of almost 
uninterrupted ministerial and pastoral labor, warned 
him to resign the pastorate of so large a church, 
and the remainder of his life was passed in spheres 
of duty more limited and making less demand 
on his powers. The churches of Kennebunkport, 
Me., and of Westborough and Beverly Farms, 
Mass., were blessed with the ripe fruits of his 
Christian experience and knowledge, and lield him 
in high esteem for the many excellent qualities 
which endeared him to them. BroAvn University 
conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Divinity 
in 1859. From 1854 to his death he was a mem- 
ber of the board of trustees. He died in Beverly, 
Mass., Aug. 2, 1875. 

Fleet, Col. Alexander, the son of Capt. Wm. 
Fleet, was born on the 26th of April, 1798, at 
Rural Felicity, King and Queen Co., Va. He re- 
ceived instruction from Rev. R. B. Semple, D.D., 
and was graduated at William and Mary College. 
In 1831 he joined the Bruington church, of which 
he remained a member during his long life, and 
which he served as deacon more than forty years. 
He was one of the founders of its Sunday-school, 
and devoted his whole life to its prosperity, as 
well as organizing and assisting other schools. 
He was an active laborer in Associations, fre- 
quently presiding as moderator ; was also inter- 
ested in secular education, and after the close of 
the war taught a small white school at his own 
house, and subsequently a colored free school, 
lie published no literary works, but many a 
troubled heai*t was made glad by the reception 
of letters of condolence and Christian sympathy 
from him. Col. Fleet did good service also as 
magistrate and as representative in the Legisla- 
ture of his State. He was twice married, first to 
Mrs. Hoomes and then to Mrs. Martha A. Butler. 
His widow and four children are still living. This 
excellent man died on the 27th of September, 1877. 

Fleischmann, Rev. Conrad Anton.— Thename 
of this indefatigable and successful minister will 
ever remain dear to German Baptists in America, 
as he Was the first German Baptist missionary in 
this country, and in some sense the founder of our 
German Baptist communities. 

Mr. Fleischmann was born in Nuremberg, in the 
kingdom of Bavaria, April 18, 1812. He w.as early 
instructed in the tenets of the Lutheran creed, 



FLEISCHMANN 



399 



FLETCHER 



deeming; himself to be a good Christian when as 
yet he knew nothing concerning regeneration. 
Having learned a trade, he left his native city in 
his nineteenth year to travel as a journeyman, ac- 




REV. CONRAD ANTON FLEISCHMANN. 

cording to the custom then prevalent among me- 
chanics. Reaching Geneva, Switzerland, he came 
under the influence of earnest Christians, and soon 
found peace in believing. This was in 1831. He 
was subsequently baptized in Basle, Switzerland. 
After a severe inward struggle, Mr. Fieischmann 
yielded to the divine call and entered a theological 
school at Berne, Switzerland, then under the au- 
spices of the Free Evangelical Church, an independ- 
ent body to which Mr. Fieischmann at that time 
belonged. Three years later Mr. Fieischmann en- 
tered upon his labors in Emmenthal, canton of 
Berne. He labored amidst severe persecution, but 
with abundant blessing. 

In 1837, Mr. Fieischmann revisited his native 
land, and in the following year, at the invitation 
of the well-known George Mueller, he came to 
Bristol, England, as his return to Switzerland had 
been providentially hindered. After remaining for 
some time under the hospitable roof of Mr. Muel- 
ler, in 1839 he left Bristol for the New World for 
the purpose of preaching the gospel to his country- 
men in America, whose spiritual destitution touched 
his heart. He labored at first in New York, after- 
wards in Newark, N. J., where the first German 
converts were baptized by him. From Newark he 
removed to Reading, Pa. Then he preached in 
Lycoming Co., Pa., where his labors were abun- 



dantly blessed. The spirit of God moved the whole 
region and many were converted and baptized. 

In 1842, Mr. Fieischmann removed to Philadel- 
phia, where a church was soon formed, which en- 
tered into fellowship with the Philadelphia Asso- 
ciation in 1848. Although Mr. Fieischmann labored 
principally as pastor of this church, yet he contin- 
ually made extensive missionary tours intodifTerent 
States. In 1852 the first Conference of German 
Baptists was held, and Mr. Fieischmann was ap- 
pointed editor of the monthly paper. When in 
1865 it became a weekly paper, he became asso- 
ciate editor. He presided at the first meeting of 
the General Conference in 1865. He was inti- 
mately identified with all the interests of the Ger- 
man cause in this land, and his efi"orts and advice 
seemed indispensable. When he was suddenly 
removed by death, Oct. 15, 1867, his departure 
spread intense gloom over the churches. All felt 
that a pillar in the denomination had been removed. 

Mr. Fieischmann was a man of talent; he was 
winning, affectionate, and eloquent in hisdiscourses, 
and indefatigable in his laliors ; just such a man as 
was needed to lay foundations for the German Bap- 
tist churches of America. His memory will ever 
remain precious to them, and to large numbers of 
American Baptists who appreciated his worth and 
honored him for his work. 

Fletcher, Hon. Asaph, was born at Westford, 
Mass., June 28, 1746. He was the subject of very 
marked religious impressions when he was but ten 
years of age, and became a hopeful Christian when 
he was sixteen. His parents were Congregation- 
alists, and he was sprinkled in his infancy. When 
he was old enough to make personal investigation 
of the subject, he adopted the sentiments of the 
Baptists, and was immersed at Leicester, Mass., 
May 15, 1768, being then not far from twenty-two 
years of age. For more than seventy years he was 
an active and intelligent member of churches in 
the towns where he had his residence. His fellow- 
citizens elected him to many positions of honor and 
trust. While living in his native place he was 
chosen a member of the convention which formed 
the constitution of Massachusetts in 1780. He 
used his utmost endeavor while thus acting to in- 
troduce into that instrument the Baptist principle 
that public worship ought to be sustained by vol- 
untary contribution and not by taxation. Al- 
though he did not succeed in effecting his object, 
he tried to see it brought about at a subsequent 
period. In the month of February, 1787, Dr. 
Fletcher removed to Cavendish, Vt., where he con- 
tinued to reside during the remainder of his life. 
Here, also, he became a man of note. He was a 
member of the Vermont convention which applied 
to Congress for admission into the Union. Shortly 
after he was a member of the convention which re- 



FLETCHER 



400 



FLIPPO 



vised the constitution of the State. Here, as in the 
Massachusetts convention, he ably vindicated his 
Baptist sentiments on religious liberty. The citi- 
zens of Cavendish frequently elected him a mem- 
ber of the Legislature. For several years he was 
one of the judges of the County Court and a mem- 
ber of the governor's council. He was also one of 
the Presidential electors when James Monroe was 
chosen President of the United States. He held 
also many other civil offices, his election to which 
indicated the esteem in which he was held by his 
fellow-citizens. He died at the advanced age of 
ninety-two years, Jan. 5, 18.S9. Among the Bap- 
tists of his adopted State he held a high position, 
as one who was thoroughly loyal to his denom- 
ination. 

Fletcher, Horace, D.D., was the son of Hon. 

Asaph Fletcher, and a brother of the late Judge 
Richard Fletcher, of Boston. He was born in 
Cavendish, Vt., Oct. 28, 1796. In 1813 he became 
a member of Vermont University at Burlington, 
and remained there until the college buildings were 
surrendered to the army. He entered Dartmouth 
College in the spring of 1815, joining the Sopho- 
more class, and graduated in 1817. For a time he 
was principal of the Franklin County Academy at 
New Salem, N. H., and then commenced the study 
of law at Westminster, Vt. Being admitted to the 
bar, he commenced the practice of his profession in 
his native place, and continued in it for fifteen 
years. During this period he became a hopeful 
Christian, and was baptized into the fellowship of 
the Baptist church of Cavendish. He now felt it 
to be his duty to preach, and giving what attention 
he could to the study of theology, he was ordained 
pastor of the Baptist church in Townshend, Vt., 
where he remained until his death. His work as a 
minister was greatly blessed, and precious revivals 
were experienced during his long pastorate. He 
was a public-spirited citizen as well as a good min- 
ister of Jesus Christ. For some time he was a sen- 
ator in the Legislature of Vermont. The honorary 
degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon 
him by Madison University in 1860. Dr. Fletcher 
died Nov. 27, 1871. 

Fletcher, Rev. John, was born July 9, 1832 : 
was baptized by Rev. J. Inglis in February, 18.51 ; 
was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in Ce- 
resco, Mich., March, 1859. Subsequently he served 
the churches in Sturgis and Edwardsburg ; was 
chaplain of the 9th Regiment of Michigan Volun- 
teer Cavalry one year, ending with August, 1865 ; 
accompanied his regiment in Sherman's marches 
of that winter. Soon after leaving the army he 
became pastor of the church in Plainwell, and re- 
mains yet in that relation. In 1876 he had leave 
of absence for a few months, and meanwhile sup- 
plied the pulpit of the E Street church in Wash- 



ington, D. C. That church called him to its pas- 
torate, and he was inclined to accept the call. But 
the unanimous and earnest wish of the church in 
Plainwell, and a written petition signed by a large 
proportion of the citizens, and the action of a public 
meeting called to remonstrate against his leaving, 
changed his plans. 

Mr. Fletcher, during the fifteen years of his pas- 
torate in Plainwell, has performed an almost in- 
credible amount of pastoral work, constantly main- 
taining several preaching stations besides filling 
his own pulpit. He is the only pastor the church 
has had, and he has seen it grow to one of the 
largest in the State. He is a true bishop after the 
apostolic model. 

Fletcher, Joshua, D.D., was born in Kings- 
bury, Washington Co., N. Y., April 27, 1804; 
graduated at Hamilton in 1829 ; was ordained at 
Saratoga Springs the same year, where he con- 
tinued pastor for nineteen years ; has been pastor 
in Amenia and Cambridge, N. Y., in Southington, 
Conn., and he is now pastor of Wallingford, Vt. 
In 1866 Madison University conferred upon him 
the degree of Doctor of Divinity. 

Fletcher, Judge Richard, was bom in Caven- 
dish, Vt.. Jan. 8, 1788. At the age of fourteen he 
entered Dartmouth College, where he graduated in 
1806. He studied law with Daniel Webster, and in 
1809 was admitted to the bar. He commenced the 
practice of his profession in Salisbury, N. H., but 
like his celebrated teacher, he aspired after a wider 
sphere within which to exercise his vocation, and 
concluded to remove to Boston and try his fortunes 
there. Like so many others of his profession, he 
entered the arena of politics. He represented a 
section of his adopted home in the State Legisla- 
ture. Then was chosen a representative to Con- 
gress. For many years he was a judge of the Mas- 
sachusetts Supreme Court, and is best known in 
that State as "Judge"' Fletcher. But his highest 
glory was that he was an earnest disciple of the 
Lord Jesus Christ. He was for many years a 
member of what was the Rowe Street church, and 
enjoyed the confidence and aS'ection of his pastor, 
Rev. Dr. Stow. 

After his decease, which occurred June 21, 1869, 
it was found that he had remembered with great 
generosity the college where he received his early 
education, having bequeathed to it the munificent 
sum of $100,000. 

Flippo, Rev. Oscar Farish, was born at Leb- 
anon, Lancaster Co., Va., Jan. 1, 1836, and educated 
at Kilmarnock Academy. He was licensed to 
preach in 1857, and was ordained in Salisbury, 
Md., in 1858, where he served as pastor nearly two 
years. From 1861 to 1868 he was pastor of the 
Newtown, Pitt's Creek, Rehoboth, and Chincoteague 
churches, and during that time baptized about 200 



FLOOD 



FLORIDA 



persona. From March, 1868, to September, 1870, he 
was pastor of the church in Dover, Del. During the 
following four years he served as general evangelist 
for the whole State of Delaware, and was remark- 
ably successful in the work. The Wyoming Insti- 
tute, at Wyoming, Del., passed into the hands of 
the Baptists mainly through his instrumentality. 
Mr. Flippo had the pleasure of seeing the entire Zion 
Methodist church, near Harrington, Del., change 
their views and adopt the principles of the Baptists, 
and he baptized every member of the church, includ- 
ing the pastor. During his pastorate in Dover he 
was elected chaplain of the Legislature of Delaware, 
in the winter of 1869. The failing health of Mrs. 
Flippo made it necessary that he should abandon his 
work as an evangelist, in which he had accomplished 
so much good, and he accordingly accepted the 
pastorate of the Waverly Baptist church, Baltimore, 
■which he held for five years. In 1866 he started 
the Baptist Visitor, a monthly paper, which he con- 
tinued to edit and publish for twelve years. In 
1877 he returned to Virginia, and soon afterwards 
became pastor of the Baptist church in Suffolk, in 
that State. While in Baltimore he was elected 
moderator of the Maryland Union Baptist Asso- 
ciation, in 1877. He has been quite successful as 
a public lecturer, and several of his addresses have 
been received with marked favor. 

Flood, Judge Joseph, was born in Shelby Co., 
Ky. He removed to Callaway Co., Mo., in 1846, and 
settled near Fulton, where he lived for twenty years. 
In 1828 he removed to Clay County, and spent the re- 
mainder of his life in and near Kearney. He united 
early in life with the church in Christiansburg, 
Ky., and adorned his profession till the day of his 
death. He was connected with Westminster Col- 
lege, in 1866, as principal of the preparatory de- 
partment, and held a like position in Stephens Col- 
lege, Columbia, in 1867. Few men surpassed him 
in zeal for Sunday-schools. He was superintendent 
at Richland, in Callaway County, for years, and also 
deacon in the church for a long time, and " used the 
office well." 

At Kearney he was superintendent of the Sun- 
day-school, and forty in it were converted just be- 
fore his death. Joseph Flood was a man of sterling 
worth and unblemished reputation. He died Nov. 
14, 1878, sixty-five years of age. His memory is 
fragrant wherever he was known. 

Flood, Rev. Noah, was born in Shelby Co., 
Ky., June 14, 1809. He had marked talent from 
a child. He resisted his first religious impressions, 
and thought that God was harsh. He was converted 
in 1824. In 1828 he united with the Baptist church 
at Christiansburg, Shelby Co., Ky. In 1829 he 
came to Missouri. He attended Dr. Nelson's school 
in Marion Co., Mo. He was licensed in 1832 by 
Little Union church, near Palmyra, Mo. He spent 



1834 and 1835 in Shurtlefi' College, 111. After 
this he taught in Woodford Co., Ky. He was or- 
dained in 1838. In 1839 he settled in Callaway 
Co., Mo. lie organized Richland, Grand Prairie, 
Unity, Union Hill, Mount Horeb, and Dry Fork 
churches. In 1852 he removed to Fayette County. 
For six years he preached to Fayette, Walnut 
Grove, Mount Zion, and Chariton churches. In 
1858 he removed to Iluntsville, and labored there 
till 1863, and then removed to Roanoke. The war 
gave him trouble, but all parties respected him and 
became his friends before his death. In 1865 
Brother Flood moved to Boone County, and died at 
Columbia, Aug. 11, 1873. The ministry of Mis- 
souri greatly honored him. Twice he was moder- 
ator of the General Association. He was a warm 
friend of William Jewell College. Rev. J. F. 
Cook, LL.D., his nephew, acknowledges his fatherly 
kindness to him. Noah Flood died in the enjoy- 
ment of perfect peace. Dr. S. II. Ford, Nathan 
Ayres, and his brother, Judge Flood, with his fam- 
ily, were present at his death. 

Florida Baptist College.— The Baptists never 
made an effort to establish a denominational col- 
lege, literary or theological, till very recently. 
Some six or eight years ago the Bethlehem Baptist 
Association, which possesses in the main the tal- 
ents and numbers of the colored Baptists of the 
State, commenced to raise funds to found a theo- 
logical school. They continued to contribute an- 
nually small sums, and purchased a lot at Live 
Oak for a site, but they have not yet been able to 
secure buildings. The Home Mission Society of 
New York have adopted the enterprise, and will 
commence to build in the fall of 1880. This is the 
first and only effort made by the denomination to 
secure a college in Florida. 

Florida Baptist State Convention.— The Con- 
vention was organized in 1854, in the parlor of 
Rev. R. J. Mays, Madison County. Rev. David G. 
Daniel was the first secretary, but the writer is not 
able to give the name of the first president. Only 
a very meagre account of the Convention can be 
furnished. 

The session for 1856 was held at Madison Court- 
Ilouse, in November. The attendance was not 
large. James Edmunds, of Kentucky, secretary 
of the Bible Revision Association, Rev. W. N. 
Chaudoin, agent of the "Bible Board" of Southern 
Baptist Convention, and Rev. T. J. Bowen, re- 
turned missionary of the Southern Convention from 
Central Africa, were visitors. 

It is not known where the meetings were held in 
1857, 1858, and 1859, but in 1860 a session was held 
in Jacksonville, with the Bethel Baptist church, in 
May. Joseph S. Baker, D.D., was then residing at 
Jacksonville, and his presence added interest to the 
meeting. 



FLORIDA 



402 



FLORIDA 



Of the next ten years no information can be 
given of the meetings, nor is it known whether 
there were meetings held every year. 

A session was held in 1869, of which Rev. P. P. 
Bishop was elected president, and he was re-elected 
at Madison, in November, 1871, and Rev. H. B, 
McCallum was chosen secretary. From the min- 
utes of that year it appears that at the previous 
meeting it was agreed to co-operate with the Home 
Mission Society of New York in missionary work, 
and under that arrangement F. C. Johnson labored 
at Jacksonville, Charles B. Jones at Palatka and 
vicinity, W. E. Stanton on the St. John's River, 
P. P. Bishop as general missionary, and H. B. 
McCallum at Lake City and vicinity. 

The session was not largely attended, but was 
quite interesting, and the presence of such men as 
Bishop, McCallum, Smith, Tomkies, and C. D. 
Campbell made it strong. A report was made on 
ministerial education, and $63.50 raised to aid 
Brother Perry, who was in the theological semi- 
nary at Greenville, S. C, from Marion Co.. Fla. 

In 1872 the session was held at Lake City, in 
November. There was no report of missionary 
work, but the presence of AV. N. Chaudoin was 
noted, in the capacity of district secretary of Home 
Mission Board of Southern Convention, and the 
desirableness of having a general evangelist was 
discussed, and Elder McCallum was requested to 
commence the publication of a Baptist paper. 

November, 1873, the body met at Providence 
church, Bradford Co. Warren Randolph, D.D., 
of Philadelphia, and L. B. Fish, of Georgia, both 
in the interest of the American Baptist Publication 
Society, were present. 

Probably a couple of years before this time the 
churches in several counties on the line of Georgia 
and Florida, in Georgia, but hitherto identified 
with Florida, organized an Association in Georgia, 
and it allied itself with the Georgia Convention. 
This materially weakened the Florida Convention, 
yet the meeting at Providence was well attended, 
and was one of more than usual interest. Elder 
Kinsey Chambei-s made a report as State 'evangelist. 

The next meeting was held at Jacksonville, in 
February, 1875, Rev. J. H. Tomkies, President, 
and Rev. H. B. McCallum, Secretary. Elders 
Chaudoin, Fish, Gaulden, and Cawood were present 
from the Georgia Baptist Convention. In February, 
1876, the meeting wns held at Gainesville, at which 
time it was deemed best to change the time, and 
they adjourned to meet in December of the same 
year at Madison. In consequence of excessive 
rain the meeting in December was almost a fixilure, 
no business was transacted, and they adjourned to 
convene at the call of the Executive Committee, 
which was to meet at Tallahassee in January, 
1879. That meeting was followed by another, at 



the same place, in January, 1880, which was the 
most important one held for several years. Dr. 
Graves, of Tennessee, added much interest to the 
meeting by his presence. 

Florida Periodicals.— In 1860, Rev. N. A. 
Bailey, then pastor of the Baptist church at Mon- 
ticello, Fla., and W. N. Chaudoin, then at Thomas- 
ville, Ga., issued a prospectus of a Baptist paper 
for Florida, but its publication was never com- 
menced. In 1872, the Santa Fe River Association 
passed resolutions favoring a new paper, and their 
action was indorsed by the Florida Association. 
At the State Convention in Lake City, in Novem- 
ber, the Committee on Publications also reported 
favoi'ably, and a subscription was made to aid the 
enterprise. In February following the first number 
of the Florida Baptist was issued at Lake City, 
Rev. H. B. McCallum, Editor, with Elders T. E. 
Langley and J. H. Tomkies, Corresponding Editors. 

The paper was published till 1875, but was never 
remunerative. During that year, or early in 1876, 
it was discontinued, and the subscription-list and 
good-will of the paper were transferred to the 
Christian Index, of Atlanta, Ga., and an arrange- 
ment made for a Florida department in that paper. 
The arrangement has been very generally approved, 
and the Christian Index has a considerable circula- 
tion. W. N. Chaudoin, Jacksonville, is Florida 
editor. 

Florida, Sketch of the Baptists of.— The 
Florida Association was the first organized in the 
State, and the only one for four years after its 
formation. It has held its thirty-seventh annual 
session, and so was organized in 1841 or 1842. 
Tiie territory covered by its churches is not known, 
but they were mostly in Leon, Jefferson, and Madi- 
son Counties in Florida, and Thomas Co., Ga. 

Alachua was probably the next, and was organ- 
ized in 1845 or 1846, and its churches were em- 
braced in a territory reaching from the St. Mary's 
River to Tampa, on the Gulf coast. 

The Santa Fe River Association was taken from 
the northern part of the Alachua, in 1854 or 1855, 
and its churches were located in Duval, Clay, Nas- 
sau, Columbia, Bradford, Alachua, Levy, and per- 
haps other counties. 

West Florida Association, lying west of the 
Chattahoochee River, and occupying all that part 
of the State, was doubtless organized as early as 
the Santa F6 River, and may be earlier, but the 
date cannot be given. 

Ten years elapsed before the organization of the 
South Florida, which was the next, and covers all 
the southern part of the territory of Alachua, viz., 
a part of Hernando and all of Hillsborough and 
Polk Counties. This was in 1866. 

Suwanee and New River Associations were both 
made out of what the Santa F6 River included, 



FLOYD 



FONT 



mainly, in 1872. The year following, 1873, the St. 
John's Iliver was organized. 

Since that time Manatee, North St. John's River, 
Middle Florida, and Harmony Associations have 
been formed, and prior to these, but in what 
year is not known, the Wekiva Association was or- 
ganized, and it includes most of the churches in 
Orange, and some in Volusia County. There is 
probably a small Association in Sumter County, 
but nothing is known by the writer of its condition, 
name, or numbers. 

We are not able to give the number of the 
Associations of colored Baptists. Their principal 
strength is in the First Bethlehem, which has held 
its eleventh anniversary. The Bethlehem, No. 2, 
Jerusalem, Nazarene, and East Florida have all 
been organized since 1865. Others have recently 
been formed, but names are not known. 

It is safe to say that there are more than 20,000 
Baptists in Florida, somewhat more than half of 
whom are colored, in about 300 churches, and under 
the care of about 200 ministers. 

Floyd, Rev. Matthew, was the son of Abra- 
ham Floyd, a native of Ireland, who with his father. 
Col. Matthew Floyd, came to America during the 
Revolutionary war; both entered the service of the 
colonies. At the close of the war Capt. Floyd 
settled in South Carolina, where his son Matthew 
was born. He came with his parents to Madison 
Co., Ky., in 1796. Here he joined the Methodists. 
But soon afterwards, having studied the subject 
of baptism, he was immersed, and joined the Bap- 
tists. This action greatly incensed his father, who 
was an Episcopalian, and young Floyd was ex- 
pelled from his home. He was licensed to preach 
in 1811, and ordained the same year. He was 
pastor of White Oak church fifty-one years. He 
preached much among the destitute in his own and 
the surrounding counties, and is supposed to have 
baptized about 1500 persons. He was moderator 
of South Concord Association sixteen years, and of 
the South Cumberland twenty-one years. His life 
from the date of his ordination until his death, 
Aug. 19, 1863, was spent in Pulaski Co., Ky. 

Foley, Rev. Moses, son of Rev. Moses Foley, 
an eminently useful preacher, was born in Wash- 
ington Co., Va., Feb. 7, 1777. He professed con- 
version about 1801, and began to exhort before he 
was baptized. His usefulness was so apparent that 
he was ordained only a few months after his bap- 
tism, lie labored about eight years in his native 
county, and in 1811 removed to Kentucky. He 
first settled in Pulaski County, but the next year 
took charge of the Baptist church at Crab Orchard, 
in Lincoln County, where he resided until his death. 
Under his ministry this church grew to a member- 
ship of over 400. He preached with success to 
several other churches. He died Nov. 6, 1858. 



Foljambe, Rev. S. W., was born in Leeds, Eng- 
land, Oct. 14, 1827. His early associations were 
with the Methodists, his grandfather having /or 
many years been a Methodist preacher. He re- 




REV. S. W. FOLJAMUE. 

ceived a liberal education. He came to this country 
in 1836, and for several years resided in Franklin, 
0. His early preaching was among the Meth- 
odists. While meeting an engagement in the Wes- 
leyan church in Pittsburgh, Pa., he became a Bap- 
tist, and was installed as pastor of the Branch 
Street church in that city, remaining there until 
he removed to a village some fifteen miles north of 
Pittsburgh. His next settlement was with the Grant 
Street church in Pittsburgh. From it he went to 
Dayton, 0., where he remained six years, then to 
Framingham and East Boston, Mass. From East 
Boston he accepted a call to Albany, where he 
remained but a short time, and then became pastor 
of the Harvard Street church in Boston, from 
which place he removed to Maiden, Mass., where 
he now resides. Mr. Foljambe is an able preacher, 
whom the Saviour has honored and blessed. 

Font, the name universally given to the vessel 
containing the water used in baptism in Episcopal 
and Catholic churches. It is the Latin fans, a 
spring, a fountain. It was employed first in early 
Christian times, when a well or spring was the 
common place for baptizing. Sometimes in primi- 
tive ages the baptistery was a bathing vessel, and 
the pool was called lavaa'um, a bath. Baptism was 
administered in rivers and in the sea; but the 
bathing vessel and the spring were more accessible. 



FONTAINE 



FORD 



And, as the spring could be found almost every- 
where, in process of time its name, /bws, became 
the name of anything in which a person received 
baptism, whether it was the sea, a river, a tub, a 
spring, or a church basin. It is somewhat of a 
misnomer to call the small sprinkling vessel of a 
Pedobaptist church a font, a spring; but we ad- 
mire the name ; there is strong testimony in it 
about the primitive mode of baptism. 

Fontaine, Rev. P. H., was bom in King Wil- 
liam Co., Va., Sept. 7, 1841 ; was educated at Rum- 
ford Military Academy and the University of Vir- 
ginia ; was baptized in 1854 ; ordained in 1863 ; 
moved to North Carolina in 1865, and he is now- 
pastor of Reidsville and Leaksville churches. A 
descendant, on the part of father and mother, of 
Patrick Henry, after whom he is named. 

Fontaine, Rev. Wm. Spotswood, was born in 

Hanover Co., Va., in 1811; studied medicine for 
two years, and afterwards obtained license to prac- 
tise law ; married his cousin. Miss L. L. Aylett, a 
granddaughter of Patrick Henry, he himself being 
a descendant of the Virginia orator; joined the 
Methodist Church at the age of thirteen ; was bap- 
tized in 1842 by Rev. J. P. Turpin ; was ordained 
in 1844, R. H. Bagby, J. P. Turpin, and a Mr. 
Bland forming the Presbytery. He was a country 
gentleman of very handsome estate, his residence 
costing $15,000, and his barn $5000. His library 
consisted of 5000 volumes. Ruined by the war 
financially, he came to Greensborough, N. C, in 
1863, but returned to Virginia in 1866 to become 
president of Atlantic Female College; came back 
to North Carolina in 1867; went to Texas in 1872; 
returned after four years, and now resides in Reids- 
ville, engaged in preaching and planting. 

Foote, Rev. Elias J., was born June 22, 1824, 
in Olean, N. Y. ; graduated from Union College in 
1849 ; studied law ; was seven years in California 
and Central America; graduated from Rochester 
Theological Seminary in 1860 ; was ordained in St. 
Louis in 1861. He afterwards labored in prisons 
and hospitals. After short settlements in Syracuse 
and Penfield, N. Y., he came to the church at Red 
Bank, N. J., in 1871. Upon the death of Rev. D. 
B. Stout, in 1875, he was called to the pastorate of 
the old church in Middletown, and now feeds that 
flock. 

Forbes, Rev. W. A., pastor of the Eighth Street 
Baptist church, Little Rock, Ark., was born in 
Mississippi in 1844, but, deprived of his parents at 
an early age, he was reared by a maternal uncle at 
Lewisville, Ark. He served in the Confederate 
army as a private, after which he was employed in 
Tennessee, where he was converted and began to 
preach. He then entered Bethel College, Ky., 
from which he graduated in 1871, after which he 
returned to Arkansas and became pastor at Wash- 



ington, and subsequently at Arkadelphia, where he 
continued, with the exception of one year in Ken- 
tucky, until 1878, when he was called to his pres- 
ent pastorate. For some years he has been con- 
nected with the State Mission Board, and is an 
active promoter of missions and ministerial educa- 
tion. 

Force, William Q., was bom in Washington, 
D. C, March 7, 1820. He was graduated at the 
Columbian College in 1839, and received the degree 
of Master of Arts in 1842. On the 23d of June, 
1839, he was baptized by the Rev. 0. B. Brown 
into the fellowship of the First Baptist church, 
Washington, of which he is still a most useful 
member. For many years he was a teacher in and 
also superintendent of the Sunday-school, as well 
as treasurer and deacon of the church. Mr. Force 
has always been a warm friend of the Columbian 
College, served as a trustee from 1851 to 1862, and 
was for several years its secretary and treasurer. 
He is a great lover of books, and one of the best- 
read laymen in the denomination. He edited and 
published The Army and Navy Chronicle and Sci- 
entific Repository from January, 1843, to July, 
1845 ; compiled and published " The Builders' 
Guide," and also two editions of " The Picture of 
Washington." From 1^45 to 1857 he aided his 
father, the Hon. Peter Force, so long and well 
known in Washington, in the preparation of that 
valuable work, " The American Archives." From 
1857 to 1868 he had charge of meteorology at the 
Smithsonian Institution, which position, however, 
he was obliged to resign in 1868 in consequence of 
failing health. Mr. Force has a valuable library 
in which he spends much of his time, is a laborious 
student, and a frequent contributor to the news- 
papers, principally on religious subjects. His 
knowledge is varied, and at the same time accurate, 
and his articles are prepared with much care and 
always read with profit. Few men are as familiar 
with church history. Biblical interpretation, and 
the literature of the baptism question as Wm. Q. 
Force. 

^-Ford, Rev. Samuel Howard, LL.D., son of 

Rev. Thomas II. Ford, was licensed in 1840, passed 
through the classes in the State University of Mis- 
souri, and was ordained in 1843, at Bonne Femme 
church, in Boone Co., Mo. He became pastor at 
Jefierson City, Mo., and in two years after of the 
North church in St. Louis for two years ; also at 
Cape Girardeau, Mo., and the East Baptist church, 
Louisville, Ky. In 1853 he was associated with 
Dr. John L. Waller in the editorship of the West- 
ern Recorder and Christian Repository. Of the 
latter he is still the editor. His talented wife has 
written " Grace Truman," " The Dreamer's Blind 
Daughter." and other works of great value. At 
the breaking out of the war, Dr. Ford went to 



FORD 



FORGEUS 



Memphis, where he preached for some time. For 
two years he was in Mobile as pastor of the St. 
Francis Street church. At the close of the war he 
.accepted the pastorate of the Central Baptist 




X 



REV. SAJIUEL HOWARD FORD, LL.D. 

church of Memphis, where he preached for seven 
years, till ill health caused him to resign. While 
in this church he was instrumental in building a 
capacious and splendid house of worship, upon 
which .$75,000 were expended during his pastorate, 
and in increasing the membership from 75 to 4.50. 
Dr. Ford has received the honorary degree of LL.D. 
He preaches without manuscript, is earnest and 
eloquent, and many hundreds have been converted 
under his ministry. He is a firm Baptist, and he 
has had discussions with Alexander Campbell, 
Bishop Spaulding, of the Catholic Church, and Dr. 
N. L. Rice. Dr. Ford is a Hebrew and Syriac 
scholar; he is well read in general literature, and 
is specially familiar with the Romish controversy. 
In his theology he is a Calvinist. In the past 
twenty-seven years he has written upon almost 
every subject bearing on the religious issues of the 
times. He is now sixty years of age, and is as 
active, energetic, and laborious as ever. Baptists 
in all parts of our country and the British prov- 
inces, and in the British islands, wish length of 
years td the learned editor of the Repository, and 
to his cultured .and talented wife. 
- Ford, Rev. Thomas Howard, was born about 
1790, near Bristol, England. His ancestors were 
members of the famous Broadmead Baptist church 
of that city. He began to preach when eighteen 



years of age. He studied the ancient languages 
under Dr. Burnett, and was versed in Puritan the- 
ology. He often heard the celebrated Episcopalian 
Toplady preach, the author of " Rock of Ages, 
shelter me." His name appears in Illinois and 
Missouri minutes in the early history of these 
States. He supplied the Second church of St. 
Louis for a time, and was the guest of Samuel C. 
Davis. In 1844 he was pastor of the Baptist church 
in Columbia, Mo. The learning, piety, and pulpit 
power of Mr. Ford drew large congregations, Wil- 
liam Jewell and Dr. Thomas attending his ministry. 
The church in Callaway County gave him a farm, 
and soon after he died in their midst in peace. 
Says Noah Flood, " I knew him well, and 1 have 
never been acquainted with a better man." His 
last words were, "Happy, happy, bless the Lord." 
He was about sixty years of age when he died. 
He left two sons and one daughter. One son is 
Rev. S. II. Ford, LL.D., of St. Louis. The brethren 
at Richland erected a monument at his grave, where 
he rests with his co-laborer, Noah Flood. 

Ford's Christian Repository.— This popular 
magazine was established in 1852 by John L. Wal- 
ler, LL.D., in Louisville, Ky. About that time 
Dr. S. H. Ford became assistant, and soon sole 
proprietor, and it speedily increased from 500 sub- 
scribers to 6000. In 1855, Dr. Ford married Miss 
Sallie Rochester, a lady of education and talent. 
She at once took a position as co-editor, and wrote 
the attractive and useful story of " Grace Truman." 
The war stopped the Repository for a time. It was 
re-issued in St. Louis in 1871, Avhere it is now suc- 
cessfully established, and wields a powerful and an 
extensive influence. Its exegetical articles, popu- 
lar sermons, and family department make it in- 
valuable. It is distinguished for its biographical 
sketches. It is the chief source of such history in 
our denomination, and its absence Avould be a 
serious loss. Thousands of ministers commend it, 
and are aided by it. 

Forgeus, Rev. S. F., was born in South Cov- 
entry, Chester Co., Pa., Aug. 19, 1844. He was 
baptized into the fellowship of the Yincent church, 
Jan. 15, 1860; was licensed to preach Jan. 21. 
1871 : served in the war in three different regi- 
ments ; prepared for college at Conoquenessing 
Academy, Zelienople, Butler Co., Pa., and the Uni- 
versity Academy, Lewisburg : spent one year and 
one term at Cornell University. N. Y., and grad- 
uated at Lewisburg, Pa., June 26, 1872, and from 
Crozer Theological Seminary, May 12. 1875: was 
ordained in August, 1875, as pastor of the Tunk- 
hannock church ; became pastor of Clark's, Green, 
and Mount Bethel churches in October, 1878 ; re- 
signed the latter charges in June, 1879 ; accepted 
the call of the Roaring Brook church, in Lacka- 
wanna County, in April, 1880. 



FOB TINES 



406 



FOSTER 



Mr. Forgeus was clerk of the Wyoming Associa- 
tion for two years ; and he has been secretary of 
the Northeastern Pennsylvania Baptist Ministerial 
Conference for five years. He is a popular minister, 
of large devotedness to the Master, whose past use- 
fulness gives great promise for the future. 

Fortiner, E. K., was born in Haddonfield, 
N. J., Aug. 12, 1820; was baptized by Rev. N. B. 
Tindall, Jan. 1, 1839, and received into the fellow- 
ship of the First church of Camden. At the age 
of twenty he was elected to the superintendency of 
the Sunday-school, a position he has held with oc- 
casional interruption for nearly forty years, either 
in connection with the First or Tabernacle church, 
and he is now the superintendent of tlie school of 
the Fourth Street church, formed by the union of 
the First and Tabernacle churches. About 1847 
he was elected to the office of deacon of the First 
church of Camden. lie was a constituent member 
and deacon of the Tabernacle church, and he is 
now a deacon of the Fourth Street church. Con- 
sistent in conduct, untiring in work, generous in 
giving, he has led a life of great usefulness. 

Foskett, Rev. Bernard, was born March 10, 
1684-85, near AVoburn, England, of a fiimily of 
wealth and high repute. He received a liberal 
education, and was trained for the medical profes- 
sion. He became a member of the church in Lit- 
tle Wild Street, London, when he was seventeen, 
and formed an intimate- friendship in his youth 
with John Beddoine, who was then a member of 
Benjamin Reach's church. After Mr. Beddome 
was called to the ministry and settled at Henley 
Arden, in Warwickshire, Mr. Foskett abandoned 
his profession in London and joined his friend, 
assisting him in his ministry at Henley, Benge- 
worth, Alcester, and other places in the neighbor- 
hood. He had been regularly called to the minis- 
try whilst practising as a physician, but did not de- 
vote himself entirely to ministerial work until 1711. 
In 1719 he received an invitation to become assist- 
ant minister of the Broadmead church, Bristol, and 
tutor of the academy for young ministers. He en- 
tered upon his duties there in 1720, and for thirty- 
eight years labored as pastor and tutor with distin- 
guished ability and success until his death, Sept. 
17, 1758, in the seventy-third year of his age. 
Under his wise conduct the college at Bristol 
gained the esteem of the churches, and became 
" the school of the prophets" to which they looked 
with confidence for a supply of competent pastors 
and teachers. Some sixty-four students were trained 
under Mr. Foskett and his colleagues. Among 
these were several of the most eminent Baptist 
ministers of the eighteenth century, including 
such men as John Ryland, Dr. John Ash, Dr. 
Llewellyn (esteemed the first scholar among the 
Protestant Dissenters of his day), Benjamin Bed- 



dome, Robert Day, Benjamin Francis, besides 
Hugh Evans and Dr. Caleb Evans, his successors 
in the presidency. Mr. Foskett's enlightened 
piety, generous disposition, and high character 
made the denomination influential in Bristol and 
the neighborhood. 

Foster, Senjamin, D.D., was born in Dan vers, 
Mass., June 12, 1750. He graduated from Yale 
College in 1774. He was appointed to defend the 
Pedobaptist view of the baptismal controversy in 
one of the college exercises. The result of his 
preparation astonished himself and others ; he be- 
came a decided Baptist. He united with Dr. Still- 
man's church in Boston shortly after his gradua- 
tion. In October, 1776, he was ordained pastor of 
the Baptist church of Leicester, Mass. On the 5th 
of June, 1785, he became pastor of the First Bap- 
tist church of Newport, R. I. In the autumn of 
1788 he took charge of the First Baptist church of 
New York, which position he retained as long as 
he lived. In 1792 he received the degree of Doctor 
of Divinity from Rhode Island College (Brown 
University). When the yellow fever visited New 
York,he fearlessly kept his ground, and visited its 
victims until the disease sent him to the grave. 
He died Aug. 26, 1798. 

Dr. Foster was distinguished for his knowledge 
of the Greek, Hebrew, and Chaldean languages. 
He was an able preacher, and the Lord blessed his 
ministry to many. 

Foster, Rev. John, was born in the parish of 
Halifax, Yorkshire, England, Sept. 17, 1770. His 
parents were persons of deep piety and of strong 
mental powers. His father had a considerable li- 
brary of Puritan theology, with which he was per- 
fectly familiar. He occasionally conducted public 
worship in his church in the absence of the pastor. 
In boyhood he was retiring, and shunned society. 
He was exquisitely fond of nature ; a bird, a tree, 
a flower, beautiful scenery, tilled him frequently 
with delight. He had, even in boyhood, his favor- 
ite authors, whose works fed his mind and charmed 
his heart. He early cherished a special admiration 
for the majestic, the rugged, the sublime. At four- 
teen he first felt the need of a new heart, and at 
seventeen he had a good hope through the great 
Saviour, and was immersed by Dr. Fawcett, and 
became a member of the Wainsgate Baptist church. 

After his union with the church he soon began 
to exercise his gifts, and he felt convinced that God 
had called him to preach the gospel. To fit him- 
self for this glorious work he attended the school 
of his pastor. Dr. Fawcett, at Brearly Hall, where 
he devoted his attention to classics and to such 
studies as would qualify him for his future profes- 
sion. He made a free use of the valuable library 
at Brearly Ilall, and sometimes spent whole nights 
in reading and meditation. From Dr. Fawcett's 



FOSTER 



407 



FOSTER 



school he became a student in the Bristol Baptist 
College. From it he went forth to labor in the 
ministry in Newcastle, and subsequently in Dub- 
lin, in Chichester, in Dowend near Bristol, and in 




Frome. His success in the ministry was not re- 
markable, and a serious disease in the throat, which 
was greatly aggravated by much speaking, publicly 
or privately, compelled him partially to relinquish 
a calling which he loved. 

While he was a pastor he published his first 
Essays. There were four of them, — on "A Man's 
writing Memoirs of Himself," on "Decision of 
Character," on " The Application of the Epithet 
Romantic," and on " Some of the Causes by which 
Evangelical Religion has been rendered Less Ac- 
ceptable to Persons of Cultivated Taste." In a 
little over a year the work passed through three 
editions, and the eighteenth English edition was pub- 
lished in 1845, and how many others since then we 
cannot tell. Immediately almost after the issue 
of these Essays the obscure Baptist pastor of 
Frome found himself ranked among the first liter- 
ary men of his country, and he has retained that 
position ever since. No man of culture and means 
reckons his library complete without the works of 
John Foster. Sir James Mackintosh, after reading 
Foster's Essays, declared that they showed their 
author to be " one of the mnst profound and elo- 
quent writers that England has produced." In 
this opinion the reading world have long since 
united. In 1819 his Essay on "The Evils of 
Popular Ignorance" appeared, and it added to the 



wide-spread popularity of its then celebrated 
author. 

Besides other essays, Mr. Foster wrote one hun- 
dred and eighty-five articles for the Eclectic Re- 
view. On Sundays, as he had opportunity, when 
able, he preached in destitute churches. He also 
delivered a series of discourses in Broadmead 
church, Bristol, which were largely attended, and 
among the hearers were members of all denomina- 
tions. These sermons are in print. 

AVhen Mr. Foster reached the close of life his 
faith in the blessed Redeemer was unwavering, 
and anxious to see him face to face, he fell asleep 
in Je-sus Oct. 15, 1843. 

Mr. Foster's piety was all-pervading and abid- 
ing. His mind, like the great cataracts and lofty 
mountains which he loved to think of in boyhood, 
possessed a massive grandeur, an originality, and 
a stately majesty only met at long intervals in the 
literary world. At his death all ranks of men 
united in paying honor to his memory and in de- 
ploring the loss of an intellectual giant. 

Foster, Prof. John B., son of John M., was 
born in Boston, Jan. 8, 1822. In the seventh year 
of his age his father removed to Waterville, Me., 
where, until he was fourteen, he attended the pub- 
lic schools and the academy in that place. For 
two years — 1836-38 — he was occupied in mechan- 
ical pursuits, and then commenced preparation to 
enter college. He graduated at Waterville College, 
now Colby University, in the class of 1843. In the 
same year he entered the Newton Theological In- 
stitution with the intention of going through the 
three years' course of study. In the following 
spring, however, he left the institution, and en- 
gaged in teaching for some time. Subsequently 
he accepted a call to the pastorate of the Baptist 
church in Gardiner. Me., commencing his ministry 
in August, 1846. Ill health obliged him to resign 
after a brief period. Upon recovering he resumed 
his studies at Newton in the fall of 1847, and con- 
tinued them until he was graduated in the class of 
1850. A short time before completing his theolog- 
ical course he was called to Portland to take the 
editorial charge of Zion's Advocate, the organ of 
the Baptist denomination for the State of Maine. 
This position he held for eight years. In August, 
1858, he was elected to the chair of the Greek and 
Latin Languages in AVaterville College, to take 
the place of Dr. Champlin, who had been elected 
to the presidency of the college. In 1872 the de- 
partment was divided, and since that time Prof. 
Foster has occupied the chair of Greek Language 
and Literature. 

Foster, Rev. Jos. A., now pastor of the First 
African church in Montgomery, Ala., though with- 
out educational advantages while a slave, has since 
done much in cultivating his mind. He is regarded 



FOSTER 



FOSTER 



at this time as a fine preacher. He was one of 
the principal agents in originating the colored Con- 
vention, of which he was president for three years. 
Foster, Rev, Joseph C, was born in Milford, 
N. H., April 16, 1818. Leaving a printing-office in 
1835, he pursued studies preparatory to the min- 
istry at Hamilton, N. Y., and New Hampton, 
N. H. He was ordained as pastor of the Baptist 
church in Brattleborough, Vt., Jan. 19, 1843. He 
closed his pastorate there July 1, 1856, after nearly 
fourteen years of service. He was elected pastor of 
the First Baptist church in Beverly, Mass., Aug. 7, 
1856. This pastorate continued until Dec. 25, 
1872, embracing more than sixteen years. Imme- 
diately entering upon the pastorate of the First 
Baptist church in Randolph, Mass., he was in- 
stalled Jan. 23, 1873. During his ministry of 
thirty-six years he has baptized hundreds, and 
seen much development of the churches with which 
he has been connected, in various kinds of efficiency', 
including benevolent contributions and extensive 
improvement of church property. In two instances 
superior houses for worship have been built under 
his administration. He has been actively engaged 
in educational and denominational work, having 
served on school committees nearly thirty succes- 
sive years, and held responsible positions on vari- 
ous boards of benevolent societies, especially in 
secretarial and financial service. Some of his pub- 
lications have had extensive circulation, one of 
which, a tract on baptism and communion, has 
been in great demand. He has written much for 
the periodical press. 

Foster, Prof. Joshua H., D.D., was born in 
Tuscaloosa Co., Ala., March 17, 1819, and has re- 
sided in that county to this date. After such ad- 
vantages as could be had in the best country schools 
he graduated at the head of his class in the Univer- 
sity of Alabama in 1839 ; was ordained as pastor 
of the Tuscaloosa church in 1853, Rev. B. Manly, 
Sr., Rev. T. F. Curtis, Rev. J. C. Foster, and Rev. 
R. Jones being the Presbytery ; elected to a pro- 
fessorship in the university in 1841, when twenty- 
one yeai"s old ; after three years, associated with 
Rev. E. B. Teague in a male high school in Tusca- 
loosa ; re-elected to his former position in the 
faculty of the university in 1849, but soon with- 
drew in ill health ; was several times offered posi- 
tions in the faculty, which he declined, until in 
1873 he accepted the professorship of Moral Science, 
and in 1874 that of Natural Philosophy and As- 
tronomy, and filled both chairs for three years. He 
is still an honored member of the faculty of the 
State University ; was for some years president of 
the Alabama Central Female College in Tuscaloosa. 
During his long career as a college professor he has 
been the useful pastor of neighboring country and 
village churches. Dr. Foster is profoundly in- 



tellectual, eminently learned, distinguished as a 
teacher, a sincere Christian, and a wise counselor 
among his brethren. The title of D.D. was con- 
ferred on him by Howard College in 1879. 

Foster, Rev. L. S., Mississippi editor of the 
Western Recorder, of Louisville, Ky., was born in 
Alabama in 1847 ; educated in the University of 
Alabama ; was baptized by Elder T. G. Sellers, in 
1865, at Starksville, Miss., and began to preach in 
1867 ; spent two sessions at the Southern Baptist 
Theological Seminary, and then spent two years 
preaching in Mississippi and Tennessee, when he 
returned to the seminary, where he graduated in 
1875 ; has filled the pastorate at Okalona, Miss., 
and Camden, S. C, and was principal of Starksville 
Male Academy. As a writer he has contributed 
a number of valuable articles to the Recorder, 
and has also published an able sermon on " Truth 
Developed by Conflict." 

Foster, Michael, M.D., of Huntingdon, Eng- 
land, an eminent physician of that district, was 
a member of the ancient Baptist family of the 
Fosters of Preston, near Ilitchin, in whose house 
John Bunyan often found an asylum, and where 
the " Baptist bishop" preached sometimes at mid- 
night in tlie times of persecution. Dr. Foster was 
a man of rare qualities, welcome and influential for 
good in every circle. When he settled in Hunting- 
don, in 1834, the Non-Conformist cause was almost 
extinct, but, notwithstanding obloquy, he followed 
the dictates of his conscience, and soon won his 
■way to social eminence. For many years he took 
a leading part in promoting the evangelization of 
neglected districts, being welcomed as an accept- 
able preacher, and loved and trusted by all classes. 
His interest in the Baptist Missionary Society was 
intense. He served for many years on the Execu- 
tive Committee, and endeared himself to mission- 
aries and their families by his generous hospitali- 
ties and practical sympathy. In 1868 he was 
elected to the mayoralty of Huntingdon, being the 
first Non-Conformist since the days of Cromwell to 
occupy that position. As a deacon for forty-eight 
years his services were of the highest order, for he 
was one of the foremost in every onward movement 
of the denomination, and conspicuous for the saint- 
liness of his character in a very wide circle. He 
died Jan. 7, 1880, aged sixty-nine years. 

Foster, Rev. Nathaniel Greene, of Madison, 
was born July 25, 1809, in Greene Co., Ga. He 
had excellent instructors in youth, and in 1828 en- 
tered the State University at Athens, graduating in 
1830. He studied law under his uncle. Seaborn 
Johnson, in Madison, and soon entered upon its 
practice. Converted in 1848, he united with the 
Madison church, and on the 10th of August of the 
same year he was licensed. On the 27th of Jan- 
uary, 1849, he was ordained by the following 



FOUNTAIN 



409 



FOX 



brethren, who composed the Presbytery : B. M. 
Sanders, Jno. L. Dagg, V. R. Thornton, S. G. Hill- 
yer, N. M. Crawford, S. S. Bledsoe, and C. M. Ir- 
win. He soon accepted a call to the First church 
of Augusta, but resigned at the end of six months, 
convinced that his life as a lawyer had unfitted him 
for such a field of duty. He returned to the prac- 
tice of law, preaching to country churches and 
serving the Madison church at times. His health 
began to fail in 1858, and on the 19th of October, 
1869, he died. He served his district in Congress 
one session ; was for many years a trustee of Mer- 
cer University ; and was one of the founders of the 
Oeorgia Female College. He was a man of hand- 
some appearance, of fine ability, and of good judg- 
ment, and when difficulties arose was always a 
peace-maker among his brethren. 

Fountain, Rev. Ezra, was l)orn in Bedford, 
Westchester Co., N. Y. ; trained on a farm ; mingled 
in the scenes of the Revolution ; was converted in 
early manhood ; ordained in 1802; was pastor of 
the Bedford Baptist church ; was instrumental in 
organizing the Baptist church at Yorktown, and 
fostered it till his death ; was fully up to his times ; 
did very much pioneer work ; strong, energetic, 
and devoted; he died of injuries received from 
being thrown from a wagon. 

Fowler, Rev. T. J., a prominent young preacher 
in Attala Co., Miss., is a native of Georgia, where 
he was born in 1849. Having removed to Ala- 
bama, he became a Baptist shortly after. He began 
to preach in 1875, and was ordained the year fol- 
lowing. He became pastor of New Bethel, Fay- 
ette Co., Ala., where he continued until he removed 
to Mississippi in 1877. He settled in Pontotnc 
County, and became pastor of Mount Moriah and 
Hosea churches in that county. He remained with 
those churches one year, then removed to Attala 
County, where he took charge of Providence church, 
of which he is still pastor, with a prospect of great 
good. 

Fox, Rev, Jehiel, prominent among the pioneer 
Baptists of Northern New York, was born in 1760, 
at East Haddam, Conn. He was licensed to preach 
at Hoosick Falls, N. Y. In 1796 he removed to 
Chester, in the region of Lake George, which 
country was then a wilderness. Here a church 
was organized and he was ordained. At his own 
charges. Elder Fox traveled and preached through- 
out the surrounding counties, and under his min- 
istry were organized most of the churches of the 
Lake George xissociation. He was a man of piety, 
energy, and wisdom, and of fine natural gifts. He 
had a great thirst for knowledge, and gave his 
children the very best educational advantages the 
times afforded. He died in 1823. His tombstone 
bears the quaint inscription, dictated by himself, 
"Jehiel Fox passes this way from the labors of 
27 



the field and vineyard to his Master. Lo ! Grace 
gives the triumph." 

Fox, Rev. L. L., was born in Louisa Co., Va., 
in 1814. His grandfather, an ofiicer in the Revolu- 
tionary war, was a near relative of Charles J. Fox, of 
England. He was baptized at sixteen years of age, 
and then resolving to prepare himself for a life of 
usefulness, he worked hard through the day and 
studied books at night. A few years being spent 
in this way, he then had three years of regular 
training at school. He was ordained to the min- 
istry by a Presbytery consisting of Revs. James 
Fife, W. Y. Hyter, T. T. Swift, M.' Jones, and Dr. 
S. B.Webb, and for four years served churches as 
pastor in his native county ; then he was pastor 
for some years in Culpeper, Madison, and Louisa 
Counties. In 1846 he removed to Alal)ama, and 
located in Uniontown, where he remained as pastor 
until the close of the year 1865. 1866-67 he de- 
voted to the religious interests of the colored people 
under appointment of the Home Mission Society, 
and would have continued this longer had not his 
flocks preferred men of their own color. From that 
time to this he has served churches in Marengo 
County. He has been moderator of the Bethel As- 
sociation for fifteen years, and was previously 
moderator of the Cahaba. He has baptized about 
1000 persons in his life. Mr. Fox is a cultivated 
man, an excellent preacher, and the most influential 
Baptist in his part of the State. He has a delight- 
ful family. 

Fox, Rev. Norman, was sent by his father to 
Granville Academy, in those days one of the most 
prominent schools in Northern New York. In 
1813 he entered Union College. Admitted to the 
bar, he was made judge of Warren County, and 
he was for several years a prominent member of 
the State Legislature. He was also extensively 
engaged in commercial affairs. Having been 
converted about this period, he began to address 
religious meetings. At his -last election to the 
Legislature, the opposition members contested 
his eligibility to a seat on the ground that he was 
a clergyman, which class at that day were ineli- 
gible, but as he had been neither licensed nor 
ordained, the' movement was unsuccessful. Soon 
after this he gave up secular pursuits entirely, and 
devoted himself to the work of the ministry alone. 
He preached at Kingsbury and other towns in 
Washington County, and was for twelve years pas- 
tor of the church at Ballston Spa. He stood aloof 
from politics after entering the ministry, declining 
even to vote. Remai'kably able as a preacher, he 
was even more so as a private citizen. Few men 
have in their day commanded such profound re- 
spect from all classes of society. He died in 1863, 
aged seventy-one. 

Among his sons the following have become prom- 



FOX 



FRANCE 



inent as influential Baptists : Alanson Fox, of 
Steuben Co., N. Y., a prominent business man and 
a member of the boards of management of several 
of our denominational corporations ; also Prof. 
Norman Fox, of New York City. 

Fox, Prof. Norman, son of the Rev. Norman 
Fox, a distinguished Baptist minister of Nev? York, 




PROF. NORMAN FOX. 

who died in 1863, and grandson of Rev. Jehiel Fox, 
another honored minister of our denomination. 
Norman Fox received his literary education at 
Rochester University, and his theological training 
at its well-known seminary. He was ordained at 
Whitehall, N. Y. Afterwards he -was associate 
editor of the Central Baptist, St. Louis, Mo. Sub- 
sequently he was Professor of History in William 
Jewell College, Mo. At present he resides in 
New York, and he devotes himself chiefly to denomi- 
national literature, writing for many religious 
journals. 

Prof. Fox has read very extensively ; his attain- 
ments in this respect ai'e great. He has a mind of 
unusual clearness and power. He has the happy 
faculty of using the most fitting words to express 
important thoughts. He has a large heart. With 
the grace of God which he possesses he is a mighty 
power in the Baptist denomination, the force of 
which we trust will be long spared to us. Those 
who know him only by his writings, or by personal 
relations, admire and love him. 

France, American Baptist Mission to.— The 
Triennial Convention projected a mission to France 
in 1832. The board sent out Prof. Ira Chase, of 



Newton Theological Institute, to explore the field, 
and M. Rostan, a native Frenchman, to make 
trial of mission work in Paris. A year later M. 
Rostan died of cholera. Rev. Isaac M. Will- 
marth, who had previously spent the greater part 
of a year in Paris, was appointed to take charge of 
the mission, and to instruct young men for the 
ministi-y, and he with his wife arrived on the 
ground in June, 1834. The design of the mission 
was to revive and strengthen the few small Baptist 
churches long in existence, to raise up an educated 
French ministry, and to diffuse the pure gospel in 
the nation. From French Protestants coldness and 
opposition were experienced. A chapel was opened, 
and services in French and English were main- 
tained. M. Porchat was employed as a French 
preacher, but after a little he withdrew from the 
service. J. B. Cretin was the first student for the 
ministry. In 1835, Mr. Willmarth, in company 
with Prof. Barnas Sears, visited the churches 
in the Department du Nord, and they were wel- 
comed everywhere. Two other students were re- 
ceived. An evangelist, M. Dusart, was ordained 
at Paris. In November, Revs. Erastus Willard 
and D. N. Sheldon joined the mission, — the latter tO' 
labor in Paris, the former with Mr. AVillmarth to 
locate at Douay, in the North, to instruct students 
for the ministry. The missionaries ordained J. 
Thieffrey, at Lannoy. Religious services were 
sustained at Douay and Paris. There were four 
students, two pastors, and three colporteurs. A 
church was constituted at Genlis, and J. B. Cretin 
ordained pastor. 

Mr. Willmarth by ill health was forced to leave 
the mission in 1837. In 1838 a church was con- 
stituted at Douay, and strict regulations introduced 
into the other churches. In 1839, Mr. Sheldon re- 
moved to Douay to aid Mr. Willard, but six months- 
later resigned. In 1840 the whole number of Bap- 
tists was 180, and there were 33 baptisms during 
the year. Mr. Willard, now left entirely alone, 
had his hands and his mind fully occupied with the 
care of the churches and the instruction of his 
pupils. It was necessary for him to visit the dif- 
ferent stations, to correct abuses and teach the 
principles of church order; but he bent his main 
energies to the training of young men for the min- 
istry. " He was persuaded that the people could 
be more effectually reached by Frenchmen than by 
foreigners ; but he was equally sure that they must 
be converted and trained, must understand the 
Scriptures and themselves, and have some acquaint- 
ance with the various forms of error with which they 
would have to contend. To prepare a body of men, 
able in the Word of God, and strong against the 
subtle influences of ei-ror, he bent" all the powers 
of his strong and energetic mind. " And God gave 
him some young men of rare promise, of genuine- 



FRANCE 



411 



FRANCE 



eloquence and power, who have since done," and 
are still doing, " noble service for the Master."* 
He thoroughly indoctrinated the students and the 
churches in the strict principles of American Bap- 
tists, and thus laid a solid foundation for the growth 
of Baptist churches in France. He watched with 
anxious care the conduct of his assistants, in its rela- 
tion to an oppressive government, restraining the 
fiery zeal of those who would court a conflict with 
the civil power, and keeping all operations as far 
as possible within the limits of the law. To his 
faithful training and judicious care of the students 
and the churches, during more than twenty years, 
carrying forward under great difficulties the work 
begun by Mr. Willmarth, the French mission owes 
most of its subsequent success and present hopeful 
prospects. This was his great life-work, and will 
be an enduring monument to his memory. 

In 1844, on the death of his wife, jVIr. Willard 
visited America, still guiding the mission by cor- 
respondence through M. Foulboeuf, and after his 
lamented death through M. Thiefl'rey. On his re- 
turn, in 1846, persecutions were rife all over the 
field. Some of the brethren were fined, others 
were imprisoned. Lepoids, Foulon, and Besin ap- 
pealed to the highest court in the realm, and were 
defended by eminent French counsel, but before a 
decision was rendered Louis Philippe, the " citizen 
king," was driven from France by the revolution 
of 1848. The year was nevertheless prosperous. 
The number baptized was double that of any pre- 
ceding year. 

The revolution gave a respite to our persecuted 
brethren. The chapel at Genlis, which, as soon as 
built, was closed by government, and remained 
shut eleven years, was opened. Dr. Devan began 
work in Paris in 1848. A year later he repaired 
to Lyons, where he labored in the Southern De- 
partment of the mission till 1853, when he left the 
country. There were then 9 churches and 17:2 
members in the South. In 1849 the first Associa- 
tion was formed at Verberie. From this period to 
1856, Mr. Willard, again in charge of the whole 
work, resided in Paris, teaching the students, coun- 
seling and encouraging the pastors in the midst of 
persecutions and sufferings. Worn out with cares 
and anxieties, he then decided to return home, re- 
questing the board to send some competent man to 
fill his place. To escape persecution numbers of 
the French brethren emigrated to the United States. 
The field having become too much enlarged for 
efficient supervision, the Southern Department was 
relinquished temporarily, and the number of sta- 
tions reduced to 6, with a membership of 281. 
Around these stations meetings were held in many 



* C. E. Barrows, Commemorative Discourse on the Life and Char- 
acter of Mr. Willard. 



localities. The churches were animated with a 
spirit of piety and missionary zeal. Prayer-meet- 
ings were maintained in Paris almost every evening. 
There was an awakening among the soldiers in the 
garrison, and many Roman Catholics who had 
heard the gospel were visited on their death-beds 
and found rejoicing in Christ as their Saviour. 
" For this reason," says one of the pastors, " I be- 
lieve that eternity alone will reveal the good which 
has been done to thousands who, during the last 
thirty years, have heard the Word of life from your 
missionaries." 

Thus the work went on from year to year with 
alternations of successes and reverses. In 1866 the 
chapel at Chauny, which had been closed fourteen 
years, was re-opened with rejoicing, by decree of 
government. In 1870-71 all the operations of the 
mission were deranged by the Franco-Prussian 
war. Many young men from the churches were 
called into military service. The church in Paris 
lost nineteen members during the war, and a large 
number during the dreadful siege and the terrors 
of the Commune in 1871. The brethren carried 
forward their work as far as practicable, visited the 
soldiers, and circulated tracts among them, but war 
and its horrors absorbed the attention of the peo- 
ple, and little could be done except in spiritual 
efforts for the soldiers, the wounded, and the dying. 
After the war the churches slowly recovered from 
the evils it had caused, and as for a season there 
was entire religious freedom, the laborers were 
greatly encouraged, and with renewed zeal sowed 
the good seed among the people. 

At the present date there are eight stations and 
numerous out-stations. The churches are sound in 
faith and strict in discipline, with a membership 
of about 760. Though generally poor they give 
largely according to their means, and since the 
mission was commenced have raised for the work 
and for benevolence §10,000 or SI 2,000. The pas- 
tors and evangelists are faithful and devoted men. 
Cretin, Mr. Willmarth's first student, still, at the 
age of sixty-four, pursues his work with ardor. 
The veteran Thieffrey still holds his post at Lannoy. 
The church in Paris has a large and beautiful 
chapel, and intends to keep a yearly feast on the 
14th of September to celebrate its dedication, which 
occurred at that date in 1873. Our cause has 
gained greatly in public estimation, and is now 
treated with respect by other denominations and 
by public journals. Our pastors are invited to 
participate in ministerial conferences, and to explain 
their views of baptism and the communion. Our 
mission has given rise to discussions on these topics 
all over the country, and as a consequence, infant 
baptism is losing its hold on the Protestants of 
France. Several of the pastors have been baptized 
themselves and have baptized a large portion of 



FRANCIS 



412 



FRANKLIN 



their flocks, and some of them have decided to 
admit in future, members to their churches only by 
baptism. Thus, since the mission was commenced 
in 1834, great progress has been made in Scriptural 
views of the ordinances. About 1200 have been 
baptized. The board has' expended on the work 
probably over $400,000. The prospect for the 
future is encouraging. "With a theological school 
at Paris now in operation, we shall be able to raise 
up useful pastors to succeed those devoted men 
now in the field. This is indispensable. 

The time is propitious. Republicanism is in the 
ascendency ; the enlightened classes are tired of the 
domination of the priesthood, and turn to Protest- 
antism as the onlj' force able to cope with the wily 
Jesuitism of the papacy. It seems the favorable 
moment for vigorous effort that France, one of the 
most influential of nations, may be wrested from 
the dominion of Rome; and being herself evangel- 
ized may become a centre of light for the world. 

Francis, Rev. Benjamin, took charge of the 
church at Shortwood, England, in October, 1758. 
Under his unwearied labors the community became 
so numerous that it was necessary to enlarge the 
meeting-house before he was two years the shep- 
herd of Shortwood. He preached regularly in four 
surrounding villages, in some of which chapels 
were built through his instrumentality ; and he 
soon was summoned to minister in distant places, 
for his popularity increased with his years, so that 
before his death he was known throughout all the 
British Baptist churches as one of their ablest 
ministers. " His usefulness was so great, his tal- 
ents so admired, and his character so revered that 
he shed a lustre over the denomination to which he 
belonged." He died Dec. 14, 1799. Mr. Francis 
was the author of some beautiful hymns. The 
following stanza is his, and the hymn to which it 
belongs : 

" My gracious Redeemer I love ! 

His praises aloud I'll proclaim, 
And join with the armies above 

To shout his adorable name ; 
To gaze on his glories divine 

Shall be my eternal employ, 
And feel them incessantly shine 

My boundless inefl'able joy." 

Franklin College, Indiana.— At the close of 
the first meeting of what is now called the Indiana 
Baptist State Convention, held in October, 1833, at 
Brandywine, Shelby Co., the friends of education 
met in conference and took steps looking to the es- 
tablishment of an institution of learning. June 5, 
1834, a meeting was held at Indianapolis for the 
purpose of forming an education society. Rev. 
Wm. Reese was elected chairman, and Rev. Ezra 
Fisher clerk. The following names were enrolled : 
William Reese, Ezra Fisher, Henry Bradley, John 
Hobart, Samuel Harding, Lewis Morgan, J. V. 



A. Woods, Eliphalet Williams, John L. Rich- 
mond, Nathaniel Richmond, John McCoy, John 
Mason, Moses Jeffries, and Reuben Coffey. Com- 
mittees were appointed to call the attention of the 
brethren of the State, by means of correspondence 
and newspaper articles, and Jan. 14, 1835, was ap- 
pointed as the time at which the formal organiza- 
tion of the Education Society should be effected. 
The immediate control of the institution was to be 
in the hands of a board of trustees elected by the 
society, it was to be on the " manual labor" plan, 
and it was by unanimous choice located at Frank- 
lin. 

It was for years a " Manual Labor Institute" in 
fact as well as in name. In the language of Rev. 
T. C. Townsend, once agent for the institution, " I 
have known young men tie up their clothes in a 
handkerchief, walk through the mud one hundred 
miles, and when they reached the college they 
would borrow of President Chandler one dollar and 
twenty-five cents to buy them an axe, and work 
their way to an education. These boys are now 
the men that tell upon the interests of society 
throughout the West." 

The first building was a frame, 26 by 38 feet, one 
story. It was used for chapel, recitations, and on 
Sundays for church service. It was built in 1836. 
In 1844 a three-story brick, 42 by 84 feet, was put 
up. In 1854 another brick, the copy of the first, 
was erected. The campus contains about twelve 
acres. 

The first principal was Rev. A. T. Tilton, a man 
of large heart, great energy, and good taste. He 
was succeeded by Hon. W. J. Robinson, who con- 
ducted the school somewhat more than one year. 
In 1844, Rev. G. C. Chandler, pastor of the First 
church, Indianapolis, was called to the presidency, 
and the name was changed to Franklin College. 
He was a man of vast energy and great faith, and 
served the college zealously for eight years. The 
most that he and the professors could do barely 
enabled the Vjoard to meet current expenses. The 
work of instruction, however, went on, and the 
State was reaping the beneficial results. 

The only respectable effort for endowment was 
made during the last years of Dr. Chandler's presi- 
dency. The plan was to raise $60,000 ; $10,000 was 
to be expended in canceling debts and meeting in- 
cidental expenses, the remainder was to be invested 
as a permanent fund. And the plan partially suc- 
ceeded. The amount was subscribed. Unfor- 
tunately for the cause of education in the State, 
scholarships were issued as a reward to those who 
had made the subscriptions ; hence while income 
as interest was assured, income as tuition fees was 
defeated. Almost every student in those days used 
a scholarship. 

In the mean time Dr. Chandler resigned, and 



FRANKLIN 



FREEMAN 



Dr. Silas Bailey, late president of Granville College, 
was called to the presidency. He gathered about 
him an able faculty, and all would have gone well 
if the $60,000 had been collected, but it was not. 
The president labored with fidelity and marked 
ability till failing health compelled him to resign, 
and the war took the young men away from the 
pursuit of learning to the dangers and duties of 
the battle-field. 

There was a suspension 
from 1864 to 1869. In 1869 _ __.^^^__- 

the board again opened the 
institution. Rev. W. T. 
Stott was appointed acting 
president. In 1870, Rev. H 
L. Way land, D.D., was 
elected president. The en- 
dowment was small, the ex- 
penses rapidly outran the 
income, and in 1872 theie 
was another suspension ; the 
property of the college was 
taken for the debts and the 
organization dissolved. Im 
mediately the citizens of 
Johnson County and othei 
friends of the college pro- 
posed another kind of organ- 
ization, — a joint-stock asso- 
ciation,— over $50,000 was 

raised, and in the fall of 1872 instruction was 
begun, with Rev. W. T. Stott, D.D., as president. 

The institution being now on a better financial 
foundation has bright hopes. Up to this time nearly 
$100,000 has been raised in cash, cash subscriptions, 
and real estate. The following is the treasurer's 
statement: Buildings, grounds, and equipments, 
$40,000 ; production endowment, $60,531 ; real es- 
tate, $10,652 ; beneficiary fund, $1250 ; Centennial 
Hall fund, $471 ; total, $112,904. 

Of those giving the larger amounts, James For- 
sythe, Grafton Johnson, and William Lowe gave 
each $5000, in cash ; Elbert Slink and J. L. Allen 
gave $5000 each, part cash and part in real estate. 
There are seven instructors, including the two 
teachers in painting and music* Another tutor 
will probably be added this year. Both sexes have 
had the advantages of the college since 1869. The 
standard of scholarship has been decidedly ad- 
vanced. Rev. W. N. Wyeth is at present the finan- 
cial agent. 

The best men of the State have during all these 
years worked and prayed for the college ; many of 
them died without seeing it in a prosperous state, 
but their prayers are being answered. Over 2000 
young men and young women have been under the 
instruction of the college, and are now out in this 
and other States. An era of solid prosperity is at 



last dawning for Franklin College. Jubilee year 
will be celebrated in 1884. 

Frear, George, D.D., son of the Rev. William 
Frear, was born in Eaton, Wyoming Co., Pa., June 
21, 1831, and united with the Eaton church in Feb- 
ruary, 1849. He graduated from the University at 
Lewisburg in 1856, and from the theological depart- 
ment, before its removal to Upland, Delaware Co., 
Pa., in 1858. He was ordained in Reading in 1858. 




FRANKLIN COLLEGE, INDIANA. 

His first pastorate in the city of Reading was 
eminently profitable to both church and congrega- 
tion. After several years of labor he resigned, and 
accepted the call of the Norristown Baptist church, 
and after two years of service, during which a hand- 
some church was built, he was summoned to take 
the very important position he now holds, as pastor 
of the Lewisburg church, under the shadow of the 
university where he received his training for the 
work of the ministry. 

Freeman, The, the oldest weekly newspaper of 
the English Baptists, was started in January, 1855, 
and has therefore had a continuous existence of 
more than a quarter of a century. Its beginning 
was due to the zeal of a few earnest Yorkshire and 
Lancashire Baptists, among whom Benjamin Evans, 
D.D., Revs. Francis Clowes, W. F. Burchell, Mr. 
John Heaton, and Mr. William Heaton were prom- 
inent in the inception and management of the 
paper, which was first published at Leeds, York- 
shire. Soon afterwards, having commended itself 
to the confidence and support of the denomination 
and won the approval of the Associations, the pro- 
prietors transferred the publishing office to London, 
the editorial department being then in charge of 
the Rev. F. Clowes, formerly classical tutor at Hor- 
ton College. From the start the conductors of the 
paper declared it to be their object to foster an 



FREEMAN 



FREEMAN 



earnest denominational spirit among the Baptists, 
but proclaimed neutrality on the doctrinal and ec- 
clesiastical differences by which they were divided 
into Particular and General, and Strict and Open- 
Communion Baptists. To both aims the paper has 
been faithful, and although the original proprietors 
are now merged into the Freeman Newspaper Com- 
pany, it is still favored with the support of Baptists 
generally. Its price has been gradually lowered 
from fourpence halfpenny to the present popular 
price of one penny (two cents a week). It is un- 
derstood to be under the direction of an editorial 
junto, of which Joseph Angus, D.D., president of 
Regent's Park College, is chief. For several years 
the late Rev. Edward Leach, who died April, 1880, 
was the laborious and faithful sub-editor. The 
Freeman may be obtained from the publishers, 
Yates «& Alexander, 21 Castle Street, Holborn, 
London. 

Freeman, Rev. Allen B., was born in New 

York in 1808, and converted at the age of about 
twelve years. He seems to have been licensed to 
preach by a church in Ohio, but returning to New 
York in 1827 or 1828, entered at the Hamilton 
Literary and Theological Institution, graduating in 
1833, being ordained at Hamilton, with two or three 
others, immediately after his graduation. Having 
been offered an appointment as missionary of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society, to be 
stationed at Chicago, he accepted, and proceeded 
immediately to his field of labor. His brief but 
active and useful ministry was not confined to Chi- 
cago. Previous to the organization of what is now 
the First Baptist church of that city, he had already 
formed one at the place now called Iladley. The 
first baptism in Lake Michigan was by him, occur- 
ring in April, 1834. A house was soon built at 
Chicago under his leadership, being adapted both 
for school and church purposes. At the end of 
November, 1834, Mr. Freeman went to Bristol to 
organize a church there, baptizing on the occasion, 
in Fox River, a young man afterwards a useful 
Illinois missionary and pastor. Rev. D. Matlock. 
His horse failing upon the return, the exposure of 
a long journey on foot brought on a fever, of which 
he died Dee. 15, 1834, greatly lamented. His name 
and memory are most affectionately cherished in 
Chicago and Northern Illinois. 

Freeman, Joseph, D.D., was born in Cole- 
rain, Mass., Sept. 1, 1802. He pursued his edu- 
cation in Bethany College, and studied one year at 
Newton. He was ordained at Ludlow, Vt., June 
11, 1826, where he was pastor for some time, as 
also in Concord, N. II. He was pastor of the 
church in Cavendish, Vt., four years ; at Saxton's 
River four years ; at Newport, N. II., three years. 
His other settlements were at New Hampton, N. II., 
again for a short time at Cavendish, Vt., Ball- 



ston Spa, N. Y., and Vergennes, Vt. His labors 
wei-e owned of God to the joy of many souls. 

Freeman, Rev. J. T., a prominent Baptist min- 
ister in Mississippi, and president of the Mississippi 
Baptist Convention, was born in Virginia in 1822 ; 
educated in Randolph Macon College, Va., and in 
Tennessee State Agricultural College ; settled in 
Mississippi in 1846. and commenced the publica- 
tion of a political paper ; not long afterwards was 
converted and began to preach ; in 1854-55 was 
pastor at Clinton, Miss. In 1857 was elected pres- 
ident of the State Convention, and appointed editor 
of the Mississippi Bap)tist, published at Jackson, 
until the war, during which he was pastor at Lex- 
ington and Durant; in 1865 removed to Corinth, 
where he was pastor nine years ; is at present pastor 
at Starkville and West Point. 

Freeman, Rev. Ralph, was born a slave in 
Anson Co., N. C. Showing fine gifts as a preacher, 
his white brethren bought his freedom, ordained 
him, and sent him forth to preach the gospel, which 
he did with great power in several counties. He 
was reckoned so good a preacher that he was often 
called on to attend the funeral services of white 
persons, and on several occasions was appointed to 
preach on the Sabbath at Associations. Rev. James 
Magee was his warm friend, and traveled and 
preached much with him. Such was their attach- 
ment for each other that they agreed that the sur- 
vivor should preach the funeral sermon of the one 
who died first. Mr. Magee moved to the AVest and 
died first. On his death-bed he bequeathed to his 
colored brother his riding-horse, overcoat, Bible 
and fifty dollars, and requested his family to send 
for ]Mr. Freeman to attend his funeral. He went 
io Tennessee and buried Mr. Magee, and the large 
congregation which he addressed made him a pres- 
ent of fifty dollars. He lived to a good old age and 
died respected by all. 

Freeman, Judge Thomas J., was born in Gib- 
son Co., Tenn., four miles south of Trenton, the 
county-seat, July 19, 1827. In youth he had a 
ready memory, a great love for books, and he read 
extensively. At fifteen years of age he made a pro- 
fession of religion, and joined Spring Hill Baptist 
church. He then commenced reading all kinds of 
theological works that came in his way, old books 
such as his father's library afforded, or could be 
had from neighbors. He read " Wesley on Origi- 
nal Sin," doctrinal tracts, "Fuller's Reply to 
Priestley," and other works of their character. 
When a young man, he was once reading in 
"Blair's Rhetoric" the chapter on " Eloquence of 
the Pulpit, Bar, and Forum," and his destiny was 
fixed. He decided to be a lawyer. This was in 
his seventeenth year. In March, before he was 
eighteen, he commenced the study of law. He 
followed this pursuit at home in the country, some- 



FREE MISSIOX SOCIETY 



FEES MISSIOX SOCIETY 



times by the light of a splint-wood fire. While 
doing so he occasionally taught school. In Jan- 
uary, 1848, he went to Trenton, and studied in the 
office of Mr. Raines. At twenty-one years of age 
he was licensed by Judge Calvin Jones, chancellor 
of his district, and Hon. W. B. Turly, one of the 
judges of the Supreme Court, and he opened an 
ofiice at Trenton, with faint prospects of success. 
He studied closely, and read, he supposes, nearly 
every standard author in the language. His special 
taste, however, has been for metaphysical study and 
philosophic theology, the science, so to speak, of 
religion. He believes in the gospel of Jesus, and 
does not hesitate to avow it. At twenty-five years 
of age he ran against Mr. Etheridge for Congress, 
and greatly reduced his majority. 

As a lawyer Judge Freeman stood very high. 
Under the new constitution, in 1870, he was elected 
judge of the Supreme Court, and after his first 
term he was re-elected, and he still holds this po- 
sition with great honor and ability. In protracted 
meetings he is very efiicient, leading in prayers and 
exhortations, and giving instructions and spiritual 
advice to inquirers. He is now, and has been for 
a number of years, an active member of the Trenton 
church, of which Rev. Dr. M. Hillsinan is the pastor. 

Free Mission Society, American Baptist.— 
This organization was an outgrowth of the more 
radical anti-slavery feeling among Baptists in the 
United States and their missionaries in Burmah. 

In 1840, a convention of earnest men formed 
in New York a "Foreign Provisional Missionary 
Committee," which continued until May, 1843, 
when they took a wider range at a meeting held in 
Tremont Temple, Boston. They had sought to pro- 
cure two changes in the organization now known 
as tlie " American Baptist Missionary Union." One 
was a pronounced severance from all slavery influ- 
ence, and the other was a more strict recognition 
of church representation and control in the work 
of missions. They failed to gain either point. 
Seventeen of the number withdrew, and after earn- 
est prayer signed the following declaration, drawn 
up by "William Henry Brisbane, who had previously 
manumitted a large number of slaves inherited by 
him in South Carolina : 

" We, whose names are undersigned, solemnly 
pledge ourselves to God and one another to unite 
in the support of a Baptist Missionary Society, with 
a constitution yet to be adopted, that shall be dis- 
tinctly and thoroughly separated from all connec- 
tion with the known avails of slavery in the sup- 
port of any of its benevolent purposes." 

Upon this platform a constitution was adopted 
and officers chosen. About the same time the 
Southern Baptists seceded from the national Bap- 
tist foreign mission organization, and formed the 
" Southern Baptist Convention." 



The Free-Missionists went on with their work 
for over twenty-seven years. They established a 
mission in Hayti, and also in Japan. They sent 
nine missionaries to Hayti, and they had eleven in 
Burmah, some of whom had previously been in the 
service of the Missionary Union ; the}' sent three to 
Africa, two to Japan, eighteen to the home field 
west of the Alleghany Mountains, and about thirty 
to the South, mostly during and shortly after the 
war. 

In some departments of mental and moral prog- 
ress the managers of the American Baptist Free 
Mission Society were emphatically pioneers. They 
aided English Baptists in sustaining the Dawn 
Institute, in Canada, composed of fugitives from 
the South. They founded the college at McGraw- 
ville, Cortland Co., N. Y., which was opened to 
students irrespective of color or sex. After the 
war, they aided in establishing Leland University, 
at New Orleans, largely endowed bj' II. Chamberlin 
and wife, of Brooklyn, N. Y. 

The society was served by cultured and forcible 
writers, as Kazlitt Arvine, Cyrus Pitt Grosvenor. 
Warham Walker. John Duer, deceased, and Nathan 
Brown among the living. 

AYhile in active operation, the society raised and 
expended from 83000 to 822,000 per year. Its sup- 
porters were found among Baptists wherever the 
English language was read or spoken. 

There were some differences between the Mission- 
ary Union and the society as to life-memberships, 
and also as to the relations between those dispensing 
the funds in trust and those at work on mission 
fields. Some preferred one and some the other 
medium. In the course of time this friction became 
less, and their relations became measurabl}' ad- 
justed. 

The war rendered needless the existence of the 
society, and at a meeting in Laight Street chapel. 
New York, May, 1872, it was voted to suspend its 
operations, except so far as was necessary to exe- 
cute trusts and perpetuate legacies. The Hayti 
mission was transferred to the " Consolidated Bap- 
tist ^Missionary Convention," and the Japan mis- 
sion to the Union, which also cared for the Burman 
field. 

The last president of the society, Albert L. Post, 
visited Great Britain in its behalf in 1865-66, and 
is commissioned to prepare its memorial volume, 
to which, when issued, the reader is referred for a 
more complete record. Most of its members were 
among the foremost promoters of temperance; they 
opposed secret societies, and the use of such titles 
as '• Rev.," ' D.D.," etc., among Christian brethren ; 
and they advocated higher recognitions of woman's 
work and wages. But these were rather incidental 
and personal matters, not included in the original 
definition of the specific object of the society. 



FREE- WILL 



41( 



FREE- WILL 



Free- Will. — Man is perfectly free to sin. This 
statement is undeniable. When he becomes a drunk- 
ard it is to please himself; and when he is covetous 
to meanness, or dishonesty, when he is guilty of 
licentious acts, when he provokes God by his 
blasphemies, and when with wicked hands he slays 
his neighbor, he commits these crimes to gratify 
himself And the same doctrine is true with refer- 
ence to all his transgressions. No man on trial in 
court would venture to urge, as an excuse for his 
criminal acts, that he was compelled to commit 
them, unless indeed physical force was used; and 
if he offered such a plea every judge and jury in 
the world would i-egard this false pretense as an 
aggravation of his guilt. Satan can only tempt 
men to sin, he cannot coerce them to commit it. 
He possesses a great intellect, vast experience, un- 
wearied perseverance, and hosts of agents ; never- 
theless, if men resist the devil he will flee from 
them. Every man's consciousness tells him that 
he sins because of his own personal wishes, and 
not because of outside force. Haman planned to 
murder Mordecai, not for Satan's pleasure but his 
own ; Ananias and his wife kept back part of the 
price, not to gratify the prince of darkness, but to 
satisfy their own covetous hearts. The testimony 
of human consciousness proves that men sin because 
they themselves resolve upon it. And if we can- 
not believe our consciousness upon this question we 
cannot believe it about anything. We must reject 
its utterances when it tells us that we are living, or 
walking, or speaking, or working. To reject the 
evidence of our consciousness about our sins coming 
solely from ourselves, would compel us to discard be- 
lief in all our experiences. Either then our sins are 
our own, or we can believe nothing, and our con- 
sciousness is but aconstant instrument of deception. 
From the fall of our first parents in Eden down to 
the last record of guilt in the Scriptures, God invari- 
ably assumes the, responsibility of men for their 
sins ; and in a great many instances he asserts it ; 
and this responsibility rests upon their freedom to 
sin. 

Man has lost his liberty to serve God. Paul says, 
Eph. ii. 1, " You hath he quickened who were dead 
in trespasses and sins." The death of which he 
speaks is a moral death ; it represents men without 
Christ as destitute of all power to turn to Jesus. 
When a man is " dead drunk" he cannot reason, he 
cannot walk, he is stupid and helpless. So the un- 
saved are under the curse of sinful intoxication, and 
they are dead to all the claims of God, and to all 
the charms of a loving Saviour ; and left to them- 
selves, they would never seek or find salvation. The 
Saviour says, John vi. 44, " No man can come to 
me, except the Father who hath sent me draw him." 
There is a lack of moral ability in every human 
heart to come to Jesus till the drawings of grace lift I 



the man from his helplessness and slavery and 
place him at the feet of Jesus. The impenitent man 
might be compared to Samson when his hair was 
shorn ; the great Israelite was robbed of his eyes, 
thrust into prison, bound with fetters of brass, and 
he did grind in ther prison : and the only power he 
had was to inflict death ; for when the Philistines 
were feasting in the temple of Dagon, Samson seized 
two of the pillars and the house fell, killing him- 
self and three thousand of his enemies. The un- 
regenerate man has lost his moral eyesight, he is 
in the prison of unbelief, he is chained by sinful 
habits, he is grinding this world's grist, and he has 
only strength to destroy his own soul and the souls 
of others. The Philadelphia Confession of Faith, 
in Article IX., says truly, " Man in a state of inno- 
cency had freedom and power, to will and to do that 
which was good, and well pleasing to God. . . . 
Man by his fall into a state of sin hath wholly lost 
all his ability of will, to any spiritual good accom- 
panying salvation, so as a natural man, being al- 
together averse from that good, and dead in sin, is 
not able by his own strength to convert himself, 
or to prepare himself thereunto." 

The: palsied iviU of an unsaved man is made free 
to serve God by the Holy Spirit. When the Com- 
forter smote the heart of persecuting Saul his op- 
position to Christ instantly perished, and his earnest 
cry was, "Lord, what wilt thou have me to do?" 
An iron paralysis held the will of Paul in its re- 
sistless power, so that he was approvingly helpless 
to exercise any faculty of his soul for God until the 
Comforter made his heart the temple of Jehovah, 
and began to " work in him both to will and to do 
of his good pleasure." It is through this blessed 
working that God's '' people are willing in the day 
of his power" to render obedience or to make pain- 
ful sacrifices. The will of man, so free to sin, so 
powerless to decide for Christ's service, is strength- 
ened and sanctified by the Spirit in conversion, and 
receives his assistance ever afterwards to steadfastly 
steer the soul for a heavenly port. 

Men are conscious that they are free to sin, and 
when they are brought into the liberty wherewith 
Christ makes his people free, they are conscious 
that God's Spirit has given them deliverance from 
the bondage of unbelief, and they are conscious 
that their renewed hearts willingly love and serve 
the Saviour. 

Free-Will Baptists, or (as some of them choose 
to be called) Free Baptists, are found chiefly in the 
northern portion of our country, particularly in 
New England, and extend into the British prov- 
inces. They now (1880) count 77,641 members, 
1446 churches, 1280 ordained ministers, 162 licensed 
preachers, 2 colleges with theological departments, 
and 6 lesser schools. They have a weekly paper, 
The Morning Star, and a book-publishing house. 



FREE-WILL 



FRENCH 



The denomination originated in 1780. Its founder 
was Benjamin Randall, of New Castle, afterwards 
of New Dunham, N. H., who was converted under 
Whitefield, and who at first united with " the 
standing order," — Congregationalists, — then with 
the regular Baptists, till disfellowshipped for re- 
jecting certain Calvinistic sentiments. He finally, 
June 28, 1780, organized the church at New Dun- 
ham. The denomination began with the simple 
name of Baptists, soon derisively styled " Free-Wil- 
lers," but they shortly adopted the name Free-"\Vill 
Baptists, as this best designated their marked pecu- 
liarity. They are Trinitarian, Arminian, evangel- 
ical ; holding to immersion but practising open 
communion ; in church government independent, — 
that is, strictly congregational ; yet, for advice and 
helpfulness, having quarterly meetings of churches, 
yearly meetings of quarterly meetings, and a Gen- 
eral or Triennial Conference of yearly meetings. 
They emphasize a free salvation and the freedom 
of the will, and reject the doctrine of the final 
perseverance of the saints. 

From the New Dunham church, as a mother, 
their churches have sprung, though they have re- 
ceived additions from other quarters ; notably from 
the Free-Communion Baptists of Central New 
York, who joined en masse in 1841 ; from the de- 
clining Six-Principle Baptists of Rhode Island ; 
and from some churches once styled New Lights, or 
Separatists. Recently accessions have been re- 
ceived from churches at the South and West holding 
similar views. The early preachers were not as a 
rule educated men, but a great change has taken 
place in this particular. The leading ministers, 
now deceased, have been Benjamin Randall, John 
Burrell, -John Colby, Daniel Marks, Martin Cheney, 
Elias Hutchins, Ebenezer Knowlton, George T. 
Day. Meanwhile gifted women have received rec- 
ognition in the pulpit. 

The General Conference was formed in 1827. 
The Free-Will Baptist Foreign Mission Society was 
organized in 1833, and has a vigorous mission in 
India, to which Rev. Jeremiah Phillips devoted his 
life (dying in 1879), and now reporting six stations 
and a training-school for native preachers. In 1834 
was formed their Home Mission Society, in which 
the leader has been the venerable Rev. Silas Cur- 
tis, of Concord, N. H., and this society has done 
efficient work among the colored people of the 
South. An Education Society was organized in 
1840, and has happily fostered learning in the de- 
nomination, so that it now claims Hillsdale Col- 
lege, Mich., and Bates College, Me., with theologi- 
cal schools attached ; also schools at Pittsfield, Me., 
New Hampton, N. H., Rio Grande, 0., Ridgeville, 
Ind., Milton Junction, Iowa, and Stover Normal 
School, at Harpers Ferry, AV. Va., for colored stu- 
dents. Their periodical. The Morning Star, was 



started in 1826, published at Dover, N. H. Wil- 
liam Burr was its originator, and for many years 
its able editor. It is issued by the publishing 
house of the denomination and managed by a board 
of thirteen corporators. Rev. J. ^1. Brewster, of 
Providence, R. I., is the author of the " History 
of the Free Baptists of Rhode Island and Vicinity," 
in an address delivered May 19, 1880, and published 
in the Centennial Minutes ; also of the " History 
of the Missions of the Free-Will Baptists," pub- 
lished during their centennial year. The author is 
now one of the leading ministers and writers of 
the denomination, and to him we are indebted for 
the material of this sketch. The " History of the 
Free-Will Baptists for First Half-Century" was 
written by Rev. J. D. Stewart, and published in 
1861. A volume entitled " Christian Theology," 
giving views from the denominational stand-point, 
was issued by Rev. John -J. Butler in 1862. 

French, George E,., in his seventy-ninth year, 
but still active and useful, was born in Fall River, 
Mass., Jan. 24, 1802 ; lived in Darien, Ga., in 1819, 
and settled in Wilmington, N. C, in 1822 ; was 
baptized in 1827 by Rev. James McDaniel ; was 
the leading spirit in building the first Baptist meet- 
ing-house of Wilmington, and next to Rev. John 
L. Prichard, is entitled to the largest measure of 
credit in the erection of the present edifice, very 
much the handsomest church edifice in the State. 
Mr. French is a very successful business man ; has 
been director and president of the Bank of Wil- 
mington, director in the Bank of Cape Fear, in 
Wilmington Gas Company, and other corporations. 
For many years he has been a trustee of Wake 
Forest College, and one of the vice-presidents of 
the American Sunday-School Union. 

French, Rev. James, was born April 1, 1815, 
at North Hampton, N. II. ; son of Rev. Jonathan 
French, D.D., Congregational minister in that town 
over fifty years, and grandson of Rev. Jonathan 
French, of Andover, Mass. He is a descendant in 
the eighth generation from -John Alden and Pris- 
cilla Mullens of " jNIayflower" fame. His mother 
was Rebecca Farrar, the only sister of Prof. John 
Farrar, of Harvard University. He went West as 
a teacher in 1835, became a Baptist from convic- 
tion while preparing for the ministry in the Pres- 
byterian Church, was baptized by Rev. John L. 
Moore at Springfield, 0., and ordained at Lima, 0. 
He labored as missionary of the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society in Ohio and Indiana, then 
returned to New England, and was settled as pastor 
at Exeter, N. H., and afterwards at Ilolj'oke, Mass., 
in which last-mentioned place the first Baptist 
house of worship was built during his pastorate. 
He has since for nearly twenty-five years been con- 
nected with the Baptist denominational mission 
societies in the capacity of financial agent or dis- 



FRENCH 



418 



FRISTOE 



trict secretary. During the last ten years he has 
labored more as superintendent of our Baptist mis- 
sions on the frontier, with a field a portion of his 
time extending from the Mississippi River to the 




Pacific Ocean. In connection with this work he 
had charge of a valuable tract of land known as 
the " Potter legacy,"' in and around Denver, from 
which he realized during the last year of his labors 
West, for both our Foreign and Home Mission So- 
cieties, some $45,000. He was called to superintend 
the Philadelphia Baptist City Mission, which call 
he accepted, and entered upon his new missionary 
work in Philadelphia on the 1st of August, 1880. 

French, Judge Richard, a distinguished lawyer 
and statesman, was born in Madison Co., Ky., June 
23, 1792. He was the son of James French, a promi- 
nent citizen among the first settlers of Kentucky. 
Richard French was educated at Mount Sterling, 
Montgomery Co., Ky. At an early age he estab- 
lished himself in the practice of law at Winchester. 
In 1820 he was a member of the Legislature, and 
again in 1822. In 182S he was appointed circuit 
judge of his district, and served in that capacity till 
1835, when he resigned, and was elected to a seat 
in Congress, where he served three terms. In 1840 
he was the unsuccessful candidate for governor. 
After this he served two terms in Congress. In 
1850 he removed to Covington, and engaged in the 
practice of medicine, but his health failing soon 
afterwards, he moved to the country, where he died, 
in Kenton Co., Ky., May 1, 1854. 

Judge French was a man of great purity and in- 



tegrity. He united with a Baptist church near his 
residence, and was baptized in 1847, by his early 
law partner, the distinguished Dr. Dillard. He 
left three sons, who are members of Baptist 
churches, two of whom are prominent lawyers in 
Winchester, and -have served as judges of the 
County Court. 

Frey, Rev. James, Sr., was born in Mifflin Co., 
Pa., Jan. 10, 1793. In 1822 he removed to Ohio. 
He was baptized in May, 1823. He was ordained 
to the work of the ministry by the Beulah church, 
in Muskingum Co., 0. His field of labor, until 
1863, was in Central Ohio, doing principally pioneer 
work and preaching to feeble churches. In 1863 
he removed to Iowa, and settled near Sigourney, 
where he spent his declining years, preaching, as 
opportunity opened, until the close of his life. He 
died Jan. 3, 1880. 

Frey, Rev. James, Jr., son of Rev. James Frey, 
Sr., wai born in Clay, Knox Co.,0., April 20, 1827. 
He was baptized in August, 1845. After com- 
pleting his education he was ordained in the Hope- 
well church, Muskingum Co., 0., in April, 1851. 
His first pastorate was with the Toniaka church, 
commencing in April, 1851, and closing in August, 
1856. He then came to Iowa and settled in Si- 
gourney. He has been identiQed with the Baptists 
of Iowa almost from their first settlement in the 
State. Few pastors remain in it who were there 
at the commencement of his ministry. He is still 
pastor at Sigourney. 

Friley, Rev. William C, State evangelist and 
corresponding secretary of Louisiana Baptist Con- 
vention, was born in Mississippi in 1845; gradu- 
ated at Mississippi College in 1871 ; was pastor at 
Yazoo City, Miss., three years ; became pastor at 
Trenton, La., in 1876, and the year following or- 
ganized a church at Monroe, on the opposite side 
of Ouachita River. These two churches greatly 
prospered under his ministry, and they surrendered 
him reluctantly to his present work. His labors 
as an evangelist have been eminently successful. 

Fristoe, Prof. Edward T., LL.D., son of 
Joseph and Martha Fristoe, was born in Rappa- 
hannock Co., Va., Dec. 16, 1829. He received his 
early training at a school in the neighborhood, and 
at the age of seventeen entered the Virginia Mili- 
tary Institute, from which he graduated in 1846 
with the highest honors. He was for ten years 
principal of an academy at Surrey Court-House, 
Va. In 1852 he entered the University of Virginia, 
and graduated in all the academic schools in three 
years, receiving the degree of Master of Arts in 
1855. 'While at the university he excelled es- 
pecially in mathematics and the natural sciences. 
During his residence there he was baptized by Dr. 
J. A. Broadus, and united with the Charlottesville 
church. In 1855, while yet a student, he was 



FRISTOE 



419 



FROST 



elected to the chair of Mathematics in the Colum- 
bian College, Washington, D. C, which position he 
held with great acceptance until 1860, when he re- 
signed to accept the chair of Mathematics and As- 




PROF. ED«'ARD T. FRISTOE, LL.D. 

tronomy in the State University of Missouri. While 
there the war broke out, and Prof. Fristoe was 
offered several high positions in the Confederate 
provisional army of Missouri, which, however, for 
the time being he declined. In 1862 he left the 
university, and was appointed assistant adjutant- 
general in the Confederate army of South Missouri. 
In 1863 he was elected major of a battalion, and 
soon after appointed a colonel of cavalry. In 1864 he 
joined Gen. Price in his march from the Arkansas to 
the Missouri River. After the close of the war, in 
1865, he wsis elected to the chair of Chemistry in 
the Columbian College, which position he still 
holds. In 1871 he was elected to the chair of 
Chemistry in the National Medical College of the 
Columbian University; and in 1872 he was chosen 
lecturer on Chemistry in the National College of 
Pharmacy, Washington, D. C. In 1872 he received 
the degree of LL.D. from William Jewell College, 
Mo., and in 1874 the degree of Ph.D. (Doctor of 
Pharmacy) from the National College of Pharmacy. 
Prof. Fristoe, owing to his pressing labors, has not 
published anything except a few occasional ad- 
dresses before different societies. He is an active 
member of the First Baptist church, Washington, 
and one of its deaccjns. 

Fristoe, Rev. William, was born in Stafford 
Co., Va., about the year 1742. He was baptized 



by the Rev. David Thomas at the age of twenty- 
one, and being apt to teach, he was soon ordained 
by the Chapawamsick church, of which he was 
called to act as pastor, after ho had obtained a 
license from the legal authorities. His labors in 
the church were very successful, and large num- 
bers were added to its membei'ship. He also 
traveled extensively through Virginia, and was 
instrumental in forming several new churches. 
He attended the Buckmarsh church regularly 
once a month, although it was seventy miles dis- 
tant from his home. Besides Chapawamsick, he 
supplied several churches regularly, — Brentown, 
Hartwood, Grove, and Rockhill. In 1787 he re- 
moved to Shenandoah County, and became pastor of 
the Broad Run church, in Fauquier County, which 
position he held until the year before his death. 
His influence was large among his fellow-ministers, 
and his practical sagacity and experience made him 
prominent at all public meetings, and particularly 
at the Ketockton Association, the first formed in 
Virginia. Mr. Fristoe was very skillful in dis- 
cussions, which were often forced upon our pioneer 
ministers in Virginia, and impressive in preaching. 
He Avas thoroughly familiar with the Scriptures, 
as were all the ministers of that time ; his language 
was plain, strong, and nervous, and his manner 
solemn, always speaking as one having authority. 
Some of the most prominent preachers of Virginia 
acknowledged him as their spiritual father, — Luns- 
ford. Mason, and Hickerson receiving the tidings 
of peace from his lips. Mr. Fi'istoe was inter- 
ested in missions, although the spirit of the times 
was generally indifferent or hostile to their prose- 
cution, urging collections at different Associations 
for foreign and domestic missions. In 1809 he pub- 
lished a small work, entitled " The History of the 
Ketockton Baptist Association," which, in addition 
to the main object, refers to the history of the de- 
nomination throughout Virginia, and especially to 
the persecutions they suffered, and the sentiments 
for which they were distinguished. The work con- 
tains many interesting facts. He died Aug. 14, 
1828, in his eighty-sixth year, having been labori- 
ously and successfully engaged in the work of the 
ministry for more than sixty years. One who knew 
him well has said, " He was, perhaps, excelled by 
no man in the State in point of Biblical knowledge, 
and for pious walk and unblemished character." 

Frost, Adoniram Judson, D.L., was born in 
Parishville, N. Y., Sept. 12, 1837 ; converted and 
baptized at eighteen ; entered the St. Lawrence 
Academy at Potsdam at twenty ; at twenty-four 
was licensed to preach ; took the full college and 
theological courses at Hamilton, and graduated 
with high honor in 1867. He was pastor at Syra- 
cuse, N. Y., Bay City, Mich., and of the University 
Place church, Chicago, 111. In 1876 he removed to 



FROST 



420 



FULLER 



California; was three years pastor at San Jose, and 
in 1879 took charge of the First church at Sacra- 
mento. In 1878 California College conferred upon 
him the degree of D.D. Dr. Frost has a command- 
ing presence and genial countenance ; has a rich 
voice and magnetic eloquence : he instantly fastens 
the attention of his hearers, whether as preacher 
or presiding oiEcer. His broad sympathies give 
him great influence over men ; his independence 
inspires courage. His mind is vigorous, analytical, 
strong. He investigates his subject with resolu- 
tion, pursues it to the end with fidelity, and forces 
conviction. His ministry is marked with great 
success in winning souls and strengthening churches. 
He has much influence among his brethren in all 
the churclies of California, and is one of their 
most influential counselors and officers in Asso- 
ciational, educational, Sunday-school, and mission- 
ary organizations. 

Frost, Rev. James Madison, a devoted and 
learned minister of Jesus, was born of- pious Bap- 
tist parents, in Jessamine Co., Ky., Sept. 2, 1813. 
In his eighth year his parents removed to Washing- 
ton Co., Mo., where he grew up to manhood. Here 
he was baptized by Joseph King, and joined Car- 
tois Baptist church, Sept. 11, 1831. Was licensed 
to preach July, 1832, and ordained December, 1833. 
Feeling the insufficiency of his education, he en- 
tered Shurtleff College in 1834. Here he re- 
mained three years in the literary and theological 
departments. Two of his classmates were the 
learned Dr. Samuel Baker, now of Kentuckj'^, and 
Rev. Noah Flood, late of Missouri. On leaving 
college, Mr. Frost accepted the pastorate of Potosi 
church, Washington Co., Mo. In September, 
1838, he returned to Kentucky, where he took 
charge of Mount Vernon church, in Woodford 
County. In 1840 he became pastor of the chui-ch 
at Frankfort. His health failing, he removed to 
Georgetown in 1843, and became financial agent of 
the Baptist General Association of Kentucky. In 
1846 he took charge of the First church, in Cov- 
ington. After this he was at different periods pas- 
tor at Georgetown, Cave Run, New Liberty, Ilar- 
rodsburg, Madison Street church, in Covington, and 
South Elkhorn, all in Kentucky. He died in Lex- 
ington, Ky., May 24, 1876. Few men were ever 
more sincerely lamented. His son. Rev. J. M. 
Frost, Jr., now of Virginia, is a brilliant preacher 
and author. 

Fryer, Rev. R., a native of Bulloch Co., Ga., 
was born in 1800, and died in the beginning of 
1879 ; was baptized in 1824 in Bryan Co., Ga. He 
was at once impressed that he should preach, but 
he rebelled, and moved away to South Georgia to 
avoid it. Reaching his destination, to his surprise 
the report had gone before him that he was a min- 
ister, and he continued his journey to the Territory 



of Florida. He located in what is now Hamilton 
County, and there commenced preaching, and was 
ordained in 1833. In an area of a hundred miles 
belabored zealously and successfully till he removed 
to South Florida, in 1870. 

Mr. Fryer was in the unhappy controversy be- 
tween the missionary and anti-missionai-y Baptists 
that occurred about the time of his ordination, and 
he was excluded for his missionary sentiments. 
He was a man of liberal views, and in full sym- 
pathy will all progressive measures of his denomi- 
nation. He had great influence, for his mind was 
strong, his life blameless, and his heart large. 

Fryer, Rev. R. C, was born in Alabama in 
1821, baptized in 1837, became an active and zeal- 
ous laborer, and on removing to California, was 
ordained pastor of El Monte church in 1854. Sub- 
sequently he was pastor at Santa Anna, and is now 
pastor at Spadra. He is a ready and effective 
preacher, and his home is one of the most hospi- 
table and influential in Southern California. Yield- 
ing to the earnest persuasion of friends, he entered 
the State Legislature in 1869, and served in that 
body with distinguished ability and Christian fidel- 
ity. 

Fuller, Rev. Andrew, was born in Wicken, 
Cambridgeshire, England, Feb. 6, 1754. When 
about fourteen years of age he first became the 
subject of religious exercises. This question arose 
in his mind. What is faith? He could not answer 
it, but he satisfied himself that it did not require 
an immediate response, and that he would learn in 
the future what it was. Nevertheless he was hot 
as indifferent about his soul as in former times, 
and occasionally he was very unhappy. Once, 
with some boys in a blacksmith's shop, while they 
were singing foolish songs, the words addressed to 
Elijah seemed to pierce his soul, — Whatdoest thou 
here, Elijah ? And he arose and left his compan- 
ions. 

He was considerably affected at times by reading 
Bunyan's " Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sin- 
ners" and his " Pilgrim's Progress," and once he 
was led to weep bitterly in reading Ralph Erskine's 
" Gospel Catechism for Young Christians." A little 
later he was deceived by an imaginary conversion, 
which gave him great joy for a short time. But 
the joy departed and his sins returned, and for 
months they exercised dominion over him ; then 
his convictions came back and filled his soul with 
misery continually ; he saw that God would be 
perfectly just in sending him to the regions of 
despair. At this time Job's words came to him, 
and soon created the same resolution in him, 
" Though he slay me yet Avill I trust him ;" and 
the words of Esther intensified, his purpose, " ' If I 
perish, I perish,' but I must go to Jesus ;" and 
driven by his sins, and attracted by the redeeming 



FULLER 



FULLER 



power of the Lamb, he trusted Christ for the full 
salvation of his soul, and soon his guilt and fears 
were removed. 

In March, 1770, he saw two young persons bap- 




REV. AXDRET^' FULLER. 

tized. He had never witnessed an immersion be- 
fore, and it made such an impression upon him 
that he wept like a child, and he went away fully 
convinced that what he saw was the solemn ap- 
pointment of the royal Saviour, disobedience to 
which would be rebellion in him. One month after 
this baptism he was immersed himself into the 
membership of the church of Soham. 

In the spring of 1775 he was ordained pastor of 
the church of Soham. His income was miserably 
small, compelling him to resort to some secular 
pursuits to support his family. In October, 1782, 
he removed to Kettering, in Northamptonshire, 
where he spent the rest of his life. It gave him 
the greatest distress to leave the church of Soham, 
and nothing but a firm persuasion that he was fol- 
lowing the will of God would have ever led him to 
Kettering. 

A pamphlet published by Jonathan Edwards on 
the importance of general union in prayer for the 
revival of true religion, led to a series of prayer- 
meetings among the ministers of " The Northamp- 
tonshire Association" for this special purpose. 
Resolutions were passed by the Association at 
Nottingham, and at subsequent meetings held else- 
where, recommending that the first Mondaj^ even- 
ing of every month should be set apart for praj'er 
for the extension of the gospel. It is with some 



reason believed that these prayer-meetings started 
that missionary tidal-wave that soon rolled over 
England and America, the surging waters from 
which reached India, and many other sections of 
the heathen world. At a meeting held in Kettering 
on the 2d of October, 1792, the Baptist Missionary 
Society was formed, and the first collection for its 
treasury, amounting to £13 2s. 6cZ., was taken up. 
Mr. Fuller was appointed its first secretary, and 
while others nobly aided, Andrew Fuller was sub- 
stantially the society till he reached the realms of 
glory. Speaking of the mission to India, he says, 
" Our undertaking at its commencement really ap- 
peared to me to be somewhat like a few men who 
were deliberating about the importance of pene- 
trating a deep mine which had never been explored. 
"We had no one to guide us, and while we were 
thus deliberating, Carey, as it were, said, ' Well, I 
will go down if you will hold the rope.' But be- 
fore he went down he, as it seemed to me, took an 
oath from each of us at the mouth of the pit to 
this effect, ' that while we lived we should never let 
go the rope.' " And Mr. Fuller held it fast till his 
hand fell powerless in death. He traveled all over 
England very many times, pleading for foreign 
missions ; five times he journeyed through Scot- 
land on the same errand of love; and he visited 
Ireland once to advocate the cause of the perishing. 
The noblest cause that stirred up Christian hearts, 
the cause that brought the Saviour himself from 
the heavens, found in Andrew Fuller its grandest 
champion, and to him more than to any other 
human being was the first foreign missionary so- 
ciety of modern times indebted for its protection 
in infancy, and the nurturing influences that gave 
it the strength of a vigorous organization. 

His literary reputation spread all over his own 
country, and his name, long before his death, was 
as familiar in England and America as a house- 
hold word. All denominations read his writings 
with profound interest, and they place the highest 
value upon them still. His " Calvinistic and So- 
cinian Systems Examined and Compared, as to their 
Moral Tendency," and " The Gospel its own AVit- 
ness ; or, the Holy and Divine Harmony of the Chris- 
tian Religion Contrasted with the Immorality and 
Absurdity of Deism," are works worthy of the great- 
est theologian of any age, and long since they have 
placed their author beside Di-. John Owen, Dr. John 
Gill, and John Howe, as one of the first expounders 
of the Bible of the Anglo-Saxon race. " The Frank- 
lin of theology," as he has been called. Mr. Fuller 
was a voluminous writer ; and his works have 
passed through several editions. Though a staunch 
Baptist on the communion question, in 1798 Prince- 
ton College conferred on him the honorary degree 
of D.D., which he declined. Yale College, under 
the presidency of Timothy Dwight, followed the 



FULLER 



FULLER 



example of Princeton in 1805, with a similar dec- 
lination from Mr. Fuller. 

His death, on May 7, 1815, excited a profound 
sensation, and occasioned general grief. Throngs at- 
tended his funeral, — Episcopalian, Congregational, 
and other ministers vied with Baptist pastors in 
doing honor to his memory. His church erected a 
beautiful monument, which commemorates in glow- 
ing words their exalted appreciation of his great 
worth. 

Mr. Fuller was " tall, broad-shouldered, and 
firmly set. The hair was parted in the middle, the 
brow square and of fair height, the eyes deeply set, 
overhung with la-rge bushy eyebrows. The whole 
face had a massive expression." 

He had great decision of character ; he was 
usually very clear in his views of any subject that 
had occupied his attention. He was a natural war- 
rior, ready to assail the foes of truth in every direc- 
tion, but this characteristic was restrained and 
regulated by a heart filled with supreme love to 
Jesus, and by generous affections. 

His style was clear as a sunbeam, with little 
effort at ornament. His arguments were commonly 
as forcible as the blow of a sledge-hammer, when 
delivered with all the power of a strong and prac- 
tised hand. He was one of the few Englishmen 
that knew how to use the Scottish custom of exposi- 
tory preaching, and in this mode of applying the 
Word of God to men Mr. Fuller attained great dis- 
tinction. 

In general his theology is Calvinistic. His treat- 
ment of several of " the doctrines of grace" is such 
as to afford no comfort to the disciples of James 
Arminius. His views of the atonement, however, 
were innovations to the English Baptists of his day, 
which stirred up vigorous opposition. Dr. Gill was 
the theological teacher of one section of his denomi- 
nation, and Mr. Fuller of the other. Mr. Fuller's 
doctrine of the great sacrifice is generally received 
by English and American Baptists, though there 
are still some among us who regard Dr. Gill, in 
the main, as approaching nearer to Paul's represen- 
tation of the nature of Christ's glorious propitia- 
tion than the profound theologian of Kettering. 
These brethren agree with Mr. Fuller in using every 
Christian effort to bring sinners to Jesus, and to 
spread the gospel throughout the whole earth. 

Fuller's views of substitution and imputation 
have had a far wider influence in the Presbyterian 
and Congregational denominations than the kindred 
opinions of Richard Baxter, of Kidderminster, 
conspicuous as their author and his doctrines have 
been for more than two centuries. 

Andrew Fuller was one of nature's noblemen, 
and he was a blameless Christian ; his life was emi- 
nently useful, and his death was full of peace. 

Fuller, Rev. B. S., was born at Fitchburg, 



Mass., Sept. 3, 1806. He was the son of Joseph 
and Eunice Dodge Fuller. His mother was the 
sister of Daniel Dodge, who was the warm friend 
of Luther Rice, and a co-worker with him. 

He was converted in his seventeenth year, and 
received into the chui-ch at Holden, Mass., of which 
Elder Walker was then pastor. From the time of 
his union with the church he was active and zeal- 
ous. Soon after his conversion he removed to 
Boston, and labored in the South Boston Sunday- 
school, which only numbered about eighty at the 
commencement, but at the close of his labors had 
increased to three hundred. 

The providence of God prepared the way for his 
removal to Florida, by afflicting him severely with 
asthma, and thus rendered it necessary for him to 
seek a milder climate. He came to Florida in 1 837, 
but did not bring his family till he had remained 
two years, and became satisfied to live in the State. 

While Florida was yet a Territory, he was licensed 
to preach by the Concord Baptist church, in what 
is now Madison County. This was done Jan. 15, 
1843. He was at once requested to become pastor 
of the Hickstown church, and was ordained the 29th 
of the same month he was licensed. Alexander 
Moseley, Thomas Lang, R. J. Mays, and W. B. 
Cooper composed the Presbytery that ordained him. 
He was several years pastor of the church at Madi- 
son Court-IIouse, and served several churches in 
the county contiguous ; Monticello, the county 
town of Jefferson County, was his last pastoi'ate. 

Elder Fuller served the Florida Association effi- 
ciently as missionary and colporteur, and was agent 
for the Southern Baptist Publication Society, at 
Charleston, S. C. As pastor, missionary, and agent, 
he was active and faithful, and, as was truly said by 
the writer of an obituary notice of him, " He sym- 
pathized with every laudable effort to advance the 
cause of Christ." He possessed good natural endow- 
ments; was a great reader and student, and con- 
sequently was a strong man in the gospel and a 
popular preacher. 

Though coming to the State an invalid, with not 
much prospect of recovery, and but little idea of 
preaching, his life was prolonged to nearly the 
" threescore and ten" allotted to man. The ill- 
ness that terminated his life was protracted and 
painful, but it was borne with much submission, 
till death came to his relief, April 20, 1870, at his 
home in Monticello. 

By a consistent life, and by earnestly speaking 
the truth in love, he did a good work for Christ 
and his beloved denomination in what is propei-ly 
termed Middle Florida. 

FuUer, Rev. Cyrenus M., was born in Grafton, 
Vt., March 24, 1791. His early childhood and 
youth were spent in the home of his parents, who 
were Congregationalists, and he received his early 



FULLER 



423 



FULLER 



religious education in connection with them. From 
childliood he had serious impressions, and believed 
he would be converted and preach the gospel. In 
1810 he obtained an assured hope in Christ, and in 
1813 he was baptized and united with the Baptist 
chui-ch in Grafton, Vt. He was licensed to preach in 
1814, and ordained in 1818 by the Baptist church in 
Dorset, Vt. Previous to his ordination he made his 
first journey with horse and carriage to Boston, and 
preached for Dr. Baldwin, and on his return he 
preached for Dr. Stephen Gano in the First Baptist 
church of Providence, R. I. lie was pastor at Dor- 
set ten years, supplying occasionally the churches 
in Middletown and Arlington, Vt. In 1826 he made 
a tour among the churches of Vermont and New 
York to collect funds for Hamilton Literary and 
Theological Institution, then in an embarrassed 
state. In 1827 he settled as pastor of the Baptist 
church in Elbridge, N. Y., remaining twelve yeais, 
and then removed to Pike, N. Y., where he continued 
pastor of the Baptist church four years. In 1*^43 
he entered the service of the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society, and held this position until 
1861. He traveled as financial agent in twenty &i\ 
States of the Union, and extensively in the Buti^li 
possessions, — in all about 120,000 miles. He ciino 
to Wisconsin in 1858, where he died in Daricn, at 
the home of his son-in-law, Rev. E. L. Harris, June 
6, 1865. His ministry was pre-eminently useful. 
AVhile a settled pastor he baptized about 1000 
persons into the churches. During his extensive 
travels in the service of the Home Mission Society, 
extending throughout eighteen years, his labors 
were very valuable to that society as well as to the 
thousands of churches which he visited. He did 
much in bringing the work of home missions 
prominently before the Baptist denomination. He 
■was highly esteemed among the ministers and 
churches, not only for his works' sake, but also for 
his personal virtues and purity of character. 

Fuller, Riehard, B.D., was born in Beaufort, 
S. C, in April, 1804. His early education was con- 
ducted by the Rev. Dr. Brantly, father of the Rev. 
Dr. W. T. Brantly, now of Baltimore. In 1820 
he entered Harvard University, Mass., and in his 
class, consisting of more than eighty, stood among 
the first for proficiency in his studies, for general 
culture, and for skill in debate. In consequence 
of ill health he was obliged to leave Harvard 
while still in the Junior year. On his return to 
Beaufort he entered upon a course of legal studies, 
and after being admitted to the bar, he became, by 
his talents, diligence, and force of character, one 
of the most accomplished and successful lawyers 
in the State. While thus in the full flush of pro- 
fessional distinction, Beaufort was visited by the cel- 
ebrated revivalist, the Rev. Daniel Barker. During 
the meetings held at that time, and which were of 



remarkable interest and power, some of the most 
prominent and intellectual individuals of the place 
were brought to a consecration of themselves to the 
cause of Christ, among Avhoin were Stephen Elli- 




RICHARD FULLER, D.D. 

ott, afterwards bishop of Georgia, and Richard 
Fuller. He had been up to this time a member 
of the Episcopal church. He felt it to be his 
duty to give himself entirely to the work of the 
Christian ministry, and in connection with the 
Baptist denomination. He had been previously 
immersed by the rector of the Episcopal church ^ 
but dating his real conversion from the influences 
of this revival season, and thoroughly convinced 
that believers' baptism only was Scriptural, he was 
rebaptized by the Rev. Mr. Wyer, then pastor of 
the Baptist church in Savannah, Ga. He at once 
entered, with all the glow and vigor of a new spir- 
itual life, upon the congenial work of preaching 
the gospel. He was soon chosen pastor of the 
church in Beaufort, where he labored for some fif- 
teen years, during which time the church was 
greatly strengthened in membership, character, 
and influence. Through his efforts, also, a hand- 
some new church edifice was built. While in Beau- 
fort he engaged in a memorable controversy with 
Bishop England, of Charleston, S. C, on the Scrip- 
tural principles and claims of the Roman Catholic 
hierarchy, and won, from all who read the able and 
polished arguments, the reputation of a thoroughly 
equipped and skillful controversialist. Then came 
that still more memorable dialectic contest between 
himself and the Rev. Dr. Wayland on the subject 



FULLER 



424 



FULLER 



of slavery, in the conduct of which, whatever may 
be thought of the claims of the friends of either to 
a decided victory in the issue of the argument, 
there was such a uniform display of courtesy, kind- 
ness, and Christian manliness as is rarely witnessed 
in the discussion of such exciting questions. In 
the midst of these labors Dr. Fuller, in consequence 
of ill health, was obliged to suspend his pastoral 
labors, and, guided by the advice of his physician 
and friends, he, in the year 1836, made a visit to 
Europe. On his return he gave himself, with in- 
creased zeal and energy, to the one great work of 
his life, — preaching the gospel. His reputation had 
now become national, and many prominentchurches 
in different parts of the country were anxious to 
secure his services. In 1846 he received and ac- 
cepted a call to become pastor in Baltimore, where 
the remainder of his life was spent in pastoral 
duties. One of the conditions of his removing to 
Baltimore was that a new church edifice should be 
built, and accordingly a house of worship was 
erected on Paca and Saratoga Streets, where 
thronged congregations listened for so many years 
to his eloquent and impressive preaching, and 
where such large numbers were added to the church. 
After years of eminent success here, and partially 
in consequence of the very large number of mem- 
bers, a new enterprise was started, which resulted 
in the building of the beautiful house of worship 
at Eutaw Place, and the establishment of a strong 
church there. The same eminent success chai-ac- 
terized his labors in this new field that had crowned 
his efforts in the old, and here, still apostle-like, 
doing " this one thing," he closed his useful life. 
Thorough Baptist as Dr. Fuller was in every fibre 
of his nature, his influence for good was felt through 
the entire Christian community, and his labors 
were abundant in all departments of Christian be- 
neficence. No pastor in the denomination was 
more highly esteemed by the representative men of 
other churches than he, and none was more fre- 
quently urged to lend the influence of his name and 
counsel to those larger and more comprehensive 
benevolent organizations which embrace within 
their scope great communities and groups of 
churches. Though a slave-holder like Whitefield, 
he was a devoted master, as he lived among ser- 
vants for whose religious and physical welfare he 
made the most ample provision, and who were 
strongly attached to him. Dr. Fuller died in Balti- 
more, Oct. 20, 1876, in the triumph of that faith 
which he had so earnestly and unremittingly 
preached through a remarkable and blessed min- 
istry. 

Dr. Fuller as a preacher had but few peers. 
Gifted with a rare, manly, and commanding pres- 
ence ; free in every movement from those restraints 
fatal to the orator, which necessarily arise from the 



use of manuscript ; with a legal acumen that dis- 
criminated between the delicate shades of correlated 
yet of pregnant truths: with an imagination that 
embodied in forms of living beauty the personages, 
and places, and deeds of the far-off times and lands 
of the Saviour's earthly labors ; and a voice whose 
tones could thrill the soul with heroic resolutions 
or melt it into tender pity, — he has taken his place 
among the few great pulpit orators whose names 
are embalmed in the memories of men. As a 
writer, too, Dr. Fuller had his excellencies. His 
style was tinctured by the influences of the past 
rather than by those of the present. The tendency 
of eminent living clergymen is to a scientific in- 
stead of a classical style, — scientific in form, in 
phraseology, and in illustration ; whereas the style 
of Dr. Fuller's writings was saturated with the 
classic spirit, as seen in the well-balanced structure 
of his sentences, as well as in the affluence of his 
illustrations and allusions. The ennobling thoughts 
of the old Greek and Roman poets, historians, and 
orators, rather than the uncongenial dogmas of the 
present guiding lights of the scientific world, pul^ 
sate through all his sentences ; and he has left us, 
in some of the latest articles he penned, examples 
of that chaste, symmetrical, and statue-like style 
of which Everett and Legare were such masters, 
but which is rapidly fading into an accomplishment 
peculiar to the past. 

Fuller, R. W., D.D., was born in Beaufort, 
S. C, Nov. 27, 1824, and died in Atlanta, Ga., 
June 10, 1880. He was a nephew of Dr. Richard 
Fuller, from whom he received his theological 
training, at Beaufort, S. C. He came to Georgia to 
assume charge of the First Baptist church of At- 
lanta, but failing health caused his resignation. 
Consumption had fastened its fangs upon his vital 
organs. For years he acted as the successful agent 
for the Georgia Baptist Orphans' Home, and for 
Mercer University. But feebleness finally forced 
him to retire from all labor, and he gradually de- 
clined until the summer of 1880, when he peace- 
fully fell asleep in Jesus. 

Dr. Fuller was an exceedingly amiable and com- 
panionable man, full of humor and genial pleasantry. 
He had a superior education, a trained intellect, and 
strong mental powers. There was perhaps no 
abler preacher in the State, aside from mere de- 
livery. His language was very choice ; his thoughts 
were vigorous and clearly expressed ; his logic 
good, and his spirit most devout. His piety was 
undoubted, and he commanded not only the respect 
and esteem, but the love of all. 

Fuller, Eev. S. J., an aged, but still active min- 
ister in Logan Co., Ark., was born in Georgia in 
1816; in 1849 he settled in Claiborne Parish, La., 
where he began to preach shortly afterwards. He 
labored in Louisiana fifteen or sixteen years, pre- 



FVLTON 



425 



FURMAN 



siding seven or eiglit years as moderator of Concord 
(Louisiana) Association. lie tiien removed to Ar- 
kansas, and after three years settled in his ptesent 
field, where he has since labored. He soon gath- 
ered churches around him, and organized them 
into an Association, which he named Concord, of 
which he was moderator until compelled by the in- 
firmities of age to decline re-election. He has ac- 
complished great good as a pioneer. 

Fulton, Rev. John, was born in Henderson, 
Jefferson Co., N. Y. AYhen seventeen years of age 
he was baptized by Rev. Jacob Knapp. He grad- 
uated at Hamilton in 1843. He was ordained at 
Rensselaerville, Albany Co., N. Y., in 1844, and 
remained there three years. He served the church 
in Leesville, Schoharie Co., four years, and the 
First Cazenovia church nearly nine years. In 
1859 he came to Iowa, under appointment of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Societj', to the pas- 
torate of the church at Independence, Buchanan 
Co., just organized with eleven members. He built 
the first Baptist meeting-house in the county, and 
the first erected by Baptists on the direct line from 
Dubuque to the Rocky Mountains. He remained 
on this field ten years, during which he built three 
meeting-houses, — one at Independence, one atQuas- 
queton, and one at Winthrop ; and he secured a lot 
and made arrangements for the fourth at Jessup. 
From Independence he went to Belvidere, 111., and 
remained there as pastor for eight years. Then he 
returned to Iowa as pastor at Winterset, still untir- 
ing in his labors. Since Jan. 1, 1880, he has been 
the pastor of the Olivet church. Cedar Rapids. He 
has been greatly blessed in working for the Master. 

Fulton, Rev. John I., was born in Nova Scotia, 
Sept. 23, 1798 ; came to New York in 1802 ; was 
converted early in life and joined the church of 
North-East, Dutchess Co. ; entered Hamilton in 
1822 ; in 1824 was ordained pastor of Sherburne. 
He was pastor subsequently in Vernon, Mendon, 
and Stillwater, N. Y., and in several places in 
Michigan. He died in Tecumseh, Mich., Nov. 10, 
1867. He was an able preacher and an exemplary 
Christian ; one of his sons, Justin D. Fulton, D.D., 
is known throughout the United States. 

Fulton, Justin D., D.D., was born in Sherburne, 
N. Y., March 1, 1828. He graduated at Rochester 
University in 1851, and pursued a theological course 
in the Rochester Seminary until June, 1853. At this 
date he was invited to St. Louis to edit the Gospel 
Banner, a paper devoted to the advocacy of Bible 
revision, and meantime to serve as pastor of one 
of the city churches, to which work he was or- 
dained. In the fall of 1855 he resigned both of 
these positions, and took charge of the Baptist 
church at Sandusky, 0., which was greatly pros- 
pered under his ministry. In 1859 he was solicited 
by two brethren, of whom George Dawson, of the 
28 



Albany Evening Journal, was one, to assist in found- 
ing a new church. He accepted the call, and the 
result was the Tabernacle church of Albany, which 
soon became a power in that city. In 1863, Mr. 
Fulton became pastor of the Tremont Temple, 
Boston. His work here was so prospered that in 
a short time the spacious edifice was filled with at- 
tentive congregations. Here he labored for nine 
years, and built up a church of 1000 members, 
and one of the largest congregations in America. 
In 1872 he removed to the Hanson Place Baptist 
church, in Brooklyn. In 1876 the remnant of the 
Clinton Avenue church, of the same city, which had 
been struggling under financial embarrassments, 
invited Dr. Fulton to become their pastor. Mem- 
bers from other churches united with this interest, 
and a new church was formed, called the Centen- 
nial Baptist church. Here he still labors with his 
usual success, and the small band has increased 
manifold. Dr. Fulton is a prolific writer ; the fol- 
lowing works have proceeded from his pen : " The 
Roman Catholic Element in American History," 
" Rome in America,"' " The Way Out,'' " Show 
your Colors," " Woman as God Made Her," and 
" Life of Timothy Gilbert." The University of 
Rochester conferred the degree of D.D. upon Mr. 
Fulton in 1871. Dr. Fulton has great and varied 
ability, and unbounded energy. 

Fuqua, Rev. J. B., was bom Feb. 8, 1822, in 
Fluvanna Co., Va. He was converted when eight- 
een yearsof age, and ordained in Buckland Baptist 
church, Tenn., in December, 1851. He died Dec. 
12, 1877. Was pastor at Cape Girardeau, Mo. ; at 
Concord, and at Brush Creek. He was a mission- 
ary in the St Louis Association for some time. He 
had a good mind and fair attainments. He was 
firm, cheerful, candid, cordial, and was very useful 
as a minister. 

Furman, J. C, D.D., was born in Charleston, 
S. C, Dec. 5, 1809. He was educated at the 
Charleston College. In 1828 he was baptized by 
Dr. Manly. He then renounced the study of med- 
icine for the ministry of the Word. He rendered 
efficient service in the great revivals in Edgefield, 
Beaufort, and Robertsville. During these meetings 
R. Furman, D.D., George Kempton, D.D., and 
Richard Fuller, D.D., were converted. 

For several years he was pastor at Society Hill, 
one of the most refined communities in the State. 
At the earnest request of the Second church in 
Charleston he accepted a call as its pastor. But as 
the church at Society Hill resolved to renew their 
call annually, he felt it his duty to return to them. 

In 1843 he entered upon a professorship in Fur- 
man Theological Institution, then offered to him 
a second time. In concert with Profs. Miins and 
Edwards he elaborated a plan for a broader system 
of education, which resulted in the establishment 



FURMAN 



FURMAN 



of the Furman University, of which he has long 
been president. He was for many years moderator 
of the Baptist State Convention. 

During his whole connection with the university 




J. C. FURMAN, D.D. 

he has never neglected the ministry. He was pas- 
tor of the Greenville church at one time for two 
years, and at another for three and a half. Each 
resignation was tendered because he thought the 
church needed the entire time of a pastor. He is 
a son of Dr. Richard Furman, of Revolutionary 
fame. He has a fine intellect, bi'oad culture, fer- 
vent piety, the love of all that know him, and a 
life fruitful in good works and influences. 

Furman, Richard, Sr., D.D., was born in New 
York in 1755. His father removed to South Caro- 
lina while his son was an infant. Before he could 
hold the family Bible he would lay it on a stool and 
ask to be taught to read it, and as soon as he ac- 
quired the art, reading it was his chief delight. 
His education was almost entirely at home. When 
about seven years old he memorized, merely by 
reading, most of the First Book of the "Iliad," 
which he retained perfectly in middle life. In a 
short period at school having learned the rudiments 
of Latin grammar, he became quite a proficient in 
that language, and acquired a respectable knowl- 
edge of Greek and Hebrew. 

He was baptized in his sixteenth year, and at 
once he began the work of instructing his father's 
servants. He also took an active part in what 
: would now be called a Bible-class, and presently 
began to speak more publicly of the way of life. 



Crowds flocked to hear the boy preacher, and his 
precocious intellect and profound piety produced a 
deep impression on those who heard him. In his 
nineteenth year he was ordained as pastor of the 
High Hills church. The sherifi" once refused to 
allow him to preach in the court-house at Camden 
because he was not a minister of the Established 
(Episcopal) Chui-ch. Having preached in the open 
air, the court-house was ever after freely off'ei'ed 
him. About the beginning of the Revolution a 
meeting of ministers and laymen of different de- 
nominations met at High Hills to concert measures 
to remove the odious discrimination restricting all 
offices to members of the Establishment. Here as 
everywhere the Baptists have led in the contest for 
religious freedom. So conspicuous was Dr. Furman 
from the commencement of the war, that Lord 
Cornwallis off'ered a large reward for his apprehen- 
sion. He spent a part of the time of the war in 
Virginia, where Patrick Henry and family Avere 
regular attendants on his ministry. Mr. Henry 
presented him with a work on rhetoric and 
Ward's " Oratory," which are heir-looms of the 
fiimily. After the war he returned to his church at 
High Hills. He was one of the most active and in- 
fluential patriots throughout the Revolutionary war. 
In 1787 he became pastor of the First church in 
Charleston. He found it enfeebled by the war. He 




IICHARD FURMAN, SR., D.D. 



left it, after thirty-seven years, strong and united. 
Never was minister more loved and venerated, not 
merely by his church, but by the whole city. 
He was unanimously elected the first president 



FURMAN 



427 



FURMAN 



of the Triennial Convention in 1814. At this 
meeting he earnestly advocated the formation of 
an institution at Washington to educate young men 
for the ministry. At this time he gave a powerful 
impulse to the convictions from which have sprung 
Furman University, in South Carolina, Mercer, in 
Georgia, Hamilton, in New York, and finally the 
Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. 

He was a member of the convention that formed 
the first constitution of South Carolina, and he 
strongly opposed the provision excluding ministers 
from certain offices. He was also president of the 
Baptist State Convention for several years. 

He closed his long and eminently useful life in 



Furman University, which has now (1880) 

been in operation about thirty years in Greenville, 
S. C, was founded by the Baptists of the State. It 
is the expansion of a seminary which had pre- 
viously existed elsewhere, and which, under the 
name of Furman Theological Institution, was de- 
signed for the education of ministers. Embracing 
a theological, a collegiate, and an academical de- 
partment, and contemplating a subsequent depart- 
ment of law, the establishment was chartered with 
its present title. 

When it became expedient to provide a theo- 
logical institution for the South, the Baptists of 
South Carolina made the largest offer for its set- 




FURMAN UNIVERSITY. 



August, 1825. Probably no minister of any de- 
nomination has ever exerted a wider, tnore varied, 
or more beneficent influence. 

Furman, Samuel, D.D.— " In this very name 
we are taught to honor the deceased, although we 
may have been strangers to his face on earth. Dr. 
Furraan's life was long and faithful. God allowed 
his sun to travel from horizon to horizon. He died 
only when his work was done. He -was a man of 
broad learning, deep piety, and of unparalleled 
reverence for his Master. His memory lies em- 
balmed in the hearts of many who knew him, far 
and near. For almost two years before Brother 
Furman's death he was confined to his bed, and 
during a part of this time his suffering was great. 
He fell asleep peacefully on the 19th of March, 
1877. His remains now rest in the grave-yard con- 
nected with the Sumter church." 



tlement within their boi-ders, proposing to give 
$100,000 to the enterprise, on the condition of an 
equal sum being raised by the other Southern 
States together. Their proposal was accepted, and 
this necessitated the withdrawal of the theological 
funds of the university and the closing of this de- 
partment. Just before the war arrangements 
were on foot for opening the law department, 
Hon. B. F. Perry and C. J. Elford, Esq., having 
been appointed as lecturers. This purpose was 
put into abeyance by the war ; the collegiate classes 
were broken up, and instruction was given only to 
such as were too young to bear arms. 

When the havoc of war was over, amid all tbe 
discouragements arising from the fearful destruc- 
tion of capital, the confused arrangements of social 
life, the loss of employment, and the difficulty of 
getting from one place to another, railroads having 



FURMAN 



428 



FYFE 



been broken up, and mules and horses and convey- 
ances destroyed, it was yet determined to keep 
within the reach of the young people the advan- 
tages of education. A few earnest-minded men con- 
vening at the time of the regular meeting of the 
Baptist Convention of the State, encouraged the 
professors to open the doors and resume the work 
of instruction. This was accordingly done. 

The university owns a valuable site of about 
forty acres within the limits of the city of Green- 
ville, one of the most beautiful locations for a semi- 
nary of learning to be seen anywhere, proverbial 
for its healthfulness, on the skirt of the mountains, 
accessible by different railroads. Its buildings are 
not spacious, but ample for all present purposes. 
They are from the design of a gifted architect, and 
are in exceedingly good taste. The students board in 
the families of the city, and thus are saved from the 
vitiating influences to which young men thronging 
together in "commons" and in college dormitories 
are more or less exposed. 

Furman University has had a history for more 
than a quarter of a century without a rebellion, or 
an approach to rebellion. The students have 
achieved an honorable reputation for good order 
and gentlemanly deportment. Their coming is 
welcomed by the citizens of Greenville, and their 
departure regretted. 

The support of the institution has been derived 
in part from vested funds, but mainly from tuition. 
The investments bearing interest were almost wholly 
destroyed by the war. Since that time bonds pay- 
able in a short series of years were procured ; they 
entitled the bondsmen to the privilege of tuition. 
Then it was proposed to raise a permanent endow- 
ment of $200,000, the interest only to be used in 
supporting the professors, with free tuition for ten 
years. This was to be done by procuring bonds to 
be paid in five annual installments with interest. 
The bonds were procured, but unpropitious agri- 
cultural seasons, the fall in the price of cotton, and 
the general stringency in money matters up to a 
recent period, have made payments very slow. As 
a consequence the number of instructors, which 
ought to be six or seven, is only five. The vacancy 
occasioned by the death of Dr. Reynolds, Professor 
of Roman and English Literature, has not been 
filled, his duties being divided between two other 
professors. 

The course of studies is equal to that commonly 
pursued in colleges of the best reputation. Gradu- 
ation is awarded to success in closely written ex- 
aminations. 

The faculty are Rev. J. C. Furman, D.D., Chair- 
man, and Professor of Intellectual and Moral 
Philosophy, Logic, and Rhetoric; C. II. Judson, 
Professor of Mathematics and Mechanical Philoso- 
phy ; D. T. Smith, Professor of Ancient Languages; 



J. M. Harris, Professor of Natural Philosophy and 
Chemistry. There were eighty-six students in 
1879-80. 

Fyfe, Robert A., D.D., was born at St. Andr6, 
near Montreal, Canada, Oct. 20, 1816. He was oc- 




ROBERT A F\ FE, D D. 

cupied with business avocations from his youtb 
until the twentieth year of his age. His hopeful 
conversion occurred at about this time, when, under 
the impulse of his new love to Christ, he resolved 
to obtain an education and enter upon the work, 
of the Christian ministry. He entered Madison' 
University with the intention of taking the full 
course of study in that institution, but ill health 
compelled him to leave. His subsequent studies 
were pursued at the Worcester Academy, and at 
the Newton Theological Institution, where he- 
graduated in the class of 1842, and at once he was 
ordained at Brookline, Mass., Aug. 25, 1842, enter- 
ing immediately on his ministerial labors, as pastor 
of the Baptist church in Perth, Canada. Here he 
remained until the close of 1843, when he took 
charge of the Montreal Baptist College for one year, 
the arrangement being a temporary one. He then 
became pastor of the March Street church in To- 
ronto, Canada, where he remained until 1848, when 
he returned to the church in Perth, and was its 
pastor for one year. From Perth he went to 
"Warren, R. I., and was the pastor of the church in 
that place for four years. The next two years he 
was pastor in Milwaukee, Wis., and the next five 
years— 1855-60— he had charge of the Bond Street 
church, Toronto, at the end of which time he ac- 



GADSBT 



429 



GAD SB Y 



cepted an appointment as principal of the Literary 
Institute at Woodstock, Canada. It was an ardu- 
ous undertaking, and it was only by the exercise of 
patience and rare executive abilities that the enter- 
prise was carried on until it reached results which 
rewarded the labor and the sacrifice of its friends. 
■" Never was man more devoted to his work ; never 
was work done by a truer man. He has laid the 
Baptists of the British provinces under vast obli- 
gation, and his memorial can never perish while 
veneration and gratitude live in human hearts." 



But it was not merely what Dr. Fyfe did as tlie 
head of an important institution of learning that 
made his influence to be so extensively felt in the 
provinces. Home and foreign missions, and the 
cause of ministerial education, found in him a 
warm friend. Everything connected with the pro.s- 
perity of the denomination he so much loved was 
an object of interest to him. From the midst of 
his labors he was suddenly called to his reward. 
After an illness of but a day or two he died at 
Woodstock, Sept. 4, 1878. 



G-. 



Gadsby, Rev. William, was born in Attlebor- 
ough, England, in January, 1773. In early life he 
was remarkable for " frolic and mischief," and he 
was the undisputed leader of his companions. He 
found the Saviour's pardoning love before he was 
eighteen years of age, when in raptures of joy he 
could say, " He loved me, he gave himself for we." 
His first attempt to address the throne of grace in 
a prayer-meeting made him " tremble from head to 
foot," and feel so miserably ashamed of himself 
that he concluded he would never pray in public 
again. He was brought up among the Congrega- 
tionalists, whose fellowship he left, and was bap- 
tized at Coventry in 1793. Mr. Gadsby was or- 
dained at Desford, July 30, 1800. His first settle- 
ment was at Hinckley, M'here he remained till 1805, 
when he removed to Manchester. In that city he 
continued till his death, Jan. 27, 1844. 

Mr. Gadsby was one of the most remarkable 
preachers of the first half of the nineteenth cen- 
tury. His pulpit eccentricities exceeded those of 
Rowland Hill, and his fame was as well known in 
his own country. He had a more original and 
powerful mind than Hill, and his genius was of tlie 
same order. Under his sermons very remarkable 
conversions occui-red, and a great many of them. 
Numbers of persons entered his meeting-house 
with enmity to him and his doctrines, and went 
away rejoicing in his Master and full of affection 
for himself. 

He believed that the children of God were not 
under the law, as a rule of life, but under the pre- 
cepts of the gospel ; for this he was branded as an 
Antinomian, as if the commandments of Christ did 
not embrace all that was moral in the law. He 
continually denounced " free-will," and in its stead 
he upheld sovereign grace. At a meeting of Dis- 



senting ministers in Manchester during his pas- 
torate there, it was resolved that the best method 
to further the gospel was " to preach in away that 
the people could not discern whether they preached 
free-will or free-grace." When Mr. Gadsby heard 
the decision from a minister who was present, he 
quickly informed him that Satan was president of 
that meeting. He was an eloquent advocate of 
eternal and personal election, and the ultimate tri- 
umph of all the chosen of God, notwithstanding 
their own weaknesses, the Avorld's attractions, and 
Satan's malicious cunning. He would say of the 
Saviour's loving scheme, " it is an everlasting gos- 
pel, proceeding from everlasting love, and ending 
in everlasting glory." The themes of his ministry 
were " the deceit, depravity, and helplessness of 
human nature ; the first work of divine quickening 
in the cries, desires, and sensations of the living 
soul ; the rich glories of eternal love and grace in 
the covenant purposes of God the Father, the 
mediatorial glories of the God-man, the inseparable 
union of the church with him, and her complete- 
ness in him, having all fullness treasured up there, 
and the eSectual operations and sweet anointings 
of the Holy Ghost in the heart." He was a rigid 
Baptist. He stated to a Pedobaptist congregation 
to which he occasionally preached at their solicita- 
tion when he visited London, that " he was a Bap- 
tist to the backbone, and backbone and all." He 
had no sympathy with open communion, or with 
any other innovation upon the Saviour's doctrines 
and institutions. 

He was bold as a lion, and he was meek as a 
little child. He led a life of holiness towards God, 
his enemies themselves being judges. He had a 
heart full of sympathy for the poor and the unfor- 
tunate, to whom his death was a great calamity. 



GAGE 



430 



GALE 



He was an earnest friend of Sunday-schools, and 
in connection with his own church he was instru- 
mental in establishing a school which flourished, 
and in securing a separate building for its accom- 
modation. His labors were herculean ; he preached 
three times on the Lord's day at home, and often 
six times in the week in other places ; he traveled 
60,000 miles, a considerable part of it on foot, to 
proclaim the unsearchable riches, and in four coun- 
ties alone he was instrumental, directly and indi- 
rectly, in the erection of forty houses of worship. 
He kept distinct from the Regular Baptists in Eng- 
land, though his faith was substantially the creed 
of Dr. Gill. 

He met with an accident in 1840, in alluding to 
which the Manchester Times says, " Any cessation 
of the activity of such a man is a public calamity. 
His preaching, though marked by some eccentrici- 
ties, is of a high order, combining all the fervor of 
a deep devotion with the exercise of a vigorous, 
acute, and original intellect ; and his active prac- 
tical benevolence, manifesting itself not only by the 
relief of the distressed around him, but by his 
ardent desire to promote good legislation, and thus 
to advance the happiness of the whole human fam- 
ily, has endeared him alike to the sincere Christian, 
the philanthropist, and the reformer of political 
abuses. In any station he would have been a re- 
markable man." 

Mr. Gadsby was the author of twenty-two works, 
some of which have been widely circulated. 

Gage, Rev. Moses Dwight, was born Jan. 4, 
1828, at New Woodstock, N. Y. ; baptized at four- 
teen, and licensed in 1856 ; was educated at Alfred 
Academy and Rochester University. He became 
pastor, and was ordained at Bedford, Ind., in 1860, 
and in 1861 served the Pendleton and Muncie 
churches. From 1862 he was three years chaplain 
of the 12th Ind. Vol. Regiment, under Grant and 
Sherman, and wrote a history of the campaigns. In 
1865 he became pastor at Franklin, Ind., for two 
years, helping to revive the college there. In 1867 
became pastor for four years at Junction City, Kan., 
and built a $5000 church edifice. In 1873 he moved 
to California, and was three years pastor at Marys- 
ville, when he located at Camptonville as pastor 
and teacher. He is an able preacher, a fine 
scholar, and a popular educator ; has written ex- 
tensively for the religious and educational press, 
and served in various ofiicial positions in Baptist 
Associations and Conventions. 

Gair, Rev. Thomas, was born in Boston, Feb. 
5, 1755. He was baptized July 28, 1771. He was 
a graduate of Brown University in the class of 
1777. He was ordained a few months before his 
graduation as pastor of the church in Medfield, 
Mass., where he remained until November, 1787, 
when he was called to the pastorate of the Second 



Baptist church in Boston. His ministry was suc- 
cessful, and its results were felt long after his de- 
cease. He died April 27, 1790. One of his sons, 
Samuel Stillman Gair, Esq., was connected with 
the famous house of the Baring Brothers, bankers, 
England. 

Gale, Rev. Amory, was born in Royalston, 
Mass., Aug. 24, 1815. At the age of sixteen he 
experienced a hope in Christ. He was early called 
of God to the work of preaching the gospel. 




RET. AMORT GALE. 

His preparatory studies were pursued at Worces- 
ter Academy, from which he graduated in 1839. 

He graduated from Brown UniTCrsity in 1843, 
and from Newton Theological Seminary in 1846. 
Under his labors while a student at Brown Univer- 
sity an extensive revival was experienced in Roy- 
alston. His first settlement after graduating was 
at Ware, Mass. Here he was ordained Nov. 11, 
1846. In the spring of 1857 he received a com- 
mission from the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society to visit the West, and settled with the First 
Baptist church of Minneapolis. He succeeded Rev. 
T. R. Cressey as general missionary for the State, 
July 1, 1858. For fifteen years he toiled in his mis- 
sionary work, and reaped a glorious harvest. The 
Rev. Lyman Palmer collated many facts concerning 
Brother Gale's labors, from which we select the fol- 
lowing: "Sermons, 5000; family calls, 16,000; books 
sold or donated, 25,000 volumes ; miles traveled, 
100,000,— more than 50,000 miles of his missionary 
journeyings were with Indian ponies, in a buggy or 
a sleigh." Large churches were anxious for his ser- 



GALE 4 

vices, but his reply was, " The men are fewer who 
will take fields to be worked up, so I will take a 
new field." He had a strong physical frame, but 
it was the constraining love of Jesus that wrought 
within him an indomitable energy to grapple with 
and overcome great difficulties. He did not stop to 
look at obstacles, but to inquire for needed work. 
For years he sufi"ered very much with asthma, and 
often slept leaning against the wall of his room. 
He had as true a missionary spirit as ever dwelt in 
a human heart. He organized Sunday-schools all 
over Minnesota. At the time of his death there 
were one hundred and sixty-nine Baptist churches 
in that State, more than one-half of which he had 
assisted in forming. His name will long remain 
a household word in Minnesota. 

In the summer of 1874 he sailed for Europe. 
While abroad he visited the principal places of in- 
terest in Great Britain, many of the continen- 
tal cities, Greece, Constantinople, and Palestine. 
At Jaff'a, prostrated by Syrian fever, he was taken 
to the hospital, where he died, Nov. 25, 1874. 
During his travels a number of highly interesting 
letters from his pen were published in the Watch- 
man and Reflector, of Boston. The death of no 
citizen of Minnesota ever occasioned more profound 
sadness. He was buried in the " American Prot- 
estant Cemetery," near the city of Jafia. 

At the annual meeting of the State Convention, 
held in St. Paul, October, 1875, the following reso- 
lutions were unanimously passed : 

" Whereas, Rev. Amorj^ Gale has fallen during 
the past year, having died at Jaffa, in Syria, just 
as he had fulfilled a long-cherished desire to make 
a tour of the Holy Land ; and our brother beloved 
was one of the originators, and for fifteen years was 
the efficient, self-sacrificing, hard-working, and suc- 
cessful missionary of this Convention, and of the 
Home Mission Society ; and there is one heart-throb 
of anguish among brethren and sisters throughout 
our entire State, especially among our Scandina- 
vian and German brethren, to whom our brother 
was especially endeared by his great interest in 
their welfare ; therefore, 

^^ Resolved, That we express not only our deep 
grief for the loss we have sustained in the sudden 
and unexpected death of Brother Gale, but also our 
high appreciation of his many virtues, and of his 
unparalleled labors in severe pioneer work, which 
have been so efi'ective in placing our denomina- 
tional interests where they are in Minnesota to-day. 

" Resolved, That we tender our sympathy to the 
family of our brother in their severe affliction." 

Gale, Daniel B., was born in 1816, in Salisbury, 
N. H. He was educated at New Hampton Academy. 
He removed to St. Louis, Mo., and commenced busi- 
ness in 1837. He died Nov. 16, 1875. His widow 
has given expression to her love for him by the 



1 GALE 

donation of a costly organ to the Second Baptist 
church of St. Louis, called the "Gale Organ." 

Daniel B. Gale made a profession of religion in 
1857, and was baptized by Rev. J. B. Jeter, D.D., 
into the fellowship of the Second Baptist church of 
St. Louis. He was an efficient and highly esteemed 
member of this community till his death. His firm 
became one of the most prosperous in St. Louis, 
with a very honorable reputation. He was a mem- 
ber of the common council, and a trustee of his 
church. His great modesty kept him from accept- 
ing offices that were pressed upon him. The com- 
munity had the greatest confidence in him. His 
labors and benevolence were rarely surpassed. His 
memory will ever be tenderly cherished in St. 
Louis. 

Gale, Rev. John, Ph.D., was born in London, 
England, May 26, 1680. His father, a distinguished 
citizen of London, gave him every facility for ac- 
quiring the best education. To this end he sent 
him to Leyden, in Holland, where he graduated 
with honor in the nineteenth year of his age. 

On his return to England he pursued his studies 
with great diligence, especially in ancient literature, 
heathen and Christian, with which his acquaint- 
ance became very extensive. 

The Rev. Dr. William Wall, an Episcopalian, 
wrote the " History of Infant Baptism," and re- 
ceived the thanks of both houses of Convocation 
for the work ; and some years later, when he pub- 
lished a defense of his book, the degree of Doctor 
of Divinity from the Universitj^ of Oxford. Dr. 
Wall's history is one of the ablest defenses of im- 
mersion as the Scripture mode of baptism that had 
appeared till that time ; but its main design is to 
establish the authority of infant baptism. " This," 
as Crosby says, "Dr. Gale answered, before he was 
twenty-seven years of age, with so solid a judgment, 
such extensive learning, and so great moderation, 
that it gained him the esteem and affection not only 
of Baptists, but of all men of candor and learning 
on the opposite side." Dr. Whitby and Mr. Whis- 
ton both commend Dr. Gale's learned labors. And 
Lord Chancellor King, Dr. Hoadley, bishop of 
Bangor, and Dr. Bradford, bishop of Rochester, 
became his friends. He began to preach regularly 
in his thirty-fifth year, and he was favored with 
large and cultured audiences. He planned before 
his death to write an exposition of the New Testa- 
ment, and a translation of the Septuagint ; but a 
slow fever seized him in his forty -first year, and 
in about three weeks carried him to the grave. 
Dr. Gale's opinions on the Deity of Christ and on 
some other vital parts of the Christian system were 
not orthodox ; though it is somewhat difficult to 
state his exact positions. His works, additional to 
his reply to Wall, were published in four octavo 
volumes after his death. 



GALLAHER 



GAMBEEL 



Gallaher, Eev. Henry M., LL.D.— Dr. Cxal- 

laher was born at Castlebar, Ireland, Sept. 11, 
1833. He came to the United States in 1850. He 
was graduated from Shurtleff College, and the 
theological department connected with it. On 
leaving college he accepted the pastorate of the 
Vermont Street Baptist church of Quincy, 111. 

In 186-1: he was called to the First Baptist church 
of Brooklyn, N. Y., which he served with marked 
success for several years. He then entered on an 
important field in Elizabeth, N. J., from which he 
went to New Haven, Conn., and in 1879 he ac- 
cepted the call of the Hanson Place Baptist church, 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Wherever he has been a pastor his congregations 
were large, often overflowing the commodious 
houses of worship where they were assembled. As 
a preacher and a lecturer he is equally popular. 
His Irish wit, his fervent zeal for Christ and his 
cause, his keen power of analysis, and the gathered 
results of industrious research in all the fields of 
learning give him an extraordinary influence over 
his audiences. 

He generally writes his sermons, and closely fol- 
lows the line of thought marked out, but he is not 
confined to his notes. He moves rapidly about his 
pulpit or platform, and some of the most brilliant 
passages in his discourses are not in his manu- 
scripts. At New Haven, his meeting-house was 
generally thronged by the students of Yale College 
and other young men, many of whom were added 
to his church. 

His warm heart makes him eminently social and 
attractive. 

Galusha, Rev. Elon, a son of Gov. Galusha, 
of Vermont, began his ministry early in life, in 
spiring brilliant hopes, and fulfilling the expecta- 
tions of his friends. He labored many years at 
Whitesborough, near Utica, N. Y., afterwards in 
Utica, and subsequently in Rochester, Perry, and 
Lockport. He was president of the Baptist Mis- 
sionary Convention of New York, and he acted"as 
agent for several local and national institutions. 
For years he was one of the best-known men in 
the State. He possessed a rich imagination, glow- 
ing enthusiasm, and, when his sympathies were 
thoroughly enlisted, pure eloquence. Few men 
could carry a large congregation with such over- 
whelming power as Mr. Galusha. He was one of 
the most unselfish and devout of Christians. He 
was a father and a leader in Israel, whose memory 
has a blessed fragrance. He died at Lockport, 
N. Y., Jan. 6, 1856. 

Galusha, Gov. Jonas, was born in Norwalk, 
Conn., Feb. 11, 1753, and came to Shaftsbury, Vt., 
in 1775. From 1777 to 1780 he was captain of a 
militia company. In the famous battle of Ben- 
nington he led two companies. He was a repre- 



sentative from Shaftsbui-y in the Legislature of 
Vermont in 1800. He was councillor from October, 
1793, until October, 1799, and again from October, 
1801, to October. 1806. From 178! to 1787 he was 
sheriff of Bennington County. He was judge of 
the County Court from 1795 until 1798, and again 
from 1801 until 1807 ; judge of the Supreme Court 
in 1807 and 1808. He was governor of Vermont 
from 1809 to 1813, and again from 1815 until 1820. 
In 1808, 1820, and 1824, he was an elector of Presi- 
dent and Vice-President, and a member of the con- 
stitutional conventions of 1814 and 1822, of both of 
which he was the president. His services in public 
life covered a period of forty years. 

Gov. Galusha, although not a member of the 
church, was a Baptist in sentiment, and took an in- 
terest in the afi'airs of the denomination in the State 
of Vermont. " He maintained family worship in all 
its forms, was known to observe private devotions, 
was an habitual attendant upon public worship and 
at social meetings, and frequently took an active 
part in the latter. When nearly seventy-nine years 
of age, he attended a protracted meeting at Man- 
chester, and took an active part in its exercises ; 
as a result of which he was aroused to a sense of 
the duty of making a public profession of religion, 
and announced his intention to do so, but was pre- 
vented by a stroke of paralysis, which he experi- 
enced soon after, and from which he never recov- 
ered. His children were well trained, and all of 
them who survived childhood became professors of 
religion; one of them, Elon, an eminent minister 
in the Baptist denomination." Gov. Galusha died 
at Shaftsbury, Vt., Sept. 24. 1834. 

Galusha, Hon. Truman, was burn in Shafts- 
bury, Vt., in October, 1786, and was the eldest son 
of Gov. Jonas Galusha. He was baptized by Rev. 
Caleb Blood, and united with the church in Shafts- 
bury. Subsequently he removed to Jericho, Vt. 
He held various offices of honor in his native State, 
among them that of associate judge of Chittenden 
County Court. As a Baptist layman he was highly 
respected in Vermont, where he did much to pro- 
mote the interests of his denomination. He died 
at Jericho, Vt., June 13, 1859. 

Gambrel, Rev. James B., editor of the Missis- 
sippi Baptist Record, and pastor at Clinton, Miss., 
was born in South Carolina in 1841, but was reared 
in Mississippi ; held the rank of captain in the 
Confederate army; began to preach in 1867; after 
serving country churches two years he became 
pastor at West Point, Miss. ; in 1872 became pastor 
at Oxford, Miss., and while supplying the church 
attended the University of Mississippi, which is 
located at this place. He sustained this relation 
five years, during whieh the church was much 
strengthened. Having acquired considerable repu- 
tation as a writer, he was chosen as editor of the 



GAMMELL 



GANO 



Mississippi Baptist Record, a position whicii he fills 
with ability. 

Gammell, Rev. William, was born in Boston, 
Jan. 9, 1786. His early religious associations were 
with the Federal Street Unitarian church, which 
became so famous on account of the ministry in it 
of the celebrated Rev. Dr. William E. Channing. 
Of this church the parents of Mr. Gammell were 
members. Having experienced conversion, in the 
evangelical sense of that word, he was baptized in 
1805 by Rev. Dr. Stlllinan, and united with the 
First Baptist church in Boston. He was educated 
in the schools of his native city, and studied the- 
ology under the direction of Rev. William Wil- 
liams, of Wrentham, Mass. While devoting his 
attention to divinity, he was invited to supply the 
pulpit of the church in Bellingham, Mass., which 
gave him a call, and he was ordained as pastor in 
1809. In 1810 he removed to Medfield, Mass. In 
this place there grew up under his ministry a flour- 
ishing church, which was gathered not only from 
Medfield, but from the adjoining towns. To it ho 
ministered for thirteen years, and then resigned in 
August, 1823, and removed to Newport, R. I., and 
became the pastor of the Second Baptist church. 
Here his ministry was eminently successful, a large 
congregation was drawn to the house of worship 
by his attractive eloquence and his zeal for the 
honor of his Master. In the midst of his great 
usefulness and popularity he died suddenly of apo- 
plexy. May 30, 1827, in the forty-second year of 
his age. He received the honorary degree of 
A.M. from Brown University in 1817, and in 1820 
was elected a member of the corporation. " He 
was," says his son. Prof W. Gammell, "a highly 
acceptable preacher, and an earnest friend of every 
object connected with the extension of Christian- 
ity." 

Gammell, William, LL.B., was born in Med- 
field (where his fivther was the pastor of the Baptist 
church), Feb. 10, 1812. He entered Brown Uni- 
versity in 1827, and graduated in 1831. The class 
numbered only thirteen, but several of its members 
arrived at considerable distinction in their different 
callings in life. Among them were Hon. F. W, 
Bird, Rev. Drs. Iloppin and Waterman, and David 
King, M.D. For three years Mr. Gammell was 
tutor in Brown University. In 1835 he was chosen 
Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature, and 
held the office for fifteen years, when he was trans- 
ferred to the chair of History and Political Econ- 
omy. His term of service in the college, which 
covered a period of thirty-three years, came to an 
end in 1864. He commenced his college life as a 
Freshman under Dr. Wayland, and was associated 
with him as a student or an instructor during his 
whole administration, which closed in 1855. He 
was also professor nine years under President Sears. 



During this long period Prof Gammell conducted 
the studies of the two departments in which he was 
the professor with great ability and success, leaving 
the impress of his fine taste and rare skill in the 
elegant use of the English language on hundreds 
of young men, who, both consciously and uncon- 
sciously, were influenced by his instructions and 
his personal example. Prof Gammell was not only 
a college professor, conducting the ordinary routine 
of hearing recitations and doing his part in main- 
taining discipline, but he found time to prepare a 
large amount of matter for the press. Sparks's 
" Biography" is indebted to him for lives of Roger 
Williams and Gov. Samuel Ward. He wrote a 
" History of Baptist Missions," which is a standard 
authority in matters of which it treats to this day. 
He was for some time one of the editors of the 
Christian Review, and the writer of many articles 
which have been given to the world through various 
channels. 

Since his resignation in 1864, Prof. Gammell has 
resided in Providence and Newport, devoting his 
time and thoughts to the administration of his 
business affairs and to the oversight of charitable 
and educational institutions with which he is con- 
nected. 

Gandy, D. R., a prominent Baptist layman in 
Sabine Association, La. ; was sheriff of Sabine 
Parish many years, and in 1853 served one term in 
the Legislature of the State ; born in Georgia in 
1811 ; died in Louisiana in 1867. 

Gano, Rev. John, v»-as born in Hopewell, N. -J., 
■July 22, 1727. His family was of French origin. 
and its name Gerneaux. Mr. Gano's father was a 
pious Presbyterian, and he felt inclined to follow 
in his father's religious footsteps, but an examina- 
tion of the subject of baptism led him to take the 
Saviour's immersion in the .Jordan as his model 
and to unite with the Baptist church of Hopewell. 
With a new heart, a Scriptural creed, and a call 
from Christ to preach the gospel, he was ordained 
May 29, 1754, and became pastor of the Scotch 
Plains church. He removed to the South after a 
two years' settlement at Scotch Plains, where he 
remained till 1760. In June, 1762, the First Bap- 
tist church of New York was constituted, its mem- 
bers having received letters for this purpose from 
the parent church at Scotch Plains. Immediately 
after their organization they called Mr. Gano to be 
their pastor. He accepted the invitation, and held 
the position for twenty-six eventful years. His 
ministry was greatly blessed in New York, and the 
church that commenced its ecclesiastical life with 
twenty-seven members soon became a power in the 
future Empire City. 

Mr. Gano was deeply interested in the Revolu- 
tionary struggle, and when fighting began he en- 
tered the army as chaplain to Gen. Clinton's New 



GANO 



434 



GANO 



York brigade, and performed services which ren- 
dered him dear to the officers and men with whom 
he was associated. Nor did he ever shun the scene 
of danger, though his duties were entirely peaceful. 
Headley, in his " Chaplains and Clergy of the Rev- 
olution," says, " In the tierce conflicton Chatterton's 
Hill, Mr. Gano was continually under fire, and his 
cool and quiet courage in thus fearlessly exposing 
himself was afterwards commented on in the most 



spirit, that " Baptist chaplains were the most prom- 
inent and useful in the army" ? 

On the return of Mr. Gano to New York at the 
close of the war he could only find thirty-seven 
members of his church ; these he gathered together 
again, and the Lord soon gave him and his people 
a gracious revival, which imparted strength and 
hope to his discouraged church. In May, 1788, he 
removed to Kentucky, and became pastor of the 




REV. JOHN GANO. 



glowing terms by the officers who stood near him." 
In speaking of his conduct on that occasion, he 
said, " My station in time of action I knew to be 
among the surgeons, but in this battle I somehow 
got in the front of the regiment, yet I durst not 
quit my place for fear of dampening the spirits, of 
the soldiers, or of bringing on myself an imputa- 
tion of cowardice." Headley states that when he 
" saw more than half the army flying from the 
sound of cannon, others abandoning their pieces 
without firing a shot, and a brave band of six hun- 
dred maintaining a conflict with the whole British 
army, filled with chivalrous and patriotic sympathy 
for the valiant men that refused to run, he could 
not resist the strong desire to share their perils, 
and he eagerly pushed forward to the front." Any 
wonder that Washington should say of chaplains 
like Mr. Gano, and there were other Baptists of his 



Town Fork church, near Lexington. He died in 
1804. 

Mr. Gano was the brother-in-law of Dr. Man- 
ning, the first president of Brown University, whose 
ordination sermon he preached. He was one of the 
earliest and most influential friends of Rhode Island 
College. He went everywhere to further Baptist 
interests. He had a fund of energy greater than 
most men, and an intellect which could grasp any 
subject. He was regarded in his day as " a star 
of the first magnitude," " a prince among the hosts 
of Israel," •' a burning and a shining light, and 
many rejoiced in his light." One of his sons, Dr. 
Stephen Gano, was for thirty-six years the beloved 
pastor of the First Baptist church. Providence, R. I. 

Gano, Rev. Stephen, M.D., was born Dec. 25, 

1762, in the city of New York. His father at the 
time of his birth was the pastor of the Gold Street 



GANO 



GARDNER 



Baptist church. lie was a nephew of Rev. James 
Manning, and the purpose of his parents was to 
send him to the Rhode Island College, of whicli his 
uncle was the president, but so great were the dis- 
tractions caused by the Revolutionary war that 
they were obliged to sacrifice their wishes in this 
respect. He was placed under the care of his ma- 
ternal uncle. Dr. Stiles, and educated with special 
reference to the medical profession. Having com- 
pleted his studies, and being desirous of entering 
the army, he was appointed a surgeon at the age of 
nineteen, and for two years was in the public ser- 
vice. The title of doctor which he received in his 
youthful days he bore in after years, and was called 
"Doctor" Gano. While occupied with his practice 
as a physician in Tappan, now Orangetown, N. Y., 
he became a subject of God's converting grace. At 
once he seems to have felt it to be his duty to give 
himself to the work of the Christian ministry, and 
was ordained on the 2d of August, 1786. After 
spending some time preaching in the vicinity of his 
native city he received, in 1792, a unanimous invi- 
tation to become the pastor of the First Baptist 
church in Providence, R. I. His ministry here 
was a long and remarkably successful one, from 
which he did not cease until three months before 
his death. His sickness was a distressing one, but 
he bore his pains with patience, and died in the 
triumphs of faith on the 18th of August, 1828. For 
thirty-six years he had been a power for good in 
the community in which he had lived for so long a 
time, and when he passed away devout men bore 
him to the grave, and his memory is still cherished 
with loving regard in the church he served with' 
such rare devotion to their interests. 

Dr. Gano was one of the most interesting and 
instructive preachers of the times in which he 
lived. "He possessed," says his son-in-law, the 
late Rev. Dr. Henry Jackson, " many qualities to 
render his preaching both attractive and impressive. 
He had a fine commanding figure, being more than 
six feet in stature, and every way well proportioned. 
His voice was full, sonorous, and altogether agree- 
able. His manner was perfectly artless and un- 
studied. He had great command of language, and 
could speak with fluency and appropriateness with 
little or no premeditation. His discourses were 
eminently experimental, and were adapted to every 
Christian, while they abounded in appeals to the 
careless and the ungodly." His confidence in the 
efficacy of prayer was remarkable, and his views 
of firmly trusting in the leadings of God's provi- 
dence singularly clear and strong. 

The Hon. James Tallmadge, LL.D., who was a 
relative of his second wife, and resided in his family 
while pursuing his studies in Brown University, 
thus speaks of Dr. Gano in a letter which may be 
found in Sprague's " Annals" : 



" Dr. Gano was admitted on all hands to hold a 
high rank among the ministers of his denomina- 
tion. He devoted himself with great assiduity to 
the duties of his profession. Wednesday and Sat- 
urday he gave to the work of preparation for the 
duties of the Sabbath and other appointed services. 
It was his custom in studying his sermons to note 
on a small piece of paper his text and the general 
divisions of his discourse, with reference to passages 
of Scripture and other illustrations of his subject. 
This memorandum, placed in the book before him, 
was a sufficient guide to his thoughts, and it enabled 
him to speak with great promptness and fluency. 

" His personal appearance was prepossessing, his 
voice manly, his articulation distinct, and his dic- 
tion clear and impressive. His preaching was in 
turn doctrinal, practical, and experimental. His 
exhortations were often exceedingly earnest and 
pathetic, and, in the application of his discourse, 
it was not uncommon for a portion of his audience 
to be melted into tears. 

" The administration of the ordinance of baptism 
in connection with the singing of a hymn at the 
water, according to the usage of the Baptist Church, 
afforded a fine opportunity for the display of his 
powers. His eloquence on these occasions was 
often greatly admired. He was a favorite among 
his friends, and had a high standing both as a man 
and as a minister in his denomination." 

Gardner, E.ev. Benjamin West, was born in 
Providence, R. I., July 4, 1822; graduated at Brown 
University in 1850, and at the Xewton Theological 
Institution in 1853. He was ordained pastor of the 
church at Sheldonville, Mass., in September of the 
same year, and remained there two years. For 
three years he preached in Mansfield, Mass., and 
for nine years at West Dedham. The drafts made 
upon a constitution, never strong, were too great, 
and he was obliged to leave the pastoral office. 
North Marsh field was his home for the last five 
years of his life. He died July 6, 1874. He was a 
faithful, conscientious minister of Christ. 

Gardner, George W., D.D., was born in Pom- 
fret, Vt., Oct. 8, 1828. At the early age of four- 
teen he was baptized into the fellowship of the Bap- 
tist church in Canaan, N. H., by Rev. George W. 
Cutting. He was prepared for college at the 
academy in Thetford, Yt., and graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in the class of 1852. For one year 
he was principal of the academy in Ludlow, Yt., 
and then took charge of the New London Institu- 
tion, of which he was the principal for eight years. 
During this period over one thousand different stu- 
dents were connected with the school, and about 
one hundred and fifty young men were prepared 
for college under his immediate instruction. He 
was ordained as a minister of the gospel in Sep- 
tember, 1858. In November, 1861, he was installed 



GARDNER 



436 



GARLICK 



as pastor of the First Baptist church in Charles- 
town, Mass., where he remained eleven years. In 
September, 1872, he entered upon his duties as cor- 
responding secretary of the American Baptist Mis- 




GEORGE W. GARDNER, D.D. 

sionary Union, of the Executive Committee of whose 
board he had been a member for the five years 
previous. He acted as corresponding secretary of 
the Union for four years, when the two secretary- 
ships hitherto existing were merged into one, and 
Dr. Gardner retired and accepted a call to the pas- 
torate of the First Baptist church in Cleveland, 0. 
His connection with the church commenced in Oc- 
tober, 1876, and continued between one and two 
years. 

While residing in New Hampshire, Dr. Gardner 
was prominently connected with educational work 
in that State, and was a member of the State Board 
of Education for two years. In 1870 he made an 
extensive tour of Europe and the Holy Land. 
During the years 1873-76 he was the editor of the 
Missionary Magazine. He has contributed to the 
pages of the Baptist Quarterly, published several 
missionary tracts, and was the Sunday-school editor 
of the Watchman and Reflector for 1871 and 1872. 
He has published several sermons in pamphlet 
form, and has been a contributor to the religious 
papers. 

Dr. Gardner, in February, 1881 , was elected to 
the presidency of Central University, Iowa. Dart- 
mouth College conferred upon him the degree of 
Doctor of Divinity in 1867. 

Gardner, Rev. Solomon, a pioneer in Bradley 



Co., Ark., was born in Mississippi in 1824 ; came to 
Arkansas in 1844 ; served with distinction in 1st 
Miss. Regiment in the war with Mexico ; began 
to preach in 1859 ; has at different times supplied 
most of the churches of his region ; served with 
ability one term in the Arkansas Legislature at a 
most critical period; was commissary of the 9th 
Ark. Regiment in the Confederate army. 

Gardner, William W., D.D., a pastor, edu- 
cator, and author, was born in Barren Co., Ky., 
Oct. 1, 1818. In his eighteenth year he commenced 
the study of medicine. In 1838 he united with a 
Baptist church, and the following year entered 
Georgetown College, where he graduated in 1843. 
In 1844 he was ordained to the pastorate of the 
Baptist church at Shelbyville, Ky. In 1847 he 
took charge of the church at Maysville, Ky., where 
he remained until 1851, when he became agent 
of the Baptist General Association of Kentucky. 
At the close of the year he became pastor of the 
church at Mayslick. From 1857 to 1869 he was 
pastor of the church at Russellville, and Pro- 
fessor of Theology in Bethel College. At the lat- 
ter date he resigned the charge of the church, and 
gave his time to the duties of his professorship. 
"When the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary 
was removed from Greenville, S. C, to Louisville, 
Ky., the theological department of Bethel and 
Georgetown Colleges was abolished, and Dr. Gard- 
ner resumed the pastoral office at Glasgow, Ky. 
He has recently removed to Russellville, where he 
now resides. 

Dr. Gai-dner has manifested especial excellence 
as a teacher of New Testament theology, and has 
published several books and pamphlets, among 
which is a volume on church communion, which 
has met with much favor. 

Garlick, Joseph R., D.D., was born in King 
William Co., Va., Dec. 30, 1825. His early train- 
ing was at the neighboring schools. In 1840 he 
entered the Virginia Baptist Seminary (now Rich- 
mond College), and remained there till the fall of 
1841, when he matriculated at the Columbian Col- 
lege, and graduated in 1843. Being not quite 
eighteen years of age at this time, he engaged in 
teaching until January, 1849, when, having been 
ordained the year previous, he was elected pastor 
of the Hampton Baptist church, Va., remaining 
there four years. For two years he was connected 
with the Chowan Female Institute, Murfreesbor- 
ough, N. C. He removed thence, in 1855, to 
Bruington, King and Queen Co., and established 
the Rappahannock Female Institute, over which 
he presided for fourteen years, and for ten years 
of that time was also pastor of St. Stephen's Bap- 
tist church, in that county. His present field is 
the Leigh Street church, Richmond, where he has 
labored for nearly nine years. This church num- 



GARNETT 



437 



GARRETT 



bers nearly 900 members, and is probably the largest 
■white church in the South. It is a rigorous and 
busy hive of earnest Christian workers. Dr. Gar- 
lick received the degree of A.M. in course from 
the Columbian College in 1846, and the honorary 
degree of D.D. from Richmond College. He is also 
president of the State Mission of the Baptist Gen- 
eral Association of Virginia. He removed from 
Richmond to King and Queen Co., Va., where he 
is novF preaching. 

Garnett, Judge James, was born of pious Bap- 
tist parents in Adair Co., Ky., July 8, 1834. After 
attending the common school of his neighborhood, 
he finished his education at a private academy con- 
ducted by Mr. Saunders. At the age of eighteen 
he was employed in the office of the county clerk 
of Adair, where he remained three years, indus- 
triously devoting his leisure hours to reading law. 
He completed his studies in the law-office of Judge 
T. E. Bi-aralette, and in November, 1856, was ad- 
mitted to the bar in his native county. In August, 
1871, he was elected to a seat in the Legislature of 
Kentucky, and served in one regular and one extra 
session of that body. In 1874 he was elected judge 
of the sixth judicial district of Kentucky, which po- 
sition he has filled with ability until the present 
time. Judge Garnett was baptized into the fellow- 
ship of the Baptist Church at Columbia, Ky., in 
1857, by Rev. H. McDonald, D.D., now of Rich- 
mond, Va. 

Garrard, Gov. James, an eminent statesman, 
and a man of great purity of life and character, 
was born in Staffiard Co., Va., Jan. 14, 1749. He 
entered the service of the colonies as a militia 
officer early in their struggle with the mother- 
country. He was called from the head of his 
command in the army to a seat in the Virginia 
Legislature, where he was a zealous and influen- 
tial advocate of the passage of the famous bill for 
the establishment of religious liberty. He was 
among the early settlers of Kentucky, where he 
was a leading member of nearly all the political 
conventions of that district, including the one 
which formed the first constitution of the State. 
In early life he united with the Baptists in Vir- 
ginia, at a time when they endured fierce persecu- 
tion. After his settlement in Kentucky he was 
ordained to the ministry. In 1791, pending the 
convention which formed the first constitution of 
Kentucky, a committee, composed of James Gar- 
rard, Ambrose Dudley, and Augustine Eustin, re- 
ported to Elkhorn Association a memorial and re- 
monstrance in favor of excluding slavery from the 
Commonwealth by constitutional enactment. After 
serving several times in the Kentucky Legislature, 
Mr. Garrard was elected governor of the Common- 
wealth in 1796, which office he held by re-election 
eight successive years. Kentucky has never had a 



citizen that stood higher in popular estimation than 
Gov. Garrard. He died at his residence in Bourbon 
Co., Ky., .Jan. 9, 1822. 

Garrard, Rev. John, was brought up, con- 
verted, and ordained in Pennsylvania, and he set- 
tled in Virginia in 1754 to preach Jesus. Ills 
labors were specially given to Berkeley and Lou- 
don Counties. He assisted in the formation of the 
Ketocton Association, and his great love for souls 
was rewarded by the conversion of large numbers. 
He was one of those heaven-honored preachers 
whose memory should be precious to the Baptist 
denomination throughout all time. Ilis brethren 
in the ministry gave him the most prominent place 
in their meetings, and his example and spirit were 
universally commended. He lived to be a very 
old man, and died about 1784. 

Garrard, E.ev. John, sometimes written Ger- 
rard, was among the first preachers that settled in 
Kentucky. Where he came from is unknown. 
On the 18th of June, 1781, at the constitution of 
Severn Valley church, in Hardin Co., Ky., he was 
installed in the pastoral office of that body, and was 
consequently the first minister of any church in 
the Mississippi Valley. In May, 1782, he was cap- 
tured by Indians, and never heard of afterwards. 

Garrett, Rev. Hosea, was born in Laurens 
District, S. C, Nov. 26, 1800; ordained to the 
ministry in 1834. His first pastorate was in 1836. 
Removed to Texas in February, 1842, and settled 
in Washington County, near Independence, and has 
resided in the same county ever since. Preached 
to some of the most important churches. He has 
been always regarded as a remarkably sound and 
logical preacher. One of its original founders, he 
has been for nearly thirty-five years devoted to the 
maintenance of Baylor University, contributing 
liberally of his time and means for that object, 
acting as agent at one time, and as president of the 
trustees nearly all the time up to the present 
moment. As a preacher he is plain and perspicu- 
ous. In judgment and conservative policy he is 
the Nestor of Texas Baptists. He is well known 
as an officer of the State and Southern Conventions. 

Garrett, Judge Oliver Hazard Perry, was 
born May 29, 1816, in Laurens District, S. C., and 
was educated in the district in which he was born. 
In December, 1833, he professed religion, and was 
baptized by Rev. Jonathan Dewees into the fellow- 
ship of the Warrior Creek Baptist church; re- 
moving to Texas, he was ordained, in 1844, a deacon 
of Providence Baptist church, W^ashington County, 
Rev. Wm. M. Tryon, Rev. R. E. B. Baylor, and 
Rev. Hosea Garrett acting as the Presbytery. He 
has continued in the office till this time. He served 
as clerk of Providence church from 1848 to 1868. 
In October, 1856, at Cold Springs, Walker County, 
he was elected clerk of the Union Association, and 



GARROTT 



438 



GATES 



he is still clerk. In October, 1859, at Waco, he 
was elected recording secretary of the Texas Bap- 
tist State Convention, and continues still in the 
office. He has been a director of the Convention 




JUDGE OLIVER HAZARD PERRY GARRETT. 

since 1850, and a trustee of Baylor Female College 
from the date of its charter. In the mean time he 
has been an active farmer, a successful land sur- 
veyor, and he has served one or two terms as chief 
judge of the county. Few Baptists in Texas have 
been in labors so steady and abundant. lie is now 
an active deacon of Brenham church, ready for 
every good word and work. Two sons are at the 
bar, and one a student at Louisville for the ministry, 
all Baptists, and his two daughters are Baptists and 
married to Baptists. 

Garrott, Col. Isham W., was born in Wake 
Co., N. C, in 1816 ; educated at Chapel Hill ; came 
to Alabama and settled in Greenville ; moved to 
Marion in 1840 ; baptized in 1846 ; a distinguished 
lawyer; twice represented Perry County in the 
State Legislature ; a Presidential elector in 1860 ; 
colonel of the 20th Ala. Regiment ; killed at Vicks- 
burg, June 17, 1863. His convictions were strong. 
lie avowed them fearlessly and carried them out 
honestly. He was remarkable for his industry, 
uprightness, temperance, and courage ; a consistent 
member of the church ; liberal in the support of 
his church and of every worthy enterprise; unos- 
tentatiously kind to the poor ; a warm friend of 
education ; a trustee of Howard College at the time 
of his death and for many years previous. 

Gartside, Deacon Benjamin, was born in Eng- 



land, May 26, 1794. His parents were members of 
the Baptist church of Ogden. Like his father he 
became a manufacturer in his native land. He 
came to this country in 1831. He first settled at 
Blockley, then at Manayunk, and finally, in 1852, 
at Chester, Pa. He has been greatly prospered in 
his business, and in his financial transactions he 
has an unsullied reputation. 

He was baptized in 1839, and united with the 
Blockley church. When the First Baptist church 
of Chester was organized, in 1869, he became one 
of its constituent members. He gave more than 
half the money needed to pay for the erection of 
the new meeting-house, and he presented the par- 
sonage as a-free gift to the church. In his relations 
with the people of God he has always been the 
warm friend of the pastor. He began in early life 
to give to the Saviour's cause, and this spirit has 
grown with his means and years ; he is a large- 
hearted benefactor of every department of our de- 
nominational work. 

He is characterized by deep humility, sincere 
piety, an exalted sense of business -integrity, and 
an abiding interest in the triumph of the Redeem- 
er's kingdom. 

Gaston, Rev. R., was bom in England, Oct. 23, 
1841, and came to America with his parents at the 
age of ten years. At seventeen years of age he 
entered the City Flouring Mills of Des Moines, 
Iowa, and continued in that business for five years. 
During this time he was converted, and united with 
the First Baptist church of Des Moines. In 1864 
he entered ShurtlefF College to prepare himself for 
the ministry. He graduated at the Baptist Union 
Theological Seminary of Chicago in 1871. He was 
settled at Winterset, Iowa. He afterwards took 
charge of the church at Waterloo, Iowa, where he 
still preaches. During this pastorate of six years 
many have been baptized. The church has grown 
numerically, financially, and spiritually, and is 
now one of the largest Baptist churches in the 
State. They are at present engaged in the erection 
of a church edifice, which when completed will be 
one of the finest in Iowa. 

Gates, Rev. Alfred, was bom in Granville, 
N. Y., Sept. 22, 1803; became a teacher; studied 
for the ministry at Hamilton Literary and Theo- 
logical Institution, New York ; ordained in Willi" 
mantic. Conn., in 1831 ; settled with the Baptist 
church in Preston, Conn., and with various churches, 
always with favor and success ; something of an 
evangelist ; ardent promoter of domestic, home, and 
foreign missions; died at Lake's Pond, Montville, 
Conn., Jan. 30, 1875, aged seventy-three years; 
a man very useful, and universally beloved. 

Gates, Rev. George E., was born at Malvern 
Square, Annapolis Co., Nova Scotia. He gradu- 
ated from Acadia College in 1873, and soon after 



GATES 



GAUNT 



was ordained as pastor at Liverpool, Nova Scotia, 
where he usefully labored until his acceptance of 
the pastorate of the Baptist church at Moncton, 
New Brunswick, June, 1880. 

Gates, Rev. Oliver "W., was born Feb. 24, 1830, 
at Preston, New London Co., Conn ; converted at 
the age of twelve ; baptized into the Preston church. 
Rev. N. E. Shailer pastor ; conducted religious meet- 
ings when eighteen ; soon after licensed to preach ; 
entered Literary Institution, SuflBeld, Conn., in 
1849 ; was a student four years, a teacher one ; 
joined the Junior class of Madison University in 
1854 ; graduated in 1856 ; was assistant teacher in 
Hamilton Female Seminary ; spent one year in 
Theological Seminary, meanwhile supplying the 
Baptist church at Whitesborough, N. Y. ; ordained 
Sept. 2, 1857, at Greeneville, Norwich, Conn. ; 
pastor at Greeneville three years; supply at Han- 
son Place, Brooklyn, N. Y., one year : settled at 
Norwalk, Conn., as pastor, in 1861 ; remained there 
until 1873 ; removed that year to San Diego Cal., 
and served the San Diego church seven years. 
During his Norwalk ministry, spent part of one 
winter at Jacksonville, Fla., and assisted the church 
there. Mr. Gates has written several papers for 
the Missionary Magazine, sermons and a variety of 
articles in religious papers, " Glimpses of San 
Diego," a poera ; "The Independence of Baptist 
Churches,"' "'The Test; or. Have I the Spirit of 
Missions?" 

At Norwalk was a member of the Board of Edu- 
cation, and for some years was secretary of the 
Norwalk and vicinity Bible Society. He is one of 
the most devout, earnest, and universally beloved 
of all the Baptist ministers on the Pacific coast. 
His wife is a highly gifted lady, thoroughly conse- 
crated to Christ, and has charge of the Point Loma 
Seminary for young ladies, of which she is the 
founder. 

Gaulden, Rev, C. S., pastor at Thomasville, 
Ga., was born in Liberty County, May 1, 1812, and 
was educated at Franklin College, now the State 
University, Athens. He professed faith, and was 
baptized by Rev. James Shannon, in 1826. He 
studied law and practised the profession twenty 
years, then was ordained, and began to preach 
about 1845, at Lumpkin. In 1859 he moved to 
Brooks County, organized the Baptist church at 
Quitman, and was its first pastor. He is now 
pastor at Thomasville, where he resides. Tall, and 
spare in form, earnest and straightforward in 
preaching, and rather vehement in manner, Mr. 
Gaulden is a man of influence and usefulness. For 
seven years he has been the moderator of the 
Mercer Association. He is a sound Baptist in 
doctrines and piety. 

Gaunt, Mrs, Elizabeth, lived in London, Eng- 
land, in the dark days of wicked King James II. 



Mrs. Gaunt was a member of a Baptist church, and 
a lady of great benevolence. She was accustomed 
to visit the jails, and to relieve the wants of the 
victims of persecution of every oppressed denomi- 
nation. Her reputation for generous acts was the 
cause of her martyrdom. The cruel king was 
greatly enraged that rebels against his authority 
should meet with a protecting roof and a little food 
from any of his subjects ; and he resolved to be 
more severe to those who showed kindness to his 
outlawed enemies than to the traitors themselves. 
A rebel named Burton, hearing of the charitable 
deeds of Mrs. Gaunt, sought and found shelter and 
food in her house ; but, learning the anger of the 
king against those who treated his enemies with 
humanity, with a depth of baseness seldom ex- 
hibited by the most abandoned of our race, he went 
and denounced Mrs. Gaunt to the authorities. She 
was seized and tried, and without the required 
number of witnesses was illegally condemned, and 
cruelly burned to death. She placed the straw 
around her at the stake so that she would be 
speedily reduced to ashes, and she behaved so 
gently, and yet so courageously, that " all the 
spectators were melted into tears." According to 
Bishop Burnet, she said to the spectators " that 
charity was a part of her religion, as well as faith. 
This, at worst, was the feeding of an enemy ; so 
she hoped she had her reward with him for whose 
sake she did this service, how unworthy soever the 
person was that made so ill a return for it. She 
rejoiced th/it God had honored her to be the first 
that suffered by fire in this reign; and that her 
suffering was a martyrdom for that religion which 
was all love." She perished at Tyburn, Oct. 23, 
1685. No doubt her holy blood was one of the 
powerful causes which summoned down the ven- 
geance of heaven on the guilty king, and which 
sent him from his throne and country a crownless 
and cowardly fugitive. A writer familiar with the 
character of Mrs. Gaunt says, " She stood most de- 
servedly entitled to an eternal monument of honor 
in the hearts of all sincere lovers of the Reformed 
religion. All true Christians, though in some 
things differing in persuasion from her, found in 
her a universal charity and sincere friendship, as 
is well known to many here, and also to a multi- 
tude of the Scotch nation, ministers and others, 
who, for conscience' sake, were thrust into exile by 
the rage of bishops. She dedicated herself with 
unwearied industry to provide for their support, 
and therein I do incline to think she outstripped 
every individual, if not the whole body of Protest- 
ants, in this great city [London]. Hereby she was 
exposed to the implacable fury of the bloody Papists, 
and of those blind tools who co-operated to pro- 
mote their .accursed designs ; and so there appeared 
little diflSculty to procure a jury, as there were well- 



GEAR 



GEORGIA 



prepared judges, to make her a sacrifice, as a traitor, 
to holy church." 

Treacherous Burton must have set a high esti- 
mate upon the value of his life, vs'hen he was ready 
to offer this noble woman as a burned sacrifice for 
it. But long since in the eternal world he has 
learned that the preservation of the most precious 
life on earth is not worth one wicked act. 

Gear, Rev. H. L., son of Rev. Hiram Gear, was 
born at Marietta, 0., Dec. 1, 1842 ; graduated from 
Marietta College in 1862, and remained one year 
after as tutor ; July 6, 1863, married Miss Cornelia, 
daughter of Judge P. Van Clief, of California ; 
removed to California and practised law seven years 
in partnership with Judge Van Clief. In 1870 re- 
turned to Marietta, where he entered into law part- 
nership with Hon. T. W. Ewart. In August, 1872, 
was ordained as pastor of the Newport and Valley 
churches. In July, 1875, became pastor of the 
church at Norwalk, 0., and in February, 1876, was 
chosen corresponding secretary and superintendent 
of missions by the Ohio Baptist State Convention, 
which position he still holds. 

Mr. Gear has published in the Journal and Mes- 
senger an extended reply to Dale's " Classic Bap- 
tism." The Publication Society has issued a treatise 
from his pen on " The Relation of Baptism to the 
Lord's Supper." He has also published various 
articles, sermons, and addresses. He is a thoughtful 
and earnest man, and is much esteemed for his 
work's sake. 

General Baptists. See English Baptists. 

Georgetown College, located at Georgetown, 
Scott Co., Ky., is the fifth Baptist university, in 
order of time, on the Western continent, and the 
first west of the Alleghanies and south of the Po- 
tomac. It was chartered by the Kentucky Legisla- 
ture in 1829. On the 2d of September of that year 
Dr. Wm. Stoughton was elected to its presidency, 
but died before he reached Georgetown. In June 
of the next year Dr. Joel S. Bacon was elected 
president. The " Disciples" had just seceded from 
the Baptists in Kentucky, and were making a most 
determined and persistent effort to get possession 
of the college. After being perplexed and annoyed 
by lawsuits two years, Dr. Bacon resigned. The 
presidential chair remained vacant about four years, 
when, in 1836, Rev. B. F. Farnsworth was ap- 
pointed to the position, but the controversy about 
the property, or rather the prerogatives of the col- 
lege, still continued, and he resigned within a few 
months. In 1838, Rev. Rockwood Giddings was 
elected president, and within one year secured to 
the Baptists the peaceable possession of their col- 
lege and a subscription of $80,000 towards an en- 
dowment, when he died. In 1840, Rev. Howard 
Malcom, D.D., was elected president, and served 
ten years, dui-ing which period the college was 



prosperous. He was succeeded by Rev. Dr. J. L. 
Reynold, who conducted the institution two years 
and resigned. Rev. D. R. Campbell, D.D., LL.D., 
became president in 1853. Under his management 
the college was prosperous in a high degree until 
the breaking out of the civil war, when its opera- 
tions were again seriously embarrassed. In 1865, 
Dr. Campbell died, and was succeeded by Rev. Dr. 
N. M. Crawfoi'd. He presided over it for five years, 
when he resigned, and, in 1871, Rev. B. Manly, D.D., 
was chosen president. The course of the college 
was even and harmonious during his eight years' 
administration. In June, 1880, Dr. Manly having 
resigned. Rev. R. M. Dudley, D.D., was elected 
president. The college grounds and buildings are 
valued at $75,000, and its invested funds at $80,000. 
Since the college was established over 2000 students 
have been matriculated, and more than 200 of these 
have become ministers of the gospel. 

Georgia Baptist, The, a weekly newspaper, 
published at Augusta, Ga., as the organ of the 
colored Baptists of Georgia, and under the auspices 
of the Missionary Baptist Convention (colored) of 
Georgia. It advocates Baptist principles, minis- 
terial education, Sunday-schools, missions at home 
and abroad, and the temperance cause. It was 
commenced in 1880, and is a handsome four-page 
paper, ably edited by Rev. W. J. AVhite, of Au- 
gusta, Ga. 

Its existence manifests great zeal and intelligence 
among the colored Baptists in Georgia. Its editor 
is its business manager, and he says editorially, 
and it deserves to go on record, " We have tried 
to so manage the pecuniary part of the business 
as to have no failure, and we feel safe in saying 
that we consider the life of the Georgia Baptist now 
assured. We have bought and paid for the outfit 
of our oflice, and have as good material as there is 
in any printing-office in the State. We have a 
colored printer to superintend the work on our 
paper, and we have young colored men as com- 
positors." 

Georgia, Baptist Banner of, is a weekly paper 

published at Gumming, J. M. Wood and J. J. Mor- 
ris, editors and proprietors. It was originated by 
the latter in the fall of 1876, and he became its 
chief editor in January, 1880. During its existence 
it has secured a good circulation. It is a paper of 
pronounced Baptist views, and reaches a large pop- 
ulation of Baptists in Northeast Georgia. 

Georgia Baptist Convention, History of.— 

In the year 1800 the Georgia Association met at 
Sardis, Wilkes Co., and adopted a resolution ap- 
pointing a meeting at Powelton, in May, 1801, to 
consult in regard to mission work. The meeting 
was held, and the Association was advised to form 
a missionary society. This was approved by the 
Association, which appointed another meeting in 



GEORGIA 



GEORGIA 



May, 1802, for consultation as to the proper steps 
to be taken. That meeting also recommended a 
General Committee to be appointed, to consist of 
three members of each Association. This was ap- 
proved by the Associations of the State, and dele- 
gates were sent in May, 1803, and they elected a 
committee. The delegates appointed by the Georgia, 
Savannah, Hephzibah, and Sarepta Associations 
met again at Powelton, and chose a General Com- 
mittee of twelve, as follows : Jesse Mercer, Henry 
Holcombe, Lewis C. Davis, James Matthews, A. 
Marshal], Charles 0. Screven, Thomas Rhodes, Ben- 
jamin Brooks, Benjamin Moseley, Stephen Gafford, 
Joseph Clay, and Thomas Polhill. Henry Hol- 
combe was made president, Jesse Mercer vice-presi- 
dent, T. Polhill secretary, and B. S. Screven treas- 
urer, and a constitution was adopted. This com- 
mittee continued for ten years, and was highly 
useful. It was the germ of the Georgia Baptist 
Convention. During its existence, besides encour- 
aging mission work, it established and, in 1806, 
opened Mount Enon Academy, fourteen miles south- 
west of Augusta, mainly through the exertions of 
Henry Holcombe, sustained ably by Judge Clay, 
Jesse Mercer, and Joel Early, Sr., a committee 
appointed to act as agents by the General Com- 
mittee. It passed out of existence in 1813, during 
the war, but was in a manner revived, through the 
influence and action of the Savannah Association. 
That Association organized a missionary society, 
called " The Savannah Baptist Society for Foreign 
Missions," under the form of a standing committee 
for missions in 1813, and, in 1814, sent a messenger 
bearing the constitution and a circular of this so- 
ciety to the Georgia Association, which met at 
Powelton, October 8. Jesse Mercer presented and 
read the circular and constitution, and the result 
was the formation, next year, 1815, of a strong 
missionary society in the Georgia Association, with 
a large amount in its treasury, and the name 
of " Mission Board of the Georgia Association" 
was given in 1816. The Ocmulgee and Ebenezer 
Associations followed the example of the Georgia, 
and in 1820 the three Associations united to send a 
missionary among the Creek Indians. A mission 
was established among the Cherokee Indians in 
North Georgia also, and a flourishing church was 
constituted and maintained there. In 1820, Dr. 
Adiel Sherwood offered a resolution in the Sarepta 
Association, through Charles J. Jenkins, the clerk, 
recommending to the Associations of the State the 
formation of a " General Baptist Association." 
Delegates appointed by the Georgia and Ocmulgee 
Associations met at Powelton, Hancock Co., and 
on the 27th of June, 1822, adopted a constitution 
drafted and supported by Wm. T. Brantly, the 
elder. Thus was formed and constituted the Gen- 
eral Baptist Association of Georgia, which name, 
29 



in 1828, was changed to " Baptist Convention of 
the State of Georgia." Its specific objects are: 

" 1. To unite the influence and pious intelli- 
gence of Georgia Baptists, and thereby to facilitate 
their union and co-operation. 2. To form and 
encourage plans for the revival of experimental 
and practical religion in the State and elsewhere 

3. To aid in giving effect to useful plans of thii 
several Associations. 4. To afford an opportunity 
to those who may conscientiously think it their 
duty to form a fund for the education of pious 
young men, who may be called by the Spirit and 
their churches to the Christian ministry. 5. And 
to promote pious, useful education in the Baptist 
denomination." 

The Convention had many difficulties to contend 
with at first, and for years the opposition to it was 
exceedingly bitter, but it gradually gained strength 
and efficiency, and so increased the number of its 
constituents, that at present it embraces thirty- 
seven Associations, besides various mission societies. 
As a mission body it sent delegates to the Triennial 
Convention, until the division in 1845. Since that 
time it has always been represented in the Southern 
Baptist Convention, and has been a liberal sup- 
porter of the mission work engaged in by its two 
boards. It has fostered education strongly, and 
has made the instruction of pious young men 
called to the ministry one of its leading objects. 
By the liberality of its early founders Mercer Uni- 
versity has been established and sustained, and 
several high schools under its auspices are con- 
ferring great benefits upon the young of both 
sexes. 

Georgia Baptist Seminary, The, for young 

ladies, is situated in the town of Gainesville, Hall 
Co., Ga. This institution arose from a desire on 
the part of the friends of education to establish a 
large female university in Georgia. The matter 
was broached in the Georgia Baptist Convention, 
and a committee of twenty was appointed to choose 
a location for it. In 1877, when the Convention 
met at Gainesville, as that town offered $25,000 to 
aid the enterprise, it was selected as the home of 
the institution. AVork was commenced on July 

4, 1878, and on the 11th of September following 
the school was opened with flattering prospects. 
During the first year of its existence it had in at- 
tendance 94 pupils, and during the second year 125. 
It has a full corps of experienced and popular 
teachers, and is presided over by Rev. Wm. C. 
Wilkes, an able educator. 

Georgia Baptists, History of.— -It is a histori- 
cal fact that Baptists, whose descendants now dwell 
in Georgia, came over in the same ship with Ogle- 
thorpe, when he settled the province in 1733. 
Among the earliest settlers were Wm. Calvert, Wm. 
Slack, Thomas Walker, William Dunham, and a 



GEORGIA 



GEORGIA 



gentleman named Polhill, a well-known Baptist 
name in Georgia at the present time. These prob- 
ably united with some of the converts of Nicholas 
Bedgewood and formed a branch of the Charleston 
Baptist church at Whitefield's Orphan House, nine 
miles below Savannah. Nicholas Bedgewood, an 
Englishman, came over with Whitefield about 1751, 
and was put in charge of the Orphan House. He 
was converted to Baptist sentiments in 1757, and 
joined the church at Charleston, being baptized by 
Rev. Oliver Hart, the pastor. Two years after this 
he was ordained, and in 1763 he baptized several 
converts among the officers and inmates of the Or- 
phan House. Among these was Benjamin Stirk, 
who became a minister and settled at Newington, 
eighteen miles above Savannah, in 1767. He 
preached in his own house, and at Tuckasuking, 
about forty miles north of Savannah, where he 
constituted a branch of the church at Euhaw, S. C. 
with which he had connected himself, there being 
no Baptist church in Georgia. He died in 1770. 
The following year Edmund Botsford, from England, 
converted in Chai'leston, and a licentiate of the 
Baptist church there, sent out as a domestic mis- 
sionary, came over from Euhaw, S. C, at the call 
of the Tuckasuking brethren. He began in June, 
1771, a ministerial career of most zealous useful- 
ness in Georgia, which continued without intermis- 
sion for eight years. Ordained in 1773, he preached 
all over the country from Augusta to Savannah, 
baptized 148 persons, organized the Botsford church 
twenty-five or thirty miles below Augusta, and laid 
the foundations of future churches. Having em- 
braced the American cause in the Revolutionary 
struggle, he fled first to South Carolina and then to 
Virginia, when, in the spring of 1779, Georgia was 
conquered by the British. This was the second 
source from which Baptist principles found an en- 
trance into the State ; a third was still farther 
northward. 

In January, 1771, Rev. Daniel Marshall, an or- 
dained Baptist minister of great piety, zeal, and 
ability, originally from Connecticut, moved into 
Georgia from South Carolina with his family, and 
settled on Kiokee Creek, about twenty miles north- 
west of Augusta. In the spring of 1772 he organ- 
ized the. Kiokee church there, the first Baptist 
church constituted in Georgia. Botsford church, 
formed the following year by Edmund Botsford, 
was the second. Daniel Marshall continued pastor 
of the Kiokee church until his death, in 1784, 
being succeeded by his son, Abraham Marshall, 
who was succeeded in turn by his son, Jabez P. 
Marshall, in 1819. 

In 1784 the first Baptist Association, known as 
the Georgia, was formed in the State, probably at 
Kiokee church. At that time there were but six or 
eight Baptist churches in Georgia, and it is prob- 



able that the following were the original constituent, 
churches of the body : Kiokee, Red Creek (now 
Abilene), Little Brier Creek, Fishing Creek, and 
Upton's Creek. To these were added next year 
Phillip's Mills and Whatley's Mills (now Be- 
thesda). The principal ministers at that time were 
Abraham Marshall, Silas Mercer, Sanders "Walker, 
Peter Smith, Lovelace Savidge, William Franklin, 
and Alexander Scott. The growth of the Associa- 
tion, which at that time embraced the whole de- 
nomination, was very rapid. In 1788 the churches 
numbered 31 ; in 1790 they numbered 32, with 
2877 members, and 20 ministers, 17 of whom were 
ordained ; and in 1792 the number of churches had 
increased to 56, scattered over a wide scope of. 
country, some of them being in South Carolina, 
In 1794 the churches which were in the southern 
part of the Association were dismissed to form tli& 
Ilephzibah Association, the second formed in the 
State. About this time the churches in South Car- 
olina were dismissed also. In 1798 other churches 
obtained letters of dismissal, and formed, in 1799, 
the Sarepta Association. Notwithstanding all these 
withdrawals, the Georgia Association still contained 
52 churches in 1810, when all south of the Oconee 
petitioned to be dismissed. These were constituted 
into the Ocmulgee Association, the third formed 
directly from the Georgia. The Savannah River 
Association had been organized in 1803 ; there 
were now five Associations in the State. 

The early ministers of the denomination, im- 
pelled by a burning desire to preach the gospel, 
went everywhere proclaiming the Word, and the- 
Lord blessed their work greatly. Again and again 
great and general revivals of religion swept over 
the State in consequence of their faithful preaching. 
In 1802 not less than 3345 new converts were 
added to the four Baptist Associations of the State. 
In 1812-13 over 1200 were baptized in the Sarepta. 
Association alone, and a great blessing descended 
upon the entire State. In 1827 a memorable and 
most remarkable revival of religion commenced in. 
Eatonton under the preaching of Adiel Sherwood, 
and resulted in the addition of not less than 15,000' 
or 20,000 to the Georgia Baptist churches. More 
than 5000 baptisms were reported that year in. 
three Associations, — the Georgia, theOcmulgee, and 
the Flint River. After a sermon preached in the- 
open air by Dr. Adiel Sherwood at Antioch church, 
in Morgan County, during which the Holy Spirit 
gave him uncommon liberty, 4000 persons came 
forward for prayer, and for fifteen years afterwards 
personswho joined the Antioch and other churches; 
referred to that sermon and time as the cause and. 
date of their conversion. 

A new and, in general, a more cultivated clas» 
of ministers, and, perhaps, not one whit behind the-, 
former genei-ation in zeal and piety, next appeared j. 



GEORGIA 



GEORGIA 



and from that day to the present, the ministers, as 
a class, having better opportunities for education, 
have kept pace with the advancing intelligence of 
the age. Many of the Georgia Baptists, in their 
associational and conventional action, have mani- 
fested an ardent desire to promote the cause of 
missions in the world, and of education in the de- 
nomination. 

Their organization for mission work extends back 
to the beginning of the century, while their efforts 
to promote education have resulted in the estab- 
lishment and maintenance of one first-class univer- 
sity, two large high schools for young men, six col- 
leges for young ladies, all of high grade, and one 
high school for the young of both sexes. These in- 
stitutions have real estate and endowments worth 
at least $480,000. They have unflinchingly, and 
from the earliest period, shown themselves opposed 
to all union of church and state, the friends of en- 
tire religious liberty and of human rights. It was 
owing to a protest of the Georgia Association, in 
1785, presented by Silas Mercer and Peter Smith, 
that the State Legislature repealed a law, then re- 
cently enacted, " giving two pence per pound to 
the minister chosen by any thirty families, for his 
support, to be paid out of the State treasury." At 
that time the Baptist denomination was largely in 
the ascendancy in point of numbers in the State ; 
its ministers M'cre the most numerous, and, conse- 
quently, the largest amount of the State grant 
would have come to them. 

It was owing to a petition drawn up by Dr. 
H. H. Tucker, and presented to the State Legisla- 
ture, in 1863, signed by a number of distinguished 
Baptists, that the following section in the new code 
was immediately repealed : " It shall be unlawful for 
any church, society, or other body, or any persons, 
to grant any license or other authority to any slave, 
or free person of color, to preach or exhort, or other- 
wise officiate in church matters." The principal 
plea made was that the section was a violation of 
religious liberty, to which the Baptists of the State 
•would never submit. 

At its session in 1864, the Georgia Association 
adopted the following resolution unanimously ; it 
is condemnatory of the practice of separating hus- 
band and wife, which sometimes occurred during 
the slavery era : 

" Resolved, That it is the firm belief and convic- 
tion of this body that the institution of marriage 
was ordained by Almighty God for the benefit of 
the whole human race, without respect to color; 
that it ought to be maintained in its original purity 
among all classes of people in all countries and in 
all ages till the end of time ; and that, consequently, 
the law of Georgia, in its failure to recognize and 
protect this relationship between our slaves, is es- 
sentially defective, and ought to be amended." 



This resolution, also, was drawn up and offered by 
Dr. Henry II. Tucker. 

In 1794, in the Georgia Association, which met 
at Powell's Creek meeting-house (now Powelton), 
Hancock Co., a memorial to the Legislature, that a 
law be made to prevent the future importation of 
slaves, was presented, read, and approved, and or- 
dered to be signed by the moderator and clerk. 
Henry Gray bill and James Sims were appointed to 
present the memorial to the Assembly. Abraham 
Marshall was moderator, and Peter Smith clerk. 

In general, when a course of action has been de- 
cided, the Baptists of Georgia are harmonious. In 
regard to church order they are very strict, and in 
doctrine they are strongly Calvinistic. 

The progress and growth of the denomination 
will perhaps be best exhibited by the following 
statistical table, which, though only approximately 
correct, is rather under than over the true figures : 



Year. 
1788.. 
1790.. 
1794.. 
1812.. 
1824.. 
1829.. 
1832.. 
1835.. 



Churches. Ministers. Memhers. Associations. 
..32 31 2,877 1 



103 


109 


14,761 


5 


264 


145 


18,108 


111 


356 


20O 




16 


509 


225 


38,382 


18 


583 


298 


41,810 


22 


672 


319 


48,302 


43 


771 


464 


58,388 


46 


847 


613 


65,231 


50 


996 


786 


84,022 


65 


1218 


831 


115,198 


70 


2663 


1563 


219,726 


83 



Of these, there are 27 Associations with 912 
churches, 700 ministers, and 98,000 church mem- 
bers, who are colored Baptists. Of the remainder, 
about 10,000 are anti-mission, leaving the approxi- 
mate number of white Baptists friendly to missions 
112,000. 

Accoi'ding to its report the State Mission Board 
of the Georgia Baptist Convention employed, during 
the last Convention year, twenty-four missionaries, 
for all or a part of the year, four of whom were 
colored. The present year it is- employing about 
the same number, of whom five are colored. The 
Rehoboth Association sustains J. S. Morrow, white, 
as a missionary in the Indian Territory, and he has 
the guidance and supervision of many churches 
which have pastors. 

Georgia, Cherokee Baptist Convention of. 

— On the 23d of November, 1854, a number of 
brethren appointed by the Middle Cherokee and 
Coosa Baptist Associations met at Cassville, Ga., 
to form an organization to take charge of the 
Cherokee Baptist College at Cassville. There were 
present John Crawford, J. W. Lewis, A. W. Buford, 
A. R. "Wright, and Z. Edwards from the Middle 
Chei-okee Association, and E. Dyer, W. Newton, 
J. M. Wood, C. H. Stillwell, W. S. Battle, and S. 
W. Cochran, from the Coosa Association. G. W. 
Tumlin from the Tallapoosa Association, and N. 
M. Crawford, J. S. Murray, Wm. Martin, J. D. 



GEORGIA 



GEORGIA 



Collins, T. G. Barron, J. H. Rice, H. S. Crawford, 
and M. J. Crawford, were also present, and were 
invited to take seats and assist in the deliberations. 
Rev. John W. Lewis was elected moderator, and 
C. H. Stillwell clerk. On motion of C. H. Still- 
well, "A Convention, to be known as the Cherokee 
Georgia Baptist Convention," was organized, and 
a constitution was prepared and adopted. 

The principles upon which the Convention was 
constituted were those " exhibited in the Scriptures, 
and generally received by the Baptist denomina- 
tion of Georgia ;" the specific objects were declared 
to be, " 1. To unite the friends of education, and 
to combine their efforts for the establishment and 
promotion of institutions of learning, where the 
young of both sexes may be thoroughly educated 
on the cheapest practicable terms. 2. To foster 
and cherish the spirit of missions, and to facilitate 
missionary operations in any or every laudable 
way." These objects were afterwards enlarged, and 
were made to include the distribution of the Bible 
and otlier good books, and the education of indigent 
young ministers and orphans. 

There was no money basis to the representation, 
and Associations, churches, and societies approving 
and co-operating, might send messengers. The 
Convention grew to be a strong and useful body, 
very earnest in the advocacy and support of its 
measures, but was broken up entirely by the war. 
In sentiment it was what has been denominated as 
" landmark," generally. The following are the 
names of those who have ofiiciated as president 
during its existence: J. W. Lewis, J. M. Wood, 
Edwin Dyer, and Hon. Mark A. Cooper. 

Among the instrumentalities which this Conven- 
tion put in operation for the promotion of its oper- 
ations was a paper called The Landmark Banner 
and Cherokee Baptist, which it determined to pub- 
lish at its session in Dalton, in the spring of 1859. 

Rev. Jesse M. Wood was selected for editor, and 
the first number was issued at Rome, in October, 
1859. The paper was published in Rome until 
June, 1860, when it was removed to Atlanta, and 
the "Franklin Publishing House" was formed. 
Soon after. Rev. H. C. Homady was added to the 
editorial staff, A. S. Worrell becoming also the 
book editor. The paper had the service of much 
talent, and made itself felt in the denomination, 
being outspoken and very decided in some of its 
views. The war coming on, serious financial em- 
barrassments occurred. The publishing house was 
sold to J. J. Toon, and the paper passed into other 
hands, and finally suspended, crushed out of exist- 
ence by the exigencies of war. Before it expired 
its name was changed to The Banner and Baptist. 

Georgia, Colored Baptists of.— In a work of 
this sort the distinction between white and colored 
Baptists must be preserved, since their organiza- 



tion, history, and operations are at present entirely- 
distinct. 

Previous to and during the war the colored Bap- 
tists were generally members of the white Baptist 
churches, although in many instances they had 
separate houses of worship, and sometimes their 
churches were independent. Their training, dis- 
cipline, and religious worship were supervised by 
the white Baptists, who regarded them strictly as 
members of their churches. They assisted in their 
conferences, sustained their pastors in whole or in 
part, and aided by advice in troublesome cases of 
discipline. In many country churches a part of 
the building was assigned to the colored brethren, 
or else a time for their special services was given to 
them, when the pastor of the white church preached 
to them. No white pastor ever presumed to ignore 
or neglect the colored members. The Associations 
nearly always appointed missionaries to the colored 
people, and in the State Conventions their religious 
wants were sacredly regarded. The result was 
that at the conclusion of the war there was all over 
the South an immense number of colored Baptists, 
many of whom were organized into churches. 
These statements would hold good in regard to the 
Methodists of the South. There was no ecclesias- 
tical separation of the races until after the close of 
the war. The colored Baptists were then " dis- 
missed" from the white churches, generally in a 
formal and regular manner, at their own request, 
and they formed themselves into churches, being 
always advised and assisted when necessary by 
their white brethren. They were also aided by 
them largely in the formation of their Associations 
and Conventions, and in many cases the white 
ministers held Institutes for the instruction of col- 
ored ministers. The consequence in Georgia has 
been that the best feeling exists between the white 
and colored Baptists. The latter are organized 
very much after the manner of the white Baptists, 
and they have exhibited a zeal and intelligence in 
the highest degree commendable. All this, how- 
ever, is largely to be attributed to the training re- 
ceived from the white Baptists, and to the good 
feeling and pleasant relations existing religiously 
between the two races. That the white Baptists 
have not done more for their colored brethren since 
the war has been solely because of inability on 
account of the generally impoverished condition of 
the country. 

ORGANIZATION. 

The colored Baptists of Georgia are formed into 
28 Associations, which contain 875 churches, with 
a membership of more than 108,000. At least half 
of these churches maintain Sunday-schools. The 
Associations send delegates each year to a State 
Convention organized on missionary principles, 
called " The Missionary Baptist Convention of 



GEORGIA 



445 



GERMAN 



Georgia," the main object of which is to organize 
and establish churches and Sunday-schools through- 
out the State and to promote theological education, 
as may be seen by the following : 

" It shall be the object of this Convention — 

" 1. To employ missionaries to travel through 
the waste places of our State and gather the people 
and preach the gospel to them, and aid them in 
every way possible, and especially in organizing 
both churches and Sunday-schools. 

" 2. To establish a theological institute for the 
purpose of educating young men and those who are 
preaching the gospel and have the ministry in view, 
or any of our brothers' sons that sustain a good 
moral character, and to procure immediately some 
central place in Georgia for the establishment of 
the same." 

Auxiliary to and a part of this State Convention 
is the " Missionary Baptist Sunday-School Conven- 
tion," which is actually a separate body, though 
composed of the members of the State Convention, 
and governed by the same rules. It is well officered 
and is a very efficient body, and it is doing a good 
work in establishing Sunday-schools. Its last re- 
port embraces over 200 schools, containing nearly 
1000 teachers and 14,000 scholars, which raised 
during the year §321. 61. 

The school at Atlanta for the education of col- 
ored ministers is doing a noble work for a large 
number of students, and through them for the 
numerous churches to which they shall minister. 

Georgia Female College, which is situated in 

Madison, Morgan Co., Ga., 104 miles from Augusta 
and 67 from Atlanta, was incorporated by an act 
of the Legislature of Georgia on the 25th of Jan- 
uary, 1850. At that time it was known as " Mad- 
ison Collegiate Institute," but soon afterwards the 
board of trustees, by a legislative amendment, 
changed the name to "Georgia Female College." 
The institution was founded under the auspices of 
the Baptists, and the men mainly instrumental in 
establishing it were residents of Madison. George 
Y. Browne was called to the care of the institute 
in 1850, and assumed the presidency of the college 
in 1851, afterwards ably and successfully conduct- 
ing its operations for ten consecutive years. In 
1861 he removed to Alabama, but in 1870 returned 
to Madison and again accepted the presidency, 
which declining health compelled him to resign in 
1878. As an instructor Geo. Y. Browne had no 
superior and but few equals, and those who en- 
joyed the benefit of his instruction received no 
superficial education. 

Besides Mr. Browne, other distinguished men 
have as its presidents done honor to the institution. 
Notably among them may be named Rev. I. R. 
Branham, D.D., whose cultivated mind and heart 
left an indelible impress on all who came under his 



charge. Prof. A. S. Towns, of South Carolina, 
was also president for a brief period, and gave per- 
fect satisfaction to his patrons. R. T. Asbury, late 
president of Monroe Female College, now has 
charge of this noble institution, having lately as- 
sumed the position. He has a widely extended 
reputation as a thorough and successful teacher, 
and is aided by an able corps of assistants. The 
main college building is a large and well-arranged 
brick edifice, situated in a beautiful grove, and pre- 
senting an attractive appearance. The college has 
a fine philosophical apparatus. The president of 
the board of trustees is Col. John B. Walker, a 
distinguished Baptist layman, who aided so largely 
in establishing the institution. The secretary and 
treasurer of the college is Rev. Samuel A. Burney, 
son of T. J. Burney, the former secretary and 
treasurer, who was also one of the warmest friends 
of the college. Perhaps no female college in the 
State has sent out more well-educated young ladies 
than this one. 

German Baptist Publication Society.— This 

society was organized by the German Baptists in 
the United States andOntai-lo at the Triennial Con- 
ference held atWilmot, Ontario, in 1866. It owed 
its origin to a deep conviction that the press should 
be more extensively used in disseminating Baptist 
principles among the Germans in this land. For 
some years previous to this there had been pub- 
lished a monthly paper, first under the editorship 
of Rev. K. A. Fleischmann, and subsequently under 
that of Rev. A. Henrich. This paper was adopted 
by the new society, and Rev. P. W. Bickel was 
appointed its editor and at the same time secretary 
of the society. The society progressed slowly for 
five years, when, through the activity of Rev. P. 
"W. Bickel, a capital was raised for the more exten- 
sive prosecution of the work. Mr. J. T. Burg- 
hardt, a member of the German church at Louis- 
ville, Ky., proved himself a noble helper at the 
right time. He offered to give to the society a cash 
donation of §2000 on condition that the German 
churches would make up an equal sum. The con- 
dition was fully complied with. These donations 
were used in the year 1872 in buying a piece of 
property in Cleveland, 0. A house was erected, 
types, presses, and machinery were bought, books, 
tracts, and papers explaining and defending our 
principles were published and spread broadcast 
over the land. These publications have given ma- 
terial help in spreading Baptist principles among 
the Germans and in increasing the membership. 
In 1874 Der Sendbote, the weekly periodical of the 
society, was enlarged to eight pages. The first ac- 
commodations becoming too small, in 1878 a large 
three-story building was erected at the corner of 
Jayne Avenue and Dayton Street (on a lot donated 
to the society by the Cleveland Baptist Union), 



GERMAN 



GERMAN 



where the business is now carried on, and where 
every facility is had for doing first-class work. 

The society is sending forth its publications into 
many lands. Its weekly and Sunday-school papers 
circulate not only in this country, but also, to some 
extent at least, in Germany, Russia, and Australia, 
and even in South Africa, wherever in these lands 
German emigrants are found. 

The regular publications of the society are Der 
Sendbote, a w-eekly paper, and three monthlies, 
Der Muntere Saemann (The Cheerful Sower), a 
child's paper, Die Sonntagsfreude (Sabbath Joy), 
a lesson paper, and Der Wegweiser (The Guide), a 
monthly tract for general distribution. There are 
also issued from time to time books a.nd pamphlets 
for the use of the German Baptist churches. 

In 1878, Rev. P. W. Bickel, D.D., having been 
sent by the American Baptist Publication Society 
to organize and conduct a Publication Society at 
Hamburg, Germany, Rev. J. C. Haselhuhn was 
elected to fill his place, and is now the chief execu- 
tive officer. 

German Baptists in America. — Rev. K. A. 

Fleischmann was sent by George Miiller, of Bristol, 
England, to preach the gospel to the Germans in 
America. There existed at the time great religious 
destitution among the Germans in the New World. 
Mr. Fleischmann commenced his labors in Newark, 
N. J., where, in October, 1839, the first German con- 
verts were baptized. The believers whom he bap- 
tized were united in an organization for mutual edi- 
fication, yet it seems that a regular Baptist church 
was not formed there until 1849, when this body of 
believers fully accepted the principles of the Regular 
Baptists, and united with the East New Jersey Bap- 
tist Association. Leaving Newark, N. J., Mr. 
Fleischmann labored successfully in the city of 
Reading, Pa., and especially in Lycoming Co., Pa., 
and then removed to Philadelphia, where through 
his zealous efforts a church of baptized believers 
was founded in May, 1843. This church was re- 
ceived into the Philadelphia Association in 1848. 
Subsequent to the formation of the church in Phila- 
delphia, regular German Baptist churches were 
formed under the labor of godly men in New York 
in 1846, in Rochester, N. Y., in 1848, in Buffalo in 

1849, in St. Louis, Mo., in 1850, in Chicago, 111., in 

1850, and in Bridgeport, Ont., in 1851. 

In 1851 the number of missionaries and churches 
had so far increased that a Conference of pastors 
and churches was formed at Philadelphia, Pa. The 
ministers who attended this first Conference were 
J. Eschmann, K. A. Fleischmann, A. Henrich, A. 
Rauschenbusch, and A. von Puttkammer. A few 
delegates also were in attendance. Letters were 
sent by several missionaries who could not be pres- 
ent. It was indeed a day of small things, but foun- 
dations were laid in faith for the work of the future. 



A hymn-book for the chuVches was projected and 
subsequently published by the American Baptist 
Publication Society. It was felt that a periodical 
was needed for the diffusion of Baptist principles 
among the Germans, and for the successful advance- 
ment of the missionary enterprise in the churches, 
and Rev. K. A. Fleischmann was appointed to edit a 
monthly paper for that purpose. Providentially, in 
the same year a way was opened by which young 
and older men in the churches, who felt themselves 
called to enter the harvest-field, could obtain the 
necessary preparation. A German department had 
been formed in connection with the Rochester Theo- 
logical Seminary. The next annual meeting of the 
Conference, held in Rochester in 1852, proved that 
encouraging progress had been made in every di- 
rection. 

In 1859 the number of the churches had so far 
increased that the Conference was divided into the 
Eastern and the AVestern, comprising the Eastern 
and Western States, each Conference restricting 
its special missionary work to its immediate field. 
Great help in the extension of the work came from 
three causes, — the services which the German theo- 
logical department at Rochester rendered in fur- 
nishing men qualified to be pastors, the timely and 
continued aid and co-operation of the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society and kindred organi- 
zations, and the providential guidance through 
which such men of talent, zeal, and piety as Rev. A. 
Rauschenbusch, A. von Puttkammer, A. Henrich, 
H. Schneider, and a number of others, were led to 
accept Scriptural views concerning baptism. Thus 
faithful men, some of whom had been very useful 
long before they became Baptists, were called into 
this work, and doors of extensive usefulness were 
opened to them. 

The denomination continued to spread, especially 
in the Western States, whither the tide of German 
immigration was moving. Since the separate or- 
ganization of the Western Conference its work has 
extended into the States of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 
Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, 
Nebraska, Ohio, Wisconsin, Oregon, and Texas ; 
and that of the Eastern Conference, though not em- 
bracing so large a territory, has been constantly 
growing. 

It was soon felt that the interests of the German 
cause would be greatly aided by a Triennial Con- 
ference, embracing both Annual Conferences and all 
the churches. The first meeting of the Triennial 
Conference was held in September, 1865, with the 
church at Wilmot, Ontario. Rev. K. A. Fleischmann 
presided, and Revs. J. C. Haselhuhn and J. S. Gubel- 
mannwere appointed secretaries. A German Pub- 
lication Society was formed, the religious periodical 
of the churches changed into a weekly paper, and 
placed under the editorship of Rev. P. W. Bickel. 



GERMAN 



GERMAN 



When the first Conference met in Philadelphia, 
Pa., in 1851, there were in all 8 churches, 8 pastors, 
and 405 membei's. In 1880 there were 4 Confer- 
ences, or Associations, 130 churches, 115 pastors, 
and 9020 members. Counting those who were con- 
verted through the labors of German missionaries 
and who may now be members of English-speaking 
churches, the number of German Baptists must 
exceed 10,000. Considering the special difficulties 
in their way the growth of the German Baptists 
has been steady and cheering. 

Much religious activity is manifested in the Ger- 
man churches. The Sunday-school work is actively 
carried on. The churches sustain a number of 
students preparing for the ministry in the theolog- 
ical school at Rochester, N. Y. They have also 
founded an academy. Their efficient Publication 
Society is disseminating Baptist literature in many 
forms. The German churches contributed in one 
year for the support of the gospel, and for be- 
nevolent purposes, $79,518.44, which is over $9 
per member ; for home missions alone they gave 
$3580.60, which is nearly 44 cents per member. 

In doctrine and practice the German churches 
in this country are in accord with their English- 
speaking brethren ; they generally belong to Eng- 
lish Associations ; their peculiar union as Confer- 
ences being simply for the effective prosecution of 
their special work. 

German. Baptists, or Brethren.— The German 

Baptists first became a distinct body of believers, 
separate from the corrupt elements by which 
they were surrounded, about the year 1708, near 
Schwartzenau, Germany. 

They do not pretend to trace their line of suc- 
cession up to the Apostles. They hold rather to the 
succession of the faith, practices, and rites of the 
Apostolic Church. They believe that the true re- 
ligious succession consists not in personal contact, 
but in association with Jesus Christ, and in obedi- 
ence to him in word and doctrine. 

After their separate permanent organization they 
increased very rapidly. But they did not long enjoy 
prosperity, for the hand of persecution was lifted 
against them, and they were driven, some to Hol- 
land and Friesland, and many, in 1719-1729, to 
America. They established their first church in the 
United States at Germantown, Pa., from which the 
denomination has spread over the Middle, most of 
the Southern, and all of the Western States. 

From 8, that composed the first congregation, 
there have now arisen 100,000 followers of Christ, 
with about 2000 ministers, 26 Annual District, and 
one General Annual Conference, which is composed 
of representatives chosen by the District Confer- 
ences. They control three excellent seminaries, 
which are now doing efficient educational work. 
Successful home and foreign missions have been 



established. The increase of the church of late 
years has been very rapid. 

They have four weekly papers, one monthly 
magazine, and one weekly paper designed for the 
young, and intended to meet the demand of their 
rapidly-increasing Sunday-schools. 

They believe in one true and living God, the 
Creator of the intelligent hosts of earth and heaven, 
of the universe visible and invisible, the omnipo- 
tent and omniscient sustainer and benefactor of all 
things. 

They believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of the 
living God ; that he was and will continue to be 
co-existent with the Father ; that he is divine in his 
attributes ; that he came to this world the incarna- 
tion of God ; that he laid down his life for us, was 
buried, and rose again ; that he ascended to the 
Father, where he is now the advocate of his peo- 
ple ; that it is alone through his meritorious death 
and triumphant resurrection that his people have 
redemption and eternal life; that he will again 
personally come to this earth to gather his elect 
together. 

They believe that the Holy Spirit is a divine 
personage, co-eternal in existence with the Father 
and the Son ; that he was sent into the world to 
convince it of sin, of righteousness, and of judg- 
ment; that he is the guide, the enlightener, and 
the comforter of the people of God. They believe 
that these three divine persons, the Father, the Son, 
and the Holy Spirit, are one God, eternal and om- 
nipotent. 

They believe that the New Testament is the 
word and the will of God revealed through Jesus 
Christ, and by the inspiration of the Spirit through 
the holy Apostles ; that the Old Testament is in- 
spired, and the Scriptures are the only infallible 
rule of faith and practice to which the followers 
of Christ can look, and that they should strictly 
adhere both in letter and in spirit to their teachings. 

They do not practise infant baptism. They be- 
lieve that only pei-sons who are competent to ex- 
ercise intelligent, saving faith in Christ, and who 
repent of sin, are proper subjects of baptism. In 
baptism they are immersionists exclusively. They 
baptize into the name of the Father, and of the 
Son, and of the Holy Ghost, not by one action, but 
by three, thus constituting a triple immersion. 
During the observance of the rite the candidate 
kneels and is dipped face forward, the imposition 
of hands and prayer occurring while the candidate 
still kneels in the water. 

They celebrate the communion of the bread and 
cup, commemorative of the death of Christ, in the 
evening, accompanied by the ancient love-feast. 
During this observance they eat as one family at 
the Lord's table, thus exhibiting a fraternal band 
of Christian believers. 



GERMANY 



448 



GERMANY 



Associated with the communion and Agapse, 
they practise the washing of one another's feet as 
a Christian ordinance, and as a reason for such 
practice they refer to Jno. xiii. 1-17. 

In connection with feet-washing, or while sur- 
rounding the table, they extend the hand of fellow- 
ship and salute one another with the holy kiss. 
—2 Cor. xiii. 12; 1 Pet. v. 14. 

They also when called upon pray over their sick, 
anointing them with oil in the name of the Lord. 
— James v. 14, 15. 

They hold very sacred the non-resistant principles 
of the Apostolic Church. They do not go to war, 
will not bear arms, nor even learn the art of war. 
Neither do they swear the civil or any other oath 
before magistrates or in courts of justice. They 
are noted for their modesty in apparel, plainness 
of speech, and distinguished hospitality. 

Their church polity is not entirely Congrega- 
tional. When differences arise in matters of expe- 
diency which cannot be disposed of satisfactorily 
by the individual community, they are referred to 
the Annual Conference for advice or adjudication. 
Thus they live together in communities, simple and 
harmless, adjusting their misunderstandings not 
by civil law, but by the gospel rule. — Matt, xviii. 
15-17. 

Germany, Saptists in. — The First Baptist 

church in Germany in modern times was consti- 
tuted in Hamburg in 1834. Mr. J. G. Oncken, 
born Jan. 26, 1800, in the town of Varel, grand 
duchy of Oldenburg, Germany, came to England 
in his youth, and was there converted. Manifest- 
ing talent, he was sent back as a missionary to his 
native land in 1823, by a society in Great Britain 
which had been formed with special reference to 
the evangelization of the Continent. He labored 
zealously and effectively, preaching the gospel on 
the shores of the German Ocean, in the cities of 
Hamburg and Bremen, and in East Friesland. 
Everywhere open doors were set before him, and 
many were converted. 

While Mr. Oncken was regularly and successfully 
preaching in Hamburg, the question of believer's 
baptism seems first to have occupied his attention. 
Without any influence from without, simply as a 
result of earnest study of the Scriptures, the con- 
viction gradually grew upon him that the immer- 
sion of believers was the only Scriptural baptism. 
A strong impulse in this direction, however, was 
given him by his intercourse with a Baptist brother 
from America, Capt. Tubbs, a member of the old 
Sansom Street church, in Philadelphia, who was 
for some time an inmate of Mr. Oncken's family, 
and through whom communication between Mr. 
Oncken and the Baptists in America began. 

On the 22d day of April, 1834, in the dead of 
night, Mr. Oncken and six others were baptized by 



Dr. Barnas Sears, then of the Hamilton Literary 
and Theological Institution, in the river Elbe, near 
Hamburg. On the following day the brethren 
were organized into a church. Mr. Oncken was 
soon after this set apart by solemn prayer and the 
laying on of hands to the work of the gospel min- 
istry. In a chamber of Mr. Oncken's former resi- 
dence. No. 7 Englische Planke, may be seen the spot 
where the Baptist church in Hamburg was organ- 
ized, and where Mr. Oncken was set apart as its 
pastor. Here was laid the foundation of a work 
which, under the blessing of God, has extended 
through Germany and adjacent countries. 

The baptism of Mr. Oncken and the founding of a 
Baptist church created a great sensation. The earn- 
est preacher had suffered persecution before he be- 
came a Baptist, while yet in connection with the In- 
dependents, but now persecution rose to its height. 
The constant growth of the little church exasper- 
ated the clergy and the authorities. It was decided 
that this could no longer be tolerated. On a week- 
day evening police-officers came into the meeting 
and drove the members into the street, amidst the 
jubilant shouts of the populace. Mr. Oncken was 
arrested and conveyed to prison, where he was sub- 
jected to the treatment received by the lowest pris- 
oners. After a few days he was tried, convicted, 
and sentenced to an imprisonment of four weeks. 
On other occasions he was fined, and, as his con- 
science did not permit him to pay them, his goods 
were seized and sold. Driven out from their place 
of meeting, the church secured another, where God 
wrought marvelously in their behalf. Through the 
great fire in 1842, and their generosity in offering an 
asylum to the destitute, the power of the persecutor 
was greatly weakened. 

The work thus begun amidst strong persecution 
was destined soon to spread into other cities of Ger- 
many. The numei-ous connections Mr. Oncken had 
formed at the beginning of his evangelistic activities 
in 1823, and also as an agent of the Edinburgh Bible 
Society, naturally made his change of views a matter 
of conversation and consideration in different places. 
Here and there small bands of believers were 
formed who accepted these views as Scriptural, 
and gradually these bands grew into large and in- 
fluential churches. The first instance of this nature 
was the organization of the church in Berlin, 
Prussia, in 1837. In 1830, Mr. Oncken had made 
the acquaintance, in Berlin, of Mr. G. W. Lehmann, 
a steel engraver. The subsequent baptism of Mr. 
Oncken led Mr. Lehmann to a prayerful and pro- 
tracted consideration of the subject. As a result, 
in spite of much opposition and of the severe self- 
denial which such a step would cost, Lehmann and 
a few others felt that it was their duty to be baptized. 
On the 13th day of May, 1837, the first modern bap- 
tism in Prussia took place near Berlin. At three 



GERMANY 



449 



GERMANY 



o'clock in the morning of that day a little group of 
believers passed out of the Stralauer gate to the Kuin- 
melsberger Lake, where, after fervent prayer, Mr. 
Lehmann, his vrife, and four others were immersed 
by Mr. Oncken, at the very time when the first rays of 
the rising sun gilded the skies. On the following day 
Mr. Oncken preached a powerful sermon from John 
xiv. 16. In the afternoon of that day the little church 
of six members was constituted. Mr. G. W. Leh- 
mann was appointed pastor. He assumed this office, 
and supported himself until 1838, when he received 
aid from the American Baptist Missionary Union. 
In 1840, Mr. Lehmann was formally ordained, and 



organized in Copenhagen, but this beginning of the 
work in Denmark was made under severe trials. 
Rev. Peter Moenster, the pastor, was sentenced to 
ten weeks' imprisonment for preaching and admin- 
istering baptism, and then banished. The same 
pastor, with his brother, Rev. Adolph Moenster, 
was afterwards confined in prison for an entire 
year. In the beginning of 1845 there were 17 
preachers and assistants, 26 churches, and nearly 
1500 members. Before 1849 the churches were 
formed into Associations ; these Associations were 
united in a Triennial Conference, the first meeting 
of which was held in Hamburg in January, 1849. 




MISSION CHAPEI 



from that time the Saviour's kingdom began to 
prosper. 

In the year following the organization of the 
church in Berlin, two other churches were founded, 
one in Oldenburg with 13 members, and one in 
Stuttgart, the capital of Wiirtemberg, with 23 mem- 
bers. It seems providential that in each church 
formed there was one among their own number 
capable of preaching the gospel. 

We cannot follow minutely the progress of the 
Baptists in Hesse, Bavaria, Pomerania, Hanover, 
and Southern Germany. Though gradual, and 
amidst continual and often fierce opposition from 
the state church and the authorities, it was a con- 
stant and blessed triumph. In 1839 a church was 



In 1851 there were 32 churches in the German mis- 
sion, including 14 in Prussia, 5 in Denmark, and 2 in 
Switzerland. On the 23d of April, 1859, the church 
in Hamburg celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary. 
" The original seven had grown to seven thousand, 
and stretched across the German states from the 
North Sea to Russia, from the Baltic well-nigh to 
Russia." At the eighth Triennial Conference, 
held in July, 1870, the German Baptists were re- 
ported " to have entered all quarters of the globe." 
They now possess churches or mission stations in 
most of the German states, in Switzerland, Hol- 
land, Denmark, Russia, Poland, Bulgaria, Turkey, 
Austria, and South Africa. In addition to this the 
denomination in Sweden owes its origin in part to 



GESSLER 



GIDDINGS 



the German mission. As early as 1841 the brethren 
in Germany reported a colporteur laboring in Nor- 
way, and in 1851 a church in Sweden with 58 
members. In 1854 two brethren from Sweden were 
baptized in Hamburg and empowered to administer 
baptism to others. Besides, a large number of Ger- 
man Baptists have emigrated to America, and 
helped to increase the membership of the German 
churches here. 

It will thus be seen that the German work from 
the beginning has been eminently of a missionary 
character, and that it has shared to a large extent 
the fostering care of American Baptists. The 
prospects for the future are encouraging. Divisions 
which some years ago seemed destined to retard 
growth have been healed. Pressing needs are 
gradually being supplied. One of these is a theo- 
logical seminary for the adequate training of the 
ministry. Such an institution has just been 
founded, and steps are being taken to place it 
upon a permanent financial basis. Another is the 
preparation and spread of sound Baptist literature. 
For this purpose a Publication Society has been 
formed, the American Baptist Publication Society 
furnishing an able manager and editor in the per- 
son of Rev. P. W. Bickel, D.D. Doors are opening 
far and wide, and if men and means can be fur- 
nished the successes achieved promise to be but the 
small beginnings of a work of wonderful extent 
and power. 

At the close of 1879 there were in Germany 
16,602 members, and the gospel was preached at 
1173 preaching stations. Adding the membership 
in Austria, Denmark, Switzerland, Poland, Russia, 
Turkey, South Africa, — countries to which German 
Baptists have gone, and whose churches are included 
in the German Baptist "Bund," or Union, — the 
total number cannot now be much less than 27,000. 
The increase is certainly cheering. It has been 
observed that since the first church was formed in 
Hamburg, every year but four has witnessed the 
organization of new churches. And yet the work 
is but begun. Millions upon millions have not yet 
been reached. Should not the abundant blessings 
of the past induce Baptists to aid in spreading the 
gospel throughout the whole of Germany ? 

Gessler, Rev. Theodore A. K., A.M., was born 
in Philadelphia, Oct. 16, 1841. He passed through 
the lower grades of the public schools and the High 
School. Subsequently he studied law. He was 
baptized in his native city by Rev. Benj. Grifiith, 
D.D. Under a conviction of duty he abandoned the 
study of law, and entered Lewisburg University to 
prepare for the ministry, and was graduated in 
1864. His first pastorate was at West Farms, N. Y., 
which continued fouryears, during which thechurch 
was greatly strengthened and a new house of wor- 
ship built and paid for. From this charge he went to 



Elizabeth, N. J., and accepted a call from the First 
Baptist church. He remained on that field twelve 
years, during which large accessions were made to 
the church, and a handsome and commodious house 
of worship was built, costing about $60,000. 

In 1874 he was chosen president of the New 
Jersey Sunday-School Union, which ofiice he held 
until his removal from the State. 

On the 1st of January, 1880, he entered upon 
the pastorate of the Central Baptist church' of 
Brooklyn. Mr. Gessler is a zealous worker in the 
church, an interesting speaker, clear-headed, warm- 
hearted, eminently social, and has had unvarying 
success in all his settlements. 

Gibson, Rev. J. G., of Crawfordville, Ga., an 
able and influential Baptist minister, was born 
March 29, 1832, in Morgan Co., Ala., where he 
lived for fifteen years. He removed to Oglethorpe 
Co., Ga., in 1847. He was converted, and united 
with Millstone church in 1850. He studied law in 
Lexington, and when the late civil war commenced 
he was clerk of the Inferior and Superior Courts, 
and also acting ordinary for his county, but re- 
signed to enter the artillery service as lieutenant, 
in which he continued until the war closed. He 
served chiefly in Florida, and was for a time pro- 
vost-marshal and commandant of the post at Talla- 
hassee. After the war he was elected judge of the 
County Court, and held the position two years, but 
resigned that he might devote himself exclusively 
to the ministry. He was ordained in 1865, since 
which time he has served Millstone, Salem, Lex- 
ington, Crawford, and other churches in Oglethorpe 
County. Mr. Gibson is a man of marked ability 
and great strength of character. He is also well 
read, and a persevering student. Perhaps no min- 
ister in Georgia is more beloved by his churches, 
or more honored by the community in which he 
lives. There are few, if any, better preachers in the 
State ; he is logical, earnest, and eloquent. An ex- 
cellent organizer, he has trained all his churches in 
systematic benevolence, until they have attained a 
high degree of liberality, never failing to a full per- 
formance of duty, not merely in regard to church 
services, but in all those grand benevolent enter- 
prises in which the denomination is interested. 

Giddings, Rev. Rockwood, was born in New 
Hampshire, Aug. 8, 1812. He joined a Baptist 
church in his youth, and exhibited remarkable 
consecration from that time until his death. After 
a thorough preparatory course of instruction he 
entered Waterville College, graduating in 1833. 
He hesitated as to whether God had called him to 
preach the gospel. He removed to Virginia and 
commenced the study of medicine, and afterwards 
located in Warsaw, Ky. Here he had just com- 
pleted his medical studies when he was impressed 
with a desire to preach the gospel, and accepted or- 



GIDNEY 



GIFFORD 



dination in 1835. He became pastor of the Baptist 
church in Shelbyville, Ky. His success was almost 
marvelous. In the fall of 1838 he was made presi- 
dent of Georgetown College, which at that time 
was without a faculty or an endowment. He 
speedily organized the institution, with a full corps 
of professors, and gathered into it a number of stu- 
dents. He then exerted himself to raise an endow- 
ment, and in eight months he secured $80,000 in 
unconditional notes ; he then attempted to secure 
half that amount in cash, and traveled long jour- 
neys, preaching everywhere as he went. But the 
constant strain was too much for his delicate con- 
stitution, and while preaching, he sank down in 
the pulpit, from which he was carried to Shelby- 
ville, where he died on the 29th of October, 1839. 

Gidney, Angus M., was born in New Bruns- 
wick, May 4, 1803 ; converted and baptized in An- 
napolis Co., Nova Scotia. He is a literary man 
and a poet ; was for many years editor of a secular 
paper in Yarmouth and Bridgetown. Mr. Gidney 
was recently sergeant-at-arms in the House of As- 
sembly in Nova Scotia. 

GiflEbrd, Andrew, D.D., was born in Bristol, 
England, Aug. 17, 1700. He was converted in his 
boyhood, and baptized in his fifteenth year. At 
the academy where he was educated there were 
some students who became noted men afterwards ; 
and among these was Dr. Seeker, who became 
archbishop of Canterbury. 

Mr. Gifford, perhaps about his twenty-fifth year, 
became assistant minister to the Rev. George Eaton, 
of Nottingham. He subsequently sustained for 
two years the same relation to the Rev. Bernard 
Eoskett, of Bristol. On Feb. 5, 1729, he became 
pastor of the church meeting in Little Wild Street, 
London. There was a division in Mr. Gifford's 
community in 1736, which led to the formation of 
a new church by the pastor and a majority of the 
members. Mr. Gifford and his friends erected a 
new meeting-house in Eagle Street, Red Lion 
Square, which was dedicated Feb. 20, 1737. During 
the ministry of Mr. Gifford this house was twice 
enlarged to accommodate the ever-increasing con- 
gregations. 

Mr. Gifford early became celebrated for his ac- 
quaintance with and appreciation of ancient manu- 
scripts and coins. His collection of rare coins was 
the most valuable in Great Britain ; it attracted 
the attention of George II., who purchased it for 
his own cabinet. He became a recognized author- 
ity of national reputation upon subjects of this 
character. He was, of course, a member of the 
Antiquarian Society. 

During a visit to Edinburgh he was honored with 
the freedom of that ancient city. In 1754 the de- 
gree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him 
by Marischal College, Aberdeen. In 1757 he was 



appointed assistant librarian of the British Mu- 
seum. His personal friends, Lord Chancellor 
Hardwicke, Archbishop Herring, Speaker Onslow, 
and Sir Richard Ellys, procured him this impor- 
tant position. He did not permit the duties of 
his place in the Museum to interfere with his p.as- 
toral labors. He had in his new station the best 
opportunity conceivable for increasing his vast 
knowledge, and adding to the list of his distin- 
guished friends. The Marquis of Lothian, the Earl 
of Halifax, Lord Dartmouth, Lord Buchan, and 
others of the nobility were occasionally seen in the 
congregation of Dr. Gifford. 

He was a zealous Baptist, and he permitted no 
aristocratic associations to turn him from the teach- 
ings of the New Testament. He was a firm Cal- 
vinist, and on all proper occasions proclaimed the 
doctrines of grace. He was a warm friend of George 
Whitefield and the Countess of Huntingdon, and 
gloried in seeing souls brought to Jesus. He died 
June 19, 1784. 

Dr. Gifford bequeathed his library, pictures, and 
manuscripts, with a vast collection of curiosities, 
to the Bristol Baptist College. In the library and 
museum of that institution these valuable gifts 
are still to be seen ; and no doubt they will long 
continue to impart instruction to the living, and 
to increase veneration for the learned and saintly 
donor, whose pictures and bequests claim their 
admiration. 

Gifford, Rev. John, was at one time a major in 
the army of Charles I., king of England. In the 
unsettled condition of the times, while in the mili- 
tary service, he became restless, and he attempted 
to create an insurrection in the county of Kent. 
For this act of rebellion he was seized, and, after 
a summary trial, condemned to death. But he 
escaped from prison and fled to Bedford, where in 
safety he followed the medical profession ; and in 
that town he persecuted godly persons with great 
fierceness. 

By the power of Jehovah the heart of the major 
was broken, and he accepted Jesus as his Redeemer. 
He was immersed on a profession of his faith, and 
immediately began to preach. Converts were made 
by the Spirit's blessing upon his ministrations, 
whom he formed into a church about 1650. Of 
this church he became pastor, and he continued its 
under-shepherd till 1671, when he departed this 
life. 

The " three or four poor women" of Bedford 
whose conversation about their sins and their Sa- 
viour first aroused John Banyan to see the nature 
and blessedness of true religion were members of 
Mr. Gifford's church. Their pastor, by his sermons 
and pious counsels, was very useful in leading Bun- 
yan to the Saviour, and it was by Mr. Gifford that 
he was immersed in 1655, when he united with 



GILBERT 



GILL 



the church at Bedford. On the 12th of December, 
1671, just after Mr. Gifford's death, and while Bun- 
yan was still in prison, he was elected Mr. Giflford's 
successor. 
Gilbert, Hon. Joseph B., son of Capt. Joseph 

Gilbert, was born in Middletown, Conn., Oct. 10, 
1787 ; converted about 1805, and united with a Bap- 
tist church ; trained as a merchant with his father; 
in 1811 commenced business in Hartford, and united 
with First Baptist church ; in 1817 was chosen 
deacon ; held various public offices ; elected to the 
State senate ; for several years State treasurer ; a 
long time treasurer of Connecticut Baptist State 
Convention ; trustee of Connecticut Literary In- 
stitution ; of sterling integrity, sound judgment, 
firmness of faith, humility of deportment, and 
marked hospitality ; died June 2, 1857, in his sev- 
entieth year, leaving an honored name. 

Gilbert, Rev. S. B,, the pastor of the Baptist 
church at Normal, 111., was born at Windsor, 
Broome Co., N. Y., Jan. 5, 1819, and was baptized 
at fifteen yeai-s of age into the fellowship of the 
church at Shelby, Orleans Co., N. Y., by his father, 
Eev. Samuel Gilbert, one of the pioneer ministers 
of Southeastern New York. He was ordained 
pastor of the Junius and Tyre Baptist church, 
Seneca Co., in 1846. His subsequent pastorates 
have been at Clyde, N. Y., Marshall, Mich., Men- 
dota. El Paso, Freeport, and Normal, 111. His re- 
moval to Illinois took place in 1855, when he set- 
tled at Mendota, then a small railway town on 
the newly-opened Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 
road. Here he remained fourteen years, the church 
which was in due time organized, growing to a 
membership of 200, and a second house of worship 
being under way as he left for another field. Mr. 
Gilbert is noted among his brethren for his thought- 
ful, judicious sermons, his excellent judgment, his 
steadiness of purpose, and genial, brotherly spirit. 

Giles, Rev. John Eustace, for several years one 
of the most distinguished preachers among the Eng- 
lish Baptists, was the son of the Rev. W. Giles, and 
was born at Dartmouth, April 20, 1805, where his 
father was pastor of the Baptist church. He was 
educated at the well-known school of the Rev. 
James Hinton, at Oxford, and in his twentieth year 
he was baptized and admitted into the church at 
Chatham, of which his father was then pastor. In 
1825 he was entered as a student at Bristol Col- 
lege, and whilst there gave promise of eminent 
usefulness. His first settlement as pastor was at 
Salter's Hall chapel, London, where he remained 
six years. He accepted a pressing call from the 
church at South Parade, Leeds, in 1836, and during 
the next ten years he became a prominent leader 
in public and denominational affairs. In company 
with Dr. Acworth he visited Hamburg on behalf 
of Mr. Oncken and the persecuted Baptists of that 



city, and at a later period he was associated with 
the Rev. Henry Dowson as a deputation to the king 
of Denmark to plead for the Baptists of that coun- 
try. In both cases the results were gratifying, 
although persecution for conscience' sake had not 
wholly ceased. In the Anti-Corn-Law struggle Mr. 
Giles played a prominent part, and during his res- 
idence in Leeds he was immensely popular. After 
his removal from Leeds he labored at Bristol for a 
short period, then for fifteen years at Sheffield ; 
from thence he removed to Rathmines, Dublin, and 
finally settled as pastor of the church at Clapham 
Common, London, which position he held for thir- 
teen years, until his death, June 24, 1875, aged 
seventy. His pulpit talents during his ministry 
at Leeds, in the prime of life, were of the highest 
order. Although he wrote much, he published 
nothing except occasional lectures and sermons. 
His baptismal hymn is a general favorite, and is 
found probably in every modern collection of hymns 
used by Baptists throughout the world, having 
been translated into several languages. It is per- 
haps not universally known that Mr. Giles was the 
author. No one can question that it has the ring 
of true poetry as well as of sound Baptist senti- 
ments : 

" Hast thou said, exalted Jesus, 
Take thy cross and follow me ? 
Shall the word with terror seize us ? 
Shall we from the burden flee ? 
Lord, I'll take it, 
And, rejoicing, follow thee." 

Gill, John, L.D., was born at Kettering, North- 
amptonshire, England, Nov. 23, 1697. His father, 
Edward Gill, was a Baptist in the membership of 
a union church composed of Presbyterians, Con- 
gregationalists, and Baptists, in which, beside a 
Pedobaptist pastor, Mr. William Wallis, a Baptist 
was a teaching elder, with authority to immerse 
adults. As Isaac Backus found this system a cause 
of controversy and strife in New England, so it 
proved in Kettering, and Edward Gill, William 
Wallis, and their friends found it necessary to 
withdraw and form a Particular Baptist church. 
Edward Gill was elected one of the deacons. To 
the end of his life he obtained a good repoi't for 
"grace, piety, and holy conversation." 

His son John early showed uncommon talents, 
and quickly surpassed those of his own age, and 
many much older, in acquiring knowledge. Before 
he was eleven years of age, under the instruction 
of an Episcopal clergyman, who had charge of the 
grammar-school of which he was a pupil, he had 
read the principal Latin classics, and had made 
such progress in Greek that he became an object 
of wonder and admiration to several ministers who 
were familiar with his attainments. The booksel- 
ler's shop in the town was only open on the paar- 
ket-day, and by the favor of the proprietor John 



GILL 



453 



GILL 



Gill was continually found there on that day con- 
sulting various authors. This remarkable studi- 
ousness attended him throughout life. His teacher 
commenced the practice of requiring the children 




JOHxX GILL, D.D. 



of Dissenters to attend prayers in the Episcopal 
church on week-days along with the youths that 
belonged to the Church of England. The law 
probably gave him authority to exhibit his mean 
bigotry in this way. But Dissenting parents 
properly resented this pious effort of the clerical 
teacher, and withdrew their children from his care. 
Deprived of an instructor, he studied with even in- 
creased industry, and soon became a proficient in 
logic, rhetoric, natural and moral philosophy, and 
Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. In Latin he read the 
hoarded treasures of ancient and modern divinity 
until he was conversant with all the great writers 
of "Western Christendom. 

When he was about twelve years of age, a ser- 
mon preached by Mr. Wallis, his father's pastor, 
on the words, " And the Lord God called unto 
Adam, and said unto him, Where art thou ?" made 
a solemri^impression upon his mind ; his sins 
and the wrath of God alarmed him ; and for some 
time he was in the deepest distress. But the Sa- 
viour drew near and showed him his wounds and 
dying throes, and everlasting love, and by grace 
he was enabled to trust him, and to find liberty 
and justification. On the 1st of November, 1716, 
he was baptized in a neighboring river, and re- 
ceived into the fellowship of the church of Ketter- 



Almost immediately after, by the advice of 
friends, he began to preach, first at Higham Fer- 
rers, and afterwards at Kettering. The Lord 
blessed these ministrations to the conversion of a 
considerable number of persons, and high hopes 
were cherished about the future usefulness of Mr. 
Gill. 

He was elected pastor of the church at Horsley- 
down, Southwark, London, and ordained to the 
gospel ministry in its meeting-house March 22, 
1720. Of this church the celebrated Benjamin 
Keach had been pastor, whose son Elias founded 
the oldest church now existing in Pennsylvania, 
the mother of all the Baptist churches in Philadel- 
phia. Difficulties which met him on entering upon 
his pastoral life in London soon disappeared, his 
meeting-house was thronged with people, conver- 
sions were numerous, and for over fifty-one j'ears 
he was a power in London, and a religious author- 
ity all over Great Britain and America. 

In comparatively early life he began to collect 
Hebrew works, the two Talmuds, the Targums, 
and everything bearing on the Old Testament and 
its times, and it is within bounds to say that no 
man in the eighteenth century was as well versed 
in the literature and customs of the ancient Jews 
as John Gill. lie has sometimes been called the 
Dr. John Lightfoot of the Baptists. This compli- 
ment, in the estimation of some persons, flatters 
Dr. Lightfoot more than Dr. Gill, great an authority 
as Dr. Lightfoot undoubtedly was on all questions 
of Hebrew learning. In 1748, Dr. Gill received 
his diploma of Doctor of Divinity from Aberdeen, 
in which his attainments are described "as ex- 
traordinary proficiency in sacred literature, the 
Oriental tongues, and Jewish antiquities." 

His " Dissertation Concerning the Antiquity 
of the Hebrew Language, Letters, Vowel Points, 
and Accents,"' has been described as " a masterly 
effort, of profound research, which would have 
shown Dr. Gill to have been a prodigy of reading 
and literature had he never published a syllable on 
any other subject." 

His " Body of Divinity," published in 1769, is a 
work without which no theological library is com- 
plete. His grand old doctrines of grace, taken un- 
adulterated from the Divine fountain, presented in 
the phraseology and with the illustrations of an intel- 
lectual giant, and commended by a wealth of sancti- 
fied Biblical learning only once in several ages 
permitted to mortals, sweep all opposition before 
them, and leave no place for the blighted harvests, 
the seed of which was planted by -James Arminius 
in modern times. In this work eternal and personal 
election to a holy life, particular redemption from 
all guilt, resistless grace in regeneration, final 
preservation from sin and the Wicked one, till the 
believer enters paradise, and the other doctrines of 



the Christian system, are expounded and defended 
by one of the greatest teachers in Israel ever called 
to the work of instruction by the Spirit of Jehovah. 

Dr. Gill's commentary is the most valuable exposi- 
tion of the Old and New Testaments ever published. 
In codices of the Scriptures, recently discovered, 
there are some more authoritative readings than 
those known in Gill's day ; and light has been cast 
upon the inspired records by explorations in the 
East, lately undertaken, and still in progress. But 
except in these features. Gill's commentary has the 
largest amount of valuable information ever pre- 
sented to Christians, in the form of " Annotations 
on the Bible." The work was republished in 
Philadelphia by a Presbyterian elder in 1811 ; and 
in Ireland by an Episcopal clergyman some years 
ago. His other writings are numerous and of 
great merit. His works are still in demand at 
large prices on both sides of the Atlantic. 

He was among the first contributors to Rhode 
Island College, now Brown University ; and in his 
will he bequeathed a complete set of his works and 
fifty-two folio volumes of the fathei-s to that insti- 
tution. Dr. Manning stated at the time that " this 
was by far the greatest donation the little library 
of the college had as yet received." The works are 
still in the library at Providence. 

Dr. Gill died in possession of perfect conscious- 
ness, and in the full enjoyment of the Saviour's 
love, Oct. 14, 1771. His death occasioned great sor- 
row, especially among the friends of truth through- 
out this country and Great Britain, and many 
funeral sermons were preached to commemorate 
his great worth. 

Dr. Gill was of middle stature, neither tall nor 
short, he was well proportioned, a little inclined to 
corpulency, his countenance was fresh and health- 
ful, and he enjoyed a serene cheerfulness which 
continued with him almost to the last. 

He was one of the purest men that ever lived : 
the sovereign grace for which he so nobly waged 
war was his own refuge and strength, and it gave 
him a life-long victory over all outward and in- 
ternal evils. 

He was a man of great humility, though flattered 
by large numbers. He could honestly say, "By 
the grace of God I am what I am ;" he felt the 
truth of this apostolic experience, and glorified 
sovereign grace. 

He knew more of the Bible than any one with 
whose writings we are acquainted. "Dr. Gill," 
says John Ryland, " leads into an ocean of divinity 
by a system of doctrinal and practical religion, and 
by a judicious and learned exposition of the Old 
and New Testaments." 

The profound and pious Episcopalian, Toplady, 
who was frequently at a week-night lecture of Dr. 
Gill's, the author of the hymn, — 



" Kock of Ages, shelter me, 
Let me hide myself in thee." 

says of the doctor, " So far as the doctrines of the 
gospel are concerned, Gill never besieged an error 
which he did not force from its strongholds ; nor 
did he ever encounter an adversary to truth whom 
he did not bafile and subdue. His doctrinal and 
practical writings will live and be admired, and be a 
standing blessing to posterity, when their opposers 
are forgotten, or only remembered by the refuta- 
tions he has given them. While true religion and 
sound learning have a single friend remaining in 
the British Empire, the works and name of Gill will 
be precious and revered.'^ 

Gill, Rev. Thomas A., the son of John S. Gill, 
of Philadelphia, Pa., was born in that city Feb. 8, 
1840. After the usual preparatory training, he 
entered the Philadelphia High School, and was 
graduated in his sixteenth year. Soon after this, 
he entered successively for short intervals the ofiices 
of Francis Wharton and Wm. Henry Rawle, dis- 
tinguished lawyers of his native city. On leaving 
the service of the latter, the next few years were 
spent with his father, whose purpose was to asso- 
ciate his eldest son with him in his business. 

During this period — in his nineteenth year — he 
was converted under the ministrations of the Rev. 
Dr. Cathcart, and was baptized into the fellowship of 
the Second Baptistchurch, Philadelphia. In April, 
1861, as the result of personal conviction, and the 
judgment of the church, he entered the university 
at Lewisburg to prepare for the gospel ministry. 
The late war being then in active progress, his 
collegiate course was interrupted by two short terms 
of service in response to the exigencies growing out 
of the invasion of Pennsylvania by the army of 
Gen. Lee, and the subsequent burning of Cham- 
bersburg. Graduating in the university at the- 
close of the war, he entered the Theological Semi- 
nary at the same place, and completed the pre- 
scribed course in July, 1867. In July of the en- 
suing year he was called to the pastoral charge of 
the First Baptist church, Germantown, Philadel- 
phia, and in October following ordained to the 
Christian ministry. Resigning his pastorate in im- 
paired health in August, 1871, he sought the sam& 
month the benefits of a tour abroad, traveling ex- 
tensively in Europe, Egypt, and the Holy Land. 
Reluctant, after his return, in 1872, to re-enter the 
pastorate, from considerations of health, he was at 
length nominated by President Grant as a chaplain 
of the navy, and confirmed by the Senate, Dec. 22, 
1874. In the following year, April 8, he was mar- 
ried to Marie Antoinette, the daughter of the Rev. 
Dr. E. H. Nevin, of Philadelphia. On the death of 
his wife, in May, 1878, at Vallejo, Cal., while 
chaplain of the naval station there, he returned to- 
the East, and was attached to the flag-ship " Ten- 



GILLETTE 



GILMORE 



of the Atlantic Squadron, where he has 
been officiating as chaplain up to the present date. 
Mr. Gill possesses scholarly attainments, deep piety, 
a vigorous intellect, an unblemished reputation, and 
the warm regards of all that know him. 

Gillette, A. D., D.D., was born in Cambridge, 
Washington Co., N. Y.. Sept. 8, 1807 ; educated at 
Hamilton and Union College, Schenectady ; or- 
dained in Schenectady ; pastor of the Sansom 
Street church (Dr. Staughton's), Philadelphia, for 
four years; founded the Eleventh Baptist church 
in the same city in 1839, and, under God, made it 
a large and prosperous community. He has been 
pastor of Calvary church, New York, the First 
church of Washington, D. C, the Gethsemane 
church of Brooklyn, and the church of Sing Sing, 
N. Y. He edited the "Minutes of the Philadel- 
phia Association from 1707 to 1807," a work of 
great labor and of unusual value. He has baptized 
about 2000 persons. In 1856 he received the de- 
gree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Gillette is one of 
the most brotherly men the writer ever met; his 
friends are legion. He has been one of the most 
useful men in the Baptist denomination ; his grace- 
ful manners, unselfish disposition, and cultured 
mind gave him access in Philadelphia, New York, 
and Washington to the best society. The denomi- 
nation lamented the stroke of paralysis which re- 




V. D. GILLETTE, D.D. 



cently threatened his life in Saratoga. Dr. Gillette 

has always basked in the sunshine of Christianity, 

leaving its imaginary dark clouds to gloomy minds. 

Gilmore, Gov. Joseph A., was bom in Weston, 



Vt., June 10, 1818. Like many enterprising young 
men, he was not satisfied to remain in the quiet 
rural district where he spent his childhood, but 
sought a wider field of activity. In early life he 




GOV. JOSEPH A. GILMORE. 

went to Boston, and there for a number of years 
was engaged in mercantile pursuits. It was while- 
he was thus occupied that he was brought under 
the influence of the ministry of Rev. Baron Stow,. 
D.D., and became a hopeful Christian, and joined 
the Baldwin Place church, of which Dr. Stow was- 
the pastor. After remaining several years in Bos- 
ton, he moved to Concord, N. H., and for some time- 
was engaged in the same business which he had pur- 
sued in the former city. Subsequently he became 
interested in railroads, for which he seems to have- 
had special tastes. He was superintendent of the 
Concord, Manchester and Lawrence road, and after- 
wards of others leading out of Concord. He was 
chosen a member of the State senate in 1858, and in 
1859 was elected president of the senate. In 1863 
he became governor of New Hampshire, and held 
the office two years. Gov. Gilmore was a man of 
great energy of character, combining therewith, 
the most tender domestic affections. He took a 
deep interest in the prosperity of the First Baptist 
church in Concord, of which Rev. Dr. C. W. Flan- 
ders was the pastor, and did what he could to pro- 
mote its welfare. Prof. J. H. Gilmore, of Rochester 
University, is a son of the subject of this sketch. 
Gov. Gilmore died April 17, 1867. 

Gilmore, Prof. Joseph Henry, was born in 
Boston, Mass., April 29, 1834; was graduated at 



GIST 



456 



GO FORTH 



Phillips Academy, Andover, 1852, at Brown Uni- 
versity in 1858, and at Newton Theological Semi- 
nary in 1861. During 1861-62 he was instructor 
in Hebrew at Newton, and pastor of the Fisherville, 
N. H., Baptist church. He served as private secre- 
tary to Gov. Gilmore, of New Hampshire, and as edi- 
tor of the Concord Daily Monitor in 1864-65. The 
next two years he was pastor of the Second church 
of Rochester, N. Y., and during the latter year 
acting Professor of Hebrew in Rochester Theologi- 
cal Seminary. Jan. 1, 1867, he entered upon the 
professorship of Logic, Rhetoric, and English, which 
chair he still fills with great ability. 

Prof. Gilmore is a scholarly writer. For the 
last ten years he has been a frequent editorial con- 
tributor to the Examiner and Chronicle. He has 
published an admirable treatise, entitled " The Art 
of Expression," intended as an elementary text- 
book on rhetoric. He has written some excellent 
poems, among which we mention " Little ^lury"' 
and " He Leadeth Me" ; a part of the latter we 
give below : 

" He leadeth me ' Oh, blessed thought ! 
Oil, words with heavenly comfort fraught! 



Still 'tis God' 



, where'er I be, 

1 hand that leadeth me. 



" Sometimes mid scenes of deepest gloom, 
Sometimes where Eden's bowers bloom, 
By waters still o'er troubled sea. 
Still 'tis bis hand that leadeth me."' 

Gist, Hon. Joseph, was born in Union District, 
S. C, on the 12th of -January, 1775. He was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1799, and attained such distinc- 
tion in the profession that " his services were often 
sought by both parties to a dispute. An incident of 
two men of wealth and standing, in adjoining dis- 
tricts, after a hard ride meeting at his gate, to 
employ him in an important case, is remembered 
by his brother." "His influence with the juries 
-was almost irresistible, and was very great with the 
judges." 

He represented his district in the Legislature for 
eighteen years, and was then elected to Congress, 
of which he was a member for six years, after 
which he voluntarily retired on account of ill 
health. 

The office of judge, which at that time was a 
very high honor, was once within his reach, but he 
declined in favor of David Johnson, then but little 
known, but afterwards one of the most honorable 
judges that ever occupied the bench in South Caro- 
lina. It is gratifying to claim such a man as an 
humble, pious Baptist. 

Goddard, Rev. Josiah, was bom in Wendell, 
Mass., Oct. 27, 1813, became a hopeful Christian in 
1826, and was baptized in May, 1831. He gradu- 
ated at Brown University in 1835, and at the New- 
ton Theological Institution in 1838. Having been 



accepted as a missionary by the Board of the Mis- 
sionary Union, he sailed, the December after he 
graduated at Newton, for the East, and landed at 
Singapore in June, 1839, and proceeded to the place 
of his destination, Bangkok, Siam, arriving there 
Oct. 16, 1840. He was to direct his special atten- 
tion to the Chinese of that city, of whom there 
were many thousands. In 1842 he had so far made 
himself master of the language that he was able to 
take the pastoral charge of the church which had 
been gathered by Dr. Dean, where he was prospered 
in the work of preaching the gospel to the heathen. 
He also finished the translation of the Gospel of 
John, and it was printed. He prepared for the 
press some Christian tracts and an English and 
Chinese vocabulary. In 1848 he had a severe at- 
tack of bleeding at the lungs, and for some time 
his life was despaired of, but a change of climate, 
by his removal to Ningpo, arrested the progress of 
the disease, and he was able to resume his work. 
To do this he was obliged to learn an entirely new. 
dialect of the Chinese language in order to be un- 
derstood by the natives of Ningpo. For several 
years he was busily occupied with his missionary 
labors, and the Lord owned these efforts in the 
conversion of the heathen and the building up of 
his cause in the city where he had made his home. 
His work and life came to an end Sept. 4, 1854. 

Dr. Dean accords to Mr. Goddard traits of char- 
acter which rank him among the ablest of our 
missionaries. '' His native endowments were su- 
perior ; his education had been extended and 
thorough ; his study of the Chinese language had 
been patient and successful ; his knowledge of the 
sacred languages and literature was accurate and 
familiar, and he brought to his work a large share 
of common sense and sound judgment, and a warm 
heart and high-toned Christian principles." 

Goforth, N". B., D.D., president of Carson Col- 
lege, was born in Sevier Co., Tenn., May 20, 1829. 
He made a profession of religion and joined the 
Baptist church at Boyd's Creek, Sevier County. 
He soon felt it to be his duty to preach the gospel 
and devote his life to the service of Christ as a 
minister, and in order to prepare himself properly 
for this work he entered Maryville College in 
1851, and gi-aduated in 1855. 

In 1857 he was ordained to the work of the gos- 
pel ministry by a Presbytery consisting of Elders 
Wm. Ellis, Wm. Ballien, and W. M. Burnett. In 
1855 he was elected to a professorship in Mossy 
Creek, now Carson, Baptist College, and was elected 
president of the same in 1859, but formally re- 
signed that position in 1866, and was re-elected in 
1870, continuing to serve in that capacity to the 
present time. His life for the most part has been 
devoted to teaching, believing that he can be more 
useful in this way than in any other department of 



GOING 



457 



GOODHUE 



labor, and he feels and his brethren know that God 
has greatly blessed his work. Dr. Goforth is re- 
garded as one of our best educators, as well as one 
of the ablest ministers in Tennessee. 

Going, Rev. Eliab.— At McIIenry, 111., Feb. 
28, 1869, died one of that group of brothers to 
which belonged Jonathan Going, D.D., so well 
known in connection with the organization of home 
missions in this country, and as the founder of 
Granville College, now Denison University, Rev. 
Ezra Going, of Ohio, Rev. James Going, of Michi- 
gan, with Eliab Going, the subject of the present 
notice. Eliab Going was born in Reading, Vt., 
Dec. 5, 1790. His active life was spent chiefly in 
Western New York as missionary and pastor ; for 
two or three years he was a missionary among the 
Seneca Indians. He came to Illinois in 1856 or 
1857, residing with his children in McHenry County, 
and preaching occasionally, as opportunity served. 
Mr. Going's wife died only two days before him- 
self, and they were buried at the same time and in 
the same grave. " Lovely and pleasant in their 
lives, in their death they were not divided." 

Going', Jonathan, D.D., eldest son of Jonathan 
and Sarah K. Going, was born in Reading, Vt., 
March 7, 1786. In 1803 he entered the academy at 
New Salem, Mass., at which place and also at Mid- 
dleborough, Mass., he prepared for college. In 
1805 he entered Brown University^, and during his 
Freshman year was converted to God and baptized 
into the fellowship of the First church, Providence, 
by the pastor. Rev. Stephen Gano, April 6, 1806. 
During his college course he was a most faithful 
and active Christian. After his graduation, in 1809, 
he spent a season in studying theology with Dr. 
Messer, the president of the university. 

Returning to Vermont, he was ordained in May, 
1811, pastor of the Baptist church at Cavendish. 
In December, 1815, he removed to Worcester, Mass., 
and remained pastor of the church in that city 
until 1832, a period of over sixteen years. This 
pastorate was one of the most successful and influ- 
ential of that day. Sunday-schools, foreign mis- 
sions, ministerial education, and reform movements 
had in Dr. Going a pronounced and able friend and 
advocate. During the later years of his ministry 
at Worcester he became profoundly interested in 
home missions, and in 1831 obtained leave of ab- 
sence from his church to visit the Baptist churches 
in the Western States. May 25 of that year he 
attended the meeting of the Ohio State Convention 
at Lancaster, and gave great aid in the formation 
of the Ohio Baptist Education Society and the 
founding of Granville College. 

As the result of this visit. Dr. Going was in 
1832 made corresponding secretary of the Home 
Mission Society, a position which he held with sig- 
nal ability and unwearied industry for five years. 



Much of the present prosperity and usefulness of 
the Home Mission Society is due to his wise plans 
and arduous toils. 

In the autumn of 1837, Dr. Going accepted the 
presidency of Granville College, 0., and removed 
from Brooklyn to the West. In this position he 
remained to the entire satisfaction of all the friends 
of the college until his death, which occurred Nov. 
9, 1844. While in Ohio his influence was felt in 
every good work. He was profoundly interested 
in the growth of the denomination throughout the 
State, and gave much time and strength to securing 
funds for the education of young men. His death 
was regarded as the greatest loss that had befallen 
Ohio Baptists, and to this day his name and work 
are held in grateful remembrance. 

Goodale, Rev. Hervey, was bom in West Roy- 
alston, Mass., in 1822. He graduated at George- 
town College, Ky., in 1848. His heart was set upon 
being a foreign missionary, and he received an 
appointment from the Southern Board of Foreign 
Missions, and was ordained in 1848 with a view to 
going out as a missionary to China. Before his 
purpose could be carried into execution circum- 
stances occurred which led to a change in his plans, 
and he decided to accept an appointment to Central 
Africa. With two others, fellow-laborers, he sailed 
from Providence, R. I., Dec. 17, 1849. On reaching 
the shores of Africa, he was seized with a fever 
early in March, 1850, and died on the 13th of April, 
at Sama, about ninety miles from Monrovia. Thus 
prematurely, as we judge, was cut ofi' a young 
Christian hero in the bright hope of doing some 
service for his Lord on the coasts of dark heathen 
Africa. 

Goodhue, Rev. Joseph Addison, was born at 
New Boston, N. II., about the year 1828. He was 
a graduate of Dartmouth College in the class of 
1848, and of the Newton Theological Institution in 
the class of 1852. He was ordained as a minister 
of the Baptist denomination in October, 1852, and 
was pastor of the Central Baptist church, Norwich, 
Conn., for two years. He resigned his position to 
enter upon the duties of Professor of Languages in 
the Connecticut Literary Institution, where he re- 
mained only one year, and then accepted a call to 
South Boston, Mass. Here he remained two years, 
and then took charge of the church at Farmingham 
Centre, where he remained three years. He went 
from Farmingham to North Cambridge, Mass., 
from which in two years he removed to Westbor- 
ough, Mass., where he was pastor three years. For 
a short time he was pastor of the churches in Shel- 
burne Falls and Danversport. Mr. Goodhue was the 
author of a volume bearing the title " The Cruci- 
ble," designed, like Edwards's immortal work "On 
the Affections," to furnish tests which would dis- 
tinguish true from false conversion. It called forth 



GOODMAN 



GOOD SPEED 



considerable criticism at the time of its publica- 
tion. He died at Hyde Park, Mass., Deo. 1, 1873. 

Goodman, Edward, senior proprietor of the 
Standard, at Chicago, is a native of England, 
having been born at Clipstone, Northamptonshire, 
May 10, 1830. His education was directed with a 
vievr to the business of a druggist, and he became 
quite early in life connected with the establishment 
of Mr. Clark, one of the principal merchants in 
that line in Leicester. There he attended Robert 
Hall's church, at that time under the pastoral care 
of Rev. J. P. Mursell, Mr. Hall's successor. In 
1846, at the age of sixteen, he was baptized by 
Mr. Mursell, and united with the Harvey Lane 
church. In June, 1852, Mr. Goodman left England 
for the United States, arriving in Chicago July 11, 
of that year. In August of the following year he 
took an agency for the Christian Times, now the 
Standard, visiting the churches in Illinois, Wis- 
consin, and Iowa with a view to introduce the 
paper. Some four years later, Jan. 15, 1857, he 
became one of its proprietors in association with 
Rev. Leroy Church. The changes which have 
since taken place in the proprietorship of the paper 
are noted elsewhere. It must suffice to say here 
that to the careful and wise business management 
of Mr. Goodman the Standard is greatly indebted 
for its financial success, especially in surviving the 
disasters and business reverses which have visited 
the city where it is published, and to his excellent 
taste for the neat and orderly style in which from 
week to week it is made to appear. Since 1863, 
Mr. Goodman has served as treasurer of the Baptist 
Theological Union, having the seminary under its 
care. In this ofBce he has performed a vast amount 
of valuable though uncompensated service, the ac- 
counts of the seminary being invariably found in the 
best condition, and much complication and difficulty 
thereby saved. In 1854 he became a member of 
the First Baptist church, and eight years later, in 
1862, was elected a deacon, an office which he still 
holds. 

Goodman, Thomas, father of EdwardGoodman, 
Esq., of the Standard, died at Chicago, in his son's 
family, Oct. 15, 1872, at the age of eighty-three 
years, during sixty of which he had been a consistent 
Christian and a useful member of Christ's church. 
He was born at Clipstone, England, Jan. 16, \1S^. 
He was in his earlier life intimately acquainted 
with Andrew Fuller, Robert Hall, and William 
Carey. During twenty-five years he served as 
deacon of the church in Clipstone, and to the end 
of his life delighted in nothing so much as in what 
concerned the pi-ogress of Christ's cause. 

Goodspeed, Edgar Johnson, D.D., was born at 
Johnsburg, Warren Co., N. Y., in 1833. He was 
the son of parents who, during a long life, have 
been examples of intelligent and earnest piety, and 



of fidelity to Baptist truth. The son of whom we 
now speak, one of four, all of whom are filling 
positions of usefulness, was converted early in life, 
and very soon after was led to consider the subject 
of personal duty with reference to the Christian 
ministry. He was encouraged to the necessary 
self-surrender by his mother. Entering the Uni- 
versity of Rochester at the opening of that institu- 
tion, in 1849, he graduated in 1853, winning during 
his course the character of one of the best scholars 
and most promising intellects then in the univer- 
sity. Entering the theological seminary at Roches- 
ter immediately, he graduated in 1856. 

Dr. Goodspeed's first pastorate was at Pough- 
keepsie, N. Y., — a successful one of two years. 
He was then called to Janesville, Wis., to the pas- 
torate which Dr. Galusha Anderson had just left. 
There he remained seven years, — seven faithful 
years. In 1865 he was called to the Second Baptist 
church, Chicago. There he began a pastorate of 
eleven years' duration, which may justly be called 
a remarkable one. While gifted with unusual pul- 
pit attractiveness, Mr. Goodspeed showed himself 
peculiarly suited to pastoral work in a large city. 
He was also fortunate in the supporters and co- 
workers whom he found in his church. The num- 
ber had grown to some 1200 at the conclusion of 
his pastorate, while in every department of Chris- 
tian enterprise the church had made its mark in an 
unusual degree. Dr. Goodspeed's health failing, he 
resigned his charge in 1876, and after one year of 
rest accepted, in 1877, the pastorate of the Central 
church, Syracuse, N. Y. There he reinained until 
1879, when he was tendered by the Home Mission 
Society the position of president of Benedict Insti- 
tute, at Columbia, S. C. This place he still holds, 
his fine culture, teaching ability, and genial spirit 
eminently adapting him for it. 

Dr. Goodspeed has written " The Life of Jesus 
for Young People," and various other works, the 
sale of which has been very large. The University 
of Rochester conferred upon him the degree of 
Doctor of Divinity. 

Goodspeed, Rev. Thomas Wakefield, a 

younger brother of Dr. Goodspeed, was born at 
Glen's Falls, N. Y., in 1843. His early conversion, 
like that of his brother, illustrated the certainty 
with which pious parents may look for the prompt 
fruitage of the seed of Christian family influence 
and training. Deciding to prepare for the min- 
istry, he studied first at the University of Chicago, 
graduating, however, at Rochester in 1863, and at 
the seminary there in 1866. His first ministerial 
service was with the North Baptist church, Chicago, 
to which he was called while still a seminary stu- 
dent at Rochester. In 1866, however, he accepted 
the call of the Vermont Street Baptist church, 
Quincy, 111., an admirable church, between whom 



GOOD WORKS 



459 



GORDON 



and its young pastor there grew up a deep and 
strong mutual attachment ; so that when, in 1872, 
after an unusually successful service of six years, 
he felt it his duty to accept the call of the Second 
church in Chicago to become associate pastor with 
his brother, whose health had begun to fail, the sun- 
<lering of the tie was an occasion of great mutual 
sorrow. Coming to Chicago at the date last named, 
Mr. Goodspeed continued in joint service with his 
brother until 1876, when the latter finding a change 
of residence and labor imperative, both pastors 
resigned. The secretaryship of the Baptist Theo- 
logical Union, having in charge the Theological 
Seminary at Chicago, being now vacant, Mr. Good- 
.speedwas called to this post, which he continues to 
hold : in 1879, that of financial secretary and treas- 
urer of the Northwestern Baptist Education So- 
ciety being associated with it. During Mr. Good- 
speed's financial administration important progress 
has been made in placing the seminary upon a more 
secure financial basis, the removal to Morgan Fork 
having materially contributed to that end. 

Good Works. — In the Catholic Church some of 
the saints, it is supposed, performed more acts of 
obedience and charity than God demanded; these, 
for that reason, were called works of supererogation, 
and it was imagined that the grand aggregate of such 
good works constituted a treasury of merits, which 
the popes, as heads of the church, could transfer by 
indulgences to those whose guilty lives created a 
demand for them. Among Mohammedans, it is 
taught that on the day of judgment the good works 
of a true believer will be placed in one scale and 
his sins in another, and if the former outweigh the 
latter the man will be saved. Among the Burmese, 
the chief business of a pious man is to acquire 
merit; for this object he gives alms, attends to re- 
ligious duties, and subjects himself to much self- 
denial. 

Without reference to motives, almsgiving, pa- 
triotism, patience, kindness to the sick, and the 
worship of God seem good works ; but to be sure 
of their real character we must know that they 
come from worthy motives. There can be no 
doubt about the excellency of the works that spring 
from affection to Jesus ; he says, " If ye love me 
keep my- commandments." If, because we cherish 
him in our hearts, we hearken to his teachings, 
obey his precepts, and bear the fruits of " love, 
joy, peace, long-suffering, gentleness, goodness, 
faith, meekness, temperance," then are we led by 
the Spirit of God. The Christian's controlling 
motive should ever be supreme love to the Lord 
Jesus. This will give the royal stamp of divine 
approbation to his works. 

Good works are necessary to prove the new birth 
of a believer, and his freedom from the dominion 
of iniquity. " Every branch in me that beareth 



not fruit," says Jesus, "he taketh away, and every 
branch that beareth fruit he purgeth it, that it may 
bring forth more fruit." The heavenly husband- 
man, when he saw that the barren fig-tree in his 
vineyard was fruitless for the third year, said, " Cut 
it down, why cumbereth it the ground?" 

The good works of a Christian have no part in 
his justification, '" Therefore, we conclude," says 
Paul, "that a man is justified by faith without the 
deeds of the law." This inspired conclusion of the 
great apostle is infallible. " It is not by works of 
righteousness which we have done, but according 
to his mercy He saves us." The sufferings of Jesus 
are the Christian's justification, — his complete sal-' 
vation. There can be no works of supererogation, — 
works beyond what God demands ; where much is 
given much will be required ; Jesus claims the love 
of our whole heart, and soul, and strength, and 
mind. AYe ought to be living sacrifices, lying every 
moment upon his altar, and wholly consecrated to 
him. We owe him this, and no work or woe of 
ours can ever exceed his constant claims. 

Goodyear, C. B. — In the death of Mr. Goodyear, 
at Chicago, in 1875, the Baptist Theological Semi- 
nary in that city lost one of its most devoted and 
generous supporters. He had been for several 
years a resident of Chicago, and as a member of 
the Board of Trade had pursued a successful busi- 
ness career. In the Second church, where he held 
his membership, he was known as a man who re- 
garded his gains in business as lent to him from 
the Lord for the uses of his cause. The annual 
report of the seminary for 1875 says of him, in his 
relations with that institution, " In providing for 
its endowment, in the erection of its buildings, in 
meeting its necessities, no one showed a more 
earnest zeal or ardent devotion than Mr. Good- 
year." He was for some years president of the 
Theological Union, having the seminary under its 
care, and at his death was a member of the board 
of trustees. 

Gordon, Adoniram Judson, D.D., was born in 

New Hampton, N. H., and graduated at Brown 
University in the class of 1860. He took the full 
course of theology at the Newton Theological In- 
stitution, and graduated in the class of 1863. He 
was ordained June 29, 1863, and became pastor of 
the church at Jamaica Plains, near Boston, Mass., 
where he remained six years, and then removed to 
Boston, where, since 1869, he has been the pastor 
of the Clarendon Street church, formerly Kowe 
Street, being the immediate successor of Rev. Dr. 
Baron Stow. Dr. Gordon was one of the compilers 
of the " Service of Song." He is also the author 
of one or two books of a devotional character, which 
have been favorably received by the religious 
public. 

Dr. Gordon is a trustee of Brown University, and 



GORDON' 



GOTCH 



received from that institution, in 1877, the honorary 
degree of Doctor of Divinity. 

Tliough a comparatively young man. Dr. Gordon 
exerts a wide influence in Boston, and his name is 
ftivorably and deservedly known throughout the 
denomination in this country. 

Gordon, Rev. Charles M., president of Merid- 
ian Female College., Miss., is a native of Missis- 
sippi, where he was born in 1839 ; educated at 
Mississippi College ; began to preach in 1860 ; was 
chaplain of 36th Miss. Regiment in the Confederate 
army. After filling several important pastorates, 
and among them one at Natchez, Miss., he was 
called to Meridian in 1875. In connection with his 
pastorate he took charge of the female college, but 
at the end of two years gave up the church, and has 
since devoted himself to the college, preaching oc- 
casionally in the surrounding country. 

Gorman, Rev. Samuel, is a native of Magnolia, 
Stark Co., 0., where he was born in 1816. He 
passed his early youth in and near the place of liis 
birth. He was converted when quite young, and 
united with the Baptist Church. Educated at Deni- 
son University (Granville College), Ohio, and at the 
Baptist Theological Institute, at Covington, Ky. ; 
ordained at Keen, Coshocton Co., 0., in 1842, where 
he began his ministry. He was subsequently pastor 
at Jefferson, Urbana, Muddy Creek, and Dayton, 
O. At each of these places he built meeting-houses, 
and at Urbana and Dayton gathered and organized 
churches. In June, 1852, he was commissioned by 
the American Baptist Home Mission Society to take 
charge of the home mission work of that society 
in New Mexico. He established missions at La- 
guna, both among the Indians .and the Spaniards. 
Here he erected two chapels and a building for 
school purposes, and continued his missionary 
labors nearly seven years. At the end of which 
he took charge of the mission at .Santa Fe, the 
capital of the Territory, leaving the gathered 
churches and mission work at Lagnna in the care 
of native helpers, whom he had prepared for the 
work. At Santa Fe he preached to English-speak- 
ing congregations in the morning, and to Indians 
or Spaniards in the afternoon. Mr. Gorman re- 
mained here until 1861, when, upon the outbreak 
of the late war, the country was taken posses- 
sion of by Confederate troops, and the mission 
broken up. The time given to this mission labor 
was ten years. Upon his return home he settled as 
pastor of the Baptist church in Canton, 0., the seat 
of his native county. He remained here seven 
years, adding a large number to the membership 
of the church, and securing 817,000 to build a 
meeting-house. He labored one year in the ser- 
vice of Denison University, in raising its endow- 
ment, and then came to AVisconsin. He has had 
pastorates at Sparta more than four years, Monroe 



one year, Columbus four years, and Mansion, his 
present home and field of labor, one year. He has 
been a laborious minister of the gospel, and has 
maintained throughout his long ministry of forty 
years a reputation unspotted and a life full of good 
works. At the age of sixty-four years he is in the 
active work of the ministry, and held in high es- 
teem by his brethren. 

Gosnold, Rev. John, was bom in England in 
1625. He received his education in the University 
of Cambridge, and became a clergyman of the 
Established Church. In the time of the Parlia- 
mentary wars he made the Bible his only guide to 
truth, and consequently he became a Baptist. He 
was chosen pastor of a church at Barbican, in Lon- 
don, where he soon had a congregation of nearly 
3000, many of whom were persons of large means, 
and frequently seven or eight of them were Epis- 
copal clergymen. He was a man of ability, learn- 
ing, and piety; he was honored by the friendship 
of many distinguished persons, especially by that 
of Tillotson, archbishop of Canterbury. He was 
compelled to hide in times of persecution to escape 
the hands of Christ's enemies. He baptized the 
celebrated Israelite, Du Veil, who joined the Bap- 
tists from the Episcopal ministry. Mr. Gosnold 
belonged to the General Baptists, but he associated 
much with the Particular denomination. He was 
beloved by all good men, and he regarded with af- 
fectionate interest every child of Jesus. He was 
the author of two works. 

Goteh, F. W,, LL.D., president of Bristol 
Baptist College, England, was born at Kettering. 
Northamptonshire, in 1808. After the usual 
course of study for the ministry at Bristol College, 
he proceeded to Trinity College, Dublin, in 1832. 
and graduated M.A. His first charge was Box- 
moor, Hertfordshire, where he remained several 
years. He then became lecturer in philosophy at 
Stepney College, LoTidon, and in 1846 accepted a 
professorship at Bristol as colleague of the Rev. 
Thos. S. Crisp. On the failure of Mr. Crisp's 
health, in 1861, he took charge of the institution, 
and some years later was elected president. Dr. 
Gotch's eminent scholarship was recognized by 
Trinity College, Dublin, in 1859, when he received 
the degree of LL.D. He was'also elected examiner 
in Hebrew and New Testament Greek for several 
years successively by the faculty of the London 
University. "When the Convocation of the Church 
of England resolved to invite the co-operation of 
learned men of various denominations in the re- 
vision of the authorized version of the Bible, Dr. 
Gotch was selected as a prominent representative 
of the learning and scholarship of the Baptists. 
In this important work he has labored from the 
beginning with enthusiastic devotion, and his rare 
gifts and acquirements have won universal respect. 



GOV CHER 



GOULD 



He received the highest honor in the gift of his 
brethren by his election to the chair of the Baptist 
Union in 1868. 

Goucher, E.eV. John E., was born at Malvern 
Square, Annapolis Co., Nova Scotia; studied at 
Acadia College; ordained at Upper Gagetovrn, 
New Brunswick ; and he has been pastor of the 
Port Medway and the North church, Halifax. He 
is now pastor at Truro, Nova Scotia. Mr. Gouchers 
ininistry is devotedly earnest and useful. 

Gould, A. A., M.D., was born at New Ipswich, 
N. H., in 1805, and received his collegiate educa- 
tion at Harvard University, where he graduated in 
the class of 1825. He also graduated from the 
medical school of Harvard, the degree of M.D. 
having been conferred on him in 1S30. He devoted 
a life of more than thirty years to the practice of 
his profession, and stood high among the best phy- 
sicians of Boston. He won also an enduring repu- 
tation as a laborer in different fields of natural 
science. We are told that when " Sir Charles 
Lyell visited this country in order to pursue his 
celebrated geological investigations, as soon as he 
touched the shore the first man from whom he 
sought aid as an ' expert' and co-worker was Dr. 
Gould, whose contributions to natural history, and 
at that time especially to conchology, furnished the 
light that was needed to mark out the programme 
of the explorer. From the years of his student life 
to the day of his departure his industry vi'as inces- 
sant, sustained with manly vigor and scholarly 
enthusiasm." For a series of years he was vice- 
president of the Natural History Society, a mem- 
ber of the American Academy of Arts, of the 
American Philosophical Society, and of other kin- 
dred bodies. At the time of his death he filled 
one of the most honorable positions which a Mas- 
sachusetts physician can occupy, that of president 
of the Massachusetts Medical Society. 

Dr. Gould was a faithful and consistent member 
of the Howe Street Baptist church, in Boston, 
■during all his professional career. His death oc- 
ciirved Sept. 15, 1866. 

GrOuld, Prof. Ezra Palmer, was born in Boston, 
Mass., Feb. 27, 1841. He graduated at Harvard 
University in the class of 1861, and at the Newton 
Theological Institution in the class of 1868. He 
was ordained in September, 1868. For three years 
he was assistant professor of Biblical Literature 
jind Interpretation at Newton, and has been Pro- 
fessor of Biblical Literature and Interpretation 
<New Testament) since 1871. Prof Gould has 
prepared articles for reviews on subjects pertaining 
to his department of study, and has been a frequent 
contributor to the columns of the weekly religious 
press. 

Gotdd, Thomas, was fomous in the annals of 
the early Baptists in Eastern Massachusetts for 



the persecutions he endured on account of ms 
sentiments. He, like thousands in our own day 
not connected with Baptist churches, questioned 
the divine authority of infant baptism. Cotton 
Mather speaks of a " multitude of holy, watchful, 
faithful, and heavenly people among the first set- 
tlers of New England, who had scruples as to in- 
fant baptism." Mr. Gould was a man of very 
modest pretensions, a private member of a small 
country church, who declined to present his new- 
born child at the baptismal font, for which a cru- 
sade was opened against him by the whole Pedo- 
baptist community, which in the end enlisted all 
the logic, the stratagems, and bigotry of the entire 
body of the clergy, and brought a long train of 
legal enactments from the secular powers. 

Mr. Gould was a member of the Congregational 
church in Charlestown under the pastoral care of 
Rev. Mr. Sims, and this is his story : " On a first 
day, in the afternoon, one told me I must stop, for 
the church would speak with me. They called me 
out, and Master Sims told the church that this 
brother did withhold his child from baptism, and 
that they had sent to him to come down on such a 
day to speak with them, and if he could not come on 
that day to set a day when he would be at home ; 
but he, refusing to come, would appoint no time; 
when we writ to him to take his own time and send 
us word." I replied that " there was no such word 
in the letter, for me to appoint the day ; but what 
time of that day I should come." "Master" Sims 
told him he lied, but on reading the letter sent to 
him, it was found, somewhat to the confusion of 
" Master" Sims, that he was right. " They called 
ine forth to know why I would not bring my child 
to baptism ? My answer was, I did not see any 
rule of Christ for it, for that ordinance belongs to 
such as can make profession of their faith, as the 
Scripture doth plainly hold forth." No better an- 
swer could be given by the most learned divine. 
A meeting was appointed to be held the next week 
at "Mr. Russell's" to take further action on the 
matter. There seems to have been a four or five 
hours' hot discussion, when, as Mr. Gould tells us, 
" one of the company stood up and said, ' I will 
give you one plain place of Scripture where chil- 
dren were baptized.' I told him that would put an 
end to the controversy. ' That place is in the 2d 
of Acts, 39th and 40th verses.' After he had i-ead 
the Scripture, Mr. Sims told me that promise be- 
longed to infants, for the Scripture saith, ' The 
promise is to you, and your children, and to all 
that are afar off,' and he said no more ; to it I re- 
plied, ' Even as many as the Lord our God shall 
call.' Mr. Sims replied that I spoke blasphemously 
in adding to the Scriptures. I said, ' Pray do not 
condemn me, for if I am deceived my eyes deceive 
me.' He replied again I added to the Scripture, 



GOVE 



GOVE 



ilhich was blasphemy. I looked into my Bible; 
read the words again, and said it was so. lie re- 
plied the same words the third time before, the 
church. Mr. Kussell stood up and told him it was 
so as I had read it. ' Ay, it may be so in your 
Bible,' saith Mr. Sims. Mr. Russell answered, ' Yea, 
in yours, too, if you will look into it.' Then he 
said he was mistaken, for he thought on another 
place ; so after many words we broke up for that 
time." 

For seven years this sort of controversy was kept 
up. All the powers of church and state seem to 
have been thrown into commotion because the child 
of a modest yet conscientious member of the church 
was not brought to the baptismal font. The very 
existence of the churches of the " standing order," 
it was believed, was imperiled by such wanton 
neglect. AVell did Mr. Gould write, "If eight or 
nine poor Anabaptists, as they call them, should be 
the destruction of their churches, their foundation 
must be sandy indeed." Out of this persecution 
sprang the First Baptist church in Boston. Its 
membei-s for years endured obloquy and shame. 
They were fined, and some of them sentenced to 
be banished, and because they would not go into 
exile they were imprisoned more than a year. It 
was in vain that some of the first men of the col- 
ony, like Gov. Leverett, Lieut.-Gov. Willoughby, 
and others opposed these persecuting measures. 
The English Dissenters at home protested against 
this harsh dealing as opposed to the very funda- 
mental principles of religious toleration. Buttlieir 
protests availed notliing with the Boston Puritans. 
The sufiferings of the martyrs of religious liberty 
continued for many years. Mr. Gould died in Oc- 
tober, 1675. He had not lived and suffered in vain. 
The principles which he held, and for holding 
which he endured so much, are everywhere ac- 
cepted, and the revolution which he started has 
secured wonderful victories for the cause of re- 
ligious freedom not only in the old Bay State, but 
over the whole country. 

Gove, Elijah, was born in Charleston, Mont- 
gomery Co., N. Y., in May, 1802. His father, who 
was a farmer, having become helpless through pa- 
ralysis, important responsibilities devolved upon the 
son while yet very young. A mortgage upon the 
farm, large for that time, he paid off before he came 
of age. Leaving home without a trade or profes- 
sion, we find him in a short time proprietor and 
captain of a boat on the Erie Canal. " On a trip 
from Albany to Rochester in 1824, he had a lady 
passenger who, two years later, became his wife." 
Soon after his marriage he removed to Ohio. Not 
yet having become a Christian, and ambitious to 
acquire a fortune, he became a distiller, engaging 
in this business at Mendosia, 111., where at the end 
of seven years he had accumulated some thirty or 



forty thousand dollars. At the earnest solicitation 
of his wife he gave up this business, and in 1847 
removed to Quincy. There, at the age of forty- 
seven, he became a Christian, unitins; with the 




Baptist church. He was one of those to whom the 
beautiful city which now became his home was 
most indebted for its early and rapid growth, and 
for 'the solid basis upon which its prosperity was 
made to rest. He became also greatly interested in 
church building, and gave large amounts towards 
enterprises of this kind in different Western States. 
Mr. Gove's membership was at first with the First 
Baptist church in Quincy. In 1856 he went witii 
others to constitute the Vermont Street Baptist 
church in that city, and was one of the few who 
erected its handsome house of worship. He re- 
mained a member here until his death, in 1874. 
Between the years 1856 and 1874 he gave about 
§18,000 to this church and its pastors. His gifts 
otherwise were very large. The first of all his many 
donations to various causes was made to Shurtleff 
College, while still living at Mendosia. To this insti- 
tution, between the years 1849 and 1873, his gifts 
aggregated §59,285; including the legacy in his 
will, the whole amount given was about $75,000. 
In the twenty-five years from his conversion till 
his death, the sum of his gifts to various special 
objects was not far from §110,000, all in money. 
It has been said of him that "he gave more for 
the cause of Christian education than any other 
Baptist the West ever had." In this spirit of large 
benevolence his wife fully sympathized. She still 



GOW 



GRAFTON 



lives ia Quincy, a noble, genei-ous, Christian 
woman. 

Gow, Rev. George B., was born in Waterville, 
Me., and graduated at the college in that place in 
1852. He went through the Newton course of 
theological study, graduating in the class of 1858. 
He was ordained September, 1858, and was the 
pastor of the church in Ayer, Mass., three years. 
He then became principal of the New London In- 
stitution, holding the position for three years, when 
he accepted a call to the pastorate of the church in 
Gloucester, Mass., Avhere he remained three years. 
His next call came in 1867, from Worcester, Mass., 
where he continued for five years. Then he ac- 
cepted an appointment as agent to raise a larger 
endowment for the Worcester Acadeiny. In 1874 
he became pastor of the church in Millbury, Mass., 
which relation he now sustains to the church. 

Grace, Rev. William C, was born in Tippah 
Co., Miss., Jan. 19, 1844. He professed religion in 
the summer of 1857. In the month of September, 
1865, he was baptized into the fellowship of the 
Pleasant Hill Baptist church. Miss. He subse- 
quently united with the Flat Rock church, where 
he was licensed to preach the gospel. 

He spent the next three years of his life as prin- 
cipal of Yorkville Academy. He was ordained by 
the Bethel church, Gibson Co., Tenn., Revs. M. 
Hillsman <ind R. A. Coleman constituting the 
Presbytery. In 1871 he was pastor of Spring 
Hill and Newbern churches. In 1875 he took 
charge of Humboldt and Pleasant Plains churches ; 
having served the previous year with great success 
as financial secretary of the Executive Board of the 
West Tennessee Baptist Convention. 

He is now pastor of the church at Sweet Water, 
East Tenn., one of the most important points in 
the State. He is a devoted Christian and a good 
preacher. May he long live to honor the Master ! 

Grafton, Rev. B. C, was born in Newport, R. I., 
Sept. 28, 1785. From the time of his hopeful con- 
version to the close of his life he was a cheerful, 
earnest Christian. Having formed an intimate ac- 
quaintance with Rev. Dr. Gano, of Providence, 
when he was not far from eighteen years of age, 
and engaged in active business in that city, he 
was wont to accompany that good man in his mis- 
sionary tours, assisting him as occasion was given 
by offering prayer or speaking a word of exhorta- 
tion to the people. By degrees he came to feel that 
perhaps he could serve his Master in the work of 
the Christian ministry. He studied for a time with 
Rev. Dr. Chapin, in Danvers, Mass., and subse- 
quently with Rev. Dr. Benedict, in Pawtucket, 
R. I., and was ordained in Providence in August, 
1818. He was called to the pastorate of the church 
in AVest Cambridge, Mass., and remained in this 
place for four years and a half, when he removed 



to Plymouth, Mass., and was pastor of the church 
in this old Pilgrim town for six and a half years. 
His next settlements were Leeport, Taunton, 
Mass., Wichford, 11. I., Rowley, Mass., Stonington, 
Conn., Somerset and Medford, Mass. He spent the 
closing years of his life in Cambridgeport, Mass., 
where he died Jan. 12, 1858, in the seventy-third 
year of his age. Mr. Grafton was a useful, happy 
Christian minister, and formed many warm friend- 
ships in the places where he labored. 

Grafton, Rev. Joseph, was born in Newport, 
R. I., June 9, 1757. His father, who had followed 
the seas for several years, on giving up the command 
of a vessel, removed to Providence and engaged 
in the business of sail-making, and at the age of 
fourteen Joseph began his apprenticeship with his 
father. Becoming a Christian, he united with the 
Congregational church in Providence, although no- 
thing would satisfy him as baptism but immer- 
sion. Subsequently he became impressed with a 
conviction that it was his duty to preach the gospel. 
He was led through a severe discipline of sorrow 
before he finally yielded to the pressure of the duty 
which was laid on him. In the year 1787, finding 
his views were in harmony with those of the Bap- 
tists, he connected himself with the First Baptist 
church in Providence. Having received a call from 
the Baptist chui-ch in Newton, Mass., he was or- 
dained as pastor of that church June 18, 1788, and 
continued to sustain the relation for almost fifty 
years. Plis labors were abundantly blessed, several 
revivals occurring during his ministry. Five hun- 
dred and fifty-four persons were received into the 
church during his connection with it. 

Mr. Grafton was one of the best-known and 
honored ministers of his denomination in all the 
region where he labored so long as a servant of 
Christ. He was full of wit. To this day many 
anecdotes are related of him, showing what a vein 
of humor there was in him. Prof. Gammell, recall- 
ing the scenes of his own early .childhood, when his 
father was the pastor of the Medfield church, re- 
marks of him, in speaking of the little circle of ex- 
cellent Christian ministers who were wont to meet 
at the parsonage, "No single form, after that of 
my own father, comes back to my memory with a 
distinctness so marked and life-like as that of my 
father's venerated friend. Rev. Joseph Grafton, of 
Newton. He was next to Rev. AVilliam Williams, 
of Wrentham, the oldest of them all ; but he was, 
without exception, the sprightliest and wittiest in 
his conversation, and on this account the most in- 
teresting visitor in the estimation of the children. 
In dress he was extremely neat, and in person 
somewhat below the average stature ; but of a firm, 
compact frame, and unusually flexible, easy, and 
quick in all his movements. His eye was dark and 
very expressive, and in its quick flashes, whether 



GRAHAM 



464 



GRANGER 



in the pulpit or at the fireside, there beamed forth 
a deep, spiritual intelligence and sincerity ; while 
the tones of his musical and well-modulated voice 
did not fail to rivet the attention of all who heard 
him speak, whether in public or in private." He 
was an able minister of other days. He died Sept. 
16, 1836. 

Graham, Major W. A., the third son of Ex-Gov. 
Graham, was born in Hillsborough, N. C, Dec. 26, 
1836 ; attended Chapel Hill for a term, but gradu- 
ated at Princeton, N. J., in 1859 ; was baptized by 
Hev. L. Thorne in 1856 ; entered the army as first 
lieutenant ; was wounded as captain at Gettysbui-g, 
and became assistant adjutant-general of North 
Carolina, with the rank of major. He was in the 
State senate in 1874-76-78, receiving every vote 
cast, and came within one vote of being chosen 
lieutenant-governor of the State. He was presi- 
dent of the Baptist State Convention in 1878, and 
is now the moderator of the South Fork Associa- 
tion. 

Grammar, Rev. G. A., a missionary of the 
Arkansas Baptist Convention, living at Lonoke, 
Ark., was born in Mississippi in 1844 ; ordained in 
1867; besides supplying a number of country 
churches he was pastor at Yazoo City, and sup- 
plied the Vicksburg church during 1878, passing 
through the terrible epidemic of that j'ear, and 
losing most of his family by yellow fever : came to 
Arkansas in 1880 and engaged in his present work. 

Grand River College is located at Edinburgh, 
in North Missouri. It has good grounds and 
buildings and is out of debt. Prof. T. H. Storts is 
principal ; 131 students were enrolled the past year. 
P. McCullum is the financial agent. The school 
has flattering prospects and an important position 
in the State. 

Granger, Abraham H., D.D., was born in Suf- 

field, Conn., in 1815, and graduated at Waterville 
College in the class of 1839. He took the full 
course of theological study at Newton, and gradu- 
ated in the class of 1843. He was ordained in 
November, 1843, as pastor of the church in War- 
ren, Me., where he remained until called to take 
charge of the Fourth church in Providence, R. I., 
in 1854. He continued in this relation until 1876, 
when he resigned, and has since resided in Frank- 
lin, Mass. Dr. Granger is a trustee of Brown Uni- 
versity and of Colby University. He received from 
the latter institution the degree of Doctor of Di- 
vinity in 1864. 

Granger, James N., D.D., was born in Canan- 
(laigua, N. Y., in August, 1814. When he was 
seventeen years of age he received the appointment 
of a cadet at West Point, but before entering upon 
the studies of his chosen profession he became a 
subject of the renewing grace of the Holy Spirit, 
and a change in all his plans of life was immedi- 



ately formed. At the age of twenty he became a 
member of the Hamilton Literary and Theological 
Institution, and graduated in 1838. He was or- 
dained as pastor of the Baptist church in Avon, 
N. Y., in 1839. He accepted a call to the AVash- 
ington Street church, Buffalo, after a residence of 
two years at Avon. His pastorate over the BuflFalo 
church was a short one. Such was the reputation 
he had already gained that in October, 1842, the 
First Baptist church in Providence called him to 
be their minister. The position is one, in some re- 
spects, of peculiar difficulty, for the church has 
always sustained an intimate relation to Brown 
University, and its minister must accommodate 
himself to very wide extremes of character. Dr. 
Granger was quite equal to the demands made on 
him, and met them with satisfaction to his people 
as well as honor to himself. Ten years of per- 
sistent work were given to this important field of 
labor, under the exhausting toil of which his health 
became somewhat broken, and he decided to carry 
out a long-cherished purpose to spend several 
months abroad, and there secure needed relaxation 
and recreation. The Board of the American Bap- 
tist Missionary Union had decided to send a depu- 
tation to the East to look after their various mission 
stations, and they appointed Dr. Granger to accom- 
pany Dr. Peck, the foreign secretary, on this im- 
portant journey. Eighteen months were spent in 
accomplishing the work which had been under- . 
taken, and they were months of severe, unremit- 
ting toil, passed amid the heats and malaria of an 
Oriental climate. Dr. Granger returned to his 
church with the seeds of disease and death im- 
planted in his system. He was not permitted long 
to labor as the faithful minister and the aff'ectionate 
pastor. The disease which he had contracted in 
the East forbade the hope that he would rally from 
it. He lingered for some months, and then died 
Jan. 5, 1857. 

Dr. Granger was one of the ablest, most pure- 
minded, and unselfish ministers that has ever been 
raised up in the Baptist denomination. He was, 
in the best sense of the word, a wise man. His 
judgments about men and measures were generally 
proved to be correct. He possessed, to a remarkable 
degree, the elements of a noble Christian character. 
It is a good deal to be able to declare, as his most 
familiar friend, Dr. Caswell, has said of his pastor, 
" during a period of more than fourteen years of 
intimate, of unreserved, and confidential intercourse 
I never knew him utter a sentence or do an act 
which, if spread before the world, would in any 
manner detract from the purest Christian character. 
His purposes were all open and generous and good. 
In the very nobleness of his nature he was inca- 
pable of guile. He possessed, in an eminent degree, 
that attribute rarer than genius, rarer than high 



GRANT 



GRAVES 



endowments of intellect, — an attribute almost un- 
known to the aspirants after worldly fame and 
joy, — a perfect candor and fairness of mind with 
respect to the claims of others." 

It seems a mystery that one with such quali- 
ties of character, and capable of doing so much 
good, should have been taken away in the very 
ripeness and maturity of his powers. Cut off, 
however, so early. Dr. Granger has left to the de- 
nomination he served so faithfully the rich legacy 
of a bright example and a beautiful Christian 
character. 

Grant, Stillman Bailey, D.D., one of four sons 
of a Baptist minister, all of whom became Baptist 
preachers, was born in Bolton, N. Y., Oct. 26, 
1819 ; graduated from Madison University, N. Y. ; 
the next year was ordained as pastor of the Baptist 
church in Granville, N. Y., and remained three 
years ; settled in South Adams, Mass., and in 
Wallingford, Conn., then in New Haven, then in 
New London, where he remained nine years ; in 
1867 became pastor of the First Baptist church in 
Hartford, where he remained till his death, Dec. 17, 
1874 ; positive yet tender, decided yet charitable, 
clear in his views, sound in the faith of Christ ; his 
labors crowned with much fruit. 

Graves, Rev. Absalom, a minister of Boone 
Co., Ky., distinguished for his zeal, piety, and great 
success, was born in Culpeper Co., Va., Nov. 28, 
1768. He received a liberal education. In his 
twentieth year he professed religion, and united 
with the Baptist church at the Rapidan meeting- 
house. In 1797 he removed to Boone Co., Ky., and 
united with Bullittsburg church. He held some 
civil offices, the duties of which he discharged 
with wisdom and fidelity. He was licensed to 
preach in 1810, ordained in 1812, and became the 
stated preacher at Bullittsburg and some other 
churches, laboring extensively as an evangelist. 
He was among the first in Kentucky to espouse the 
cause of foreign missions, and was a zealous co- 
laborer of Luther Rice in this work. He compiled 
a hymn-book, known as "Graves's Hymns," that 
became popular. He died Aug. 17, 1826. 

Graves, Alfred C, D.D., a great-grandson of 
Absalom Graves, was born in Boone Co., Ky., 
Jan. 5, 1838. He united with Bullittsburg Bap- 
tist church in 1853. In 1855 the church "encour- 
aged him to exercise his gift." He was educated 
at Georgetown College, and finished his course in 
theology at the Western Baptist Theological Semi- 
nary, Ky., in 1860. He was ordained to the min- 
istry, and took charge of the Baptist church at 
Harrodsburg, Ky., the same year. In 1863 he was 
pastor of Jefferson Street church in Louisville, also 
edited the Western Recorder several years, and sup- 
plied the pulpit of Portland Avenue church. While 
in Louisville, he wrote " La Rue"s Ministry of 



Faith," which passed through two editions. In 1867 
he took charge of Stamping Ground church, in Scott 
Co., Ky. In 1871 he accepted a call to the Baptist 
church in Manchester, N. H. He remained there 
about six years. During this pastorate the church 
built a house of worship, at a ci)st of $75,000, and 
received 171 members. In 1877, his health being 
impaired, he returned to his native State, and soon 
afterwards took charge of the Baptist church at 
Lebanon, Ky., where he now ministers. 

Graves, Hon. Calvin. — The Graves family, of 
Caswell County, N. C, have long been distinguished 
for intelligence and virtue. The mother of the sub- 
ject of this sketch was the daughter of Col. John 
Williams, who received his military appointment 
from the general Congress of the provinces in 1775, 
and afterwards was distinguished for bravery in the 
Revolutionary war. Mr. Graves was prepared for 
college by Rev. Wm. Bingham ; spent but one year 
at Chapel Hill, and read law with Judge Thos. Set- 
tle and Chief Justice Leonard Henderson. He was 
admitted to the bar in 1827, and soon entered upon 
a large practice. He became a public man in 1835, 
having been elected a delegate to the convention 
called to revise the constitution of the State. He 
was chosen as a member of the House of Commons 
in 1840, and soon became a leader of his party. He 
was Speaker of the House in 1842. He was a mem- 
ber of the State senate in 1846, and again in 1848, 
when he gave the casting vote, as Speaker, in favor 
of the Central Railroad, and against the wishes of 
his constituents, because he thought it was for the 
good of the State. Mr. Graves became a Baptist in 
1837, and preserved a consistent Christian character 
through all his professional and political career, 
lie was twice married, and died Feb. 11, 1877, in 
his seventy-fourth year. 

Graves, Rev. Henry C, was born in Deerfield, 
Mass. He pursued his academic studies at Shel- 
bonrne Falls and East Hampton Academies, and 
was a graduate of Amherst College in the class 
of 1856. He studied at Newton two years, and 
was ordained March 9, 1858. He was pastor of 
the Bunker Hill church, in Charlestown, Mass., 
five years, when he removed to Providence, R. I., 
and became pastor of what was then the Brown 
Street Baptist church, since united with the Third, 
to form the Union Baptist church of Providence. 
'J'his pastorate continued for eleven years. Mr. 
Graves removed to Fall River, Mass., in 1874, and 
became pastor of the Second Baptist church in that 
city, where he now resides. In his fields of labor 
the Lord has greatly blessed his ministrations. 

Graves, Rev. Hiram Atwell, was born in 
Wendall, Mass., April 5, 1813. He was a child 
of remarkable precocity. Within three months 
from the time his parents allowed him the use of a 
book, he had learned to read, and when he was 



GRAVES 



466 



GRAVES 



four years old he had read the New Testament 
through. lie might have been prepared for col- 
lege when he was not much over twelve had he not 
been restrained by his parents. Soon after reach- 
ing the age of thirteen he gave good evidence of 
conversion, and was baptized by his father and 
received into the membership of the church of 
which he was pastor. He graduated at Middle- 
bury College, Vt., in 1834. When twenty-three 
years of age he was ordained in Springfield, Mass. 
His pastorate was a brief one. Failing health com- 
pelled him to resign, and for the same reason he 
gave up his ministry in Lynn, whither he had gone 
on leaving Springfield. In 1842 he became the 
editor of the Christian Reflector, a Baptist weekly 
newspaper, published in Boston. He entered upon 
the duties of the office when the fortunes of the 
paper were at their lowest ebb. At once it was evi- 
dent that an energetic man was at the helm ofaffiiirs. 
The moribund paper was lifted into new life. Its 
subscription list increased largely, and it was a 
power in the denomination, which made itself felt 
in every direction. At length it was united with 
the Christian Watchman, and under the new name 
of the Watchvian and Reflector it was the most 
popular Baptist paper in all New England. 

Such hard and constant strain on his nervous 
system, as he was forced to endure to bring his 
paper up to the point where he finally left it, 
thoroughly exhausted him, and he was compelled 
to retire from his editorial chair and seek rest and 
recuperation in a milder climate. Three or four 
years were spent in the island of Jamaica. His 
disease was probably held in check, but it was not 
subdued. Feeling satisfied that he could not re- 
cover, he returned to his native land, and after 
lingering a few weeks, he died at his father's house 
in Bristol, R. I., Nov. 3, 1850. 

The fame of Mr. Graves rests upon his accom- 
plishments as an editor. Of him, as working in 
this department of Christian labor, Dr. Turnbull 
says, " He formed the character and laid the foun- 
dation of the prosperity of the Watchnan and Re- 
flector, the leading Baptist journal in New Eng- 
land, and one of the best papers in the country. 
Easy, versatile, and graceful, apt, also, in a high 
degree, with sufficient spice of wit and vigor, al- 
ways sensiljle and often eloquent, his leaders, short 
or long, were the first things caught by apprecia- 
tive readers. In full sympathy with the spirit of 
Christianity and the progress of the age in all 
benevolent enterprises, he threw himself into the 
grand movement of the church for the salvation of 
the world. Our educational, missionary, and phi- 
lanthi-opic schemes are largely indebted to his ju- 
dicious, earnest advocacy." 

Graves, Rev. J. M., was born in Shrewsbury, 
Mass., in 1794, and stu'lied for the ministry with 



Rev. Dr. Going, of Worcester. He was ordained 
at Royalton, Mass., where he remained several 
years. He was pastor also for a time of the church 
in Wardell, Mass. Subsequently ho devoted fifteen 
years of his life to pastoral work in Vermont. He 
was pastor also of churches in East Boston and 
Methuen, Mass. For a time he supplied the 
churches at Brighton and West Newton, and was 
in the service of the Massachusetts Baptist State 
Convention. He was a faithful minister of the 
gospel. His death occurred at Charlestown, Mass., 
Jan. 15, 1870. 

Graves, J. R., LL.D., was born in Chester, Vt., 
April 10, 1820. On his father's side he 




J. R. GRAVES, LL.D. 

from a French Huguenot, who fled to America, 
most of whose family perished at the revocation 
of the Edict of Nantes, who settled in the village 
of Chester, Vt. His mother was the granddaugh- 
ter of a distinguished German physician and 
scholar named Schnell. Dr. Graves is the youngest 
of three children. His father died suddenly when 
he was but three weeks old, and although a partner 
in a prosperous mercantile house, the business was 
so managed that but little was left to the stricken 
widow. Young Graves was converted at fifteen, 
and was baptized into the fellowship of the Baptist 
church of North Springfield, Vt. In his nineteenth 
year he was elected principal of the Kingsville 
Academy, 0., where he remiiined two years, when 
with impaired health he went for the winter to 
Kentucky. There he took charge of the Clear 
Creek Academy, near Nieholasville, Jessamine 



GRA VES 



467 



GRA VES 



Co. About that time he united with the Mount 
Fi-eedoin church, and was soon licensed to preach 
without his knowledge, but he would not enter the 
ministry, feeling himself wholly disqualified for so 
great a work. For four years he gave six hours to 
the school-room and eight to study, going over a 
college course without a teacher, masteringa modern 
language yearly, making the Bible the man of his 
counsel, and Paul his instructor in theology. These 
years of hard study and self-reliant investigation 
gave the peculiar character which belongs to his 
preaching and reasoning. From the time of his 
conversion he was impressed with the duty of pro- 
claiming the gospel, and always shaped his studies 
with a view to the ministry as his life-work, but 
breathed this secret to no one. He was called to 
ordination by his church against his desire. The 
venerable Dr. Dillard, of Lexington, Ky., was 
the chairman of the examining Presbytery, and 
preached the sermon on the occasion. He came to 
Nashville, Tenn., July 3, 1845. In a few days he 
rented a building and opened the Vine Street Clas- 
sical and Mathematical Academy, andsliortly after- 
wards united with the First Baptist church. In 
the fall of 1845 he took charge of the Second 
church, on Cherry Street, now the Central Baptist 
church, and the following year he was elected edi- 
tor of the Tennessee Baptist, when his public re- 
ligious career, with which all are more or less 
familiar, commenced. It is difficult to give even a 
brief summary of the work accomplished and the 
influence exerted by a mind so active, an intellect 
s6 great, and a genius so uncommon. 

When in the autumn of 1846 he took charge of 
the Tennessee Baptist, it had a circulation of only 
1000, and before the breaking out of the war it 
had attained the largest circulation of any Baptist 
paper in the world, and it is doubtful if any paper 
ever exerted a wider denominational influence. At 
the same time he edited a monthly, a quarterly, and 
an annual, besides editing all the books that were 
issued from the presses of the Southwestern Pub- 
lishing House. In addition he has written and 
published the following works : " The Desire of All 
Nations," " The Watchman's Reply," "The Tri- 
lemma," "The First Baptist Church in America,"' 
" The Little Iron Wheel," " The Great Iron Wheel," 
" Tiie Bible Doctrine of the Middle Life," " Expo- 
sition of Modern Spiritism," which, for origi- 
nality and thoroughness, has received the com- 
mendation of the first scholars of the age, " The 
New Hymn and Tune Book," " The Little Seraph," 
and last, "Old Landmavkism, What It Is." He 
has edited and brought before the public, American 
editions of very valuable works, — Robinson's " His- 
tory of Baptism," Wall's " History of Infant Bap- 
tism," Orchard's " History of Foreign and English 
Baptists," " Stownrton Baptism," and other minor 



works. But he considers that the great theological 
work of liis life is now passing through the press, 
entitled " The Work of Christ in Seven Dispensa- 
tions." 

He originated the first Ministers' Institute. He 
raised without compensation the endowment of the 
theological chair in Union University, and without 
charge he established the Mary Sharpe College. 
Winchester, Tenn., securing the necessary funds, 
and he drafted its admirable curriculum. 

In 1848 he originated the Southwestern Publish- 
ing House, Nashville, Tenn., for the dissemination 
of sound Baptist literature, and subsequently the 
Southern Baptist Sunday-School Union, both of 
which achieved great success, but were destroyed 
by the war. In 1870 he presented the plan of the 
Southern Bajitist Publication Society to the Big 
Ilatchie Association of Tennessee, by which it wa* 
approved ; and in the summer of 1874 he turned 
over to the society $130,000, which he had raised 
in cash and bonds, as an endowment ; but owing 
to the financial crisis which succeeded, and other 
causes, the society has suspended. 

He is a great preacher, following unusual lines- 
of thought. lie is pre-eminently doctrinal, yet 
Christ crucified is the soul of every sermon. He- 
is lengthy, yet he holds the attention of his audi- 
ence to the last. He insists strongly upon the 
form, rights, and duties of the true church, and 
yet he always places Christ before the church, and 
upon water baptism, and baptism properly admin- 
istered, yet he places the blood of Christ before 
water. In power of illustration, in earnestness 
of denunciation, in force of logic, in boldness of 
thought, and, at times, in tenderness of soul, he 
has few peers. His eloquence is sometimes over- 
whelming. A judge in the city of Memphis, on 
"brief day," in lecturing the bar upon the im- 
portance of a clear statement of propositions, once 
remarked, " The gift is as rare as genius, but is 
still susceptible of cultivation. Of living ministers- 
I know of no one who possesses it in a higher de- 
gree than Dr. Graves, of the First Baptist church, 
in this city. He lays down his propositions so- 
clearly that they, come with the force of axioms 
that need no demonstration." It is not remarkable 
that a man of such force of intellect has taken 
bold and advanced positions, coming in conflict; 
with the opinions of many even in his own denom- 
ination. He is the acknowledged head of the great 
movement among Baptists known as " Old Land- 
markism." With all the strong blows he has in- 
j flicted upon error he is one of the kindest of living 
men. 

In his early ministry, Dr. Graves had many con- 
verts under his preaching. The writer was with 
him on one occasion in Brownsville, Teiin., in 
1849, where more than seventy persons, including 



GRA VES 



GRA VES 



the best men and women of the place, found the 
Saviour. His arguments, illustrations, and appeals 
were the most powerful he ever heard. Before he 
was thirty years of age over 1300 persons had pro- 
fessed religion in special meetings which he held. 

In 1853 the Domestic Mission Board of the 
Southern Baptist Convention were exceedingly 
anxious to establish a strong Baptist church in New 
Orleans. To secure this object they invited Dr. 
Fuller, of Baltimore, to go to that city as a mis- 
sionary. He was the most eloquent preacher in 
the South, and he had no superior in the North, 
but he declined the request. Then they formally 
appointed Dr. Graves to the position with a salary 
of $3000 per annum. The work to be done, the 
place where it was to be performed, and the ex- 
traordinary salary for that day which they offered, 
showed their gi-eat appreciation of his pulpit gifts. 
Dr. Graves has a wonderful command over his 
audience, holding them spell-bound for hours at a 
time. He is deeply in earnest, utters the strong 
convictions of his own mind, and carries his hearers 
with him as by the force of a tornado. And this 
is true of all classes, — teachers, doctors, lawyers, 
judges, statesmen. At a session of the Georgia 
Baptist Convention before the late war, Joseph E. 
Brown, then governor of Georgia, in a speech be- 
fore the Convention upon the obligations of Baptists 
to give to the world a pure Bible litei-ature, said, 
" There is one man who has done more than any 
fifty men now living to enable the Baptists of 
America to know their own history and their own 
principles, and to make the world know them, and 
that man is the brother on my right," bowing to 
the editor of the Tennessee Baptist, Dr. Graves, 
who was present. 

As a presiding officer over deliberative bodies. 
Dr. Graves has often been honored, and no man 
more richly deserves it. Dr. Graves has had some 
eight or ten public discussions, to each of which 
he was challenged, .and in every one of which his 
opponent felt sorry for inviting the conflict. 

Dr. Graves in his peculiarities represents a sec- 
tion of the Baptist denomination, a conscientious 
aTid devoted portion of our great apostolic com- 
munity, but in his earnest and generous zeal for 
our heaven-inspired principles he represents all 
thorough Baptists throughout the ages and the 
nations. In his literary efforts he has rendered 
immense service to the Baptist churches of America. 
The republication of Robinson's " History of Bap- 
tism" and Wall's "History of Infant Baptism," 
with his able introductions, and the other historical 
works which have been issued through his instru- 
mentality, have exerted a vast influence in favor 
of the oldest denomination in Christendom. The 
fearless boldness of Dr. Graves in advocating the 
practices of Christ and his Apostles, his manly de- 



nunciations of that ungodly charity that would 
tread under foot a divine ordinance to please un- 
taught professing Christians of Pedobaptist denom- 
inations, have aided mightily in suppressing luke- 
warmness, and in fostering zeal for the truth among 
us. The Alabama Baptist, Dr. E. T. Winkler 
editor, truly says, " Extreme as the views of Dr. 
Graves have by many been regarded as being, there 
is no question that they have powerfully contributed 
to the correction of a false liberalism that was cur- 
rent in many quarters thirty years ago." Dr. S. 
H. Ford, in his Christian Repository, gives his ap- 
proval to this statement, saying, "We fully indorse 
this just commendation of the efforts of Dr. Graves. 
We differ with him in some things, but we honor 
his heroic life-work in meeting and exposing error 
wherever uttered." 

Graves, Samuel, D.D., son of John and Betsey 
(Cilley) Graves, was born in Ackworth, N. IL, 




SAMUEL GRAVES, D.D. 

March 15, 1820. At the age of seventeen he was 
apprenticed to E. & T. Fairbanks & Co., scale 
manufacturers, in St. Johnsbury, Vt. ; but at the 
end of two years his strong desire for an educa- 
tion led to the close of his apprenticeship, and he 
went to Madison University, N. Y. Here he i-e- 
mained until 1846, completing the collegiate and 
theological course of study. During the two years 
of his divinity course, and for one year following, 
he served the university as tutor in Greek. 

In 1848 he became pastor in Ann Arbor, Mich. 
During three years of service in this field he saw 
the church increase from 62 to 216 members. In 



GRA VES 



469 



GRAY 



1851 he became Professor of Greek in Kalamazoo 
College, and of Systematic Theology in the Theo- 
logical Seminary. During the eight years that 
followed he rendered excellent service and had the 
fullest confidence of the friends of these institu- 
tions. In 1859 he took charge of the First Baptist 
cliurch in Norwich, Conn., and enjoyed a prosper- 
ous pastorate of ten years. 

January 1, 1870, he entered upon his work as 
pastor of the Baptist church in Grand Rapids, and 
has held the office till now. During his ministry 
the church has prospered far beyond its previous 
experience, and a commodious and elegant house 
of worship has been built. In 1872 he spent seven 
months in Europe and the Holy Land. In 1871-72 
he was president of the Baptist State Convention 
of Michigan. In 1879 he preached the annual 
sermon before the American Baptist Missionary 
Union. He has an eminently catholic spirit, and is 
greatly respected and beloved by his brethren in 
the ministry. 

Graves, Z. C, LL.D., was bom in 1816, in 
Chester, Vt. He is the brother of Dr. J. R. 
Graves, of Memphis, Tenn. In early life he was 
frail, and unfitted to bear hardships, and by 
the advice of a physician he was sent to a farm 
to secure health from its pure air and strength- 
ening exercises. Here he remained until his six- 
teenth year, working upon the farm during the 
summer, and attending the winter school for three 
or four months each year. It was in the latter 
part of this year that he united with the Baptist 
church in North Springfield. His insatiable thirst 
for books led to his return home, that he might 
enter Chester Academy. He prosecuted its classi- 
cal and mathematical course for five or six terms. 
From it he went to the Baptist High or Normal 
School, at Ludlow, where he pursued his studies 
until twenty-one, supporting himself by teach- 
ing district schools three or four months each 
winter. 

The wonderful success of the winter schools 
which he taught during these training years, the 
great interest taken in their studies by his scholars, 
and their proficiency, marked him out as the coming 
teacher before he had finished his education. At 
the age of twenty-one he went West, and opened a 
private school in Ashtabula, 0., where becoming 
known as a successful teacher, upon the resignation 
of his brother, J. R. Graves, he was elected prin- 
cipal of Kingsville Academy, situated in a neat 
little village on the shore of Lake Erie, midway 
between Ashtabula and Conneaut. Here he mar- 
ried Miss Adelia C. Spencer, an intellectual and 
accomplished lady, who has been for thirty years 
associated with him as matron of the Mary Sharpe 
College, and known in literary circles as the au- 
thoress of " Jephtha's Daughter," a poem of rare 



excellence, and her master-piece, " Seclusaval ; or, 
the Arts of Romanism." 

As principal of this academy our young teacher 
achieved a success without a parallel in the history 
of Western schools and academies. His fame drew 
patronage not from surrounding counties only, but 
from adjoining States. Men who have become 
eminent as jurists and statesmen, missionaries, 
professors, and presidents of colleges, received their 
academic training under Mr. Graves in this school. 

It was in 1850 that the Mary Sharpe Female 
College was founded in Winchester, Franklin Co., 
Tenn., to be what its name indicates, a college 
whose curriculum, with but few changes, is that 
of Brown University. It was intended that the 
graduates of this college should be able to pass an 
examination with the Seniors of that university, or 
of the University of Virginia, and this it has con- 
fessedly accomplished. 

When tliis school was ready to be opened, the 
name of Z. C. Graves was placed before the trustees 
by his brother, J. R. Graves, through whose influ- 
ence and labors mainly the college had been founded, 
and a correspondence opened which resulted in his 
election to the presidency, which position he has 
filled with distinguished ability for over thirty years. 
The high character of this institution is known 
North and South, and has justly won the title from 
scholars and educators of " The Female University 
of the South." Dr. Graves has made the success 
of this university his life-work, and his labors have 
been truly herculean. He attributes his iron con- 
stitution and unequaled powers of endurance in 
the class-room to the combined mental and physi- 
cal training of his youth. He has in forty years 
lost but two or three days from the school-room from 
sickness, and fewer days from pleasure, and is now, 
at sixty-four, mentally and physically as active and 
vigorous as most men at forty. He has educated 
in part and graduated about four thousand young 
ladies at the Mary Sharpe College, who are occupy- 
ing the first positions in social life, and not a few 
of them are among the noted teachers of the South. 
It is impossible to tell how much Dr. Graves has 
done for the higher education and elevation of 
woman during his long and unusually useful career 
as an instructor. 

Dr. Graves is a man of great modesty, of a very 
penetrating mind, highly cultured, and beloved by 
all his pupils, and as widely as he is known. 

Gray, Rev. Davis Dimock, was born in AVind- 

ham, WyoTning Co., Pa., May 2, 1808. He was bap- 
tized and became a member of the Braintrim church, 
Wyoming Co., Pa., on Sept. 25, 1831. He was li- 
censed by this church May 24, 1834, and ordained by 
the Bridgewater Association, acting as a council, 
Aug. 26, 1836. In the exercise of a long and use- 
ful ministry he has preached as supply, before or- 



GEAY 



GREEN 



dination, to the Jackson, New Milford, and Union 
churches. Since his ordination he has served as 
pastor of the Union, in Luzerne Co., the Jackson 
iind New Milford, in Susquehanna Co., Honesdale, 
Wayne Co., Penn's Neck (now Princeton), N. J., 
and in November, 1849, he returned to the place 
of his nativity, as pastor of the Braintrim church, 
whicli he still serves. During this last pastorate 
he has preached over 3000 sermons. While serv- 
ing the Jackson church, Rev. D. D. Gray had the 
pleasure of baptizing his younger brother, H. 
H. Gray, who also became a prominent minister 
among the churches of the Bridgewater and Wyo- 
ming Associations. His death occurred in 1-878. 
The influence of both these brethren has been only 
for good ; it tended to promote a high standard of 
holy living. The life of the elder is still the heri- 
tage of the militant church, the death of the younger 
is precious in the sight of the Lord. 

Gray, Edgar Harkness, D.D., was born in 
Bridport, Vt., Nov. 28, 1815. Having lost his 
father while only nine years of age, he was placed 
with a neighboring fjxrmer until he was four- 
teen. He was converted at the age of twelve. 
At fourteen he was apprenticed to the printing 
business in Burlington, Vt. Subsequently he re- 
moved to St. Alban's, where, after a serious ill- 
ness, he decided to prepare for the ministry. He 
left his business, retired to his native town, and 
attended a select school, paying his expenses by 
teaching primary classes in the school. In 1834 he 
entered Waterville College, Me. (Colby University). 
After graduating he studied theology with the Rev. 
R. E. Pattison, D.D., the president of the college, 
find the Rev. S. F. Smith, D.D., then pastor of the 
Baptist church in Waterville. Dr. Gray's first set- 
tlement in the ministry was at Freeport, Me., where 
he was ordained in 1839, being then twenty-five 
years of age. Here he remained five years, blessed 
in his labors. In 1844 he removed to Shelburne 
Falls, Mass. Subsequently, in 1847, he was settled 
at Bath, Me., and then, by unanimous request, re- 
turned to Shelburne Falls in 1850. In 1863 he ac- 
cepted a call to the E Street Baptist church, Wash- 
ington, D. C, where his labors resulted in the 
general prosperity of the church. In 1863, Dr. 
Oray returned again to his old field of labor, Shel- 
burne Falls, and after three years' residence there, 
he removed again, in 1873, to Washington, to take 
charge of a new interest known as the North Bap- 
tist church. Here he remained until July, 1878, 
when he resigned to enter upon the work of church 
extension in California. In 1864 the University of 
Rochester, N. Y., conferred upon him the honorary 
degree of D.D. At the commencement of the 
Thirty-ninth Congress, Dr. Gray was elected chap- 
lain of the U. S. Senate, and continued in that 
position four years. Dr. Gray was one of the four 



clergymen who officiated at the funeral of Presi- 
dent Lincoln, and among others, conducted the ser- 
vices in connection with the burial of the Hon. 
Thaddeus Stevens, of Pa., pronouncing also a 
eulogy in the rotunda of the Capitol over the re- 
mains. 

Grebel, Conrad. See article Anabaptists. 

Greece, Mission to.— The first Baptist mission- 
aries sent to Greece were Rev. II. T. Love and Rev. 
C. Pasco, with their wives, who sailed from this 
country Oct. 24, 1836, and commenced their labors 
at Patras, where a school was opened in 1837, and 
the Scriptures and religious tracts were freely dis- 
tributed among the people. Some opposition was 
manifested by the Holy Synod of the Greek Church, 
but this only stimulated tlie curiosity of the people 
to read the forbidden books. In September, 1838, 
a new station was established at Zante, one of the 
Ionian Islands. Mrs. II. E. Dickson, at one time a 
teacher in the Governmental Female Boarding- 
School in Corfu, arrived in Patras, Feb. 15, 1840, 
and commenced her labors as an assistant to Mr. 
and Mrs. Love. The health of Mr. Pasco having 
failed, the station at Zante was abandoned. For 
the same reason Mr. Love was obliged to leave 
Patras, and a new station was commenced at Corfu 
in April, 1840. The first Greek baptized by Mr. 
Love was Apostolos, who became his assistant. 
Rev. R. F. Buel and wife joined the mission June 
18, 1841. Special hostility was awakened against 
Mr. Buel, who was falsely charged with having 
distributed tracts against one of the favorite saints 
of the people. A mob was raised, and Mr. Buel 
was compelled to leave Corfu. Mr. Love, in ill 
health, returned to the United States in the spring 
of 1843. Rev. A. N. Arnold and wife and Miss 
Waldo arrived at Corfu, Feb. 17, 1844. Together 
with Mrs, Dickson they labored for some time in 
Corfu ; in 1851 they removed to Athens. Mis- 
sionary work was carried on until their return to 
the United States in 1855. Mr. Buel soon followed 
them, and the mission ceased to be under the pat- 
ronage of the Missionary Union until 1872, when 
Rev. D. Sakellarius was appointed a missionary. 
Mr. Sakellarius and his wife have with fidelity 
performed the duties which they have assumed, 
but the progress of evangelical religion in Greece 
has been slow. 

Green, E.ev. A. B., for many years a devoted 
and very successful missionary in the La Crosse 
and St. Croix valleys. Wis., was born in AVar- 
ren, Vt., and died at Whitewater, Wis., Sept. 26, 
1878, aged fifty-two years. He was converted 
when about thirty years old at Lakeland, Minn. 
He was ordained May 16, 1860, by the Baptist 
church at Prescott. He at once commenced with 
great zeal his work as a Christian minister. Before 
entering the ministry he practised law, and held 



GREEN 



471 



GREENE 



the office of sheriff and judge in the county where 
he resided. After serving several churches as pas- 
tor he entered, in 1870, upon the great work of his 
life, that of pioneer missionary in the St. Croix and 
La Crosse valleys. It would be impossible to re- 
late in the brief space allotted for the purpose liis 
almost superhuman labors and grand triumphs on 
this field. He planted churches and built meeting- 
houses at almost every important point. His mis- 
sionary tours extended over hundreds of miles, 
often through dense forests and wide unsettled 
districts, frequently made on foot, and requiring a 
physical fortitude and patient self-sacrifice almost 
unparalleled. He died in the full triumph of faith, 
having literally given his life to the work of mis- 
sions. 

Green, Rev. David, was born in Virginia. He 
was converted in youth, and gave himself soon 
after to the work of the ministry. In his early 
days he was very successful in the Carolinas. lie 
removed to Kentucky. In 1805 he visited Missouri, 
and in 1806 settled in it, and in the month of June 
of that year he organized Bethel church, the first 
in Missouri. He served this church as pastor till 
1809, when he ceased from his labors, and entered 
upon his eternal reward. 

Green, Rev. Moses, pastor at Beebe, Ark., was 
born in North Carolina in 1818, and reared in West 
Tennessee, began to preach in 1844, was ordained 
in 1850; graduated at Union University, Tenn., 
and shortly afterwards became pastor at Somer- 
ville, Tenn., where he remained three years ; was 
Professor of Greek in Madison College ; removed to 
Arkansas in 1860, and settled at Austin, where he 
aided in the organization of a church ; Mr. Green 
has filled a number of important positions in the 
State, and traveled much as an evangelist. He has 
been a constant contributor to the religious press, 
and has gained much reputation as a writer. 

Green, Rev. William R., was bom Jan. 24, 

1823, in Tenn., and died Jan. 25, 1879, in Knob- 
noster, Mo. He was ordained at Murfreesborough, 
Tenn., by Rev. -J. H. Eaton, LL.D. He graduated in 
1854. He was pastor at C larks ville and Nashville, 
Tenn. About twenty years of his life were spent 
in Missouri. Rev. N. T. Alliso:j, who knew him 
well, says he was sound in doctrine and pure in con- 
duct. He fell from a railroad bridge, an accident 
which caused him years of suflPei-ing, yet he patiently 
performed his work down to the end of life. 

Greene, Rev. G. W., was born in Watauga Co., 
N. C, June 27, 1852; baptized in 1865 ; graduated 
at Wake Forest College in 1870; graduated at 
Theological Seminary at Granville, S. C, in 1875, 
and is now master of the Moravian Falls Academy 
and pastor of several churches. 

Greene, Rev. Jonathan R., was born in Chester, 
Vt., in 1801. He united with the church in Caven- 



dish, Vt., in 1831. His business prospects were 
very flattering. He had a pleasant home in Caven- 
dish, and the future of his life looked most hopeful. 
The call of God came to him in the midst of this 
worldly prosperity, to leave all and devote himself 
to the work of preaching the gospel. After some 
.struggles, the call was obeyed. He removed to 
Newport, N. H., where he put himself under the 
tuition of Rev. Ira Pearson. His ordination oc- 
curred at Ackworth, N. H. He was pastor of the 
churches in Bradford, Ackworth, Unity, and Han- 
over, N. II., and Hardwich, Derby, and Passumpsic, 
Vt. He believed in revivals, and aimed to secure 
them in the churches of which he was the pastor. 
He died at Factory Point. Manchester, Vt., Sept. 
19, 1852. 

Greene, Judge Roger Sherman, chief justice 

of the U. S. Supreme Court, Seattle, Washington 




JUDGE ROGER SHERMAN GREENE. 

Territory, son of Rev. David Greene, a Congre- 
gational minister, was born at Roxbury, Mass., 
Dec. 14, 1840. His father was one of the corre- 
sponding secretaries of the American Board of 
Commissioners for Foreign Missions. His mother 
was granddaughter of Roger Sherman, of Con- 
necticut. In 1848 his father retired to a farm in 
Westborough, Mass., where the mother died in 
1850. In 1851 their home was burned, and the 
family settled at Windsor, Vt. Young Roger 
studied in the common schools of Roxbury, West- 
borough, and Windsor, and graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in 1859. He engaged in teaching at 
Windsor, and Falmouth, Mass., and New London, 



GREENE 



GREENE 



Conn., studying law until he was eighteen. lie 
settled in New York City ; was clerk and student 
in the law-office of Evarts, Southinayd & Choate 
until September, 1862; admitted to the bar in May, 
1862. In October, 1862, he entered the army as 
second lieutenant, Co. I, 3d Missouri Inf. Pro- 
moted to first lieutenant; and in August, 1863, be- 
came captain of Co. C, 51st U. S. Colored Inf., 
holding the position until discharged, in November, 
1865, for sickness contracted in line of duty. He 
took part in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, Ar- 
kansas Post. Vicksburg, Fort Blakely, and other 
minor conflicts ; was with his regiment in everj"^ 
Southern and border State, except Texas. ■ At 
Vicksburg he was wounded in the right arm. May 
22, 1863; was judge-advocate of the district of 
Vicksburg in 1864-65 ; held the same position in 
the Military Division of Western Louisiana. After 
the war settled, in 1866, at Chicago, practising law 
until 1870, when he was appointed by President 
Grant associate justice of the Supreme Court in 
Washington Territory, and settled at Olympia. In 
1878 he was promoted to the office of chief justice 
by President Hayes, and moved to Seattle. In 1866 
was married to Miss Grace E. Wooster, of Connec- 
ticut, a devoted Christian. In early life he had 
deep religious impressions, which recurred at dif- 
ferent periods until his conversion, in 1868. From 
1863 to 1868 he was exercised on the subject of bap- 
tism. His family were Pedobaptist, his wife a Bap- 
tist, both wished to be in unison, and believed they 
could be, but only in the truth. He saw that it was 
his duty and privilege to be immersed, and in 1871 
he was baptized, and joined the newly formed Bap- 
tist church at Olympia. It was an occasion of great 
joy, enlarged Christian experience, and peace in 
the Lord. He was soon chosen deacon, and in 
1874 was ordained pastor, serving one year, until 
ill health and overwork compelled him to resign. 
He had been clerk and moderator of the Puget 
Sound and British Columbia Baptist Association, 
and is now its treasurer. His membership is with 
the Olympia church. He is an upright judge, an 
earnest Christian, a Baptist from deep conviction, 
a brother whose praise is in all the churches. 

Greene, Rev. Samuel H., was born in Enos- 
burg, Franklin Co., Vt., Dec. 25, 1845. In 1847 
his family removed to Montgomery Centre, Vt., 
and he continued to reside there until 1868. He 
pursued with great diligence his academic studies 
at the seminaries in Fairfax and Brandon, Vt., and 
also in Norwich University. Mr. Greene for some 
time engaged in mercantile pursuits, and in 1867 
was elected siiperintendent of public schools, in 
which capacity he served with marked efficiency 
and success. He united with a Baptist church in 
1866, and was licensed to preach in 1868. He 
pursued his collegiate and theological studies at 



Madison University, N. Y., graduating from college 
in 1873, and from the theological seminary in 1875. 
In the year of his graduation he was ordained as 
pastor of the Baptist church at Cazenovia, N. Y., 
where he labored with great success until Decem- 
ber, 1879, at which time he resigned to accept the 
pastorate of the Calvary Baptist church, Washing- 
ton, D. C. Mr. Greene is an earnest, polished, and 
interesting speaker, winning and holding the atten- 
tion of an audience from the opening of his dis- 
course ; he is a pastor in whose visits old and 
young delight; and whose genial manners and 
gentle bearing make him a general favorite. Cal- 
vary church is growing both in numbers and 
strength under his faithful ministrations. 

Greene, Samuel StiUman, LL.D., was born at 
Belchertown, Mass., May 3, 1810, and graduated 




SAMUEL STILLMAN GREENE, LL.D. 

at Brown University in the class of 1837. Prof. 
Greene has devoted his entire professional life to 
the cause of education in one form or another, and 
occupies a distinguished place among the educators 
of our country. He has taught in the grammar 
and English high schools of Boston, and has been 
superintendent of schools in the cities of Spring- 
field and Providence. He was Professor of Didac- 
tics in Brown University from 1851 to 1855, when 
he was appointed Professor of Mathematics and 
Civil Engineering, and in 1864 Professor of Me- 
chanics and Astronomy, which chair he now holds. 
Prof. Greene has occupied for many years a prom- 
inent place in several educational organizations, 
and by his pen has contributed largely to the cause 



GREENE 



473 



GREGORY 



of education. He has also prepared several text- 
books, his "Analysis" and Grammars having had 
a wide circulation all over the country. Brown 
University and the Worcester Academy are greatly 
indebted to him for the successful efforts he has 
made in many ways to add to their efficiency as 
institutions of learning. 

Greene, Rev. Thomas ■Waterman, was born 

at Stamford, Conn., Feb. 10, 1837. He was a 
grandson of the revolutionary general, Nathaniel 
Greene. His father was a Congregational deacon, 
his mother a preceptress in the family of Rev. Dr. 
"Wayland. In 1838 his parents settled at Meta- 
mora, 111. Here he was converted at the age of 
thirteen, and was baptized in March, 1852. He 
graduated from Shurtleff College in 1860, and from 
Rochester Theological Seminary in 1863. April 

21, 1864, he was ordained and became pastor of the 
church at Winchester, 111. He baptized sixty con- 
verts during his three and a half years' pastorate 
at Winchester. Failing health compelled him to 
seek a more favorable climate. In 1867 he preached 
for a short time at Litchfield, 111. In 1868 he set- 
tled at Lawrence, Kansas, where he remained until 
1872, when he became pastor at Junction City ; 
and in 1874 settled with the Fort Scott church. In 
1875 he left Denver for California, and was invited 
to become pi-esident_pro tem. of California College, 
and in May, 1876, he was elected its permanent 
president. In May, 1877, consumption had so fully 
got the mastery that he resigned his college work, 
and sought relief in the higher regions of the 
State at Camptonville, Cal., where he died Aug. 

22, 1877. He was eminently spiritual, eloquent, 
conscientious, and consecrated to the work of the 
Lord. 

Gregg, William Henry, was born Dec. 31, 1832, 

in Wilmington, Del. ; was converted when seven- 
teen years old, and baptized by Rev. Morgan J. 
Rhees, then pastor of the Second Baptist church. 
For a while he neglected the prayer- meetings, but 
returned resolving to fill his place always. His 
first contribution to foreign missions, which was 
one dollar, and nearly all he had, was made upon 
the presentation of the cause by Dr. Osgood. This 
gift did the donor more good than anything he 
ever bestowed afterwards. He has since been a 
member of the Board of the American Baptist 
Missionary Union. 

He attributes his conversion to a faithful mother, 
who died when he was but thirteen years old. She 
was accustomed to take him to her room and pray 
with him. He was honored while a member of 
the Second Baptist church with all the offices within 
the gift of the church except that of deacon ; re- 
mained until June, 1865, when, with the best of 
feeling, he, together.with others, withdrew to form 
the Delaware Avenue church. W^hile connected 
31 



with the latter church he was superintendent of 
the Sunday-school and of the mission school at 
McDowellville ; was deacon and treasurer of the 
church, and chairman of its building committee 
until the church edifice was erected and the base- 
ment occupied. Shortly after this, feeling that his 
day of usefulness with that church was over, he 
left it. During his short connection with the 
Delaware Avenue church he contributed to its 
treasury for building and other church purposes 
about $4000. Mr. Gregg was next instrumental 
in organizing a Sunday-school in a fire-engine 
house. It was soon removed to the building of the 
old First church, with which he and some others 
united, and new life was infused into the old body. 
Eventually the fresh element, under the leadership 
of the pastor. Rev. Thos. M. Eastwood, withdrew, 
removing to a more promising field of labor. Uni- 
ting with the members of the disbanded Elm Street 
church, they together formed a strong church, and 
now occupy the Elm Street cliapel. Prior to this 
Mr. Gregg assisted in the formation of the Wil- 
mington Baptist City Mission, and was the chair- 
man of the committee on mission schools which 
selected and purchased the fine lot on Elm Street, 
and erected a chapel thereon. A Sunday-school, 
and then a church, were organized in the chapel, 
which gave place, in 1878, to the united chui-ches 
under the name of the Bethany Baptist church, to 
which the property was transferred by the city 
mission. In this new interest Mr. Gregg takes a 
prominent part, both in the Sunday-school and 
church, besides contributing liberally for the ex- 
tension of Christ's kingdom in our own country 
and in other lands. t 

Gregory, John M., LL.D., was bom at Sand 
Lake, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., July 6, 1822, the son 
of Hon. Joseph Gregory of that place. His prepa- 
ration for college, apart from such advantages as 
the schools of his native town afforded, was received 
at the Dutchess County Academy, in Poughkeepsie. 
Entering the Freshman Class in Union College at 
the age of twenty, he graduated there in 1846. Two 
years were spent in law study, but convictions of 
duty drew him into the ministry. After a brief pas- 
torate in the East, removing to the West, he became 
principal of a classical school in Detroit, Mich. His 
marked success as an instructor soon fixed attention 
upon him as an educator. He was chosen Super- 
intendent of Public Instruction for the State of 
Michigan. In the mean time, however, in associa- 
tion with President E. 0. Haven, of the university at 
Ann Arbor, and Prof. Welch, of the Normal School, 
he had established the Michigan Journal of Edu- 
cation, having himself the entire editorial charge. 
In his capacity as State superintendent of instruc- 
tion, he soon came to be recognized as one of the 
foremost educators in the country. His annual re- 



GREGORY 



474 



GREGORY 



ports were characterized by remarkable breadth of 
view, and by their philosophical treatment of edu- 
cational questions. He served three terms, six years 
in all, in this office, and in 1864, declining a re- 
election, accepted the presidency of the Kalamazoo 
College. Three years later, in 1867, he was called 
to the presidency of the Illinois Industrial Univer- 
sity at Champaign, then just founded. This im- 
portant post he held until the present year, 1880, 
when he resigned it, with a view to devote himself 
to the carrying out of some literary plans, imprac- 
ticable so long as the cares and labors of such an 
office were pressing upon him. 

AVhile in previous spheres Di-. Gregory's power 
as an organizer and instructor was conspicuous, it 
was especially so in the position held at Cham- 
paign. The work of the university was adjusted 
upon a scale of comprehensiveness and efficiency 
unusual even in State institutions, while his per- 
sonal power as the advocate of large views in edu- 
cation was felt throughout the West. Dr. Gregory, 
while as a speaker always commanding marked at- 
tention )jy the vigor and directness of his thought 
and his lucid diction, isalso an excellent writer, and 
has already published quite extensively, mostly ad- 
dresses and essays upon education, including, also, 
a valuable " Hand-Book of History."' No man is 
more welcome in Baptist pulpits than Dr. Gregory, 
and though his service in the pastorate was not 
an extended one, he has, while so active in other 
spheres, enjoyed the privilege of extended useful- 
ness as a Christian minister. 

Gregory, Rev. 0. F., is one of South Carolina's 
most energetic and useful ministers. He is a native 
of Charleston, S. C, born March 7, 1844, and bap- 
tized in 1858. He was educated in his native city, 
and ordained at the call of the old First church, by 
Revs. E. T. Winkler, D.D., L. H. Shuck, D.D., and 
T. R. Gaines, in 1871. 

His first pastorate was at Mount Pleasant, near 
Charleston. He was called to Eufaula, Ala., in 
1875, and thence to Tuscaloosa, in 1879. But in 
1880 Cheraw and Florence called him back to his 
native State, where it is earnestly hoped he may 
spend the rest of his life. He is truly a great and 
successful worker, and, what is even more impor- 
tant, knows how to set his people to work. 

He has missed preaching but four Sabbaths 
since he was licensed, except when attending Con- 
ventions and Associations. He has baptized over 
500 in ten years ; and fourteen Baptist ministers 
have arisen from his churches. 

He was clerk of the Charleston Association eight 
years, of the Baptist State Convention six, and of 
the Southern Baptist Convention two, which office 
he now fills. 

Gregory, Rev. Silas B., was the youngest of a 
family of ten children, whose father was for sixty 



years a Baptist deacon, and thfee of the sons entered 
the ministry. Silas B. A^as born at Sand Lake, 
N. Y., Oct. 28, 1827. His mother died when he was 
eight days old. Very early in life he was converted 
and baptized, and gave Rimself to the work of the 
ministry ; for which he received a thorough classical 
and theological education, graduating at Madison 
University. After a successful pastorate of nine 
years at Little Falls, N. Y., he spent one year at 
Portsmouth, Va., and was pastor three years at 
Niles, Mich. He was then called to the chair of 
Theological Instructor at Wayland University, 
Washington, which he filled with marked ability. 
He resigned this position for the pastorate at 
AVhitesborough, N. Y., where in two years he bap- 
tized sixty converts. He was a hard worker, and 
needing rest made the tour of Europe. On his re- 
turn he was appointed by the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society president of Leland Uni- 
versity, New Orleans, and proved himself emi- 
nently fitted for the position. He retired at the 
end of two years for the purpose of representing 
the society's missionary work, as secretary for New 
York State one year, which was followed by a year's 
pastorate at Lansingburgh, N. Y., where the wife 
of his youth (Miss Martha Huntington) died. He 
went to Californin, and after four years' arduous 
and successful toil as pastor of the Calvary church, 
Sacramento, he died May 7, 1880. He literally 
wore himself out in Christ's service. 




URIAH GREGORY, D.D. 



Gregory, Uriah, D.D., bom at Sand Lake, 
N. Y., Oct. 4, 1823, was converted and baptized 



GRENELL 



475 



GRIFFING 



■when ten years old. In early life he completed the 
classical course at the Armenia Seminary, N. Y., 
removed to Cincinnati, continued his studies, and 
taught school several years. He founded the De- 
troit College and Commercial Institute, and con- 
ducted it several years. During this period he 
studied law, and was admitted to the bar. Until 
1870 he continued teaching in Michigan, Ohio, and 
Indiana ; but early convictions of duty to preach 
forced him to give his life to that work. He was 
ordained at Rives, INIich., preached there for a time, 
became pastor at Leslie, and baptized nearly fifty 
during his first year in the ministry. He then 
studied theology two years, graduated at Rochester, 
supplied the Pittsford church a year, and was 
pastor at West Henrietta two years, both churches 
having revivals under his labors. For the benefit 
of his wife's health he went to California in 1875, 
where she soon after died, greatly beloved by all. 
lie was pastor of the Fifth church, San Francisco, 
two years, during which time nearly one hundred 
were added to it. For a short time he was con- 
nected with the Evangel, the Baptist paper of Cali- 
fornia ; was pastor at Santa Rica one year, when 
he resigned to engage in Sunday-school work, and 
was soon after called to the presidency of Cali- 
fornia College, over whose interests, in connection 
with his wife, a superior teacher, he is presiding 
with increasing favor. In 1876 he received the 
honorary degree of D.D. from the Baptist college 
in Ai-kansas. 

Grenell, Rev. Levi 0., was born at Mount 
Salem, N. J., Jan. 1, 1821, and is a son of Rev. Z. 
Grenell. He pursued a full course at Madison 
University, and graduated from the theological de- 
partment in 1849. He was ordained at Elbridge, 
N. Y., and went as a missionary to San Jose, Cal., 
in 1850. After spending several years in the work 
on the Pacific coast, he returned East, and minis- 
tered successfully in New York and Pennsylvania. 
In 1865 he settled in New Market, N. J., and has 
been pastor of the Princeton church for the last 
seven years. The University of Rochester con- 
ferred on him the honorary degree of A.M. in 1855. 

Grenell, Rev. Zelotes, was born in Kortright, 
N. Y., April 4, 1796 ; was converted and baptized 
when fourteen ; was ordained August, 1819, as 
pastor of the Second Wantage chui-ch, N. J. He 
has been pastor of several churches in New York 
State and city, and in New Jersey. He has 
preached over 12,000 sermons, and delivered many 
temperance addresses. For several years he has 
been pastor of the Third church, Paterson, N. J., 
where his pi-eaching commands attention. He is 
the oldest Baptist pastor in the State in actual ser- 
vice. On his eighty-fourth birthday he was visited 
by a number of his friends, and was congratu- 
lated on his vigor. Father Grenell has two sons in 



the ministry. He has been celebrated for the readi- 
ness with which any text or subject suggested to 
him falls into analytical order, so that he can 
preach from it in a few minutes. His brethren love 
to test him on this point, and rarely fail to elicit a 
prompt, original, full sketch. 

Gressett, Rev. A., editor of the Southern Bap- 
tist, Meridian, Miss., was born in Mississippi in 
1829 ; began to preach in 1858. His ministerial 
labors have been chiefly confined to country 
churches located in the counties of Lauderdale, 
Newton, and Kemper, Miss. He began the publi- 
cation of the Southern Baptist in 1875. 

Griffin, G. W., D.D.— This talented and culti- 
vated brother was born in Southampton Co., Va., 
May 9, 1827. From early boyhood he had deep 
religious convictions, but did not make a profession 
of religion until 1843, and was baptized by Rev. 
Putnam Owen into the fellowship of the Black 
Creek Baptist church in 1844. He was ordained 
to the work of the gospel ministry by the Mill 
Swamp church, Elders G. W. Owens and J. K. 
Dougherty acting as the Presbytery. He imme- 
diately entered upon the pastorate of said church, 
which he served half his time for five years. He 
became the pastor of the church in Columbia, 
Tenn., in 1857, where he remained one year, since 
which time he has served churches at important 
places and towns with great acceptance. He is now 
one of the professors in the Southwestern Baptist 
University at Jackson. Dr. Grifiin is regarded in 
literary circles as one of our best-educated men, — 
excels as a polemic, and is an able minister of the 
gospel, with the highest order of attainments. 

Griffin, Rev. J. F., pastor at Selma, Ark., was 
born in Missouri in 1841. He began to preach in 
1868. Since then he has labored in Arkansas, in 
the counties of Drew, Chicot, Ashley, Bradley, Dor- 
sey, Desha, and Lincoln, and has baptized over 450 
persons, and succeeded in erecting a beautiful house 
of worship at Selma. 

Griffin, Rev. Richard, was born in Clinton, 
Conn. His first pastorate was at Granville, Mass. 
In 1836 he was sent by the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society as a missionary to AVisconsin. The 
Territory was then a wilderness, and Milwaukee a 
small village. He formed the first Baptist church 
in the State. He devoted the best part of his life 
to organizing churches and preaching the gospel in 
the early history of the State. His last years were 
marked by great suffering. He died at a ripe old 
age in the peace and triumph of that gospel which 
he had so long preached. 

Griffing', William, a prominent Baptist layman 
in Southwestern Mississippi in the early part of the 
present century. He was a grandson of Rev. Sam- 
uel Swayze, the founder of the first Protestant 
church in the Natchez country. He was born in 



GRIFFITH 



GRIFFITH 



the Territory after its settlement. He at first united 
with the Methodists, but upon investigation his 
views underwent a change and he became a Bap- 
tist. He took an active part in all the movements 
of the Baptists. Towards the close of his life he 
was involved in the troubles growing out of the 
discussion of anti-Masonry and Campbellism, and 
for a time withdrew from the church, but he was 
afterwards restored, and to the close of his long 
and useful life abounded in every good word and 
work. 

Griffith, Rev. Benjamin, was born in Wales, 
Oct. 16, 1688, and emigrated to America in 1710. 
He was baptized May 12, 1711. He was ordained 
pastor of the Montgomery church, Bucks Co., Pa., 
Oct. 23, 1725, and remained with this community 
till his death, which took place Oct. 5, 1768. 

Mr. Griffith was an able minister, with a respect- 
able education. lie read extensively the works of 
the great Puritan divines, and he made consider- 
able use of his own pen. He wrote a work in 
"Vindication of the Resurrection of the Same 
Body," an answer to " Simon Butler's Creed," 
and a refutation of a pamphlet called " The Divine 
Right of Inftint Baptism." lie also wrote " A Trea- 
tise of Church Discipline," which was published 
with the Philadelphia Confession of Faith, and 
which has been regarded as a work of very great 
merit. Mr. Griffith was among the foremost Bap- 
tist ministers in his day. 

Griffith, Benjamin, D.D., was born in Juniata 
Co., Pa., Oct. 13, 1821 ; was converted in Balti- 
more, Md., and was baptized in November, 1839, 
by Rev. Stephen P. Hill, of Baltimore ; graduated 
from Madison University, N. Y., in 1846 ; received 
the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the univer- 
sity at Lewisburg, Pa. ; was ordained in 1846, 
and settled as missionary in Cumberland, Md. 
Here he organized a church, built a meeting-house, 
and enjoyed a successful pastorate of four years. 
In April, 1850, he settled with the New Market 
Street church in Philadelphia, where he remained 
six years. During this pastorate the name of the 
New Market Street church was changed to that 
of Fourth Baptist church of Philadelphia, and a 
large and attractive meeting-house was erected at 
the corner of Fifth and Buttonwood Streets. Here 
also his labors were abundantly blessed, and many 
were added to the church. On Oct. 17, 1854, he 
was married to Miss Elizabeth Crozer, daughter of 
the late John P. Crozer, Esq. 

In May, 1858, he became corresponding secretary 
of the American Baptist Publication Society. To 
the work of this grand denominational enterprise 
he has given the best years and energies of his life, 
and his rare adaptation and varied talents still make 
him a tower of strength to the society. The vast 
and enlarging successes achieved by it are largely 



due to his wonderful administrative abilities. The 
entire management bears the impress of his intense 
concentration of purpose and effort. The erection 
of the magnificent and unencumbered building now 




BENJAMIN GRIFFITH, D.D. 

occupied by the society at 1420 Chestnut Street, 
Philadelphia, was the result of his wise counsel, 
unceasing toil, and great influence. 

Much of his time and labor has been given to 
Sunday-school work. As editor of the Young 
Reaper, one of the Sunday-school periodicals of the 
Publication Society, he has cheered many youthful 
hearts with the gospel tidings; and as a Bible-class 
teacher in churches with which he has been con- 
nected he has been instrumental in making others 
wise unto salvation. He is a gifted preacher, a 
wise counselor, a " faithful steward," and one of 
the ablest and most popular secretaries any society 
ever had. 

Griffith, Capt. H. P., was born in Laurens Dis- 
trict, S. C, about 1835; baptized in 1860 by Dr. 
J. P. Boyce, and educated at Furman University. 

In 1872, at the earnest solicitation of many 
leading citizens, he opened a high school at Wood- 
ruff, Spartanburg Co., five miles from his native 
place. Several families moved in to educate their 
children, others boarded. The school ran up to 
75 or 80 scholars, sometimes nearly 100. It con- 
tinued to flourish for three years, when his health 
compelled him to resign. 

The school at once began to decline, and at the 
end of the second year it would have been closed, 
but his health having improved he returned in 



GRIFFITH 



GRIMMEL 



February, 1880. Prosperity came with him. The 
place has grown from half a dozen houses to quite 
a flourishing village. Families are yet moving in 
to educate their children, business of all kinds is 
improving, the whole community is flourishing, 
and all from the influence of the school. 

He was a captain in the late war, and is yet held 
in high esteem by the men of his former command. 
He was shot through the feet in the battle of the 
Wilderness, and the surgeons thought he would 
lo.se one or both. But he suS'ers little or no incon- 
venience from them now. " Whatsoever the king 
(David) did pleased the people." David was the 
representative of a class, and Capt. Grifiith belongs 
to the class who are born to " please the people.'' 

Griffith, Rev. R. H., was born in Henrico Co., 
Va., Oct. 7, 1825 ; baptized when thirteen by Rev. 
Eli Ball ; spent a year at Richmond College, but 
took his degree at Columbian College, D. C, in 1849 ; 
after teaching for several years in Pennsylvania, 
New Jersey, and Virginia, he came to Xorth Caro- 
lina, as a missionary of the State Convention, and 
labored for five years, when he was called to Char- 
lotte, where he was pastor for eleven years. For 
four years Mr. Griffith has been agent of the South- 
ern Theological Seminary, in Xorth Carolina and 
Virginia, and a good one he is. He was for years 
the moderator of the South Yadkin Association. 

Griggs, Samuel C, the Chicago publisher, so 
well known by his imprint upon a large variety of 
widely circulated books, was born in Tolland, Conn., 
July 20, 1819. While he was yet a boy the family 
removed to Hamilton, N. Y., where, at the age of 
eighteen, he was converted, and was baptized by 
Rev. -Jacob Knapp. After a three years' course at 
the Hamilton Seminary, he taught the academy in 
that village one year, but preferring a business 
career, purchased a book-store in the place, and 
began the line of trade in which he has since won 
such distinguished success. In 1848, Mr. Griggs 
removed to Chicago. That city has since been his 
home. Resuming the book-trade there, at first 
upon a moderate scale, he prosecuted it with such 
enterprise and tact, steadily enlarging, that his es- 
tablishment became for strangers an interesting 
feature of the young city in its marvelous growth. 
In a few years his book-store had become the 
largest in this country. On one occasion, Mr. An- 
thony Trollope, the novelist, visiting the store, ex- 
pressed his great surprise at its dimensions, and 
the completeness of the literary assortment, de- 
cl.aring that while he had visited numerous simi- 
lar establishments in England and on the Conti- 
nent, he had seen none which equaled it in the 
particulars named. Mr. Griggs was the first book- 
seller to introduce theological works in Chicago, 
the first also to oSer the public costly imported 
books with rich artistic embellishments, and the 



first Western publisher who succeeded in gaining 
for a Western book extended circulation. Three 
times Mr. Griggs has been burned out. On the 
last occasion of this kind, in 1871, the loss was 
so heavy, and his health had become so much 
impaired, that he determined to change the char- 
acter of his business. He has since devoted him- 
self to publishing exclusively, and in this line has 
been the means of bringing before the Amei-ican 
public a large number of excellent books. Editions 
of classical works for use in colleges, prepared by 
such scholars as Prof. Boise, of Chicago, and Profs. 
Jones and DOoge, of Ann Arbor, have gained a 
Avide popularity. The writings of Prof. Wm. 
Matthews are known and valued in every part of 
the land, as well as over the seas. Other authors 
of distinction have been glad to avail themselves 
of the well-known good taste as publishers, and en- 
terprise and energy in pushing books, of the firm 
of S. C. Griggs & Co. The business in this form 
has grown to be a large one ; the number of books 
made yearly exceeding 90,000. It is felt by literary 
people in the West that Mr. Griggs has rendered 
a great service to the cause of good literature and 
of culture in his section of the country ; a service 
which is cordially appreciated and acknowledged. 
He is a valued and useful member of the First Bap- 
tist church, Chicago. 

Grimmel, Rev. J. C, was born in the city of 
Marburg, Germany, May 30, 1847. His father was 
one of the first persons baptized by Mr. Oncken in 
that place, a godly man, who endured severe perse- 
cution for his faithful adherence to the truth. The 
example and influence of such a man must have 
been a blessing for the son. The father finally 
left his native land, and coming to America, settled 
with his family in Wilmington, Del., where through 
his efforts a German Baptist church was organized. 
His son was converted and baptized into the fellow- 
ship of that church Jan. 29, 1861. Early in life 
young Grimmel felt himself called to the work of 
the ministry. He pursued his studies at Rochester, 
N. Y., and graduated from the German depart- 
ment of Rochester Theological Seminary in 1866. 
In the year following he became pastor of the 
First German church, Bufi"alo, N. Y. In the 
year 1873 he accepted the pastorate of the First 
German church, Brooklyn, E. D. Mr. Grimmel 
was editor and publisher of the Mitarheiter, an 
illustrated German monthly, from 1874 to 1879. 
As a preacher, Mr. Grimmel has been successful 
in leading many souls to Christ. He is a talented, 
speaker, able to draw and instruct delighted hearers. 
In the general work, he occupies positions of trust 
and responsibility in the Missionary Committee of 
the Eastern German Baptist Conference, and in the 
School Committee, which has charge of the interests 
of theological training in the German ministrv. 



GRIMSLEY 



GROSE 



Grimsley, Rev. Barnet, was born in Culpeper 

Co., Va., Dec. 15, 1807. At nine years of age he 
entered school under the care of Mr. B. Wood, and 
remained during portions of four years. At this 
early age young Grimsley was remarkable for the 
strength of his memory, having, when about twelve 
years of age, at one of the school commencements, 
declaimed from memory alone an entire sermon on 
the Being and Perfections of God. Until about 
eighteen he assisted his father in his farm-work, 
devoting all his spare moments to reading and the 
improvement of his mind. His books were in a 
great measure committed to memory. At the age 
of twenty he chose as his life-work the occupation of 
milling, and with his characteristic energy he was 
soon at the very head of that business. In No- 
vember, 1831, he was baptized by the Rev. Wm. F. 
Broaddus, and united with the Mount Salem church. 
His aptness for teaching was so marked that his 
brethren advised him to enter the ministry, and the 
church, in October, 1832, licensed him to preach. 
In June, 1833, he was appointed by the General As- 
sociation to labor in the valley of Virginia. At this 
point he relinquished the occupation of milling, in 
which he had been so successful, and entered upon 
his real life-work, the preaching of the gospel. He 
soon gathered a small band of believers, organized 
a church at Cedar Creek, and on Nov. 25, 1833, was 
ordained to the ministry and became their pastor. 
After two years of successful labor under the 
patronage of the General Baptist Association he 
resigned his position as missionary and became 
pastor of the Liberty and New Salem churches. 
In January of 1836 he became pastor of Bethcar 
and Rapidan churches, the latter of which he was 
obliged to resign on account of the inconvenience 
of meeting with them. In September of 1833 he 
assisted in the organization of the Salem Union 
Association. In 1856 he took a prominent part in 
the uniting of that Association with the Columbia, 
from which sprang the present Potomac Associ- 
ation. On the retiring of Dr. W. F. Broaddus, in 
1840, from the pastorate of Bethel church, Clarke 
Co., Mr. Grimsley became the pastor of it and of 
Long Branch church, resigning his care of Cedar 
Creek and Liberty. His ministry here, as else- 
where, was eminently successful, the church being 
greatly enlarged in numbers and strengthened in 
influence. In 1848, after a thirteen years' pastorate 
at New Salem, he resigned and took charge of 
Pleasant Vale, Fauquier Co., succeeding the emi- 
,nent Ogilvie. In 1852, after a seventeen years' 
pastorate at Bethcar, and twelve at Long Branch, 
he resigned, and devoted all his time to Bethel and 
Pleasant Vale churches, still preaching, however, 
during the week, at Woodville. In 1854 he was 
called to preach to the newly-constituted church at 
Flint Hill, which he did during the week. In 1860 



he took charge of the Mount Salem church, re- 
signing AVoodville, where he had labored for six 
years. In 1865 his labors were such that he was 
compelled to resign the care of Bethel, where he 
had preached to vast multitudes for a quarter of a 
century, and Pleasant Vale, where he had labored 
for seventeen years, and he became pastor of the 
Jefifersonton and Gourd Vine churches, which re- 
quired much less physical labor in the way of 
horseback-riding, etc. He still serves these two 
churches, being abundant in labors and eminent 
in success. 

Mr. Grimsley is one of the most I'emarkable men 
in the denotnination in Virginia. As a preacher 
he has had but few equals. His reasoning is clear, 
consecutive, and closely logical ; his language 
choice, chaste, and weighty ; his descriptive power 
remarkably vivid ; and his manner earnest and im- 
pressive. As a clear thinker and ready debater it 
is not too much to say that he had no equal in the 
local Association to which he belonged, while as a 
speaker on the platform or in the pulpit he had in 
the same field no compeer. He was the friend and 
advocate of all good movements, missions, Sunday- 
schools, temperance, education, church extension ; 
and when the pernicious doctrine of Antinomian- 
ism rested like a blight over the valley of Virginia, 
Mr. Grimsley lent the strong powers of his mind, 
heart, and body to the destruction of the heresy. 
His labors, united to those of Dr. Wm. F. Broad- 
dus, revolutionized the views of thousands, not 
only in the churches, but also out of the churches, 
of the most influential families in Clarke, Fauquier, 
and adjacent counties, and multitudes have arisen 
to call him blessed. When in the vigor of life 
nearly one-fourth of his time was spent in horse- 
back-riding between his home and his churches. 
Exposure made liim seem older than he really was, 
and yet with the infirmities of threescore years and 
ten upon him he preaches the unsearchable riches 
of Christ with much of the vigor, impressiveness, 
and eloquence of his earlier days. Mr. Grimsley 
is perhaps the only surviving minister in Virginia 
of that eminent circle of Baptist preachers that 
gave such celebi'ity to the Culpeper Baptist camp- 
meeting gatherings, in which Ryland, Jeter, Bur- 
rows, Poindexter, Taylor, and others engaged and 
accomplished so much good. 

Grose, Rev. Henry L., was born at Minden, 
Montgomery Co., N. Y., Sept. 26, 1816. He early 
pursued a classical course, and at the age of seven- 
teen began the study of medicine while editing a 
newspaper. Being converted soon after, he was 
baptized at Owego, entered Oneida Institute, and 
was licensed to preach by the AVhitesborough 
church, C. P. Sheldon, pastor. He was ordained 
at West Danby, N. Y., Jan. 7, 1841, and held pas- 
torates at Danby, Ithaca, Coxsackie, Athens, North 



GEO SEE 



479 



GrBELMANN 



East, Galway, and Mannsville, where his health 
failed so completely in 1860 that he resigned and 
purchased the Ballston Journal, of which he is still 
editoi- and publisher. Leaving much of his business 
■care to his sons, he has preached as supply at Burnt 
Hills, Saugerties, Saratoga, Middle Grove, and 
once leaving his native State, was pastor for six 
years at Hydeville, Vt., and has been pastor of the 
old Stone church, Milton, since 187S. Thus for 
forty years has Mr. Grose been a faithful minister 
of Christ, and during intervals of broken health 
has filled many other positions of trust, and made 
various contributions to Baptist literature. His 
oldest daughter is the wife of J. A. Smith, D.D., 
editor of the Standard, of Chicago ; his oldest son 
is engaged in printing in Chicago: two sons con- 
duct the Ballstoii Journal ; and one son, H. B. 
Grose, a graduate of Rochester University, is on 
the stafiF of the Examiner. 

Groser, Rev. William, editor of the English 
Baptist Magazine from 1838 to 1856, was born Aug. 
12, 1791, in London. His parents then belonged 
to the Eagle Street church. Some years later his 
father was licensed to preach by that church, and 
removed to Watford to take charge of the Baptist 
congregation there. Mr. Groser assisted his father 
for a long time in the management of a flourishing 
school. Being a diligent student he made consid- 
erable progress in his studies, and his conversion 
when he was about nineteen led him to devote 
himself to theological reading. He began to preach 
in 1811, and was invited to become pastor of the 
church at Princes Risborough in 1813. Here he 
labored with much usefulness until 1819, when he 
removed to Battle, in Sussex, and in the following 
year settled at Maidstone, in which pastorate he 
remained nineteen years, until his removal to Lon- 
don. He occupied himself in editing the Baptist 
Magazine and in other literary engagements. In 
1848 he accepted the pastorate of the Chelsea Bap- 
tist church, from which he retired to assume the 
duties of secretary of the Irish Society in 1851. 
His laborious and useful life was ended Aug. 6, 
1856. Mr. Groser's services to the denomination 
were enthusiastically rendered and highly esteemed. 
His painstaking discharge of editorial duties spoke 
for itself, whilst his gentleness of spirit, Christian 
courtesy, and many personal excellencies endeared 
him to a very wide circle of friends. 

Gubelmann, Rev. J. S., was born in the city of 
Berne, Switzerland, Nov. 27, 1836. He received 
his early training from his grandfather, a missionary 
among the Pietists. In the meetings, and under 
the influence of the Pietists, he received lasting 
impressions. In 1848 he followed his parents to 
the United States, and lived with them in Xew 
York. The next year, at the age of thirteen, he 
was converted and baptized, becoming a member 



of the First German Baptist church. Subsequently 
he lived some time in Ohio with his grandparents, 
his grandfather having accepted the charge of a 
German Reformed church in Monroe Co., 0. Feel- 




REV. J. S. GUBELMANN. 

ing convinced that the Lord had called him to 
preach his gospel, on coming back to New York he 
was among the first German students who were sent 
to the theological seminary at Rochester, N. Y. 
Taking a full course, he graduated from the Uni- 
versity of Rochester in 1858, and from the Roches- 
ter Theological Seminary two years later. From 
1860 to 1862, Mr. Gubelmann labored successfully 
as pastor of the German church at Louisville, Ky. ; 
from 1862 to 1868 he was pastor o5 the German 
church at St. Louis, Mo. During his pastorate 
there a new and commodious house of worship 
was erected, at a cost of some 830,000, of which a 
large amount was immediately collected. In 1868 
he took charge of the First German church in Phil- 
adelphia, Pa., where he is still laboring. 

Mr. Gubelmann stands foremost among the 
German ministers as a preacher. His superior 
gifts have been recognized among American 
churches and ministers wherever they have become 
acquainted with him. He is a thorough Bible stu- 
dent, and while his sermons are polished and schol- 
arly, their greatest beauty is their evangelical sim- 
plicity. His remarkable talents, combined with 
his amiable disposition and childlike piety, have 
made him everywhere very successful. Hundreds 
have been given him as fruits of" his labors. His 
great longing has always been for souls. The 



GUILD 



GUNN 



church at Philadelphia has been specially blessed, 
and a second flourishing German church, and also 
a mission, have been organized. 

By his counsels and labors Mr. Gubelmann has 
rendered valuable service to the general cause, and 
his name vfill always be inseparably connected with 
the history of the German Baptist Mission in this 
country. He is one of the managers of the Amer- 
ican Baptist Publication Society, and his standing 
in Philadelphia among its fifty-six Baptist pastors 
is highly creditable to his gifts and his grace. 

Guild, Reuben Aldridge, LL.D., was born in 

West Dedham, Mass., May 4, 1822, and was fitted 
for college at the Baptist Academy in Worcester. 
He graduated at Brown University in 1847, and was 
appointed librarian of hisaZma mater in 1848, which 
office he now holds. During the thirty-three years 
of his connection with the library he has watched 
its growth, and in many ways contributed to it, 
until he has seen it transferred from its straitened 
quarters in Manning Hall to the elegant building 
recently erected for its reception by the munificence 
of the late Hon. John Carter Brown. Dr. Guild 
has found time, amid his numerous and pressing 
duties, to prepare and publish several works of great 
worth. Among them are his "Librarian's Man- 
ual," " Life, Times, and Correspondence of James 
Manning," and " The Early History of Brown 
University, a Biographical Introduction to the 
Writings of Roger Williams." In addition to these 
works, he has published an elegant edition of a full 
and exhaustive " History of Brown University." 
Few men in the Baptist denomination have rendered 
it such valuable services as Dr. Reuben A. Guild. 
As a writer of history about our distinguished men, 
and our first American college, he is without an 
equal among the living, and with very few among 
the dead. 

Guirey, Rev. Georg^e, of French Huguenot 
descent, pastor of Trinity Baptist church, Oak- 
land, Cal., was born at Princeton, Ind., Jan. 5, 
1842; at the age of seven, on the death of his 
mother, he was placed under an Episcopalian guar- 
dian, and did not see his father afterwards until he 
had entered the ministry. He was baptized at six- 
teen, and joined the Little Union Baptist church, 
in Missouri. Studied at Bethel College, Ky., and 
was two years in Spurgeon's College, London, Eng- 
land. During the war he joined the Union army 
for the defense of Frankfort, Ky. He has spent 
fifteen years as pastor at West Troy, N. Y., Chelsea, 
Mass., Newark, N. J., and Oakland, Cal. He has 
been blessed with many conversions ; is an extem- 
pore preacher, and impresses his hearei's with a 
conviction that he believes what he proclaims. 
He is a writer of considerable vivacity, and is 
author of a book, entitled " Deacon Cranky," a plea 
for greater spirituality in Christians. 



Gulley, Orrin S., was an apprentice in a print- 
ing-office in Detroit, became early a member of the 
church, and in it was ever faithful. When but 
eighteen he was the first pi;inter of the Michigan 
Christian Herald, and either alone, or in company 
with Mr. Allen, he was its printer or publisher 
until it left Detroit, in 1862 ; more than twenty 
years of steady application and good judgment 
made his business yield him wealth ; but, where 
others become haughty, he remained the plain, in- 
dustrious man, using his means in generous gifts 
to deserving objects. He prosecuted business in 
the interest of those whom he employed, as well as 
in his own, and he is lovingly remembered by them, 
though sleeping in his grave. Ever pleasant, pa- 
tient, and kind, the Sunday-school, the mission in- 
terests, the charities of the city, and all the denomi- 
national interests in the State, miss him as one of 
the best of the Lord's servants and stewards. His 
death occurred in 1878. 

Gunn, Rev. Radford, was born in Virginia, 
May 13, 1797. At an early period in his life his 
parents removed to Georgia, and settled in Ogle- 
thorpe County. In 1820 he was converted and 
joined County Line church, in Oglethorpe County. 
His conversion was bright, clear, and joyous, " like 
a blaze of sunshine at midnight." With his heart 
overflowing with joy, he left his work and went 
among his neighbors, telling them what great 
things God had done for him. Not long afterwards 
he preached his first sermon from Rom. i. 15. He 
had a powerful memory, which enabled him to 
retain whatever he heard. He was ordained in 
1822, and for forty years afterwards was an active, 
earnest, laborious preacher, very popular and in- 
fluential, and in great demand as a pastor among 
the churches, the most prominent of which in his 
i-each were glad to secure his services, and during 
his ministerial career he filled many pastorates in 
Oglethorpe, Taliaferro, Hancock, Warren, Lincoln, 
Columbia, and other counties, and always M'ith 
success, for he was a most earnest and zealous 
worker. Those whose spiritual interests were 
committed to his care were daily in his prayers,, 
his sympathies, and his affections, and he watched 
over their welfare tenderly, seeking to promote- 
their happiness and usefulness. 

He was a very efi'ective and earnest preacher, his 
style being didactic, rather than hortatory. Un- 
folding his subject systematically and, frequently, 
with considerable logical effect, he would warm up 
as he proceeded, and at times would burst into an 
impassioned strain of oratory that would stir the 
feelings of his audience profoundly. His aim al- 
ways was to present the truth as it is in Jesus, 
and his preaching was often followed by powerful 
effects ; Christians were made to rejoice in the hope 
of glory, and sinners were made to weep over their 



GURNEY 



481 



GWALTNEY 



sins. Under God, he was instrumental in the sal- 
vation of hundreds, while many Christians were 
strengthened and encouraged in the discharge of 
their duties. 

It is not too much to say that Radford Gunn was 
a remarkable man. He possessed uncommon tal- 
ents. In his community he was a leading man ; 
and in his Association, the Georgia, he wielded a 
strong influence. He was a thorough Baptist, and 
all who knew him could bear witness to his many 
personal excellences. Rigidly honest and unflinch- 
ingly bold, he avowed his opinions on any subject 
and under any circumstances ; still he was not ob- 
trusive. He was generous to a fault, and he 
deemed nothing he had too good for his friends. 

He spent a large part of the years 1862 and 1863 
in the Virginia army, in evangelistic and chari- 
table labors, breaking down his health and con- 
tracting the disease which ended his life. Unable 
to preach or do anything for his Master except 
exercise the grace of patience under suflering, he 
would frequently exclaim, " And now, Lord, what 
wait I for? My hope is in thee." "Lord, on 
thee do I wait all the day." " Now, lettest thou 
thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word, 
for mine eyes have seen thy salvation." When 
death did come he welcomed it with manifest joy ; 
for his soul longed to escape from its crumbling 
tabernacle of clay. His work on earth was done, 
and he was anxious to depart and be with Christ. 
He died at his residence in Warren Co., Ga., June 
15, 1866. His death was a very easy one, for he 
passed away as one falling into a sweet and peace- 
ful sleep. 

Gurney, "William Brodie, was born in London 
in 1778. His father being a deacon of the Maze 
Pond church, he became acquainted in early life 
with the original members of the Baptist Mission- 
ary Society, and delighted them by the interest he 
manifested in the missionary enterprise. He fol- 
lowed his father's profession, stenography, and at- 
tained to such distinguished excellence in that art 
that at an early age he was appointed shore-hand 
writer to the House of Lords, a lucrative ofiice, 
which enabled him to give large sums for missionary 
and benevolent purposes. He took a leading part 
in the organization and direction of the Sunday- 
School Union, and liberally stimulated the produc- 
tion of a distinctive Sunday-school literature. This 
great and useful institution was in a large measure 
his creation. The Baptist Missionary Society was 
also greatly indebted to his enterprise and munifi- 
cence for its present strength. As its treasurer for 
many years the duties of his office were no mere 
matters of finance. He took the liveliest interest in 
all the efi"orts of the society, and especially set him- 
self to the development of a spirit of liberality 
towards evangelistic work at home and abroad. His 



example and influence produced a happy effect, 
which he lived to see. He died in London, March 
25, 1855, aged seventy-seven. 

Guthrie, Hon. James, an eminent lawyer, 
statesman, and capitalist, was born in Nelson Co., 
Ky., Dec. 5, 1792. He was educated at Bards- 
town, and studied law under the distinguished 
Judge John Rowan. He established himself in 
practice in Louisville, Ky., in 1820. Though not 
a communicant in any church, he was a Baptist in 
sentiment, and attended Walnut Street Baptist 
church, with his family, all of whom became emi- 
nently useful members of this church. He quickly 
established an extensive reputation as a lawyer, 
and acquired property with great rapidity. Was 
elected to the lower house of the Kentucky Legis- 
lature in 1827 ; was in the Kentucky senate from 
1831 to 1840, and in 1849 was president of the 
convention that formed the present State constitu- 
tion ; was Secretary of the U. S. Treasury from 
1853 to 1857, and in 1865 was elected U. S. Senator, 
which position he resigned in 1868, on account of 
declining health. From 1860 to 1868 he was presi- 
dent of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. Be- 
sides these, he held many other prominent posi- 
tions of trust and honor. He was a man of superior 
business qualifications, and was said to have be- 
come the wealthiest man in his State. He died in 
Louisville, March 13, 1869. 

Gwaltney, Luther Rice, D.D., the son of Rev. 
James L. Gwaltney, was born in Isle of Wight Co., 
Va., and is now about fifty years of age. In early 
life he received a thorough collegiate education, 
graduating with distinction from Columbian Uni- 
versity, Washington, D. C, thence he went forth as 
an ambassador of the Cross. Where his first pastor- 
ate was is not known to the writer of this sketch. 
He was called from Murfreesborough, N. C, in 1857, 
to take charge of the church in Edgefield village, 
South Carolina, where he labored with great fidelity 
and success for eleven years, both in his pastorate 
and in the educational interests of the community. 
In 1868 he left Edgefield and took charge of the 
church in the city of Rome, Ga., where he remained 
for eight years. Here he worked with the most 
constant zeal in the ministry, in the temperance 
cause, and in the interests of education, bearing a 
prominent part in the founding of Shorter Female 
College. In 1876 he was called to the presidency 
of the Judson Female Institute, in Marion, Ala., 
where he now labors with great acceptance. With 
the highest culture, a dignified and graceful ap- 
pearance, a pure life and deep piety, the best 
kind of sense, and fine scholarly attainments, an 
earnest worker and an able preacher. Dr. Gwaltney 
has proven himself a success wherever he has been 
tried. He has the art of endearing himself in the 
lasting affections of his people. His alma mater in 



GWALTNEY 



HACKETT 



AVashington conferred the degree of D.D. upon 
him a few years since, as a fit tribute to his dis- 
tinguished merit. lie is one of our most valuable 
men, and would be a leading man in any com- 
munity. 

Gwaltney, Rev. W. B,., was born in Alexander 
Co., N. C, in 1834; graduated at Wake Forest 
College ; taught in Wilkes and Alexander Counties; 
has served the churches of Hillsborough, Chapel 
Hill, Weeksville, and Winston, and is now the 
laborious and beloved and very successful pastor 
of the Second Baptist church of Raleigh. Mr. 
Gwaltney is a trustee of Wake Forest College. 

Gwin, D. W., D.D., pastor of the First Bap- 
tist church, of Atlanta, Ga., is a Virginian by birth, 
and at the present time is about forty years of age. 
He is a man of fine person and splendid natural 
abilities, heightened by study and training. To 
unusual mental powers he adds eloquence, grace 
of action, a fine command of language, and large 
intellectual acquirements. He graduated at Rich- 
mond College, Va., before he was twenty-one years 
of age. Soon after graduating he was elected Pro- 
fessor of Ancient Languages by the Brownwood 
Institute, La Grange, Ga., where he speedily mani- 
fested his proficiency and his skill as an instructor. 
To an intimate knowledge of Greek and Latin, 
which he has studied enthusiastically, he has added 
an acquaintance with Hebrew since graduating. To 
learn a language is with him a pastime, and he 
ranks now with the first linguists of the land ; and 
yet philosophy and theology are his favorite studies. 
He was called by the Baptist church at Rome, Ga., 
and was there ordained in 1861. Compelled to 



leave Rome on account of the war, he moved to 
Griffin, Ga., and took charge of the church there, 
remaining four years, during which he founded and 
conducted the Griffin High School. In 1868 he ac- 
cepted a call from the First Baptist church of 
Montgomery, Ala., where he preached with distin- 
guished ability and eloquence for six years. He 
then moved to Atlanta and assumed his present 
charge. He is a member of the board of trustees 
for the Soutiiern Baptist Theological Seminary, and 
though a man of great modesty and diffidence, his 
worth and abilities are highly appreciated by his 
brethren, who have placed him upon the State 
Mission Board, situated at Atlanta. His wife is a 
daughter of the distinguished Dr. R. B. C. Howell, 
of Nashville, Tenn. 

Gwynn, Hon. W., is a native of Kentucky, but 
has been in Florida many years. During the ad- 
ministration of Gov. Broome, Mr. Gwynn was a 
State-house officer, and was appointed State treas- 
urer on the election of Gov. Drew, which important 
position he now holds. He is a man of spotless 
character and incorruptible integrity, and hence is 
much respected by the masses of the people in his 
adopted and beloved State. 

Mr. Gwynn was converted under the ministry 
of Dr. E. W. Warren, and was baptized by him at 
Tallahassee. He took an active interest in the 
Baptist cause there, and has recently labored hard 
and contributed liberally to relieve the church 
property of an embarrassing debt, and to repair the 
house of worship and sustain the gospel. Not 
easily excited, very cautious and conservative, sa- 
gacious and discerning, he is a very safe adviser. 



H 



Hackett, Prof. H. B., D.D., LL.D.— Horatio 
Balch Hackett was born in Salisbury, Mass., Dec. 
27, 1808. The Hackett family is believed to be 
descended from the Scotch and the Danes. Few 
of the name emigrated to America. During the 
Revolution, John Hackett, grandfather of Horatio, 
superintended the building at Salisbury of the Con- 
tinental frigate " Alliance." His maternal grand- 
father, the Rev. Benjamin Balch, was chaplain on 
the same ship. Richard Hackett, a son of John, 
was also a ship-builder, and married Martha Balch, 
a daughter of the clergyman fii-st mentioned, who 
was settled in Barrington, N. H. Horatio was 
the second of four sons. His father died in 1814, 



at the early age of thirty. In 18'21 he attended the 
academy at Amesbury, under the charge of Michael 
Walsh, a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, 
and a celebrated teacher. In September, 1823, he 
became a pupil in Phillips Academy, Andover, 
Mass., under John Adams. Among his school- 
mates were Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ray Palmer, 
D.D., Jonathan F. Stearn, D.D., Wm. Newell, 
D.D., and H. A. Homes, LL.D., State Librarian at 
Albany, N. Y. He graduated in August, 1826, 
with the valedictory address. A month later he 
was admitted to Amherst College. It was while a 
student that he became a Christian. He united 
with the College church Nov. 2, 1828. Having 



HACKEIT 



483 



HACKETT 



graduated at Amherst, with the valedictory, Mr. 
Hackett returned to Andover and entered the tlieo- 
logical seminary. At the end of his first year in 
the seminary Mr. Hackett was honored with an 




PROF. H. B. HACKETT, D.D., I.L.D. 

appointment to a tutorship'in the college which he 
had so lately left, and held this position during the 
year 1831-32. He then returned to theological 
studies at Andover, pursuing the course to the end, 
and engaging in some occasional literary work. He 
graduated in 1834, in which year he for some time 
ministered to the Congregational church in Calais, 
Me. 

Ml-. Hackett was married to his cousin, Mary 
Wadsworth Balch, Sept. 22, 1834, and spent the 
academic year of 1834-35 as a member of the fac- 
ulty of Mount Hope College, Baltimore, in charge 
of the classical department. In the summer of 
1835 he was baptized, and united with the First 
Baptist church of Baltimore, a step resulting from 
investigations about the proper subjects of baptism. 
In September, 1835, he became a professor in Brown 
University, Providence, R. I., with the title at first 
of Adjunct Professor of the Latin and Greek Lan- 
guages, and in 1838 he was elected Professor of 
Hebrew Literature. Among his associates in the 
faculty were Drs. Wayland, Elton, and Caswell. 
Aug. 5, 1839, he was chosen Professor of Biblical 
Literature and Interpretation in Newton Theologi- 
cal Institution, becoming the colleague of Drs. 
Chase, Ripley, and Sears. Sept. 1, 1841, he sailed 
for Europe, and was absent a year, studying at 
Halle and Berlin, attending the lectures of Tho- 



luck, Gesenius, Neander, and Hengstenberg. He 
also fulfilled a commission from the Board of Man- 
eagers of the Baptist General Convention for Foreign 
Missions in behalf of Christian brethren in Den- 
mark. 

About a year after his return he published, with 
annotations, the treatise of Plutarch, " De Sera 
Numinis Vindicta" (1844). A revised edition, 
with notes by Profs. H. B. Hackett and W. S. 
Tyler, was published in 1867. In 1845 appeared 
his translation of Winer's " Chaldee Grammar," 
and in 1847 his own " Exercises in Hebrew Gram- 
mar." In 1852 he traveled in the East, and has 
given a record of his observations in the book en- 
titled " Illustrations of Scripture, suggested by a 
Tour through the Holy Land." In 1858-59 he was 
abroad again, and resided six months in Athens, 
Greece, under the auspices of the American Bible 
Union. Shortly before this he published the sec- 
ond edition of his " Commentary on the Acts," the 
first having appeared nearly seven years earlier. 
This has been styled by Dr. Peabody, in the North 
American Review, " one of the very few works of 
the kind in the English language which approaches 
in point of massive erudition the master-works of 
the great German critics, difi"ering from them only 
in possessing a soundness and accuracy which they 
sometimes lack." A few months after his return 
from Europe, Prof. Hackett delivered an able and 
eloquent address on Bible revision before the Amer- 
ican Bible Union in the city of New York, Oct. 6, 
1859. The society published the address, and also 
Dr. Hackett's " Notes on the Greek Text of the 
Epistle of Paul to Philemon," etc., in 1860. He 
contributed thirty articles to Dr. Wm. Smith's 
" Dictionary of the Bible," published in England 
in 1860-63, and in 1861 wrote an introduction to the 
American edition of Westcott's " Introduction to 
the Study of the Gospels." He compiled a volume 
entitled " Ciiristian Memorials of the AVar," pub- 
lished in 1864. In 1866 he began to edit an Amer- 
ican edition of " Smith's Dictionary of the Bible." 
Its publication took place between 1867 and 1870, 
and in this task he had the special co-operation of 
Prof. Ezra Abbot, D.D., LL.D., and some of the 
most able scholars of America. In 1868 appeared 
his translation of Van Oosterzee's " Commentary 
on Philemon," with additions, for Dr. Schaffs edi- 
tion of Lange's Commentaries. 

In the same year he terminated his professorship 
of twenty-nine years at Newton, intending, how- 
ever, still to dwell there, and to labor more ex- 
clusively for the Bible Union. But after a year of 
literary occupation he listened with favor to an 
invitation made to him through the Rev. E. G. 
Robinson, D.D., LL.D., then president of the 
Rochester Theological Seminary, to resume there 
his career as a teacher. A year later, in September, 



H AC RETT 



484 



HAD LET 



1870, he entered upon his duties as Professor of 
Biblical Literature and New Testament Exegesis, 
having just returned, with his daughter, from his 
fourth European trip. In 1870 was published his 
translation of Braune's " Commentary on Philip- 
pians," with additions, for Dr. SchaiF'swork before 
mentioned. He wrote an introduction to an Amer- 
ican edition of " The Metaphors of St. Paul and 
Companions of St. Paul,"' by John S. Howson, 
D.D., dean of Chester, published in 1872, and in 
1873 made additions, notes, and appendices to 
Rawlinson's " Historical Illustrations of the Old 
Testament." His many and valuable contributions 
to the " Bibliotheca Sacra," Christian Review^ and 
kindred works cover a period of forty years from 
1834. " The Book of Ruth," the common version 
revised, was a posthumous publication, in 1876. 

His visits to the Old World were marked with 
attentions from eminent English and Continental 
scholars. A few weeks after this final one he died 
suddenly, Nov. 2, 1875, having just returned to his 
residence from an exercise with one of his classes. 

Prof. Hackett was chosen to the membership of 
many learned societies in Europe and America, 
and only a few days before his death he attended 
a stated meeting of the New Testament Company 
of the American Bible Revision Committee. He 
received the degree of D.D. from the University of 
Vermont in 1845, and from Harvard University 
(where he was long an examiner) in 1861, and that 
of LL.D. from Amherst College in 1862. His 
memory was widely reverenced at the time of his 
death, and the tributes thus evoked were edited, 
some entire and others partially and in biographi- 
cal connection,* by one wlio had been his pupil and 
colleague, and whom he had honored with his con- 
fidence and aifection. In Newton's beautiful cem- 
etery, not far from the spot and column consecrated 
by Prof. Hackett's patriotic discourse to the fame 
of her soldiers, a massive granite monument marks 
his own resting-place. Upon one side are the prin- 
cipal dates of his life and services. The reverse 
characterizes the writer and scholar who, fervent 
in spirit, serving the Lord, instructed a generation 
of Christian ministers. 

Those who knew Dr. Hackett in later life will 
recognize the permanence of traits ascribed to him 
as a young man by the Rev. Ezekiel Russell, D.D. : 
" In character, H. B. Hackett was the beauty of 
our college Israel; modest, sincere, truthful, just, 
conceding to all their dues ; claiming little for him- 
self, and from his soul loathing everything in the 
form of affectation, intrigue, and selfish manage- 
ment." 

He has a secure fame, and is held in the affec- 



* Memorials of Horatio Balch Hackett. Edited by George H. 
Whittemore. 1870. 



tionate remembrance which he was himself so 
ready to accord. " Having once loved Andover as 
the place of his intellectual nativity, he loved it 
unto the end," said Dr. Park at his burial. At the 
centenary celebration of Phillips Academy, in 1878, 
a poem was delivered by Dr. 0. W. Holmes, whose 
prose porti-ait of his schoolmate, the future great 
Biblical scholar, was published in 1869, and is 
well known. In commemorating 

" The large-brained scholars whom their toils release, 
The bannered heralds of the Prince of Peace," 

he laid these fresh immortelles upon the grave of 
Hackett, — 

" Such was the gentle friend whose youth unblamed 
In years long past our student-benches claimed; 
Whose name, illumined on the sacred page, 
Lives in the labors of his riper age." 

Hackett, Rev. J. A., the present able pastor 
of the First Baptist church, Shreveport, La., was 
born in Illinois in 1832. When he was quite young 
his father removed to Mississippi, where he was 
brought up. He was educated at Mississippi Col- 
lege, in which he recently preached the commence- 
ment sermon, which has added greatly to his repu- 
tation as a clear thinker and forcible speaker. He 
served as pastor at Jackson, Miss., and at Clinton 
and Hazelhurst in the same State. He was called 
to Shreveport in 1876. During his present pastor- 
ate the church has erected a beautiful house of 
worship. He has also successfully established a 
mission station in the suburbs of the city at a 
former Sunday resort for amusement. 

Hadley, Rev. Moses, a pioneer preacher in 
Southwestern Mississippi, came to the State some 
time previous to 1806, and at that time labored in 
Wilkinson County. The estimation in which he 
was held in that day is seen in the fiict that he was 
chosen moderator of the Association at its second 
session, when both David Cooper and Thomas 
Mercer were present. In 1810 he wrote the cir- 
cular letter of the body on religious declension, an 
able document, in which he treats of the causes and 
cure in a forcible manner. In 1812 he wrote again 
on "Union of the Churches." The same year he 
M'as sent to Opelonsas to ordain Mr. Willis and con- 
stitute the First church in Louisiana. He was, in 
1817, one of a committee to write a summai-y of 
discipline for the chui-ches. He died in 1818, 
much regretted by his brethren, who by resolution 
expressed their high appreciation of his labors. 

Hadley, Judge T. B., was born June 30, 1801, 
in Beaufort District, S. C. In childhood his parents 
moved to Woodville, Wilkinson Co., Miss., where 
he was educated ; was admitted to the bar, and was 
sent to the Legislature of Mississippi. In 1830 he 
was auditor of public accounts for the State of Mis- 
sissippi ; in 1838 was State senator from Hinds 



HAETZER 



485 



HAIGH 



County, and he was greatly applauded for liis in- 
defatigable exertions in procuring a law for the 
" Protection of the Marital Rights of Women," long 
and familiarly known as "Hadley's Law." He 
moved to Houston, Texas, in 1844, and served his 
county as chief justice, and the city of Houston as 
recorder. He joined the Baptist church at Jack- 
son, Miss., in 1839 ; served as clerk and deacon of 
the Houston church, and always took a deep in- 
terest in its prosperity and in the progress of 
Christ's cause. The Baptist ministry of Texas will 
ever remember the generous hospitality which his 
family at all times dispensed. A good man and an 
honored citizen, he passed to the rest which re- 
maineth for the people of God, Sept. 25, 1869. 

Haetzer, Ludwig, a Hebraist, an able polemi- 
cal writer, a hymnist, and an Anabaptist. In 1523 
we find him earnestly supporting Zwingli in his 
reformatory efforts. His writing against images 
did much towards securing their removal from the 
Zurich churches. When the Anabaptists come 
forward, in 1524, we find him sympathizing with 
them in their efforts to secure pure churches, but 
still seeking to maintain the favor of Zwingli, CEco- 
lampadius, etc. In 1525 he published the ablest 
plea for temperance to be found in the literature of 
the Reformation period, in which he condemned 
unsparingly the social gatherings of the clergy, 
where wine was drunk immoderately, and where 
worldly talk, even indecent conversation, was freely 
indulged in. Driven from Switzerland, he labored 
in Augsburg, Strasburg, and Constance. In 1526, 
in connection with Hans Denk (see article), he 
published a meritorious translation of some' of the 
prophetical books of the Old Testament. He was 
beheaded at Constance in 1529, ostensibly for 
adultery, but probably on account of his Anabap- 
tist views. 

Hague, E.ev. John B., was born in New 
Rochelle, N. Y., in 1813, and was a graduate of 
Hamilton College in the class of 1832. He pur- 
sued his theological studies at Newton, graduating 
in 1835. His ordination took place at Eastport, 
Me., where he continued as pastor for ten years. 
Mr. Hague has devoted the larger part of his life to 
teaching young ladies. He has had schools in 
Jamaica Plain, Newton Centre for six years, at 
Hudson, N. Y., for ten years, and at Hackensack, 
N. J., where he removed in 1870. 

Hague, William, D.D., was born in Pelham, 
Westchester Co., N. Y., Jan. 4, 1808, and was a 
graduate of Hamilton College, N. Y., in the class of 
1826. He took his theological course at the New- 
ton Institution, graduating in 1829. He was or- 
dained Oct. 20, 1829, as pastor of the Second Bap- 
tist church in Utica, N. Y., the sermon being 
preached by Rev. Dr. B. T. Welch, of Albany. 
Here he remained' until called to the pastorate of 



the First church in Boston, to fill the vacancy 
caused by the resignation of Rev. C. P. Grosvenor. 
His installation took place Feb. 3, 1831, Rev. Dr. 
Wayland preaching the sermon. His connection 
with this church continued until June, 1837, when 
he was dismissed to enter upon his duties as pastor 
of the First church in Providence, over which 
he was installed July 12, 1837, the sermon being 
preached by Rev. Dr. B. Sears. The church com- 
memorated while he was pastor the second cen- 
tenary of its foundation, Nov. 7, 1839, and he 
preached an historical discourse on the occasion, 
which was published. During nine months of the 
year 1838-39 he was abi'oad, the Hon. S. G. Arnold 
being his traveling companion. He resigned his 
office Aug. 20, 1840, and accepted a call to the 
Federal Street church, Boston, where he com- 
menced his labors Sept. 20, 1840. His subsequent 
pastorates have been in Jamaica Plain, Mass., 
Newark, N. J., Albany, N. Y., New York City, 
and Boston. He is now pastor of a church at 
Wollaston Heights, one of the pleasant suburbs of 
Boston. Dr. Hague received the degree of Doctor 
of Divinity from Brown University in 1849, and 
from Harvard College in 1863. He was chosen a 
trustee of Brown University in 1837, and is now, 
with one exception, the oldest living member of the 
board. Among the productions of his pen are " The 
Baptist Church transplanted from the Old World 
to the New,"' " Guide to Conversation on the 
Gospel of John," "Review of Drs. Fuller and 
Wayland on Slavery," "Christianity and States- 
manship," " Home Life." He has also written 
much for the reviews and the periodical press, es- 
pecially for the WafcJunan, of Boston, with which 
he was at one time connected editorially, and whose 
columns he has often enriched over his well-known 
signature " Herbert." Dr. Hague is justly re- 
garded as one of the ablest and most scholarly 
ministers of his denomination. 

Haigh, Deacon Daniel. — -Mr. Haigh was born 
at Marsden, Yorkshire, England, in December, 1801. 
After his conversion he united with the Indepen- 
dent church at Huddersfield of which Dr. Booth- 
royd, the Bible commentator, was the pastor. He 
was afterwards baptized into the Baptist church at 
Wakefield, and served as deacon for some years. 
In 1847 he came to Illinois and settled near Long 
Grove. He was for many years an officer in the 
Pavilion and Bristol churches, and an active mem- 
ber of the Fox River Association, and helper in 
all denominational work. He still lives, retaining 
at advanced age his warm interest in the progress 
of Christ's kingdom. 

Haigh, William Morehouse, D.D., was born 
at Halifax, Yorkshire, England, in April, 1829. 
Converted at the earlv age of thirteen, he was bap- 
tized at Wakefield by Rev. J. Harvey, in 1842. In 



HAILE 



HALL 



1852 the family removed to this country, settling at 
Pavilion, in the northern part of the State. He was 
licensed to preach by the Pavilion church in 1852, 
and began his pastorate over it in January, 1853, 
being ordained in November of that year. His 
subsequent pastorates were at Chillicothe, Bristol, 
Woodstock, Mendota, and Galesburg, in Illinois. In 
August, 1862, Mr. Ilaigh entered the army as chap- 
lain of the 36th Regiment 111. Infantry, continuing 
in that service until November, 1864. A year was 
then given to the service of the Baptist Union for 
Theological Education as agent for the seminary. 
In 1877, while pastor at Galesburg, having been 
tendered the appointment of district secretary of 
the Home Mission Society for Illinois, Iowa, Wis- 
consin, and Minnesota, he accepted the service, and 
is still prosecuting it with marked ability and suc- 
cess. His field has since been extended so as to 
include Nebraska, Dakota, and Kansas, a vast ter- 
ritory, which he nevertheless succeeds in reaching 
with measures promotive of missionary work. 

Dr. Haigh has rendered important service in 
writings for the press. His "Letters to Young 
Converts," and his " Spiritual Life," first published 
in the Baptist paper at Chicago, have had a con- 
siderable additional circulation in more permanent 
forms. 

Haile, Judge Levi, was born in Warren, R. I., 
and graduated at Brown University in the class of 
1821. Having studied law, he practised his pro- 
fession in his native town. From 1835 to the close 
of his life he was one of the judges of the Supreme 
Court of Rhode Island. For many years Judge 
Haile was a prominent member of the Baptist 
church in Warren. He died July 14, 1854. 

Haldeman, Rev. Isaac Massey, was born at 
Concordville, Delaware Co., Pa., Feb. 13, 1845. 
He removed with his ftither in 1852 to West Ches- 
ter, Pa., where he received a thorough academic 
education. From the age of nineteen to twenty- 
five he was engaged in business with his father. 
He was converted in 1866, and baptized by the 
Rev. J. A. Trickett into the fellowship of the West 
Chester church. From his conversion he was im- 
pressed with the conviction thao it was his duty to 
preach, to which service his mother had from his 
infancy devoted him. His father designed him for 
business, but his own tastes were literary. He de- 
voted his leisure hours to a course of study em- 
In-acing the English classics and the ancient and 
modern languages, and he wrote for the magazines. 
Pursued by the "Woe is unto me if I preach not 
the gospel," he resolved to give himself to the min- 
istry. He accepted the invitation of his pastor to 
preach during a revival, which lasted for thirty 
consecutive nights. He proclaimed also the gospel 
in other churches. He was called in April, 1871, 

the pastorate of the Brandywine Baptist church, 



/ 



Delaware Co., in which he was ordained. Having 
remained there four years, preached to crowded 
houses, and baptized over 200 persons, he became 
pastor, of the Delaware Avenue Baptist church, 




REV. ISAAC MASSEi^ HALDEMAN. 

Wilmington, Del., in April, 1875. Here again the 
house was thronged. Meetings iield in the fall and 
winter resulted in the quickening of the members 
and in the addition of 400 to the church. The 
baptisms have since reached 800, and the member- 
ship over 1000. " As a speaker," says an intimate 
friend, " he is exceeding rich in imagery, clothing^ 
his ideas as they flow from a fountain of clear and 
logical thought with choice words and fitting met- 
aphors. He always speaks extempore." 

Hale, E.ev. William, an early minister in Mis- 
sissippi, whose labors laid the foundation of many 
of the churches in the northern part of the State, 
was born in Tennessee in 1801, and began to preach 
in his nineteenth year ; came to Mississippi in 1835. 
He was a man of strong native abilities, and with 
his co-laborer, Martin Bull, abounded in evangel- 
istic labors. He assisted in the organization of the 
Chickasaw Association, which has since grown into 
four large Associations, viz., Aberdeen, Judson, 
Tippah, and Tishamingo. He died Sept. 21, 1855. 

Hall, Jeremiah, D.D., was born at Swanzey, 
N. H., May 21, 1805. He was religiously edu- 
cated by his parents, and in 1816 was baptized at 
Colerain. Mass., by Rev. George Witherell. 

His education was obtained in part at the acad- 
emy in Ashfield, Mass., and at Brattleborough, 
Vt. But having prosecuted the studies of the col- 



HALL 



487 



HALL 



lege course as opportunity permitted, he was ad- 
mitted in 1847, by Madison University, to the de- 
gree of Master of Arts, and in 1854 the degree 
of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by 
Shurtleff College. 

In 1827 he entered the Newton Theological Insti- 
tution, and finished the course of study in 1830. He 
was ordained a minister of the gospel, Feb. 3, 1831, 
in Westford, Yt. In his joint pastorate of the 'West- 
ford and Fairfax churches he was greatly blessed, 
and large accessions were made to their numbers. 

In the spring of 1832 he accepted the charge 
of the First Baptist church in Bennington, Yt. 
During this pastorate the church was greatly 
strengthened, and a flourishing Baptist Academy, 
originated by him, was established at Bennington, 
which for some years exerted a wide influence 
in promoting the cause of Christian education in 
that vicinity. 

In the spring of 1835 he removed to ^Michigan, 
and settled at Kalamazoo. Here, in the following 
winter, under his labors was organized the First 
Baptist church, which he served as pastor till the 
close of the year 1842. 

Soon after his arrival at Kalamazoo he learned 
that the Michigan and Huron Institute, which 
had been brought into corporate existence chiefly 
through the efforts of Rev. T. W. Merrill, was seek- 
ing a home in the western part of the State, and 
that strong inducements were ofi'ered to locate it 
about six miles east of Kalamazoo. Believing that 
it should be established in the town of Kalamazoo, 
he assumed such pecuniary obligations in the pur- 
chase of land for its site as induced the trustees to 
locate what is now Kalamazoo College at that town. 
The unredeemed pledges of others, and the finan- 
cial depression which soon came on, caused him 
great embarrassment and loss. 

Early in 1843 he became pastor of the churcTi 
in Akron, 0., and in 1845 he took charge of the 
church in Norwalk, 0., with special reference to 
the founding of the Norwalk Institute, a flourish- 
ing Baptist Seminary, over which he presided 
five years. Though greatly prospered in this work, 
he resigned it to become pastor of the church in 
Granville, 0. 

In 1853 he was elected president of Granville Col- 
lege. Soon after he entered upon his duties the name 
of the college was changed to Dcnison University, 
and a new site was selected in the immediate vicinity 
of the village of Granville, handsome buildings were 
erected, a valuable library was procured, and ad- 
ditions were made to the faculty. He was subse- 
quently pastor of the Tabernacle church in Kala- 
mazoo, and of the churches in Chillicothe, Mo., and 
Shell Rock, Iowa. For the last few years he has 
resided in Port Huron, Mich. He has two sons in 
the ministi-y. 



Hall, Rev. John P., was a brother of Rev. 
Wm. S. Hall. Both these brothers left their imr 
press upon the denomination in Pennsylvania. 
John labored extensively and for many years in 
the eastern portion of Pennsylvania, where his 
consistent life won him many friends. His latter 
years were spent in the pastoral care of the Mount 
Moriah church, Fayette Co., Pa., and the Nixon 
Street church, Alleghany City, Pa. After a very 
short illness he fell asleep in Christ, and his de- 
parture cast a deep gloom over the entire church. 

Hall, Rev. Robert, of Arnsby, England, was 
born April 15, 1728, old style; his birthplace was 
Black-IIeddon, about twelve miles from Newcastle. 
His father was an Episcopalian and his mother a 
Presbyterian. The death t)f his father when he 
was a child removed him from his mother's care to 
the guardianship of an uncle. With his family he 
attended the ministry of an Arminian, whose teach- 
ings filled him with great distress without pointing 
him to the blood of atonement. His convictions 
were deepened by other causes, until, at twelve 
years of age, the lad was filled with " black despair, 
accompanied by horrid temptations, and by blas- 
phemies which ought not to be uttered."' And 
this unhappy state continued for more than seven 
years. For some time he thought that God would 
have been unholy to have saved him. Then he 
imagined that if he could live without sin there 
might be some hope for him. To secure this object 
he made a covenant with God, which was written 
with his own blood, agreeing to be lost eternally 
if he ever sinned again. This compact of course 
was soon broken, and he supposed now that hi& 
destruction was irrevocable. After some calculations 
he concluded that as his sins in a little while would 
soon exceed the crime of self-murder, he would 
commit suicide. He appointed a time to execute- 
this design, but concluded that he would first look 
at the Bible, and as he opened it his eyes fell oq 
the words, " Come, now, and let us reason to- 
gether, saith the Lord ; though your sins be as 
scarlet, they shall be as white as snow ; though 
they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool." 
These words destroyed his plan to kill himself, 
though they gave him no solid hope. At another 
time as he was reading in the New Testament the 
words arrested him, " God sentforthhis Son, made 
of a woman. Ttiade under the law to redeem them 
that were under the Jaw." Immediately this thought 
impressed him, " Christ was made under the law r 
then he was not under it originally ; for what end 
was he made under the law ? to redeem them that 
wei-e under the lata; were under the law ! then they 
are not under the law now. but redeemed. There- 
is, therefore, a way of redemption for sinners from 
the curse of the law by which it is possible even I 
may be saved ;" and in a little time he soon put 



HALL 4: 

his entire trust in the Saviour ; and ever after be- 
came valiant for the truth, and especially for the 
truth as Paul revealed it, and as John Calvin ex- 
pounded it. 

Mr. Hall's brother Christopher joined the Bap- 
tists, much to his indignation, for he regarded them 
with aversion. He and some friends had a dis- 
cussion with a Baptist minister, in which they were 
silenced but not convinced ; but on further exami- 
nation Mr. Hall fully received believer's baptism, 
and like an honest man, and like so many other 
intelligent Pedobaptists, he came out publicly, and 
was baptized Jan. 5, 1752. The next year Mr. 
Hall became pastor of the church at Arnsby on a 
salary which seldom amounted to £15 a year. His 
family increased fast, ftntil he was the father of 
fourteen children ; and by the force of self-denial 
and the plans and cares of a good wife, he kept out 
of debt. 

For a time after his settlement he was greatly 
troubled about his call to the ministry. One Sun- 
day morning he came to tell the church that he 
could not preach. An aged brother asked him to 
enter the pulpit and pray, and if he obtained help 
then he could preach, and if not they would unite 
in prayer for him. He took the advice and soon 
found a text and a sermon. That season of prayer 
gave the death-blow to doubts about his call to 
preach. 

He was blessed in winning many souls to Jesus 
Christ, in setting forth the glorious gospel in be- 
coming and in heaven-given thoughts and words ; 
and he was successful in leading a life of untar- 
nished loyalty to his divine Master. His minister- 
ing brethren loved him, his church with which he 
labored for thirty-eight years was devoted to him, 
and even the ungodly regarded Mr. Hall with rev- 
erence. 

He had a penetrating and clear mind, and a 
heart often overflowing with the love of Jesus. 
These qualities are strikingly exhibited in his little 
work, " Help to Zion's Travellers," which has had 
a wide circulation in Europe and America, and 
which has rendered great service to the children of 
God. Mr. Hall was an able and honored servant 
of the king of Zion. He died suddenly, March 13, 
1791. His son, the celebrated Robert Hall, differed 
widely from the doctrines of his fixther, and obtained 
a distinguished reputation for eloquence. 

Hall, Rev. Robert, of Leicester, England, was 
born at Arnsby, near Leicester, May 2, 1764. He 
was the youngest of fourteen children, and when 
two years old he could neither speak nor walk. 
He learned to read through the eiforts of an intel- 
ligent nurse, Avho took him for air and exercise to 
a small cemetery near his father's residence. From 
its grave-stones she taught him the alphabet, spell- 
ing, and reading. Before he was nine years old 



3 HALL 

he had become familiar with Jonathan Edwards on 
"The Freedom of the Will," and on "The Re- 
ligious Affections," and with Butler's " Analogy." 
During his whole life Edwards was a favorite with 
him. Before he was ten years of age he had writ- 
ten many essays on religious subjects. When he 
was eleven his teacher, Mr. Simmons, dismissed 
him from his school because he was farther ad- 
vanced in education than his instructor. Mr. Sim- 
mons, while young Hall was his pupil, had fre- 
quently to spend the night in preparation to keep 
up with him, and to relieve himself from this 
trouble Robert Hall was compelled to leave his 
school. 

In his fifteenth year he entered Bristol College 
to study for the ministry. Here his progress was 
equally remarkable, and speedily inspired the 
brightest hopes for his future usefulness. During 
his first summer vacation he preached at Clipstone, 
in Northamptonshire, before his father and a num- 
ber of ministers. His text was, " God is light, and 
in him is no darkness." The service was one of 
peculiar trial to him, and from which he earnestly 
begged to be relieved. Never till then had he as- 
sumed the I'esponsibility of a preacher. But the 
effort was a success, and congratulations were 
showered upon him. 

According to custom, while at Bristol he was 
required to give an address in the vestry of Broad- 
mead church before his instructors and fellow-stui- 
dents. Its commencement was brilliant, but his 
nervousness overcame him, and " covering his face 
in an agony of shame, he exclaimed, ' Oh ! I have 
lost all my ideas.' " He was appointed again to 
deliver the same address the next week, and a sec- 
ond time he made a worse failure than the first. 
Robert Hall was extremely sensitive, and these 
discouragements, while intensely mortifying, only 
summoned up or called down greater strength for 
the next trial, through which when it came he 
passed with flying colors. 

After studying three years at Bristol he went, in 
1781, to King's College, Aberdeen, where he re- 
mained four years. He pursued his studies in 
Greek and Latin, in philosophy and mathematics, 
with wonderful success. He was the first student 
in each of his classes, and the most distinguished 
young man in the college. While in Aberdeen 
Mr. Hall became acquainted with the celebrated 
Sir James Mackintosh, then a student in the same 
institution, and a young man of rare intellectual 
endowments. They discussed all important philo- 
sophical questions together on the sea-shore, or on 
the banks of the Don above the old town ; they sat 
together in the class-room ; they read Xenophon, 
Herodotus, and Plato together; and as their pur- 
suits and fi-iendships were well known, it was 
common for the students to say when Hall and 



HALL 4 

Mackintosh were seen together, " There go Plato 
and Herodotus." The regard that sprung up be- 
tween them in Aberdeen lasted until death. 

Immediately after leaving Aberdeen Mr. Hall 
became assistant to Dr. Caleb Evans, then pastor 
of Broadmead church, Bristol. The preaching of 
Mr. Hall speedily attracted very large congrega- 
tions and an unusual amount of interest. Many 
of the leading men of Bristol, and quite a number 
of Episcopal clergymen, were occasionally among 
his hearers. His position, however, in the church, 
owing to misunderstandings between Dr. Evans 
and himself, and suspicions that the eloquent young 
preacher was not quite orthodox, became uncom- 
fortable, and in 1791 he accepted a call to succeed 
the learned and erratic Robert Robinson as pastor 
of the church in Cambridge. In that city, famous 
for its Episcopal university, Mr. Hall soon acquired 
the reputation of being the most finished scholar 
and eloquent preacher in the British Islands. His 
" Apology for the Freedom of the Press," published 
in 1793, made him troops of friends and exhibited 
talents of the highest order. In 1801, Mr. Hall 
published a sermon on " Modern Infidelity," which 
carried his fame into every circle of society, and 
elicited the admiration and gratitude of the friends 
of Jesus throughout Great Britain. Dr. Gregory, 
his biographer, says, " The most distinguished 
members of the university were loud in his praises ; 
numerous passages of the sermon that were pro- 
found in reasoning, or touching and beautiful in 
expression, were read and eulogized in every col- 
lege (there are seventeen colleges in the University 
of Cambridge) and in almost every company ;" and 
all over the land it was commended in reviews, 
periodicals, newspapers, and discourses. From this 
period Mr. Hall was at the head of the British 
pulpit; he was spoken of as "The prince of 
preachers," and his opinions and sayings were 
treasured up and quoted as if they had been the 
utterances of an inspired oracle. When his next 
•sermon was printed, in 1803, which he named 
" Sentiments Proper to the Present Crisis," it was 
received all over the country with enthusiasm ; and 
even England's great prime minister, perhaps her 
greatest, William Pitt, declared that " the last ten 
pages were fully equal in genuine eloquence to any 
passage of the same length that could be selected 
from either ancient or modern orators." His sub- 
sequent publications confirmed the splendor of his 
reputation. At Cambridge his intellect gave way 
twice for short periods from nervous prostration, 
but his recovery was perfect. He spent fifteen 
years at Cambridge and nearly twenty at Leicester, 
and then returned to Bristol in 1825, and entered 
the heavenly Canaan Feb. 21, 1831. His success 
in Leicester and Bristol was quite equal to his 
usefulness in Cambridge. He was the greatest 



9 HALL 

preacher that ever used the English tongue, and 
his works will be read while the language of Britain 
is spoken. They were first published in six vol- 
umes, in 1833, and they have passed through eleven 
editions up till 1853. 

Mr. Hall never read his sermons, and very seldom 
wrote them entire. He studied them with the 
greatest care, though his use of paper was exceed- 
ingly limited. 

He was the victim of a painful disease from boy- 
hood till death. His brothers had frequently to 
carry him part of the way to and from school ; he 
was often in mature years compelled to lie down 
on his back on the floor to gain relief from his an- 
guish. For more than twenty years he was unable 
to pass a whole night in bed. He carried with him 
continually " an internal apparatus of torture," 
ready for work any moment, and certain not to be 
idle for any considerable time ; and yet when free 
from pain he was one of the happiest of men. 

At thirty-three years of age he was " a well- 
proportioned, athletic man, with a deportment of 
unassuming dignity, with winning frankness in all 
that he uttered, and with a speaking countenance 
animated by eyes radiating with the brilliancy im- 
parted to them by benevolence, wit, and intellectual 
energy." " His mind was equally distinguished 
by power and symmetry, where each single faculty 
is of imposing dimensions and none out of propor- 
tion to the rest. His intellect was eminently acute 
and comprehensive ; his imagination prompt, vivid, 
and affluent." He had the readiest command of 
the most appropriate language and beautiful 
imagery ever given to a mortal. His reading was 
enormous, from six to eight hours a day he often 
spent at it, and it ran over the Greek and Latin 
poets, orators, historians, and philosophers ; the 
early Christian fathers, the Reformers, the Puri- 
tans, and Episcopalians of the seventeenth century, 
and more modern theologians, French and English. 
Nor was there any branch of literature with which 
he had not a remarkable acquaintance. 

His piety was deep and abiding. Soon after his 
first attack of mental aberration he felt in himself 
the most extensive change in his relations to Jesus. 
His heart became the Saviour's more unreservedly 
than ever ; his habits were more devotional than 
they had been previously, and his spiritual exei-- 
cises more fervent and more elevated. The light 
of God's countenance followed him, and the peace 
of God was continually with him, and when he 
came to die, though his was a death of extreme 
physical pain, his faith was triumphant, and strong 
in the Lord he passed away joyfully to his eternal 
home. 

He held Arminian views of the atonement, and 
in a measure of some of the other doctrines of 
grace, and he spoke scornfully of the works of Dr. 



HALL 



490 



HALTEMAN 



Clill, a writer who knew immensely more of the 
languages and teachings of the Bible than himself; 
he believed that unbaptized persons might come to 
the Lord's table. He had other peculiarities of 
doctrine as unscriptural as those just named. But 
while we discard his errors without hesitation, not- 
withstanding the authority of his great name, and 
in disregard of the sublimest eloquence by which 
false doctrine was ever commended to human con- 
sciences, we rejoice in the mighty preacher of Cam- 
bridge, Leicester, and Bristol as an illustrious ser- 
vant of king Jesus. 

Hall, Rev. Robert S., a leading Baptis't preacher 
and educator in Northwestern Louisiana, was born 
in Ireland, in 1825, of Presbyterian parents, who 
devoted much time to his religious culture. Being 
designed for the ministry, he received a liberal edu- 
cation at Queen's College, Belfast. He emigrated 
to the United States, and engaged in teaching. He 
united with the Baptists, and in 1852 settled in 
Caddo Parish, La. He began to preach in 1867, 
and from his talents and learning at once became 
a man of mark. He died much regretted in 1873. 

Hall, Rev. Wm. S., was born of Quaker parent- 
age, in Blockley, Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 27, 1809, 
and died in White Deer Valley, June 8, 1867, in his 
fifty-eighth year. Converted at the age of sixteen, 
he was baptized by Rev. J. H. Kennard, D.D., and 
ordained Oct. 4, 1829. His labors were spread 
over Berks, Schuylkill, Lancaster, Chester, and the 
Northumberland region as a mission-field, and as 
a pastor they were given to Frankford and Miles- 
town in Philadelphia, Zanesville, O., Ridley, Pa., 
Phcenixville, Pa., Laight Street, N. Y., and the 
North church in Philadelphia. 

The peculiarities characterizing Brother Hall 
were uncommon energy, surprising fluency in 
language, suavity of manners, and great firmness in 
advocating and in defending unpopular sentiments. 
This led him to strongly press the claims of free 
missions, and the revision of the Bible. To his 
praise let it be said that in the hour when his posi- 
tion was deemed the very height of folly, he never 
gave up his principles, even at the period of his 
ministry when to be a free mission or Bible Union 
advocate was to invite bitter opposition. His record 
shows that he baptized 2459 persons, founded 9 
churches, and built 8 meeting-houses. 

Hallett, Capt. Benjamin, was born in Barn- 
stable, Mass., Jan. 18, 1760. He saw active ser- 
vice, both in the navy and the army, during the 
Revolutionary war. He was among the most en- 
terprising merchants of his time, and was recog- 
nized as a man of rare qualities. For nearly sev- 
enty years Capt. Hallett was a consistent member 
of a Baptist church. We are told that " when he 
visited Boston he was hailed with a welcome 
wherever he went, whether he made his appear- 



ance on the exchange, in marts of trade, or in 
Dr. Stillman's vestry, where his voice was often 
heard." He exerted his influence, and most suc- 
cessfully, in the Bethel, and stirred up the hearts 
of his Christian friends in Boston to labor and pray 
for the spiritual good of seamen. He died at his 
residence in Barnstable, Dec. 31, 1849, in the 
ninetieth year of his age. 

Halliburton, Rev. Henry, an eloquent young 
Baptist minister of Northern Arkansas, was born 
in Tennessee in 1845. He began to preach in 
1873, and developed rare abilities as an evan- 
gelist. At the time of his death, in 1877, he was 
a missionary in the White River region. 

Halliburton, Col. W. H,, is a distinguished 
lawyer at De Witt, Ark., who has taken an active 
part in the work of the Baptist denomination in 
the State for a number of years. He was born in 
Tennessee in 1815. He has never sought public 
position, but has filled several offices of trust with 
great credit to himself. During the war he was 
Confederate States marshal, and has always been 
efficient in church work. 

Halteman, Rev. David Emory, pastor of the 
First Baptist church in Delavan, Wis., is a native 
of Montgomery Co., Pa., where he was born Aug. 
28, 1834. His ancestors in the paternal line were 




REV. DAVID EMOKY HALTEMAN. 

German Mennonites. The family came to America 
from Germany in 1698, and settled at German- 
town, Pa. This old town was the birthplace of 
three successive generations of the family. His 
mother was Scotch by birth, although her parents 



EALTEMAN 



491 



HAMBERLIN 



\ to America when she was a child. When 
the subject of this sketch was four years old his 
father removed to Ohio and settled at Dayton, which 
became subsequently his home. Mr. Halteman's 
earliest religious instruction came from his godly 
Presbyterian mother. He attended the Sunday- 
school of the First Baptist church in Dayton, 0. 
At twelve years of age he was converted and bap- 
tized into the fellowship of the First Baptist church 
in Dayton. 

When seventeen years of age he was licensed by 
the church of which he was a member to preach 
the gospel. He was educated at Granville College 
(now Denison University) and Rochester Uni- 
versity. He was formally set apart to the work 
of the Christian ministry by a council called by 
the Baptist church in Bloomfield, 111., in Decem- 
ber, 1857. This church he supplied sis months. 
Having received an invitation to the pastorate 
of the Baptist church in Marengo, 111., he entered 
upon his labors there in July, 185S, and continued 
in this relation eleven years. The church was 
small in numbers, and during his pastorate of 
eleven years it grew to be the largest in the As- 
sociation, the membership being over 400 when 
he closed his labors there. The meeting-house 
and parsonage were built during his pastorate. 
Frequent revivals, in two instances of great power, 
blessed his ministry. In July, 1869, Mr. Halte- 
man accepted a call to the pastorate of the First 
Baptist church in Delavan, Wis., one of the most 
important churches in the State. He began his 
ministry there in the autumn of the same year, 
and has continued it with fidelity and success up 
to the present time. Though it is of twenty-three 
years' duration it has been confined to two fields, 
and the results abundantly show the advantage of 
faithful labor in a prolonged term of pastoral ser- 
vice. He has frequently been tempted by calls 
to other important fields, but has uniformly de- 
clined to consider them, feeling that, as a rule, 
the more permanent the pastoral relation the 
better is the cause of Christ served. He has been 
an indefatigable worker in the study, in visits 
among his people, and in the State. During his 
ministry he has preached 4120 times, including 
sermons at Conventions, Associations, councils, 
dedications, and funerals. He has received 856 
members into the two churches of which he has 
been pastor, 505 of whom were baptized by him ; 
adding 180 persons baptized into other churches, 
he has immersed altogether 685 persons. His 
ministry builds up the churches strong doctrinally, 
develops generous habits of benevolence, and es- 
ta.blishes the members in spiritual life and power. 
Just now his church is erecting a fine house of 
worship. 

For eight successive years Mr. Halteman has 



been the president of the Wisconsin Baptist State 
Convention, and an active member of its board. 
As a presiding officer of a deliberative body he has 
few superiors, displaying rare tact, impartiality, 
and familiarity with parliamentary law. At the 
dedication of meeting-houses his services have been 
in frequent requisition. 

During the war he served as chaplain of tin- 
15th Regiment 111. Volunteers one year, but his 
pastoral relation was not disturbed while he was 
absent. 

Frank,_open-hearted, generous to a fault, he has 
fulfilled in a high degree the promise with which 
he began his ministry. He has for many years 
taken a leading part in the denominational work 
of the State. If personal qualities, acquired knowl- 
edge, large experience, purity of aim and life, are 
of any value in the ministry, our brother is fitted 
to do the best work of his life in years yet to come. 

Ham, Rev. Mordecai F., a prominent and 
useful minister in Southern Kentucky, was born in 
Allen County of that State, April 30, 1816. He 
united with Trammels Fork Baptist church, in 
his neighborhood, in April, 1838 ; was licensed to 
pi-each in 1842, and ordained in 1843, at which 
time he became pastor of Bethlehem, the oldest and 
largest church in his county, and has continued to 
serve in that capacity to the present time. He has 
preached statedly to four churches, and, on accouiu 
of the scarcity of preachers in his region, has some- 
times supplied as many as six. He has received 
into the churches he has served over 20U0 members, 
by experience and baptism. Mr. Ham has per- 
formed considerable missionary labor, and has, 
with the assistance of his co-laborers, formed sev- 
eral new churches. For some years he has been 
collecting at his own expense a library for the use 
of young ministers in his locality. He has ex- 
pended several hundred dollars in this enterprise, 
and has commenced the formation of a valualile 
library, especially rich in the subject of Baptist 
history. He has been eighteen years moderator 
of Bays Fork Association. His only son. Rev. 
Tobias Ham, is a young preacher of excellent 
promise. 

Hamberlin, Rev. John B., pastor at Vicks- 
burg,- Miss., a descendant of Deacon Wm. Ham- 
berlin, who accompanied Richard Curtis and his 
company of Baptists to Mississippi in 1780 ; grad- 
uated at Mississippi College with the first honor 
of his class in 1856, and at Rochester Theologies 
Seminary, N. Y., in 1858 ; pastor at Clinton and 
Raymond, Miss., from 1858 to 1862; two years 
chaplain in Confederate army, during the rest of 
the war was State superintendent of army missions. 
After the war he established Meridian Female Col- 
lege, and supplied Meridian and several surround- 
ing churches, and edited The Christian Watchman 



HAMILTON 



492 



HAND 



and College Mirror. This excessive labor impaired 
his health, and he retired to the Gulf coast. Here 
he began a missionary work that resulted in the 
establishment of eight churches on the line of the 
New Orleans and Mobile Railroad, and the Gulf 
Coast Association. He became pastor at Vicks- 
burg in 1880. 

Hamilton, Rev. Alexander, was born in Ire- 
land ; his parents were Scotch-Irish ; educated at 
the Royal College, Belfast, for the Presbyterian 
ministry, he embraced Baptist sentiments and 
united with that denomination in 1845; was em- 
ployed by the Irish Missionary Society of the 
English Baptists, and labored at Conlig, Ban- 
bridge, and Belfast. He came to the United 
States through the influence of Spencer H. Cone, 
D.D., and Benjamin M. Hill, D.D., secretary of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society. Soon 
after reaching this country he was ordained by the 
First Baptist church of New Haven, Conn., in 
1851. He immediately went to "Wisconsin as the 
missionary of the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society, where he has served in the Christian min- 
istry until the present. He has been pastor at 
Barton, Appleton, Walworth, Eau Claire, and 
Waukau, spending twenty-eight years with these 
churches. He is living in retirement at Ripon, 
Wis. His ministry has been fruitful. 

Hamilton, Eev. Hiram, was born Dec. 25, 
1820, in Portage Co., 0. ; baptized in March, 1843, 
at Napoleon, Mich. ; was soon after licensed. He 
studied at Madison University, and graduated at 
the University of Michigan in 1849. In 1850 he 
crossed the plains to California, and for eight years 
was at the head of the first Protestant female 
seminary in that State. In 1855 he was ordained, 
and served as pastor six months at San Jose. In 
1864 he was appointed missionary to Idaho by the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society ; organ- 
ized a church and built a meeting-house at Idaho 
City. In 1866 he built a house at Boise City, at a 
cost of $3000, taught a school, and was chaplain of 
the first Legislature. He collected the Benneau and 
Shoshone Indians, andpi'eached the gospel to them. 
In 1869 he returned to California, located in the 
San Joaquin Valley, began missionai-y work, estab- 
lished a church, into whose membership over fifty 
were soon baptized. His life-work is that of an 
educator. In this he is still active; is a member of 
the San Joaquin board of education, a zealous 
Christian, and ever ready to aid in advancing the 
interests of the denomination in California. 

Hamilton Theological Seminary was founded 
at Hamilton, N. Y., May 1, 1820, by the Rev. 
Daniel Hascall as teacher in Ancient Languages, 
and Rev. Dr. Nathaniel Kendrick as teacher in 
Theology. It is certain, however, that as early as 
1816 Daniel Hascall suggested the idea of a literary 



and theological institute to Nathaniel Kendrick. 
Out of this institution came Madison University, 
Hamilton Theological Seminary, and Colgate Acad- 
emy. See these articles in this work, and also ar- 
ticles Daniel Hascall and Nathaniel Kendrick. 

Hancock, B. F., Esq., was born in Philadel- 
phia, Pa., Oct. 19, 1800, and he died Feb. 1, 1867. 
Two sons were born to him, — John Hilary, and 
Winfield Scott, now a major-general in the U. S. 
army, and lately a candidate for the Presidency of 
the United States. He served as deacon in the Nor- 
ristown Baptist church, and also as superintendent 
of its Sunday-school for several years. He was 
a constituent member of the Bridgeport Baptist 
church, and served as deacon, church treasurer, and 
clerk, and he was Sunday-school superintendent 
until his death. He was regarded as a wise coun- 
selor, a conscientious, diligent, liberal, and faith- 
ful Christian. He loved the prayer-meeting, was 
invariably in his place, always prompt in taking 
part, and earnest and tender in urging his brethren 
to work for their blessed Lord and Saviour. Tears 
were often in his eyes while praying or speaking, 
or listening to the preaching of the gospel. At 
times, when pleading for his children, for the con- 
version of sinners, and for the prosperity of the 
church, his feelings would so completely overcome 
him as to compel an abrupt conclusion. He was 
not only uniformly present at all the services of the 
sanctuary and Sabbath-school, but was always in 
time. He was honored by the North Philadelphia 
Association with several successive elections as 
moderator. 

No citizen of Norristown ever exerted a more de- 
cided Christian influence, or commanded more 
general respect. The Bridgeport Baptist church 
and Sunday-school are feeling the blessed influence 
of his counsels and prayers to-day, and will doubt- 
less continue to be benefited thereby even to the 
end of time. 

Hand, E,ev. George, was born at Cape May, 
N. J., Sept. 2, 1821 ; graduated from the Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania with the first honor in 
1849 ; was ordained pastor of the West Kensington 
church, Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 7, 1849 ; was pas- 
tor of the Hatborough church. Pa., for ten years, 
from 1852. He has devoted much time to teach- 
ing, for which he has superior qualifications, but 
he has always maintained his calling as a preacher 
by proclaiming the Word of life on the Lord's day. 

Mr. Hand is a scholar, a Christian, and a faith- 
ful laborer for Jesus in the seminary and in the 
pulpit. 

Hand, Rev. Henry, was a native of New Jer- 
sey. He was converted Oct. 23, 1783, about which 
time he moved with his father to Georgia from 
South Carolina. He began to preach first as an 
itinerant minister, but afterwards had charge of a 



HANKS 



493 



HANNA 



number of churches. He was a most laborious and 
zealous preacher, scattering the good seed of the 
gospel, on both sides of the Savannah River, from 
Savannah to Augusta, most faithfully and earnestly, 
during a period of not less than fifty years, from 
about 1785 to 1835. He died Jan. 9, 1837. 

Hanks, Rev. Robert Taylor, vras born April 
23, 1850; a man of more than ordinary ability and 
of enviable reputation. His theological education 
was received in the Southern Baptist Theological 
Seminary at Greenville, S. C. After graduating 
he took charge of Barea church, near Greenville, 
having been ordained in 1871 at Dalton. In 1872 
he went to Alabama, and entered Howard College, 
where he remained some time, but left that institu- 
tion to enter Richmond College, Va., in 1873, 
where he spent three years. In the summer of 
1875 he preached for the Petersburg church, in 
the interim between the resignation of Dr. Hatcher 
and the settlement of Dr. Eaton. On the 15th of 
October, 1876, he took charge of the Baptist church 
at Dalton, Ga., resigning in January, 1879, to as- 
sume the pastorate o.f the Albany church, where 
he is laboring most efficiently at present. As a 
preacher he is pleasant and gracefi.l in manner, 
fluent in utterance, sound in his presentation of 
truth, and, at the same time, tender and pathetic. 
His social and genial disposition, combined with 
an earnest and sincere piety, has always won for 
him the affection, confidence, and esteem of those 
among whom he labors. He is an industrious 
worker, and fully abreast of the times in all the 
great benevolent schemes of the day. 

Hanna, Judge William Brantly, was born 
Nov. 23, 1835, in the district of Southwark, now 
within the limits of the city of Philadelphia. His 
parents were, and still are, members of the First 
church, Philadelphia. He was educated at both 
private and public schools, and graduated from the 
Central High School of Philadelphia in July, 1853, 
when he determined upon a professional life ; he 
began to study law in the office of his father, John 
Hanna, Esq. He graduated from the law depart- 
ment of the University of Pennsylvania, and was 
admitted to practise Nov. 14, 1857. He was sub- 
sequently appointed an assistant to the district at- 
torney of the county, and remained in that position 
between two and three years. In 1867 he was 
elected to the common council of the city ; was 
re-elected in 1870, and, before the expiration of 
the term, was chosen a member of the select coun- 
cil. In October, 1872, he was sent to represent the 
second senatorial district of the city in the con- 
vention that then assembled to revise and amend 
the constitution of the State of Pennsylvania. 
While serving as a member of the convention he 
was re-elected to the select council for the term 
of three years beginning Jan. 1, 1874. The new 



constitution having been ratified by the vote of 
the people, and having provided for the establish- 
ment of an orphans' court in the city and county 
of Philadelphia, he was nominated as one of the 




JUDGE WILLIAM BRANTLY HANNA. 

three judges who should compose the court. In 
November, 1874, he Avas elected for the term of 
ten years beginning Jan. 1, 1875, and he has been 
commissioned president judge, which office he still 
holds. 

Judge Hanna is a member of the First church, 
Philadelphia, having been baptized April 3, 1859. 
He has served as clerk and trustee, and is at pres- 
ent one of the deacons of the church. He is also 
the president of the ''Baptist Orphanage of Phila- 
delphia," and a member of the board of managers 
of the "American Sunday-School Union." These 
varied and repeated appointments in secular and 
religious affairs are a fitting testimony to his marked 
ability, his sterling uprightness, and his exemplary 
Christian chai-acter. He is one of the best judges 
in the State. 

Hanna, Rev. Thomas Alexander Thomson, 
son of Thomas Thomson and Matilda (Carson) 
Hanna, was born in County Derry, Ireland, Aug. 
6, 1842; his grandfather. Surgeon Thomas Hanna, 
R.N.. served under Nelson ; his mother is a daugh- 
ter of Rev. Alexander Carson, LL.D. ; spent his 
childhood in Glasgow, Scotland; came to America 
at the age of seven ; converted in New York in 1858, 
and baptized by Rev. Ira R. Stuard ; studied eight 
years in Hamilton, N. Y. ; ordained in 1866 as first 
pastor of Central Baptist church, Williamsburg, 



HANNAH 



494 



HANSON 



N. Y., and served about three years ; then first pas- 
tor of Fifth church in same place more than four 
years ; in 1874-75 traveled in Europe and the East ; 
settled in Plantsville, Conn., in 1875 ; secretary of 




REV. THOMAS ALEXANDER THOMSON HANNA. 

Connecticut Baptist State Convention for past three 
years ; has vrritten small commentary for Bible 
Union, and numerous articles for leading Baptist 
periodicals; married, in 1870, Emily Frances, daugh- 
ter of Dr. Adoniram and Emily Judson ; a very 
scholarly man ; a student in several languages. 

Hannan, Rev. Barton, was a pioneer preacher 
in the Mississippi Territory, who sufi"ered persecu- 
tion under the Spanish rule. He was imprisoned 
for preaching soon after the government passed into 
the hands of the Spaniards, and remained several 
years in jail, until near the time of the change of 
government. ■ When his wife went to the com- 
mandant, Don Manuel Gayoso de Lemos, and de- 
manded the release of her husband, he endeavored 
to «vade her demand by caressing her babe and 
making it rich presents. The resolute woman 
said to him, " I don't want your presents ; I want 
my husband." He replied, " I cannot grant your 
request, madam." She answered, "I will have 
him before to-morrow morning, or this place shall 
be deluged in blood ; for there are men enough 
who have pledged themselves to release him before 
morning or die in the attempt." The governor 
deemed it prudent to yield to the demand of this 
resolute woman, and Hannan was released. He 
lived to preach the gospel unmolested under the 
flag of the United States. 



Hansard Knollys Society, The, was instituted 

by our English brethren to republish some of the 
valuable writings of their fathers, and to issue im- 
portant records never printed before. Ten volumes 
are the results of its judicious efforts. The first 
appeared in 1846, and contains " Tracts on Liberty 
of Conscience and Persecution," from 1614 to 1661 ; 
the second, " The Unpublished Records of the 
Broadmead Chui-ch, Bristol," from 1640 to 1686 ; 
the third, "The Pilgrim's Progress," printed from 
the first edition ; the fourth, " The Bloudy Tenent 
of Persecution," by Roger Williams ; the fifth, "A 
Necessity of Separation from the Church of Eng- 
land," by John Canne ; the sixth and eighth eon- 
tain Van Braght's " Martyrology of the Churches 
of Christ," translated from the Dutch ; the seventh 
contains Du Veil's "Commentary on the Acts of 
the Apostles" ; the ninth, " The Records of the 
Fehstanton, Warboys, and Hexham Churches," 
from 1644 to 1720; the tenth, "Confessions of 
Faith and other Public Documents of the Baptist 
Churches of England in the Seventeenth Cen- 
tury." 

These works are of rare value, and they have 
numerous and important notes. No Baptist min- 
ister who can secure them should be without them. 
Unfortunately, the Hansard Knollys Society is 
dead. 

Hanson, James Hobbs, LL.D., was born in 
China, Me., June 26, 1816. His ancestors on both 
sides were of English origin, and among the early 
settlers of New England. His youth was spent 
amid the scenes and toils of farm-life, in the enjoy- 
ment of such intellectual advantages as the com- 
mon school and an occasional term at the village 
academy were capable of aff'ording. His earliest 
and strongest wish was to obtain an education. 
When he was eighteen years of age he became a 
hopeful Christian. Soon after he commenced his 
regular preparation for college. Even at that early 
period he had decided to make teaching the business 
of his life. He was a graduate of Waterville Col- 
lege, now Colby University, taking a distinguished 
position as a scholar in the class of 1842. The year 
after graduation was spent in teaching in Hamp- 
den, Me. In September, 1843, he entered upon 
his duties as principal of Waterville Academy, 
where he remained till March, 1853. At that time 
he took charge of the high school in Eastport, Me. 
In January, 1857, an invitation to become princi- 
pal of the boys' high school in Portland, Me., was 
accepted. Here he taught for a little more than 
eight years, at the end of which he was urged to 
return to Waterville to take charge of the acad- 
emy with which he had formerly been connected. 
Here he commenced anew his labors, and has con- 
tinued at his post up to the present time. In ad- 
dition to the discharge of his duties as a teacher. 



HARALSON 



495 



HARDING 



Mr. Hanson has annotated and published Caesar's 
" Commentaries on the Gallic War,'" Sallust's " Cati- 
line," a volume of Cicero's orations in connection 
with Mr. J. W. Rolfe, of Cambridge, Mass., a vol- 
ume of extracts from Ovid, Virgil, and Horace, 
called "The Hand-Book of Latin Poetry." In 
1872 he received from his alma mater the honorary 
degree of LL.D. 

Haralson, Judge Jonathan, a fine jurist, judge 
of the city court of Selma, a most useful member 
of the Selma Baptist church, and president of the 
Baptist Convention of Alabama, was born Oct. 18, 
1830, in Lowndes County. Mr. Haralson gradu- 
ated in the State University, under Dr. Manly, in 
1851, and in 1852 in New Orleans in the law-school 
of Louisiana. In 1853 he settled in Selma, where 
he maintained a first-class practice until 1875, when 
he was appointed by the governor of the State judge 
of the city court of Selma. He is a trustee of 
Howard College and of the Agricultural and Me- 
chanical Colleges of the State. 

He united with the Baptist Church when four- 
teen years of age, — and he became a deacon of the 
Selma church in 1855 ; was the efficient superin- 
tendent of the Sunday-school for seven years ; has 
been sent to Europe on important professional 
business twice. Judge Haralson may be reckoned 
among the most distinguished laymen in the State, 
and his brother Hugh is not less so. 

Hardin, Charles Henry, ex-governor of Mis- 
souri and founder of the female college that bears 
his name, was born in Kentucky in 1820. His 
ancestors from colonial times lived in Fairfax Co., 
Va. His father removed to Kentucky, and after- 
wards to Missouri, where he settled in Boone 
County. Charles H. had good literary opportu- 
nities, of which he availed himself, and, after 
graduating with honor, pursued the study of law, 
and in 1843 commenced practice at Fulton. Being 
elected a justice of the peace, he was early not^ 
for his correct decisions. His business increased, 
until he was recognized as one of the most labori- 
ous, efficient, and sound lawyers within reach. In 
1852 he was elected to the Legislature, and after- 
wards re-elected ; and he was chosen while there, 
with two others, to revise and compile the State 
statutes, and then to superintend their publication. 
After serving in the house of representatives six 
years he was elected to the senate, in which he was 
honored as chairman of the judiciary committee. 

In 1861 he removed to his present home in Mex- 
ico, Audrain Co. Here his professional services were 
extensively sought. After a period of ten years 
he was again sent to the senate, and honored as 
before with the chairmanship of the judiciary com- 
mittee, and also with that of the asylum committee. 
In 1874 he was elected govei-nor of the State by a 
majority of more than 40,000, and by his wise 



management he was instrumental in restoring the 
credit of the State bonds. After serving out his 
term, he retired to his home, where he is honored 
and beloved for his great abilities, unswerving 
honesty, and Christian generosity. The cause of 




GOVERNOR CHARLES HENRY HARDIN. 

education finds in him a devoted friend. The 
female college, one of the results of his benefac- 
tions, which he has endowed, and which he con- 
tinues to aid, exerts an extensive influence over the 
State. He is a member of the Baptist Church. 

Hardin College.— This young ladies' school was 
founded in 1873, by Gov. Charles H. Hardin. He 
gave $40,000 in lands and cash to establish it. 
The college buildings are complete, and of modern 
style. The grounds are extensive and finely ar- 
ranged. Mrs. H. T. Baird is the experienced and 
accomplished president. The course of study is 
comprehensive and thorough. Upwards of 100 
students were in attendance last year. It is located 
at Mexico, Audrain Co., Mo. 

Harding, Rev. Harris, one of the fathers of 
the Baptist denomination in Nova Scotia, was born 
Oct. 10, 1761, in Horton, Nova Scotia; converted 
under Henry Alline's preaching, in Cornwallis, in 
1783 ; evangelized in 1785 in Colchester and Cum- 
berland Counties ; in Chester in 1788 ; in Annapolis 
County in 1789; in Yarmouth, Onslow, and Am- 
herst in 1790; in Liverpool, Argyle, and Barring- 
ton in 1791; ordained at Onslow, Sept. 16, 1794; 
was immersed as a Baptist in Yarmouth, Aug. 28, 
1799, by Rev. James Manning; took part in form- 
ins; the Baptist Association, June 23, 1800 ; was a 



HARDING 



HARDWICKE 



pioneer of the gospel in 1817 to Cape Canso, to 
Westport in 1818; Mr. Harding had a passion for 
the conversion of sinners ; and to his labors, under 
God, is largely to be attributed the growth of the 
Baptist denomination in Yarmouth. Died March 7, 
1854, in the ninety-third year of his age. 

Harding^, Rev. John, a prominent and useful 
preacher of Green Co., Ky., was born, of Baptist 
parentage, in Washington Co., Ky., Jan. 16, 1785. 
His education was finished under Rev. N. H. Hall. 
He joined Pitman's Creek Baptist church, in Green 
County, at the age of twenty-five. Two years 
afterwards he was ordained to the ministry, and be- 
came pastor of Pitman's Creek and other churches. 
He was a man of extensive reading, and he was 
a strong logical preacher and writer. He was a 



tered to the Baptistchurch, Fredericton, New Bruns- 
wick, three years from 1818 ; evangelized in Pictou 
and in Prince Edward Island in 1826. The church 
celebrated the jubilee of his pastorate Feb. 13, 
1846 ; died June 8, 1855. Was a warm friend of 
Horton Academy and Acadia College. Strongly 
doctrinal, deeply emotional, quick and elastic, 
Theodore Seth Harding was pre-eminently the Bap- 
tist orator of the Maritime Provinces. 

Hardwieke, J. B., D.D., was born in Bucking- 
ham Co., Va., Aug. 9, 1830. At the age of twelve 
he made a profession of religion, and united with 
the Enon Baptist church. In 1852 he was ordained 
at the Enon church, in order that he might accept 
calls to two churches in Campbell Co., Va. He at 
once became prominent among the young preachers 




HARDIN COLLEGE. 



brother of Hon. Aaron Harding, and uncle of 
Chief- Justice M. R. Harding. Died Nov. 11, 1854. 
Harding, John H., was born in St. John, New 
Brunswick ; converted and baptized in Wolfville, 
Nova Scotia, while attending Horton Academy, in 
1834 ; is a deacon of the Baptist church, Germain 
Street, St. John ; was treasurer of the New Bruns- 
wick Baptist Home Missionary Board, and is a firm 
friend of all denominational enterprises. 

Harding, Rev. Theodore Seth, a founder of 

the Baptist denomination in Nova Scotia, was born 
in Barrington, Nova Scotia, March 14, 1773 ; con- 
verted in 1787 ; commenced preaching in 1793 ; with- 
drew from the Methodist denomination, and was 
baptized at Halifax, May 31, 1795 ; ordained pastor 
of the Horton church, July 31, 1796 ; evangelized 
and baptized in Cobiquid, 1799 ; took part in form- 
ing the Baptist Association, June 23, 1800 ; minis- 



of the country. In 1853 he accepted a call to Green- 
field, Va., where he remained for seven years. Here 
his special mission seems to have been to aid in 
rescuing the churches from the growing influence 
of anti-mission teachers. His next call was from 
Danville, which he declined, and after the call was 
repeated, he agreed to divide his time with them 
until they could secure a pastor. In 1860 he ac- 
cepted a call to the Second church of Petersburg, 
and remained there until 1864. Now his time was 
divided between his church and the hospitals that 
were established in Petersburg during the war. 
His next field was Goldsborough, N. C, where he 
spent several years of successful labor. Afterwards 
he removed to Parkersburg, W. Va. Here he com- 
menced the publication of the Baptist Record, which 
he edited for five years. His efforts here aided in 
uniting the Baptists of West Virginia in their sup- 



HARDY 



497 



HARPER 



port of one general organization, and in harmon- 
izing churches that had been rent asunder by the 
civil war. In 1873 the College of West Virginia 
conferred upon him the degreeof Doctor of Divinity. 
The year follovfing he accepted a call to Atchison, 
Kansas. He served there for two years and nine 
months, was then called to Leavenworth, the largest 
city in the State. While in Kansas he was record- 
ing secretary, then president, and afterwards cor- 
responding secretary of the State Convention. He 
was also a member of the board of directors, and 
a trustee of Ottawa University. He rendered val- 
uable aid in freeing this school from financial em- 
barrassments and difficulties that hindei-ed its pros- 
perity. At present Dr. Hardwicke lives at Bryan, 
Texas," and is pastor of a large and influential 
church. From eai-ly life he has been a regular 
contributor to various secular and religious peri- 
odicals, and he has published several sermons. 

Hardy, Col. William H., a prominent lawyer 
at Meridian, Miss., was born in Alabama in 1837, 
and became a Baptist at the age of fourteen. He 
took a partial course at Cumberland University, 
Tenn. In 1856 he came to Mississippi and engaged 
in teaching. He began the practice of law in 1858, 
and at once became prominent at the bar, and he 
now occupies the front rank of his profession in 
Eastern Mississippi. He commanded a company 
in the Confederate army, and was afterwards on the 
staff of Gen. J. A. Smith as assistant adjutant-gen- 
eral. In 1872 he was elected grand master of the 
Masons ; was tendered the nomination for governor 
of the State ; was once elected vice-president of the 
Southern Baptist Convention ; Presidential elector 
in 1876. Col. Hardy has always taken an active 
part in the denominational work in Mississippi. 

Harkness, Prof. Albert, Ph.D., LL.D., was 
born in Mendon, Mass., and was a graduate of 
Brown University in the class of 1842. For nearly 
six years after his graduation he held an important 
position as an instructor in the Providence High 
School. In the fall of 1853 he went abroad to 
pursue his studies in the German universities, and 
was absent two years. He first attended lectures 
at the University of Bonn. From Bonn he went 
to Berlin, and from it to Gbttingen. The degree 
of Doctor of Philosophy was conferred upon him 
by the University of Bonn. Returning home early 
in the fall of 1855, he entered upon his duties as 
Professor of the Greek Language and Literature in 
Brown University. In 1870 he went abroad the 
second time, and was absent a little over a year, 
studying at Bonn, Heidelberg, and Berlin, and 
making extensive tours through different parts of 
Europe. 

Prof. Harkness has published several works con- 
nected with his special department, and others de- 
signed to aid the student in Latin. Of these the 



best known and most popular is his Latin gram- 
mar, first published in 1864, which has had a very 
large circulation. He was one of the founders of 




PROF. ALBERT HARKNESS, PH.D., LL.D. 

the Philological Association, and its president in 
1876-77. It is matter for just pride that we have 
in the Baptist denomination so accomplished and 
well known a scholar as Prof. Harkness. 

Harmon, Rev. G. W., was bom in Davidson 
Co., N. C, March 29, 1847; baptized bvRev. Wm. 
Turner in 1866 ; attended Abbott's Creek Academy 
and New Garden College ; was ordained in August, 
1871, Revs. Wm. Turner, W. M. Bostick, Enoch 
Crutchfield, J. H. Brook, and J. B. Richardson 
forming the Presbytery ; graduated at Southern 
Baptist Theological Seminary in May, 1874; settled 
as pastor at Wadesborough in January, 1875, where 
he still remains. 

Harper, Rev. Pleasant Howard, is a leading 

preacher and missionary in Washington Territory. 
Born in Claiborne Co., Tenn., Feb. 1, 1836 ; edu- 
cated in the public schools; baptized in 1860; 
licensed and ordained in 1871, he began his minis- 
try at once in the Territory as pastor at Elma two 
years ; labored two years as missionary of the 
Home Mission Society on the line of the Northern 
Pacific Railroad ; organized the Centerville church, 
and was its pastor two years; then labored with 
the White River church two years ; gave important 
help to the Brush Prairie church, and is now at 
Goldendale, where he is aided by the Baptist Con- 
vention of the North Pacific coast. He is a good 
scholar, a steadfast Christian worker, and has held 



HARRIS 



HARRIS 



important civil and military positions which were 
thrust upon him by the people. Throughout the 
Territory he is recognized as one of the most im- 
portant men in that new and growing field, where 
the harvest is great and the laborers are few. 

Harris, Rev. Austin, a teacher and preacher 
of prominence in North Louisiana, was born in 
Georgia in 1835; was ordained in 1858, and the 
next year removed to Louisiana. He founded a 
school at Arizona, in Chiiborne Parish, where he 
has successfully taught, and preached to surround- 
ing churches. 

Harris, Eev. Benjamin N ., was born in Brook- 
line, Mass., in 1783. For twelve years he was a 
Methodist minister. He changed his views on the 
subject of baptism, and connected himself with a 
Baptist church in Wrentham, Mass. His service 
for Christ in the ministry of the gospel extended 
over a period of fifty years. He preached in all 
the New England States, in New York, and Can- 
ada, and came at last to be known everywhere as 
"Father"' Harris, and was greatly beloved and es- 
teemed. He died in Bolton, Mass., March 3, 1859. 

Harris, Rev. David, was born in Cornwallis, 
Nova Scotia, in 1785 ; converted at Bridgetown, 
Nova Scotia, in 1806, and subsequently baptized ; 
ordained July 23, 1814, pastor of the Baptist church, 
Sackville, New Brunswick. His pastoral and mis- 
sionary labors were very successful in the Maritime 
Provinces, especially in Nova Scotia. Died April 
15, 1853. 

Harris, Rev. E. L., was bom in Ira, Cayuga 
Co., N. Y., Jan. 12, 1816. In 1833 he united with 
the Baptist church at Cato. In 1839 he entered 
Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution, 
from which he graduated in 1843. He was or- 
dained August 31 of the same year by the church 
in Pike, Wyoming Co., N. Y., which he served two 
and a half years, tlie church atRushford, Allegany 
Co., five years, and in the fall of 1850 he came to 
Wisconsin and settled with the Baptist church in 
Beloit as pastor. Here his ministry was blessed 
with an extensive revival. He subsequently served 
as pastor the Baptist church in Walworth three 
years, the Baptist church in Darien ten years (this 
church he gathered and organized, and built their 
meeting-house), the Baptist church in Sugar Creek 
two years, the Baptist church in East Delavan one 
year, the Baptist church in Greenwood, III., nearly 
one year. He was called a second time by the 
Baptist church in Walworth, serving eighteen 
months. 

During the war he spent some months as chap- 
lain in the army. 

Mr. Harris has frequently been moderator of the 
well-known Walworth Baptist Association, and he 
was for one year president of the Wisconsin Bap- 
tist State Convention. 



His ministerial labors have often been inter- 
rupted by ill health. He resides near Delavan, 
Wis., which has been his family home for many 
years. He has been a faithful and devoted minister 
of the gospel. 

Harris, Rev. George W., was born in Nassau, 
Rensselaer Co., N. Y., Jan. 8, 1813, the son of 
Rev. John Harris. He studied at Hamilton, com- 
pleting the collegiate course in 1840 and the theo- 
logical course in 1842. He was ordained in Pitts- 
field, Mass., in January, 1843, and the next year 
became pastor in Jackson, Mich. In 1848 he be- 
came editor of the Michigan Christian H&-ald, and 
served in that ofiice fifteen years. Since 1863 he 
has resided in Battle Creek, writing for various 
periodicals, and preaching as opportunity has of- 
fered. He is a ready and perspicuous writer. 

Harris, Henry Herbert, D.L., was born in 
Louisa Co., Va.. Dec. 17, 1837. Trained by parents 




HENRY HERBERT HARRIS, D.D. 

of piety and intelligence, in consequence of early 
afflictions his mind frequently turned to Jesus, and 
in November, 1852, at the age of fifteen, he was 
baptized, and united with the Lower Gold Mine 
church, Va. He entered at once on active work in 
the Sunday-school and prayer-meetings, and in 
1857 was licensed to preach. His preparation for 
his college course had been so advanced and thor- 
ough, that in October, 1854, he entered the Junior 
class of Richmond College, graduating with the de- 
gree of A.B. in July, 1856. In 1857 he entered the 
University of Virginia with his younger brother. 
Prof. J. M. Harris, now of Furman University, 



HARRIS 



499 



HARRIS 



S. C. At the termination of three years he re- 
ceived the degree of A.M., having studied Hebrew 
and applied mathematics in addition to the regular 
course. He was at this time invited to the chair 
of Greek in Richmond College, but having a strong 
predilection for scientific studies, he accepted a 
proffered position in the Albemarle Female Insti- 
tute. At the close of the first session, July, 1861, 
though exempt from military duty and frail in 
health, he volunteered as a pi-ivate soldier, and 
made the campaign of that summer and fall in 
the Kanawha Valley as an infantry rifleman, en- 
gaged in scouts and skirmishes. In December his 
company was disbanded, and, thinking the war al- 
ready over, he entered, in January, 1862, the South- 
ern Baptist Theological Seminary at Greenville, 
S. C. After one month's stay at the seminary he 
learned that his old regiment was in peril at Roan- 
oke Island, N. C. ; left at once to join them, and 
was prevented from doing so by their capture. He 
went to Virginia ; joined a battery of field artil- 
lery, afterwards attached to the corps of Gen. 
Stonewall Jackson, and took part in most of the 
great battles fought under that leader, including 
his last at Chancellorsville. In June, 1863, he was 
honored with an unsought commission as first lieu- 
tenant in a regiment of engineer troops, about to 
be organized for the army of Northern Virginia, in 
which capacity he was engaged in the manifold 
duties of reconnoitring, selecting routes of march 
and lines of battle, bridging streams, running coun- 
termines, and, upon occasion, taking active part 
in engagements up to the time of Gen. Lee's sur- 
render at Appomattox Court-House, in April, 1865. 
In the following October he resumed his former po- 
sition as instructor in the Albemarle Female Insti- 
tute ; and, on the reorganization of Richmond Col- 
lege, in July, 1866, he was again invited to the 
chair of Greek, which he accepted, and has con- 
tinued to fill up to this time, with the exception of 
an interruption of six months in 1878, spent in a 
visit to Palestine and Greece. 

Prof. Harris began his ministry in 1859 by preach- 
ing to a congregation of colored persons. In 1860- 
61 he filled an appointment once a month at an old 
free church near Charlottesville. In 1864 the col- 
onel of an infantry regiment applied to the War 
Department for his appointment as chaplain, but 
the application was refused, on the ground " that 
so good an officer could not be spared, and that he 
was already doing much of a chaplain's work in 
his own command." From 1868 to 1870, Prof. 
Harris preached regularly at a small house in the 
suburbs of Richmond, where he had gathered a 
Sunday-school and congregation. When a church 
was organized at this place, he was ordained, July 
4, 1869, and became the pastor. In less than a 
year, in consequence of ill health, he was com- 



pelled to resign, and since that time he has been 
able to preach but seldom. In the field of litera- 
ture. Prof. Harris is known by several admirable 
reports and addresses before educational meetings 
in his own State, at Marion, Ala., at Philadelphia, 
and also by contributions to periodicals, chiefly to 
the Religious Herald, Richmond, Va. From 1873 
to 1876 he was the editor of the Educational Jour- 
nal of Virginia, and in 1877 of the Foreign Mission 
Journal, the organ of the boards of the Southern 
Baptist Convention. Upon the organization of the 
Virginia Baptist Historical Society, in June, 1876, 
he was elected its secretary and treasurer, which 
offices he still holds. In addition to his other 
duties. Prof. Harris is now the junior editor of the 
Richmond Religious Herald. 

Harris, Judge Ira, was born May 31, 1802, at 
Charleston, Montgomery Co., N. Y.. and died in 
Albany, N. Y., Dec. 2, 1875. In 1808 his parents 




JUDGE IR.\ HARRIS. 

moved into Cortland County and settled on a farm. 
In 1815 he entered the academy in Homer, where 
he was prepared to enter college. In 1822 he 
joined the Junior class in Union College, and grad- 
uated with the highest honors in 1824. He com- 
menced the study of law under Augustus Donnelly, 
Esq., of Homer, and subsequently entered the office 
of Chief-Justice Ambrose Spencer, at Albany, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1827. He soon rose to 
prominence in his profession. In 1844 and 1845 
he represented Albany County in the Assembly, 
and in 1846 he was chosen to a seat in the State 
convention to revise the constitution. 



HARRIS 



HARRISON 



In the autumn of the same year he was elected 
to the State senate, and in 1847 he was chosen to 
a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of the 
State. At the expiration of four years he was re- 
elected for the entire term of eight years. 

On leaving the bench, Judge Harris spent a year 
in foreign travel, and in 1861 was elected by the 
New York Legislature to the Senate of the United 
States to succeed William H. Seward, who had 
been called to Mr. Lincoln's cabinet. As a lawyer, 
a legislator, a judge, a statesman, Ira Harris was 
above reproach. In the dark days of the war he 
stood firmly by the government. 

After the expiration of his term he was again 
elected to the State constitutional convention of 
New York, when he delivered the celebrated speech 
on the "Government of Cities." 

He was an ardent promoter of higher education. 
He was president of the board of trustees of Union 
College, president of Albany Medical College, and 
of the board of trustees of Vassar College; also 
one of the founders of Rochester University. He 
also filled the chair of Equity, Jurisprudence, and 
Practice in the Albany Law School. 

Judge Harris was a devoted Christian, an officer 
of the Emmanuel Baptist church, Albany, and for 
years was president of the American Baptist Mis- 
sionary Union. He traced his ancestors back to 
the colonists in Rhode Island led by Roger Wil- 
liams, whose principles of religious liberty he 
seemed to inherit. His lecture on the life and 
character of the great founder of the Baptist de- 
nomination in America will long be remembered 
by the people of Albany. 

Harris, Rev. John, was born in Rensselaer Co., 
N. Y., Sept. 19, 1790, and died in Battle Creek, 
Mich., Oct. 11, 1864. In the summer and fall of 
1812 he served in the army of the United States. 
In 1815 he was baptized by Rev. Enoch Ferris, 
whom he succeeded as pastor at Nassau, N. Y., the 
next year. For ten years he was pastor here, and 
for ten years following at South Ballston. He then 
settled in Battle Creek, where he spent the remain- 
der of his life preaching to various churches in that 
vicinity during twenty-eight years of hard labor 
and privation. He was recognized as a represen- 
tative Baptist clergyman of Michigan, and an earn- 
est advocate of all beneficent and wholesome re- 
forms. 

Harris, Prof. J. M., is one of Virginia's many 
valuable gifts to South Carolina. Although the 
soil of the two States does not touch, " they have 
always," as Dr. Jeter once said in the South Caro- 
lina State Convention, " sympathized and generally 
gone hand in hand, and this is especially true of 
the Baptists of the two States." 

Prof. Harris is now a little over forty years of 
age. His parents were pious, and tried to bring up 



their children in the ways of the Lord, and their 
son's conversion in his thirteenth year was the fruit 
of their training. 

He entered tlie University of Virginia Oct. 1, 
1859, and received the degree of A.B. in July, 1860, 
and of A.M. July 1, 1861. He served in the artil- 
lery during the war. In February, 1869, he be- 
came Professor of Natural Sciences in Furman 
University, and is still doing excellent service in 
that position. 

Harris, Rev. Tyre, was born in Boone Co., Mo., 
Aug. 9, 1824. He made a profession of religion 
when seventeen years of age, and joined the Beth- 
lehem Baptist church. He was baptized by the 
beloved Fielding Willhite, pastor of the church. 
He commenced preaching when nineteen years of 
age. He was a young man of brilliant talents and 
deep piety, and he was eminently successful in 
winning souls to Christ. 

He was a warm advocate of missionary and be- 
nevolent efforts. He was pastor at Fayette, Mount 
Pleasant, Booneville, Big Lick, and Mount Nebo. 
He was president for one year of Stephens College, 
Columbia, and he was also pastor of the church in 
that place. 

He afterwards took the care of the Baptist church 
in Lexington, Mo., and died a few months after, in 
September, 1854. 

He was highly esteemed by all. Happy in his 
associations with the people, earnest and eloquent 
in his preaching, he was a great blessing during 
his ministry. It was thought that his zeal and 
labors shortened his life. 

Harrison, Rev. Edmund, Professor of the Latin 
Language and Literature in Richmond College, Va., 
was born at " The Oaks," Amelia Co., Va., Feb. 
17, 1837. He prepared for college in the Amelia 
Academy, an institution established and conducted 
by his father, Wm. H. Harrison. During the year 
1854 he was engaged in studying law, and after- 
wards attended lectures at the law-school of the 
University of Virginia. During 1855 he was en- 
gaged in teaching school in Cumberland Co., Va., 
after which he returned to the university, took the 
literary course, and graduated in most of the schools. 
After graduation, Mr. Harrison was engaged in 
teaching in the Southern Female Institute at Rich- 
mond, where his scholarship was held in high es- 
teem. The war breaking out about this time, he 
entered the Confederate ai-my, joining the " Pow- 
hatan Troop" as a private soldier, and continuing 
in active service until failing health sent him to 
stationary duty in the Nitre and Mining Bureau. 
In 1804 he received the appointment of assistant in 
the Nitre and Mining Corps, with the rank of cap- 
tain of cavalry, and was promoted, in 1865, to the 
rank of major, in consequence of a valuable report 
prepared and presented by him to Gen. St. John. 



HARRISON 



501 



HARRISON 



He was with the army undei- Gen. Johnston when 
it surrendered at Greensborough, N. C. During 
1865 he was engaged in teaching in the Richmond 
Female Institute, and in 1866 was elected Professor 
of Latin in Richmond College, a position which he 
still holds, with honor to himself and advantage to 
the institution. Prof. Harrison was converted at 
tlie age of sixteen, and united with the Mount 
Tabor Baptist church, Amelia County. For some 
years he was actively engaged in Christian labors, 
and, feeling it to be his duty to consecrate himself 
to the ministry, he, in 1874, received ordination, 
and is now engaged in preaching regularly to two 
country churches. Prof. Harrison writes occasion- 
ally for different periodicals, secular and religious. 

Harrison, Gen. James E., was born in South 

Carolina ; early joined the Baptist Church ; was 
prominent in Baptist affairs in Mississippi many 
years ; served in the State senate of Mississippi ; 
was attached to the Confederate army during the 




GEN. JAMES E. HARRISON. 

whole civil war, attaining the rank of major-gen- 
eral. In civil life he was occupied from boyhood 
to old age as a farmer. He was an earnest worker 
in all the missionary and educational enterprises 
of Texas, and was first president of the General 
Association. He died at Waco, about the sixty- 
fifth year of his age, in 1874 or 1875. 

Harrison, Richard, M.D., was born in South 
Carolina : educated in Mississippi ; received the 
degree of M.D., and successfully practised medicine 
in Mississippi and Texas. At an early age he 
professed religion, and joined the Baptist Church ; 



zealously labored for benevolent enterprises, and 
served the Mississippi Baptist State Convention as 
its president. He represented Monroe Co., Miss., 
in the State senate. After moving to Texas he 
took an active part in Baptist afiairs. He possessed 
high natural gifts as an orator. He was a younger 
brother of Gen. James E. Harrison, and twin- 
brother of Col. Isham Harrison, who fell at the 
head of his regiment during the civil war, in Mis- 
sissippi. Dr. Harrison was married three times. 
His last wife was a daughter of Rev. Wra. C. 
Beech. Died at Waco, Texas, in 1877. 

Harrison, Rev. T., was born in Sussex Co., 
Va., Dec. 9, 1839 ; graduated at Columbian College, 
Washington, D. C, in 1859 ; taught in Georgia two 
years ; served through the late war in the cavalry ; 
taught from 1865 to 1873 in Virginia and North 
Carolina; was ordained in Edenton, N. C, in 1872, 
and has been pastor at Hartford, Apex, Carthage, 
and Greensborough. Is now agent of Foreign 
Mission Board for North Cai-olina. 

Harrison, Gen. Thomas, was born near Nant- 
wich, Cheshire, England. His father, like the 
fathers of Henry Kirke White and Cardinal Wolsey, 
was a butcher, a circumstance that led such an ex- 
cellent lady as Mrs. Lucy Hutchinson to say that 
" he was a mean man's son." He had a respect- 
able education, and in early life he was a solicitor's 
clerk. His employer was on the side of Charles I. ; 
but Harrison, from the beginning of the trouble, 
was with the friends of liberty. When the war 
commenced he became a cornet in the Parliamen- 
tary army. " He advanced," says Clarendon, " by 
diligence and sobriety to the grade of captain 
without any signal notice being taken of him, till 
the army was remodeled, when Cromwell, who 
possibly had knowledge of him before, found him 
of a spirit and disposition fit for his service, much 
given to prayer and to preaching, and otherwise of 
an imder standing capable of being trusted in any 
business ; and then he was preferred very fast, so 
that by the time the king was brought to the army 
he was a colonel of horse, and looked upon as in- 
ferior to few after Cromwell and Ireton in the 
councils of the of&cers and in the government of 
the agitators ; and there were few men with whom 
Cromwell more communicated, or upon whom he 
more depended for the conduct of anything com- 
mitted to him."* Lord Clarendon was no friend of 
Gen. Harrison, and his testimony to his ability and 
prominence may be taken at its full worth. Har- 
rison was speedily known all over the United 
Kingdom as a soldier of skill and daring, and he ' 
was raised to the rank of major-general, and for 
a considerable period was justly regarded as second 
only to Oliver Cromwell. When Charles I. was to 



' Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, iii. 247. Oxford, 1706. 



HARRISON 



502 



HARRISON 



be tried for treason against his subjects, Harrison 
was deemed the safest man to bring him from 
Hurst Castle to "Windsor and London ; for he was 
regarded as proof against bribery or fears for the 
future. The soldiers relied upon him for his well- 
known piety : he prayed in their meetings for re- 
ligious worship, and sometimes delivered gospel 
addresses burning with holy fervor ; and his life 
was without a guilty stain. And then he was a 
decided republican ; so that the hero of Naseby, 
as long as he fought against tyranny, could trust 
Harrison, in whom, after himself, the army con- 
fided. " Harrison," says Hume, " was raised to 
the highest dignity, and was possessed of Crom- 
well's confidence."* By the favor of Cromwell, 
and of the Parliament, of which he was a very in- 
fluential member, he had acquired an estate worth 
$10,000 a year, in addition to his professional in- 
come ; and he lived in a style corresponding with 
his ample means. He was selected as one of the 
judges to try the king, and his name stands boldly 
at his death-warrant. He reluctantly consented to 
aid Cromwell in dispersing the Long Parliament. 
When the fatal day arrived, Cromwell, during the 
session, told him " that the Parliament was ripe for 
a dissolution," and the general tried to persuade 
him to give the subject further consideration ; and 
when some time after, Cromwell declared the mem- 
bers " no Parliament," and called in soldiers to re- 
move them. Gen. Harrison intimated to the speaker 
that he should leave the chair ; he refused to vacate 
his position without force ; " I will lend you my 
hand," says Hai-rison. Then, according to Gen. 
Ludlow, of the Parliamentary army, " putting his 
hand within his, the speaker came down."t This 
was the greatest mistake of Gen. Harrison's life, 
but Cromwell was a dear friend ; and from no other 
man could he obtain such necessary assistance to 
shield him from the anger of his countrymen, who 
reverenced the very name of a Parliament, and ab- 
horred a military despotism. His fervent piety, his 
warm regard for Cromwell, and his intimacy with 
him are strikingly expressed in the following letter, 
written him as he assumed the command of the 
army which, on Sept. 3, 1650, vanquished the 
Scotch at Dunbar: 

" To spare you trouble, I forbear to give you my 
excuse for not waiting on you to Ware. / know 
you love me, therefore are not apt to except, though 
in this particular I had not failed, but that orders 
from the Council superseded me. Considering 
under how many and great burdens you labor, I 
am afraid to say any more, that I may not add to 
them, but love and duty make me presume. The 
business yon go upon is weighty as ever yet you 
undertook. The issue plainly and deeply concerns 

* Hume, Smollett, and Fnrr. i. 730. London, 
t Memoirs of Ludlow, ii. 457. Vevay, 1699. 



the life or death of the Lord's people, His own 
name, and his Son's. Nevertheless may you re- 
joice in God, whose affair it is, who, having here- 
tofore given you numberless signal testimonies to 
other parts of the work, will in mercy prosper this, 
that he may perfect what he hath begun ; and to 
omit other arguments, that in Deut. xxxii. 27, hath 
much force on my heart, especially the last words, 
' And the Lord hath not done all this.'' 

" I believe, if the present enemy should prevail, 
he would as certainly reproach God, and all that 
hitherto has been done aforesaid, even as I now 
write ; but the jealousy of the Lord of hosts, for his 
great name, will not admit it. My Lord, be care- 
ful for nothing, but pray with thanksgiving, to 
wit, in faith. Phil. iv. 6, 7. I doubt not your suc- 
cess ; but I think faith and prayer must be the 
chief engines; as heretofore, the ancient worthies, 
through faith, subdued kingdoms, out of weakness 
were made strong, waxed valiant in fight, and 
turned to flight the armies of the aliens. Oh that 
a spirit of supplication may be poured forth on you 
and your army ! There is more to be had in this 
poor simple way than even most saints expect. 
My Lord, let waiting upon Jehovah be the great- 
est and most considerable business you have every 
day ; reckon it so, more than to eat, sleep, or coun- 
sel together. Run aside sometimes from your com- 
pany and get a word with the Lord. Why should 
you not have three or four precious souls always 
standing at your elbow, with whom you might now 
and then turn into a corner? I have found refresh- 
ment and mercy in such a way. Ah ! the Lord of 
compassion own, pity your burdens, care for you, 
stand by and refresh your heart each moment. I 
would I could in any kind do you good. My heart 
is with you, and very poor prayers to my God for 
you. The Almighty Father carry you in his very 
bosom, and deliver you, if it be his will, from 
touching a very hair of any for whom Jesus hath 
bled. I expect a gracious return in this par- 
ticular. 

'• But I am sorry to be thus tedious. Pardon 
me. . . . The Father of mercies visit and keep your 
soul close to him continually, protect, preserve, and 
prosper you, is the prayer of, my Lord, 

" Your excellency's loving servant, whilst I 
breathe, T. Hakrison. 

"Whitehall, 3d July, 1650. 

" For his excellency the Lord-General Cromwell, 
humbly present these. "t 

That Gen. Harrison was in the closest relations 
with Cromwell and with Cromwell's Saviour is 
clear from every line of this letter. He was the 
right-hand man of England's great uncrowned 



X Confessions of Faith, etc., pp. 315-17. Hansard Knollys So- 
ciety, London. 



HARRISON 



503 



HARRISON 



ruler, loving him tenderly, and beloved by him in 
return, until he proclaimed himself Protector, or, 
as Gen. Harrison viewed it. Despot. From that 
moment, as Hume states, Harrison and the other 
Baptists deserted him. Rapin says, " The Ana- 
baptists* were all of the republican party," and, 
having fought to dethrone a king, they had no in- 
tention of waging war to support the government 
of one man under any other name. Cromwell, 
afraid of the military talents and great popularity 
of Gen. Harrison, cast him into prison, until the 
masses of his country acquiesced in his dictator- 
ship, when his former trusted friend was set at 
liberty. 

The general and his wife were baptizedf in the 
winter of 1657, though they held Baptist principles 
for years before their immersion. At the time of 
their baptism the cold was intense and the ice very 
thick. 

The Protector's displeasure removed from the 
general the pretended friends who sought the pa- 
tronage of Cromwell through him, but he still 
enjoyed the love of the hosts Avho appreciated pa- 
triotic worth, Christian character, and military 
genius. 

When the English people for a season became 
demented, like the French in their great revolu- 
tion, and showed their aberration of intellect by 
giving their throne to Charles II., the basest and 
the most immoral of men, Gen. Harrison was 
quickly sent to the Tower of London, and in due 
time he was brought before unprincipled judges 
for trial as a regicide. The court sat in the Old 
Bailey in London, and when he was required to 
answer, as Gen. Ludlow states, " He not only plead 
Not Gidlty^X hut he justified the sentence passed 
upon the king, and the authority of those who 
commissioned him to act as one of his judges. He 
plainly told them, when witnesses were produced 
against him, that he came not thither to deny any- 
thing he had done, but rather to bring it to light ; 
he owned his name subscribed to the warrant for 
the execution of the king, as written by himself; 
he charged divers of his judges with having for- 
merly been as active for the cause in which he had 
engaged as he or any other person had been ; he 
affirmed that he had not acted by any other motive 
than the principles of conscience and justice, in 
proof of which he said it was well known that he 
had chosen to be separated from his family, and to 
suffer a long imprisonment, rather than to comply 
with those who had abused the power they had as- 
sumed (Cromwell) to the oppression of the people. 
He insisted that having done nothing, otherwise 
than by the authority of Parliament, he was not 

* Kapin's History of England, ii. 603. London, 1733. 
t Evans's Early English Baptists, ii. 254. London, 1864. 
X Memoirs of Ludlow, iii. 61-64. 



justly accountable either to this or any other infe- 
rior court, which, being a point of law, he desired 
counsel assigned upon that head ; but the court over- 
ruled (the question) ; and by interrupting him fre- 
quently, and not permitting him to go on in his de- 
fense, clearly manifested a resolution to gratify the 
resentments of the court (the king) on any terms. 
So that a hasty verdict was brought in against 
him ; and the question being asked, if he had any- 
thing to say why judgment should,not pass, he only 
answered that, since the court had refused to hear 
what was fit for him to speak in his defense, he had 
no more to say. Upon which Bridgman pronounced 
the sentence I must not omit (to ^tate) that the 
executioner, in an ugly dress, with a halter in his 
hand, was placed near the general, and continued 
there during the whole time of his trial, but 
having learned to contemn such baseness, after 
the sentence had been pronounced against him, he 
said aloud, as he was withdrawing from the court, 
that he had no reason to he ashamed of the cause in 
which he was engaged.''' 

On Nov. 13, 1660, Harrison was executed at the 
place where Charing Cross formerly stood, that the 
king might have the pleasure of the spectacle, and 
inure himself to blood. "g In the "Trials of the 
Regicides"|| the sickening scene is thus described: 
" He was drawn on a hurdle from Newgate to 
Charing Cross. Within certain rails lately there 
made a gibbet was erected, and he was hanged with 
his face looking toward the banqueting-house at 
Whitehall (the palace). Being half dead, he was 
cut down by the common executioner ; his bowels 
were burned, his head severed from his body, and 
his body divided into quarters. His head was 
placed upon a pole on the top of Westminster 
Hall, and the quarters were exposed on some of 
the city gates." Ludlow declares that "he was 
cut down alive,\ and saw his bowels thrown into 
the fire." It was intended that he should be alive 
and conscious of his pain when. the human butcher 
of his most gracious majesty should thrust his 
knife into his body. Samuel Pepys, " Clerk of 
the Acts of the Navy" in 1660, writes:** "I went 
out to Charing Cross to see Maj.-Gen. Harrison 
hanged, drawn, and quartered ; which was done 
there ; he looking as cheerful as any man could do 
in that condition. He v.-as pi-esently cut down, and 
his head and heart shown to the people." 

From Ludlowft we learn that when Chief-Jus- 
tice Coke was executed, he was drawn to the scene 
of death on a sled, upon the front of which was the 
head of Gen. Hai-rison, with the face uncovered and. 



§ Idem, iii. 69. 
II Trials of the Regicides, p. 
1[ Memoirs of Ludlow, iii. f 
** Pepys's Diary, i. 146. 
tt Ludlow's Memoirs, iii. 71 



HABBISS 



504 



HART 



directed towards him, the object being to fill him 
■with terror ; but there was an expression in the 
face of the brave warrior that filled the chief jus- 
tice with heroism, and frustrated the designs of his 
cruel murderers. 

Harrison was fully informed of the purpose to 
arrest and execute him ; but he refused to fly from 
the deadly danger, " regax-ding* such an action as 
a desertion of the cause in which he had engaged." 
Gen. Ludlow, who knew Harrison better than most 
men of his day, commenting on this remarkable 
fidelity to principle, says, '' I shall not take upon 
me to censure the major-general, not knowing 
what extraordinary impulse a man of his virtue, 
piety, and courage may have had upon his mind 
in that conjuncture. Sure I am, he was every 
way so qualified for the part he had in the follow- 
ing sufferings, that even his enemies were aston- 
ished and confounded." 

As we think of the manly defense made by the 
general, with the executioner and his halter at hand 
all the time, and of his last words, which he uttered 
aloud as he left his judges, condemned to a fright- 
ful death by their wicked decree, " that he had no 
reason to be ashamed of the cause in which he was 
engaged" and of his choice of martyrdom instead 
of flight, we are filled with admiration for the faith 
and the courage of the praying and preaching gen- 
eral. And then when we think of him, in full 
view of Charles II., and, no doubt, of several of 
his fair and frail companions, butchered and 
dressed, a victim of royal vengeance, full of the 
most triumphant endurance that ever made the 
death of a martyr glorious, we bless God for his 
invincible grace, and we praise him for our Bap- 
tist ancestry. 

The enemies of Gen. Harrison were ready to 
confess his exti-eme conscientiousness, his fearless 
daring, and his fervent piety, and his memory 
should be cherished as a sacred legacy by his Bap- 
tist brethren while the world lasts. 

Harriss, Col. Samuel, was among the most ef- 
fective preachers that ever proclaimed the glad 
tidings in this country. He was born Jan. 12, 
1724, in Hanover Co., Va. He was at one time 
church- warden, sheriff, justice of the peace, colonel 
of the militia, and captain of the Mayo Fort. His 
position was respectable, and his genial disposition 
made him exceedingly popular. His education had 
been liberal. He first became anxious about his 
soul in his thirty-fourth year. On one of his jour- 
neys to visit the fort officially he called at a small 
house, where he learned there was to be Baptist 
preaching ; the ministers were Joseph and "William 
Murphy. He seated himself behind a loom to hide 
his uniform. The eye of God, however, was upon 



■ Ludlow's Memoirs, iii. 12. 



him, and his heart was very deeply ufi'ected ; but 
some time afterwards the Lord revealed his love to 
him in such fullness that, in an ecstasy of joy, he 
exclaimed, " Glory ! glory ! glory !" He was bap- 
tized by Rev. Daniel Marshall in 1758, it is be- 
lieved. He forthwith, like converted Paul, began 
to preach Jesus. At first his labors were restricted 
to some neighboring counties of Virginia and North 
Carolina ; but in process of time he preached 
throughout all Virginia and many parts of North 
Carolina. He was not ordained for years after he 
had been preach'ing. This event occurred in 1769 ; 
then he administered the ordinances. The first 
candidate he baptized was James Ireland, a much 
persecuted and very useful Baptist minister in Vir- 
ginia. Mr. Harriss was the best-known man in his 
native colony, and it is doubtful if Patrick Henry 
could control a vast assemblage by a power supe- 
rior to that of Samuel Harriss. His ministry was 
attended by conversions in very large numbers ; 
churches sprang up on the line of his missionary 
travels; he was truly the apostle of Virginia. Not 
a few of his spiritual children became preachers 
after the order of Mr. Harris, and the aristocratic 
Episcopalian colony was agitated from one end to 
the other by these Baptist innovators. 

Mr. Harriss feared nothing ; legal prosecutions 
and private persecutions had no efi"ect upon him. 
He was the owner of a respectable estate, and when 
he was converted he devoted the greater part of it 
to religious objects. He had been erecting a new 
and capacious residence before the Saviour called 
him, and when it was "covered in" he made it a 
meeting-house, and lived in his former confined 
abode. During the Revolutionary war, when salt 
was scarce, he kept two wagons running to Peters- 
burg to bring it up for his neighbors. 

When the Baptists in Virginia mistakenly sup- 
posed, in 1774, that the apostolic office still ex- 
isted, Mr. Harriss was elected an apostle, but he 
held this honor for only a few months. At all 
meetings of delegates of the churches he was the 
presiding officer. Vft-ginia Baptists loved to honor 
liim, and, under God, he was chiefly instrumental 
in opening the prison-doors of the Old Dominion 
for the persecuted, and in sweeping away the foul 
ties uniting church and state. 

He made a great mistake in the earlier part of 
his Christian life in denouncing the acceptance by 
ministers of any compensation for preaching the 
Word. This unscriptural and unjust doctrine 
nearly ruined some of God's faithful shepherds 
and their families ; but Col. Harriss was led to see 
his error and renounce it. Take him "all to- 
gether," he was a glorious man of God, a Virginia 
Whitefield, for which we gratefully bless our divine 
Redeemer. He died in the year 1795. 

Hart, Rev. Jesse M., pastor at El Dorado, Ark., 



HART 



and president of the Arkansas Baptist Convention, 
was boi-n in Alabama in 1838 ; began to preach in 
Louisiana in 1860, near the Arkansas line ; has 
preached to a number of churches in both States, 
beside fillino; the important pastorates of Camden 
and El Dorado, Ark. By application Mr. Hart has 
made himself an effective minister. 

Hart, Jolin, a signer of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, was the son of Edward Hart, of Hope- 
well, a man of considerable importance, who raised 
a company of volunteers in the French war, and 
fought bravely in the campaign against Quebec. 

John was born early in the last century at Hope- 
well, N. J., grew up in high esteem among his 
neighbors, and became eminent for his honesty, 
kindness, modesty, and benevolence. He had no 
taste for political life, made few speeches, but was 



driven away by the Hessians. Though the old 
man was a fugitive, pursued with unusual malice, 
sleeping in caves and in thickets, not permitted to 
visit his dying wife, his spirit was not broken, nor 
did he despair of the cause. After the battle of 
Princeton he came from his hiding-place, and con- 
vened the Legislature at Trenton. He died May 
11, 1779, worn out by his labors and privations. 

In 1865 a fine monumental shaft of Quincy 
granite was erected by the State of New Jersey 
near the old Baptist meeting-house in Hopewell to 
honor his memory. It was dedicated July 4, 1865, 
with imposing ceremonies, among which was an 
eloquent oration by Joel Parker, governor of the 
State, upon the life and services of John Hart. 
This monument prominently exhibits the words, 
"HoxoR THE Patriot's Grave."' 






THIS Bill of THREE SHILLIN G^PrtSclamation, 
^ is emittecLliy a X A^V" of.tte Colony of Xeiv-Jerfey, 

i)$-rvr P'lffeclinflie PourteentK Year of tlie Reign of his Majelby 
iQ>^<.i Kin- CE OK GE fhe Tliird. DatedTVlAsca 25, 177^. 

I ,l>;S:,,'. Cfem SHILLINGS, 




SPECIMEX OF NEW JERSEY MONEY IX 177( 

ready with brave sacrificing deeds. Such a man 
could not remain in the background during the 
period preceding the birth of his country's nation- 
ality. He was identified with the cause of the 
patriots from the beginning. When he entered the 
Continental Congress of 1774 he was about sixty 
years of age. He resigned the next year, and be- 
came vice-president of the Provincial Congress of 
New Jersey. He was again elected to Congress in 
1775, and he was re-appointed to the same body by 
the convention of New Jersey in 1776, and took 
his place among the signers of the Declaration of 
Independence. In the same year he was chosen 
Speaker of the Assembly, and re-elected in 1777 
and 1778. He was also an important member of 
the Committee of Safety, and particularly obnoxious 
to the British and Tories. When, in 1776, the 
Legislature fled from Princeton to Burlington, to 
Pittstown,in Salem Co., and to Haddonfield, where 
it dissolved, Mr. Hart returned to find that his wife 
and children had fled to the mountains, that his 
crops were consumed, and that his stock had been 



BEARING THE SIGNATURE OF JOHN HART. 

The following is an extract from Gov. Parker's 
address : 

"As his public career was without blemish so 
was his private life pure and exemplary. He was 
a consistent member of the old Hopewell Baptist 
church, and gave to the congregation the land on 
which the meeting-house was erected, and in which 
his remains are now deposited. He was a true 
patriot. I am of opinion, after a careful exam- 
ination of the history of New Jersey during and 
immediately preceding the Revolutionary war, 
that John Hart had greater experience in the 
colonial and State legislation of that day than any 
of his cotemporaries, and that no man exercised 
greater influence in giving direction to the public 
opinion which culminated in independence." 

Hart, Rev. Oliver, A.M., was born in War- 
minster, Pa., July 6, 1723 ; made a public profes- 
sion of religion in the eighteenth year of his age ; 
was ordained at Southampton, Pa., Oct. 18, 1749. 
The same year he was called to the Baptist church 
in Charleston, S. C, where he continued thirty 



HARTLY 



506 



HARTWELL 



years. He was well acquainted with Whitefield 
and Tennent, and, as a patriot, traveled in South 
Carolina to enlighten the people in regard to their 
political interests. He was chiefly instrumental in 
establishing the Charleston Association. He be- 
came pastor at Hopewell, N. J., in 1780, and died 
there in triumph Dee. 31, 1795. Two funeral ser- 
mons were preached, one by Rev. Dr. Rogers, of 
Philadelphia, the other by Rev. Dr. Furman, of 
Charleston. The College of Rhode Island (now 
Brown University) constituted him M.A. at its 
first commencement. Among his publications are 
" Dancing Exploded," " A Discourse on the Death 
of Rev. Wm. Tennent, 1777," " The Christian 
Temple," " A Circular Letter on Christ's Media- 
torial Character," and " The Christian Remem- 
brancer." 

Hartly, Rev. Wm., is a native of England ; or- 
dained, in 1871, at Troy, Mich., where he began 
his work as a minister ; came to Wisconsin in 
1873, and became the pastor of the Baptist church 
in Hudson, where he has labored seven years with 
growing usefulness as a pastor. Mr. Hartly is a 
man of fine natural powers, and by thorough and 
most industrious devotion to study he is proving 
himself a " workman that needeth not to be 
ashamed." He is a close student of the Bible, and 
he is familiar with the best works on theology. 
His genial disposition and Christian spirit have 
obtained for him the respect and friendship of 
many besides his own church and beyond his own 
denomination. 

Hartman, Rev. Jno. H., pastor of the Fourth 
Avenue Baptist church, Pittsburgh, was born April 
17, 1841, in Canaan, Wayne Co., 0. Converted at 
the early age of nine, he soon after deemed it a 
personal obligation to devote his life to the work 
of the ministry. At the age of nineteen he entered 
upon his studies, and graduated at Vermillion Col- 
lege, 0., in 1867, and from Newton Theological Sem- 
inary in 1870 ; ordained Nov. 17, 1870, in Canton, 
Mass. ; baptized, while pastor in Canton, 71 per- 
sons ; became pastor of Salisbury and Amesbury 
church in Massachusetts, June, 1874, where he 
baptized 99 on profession of faith ; resigned June, 
1878, and traveled in England and on the Continent. 
His present pastorate commenced, after three 
months of supply service, Oct. 1, 1880. Previous 
to his acceptance of the doctrines distinguishing 
the Baptists he was connected with the " Church 
of God," of which body his father was a licensed 
preacher. 

Hartsfleld, Rev. Green W., a prominent min- 
ister of Grand Cane Baptist Association, La., who 
resides at Mansfield, was born in Georgia in 1833 ; 
came to Louisiana in 1849 ; educated at Mount 
Lebanon University ; ten years pastor at Mansfield ; 
has devoted much of his time to the colored popula- 



tion, preaching to them, holding ministers' institutes, 
and aiding in the organization of the Northwestern 
Louisiana (colored) Baptist Association, of which 
he is secretary. As president of Grand Cane Sun- 
day-School Convention he has promoted such in- 
terest in the work that every church in the Asso- 
ciation has its Sunday-school. He is at present 
laboring successfully as an evangelist in the employ 
of the State Convention. 

Hartt, Prof. Charles Frederick, son of Jarvis 
W. Hartt, was born at Fredericton, New Bruns- 
wick, Aug. 23, 1840; was baptized at Wolfville, 
Nova Scotia ; studied at Horton Academy, of which 
his father was principal ; graduated from Acadia 
College in June, 1860 ; studied geology extensively 
in the Maritime Provinces and the United States, 
and became Professor of Geology in Cornell Uni- 
versity, N. Y., and continued in this position until 
his death, March 18, 1878. He was leader and 
director of the Brazil Geological Survey, and fin- 
ished a brilliant career in that great scientific un- 
dertaking. 

Hartt, Jarvis W., was born in New Bruns- 
wick ; taught in the Baptist Seminary, Fredericton ; 
also in the high school at Wilmot, Nova Scotia, 
and was principal of the Horton Collegiate Acad- 
emy from 1851 to 1860, when he removed to St. 
John, New Brunswick, and conducted a young 
ladies' school for several years. Died in 1873. 

Hartwell, Jesse, D.D., was born in Massachu- 
setts in 1795 ; graduated at Brown University in 
1816 ; ordained in 1821 ; supplied Second church, 
Providence, one year. He then removed to South 
Carolina ; became pastor at High Hills and Sumter- 
ville, and a Professor in Furman Theological Insti- 
tute. In 1836 he went to Alabama ; was pastor at 
Carlowville, president of the Alabama Baptist Con- 
vention, Professor of Theology in Howard College, 
president of the Domestic Mission Board of the 
Southern Baptist Convention. In 1847 he removed 
to Arkansas, and/ounded Camden Female Institute. 
In 1857 he removed to Louisiana, and became presi- 
dent and Professor of Theology in Mount Lebanon 
University. He passed away Sept. 16, 1859. 

Hartwell, Jesse Boardman, D.D., son of 
Jesse Hartwell, D.D., and grandson of Rev. Jesse 
Hartwell, of Massachusetts, was born in Darling- 
ton, S. C, Oct. 17, 1835. His father was an ardent 
friend of missions, and gave him to that work from 
his birth. When Luther Rice returned from India 
he called upon the father. At the door he met his 
friend, saying, " Brother Rice, my missionary has 
come," and that day the babe was dedicated as a 
missionary to the heathen. He was baptized July 
14, 1850; studied at Howard College, Ala.; grad- 
uated at Furman University, S. C, in 1855 ; was 
Professor in Mount Lebanon University, La., until 
December, 1857. In 1858 he was appointed by the 



HART WELL 



507 



HASCALL 



Southern Baptist Foreign Mission Board a mission- 
ary to China, and sailed for his field in November, 
with his wife, Miss Eliza H. Jewett, of Macon, Ga., 
to whom he was married September 29. They la- 
bored two years at Shanghai ; then for many years 
at Tung Chau Foo, in the Shantung province of 
Northern China, where they opened the first mis- 
sion, organized a church, and Mr. Hartwell's first 
convert was ordained as a minister. Here they were 
alone for many years, until two Presbyterian fam- 
ilies came to labor on the same field. Mrs. Hartwell 
■died in -June, 1870. She was one of the best female 
missionaries ever sent to the foreign field ; she spoke 
the Chinese tongue fluently. On his return to the 
United States he married Miss Julia C. Jewett, his 
•deceased wife's sister, in 1872, returned to China, 
but was compelled by his wife's health to come 
back to the United States. After four years he 
•was appointed by the American Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society to mission work in California among 
the Chinese. His wife died Dec. 2, 1879, ten days 
after their arrival at San Francisco. Dr. Hartwell 
has a mission chapel in that city, and is an enthu- 
siastic teacher and preacher to the Chinese of Cali- 
fornia in their own language. 

Hartwell, John Bryant, was born in Alstead, 
N. H., Oct. 17, 1816. He became a member of the 
Freshman class in Brown University in September, 
1838. It was his purpose to pursue a course of study 
in order to fit himself to enter the Christian min- 
istry. Having changed his mind for reasons satis- 
factory to himself, he left college, and commenced 
business in Providence, and was a successful mer- 
chant, consecrating his talent and his property 
to the cause of his Master. He became a deacon 
in the Central Baptist church of Providence, and 
■was an honor to the office. For six years he was a 
member of the board of trustees of Brown Univer- 
sity. Death suddenly overtook him, and he passed 
away in the prime of a life of great usefulness, Dec. 
9, 1872. " It is the testimony of those who knew 
him most intimately," says President Robinson, 
■" that he was a man of deep religious convictions, 
gentle in spirit, persistent in purpose, active in 
life, and ready for death.'' 

Harvey, Rev. Adiel, was born at Ashfield, 
Mass., July 29, 1805, and was baptized when twelve 
jears of age. He graduated at Amherst College 
in the class of 1832. After teaching for a time, he 
«ntered Newton in 183-5, and took the three years' 
<jourse. On completing his studies at Newton, he 
settled over the church in Westborough, Mass., 
where he remained some eight years, and then 
went to Plymouth, Mass., where he was pastor for 
thirteen years. In the summer of 1858 he removed 
to Needham Plains, and took charge of a young 
ladies' school, and continued in his work until his 
death, which occurred June 23, 1864. 



Harvey, Hezekiah, D.D., was born in Hulven, 
County of Suffolk, England, Nov. 27, 1821 ; came 
to America in 1830, and was graduated by Madi- 
son University and Hamilton Theological Seminary 
in 1847. It was his intention to become a foreign 
missionary, but poor health did not allow his cher- 
ished desire to have accomplishment. In 1847 he 
became tutor of Languages in Madison University, 
and pastor in Homer, N. Y., in 1849 ; pastor of the 
First church in Hamilton in 1857, and Professor of 
Ecclesiastical History in Madison University in 
1858 ; Professor of Biblical Criticism and Inter- 
pretation and Pastoral Theology in 1861 ; pastor 
in Dayton, 0., in 1864, when failing health com- 
pelled his resignation ; re-elected to a professorship 
in 1869 in Madison University, where he still re- 
tains the chair of Pastoral Theology and New 
Testament Exegesis ; received the degree of D.D. 
from Colby University in 1861. 

Prof. Harvey has recently yielded to the desire 
of his students, and placed in the hands of the Bap- 
tist Publication Society his lectures on the Chris- 
tian ministry and Baptist polity, and the society 
has given them to the public in two neat volumes 
bearing the titles of " The Pastor" and " The 
Church." The works have been most favorably 
received, and commended as invaluable alike to the 
minister and the layman. 

Hascall, Rev. Daniel, A.M., was born in Ben- 
nington, Vt., Feb. 24, 1782, of Christian parents, 
originally from Connecticut. His father was a 
Baptist and his mother a Congregationalist. They 
were careful to give their children sound religious 
instruction, based upon their constant reading of 
Edward Hopkins and Bellamy, and paying partic- 
ular attention to the Westminster Catechism. In 
1785 his parents removed to Pawlet, Vt. Here the 
educational opportunities were very limited, being 
confined to school in the winter months, to a small 
public library, and to private instruction ; but of 
these Daniel Hascall took the largest advantage, 
and laid the foundations of his future great and 
abiding usefulness. After some very serious and 
protracted religious struggles he was converted in 
1799, and united with the Baptist church in Pawlet. 
At the age of eighteen he began teaching during 
the winter, and employed his evenings and free 
moments in hard study, so that in 1803 he entered 
the Sophomore class of Middlebury College, from 
which he was regularly graduated in 1806. During 
these years he defrayed his expenses by his own 
personal eff'ort. From 1806 to 1808 he taught 
in Pittsfield, Mass., and, so far as his duties would 
allow, used his time in reading theology. In 1808 
he became pastor of the Baptist church in Eliza- 
bethtown, Essex Co., N. T. In 1813 he settled as 
pastor of the First Baptist church, Hamilton, N. Y., 
a place at that time described as located in a "re- 



HASCALL 



508 



HASKELL 



gion new and unsettled." In addition to his duties 
as pastor he was engaged in teaching, and he also 
edited in part the Christian Magazine. Feeling 
very deeply the need of an educated ministry for 




RI\ I) VMFI II \b( \l I , \ M 

the Baptist denomination, he began to receive pious 
young men into his family about 1815, and through 
his efforts, in 1817, the Baptist Education Society 
of the State of New York was formed, which re- 
sulted in the establishment of the Hamilton Lit- 
erary and Theological Institution, now Madison 
University (see that article). Until 1828 he con- 
tinued as pastor and teacher, when he resigned the 
pastorate, giving himself more largely to the work 
of the institution and Education Society. In 1835 
his relations with the institution were terminated, 
but he now gave his attention to the interests of an 
academy at Florence, Oneida Co. ; removed in 1837 
to West Rutland, Vt., and interested himself in 
the Vermont Baptist Convention ; in 1848 became 
pastor at Lebanon, N. Y., and in 1849 resided in 
Hamilton amid scenes so dear to himself. At the 
time when the removal of the institution was de- 
bated, as one of the original founders, and being 
the only person who could properly stand forth as 
the legal representative of this location, — one of 
those who proposed to the citizens of Hamilton the 
raising of a certain sum of money for its location 
at Hamilton, — he plunged into the controversy, and 
at times alone, and at times reproached, he stood 
firm to his position, " It shall not be moved," and 
through his efforts a perpetual injunction against 
removal followed. His prophecy that he should 



live to see the institution saved and then die was 
fulfilled. He died June28,*1852. His published 
works were a sermon, " Cautions against False 
Philosophy,"— Col. ii. 8 (1817) ; " Definition of the 
Greek Baptizo" (pamphlet, 1818); "Elements of 
Theology for Family Reading," pp. 260, and a 
smaller work for Sunday-schools. Daniel Hascall 
was a great man, deeply pious, versatile in his 
genius, heroic in his positions, sometimes risking 
his property to aid the enterprise in which he was 
engaged ; industrious, and apparently possessing 
inexhaustible resources of physical strength and 
religious faith. To him more than to any other 
man does the denomination owe a debt of gratitude 
for the advance in the arts and sciences, and in 
Biblical scholarship of its ministry in the United 
States. (See Sprague's "Annals" and Dr. Eaton's 
" Historical Discourse in First Half-Century," 
Madison University.) 

Haskell, Samuel, D.D., was born in Bridgeton, 
Me., March 20, 1818. While he was a child the 
family removed to Rockford, 111., where he was 
baptized by Prof. S. S. Whitman, March 9, 1840. 
He fitted for college in Sufiield, Conn., graduated 
fi'om Brown University in 1845, and studied the- 
ology at Hamilton, finishing the course in 1847. 




SAMUEL HASKELI., D.D. 

He was ordained in Suffield, Aug. 4, 1847 ; was 
pastor of the First church in Detroit from 1847 to 
1852, of the First church in Kalamazoo from 1852 
to 1871, and in Ann Arbor from 1871 till now. 
Each of these churches grew in numbers and strength 
under his pastoral care. For thirty-three years he 



HASTINGS 



509 



HATCH FAt 



has been identified with every important enterprise 
conducted by the Baptists of the State. No man, 
living or dead, has had a larger share than he in 
the direction of our denominational vrork in Mich- 
igan. He vras secretary of the State Convention 
in 1854, and president in 1866. Madison Univer- 
sity conferred on him the degi-ee of Doctor of Di- 
vinity in 1867. 

Hastings, Eev. John, son of Rev. Joseph Has- 
tings, vras born in Suffield, Conn., in 1743 ; in early 
life he was worldly ; became a true Christian ; was 
settled as assistant pastor, with his father, by the 
First Baptist church of Suffield in 1775 ; became 
sole pastor after his father's death, in 1785, and 
so remained till his death ; traveled extensively 
through the country, and aided in gathering a num- 
ber of churches ; his own became the most efficient 
church in Connecticut for the time; he baptized 
first and last about 1100 persons ; a man of candor, 
kindness, strength, and fervor ; died in Suffield, 
March 17, 1811, at the age of sixty-eight. His 
wife was Rachel Remmington, of Suffield. 

Hastings, Rev. Joseph, of Suffield, Conn. ; at 
first a member of the standing order; seceded in 
the Great Awakening ; aided in forming a separate 
church in the west part of the town, of which he 
became pastor; immersed in 1752; in 1763 assisted 
in organizing the First Baptist church in Suffield, 
and became pastor ; was at this time sixty-six years 
of age ; remained pastor till 1775, when his son 
John was associated with him ; traveled and 
preached in various places around ; was a man of 
power; died in 1785, aged eighty-two years. 

Haswell, James M., D.D., was born in Ben- 
nington, Vt., Feb. 4, 1810, and graduated at the 
Hamilton Literai-y and Theological Institution, 
now Madison University, in 1835. The question 
-of his future service in the kingdom of his Lord 
having been settled by his decision to become a 
missionary to the heathen, he received his appoint- 
ment from the Executive Board of the Missionary 
Union, Aug. 3, 1835, and sailed from Boston Sep- 
tember 22, arriving at Maulmain in February, 
1836. Having qualified himself for active service 
by mastering the language, he turned his attention 
to the evangelization of the Peguans, or, as they 
are more generally called, the Talaings. Into the 
language of this people he translated the New 
Testament, and wrote and published tracts for 
their religious benefit. For this people he always 
felt a deep interest even after he had learned the 
Burmese language, and performed missionary labor 
among the Burmese. He urged the appointment 
of a missionary to the people for whose spiritual 
welfare he had labored in some of the last letters 
he wrote home. "About the last work wrought 
by his trembling hand was the revision and prep- 
aration of tracts in their language." In 1849, Dr. 



Haswell visited the United States, and remained 
here not far from three years, and in 1867 he also 
made a short visit of nine months. More than 
forty years of his life, w'ith the exceptions just 
referred to, he spent in missionary labors. He died 
Sept. 13, 1876. 

The Executive Board, in their sixty-third annual 
report, speak of Dr. Haswell in terms of deserved 
commendation. " He was a man of high charac- 
ter, an industrious scholar, an adept in the lan- 
guages and literature of the races for whom he 
labored, an able minister of the new covenant, and 
a devoted servant of Christ. He had few supe- 
riors in point of personal character and missionary 
efficiency." 

Haswell, Rev. James R., son of Dr. James M. 
Haswell, was born in Amherst, Burmah, Sept. 4, 
1836. It was his father's hope and prayer that in 
due time his son would be his associate in mission- 
ary labor among the Burmese. Accordingly he 
took special pains in his early days to make him 
thoroughly familiar with the language. He re- 
ceived his collegiate education at the Madison 
University, where he graduated in 1857, and from 
the theological school two years later. In Septem- 
ber, 1859, he sailed for Burmah. It was not long 
after his arrival at his destined station that he was 
stricken down by disease, and left in so shattered 
a condition that it was deemed best for him to re- 
turn to this counti-y with the hope that he might 
recruit his health. He had in a measure lost his 
voice and his hearing was impaired. He recov- 
ei"ed his voice in a good degree, but not his hear- 
ing. A fcAV years having been spent in the United 
States, he returned once more to Burmah, and gave 
himself to his work as a missionary with great zeal 
and success. Again he was attacked with a violent 
disease, — the cholera, — and in a few hours was no 
more. His death took place May 20, 1877. 

Hatch, Rev. E. B., was born in East Hardwick, 
Vt., Feb. 8, 1831 ; baptized at the age of sixteen, 
and educated in Williston and Johnson, and in 
the theological seminary at Fairfax ; was licensed 
by the Johnson church in October, 1852, and or- 
dained in Lowell, Vt., Jan. 3, 1856 ; labored as an 
evangelist at St. Arm and and Standbridge, prov- 
ince of Quebec. In 1857 became pastor for one 
year at Lancaster, Wis. In 1858 settled at Clinton 
Junction, and remained there six years. In 1865 
moved to Thorn Hill, N. Y. In October, 1870, 
moved to California, where he lias labored one 
year at San Rafael, four years at Vallejo, and three 
years at Yountville. In the last two places he built 
two houses of worship. He is a good pastor and 
preacher, has baptized many converts, and is an 
earnest and zealous minister of the gospel. 

Hatcher, Rev. Harvey, was born in Bedford 
Co., Va., July 16, 1832, in the same house in which 



HATCHER 



510 



HAVE LOCK 



Dr. Jeter was born, of whom he was a near rela- ' 
tion. He was baptized by Rev. Wm. Harris in 
1849 ; was graduated from Richmond College in 
1858; served the churches of Portsmouth, Va., 
Keytesville, Mo., Sidney, and Richmond, Va., and is 
now associate editor of the Biblical Recorder. Mr. 
Hatcher is an older brother of Dr. W. E. Hatcher, 
of Virginia, and possesses much of the wit and 
humor of that distinguished pastor. He has at- 
tained distinction as a newspaper writer under 
the nom dej)lume of G. Washington Jones. 

Hatcher, William E., D.D., of Virginia.— 
Among the first men of Virginia stands Rev. Dr. 
W. E, Hatcher, pastor of the Grace Street Baptist 
church, Richmond. Born July 25, 1835, in the 
county of Bedford, Va., he passed his youth 
among those blue mountains where were raised 
such preachers as Dr. Jeter, the late Dr. Daniel 
Witt ("the golden-mouthed orator"), and a lai-ge 
number of the most distinguished ministers which 
Virginia ever produced. He entered Richmond 
College, and his native talent and close application 
soon enabled him to take rank among the best stu- 
dents in his class, and to graduate in June, 1858, 
among the first. 

In August, 1858, he took charge of a very weak 
church in Manchester (opposite Richmond), and, 
by faithful, judicious, and most untiring work, he 
added 400 to the church, and made it not only 
self-sustaining, but one of the most efficient in the 
State. 

From Manchester Dr. Hatcher went, in March, 

1867, to the pastorate of the Franklin Square Bap- 
tist church, Baltimore. He had a pleasant and 
successful year with this church, but in October, 

1868, he returned to his native State, and took 
charge of the First Baptist church in Petersburg. 
During his seven years' pastorate there Dr. Hatcher 
refused a number of most tempting calls to other 
pastorates, and labored on in his chosen field, 
where he added to the church 360, and built up 
the cause to an extent rarely equaled. 

Besides his labors in the pastorate. Dr. Hatcher 
has been a remarkably successful preacher in pro- 
tracted meetings, and several thousand persons have 
professed conversion in connection with his labors. 
In 1875 he accepted the pastorate of the Grace Street 
church in Richmond. Dr. Hatcher is a man of rare 
and varied gifts. As a preacher he is a remark- 
able sermonizer, and an earnest and most effective 
proclaimer of the soul-saving truths of the gospel. 
Able, simple, earnest, pathetic, and always practi- 
cal, large and delighted congregations wait on his 
ministry. 

But Dr. Hatcher is even more efficient in his pas- 
toral work than in the pulpit. His genial humor, 
keen wit, and winning manners make him the cen- 
tre of attraction to the social circle, while his de- 



vout piety, warm sympathies, and deep earnestness 
make him always a welcome visitor to the houses 
of his people and the "house of mourning." He 
is especially popular among the young, is a first- 
class Sunday-school man, and has had very large 
success in leading boys and girls to the Cross, and 
putting them to work for Jesus. 

Dr. Hatcher has won a wide reputation as a 
writer of keen satire and a popular lecturer, and 
he is destined to still higher renown in this direc- 
tion. He was one of the most untiring and success- 
ful workers in the great Virginia Memorial enter- 
prise, and has won a place among the best collecting 
agents in the country. There opens up before few 
young ministers a brighter career of successful work 
for the Master whom he serves so faithfully. 

Havelock, Maj.-Gen. Sir Henry, K.C.B., wa» 
born at Bishop Wearraouth, County of Durham, 
England, April 5, 1795. He had six brothers and 
sisters. It was the custom of his mother to assem- 




MAJ.-GEN. SIR HENRY HAVELOCK, K.C.B. 

ble her children in a room for the reading of the 
Scriptures and prayers, and as a result of this in 
early youth, Henry had serious religious impres- 
sions. When at the Charterhouse School, he and 
his companions met together regularly in one of 
the sleeping-rooms for religious reading and con- 
versation. In 1814 he became a law pupil of 
Chitty, a distinguished " special pleader" of th:ii 
day ; the future -Judge Talfourd was his fellow- 
student. Having a taste for the military profession,, 
he obtained a commission in the English army 
about a month after the battle of Waterloo. To fit 



HAVELOCK 



511 



HA WTHORNE 



himself for his new calling he read evei-y military 
work which he could procure, and made himself 
familiar with all the great battles in history and 
the tactics of all famous military commanders. 

While sailing to India in the "General Kyd" in 
1823 he first found peace with God through the 
blood of the Lamb. Until this time he had a great 
reverence for Jehovah and his religion, but he had 
never realized that his sins were blotted out by 
faith in the crucified Saviour. This rich revela- 
tion of divine love and grace in his soul was, as it 
is in every case, as lasting as life, and will be as 
continuous as eternity ; and it produced the great- 
est results in his future career. In the first British 
war with Burmah, while in Rangoon his attention 
was attracted by the " magnificent Shway-dagong" 
pagoda. It had a chamber, with images of Buddha 
all around it in a sitting posture. Havelock selected 
this room for the prayer-meeting of his pious sol- 
diers. An officer once heard the sound of " psalm- 
singing" coming from the pagoda, and, following 
it, he was led into the place of worship. Havelock 
was expounding the Scriptures ; about a hundred 
soldiers were around him; the only light which 
they had came from lamps placed in the laps of 
the surrounding idols. The scene was a strange 
one in every way, and yet it was as glorious as it 
was remarkable. But in this fashion the young 
ofificer trained his men, and the result was that they 
became the bravest and the most moral soldiers in 
the army, in which they were called " Havelock's 
saints" ; and they were often employed on occa- 
sions demanding special heroism. While on a 
mission to the king of Burmah, Havelock was 
" formally invested with a title of nobility and an 
official dress." 

He was married Feb. 9, 1829, to Hannah, the 
third daughter of Dr. Marshman, one of the cele- 
brated companions of Dr. Carey, the missionary. 
He was baptized April 4, 1830, at Serampore by 
the Rev. John Mack, and was ever after identified 
with the Baptists. 

In Afghanistan, in 1842, after 13,000 English 
troops had been destroyed by a treacherous sur- 
prise, Havelock was with Sir Robert Sale at Jella- 
labad ; famine stared the soldiers in the face ; hosts 
of Afghan warriors surrounded them ; retreat was 
certain destruction. Havelock commanded one 
of three columns, each of them five hundred strong, 
in an attack upon the besieging Afghans. After a 
short but fierce struggle his division routed the 
wing opposed to it, and, being speedily joined by 
the other two, the enemy, many thousand strong, 
fled in terror, leaving great numbers of their dead 
and wounded upon the field. He fought bravely 
in the Sikh war, but secured the greatest distinc- 
tion in the Indian mutiny. When that frightful 
calamity fell upon the Europeans of India Have- 



lock rushed to the scene of danger. He gained 
several victories near Cawnpore, and rescued it 
from Nana Sahib, the butcher of hundreds of 
European women and children, whom, wounded 
and dead, he cast into a great well. Then Have- 
lock, in a second attempt, reached Lucknow, fight- 
ing, it is supposed, nearly 50,000 di-illed Sepoys 
with 2500 men, and carrying on a battle through 
three miles of the city, " where each house formed 
a separate fortress," until he reached the British 
Residency, and gave ample protection to the women 
and children and the slender garrison, who expected 
death every day. He continued here until Sir Colin 
Campbell brought a powerful reinforcement, and 
rescued the Europeans in Lucknow. Brave Have- 
lock after this deliverance sank rapidly under a 
deadly disease, and passed away Nov. 22, 1859. 

In his last moments he said to Sir James Outram, 
"For more than forty years I have so ruled my 
life that when death came I might face it with- 
out fear. I am not in the least afraid ; to die is 
gain. I die happy and contented." To his oldest 
son, who waited upon him with great tenderness, 
he said, " Come, my son, and see how a Christian 
can die." 

Gen. Havelock believed that God was with him 
and that he ruled everything, and he was as cool 
in appalling dangers as if nothing could injure 
him. Wherever he was he found out the people 
of God and joined in their worship. He main- 
tained his religious character among the most un- 
godly young officers of the English army in India, 
and he was always ready to confess his supreme 
attachment to the King of Kings. His death created 
the greatest gloom in the British Islands ; as a 
Christian and as a military hero he is revered 
throughout his own country, and known and es- 
teemed over the world. Just before his death he 
was made a baronet, with a pension of £1000 a 
year. A statue by public subscription has been 
erected to his memory in Trafalgar Square, Lon- 
don. Had this eminent Baptist lived a few years 
longer no doubt he would have risen to the highest 
grade of the British peerage ; but the Lord ele- 
vated him to be a king and a priest with himself 
in the skies. 

Hawthorn e, J. B., D.D., pastor of the First 
Baptist church, Richmond, Va., was born May 16, 
1837, in Wilcox Co., Ala. His father was a de- 
voted Baptist minister of an old and honored fam- 
ily. Young Hawthorne was converted early in 
life, and after completing his literary studies at 
Howard College, in his native State, he spent about 
three years in the study and practice of law in 
Mobile. Under a conscientious sense of duty he 
decided to abandon his profession and engage in 
the ministry. He re-entered Howard College, and 
pursued a course of study in the theological depart- 



HAWTHORNE 



HA YCRAFT 



ment. On the 22d of September, 1859, at Friend- 
ship Baptist church, in his native county, he was 
ordained to the work of the ministry. Soon after- 
wards he became pastor of the Second Baptist 




J. B. HA\rTHORNE, D.D. 

church in the city of Mobile. Here his reputation 
as a preacher and pastor was rapidly rising, when, 
in 1863, he entered the Confederate army as chap- 
lain of an Alabama regiment, in which capacity 
his labors wei-e very useful. At the close of the 
war he accepted the care of the Baptist church in 
Selma, Ala., where he remained two years, and 
was then called to the pastorate of the Franklin 
Square Baptist church, Baltimore. After a suc- 
cessful pastorate there of two years, he accepted a 
call to the First Baptist church of Albany, N. Y. 
From Albany he was called to the Broadway Bap- 
tist church, Louisville, Ky., where his labors were 
greatly blessed. While here a beautiful church 
edifice was erected, costing over .|100,000, and ded- 
icated entirely free of debt. From Louisville he 
was called to the pastorate of the Tabernacle Bap- 
tist church of New York City, which greatly pros- 
pered under his fiiithful labors. Failing health 
and the rigors of a Northern climate culminating 
in a sickness which was nigh unto death, compelled 
him reluctantly to leave this field of labor, and 
late in the year 1875 he accepted a call to the First 
Baptist church of Montgomery, Ala. Here in his 
native State his health greatly improved, and his 
ministry was largely blessed. The denomination 
increased in numbers and in influence, and the spe- 
cial tenets of the Baptist faith won their way to the 



favorable consideration of all sects. In the autumn 
of 1879, Dr. Hawthorne was invited to the pastor- 
ate of the First Baptist church, Richmond, Va., 
which he accepted. Succeeding such pastors as 
Manly, Burrows, and Warren, he has at once won 
the regard and admiration of the vast audiences 
which regularly crowd the church. Dr. Hawthorne 
is in the prime of life, tall, dignified, and of com- 
manding presence. He has great power as an im- 
pressive speaker. His thoughts are fresh and 
stimulating, his language graceful, his utterance 
deliberate. He has considerable dramatic power, 
easily winning and holding the attention of his 
hearers. As a lecturer, also, he has secured a flat- 
tering reputation, and in evangelistic labors he has 
been greatly blessed by gracious revivals and nu- 
merous conversions. 

Hawthorne, Rev. Kedor, was bom in Robin- 
son Co., N. C, in January, 1797, and moved to 
Alabama in 1817 and settled in Conecuh County ; 
was baptized by the Rev. Alex. Travis in 1825, and 
began to preach two or three years afterwards ; 
spent about fifty years in the ministry, planted 
many churches in South Alabama and West Flor- 
ida, baptized about 4500 believers in Christ, and 
died in peace the latter part of August, 1877, at 
the age of eighty years. He was a pure man and 
an able minister of the New Testament. He reared 
a most interesting family, the gifted Rev. J. B. 
Hawthorne, D.D., now of Richmond, Va., and the 
Rev. Gen. Hawthorne, of Texas, being sons of his. 
The latter Avas a brigadier-general in the Confed- 
erate army, and the former has reached the highest 
celebrity as a preacher. 

Haycra.ft, Rev. U". P., was born in Elizabeth- 
town, Ky., April 9, 1797. He was converted in 
May, 1831 ; ordained in 1834 in Illinois. In 1835 
he removed to Missouri and settled in Lewis County. 
He cultivated his farm, and was a missionary of 
the Bethel Association and of the General Associ- 
ation in North Missouri for six years from 1842. 
He baptized over 400 persons in the different 
churches in which he ministejed. He endured 
heat and cold, toil and self-denial, for the Saviour's 
sake. In 1849 he went to California, and return- 
ing, began to preach Jesus. He has helped to or- 
ganize thirteen churches and to ordain seventeen 
ministers. He is now eighty-four years old, and 
says, "My labors are well-nigh done." 

Haycraft, Samuel, a distinguished citizen of 
Kentucky, was born in Elizabethtown, Aug. 14, 
1795. He was clerk of the county and circuit 
courts, practised law, and represented his district 
in the State senate. Mr. Haycraft joined Severn's 
Valley Baptist church, the oldest congregation in 
the Mississippi Valley, in early manhood. He 
was one of the constituents of the Baptist Conven- 
tion and General Association of Kentucky, and a 



HAYCROFT 



HA YMAN 



generous contributor to its objects. He assisted 
liberally in the endowment of Georgetown College 
and the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. 
He was connected with the Sabbath-school of his 




SAJIUEL HAYCRAFT. 

church as superintendent and teacher forty years. 
He was a brilliant and humorous speaker and 
charming writer, a gentleman of superior culture, 
an almost unrivaled conversationalist, and during 
his long life made good use of his talents in de- 
votion to Christianity and practical benevolence. 
He died Dec. 22, 1878. 

Haycroft, Nathaniel, D.D., for several years 
one of the most eminent ministers of the English 
Baptists, was born near Exeter, Feb. 14, 1821. 
Having joined the church at Thorverton, Devon- 
shire, in eai'ly youth, and manifesting a desire to 
enter the ministry, he was admitted to Stepney 
College, and subsequently studied at Edinburgh 
and Glasgow. His first settlement was at Saffron, 
Walden, in Esse.^, as co-pastor with the Rev. T. 
Wilkinson. Thence, after some years of successful 
labor, he was invited to the pastorate of the Broad- 
mead church, Bristol. During this pastorate, which 
continuedfor eighteen years, he rose to the eminent 
place in the denomination which he held at his 
death. In 1866 he removed to Leicester to take 
charge of a new church, and in the midst of his 
work and the fullness of his powers, died Feb. 16, 
1873, aged fifty-two. His indomitable energy and 
high culture secured him the respect of the com- 
munity, whilst his services to the denomination en- 
deared him to his brethren, and marked him as a 



leader to whom the highest trusts might be confi- 
dently committed. Though a prolific writer and a 
brilliant orator, he published little. He received 
the degree of D.D. from Glasgow University, with 
appropriate congratulations upon his high attain- 
ments. 

Hayden, Lucian, D.D., was born in Winsted, 
Conn., in 1808 ; baptized in Bethany, Wayne Co., 
Pa., in August, 1830 ; was graduated in Hamilton, 
N. Y., in 1836 ; ordained in Dover, N. H., in June, 
1838. He was pastor there four years, at Saxton's 
River, Vt., fourteen years, and at New London, 
N. H., eleven years ; had charge of Theological 
Institute for Freedmen at Augusta, Ga., for a few 
months, and for three years of Indianapolis (In- 
diana) Female Institute ; pastor at Gi'afton, Vt., for 
three years, and now is settled at Dunbarton, N. II. ; 
was two years president of Vermont Baptist State 
Convention, and one year of New Hampshire State 
Convention ; elected a member of New Hampshire 
Legislature from New London in 1865 ; author of 
" Pure Christianity Characterized by Spirituality," 
published by American Baptist Publication Society ; 
received D.D. from Madison University. Dr. Hay- 
den is an excellent pastor and preacher, distin- 
guished for piety and practical wisdom, and has 
long been esteemed one of our prominent men in 
Northern New England. 

Hayg'ood, E.ev. Francis M., of Lithonia, was 
born in Clark Co., Ga., Aug. 18, 1817. He pro- 
fessed a hope and united with Mars Hill church in 
1835 ; was licensed in 1840 ; attended the theo- 
logical department of Mercer University in 1840 
and 1841, at Penfield, and was ordained at Canton 
in 1847. For a few years he taught school, but 
for forty years has been an evangelistic preacher, 
and a laborious and faithful colporteur and Sun- 
day-school worker. He has had charge of several 
churches in different parts of the State ; was for 
some years the depository agent of the Georgia Bap- 
tist Bible and Colporteur Society at Macon, and 
for many years the successful agent of the Ameri- 
can Tract Society of New York, a position he fills 
at present. All his life he has been a hard-work- 
ing and faithful Christian laborer. 

Hayman, Rev. J. M. — Henry Hayman, paternal 
grandfather of our subject, was born oirthe Eastern 
Shore of Maryland. He was a lieutenant in the 
Revolutionary war, and after its close he married 
Mollie Goodall, and settled in Burke Co., Ga. 
Here he reared his family. James, his son, was the 
father of the subject of this sketch. His maternal 
grandfather, Rev. James Martin, of Bryan Co., Ga., 
was a Dunkard Baptist minister. James Martin 
Hayman, of whom we write, is the oldest child of 
James and Delila (Martin) Hayman, and was born 
in Bryan Co., Ga., Dec. 28, 1822. He professed re- 
ligion and was baptized by Elder John Tucker, in 



HAYMORE 



HA YNES 



Hernando Co., Fla., Aug. 7, 1844, and was licensed 
to preach by Alafia church, of Hillsborough County, 
June 17, 1851, and at the request of the same 
church was ordained to the ministry Nov. 10, 1851, 
Elders John Tucker, Daniel Edwards, and M. N. 
Strickland constituting the Presbytery. 

He informs the wi'iter that his diary shows that 
he has traveled 25,000 miles in the discharge of 
ministerial labors, preached 500 sermons, besides 
lectures and other labor, and baptized 319 persons. 

Elder Hayman moved to South Florida when it 
was almost a wilderness, and so sparsely inhabited 
that he would often ride forty miles from one com- 
munity to another. He has lived to see the fruit 
of his labors to a considerable degree. Mr. Hay- 
man is a prudent man, whose ministry has been a 
blessing. 

Haymore, Rev. C. C, was born in Yadkin Co., 
N. C, in 1848 ; baptized in 1869 by Rev. J. H. 
Lewellyn ; ordained in 1870 ; was a student for a 
while at Wake Forest College, and is now the effi- 
cient pastor of Mount Airy church. 

Haynes, Albert G., was born in Greene Co., Ga., 
Aug. 1,1805; was educated at Monticello, Jasper Co., 
Ga. ; resided for two years in the forks of the Talla- 
poosa River, Ala. ; resided seven years in Noxubee 
Co., Miss. ; removed to Texas in the fall of 1842. He 
was a prominent participator in the efforts to es- 
tablish the Baptist church at Independence. He 
served as moderator of the Union Association at 
one or two important sessions. He acted as deacon 
for nearly thirty years, and, besides contributing 
liberally of his means to the cause of Christ, dis- 
pensed a princely hospitality at his residence dur- 
ing his lifetime. He held the offices of notary and 
magistrate, and represented the county of Wash- 
ington in the State Legislature, and was a trustee 
and treasurer of Baylor University for many years, 
aiding by all means in his power in promoting the 
cause of religion and education. He died May 22, 
1870. He was a leading man in all religious and 
political assemblies in Texas from 1842 to 1870. 

Haynes, Rev. Dudley C, was born in Port- 
land, Me., Sept. 15, 1809. He was converted in 
the winter of 1831, and united with the First Bap- 
tist church of Portland, by which he was licensed 
to preach. He entered the preparatory department 
of Newton Theological Institution in 1832, and 
graduated from the seminary in 1837. He became 
pastor of the Baptist church at Marblehead, Mass., 
by which he was ordained immediately on leaving 
the seminary. He has also been pastor at Middle- 
town, Conn., Utica, N. Y., Brunswick, Me., llyan- 
nis, Mass., Philadelphia, Pa., Bainbridge and Union, 
N. Y., where now, in the seventy-second year of 
his age, he is actively engaged in pastoral work. 
During these forty-four years of uninterrupted 
labor, he has at different times served the Amer- 



ican Baptist Missionary Union and American Tract 
Society. On resigning his pastoi'ate at Philadel- 
phia he became the district secretary of the Amer- 
ican Baptist Publication Society for New England, 
in which work he was very successful. He was 
afterwards corresponding secretary of the American 
and Foreign Bible Society for four years. During 
the war he was engaged as the general agent of the 
American Freedmen's Relief Association and the 
American Freedmen's Union Commission, visiting 
California twice for these societies, and Europe 
once, and raising large sums of money. 

He has also had charge at different times of the 
affairs of the American Colonization Society and 
of the American Peace Society in specially desig- 
nated fields. During Mr. Haynes' secretaryship 
for the Publication Society he wrote " The Baptist 
Denomination," a book published by Sheldon & 
Co., which had a large sale previous to the war. 

This is a brief sketch of a life of unceasing 
activity and usefulness. Few men have done so. 
much hard work and enjoyed such remarkable 
health. 

Haynes, Rev. Emory J , was born at Cabot, 

Vt., Feb. 6, 1846. His father and grandfather 
were Methodist Episcopal ministers of considerable 
note in that denomination. In 1863 he made a 
public profession of religion, and united with the 
Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1868 he was grad- 
uated from the Wesleyan University, of Middle- 
town, and was immediately settled as pastor of a 
Methodist Episcopal church in Norwich, Conn. In 
1870 he was put in charge of St. Paul's church, 
Fall River, and two years later he was transferred 
to Hanson Place Methodist Episcopal church, 
Brooklyn, N. Y. Here he drew great throngs of 
people, and the church found it necessary to in- 
crease the capacity of their house. In 1875 he took 
charge of the Seventh Avenue church in the same 
city. Two years later his convictions led him re- 
luctantly to sever his connection with the Method- 
ists and unite with the Baptists. . He was baptized 
in the Fifth Avenue Baptist church by Thomas 
Armitage, D.D., and on that occasion made public 
his reasons for the change. He was very soon 
called to the pastorate of the Washington Avenue 
Baptist church, Brooklyn. During the three years 
of his labor a large number have been added to the 
church. He is a fluent and eloquent preacher, his 
discourses abounding in illustrations, showing a 
warm heart and an earnest desire for the spiritual 
welfare of the people. He is the author of a work 
entitled " Are These Things So?" gems of thought 
selected from his sermons. 

Haynes, J. A., M.D., D.D., was bom in King 
and Queen Co., Va., Dec. 13, 1822. He was edu- 
cated by his father in part, and at the Virginia Bap- 
tist Seminary (Richmond College). He subse- 



HA YNES 



515 



HEATH 



quently entered the Columbian College, where he 
graduated in 1843. After having served for a year 
as principal of the Bruington Academy, he attended 
lectures at the National Medical College (the Co- 
lumbian College) during the session of 184-4-45, 
and completed his medical course at the Jefferson 
Medical College, Philadelphia, where he graduated 
in 1846. After practising his profession in King and 
Queen and Clarke Counties, Va., for some time, he 
felt it to be his duty to preach the gospel, and was 
licensed by the Berryville church, Clarke County, 
in 1853, and ordained in 1857. After laboring for 
a while in behalf of the State Mission Board, he be- 
came principal of the Clarke Female Seminary, at 
Berryville. In the fall of 1860, Dr. Haynes re- 
. moved to Loudon County, having accepted the pas- 
torate of the Ebenezer and of Middleburg churches, 
the former in 1858, the latter in 1859. In 1867 
he left Ebenezer and took charge of Long Branch. 
While residing at Middleburg, he also had charge 
of a young ladies' seminary until 1876. Dr. Haynes 
has preached frequently in the adjoining counties, 
assisting in protracted meetings, and rendering 
efiBcient services in Associational and kindred meet- 
ings, by means of his good judgment and independ- 
ence. Richmond College conferred the honorary 
degree of D.D. upon him in 1877. Dr. Haynes died 
very suddenly in the early part of 1880. 

Haynes, Lucius M. S., D.D,, is the son of Rev. 
D. C. Haynes, and was born at Marblehead, Mass., 
in February, 1838. He was graduated at the High 
School, Philadelphia, and studied at Newton Theo- 
logical Seminary. He was ordained as pastor at 
Augusta, Me. 

Early in the war he enlisted in the army, and 
was commissioned first lieutenant of the 4th Maine 
Light Artillery. After serving one year he re- 
signed, and accepted the pastorate of the Bap- 
tist church of Oswego, N. Y. He was afterwards 
induced to accept a call from Watertown, then from 
Norwich, and, after the death of the lamented Dr. 
Lyman Wright, he was called to the pastorate of 
the Bingharaton Baptist church, N. Y. His earnest 
and faithful labor in all these leading churches in 
Central New York, his fidelity to his denomination, 
and his ability in the pulpit, have given him a high 
position in the estimation of his brethren. The 
honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity was con- 
ferred upon him by Madison University. 

Hajmes, Rev. Sylvanus, was born in Prince- 
ton, Mass., Feb. 22, 1768 ; commenced to preach in 
March, 1789; was ordained pastor of the Baptist 
church in Middletown, Vt., where he remained 
twenty-six years, his ministry being accompanied 
with abundant fruits. He removed to Elbridge, 
Vt., in 1817, and there preached with great success 
for several years. He died Dec. 30, 1826. 

Hazen, Rev. J. H., for many years a pastor in 



Illinois, now laid aside in consequence of injuries; 
received while a chaplain in the army, is a native- 
of Pennsylvania, and was born Sept. 10, 1824, of 
Massachusetts Puritan stock on the fathers side, 
and on the mother's of Scottish descent, his grand- 
mother having come from the Highlands of Scot- 
land. He was converted at twelve, and licensed to 
preach at seventeen, by the First church of Provi- 
dence, into whose fellowship he had been baptized. 
He studied at Providence Academy and at the 
Northwestern Institute, Sharon, Pa., taking, sub- 
sequently, a two years' course in theology in a 
private class under Dr. John Winter. During the 
twenty-eight years of his pastoral service he has 
labored with churches at Salem, where he was or- 
dained in 1844, Georgetown, and Meadville, Pa., 
and in Illinois at Brimfield, Peoria, and Amboy. 
During the war he served in the army both as chap- 
lain and as surgeon, and by injuries and overwork 
was completely disabled. His present home is Am- 
boy, where, though released from active service, he 
shares the sympathy and esteem of his brethren as 
a true man and " a good minister of Jesus Christ." 

Heard, Rev. George Felix, son of Col. Abram 
and Nancy Heard, was born in Greensborough, Ga., 
Feb. 29, 1812 ; prepared for college at Athens, Ga. ; 
entered University of Georgia in same place, and 
graduated with honor in 1829 ; joined the Presby- 
terian church at Athens in 1827 ; shortly after his 
graduation he entered Princeton Theological Semi- 
nary ; remained a year ; then went to Andover for 
a year; then returned to Princeton, and continued 
till May, 1833, when, convinced that the views of 
the Baptists could be sustained by the Scriptures, 
he was constrained to change his ecclesiastical re- 
lations and cast in his lot with the Baptists. Ac- 
cordingly he left the Princeton Seminary, joined 
the First Baptist church in Philadelphia, and com- 
pleted his studies under Rev. Wm. T. Brantly, Sr., 
D.D. He returned to Georgia, and in- February, 
1834, was called to Black Swamp church, S. C. 
But the next year he removed to Mobile, Ala., be- 
came pastor of the church, laboring with great zeal 
and fidelity five years, during the latter three of 
which he edited a Baptist paper called The Monitor^ 
In 1841 he removed to Harrison Co., Texas, where 
his course was one of constantly increasing useful- 
ness, until it was terminated by death in 1844. He 
was an admirable public speaker. Had he lived 
longer he would have produced a much deeper 
impression in reference to his powers as a scholar, 
a theologian, and a preacher. 

Heath, Rev. Moses, A.M., was born in King- 
wood, N. J., May 13, 1827, and graduated at Madi- 
son University, N. Y., in 1854. Having taught for 
two years, he was ordained in September, 1856, by 
the Baptist church at Flemington, N. J., where he 
had been baptized, licensed to preach, and married. 



HEATH 



516 



HELWTS 



Immediately after ordination he became pastor at 
McKeesport, Pa. Sixty were added to the church 
during his pastorate there. In 1859 a long-cher- 
ished desire for missionary work induced him to 
remove to Minnesota. Commissioned by the Amer- 
ican Baptist Home Mission Society, he settled at 
Belle Plaine, remaining six years as pastor of the 
church and missionary for the surrounding region. 
In this field he baptized about seventy. Compelled 
by ill health to leave it, he accepted the charge of 
the church at Anoka, Minn. There, amidst his 
pastoral duties, he served as county superintendent 
of public schools. After two years of happy labor 
he left a loved and loving people in order to take 
charge of the Minnesota Baptist school, then at 
Hastings, where he also became pastor of the Bap- 
tist church. In a few months, however, bronchial 
disease laid him aside from all labor and necessi- 
tated a change of residence. Benefited by climate 
and rest, he took charge of the Loller Academy, 
Hatborough, Pa., where he remained four years. 
Since 1872 he has been principal of "Wyoming In- 
stitute of Delaware, preaching occasionally as health 
permits, and assisted in his educational work by 
members of his family. 

Heath, Rev. William, was born in Newport, 
N. H., March 9, 1798. He graduated at Dart- 
mouth College in the class of 1826. Among his 
classmates was the late Chief-Justice Chase. . For 
a year after his graduation he was a tutor in the 
preparatory department of the Columbian College 
at Washington. He graduated at the Newton The- 
ological Institution in 1832, and soon after became 
principal of the South Reading Academy. lie was 
ordained as an evangelist July 1, 1835. His pas- 
torates were with the churches in Shelburne Falls 
and North Reading, Mass. He was in the book 
trade' for several years, having charge of the Bap- 
tist Sabbath-School Depository -in Boston. His 
death took place Jan. 19, 1869, at Wakefield, 
Mass. 

Hedden, Rev. Benjamin Franklin, son of 

Bartholomew, was born in Stonington, Conn., in 
1803 ; was an excellent school-teacher ; licensed 
and ordained by the First Baptist church in Gro- 
ton, and succeeded Rev. John G. Wightman in its 
pulpit ; labored in various fields with marked suc- 
cess, — Martha's Vineyard, Mass. ; East Greenwich, 
R. I. : Manchester, N. H. ; Mansfield, Conn. ; Cam- 
den, N. J. ; the Twelfth Baptist church in Phila- 
delphia; an able and devout man. From ill health 
and a fall he resigned his pastorate in Philadelphia 
in 1871, and died Feb. 27, 1872, aged sixty-eight 
years. His brother, Rev. Harlem Hedden, was a 
useful preacher in difi"erent parts of New London 
Co., Conn. 

Hedden, Rev. William D., the son of Presby- 
terian parents, was born at East Orange, N. J., Nov. 



6, 1829. He was converted at seventeen, and being 
convinced that the immersion of believers only is 
New Testament baptism, he united with the church 
at East Orange. After pursuing studies at Hamil- 
ton he was ordained at Meridian, N. Y., in 1853. 
May 13, 1855, he became pastor of the church with 
which he first united, where, with the exception of 
a few months, he has continued to labor till the 
present time. Mr. Hedden has corresponded con- 
siderably for the religious press, and cultivates the 
poetic talent. 

Helwys, Thomas, was a native of England, 
who went to Amsterdam, in Holland, and united 
with a church of English Separatists, founded in 
the early part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. In 
this church a controversy arose about the validity 
of infant baptism, which led to the exclusion of 
those who rejected that unscriptural custom, and 
of Thomas Helwys with his Baptist brethren. 
While a member of the Brownist Church they 
looked upon him as a man of eminent faith, 
charity, and spiritual gifts. 

In the Baptist church formed by the expelled 
Separatists, Mr. Helwys enjoyed the warmest re- 
gards of the entire people; and when, in 1611, their 
pastor, the Rev. John Smyth, died, Mr. Helwys was 
elected his successor. 

Very soon after entering upon his office, probably 
early in 1612, Mr. Helwys became uneasy about 
staying out of England ; it appeared to him to 
savor of cowai-dice, and he was convinced that it 
was his duty and that of his church to return home 
at once and bear testimony to the truth, since per- 
secution threatened its extinction, and encourage 
and comfort their brethren who were suffering for 
Christ's sake. The church and pastor decided 
speedily, and soon commenced worship in London. 
The community flourished greatly in its new home, 
and its members were often the victims of royal 
and episcopal hatred. Mr. Helwys was a man of 
power, and his influence lived long after he slept 
with his fathers. His doctrines were said to be 
Arminian. His views of civil government in re- 
lation to religion were thoroughly Scriptural, and 
in that day were held by none but Baptists. In a 
Confession of Faith received by his people, and 
probably written by him, published about 1611, it 
is said, " The magistrate is not to meddle with re- 
ligion or matters of conscience, nor to compel men 
to this or that form of religion ; because Christ is 
the king and lawgiver of the church and con- 
science." (Crosby, i.. Appendix, p. 71.) Nothing 
more emphatic was overwritten on the question of 
soul liberty in any age or country. But in the 
days of Helwys this doctrine was denounced by 
Robinson, the father of the Puritans who founded 
New Plymouth in 1620. Mr. Helwys and his 
Baptist brethren were detested as much for the 



HENDERSON 



HENDIilCKSON 



liberty of conscience for which they pleaded as for 
the believer's baptism which they practised. 

Henderson, Rev. Samuel, D.D., a native of 
Jefferson Co., Tenn., was born March 4, 1817; 
united with the church in September, 1832. 
Reared to the business of a practical printer, 
wlien quite a youth he removed to Alabama, 
and established one of the first political news- 
papers of Talladega, which he published and ed- 
ited for several years. He was ordained to the 
gospel ministry in the church in Talladega in 1840, 
tliis being his first pastorate. Moved to Tuskegee 
in 1846, where he was pastor for twenty-one year.s. 
To the Baptists Tuskegee was, during that period, 
one of the most important centres of influence in 
the State. In addition to its refined and wealthy 
church membership, it was the site of the East 
Alabama Female College, a property whose erec- 
tion cost our brethren not less than $40,000. It 
was also the seat of publication of the Southwestern 
Baptist, the denominational organ of the State, 
which was conducted with marked ability by Dr. 
Henderson, it being then one of the most influen- 
tial religious journals in the whole vSouth. (See 
Alabama Baptist Newspapers.) In 1868, Dr. 
Henderson returned to Talladega County to the 
charge of several country and village churches, 
among the best country churches in the State, 
where he is pleasantly located on a handsome and 
fertile farm, and passes his time in visiting the 
churches, writing for the papers, being one of the 
editors of the Christian Index, of Atlanta, Ga., and 
in making further search into the contents of his 
splendid library. For the last thirty years Dr. 
Henderson has been among the most prominent 
and useful of Alabama ministers. Liberally edu- 
cated at the start, he has become one of our eru- 
dite men, an able and distinguished preacher, an 
adviser of first-class judgment, a graceful, cul- 
tivated, and powerful writer, and withal a sound 
theologian, thoroughly 7-ead-up. Dr. Henderson 
has published a number of able sermons, review 
articles, and other strong and well-prepared docu- 
ments. It was in his discussion with the Rev. 
Mr. Hamill of the Alabama Conference on " Meth- 
odist Episcopacy," more than twenty years ago, 
that he gained a distinguished reputation as a 
ready and cogent ecclesiastical controversialist. 
It was first published in his paper in Tuskegee, 
and subsequently in a book of 380 pages, by the 
Southern Baptist Publication Society at Charleston. 
Nothing can be found more satisfactory on that 
subject. His father, Deacon John F. Henderson, 
was for many years one of the most useful mem- 
bers of the church in Talladega. Of this church 
his younger brother, Hon. John Henderson, an 
able and upright judge of the Circuit Court, is now 
a member and a deacon. 



Hendricks, Rev. John, who had been a Meth- 
odist minister, lived in Greensborough, Ga., where 
he was very useful as a preacher in the Baptist 
churches of that section. Becoming troubled on 
the subject of baptism, because of doubt as to its 
proper administration, and unwilling to remain in a 
state of uncertainty, he investigated the subject, and 
became convinced of the propriety of immersion. 
He was baptized by Dr. Adiel Sherwood about 
1827. He afterwards removed to Cherokee, Ga., 
where he resided until his death. 

Hendrickson, Charles R., D.D., was born Feb. 
18, 1820, in Gloucester Co., N. J. His parents be- 
longed to the Methodist Church, and, upon making 
a public profession of religion in the fifteenth year 
of his age, he identified himself wdth it. 

He had early impressions that it was his duty to 
preach, and in the nineteenth year of his age he 
entered the Methodist ministry, and traveled one 
year in connection with the New Jersey Confer- 
ence. He afterwards was transferred to the Ken- 
tucky Conference, and served two years in that 
connection. During his residence in Kentucky he 
was called upon to defend infant baptism and other 
doctrines of the Methodists ; but the result of his 
investigations, instead of furnishing him arguments 
in favor of the tenets of his own church, caused 
him to see the error of his position and to adopt the 
sentiments of the Baptist denomination. 

He immediately severed his connection with the 
Kentucky Conference, returned to Philadelphia, 
and was baptized by Rev. Dr. J. Lansing Burrows 
in 1842. Up to the time of his uniting with the 
Baptists he had never heard a sermon upon the 
subject of Scriptural baptism and the ordinances 
of the church, but at his baptism he preached 
upon this subject, setting forth the arguments that 
had led him to change his views. 

He entered at once upon the work of an evan- 
gelist, and traveled extensively in Pennsylvania 
and Maryland. In 1846 he was called to the pas- 
torate of the First Baptist chui-ch, Norfolk, Va. 
In 1852 he became pastor of the First Baptist 
church, Memphis, Tenn., where he was instru- 
mental in building up a large and influential com- 
munity. Owing to rheumatism, from which he has 
been a great sufferer, he left Memphis for Califor- 
nia in 1859, and became pastor of the Baptist 
church at Stockton, and afterwards of the First 
Baptist church of San Francisco. He remained in 
California eleven years, and then returned to Phil- 
adelphia, and became pastor of the North church. 
He served it two years, during which time he 
baptized more than one hundred persons. In 1873 
he accepted a call to the church at Jackson, Tenn., 
where he is now laboring with success. 

Dr. Hendrickson is distinguished for his piety 
and the possession of those Christian graces that 



HENRICIANS 



HENRICKS 



«o beautifully adorn his life. While he is a sound 
Baptist, his gentleness and Christian charity secure 
for him the esteem and high regard of other de- 
mominations. His studies and varied reading have 
made Dr. Ilendrickson a highly-cultured minister. 

As a writer, his style is easy and natural, and 
'his thoughts are forcibly and logically expressed. 
Few men are more completely at home in the pul- 
pit. As a preacher, he is distinguished for his 
attractive delivery, his elegant English, his clear 
arguments, his honest sincerity, and his thorough 
■comprehension of the subject. 

The Southwestern Baptist University, located at 
Jackson, Tenn., owes much to Dr. Hendrickson. 
He has been chairman of the executive board of 
trustees from the date of its organization to the 
present. 

Henricians, The.— Henry, a monk in the first 
lialf of the twelfth century, became a great preacher. 
He was endowed with extraordinary powers of per- 
:suasion, and with a glowing earnestness that swept 
away the greatest obstacles that mere human power 
could banish, and he had the grace of God in his 
ieart. He denounced prayers for the dead, the in- 
Tocation of saints, the vices of the clergy, the super- 
stitions of the church, and the licentiousness of the 
age, and he set an example of the sternest moral- 
ity. He was a master-spirit in talents, and a 
heaven-aided hero, a John Knox, born in another 
•clime, but nourished upon the same all-powerful 
^race. 

When he visited the city of Mans the inferior 
■clergy became his followers, and the people gave 
him and his doctrine their hearts, and they refused 
to attend the consecrated mummeries of the popish 
churches, and mocked the higher clergy who clung 
tO'them. In fact, their lives were endangered by 
the triumph of Henry's doctrines. The rich and 
the poor gave him their confidence and their money, 
and when Hildebert, their bishop, returned, after 
an absence covering the entire period of Henry's 
Tisit, he was received with contempt and his bless- 
ing with ridicule. Henry's great arsenal was the 
Bible, and all opposition melted away before it. 

He retired from Mans and went to Provence, and 
the same remarkable results attended his ministry ; 
persons of all ranks received his blessed doctrines 
■and forsook the foolish superstitions of Rome and 
the churches in which they occupied the most im- 
portant positions. At and around Thoulouse his 
labors seem to have created the greatest indigna- 
tion and alarm among the few faithful friends of 
Romanism, and Catholics in the most distant parts 
of France heard of his overwhelming influence and ' 
his triumphant heresy with great fear. In every 
■direction for many miles around he preachedChrist, 
and at last Pope Eugene III. sent a cardinal to 
overthrow the heretic and his errors. He wisely 



took with him, in 1147, the celebrated St. 
This abbot had the earnestness and the temper of 
Richard Baxter, whom he resembled in some re- 
spects. He was a more eloquent man, and he was 
probably the most noted and popular ecclesiastic in 
Europe. He speaks significantly of the state of 
things which he found in Henry's field: "The 
churches (Catholic) are without people, the people 
without priests, the priests without due reverence, 
and, in short, Christians are without Christ ; the 
churches were regarded as synagogues, the sanc- 
tuary of God was not held to be sacred, and the 
sacraments were not reckoned to be holy, festive 
days lost their solemnity, men died in their sins, 
souls were snatched away everywhere to the dread 
tribunal, alas ! neither reconciled by repentance 
nor fortified by the holy communion. The life of 
Christ was closed to the little children of Chris- 
tians, whilst the grace of baptism was refused, nor 
were they permitted to approach salvation, al- 
though the Saviour lovingly proclaims before them, 
and says, ' Suffer the little children to come to 
me.' "* 

Elsewhere, St. Bernard, speaking of Henry and 
other heretics, says, " They mock us because we 
baptize infants, because we pray for the dead, be- 
cause we seek the aid of (glorified) saints."! That 
Henry had a great multitude of adherents is beyond 
a doubt, and that he was a Bible Christian is abso- 
lutely certain, and that he and his followers rejected 
infant baptism is the testimony of St. Bernard and 
of all other writers who have taken notice of the 
Henricians and their founders. We incline to the 
opinion of Neander that Henry was not a Petro- 
brusian. We are satisfied that he and his disciples 
were independent witnesses for Jesus raised up by 
the Spirit and Word of God. The Henricians were 
Baptists, and their founder perished in prison. 

Henricks, Rev. William, was born in 1800. 

His father was an Austrian, who emigrated to 
America to escape Romish persecution because of 
his conversion to Protestantism, and settled first 
in North Carolina and then in Greene Co., Ga., in 
1808. Wm. Henricks was converted in 1826, under 
the preaching of Lovick Pierce, and was baptized 
in 1828 by Dr. A. Sherwood, after a thorough in- 
vestigation of the subject of baptism. He was or- 
dained in 1832. He became an able and zealous 
minister of the gospel, with few superiors as a re- 
vivalist. For eighteen years he preached among 
the churches of Greene, Morgan, Clarke, Monroe, 
and Walton Counties, with great power and useful- 
ness. For fifteen years he was moderator of the 



* Parvulis Christianorum Christi Intercluditur vita, duru bap- 
;ismi negatur gratia; nee saluti propenquare sinuntur ; Salvatore 
icet pie clamante pro eis; Siiiile, inquit, parvulos venire ad me. 
Sancti Bernardi Genuina Opera, i. Kp. 2«, p. 237. Parisiis, 1690.) 

t Irrident noa, quod baptizamus infantes. Idem, i. p. 1497. 



HENRY 



HERNDON 



Appalachee Association ; indeed, remaining so until 
his removal to Floyd County in 1850. He assisted 
in the organization of the Oostanaula Association 
in 1852, and was elected moderator. He died at 
Rome, Ga., June 18, 1856. He was a man of mark 
and of great usefulness in his day, and stood side 
by side with the first Baptist ministers of his time 
in promoting the interests of the denomination in 
Georgia. 

Henry, Rev. Foster, was born in Perkinsville, 
Windsor Co., Vt., in 1817. He took the full 
courses of study at Brown University and at the 
Newton Theological Institution, graduating at the 
former in the class of 1845, and at the latter in 
the class of 1848. He was ordained to the min- 
istry in Novejmber, 1852, and was pastor of 
the church in Tyringham, Mass., five years, when 
he removed to Pawtuxet, R. I., remaining there 
four years, then at Danversport, Mass., for three 
years, then at Newport, N. H., for six years. 
From Newport he went to North Bennington, Vt., 
and is at this time pastor of the church in that place. 

Hanson, Poindexter S., D.D., was born in 
Fluvanna Co., Va., Dec. 7, 1831 ; entered Rich- 
mond College in 1844, and graduated with the first 




POINDEXTER S. HENSON, D.D. 

class, in 1848, being then sixteen years of age. 
After teaching for one year in his native county, 
he entered the University of Virginia, and spent 
two years in that institution, graduating in various 
" schools." In the fall of 1851 he became principal 
of the Milton Classical Institute in North Carolina, 
and retained the position two years, in the mean 



while studying law with the Hon. M. McGee, and 
editing the North Carolina Democrat, — a weekly 
paper published in the town of Milton. When 
about entering upon the practice of law he was 
elected Professor of Natui-al Science in the Chowan 
Female College at Murfreesborough, N. C. This 
position lie retained for two years, at the expiration 
of which he married Miss A. C. Ruse, of Hicks- 
ford, Va., and returned to Fluvanna County. 

Was converted in 1846, while a student at Rich- 
mond College, and was baptized by Rev. .J. B. 
Jeter, D.D., into the fellowship of the First church 
at Richmond. At the close of the year 1855 he 
abandoned the law and devoted himself to the min- 
istry of the gospel ; was ordained in February, 
1.856, and settled as pastor of the Fluvanna church. 
In connection with his pastorate he established the 
Fluvanna Female Institute, and remained there 
preaching and teaching until the summer of 1860, 
when he accepted a call to the Broad Street church, 
Philadelphia, and entered upon his labors Dec. 27, 
1860. With this church he remained until Sep- 
tember, 1867, when under pressure of demand for 
a new interest in a rapidly-growing section of the 
city, he, with others, went out to organize the 
Memorial church, where he still continues a faithful 
and efficient ministry. He received the degree of 
D.D. in 1867 from the university at Lewisburg. In 
1878 he declined an urgent call to the presidency 
of that institution! 

Dr. Henson possesses a keenly logical mind, and 
is thoroughly skilled in his methods of attacking 
error and defending the truth. As a preacher, he 
stands in the front rank of loyal and brilliant pul- 
pit orators, and his sermons abound in the rich 
results of Bible study and devout piety. As a 
lecturer his services are in frequent requisition, and 
large audiences are ever ready to show their appre- 
ciation of his native wit and cultured scholarship. 
He is prominently and actively engaged in the 
management of local and general denominational 
societies, and as editor of the Baptist Teacher he 
continues to exert helpful and healthful influence 
upon Sunday-school work and workers. He has 
the largest Protestant congregation in Philadelphia. 
Herndon, Rev. Thaddeus, was born in Fau- 
quier Co., Va., May 9, 1807. He was the eldest of 
four brothers, all of whom were ministers of the 
gospel, and all of whom preceded him to their final 
reward. He was baptized by Di-. W. F. Broaddus 
in 1828, and united with the Long Branch church, 
being licensed to preach by it in 1833. For some 
years he was employed by the Salem Union Asso- 
ciation as missionary, traveling over large districts 
of country in Loudon, Fauquier, Prince William, 
and Fairfax Counties. In 1837 he was called to 
the pastorate of Antioch church. Prince William 
Co., and about the same time to North Fork church, 



HERNDON 



520 



HEWITT 



Loudon Co., both of which he faithfully served for 
about forty years. He was the pastor also of two 
other churches. Although Mr. Herndon had the 
care of a farm and a large family, he very rarely 
failed in regularly meeting his church appoint- 
ments, riding on horseback through the storms of 
winter and the heats of summer. He was an earn- 
est gospel preacher and a welcome guest at many 
a fireside. He died June 2, 1878. 

Herndon, Rev. Traverse D., the brother of 

the Revs. Thaddeus and Richard Herndon, was 
born March 11, 1810. His father was the Rev. 
John C. Herndon, a resident of Fauquier County. 
About the age of eighteen, being hopefully con- 
verted, he was baptized by Dr. W. F. Broaddus, 
and united with the Long Branch church. Being 
a young man of ardent piety, and longing to honor 
his Master by a life wholly consecrated to bis ser- 
vice, he was persuaded to prepare himself for the 
work of the ministry. Having been for a short 
time engaged in mercantile business in Alexandria, 
Va., he relinquished his position in that place and 
entered the Columbian College, where he remained 
during five years, graduating in 1838, the year of 
his ordination. His first pastoral charge was the 
Falmouth church, which he held in connection with 
an engagement as missionary under the Salem 
Union Association. Owing to his precarious health, 
however, he was soon obliged to relinquish both 
these positions, and for nearly two years he was 
unable to preach. "When he had recovered a good 
measure of health he took charge of four churches, 
Liberty, Mount Holly, Fiery Run, and Front Royal. 
These churches being too remote from his residence, 
he took charge of the Middleburg, Long Branch, 
and Ketocton churches, with which he labored up 
to the time of his death, which occurred Sept. 10, 
1854. Mr. Herndon stood high among his brethren 
as a preacher. His sermons were plain, practical, 
and saturated with earnest descriptions of the love 
of Christ for sinners. Human guilt and divine 
redeniption were the great themes upon which he 
loved to dwell, and his teachings were blessed to 
the conversion of many souls and the encourage- 
ment of God's people. More than three hundred 
were baptized by him during his ministry, while 
thousands of others who listened to him during his 
journeyings from home at protracted meetings 
were greatly quickened in their spiritual energies. 
As a Christian man in all the various relations of 
life he was a model. " His natural qualities, con- 
trolled as they were by a constant sense of the 
obligations on him as a Christian, made him, in the 
estimation of all who knew him well enough to 
appreciate his personal worth, most emphatically a 
Christian gentleman." Dr. Wm. F. Broaddus, who 
knew Mr. Herndon well, says, "But this I can say 
in all honesty, that after an acquaintance with him 



of nearly thirty years, and for many years an inti- 
mate acquaintance, such was his entire deportment 
both as a man and a Christian, that if he had 
faults, my admiration of the characteristics uni- 
formly exhibited in his life and conversation so 
occupied me, that those faults entirely escaped my 
observation." 

Herr, Joseph. Daniel, D.D., was born in Sharps- 
burg, Pa., Feb. 23, 1837. At the age of seventeen 
he was converted and immersed as a member of the 
Methodist Protestant Church. In 1858, having 
completed a collegiate course at Madison College, 
Pa., he was ordained to the ministry. His reputa- 
tion for ability in the pulpit led to his serving 
prominent churches in Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. 
He was also made secretary of the, board of trus- 
tees of Adrian College, and of the Missionary Society 
of the Methodist Protestant Church. In August, 
1870, in accordance with his early convictions, and 
impressed with the great truth that faith should 
precede baptism, he resigned the charge of the 
Second Methodist Protestant church of Pittsburgh, 
and immediately thereafter accepted the pastorate 
of the Union Baptist church of the same city. A 
few months later he assisted in the formation of the 
Penn Avenue Baptist church, and became its first 
pastor. Nov. 1, 1875, he resigned to take charge 
of the Central Baptist church of New York. Dr. 
Herr as a preacher is eloquent, and is noted for his 
fervor and earnestness. His pastorates have been 
marked by progress and spiritual prosperity. In 
1876 he was made D.D. by Otterbein University, 
Ohio. 

Hewes, Rev. and Prof., was born in Lynnfield, 
Mass., in 1818 ; converted and baptized at the age 
of fourteen ; graduated at Brown University and 
the Newton Theological Seminary. In 1844 he 
was ordained as pastor at Lonsdale, R. I. In 1849 
he began an eight years' pastorate at Lansing- 
burgh, N. Y. In 1857-58 he was professor in the 
Troy University. From Troy he was called to 
the presidency of the Indianapolis Institute, hold- 
ing his position there seven years. Removing to 
California, he was two years a professor in the Fe- 
male College of the Pacific, two years pastor and 
lecturer on Natural Sciences in the Mills Semi- 
nary, five years pastor at St. Helena, and two years 
pastor of the Fifth church, San Francisco. Though 
much of his life has been spent in educating the 
young, he has baptized over three hundred con- 
verts. Since his arrival in California he has spent 
three years in extensive travels in Europe, Egypt, 
and the Holy Land. 

Hewitt, C. E., D.D., was born Oct. 16, 1836, in 
Gal way, Saratoga Co., N. Y., being a son of Deacon 
Edmund Hewitt, well known for more than half a 
century as a prominent member and officer of the 
Galway Baptist church, of which the son became a 



HICK 



HICKMAN 



member at sixteen years of age. He graduated at 
the University of Rochester in 1860, and at the 
seminary in 1863. His pastorates have been at 
Ypsilanti, Mich., 1863-68; Bloomington, 111., 1868- 
70 ; Centennial church, Chicago, 1877-79; and now 
(1880) he has charge of the First Baptist church, 
Peoria, 111. During his service at Ypsilanti the 
membership of the church increased from 200 to 
300, and at Bloomington from 300 to 500. His work 
in Chicago was in a time of great financial and 
spiritual depression, and though equally faithful, 
showed less of immediate result. Dr. Hewitt has 
always been active and interested in the general 
work of the denomination. In Michigan he was an 
influential member of the Board of State Missions, 
and one of the trustees of Kalamazoo College. In 
Illinois he has held like positions, especially as con- 
nected with the State missions and with the theo- 
logical seminary ; an ardent Sunday-school man ; 
also for several years president and secretary of 
the State Sunday-School Association. 

Hick, Col. J. M., was born in 1831, in West 
Virginia ; was bred to the law ; a member of the 
secession convention of Virginia in 1861 ; com- 
manded a regiment at- Cheat Mountain, and was 
captured there ; was baptized in Raleigh, N. C, by 
Dr. T. H. Pritchard, in March, 1864 ; was president 
of the Baptist State Convention in 1875 ; was for 
several years chairman of the Sunday-School Board ; 
is a trustee and a liberal benefactor of Wake Forest 
College, he and J. G. Williams, of Raleigh, having 
presented a building, known as the Library Build- 
ing, to the college, which cost §10,000. 

Hickman, David H., was born in Bourbon Co.^ 
Ky., Nov. 11, 1821. He died June 25, 1869. His 
father was a pioneer, having moved to Missouri 
in 1822. David was educated at Bonne Femme 
Academy. He was of studious habits, and for a 
time he was a teacher. He was delicate, but very 
energetic and successful. He was converted at 
seventeen, and united with the Bonne Femme 
church, and died in its membership. Mr. Hick- 
man had no taste for public life, yet he served in 
the State Legislature of Missouri, and was moder- 
ator of the General Association when young. He 
framed the law for the common-school system of the 
State, which was adopted by the Legislature. He 
loved his home, and he was devoted to the church, 
in which he was a wise counselor and useful mem- 
ber. He was eminently successful in business, and 
gave $10,000 to Stephen College, of Columbia. He 
remembered in his will the poor of Bonne Femme 
and Columbia churches. Over the departing couch 
of David Hickman a voice from heaven said, 
"Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord." 

Hickman, Col. H. H., for many years a deacon 
of the First Baptist church at Augusta, Ga., was 
born in Elbert Co., Ga., in 1818. He removed to 
34 



Augusta when nineteen years of age. He was 
baptized in 1841, after a profession of faith, by 
Dr. William T. Brantly, Jr., then pastor of the 
church. Developing business talent early, he was 
admitted to membership in the firm, which was for 
many years known as that of Cress & Hickman. 
On the retirement of his partner, Mr. Hickman con- 
tinued the business with uniform success until the 
close of the war between the States, although, like 
a host of others, he was injured financially to a 
serious extent. But after the return of peace his 
sagacity, his integrity, and his energy soon restored 
all that was lost. He became president of the 
Graniteville Manufacturing Company and of the 
Bank of Augusta, and was eminently successful in 
both of these positions. 

Mr. Hickman was elected deacon of the Augusta 
(Greene Street) church more than twenty years 
ago, in which capacity he has served with great 
fidelity, always manifesting a deep interest in the 
welfare of the church, aiding it by his prayers, his 
counsels, and his substance. In the city with which 
he has been identified for more than forty years he 
has the highest standing as a business man of in- 
telligent views and trustworthy character. 

Hickman, Rev. "William, one of the most famous 

of the pioneer Baptist ministers in Kentucky, was 
born in King and Queen Co., Va., Feb. 4, 1747. He 
was by early training an Episcopalian, and enter- 
tained great contempt for the Baptists. During 
a sermon by the renowned John Waller, in 1770, he 
was deeply impressed. After struggling with his 
sins and his prejudices about three years, he ob- 
tained peace in Christ and was baptized by Reuben 
Ford, in April, 1773. At this time he lived in 
Cumberland County. There being few preachers 
in that region, he, with others, established prayer- 
meetings. In February, 1776, he started to Ken- 
tucky, and arriving at Harrodsburg, he remained 
several weeks, and during the time, though not 
licensed, he attempted on one occasion to preach. 
Upon his return home to Virginia he was soon set 
apart for the ministry, and spent several years as 
a preacher in his native State. In 1784 he removed 
to Fayette Co., Ky., where he preached with great 
zeal and activity in the surrounding settlements. 
In 1788 he changed his residence to what is now 
Franklin County. Here, in the same year, he 
formed the Forks of Elkhorn church, and was 
chosen the pastor. From this place he made 
preaching tours among the settlers, often attended 
by a guard of soldiers to protect him from the In- 
dians. The new churches he formed were watched 
over and nurtured until they grew strong and thesav- 
ages were driven from the country. He was greatly 
blessed in his ministry. A contemporary sup- 
poses that in his day he " baptized more people than 
any other minister in Kentucky." He probably 



HICKSON 



HILL 



formed more churches than even the famous Lewis 
Craig. He " baptized over 500 during one winter." 
He died suddenly in 1830. His son William was 
long pastor of South Benson church, and Hickman 
Co., Ky., was named after his son, Col. Paschal 
Hickman, who fell in the battle of the river Raisin. 

Hickson, Rev. Edward, A.M., was born Oct. 
13, 1824, at New Bandon, County Gloucester, New 
Brunswick, and was converted when quite young. 
He was baptized at Wolfville, Nova Scotia, in 1855. 
He graduated from Acadia College in June, 1860. 
He was ordained as pastor of the North Esk church. 
New Brunswick, July 27, 1862, where he labored 
successfully for ten years. He was pastor at St. 
George, New Brunswick, and is now in charge of 
a church at Carleton, St. John. 

Hiden, J. C, D.D,, is a young man of uncommon 
native powers. To enjoy his conversation is a treat, 
and to hear him lecture, a feast. Born at Orange 
Court-House, Va., Nov. 5, 1837, he spent three 
years in the Virginia Military Institute as a cadet, 
graduating in July, 1857. Elected as Professor of 
Ancient Languages in the Chesapeake Female Col- 
lege of Vii-ginia when nineteen, he occupied that 
chair one year, and then entered the University of 
Virginia, where he spent two years, pursuing a 
wider range of study. He was ordained at Orange 
Court-House, Va., in 1859, and served the Hills- 
borough Baptist church, Albermarle Co., as pastor 
during the last year he spent at the univer- 
sity. During 1860 and 1861 he taught a private 
school at Orange Court-House, then entered the Con- 
federate army as chaplain, and served throughout 
the war. Afterwards he taught school at Orange 
Court-House, and at Staunton ; in 1866 he was 
elected pastor of the Fourth Street Baptist church, 
Portsmouth, serving two years, when he was called 
to the care of the Wilmington, N. C, First Baptist 
church, which he served for more than sis years. 
In March, 1875, he was called by the Greenville 
church, of South Carolina, which call he accepted. 
He is well read, a superior preacher, and a fine 
scholar. He possesses great physical strength and 
powers of endurance, and yet those who know him 
best would rather meet him in the field than on the 
platform or forum. His mother is a niece of Jas. 
Barbour, who was governor of Virginia, U. S. Sen- 
ator, Secretary of War, and minister to England, 
and she is a sister of Philip P. Barbour, who was 
a member of Congress and justice of the U. S. 
Supreme Court. She is still living. Dr. Hiden 
has a fine fund of anecdotes, and tells them remark- 
ably well. As a speaker, he is clear, vigorous, origi- 
nal, unique. He is a true and noble man, and 
those who know him best love him most. Still 
young, of good constitution, an ardent student and 
full of energy, he may naturally expect to attain 
a high degree of distinction. 



Higgins, Rev. George, was born at Marcus 
Hook, Pa., Dec. 16, 1798 ; baptized in Spruce Street 
church, Philadelphia, in 1817 ; ordained in Read- 
ing, February, 1829. He was among the first mis- 
sionaries in the service of the State Convention, 
now called the General Association, and had for 
his field the Schuylkill Valley, but soon after 
labored chiefly on the West Branch of the Susque- 
hanna. The writer bears pleasant witness to his 
untiring zeal and fidelity during the ten j'ears of 
service in this region. In this space of time he 
baptized nearly 500 converts, mostly gathered from 
regions where Baptist sentiments were unknown 
and opposition was strong. Several churches, now 
enjoying comparative strength, were planted by 
his labors, while other existing churches were much 
enlarged. In 1859 he returned to Philadelphia, 
and aided materially in founding the Calvary 
church in 1841. Here also his memory is fragrant. 
In 1850 he settled as pastor of the Montgomery 
church, Montgomery Co., Pa., and closed a useful 
and honored life March 9, 1869, in his seventy- 
sixth year. During his ministry he baptized nearly 
1500 persons. 

No discouragements dampened his ardor ; he met 
all opposition with calmness. His blameless life 
disarmed adverse criticism of much of its force, and, 
though necessarily involved in frequent discussions 
during his missionary career, he never lost control 
of his temper. In argument he was clear and 
scholarly ; in preaching, plain and simple. Even 
opponents were compelled to respect him, while 
friends loved him with great warmth. 

Higgins, Rev. John S., was born in New 
Jersey, Dec. 29, 1789. His early life was spent in 
Ohio, and in Woodford Co., Ky. In 1813 he was 
converted and joined a Baptist church. In 1815 
he removed to Lincoln Co., Ky., where he was or- 
dained to the ministry, and became the stated 
preacher of McCormack's, Hanging Fork, and 
Forks of Dix River churches. He assisted in form- 
ing the Baptist church in Danville, Ky., and was 
for a time its pastor. He was active in the benevo- 
lent enterprises of his denomination, and eminently 
successful as a minister. He died in 1872. 

Hill, Benjamin H., D.B., was born in Newport, 
R. I., April 5, 1793 ; studied in Newport Academy 
and at the University of Pennsylvania; took two 
courses of medical lectures; converted and baptized 
in Thompson, Conn., in 1812 ; licensed Feb. 5, 1815 ; 
preached two years in Leicester, Mass. ; in 1818 
was ordained pastor of Baptist church in Stafford, 
Conn. ; was engaged for Connecticut Baptist Mis- 
sionary Society ; in 1821 settled with the First 
Baptist church in New Haven and was prospered ; 
in 1830 took charge of the First Baptist church in. 
Troy, N. Y. ; in 1840 was chosen secretary of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society, and 



HILL 



HILL 



served with remarkable success till 1862 ; in 1865 
removed to New Haven, Conn., from which he was 
recently translated to the skies ; received the de- 
gree of D.D. from Madison University in 1852 ; 
wise in judgment and in speech; a true man in 
the faith. 

Hill, President David J., son of the Rev. Dan- 
iel T. Hill, was born at Plainfield, N. J., June 10, 




PRESIDENT DAVID J. HILL. 

1850. Received his early education in the public 
schools of Glen's Falls, N. Y., and Plainfield, N. J., 
and at the academy at Deckertown, N. J. Pre- 
pared for college at Suffield, Conn., and Coopers- 
town, N. Y. "While at Cooperstown, in 1867-68, 
began writing for the press, the contributions con- 
sisting of short sketches and poems and a biog- 
raphy of Gen. U. S. Grant, in six numbers of five 
columns each. In April, 1870, was baptized by 
his father at Pauling, N. Y., and united with the 
church. In August of the same year entered the 
university at Lewisburg as a Freshman. Took the 
first "Lung Prize for Oratory" in 1873, and on 
graduating, in 1874, delivered the valedictory ad- 
dresses, the first honor of the class. Was at once 
called to the pastorate of the Baptist church of 
Madison, Wis., but declined, accepting a call as 
tutor in Ancient Languages in the university at 
Lewisburg. At the close of the collegiate year 
1874^75, Mr. Hill was appointed instructor in 
Rhetoric in the university, and in 1877, Crozer 
Professor of Rhetoric. At the same time he 
published, through Sheldon & Co., of New York, 
"The Science of Rhetoric," an advanced text-book 



for colleges, which was at once adopted in the Uni- 
versity of Michigan, Vassar College, and other first- 
class institutions. At the request of Sheldon & 
Co., Prof. Hill prepared " The Elements of Rhet- 
oric," for schools of lower grade, which is now used 
in every State of the Union. In 1879, Prof. Hill 
began a series of brief biographies of American 
authors, .similar toMorley's "English Men of Let- 
ters." Two volumes, on Irving and Bryant, re- 
spectively, were issued by Sheldon & Co., and were 
widely accepted and highly praised. The prepara- 
tion of this series was interrupted by his election 
to the presidency of the university at Lewisburg, 
in March, 1879, to succeed the Rev. Justin R. 
Loomis, LL.D., the position which he now occu- 
pies. Since his election to the presidency Pres- 
ident Hill has confined his pen to lectures, ser- 
mons, and review articles. He has an engagement 
with Sheldon & Co. to prepare an elementary work 
on Logic as soon as his duties permit. President 
Hill, though quite young, is one of the ablest men 
in the Baptist denomination, with unusual pros- 
pects before him. 

Hill, Rev. Noah, was born in Yirginia, June 
11, 1811 ; educated at Mercer University, Pentield, 
Ga. ; commenced preaching in 1838 ; came to Texas 
in 1846, and prosecuted faithfully the work of the 
ministry at Brazoria, Matagorda, Wharton, and 
Brenham until 1869, when he was called away to 
his eternal home. He was a preacher of imposing 
personal appearance, and ably presented and en- 
forced the great doctrines of the gospel. Few men 
in Texas labored under more difficulties and with 
more success. 

HiU, Rev. Reuben Coleman, M.D., is one of 
the most distinguished and successful Baptists in 
Oregon. Born in Kentucky, March 27, 1808, of 
Baptist parents ; baptized in 1833 ; ordained as 
deacon and licensed to preach by the Clear Creek 
church in 1835 ; ordained in 1845. He removed to 
Keetsville, Mo., in 1846 ; organized the church 
there, and increased its membership to 100. In 
1851 he removed to Oregon ; located at Albany, 
where he still resides ; organized the Cowallis and 
Albany churches; was pastor of one church eigh- 
teen years, of the Albany church eleven years, and 
has served other churches shorter periods. He has 
baptized 1014 converts, among them six whole 
households. He is a physician as well as preacher ; 
is liberal in his gifts ; a member of all Baptist mis- 
sionary, educational, and Bible organizations in 
the State, and has served two terms as a member 
of the Oregon Legislature. 

Hill, R. J., M.D., was born in Ashland Co., O., 
June 15, 1836. He was educated at Vermilion In- 
stitute and Granville College. He was teacher and 
pupil till he closed his course. In 1859 he began 
a course of medical study with Drs. Rupert and 



HILL 5 

Thompson, of Mount Vernon, and gradu.ited at the 
Starling Medical College, Columbus, 0. In 1862 
he became surgeon of the 45th Ohio Regiment of 
Volunteers ; was captured in Tennessee by Gen. 
Longstreet in 1863 ; spent a month in Libby 
Prison ; was exchanged November 20, and, after a 
brief visit home, re-entered the army, and remained 
till the end of the war. Came to St. Louis in 1866, 
where he has acquired an extensive practice and a 
flattering reputation. He is now president of the 
Public School Board of St. Louis. He was for 
years a deacon in the Baptist church in Green 
Town, 0., and he is now a consistent and useful 
member of the Second Baptist church of St. Louis, 
Mo. 

Hill, Stephen P., D.D., was born in Salem, 
Mass., April 17, 1806, and received his early edu- 




STEPHEN P. HILL, D.D. 

cation at the Salem High School. His parents and 
all his family connections were Unitarians. About 
the age of fourteen, casually entering a Baptist 
church, he heard a sermon from the venerable 
Father Grafton, of Newton, on the unbelief of the 
Apostle Thomas, -which was instrumental in his 
conversion. He was baptized by the Rev. Lucius 
BoUes in June, 1821, being then about fifteen. At 
the age of twelve young Hill had entered the law- 
office of the Hon. David Cummins, but desiring a 
more active life, he was occupied for a while in 
mercantile pursuits. But his heart was in the 
work of the ministry. He began preaching at the 
early age of seventeen, and, in connection with the 
Rev. G. D. Boardman, then a student at Andover, 



4 HILL 

he frequently preached for the colored people. 
Wishing to prepare himself more thoroughly for 
his life-work, he entered Wnterville College in 
1825, and in 1827 removed to Brown University, 
graduating in 1829. During his winter vacations 
he was engaged in teaching. He entered the theo- 
logical seminary at Newton, and finished his course 
in 1832, at which time he was ordained as pastor 
of the First Baptist church in Haverhill, Mass. 
His connection with it, though pleasant, was short ; 
he removed to a warmer climate in consequence of 
a threatened pulmonary complaint. He passed the 
winter of 1833-34 near Charleston, S. C., and, at 
the urgent request of Dr. Basil Manly, supplied 
the pulpit of the church in Georgetown in that 
State. On his return to the North, he was taken 
sick in Baltimore, and on his recovery he was in- 
vited to become pastor of the First Baptist church 
in that city, which position he accepted. His min- 
istry here was long-continued and successful, the 
membership having increased during the first eight 
years of his pastorate from 80 to nearly 600. A 
Sunday-school numbering upwards of 500 was 
gathered, and several auxiliary schools organized 
in various parts of the city. After seventeen years 
of fruitful labor in this field, Dr. Hill removed to 
Washington, D. C, and took charge of the First 
Baptist church, in which relation he continued, 
greatly prospered, until 1861, when he resigned. 
Since that time he has had no regular charge, but 
has frequently preached to feeble congregations 
unable to support pastors. He has also taken a 
deep interest in the welfare and progress of the 
colored Baptist churches, often preaching for them, 
and always ready to give them encouragement and 
counsel. Dr. Hill has also added to the literature 
of the denomination. He is the author of several 
prize monographs, — one on " The Theatre," one 
on " The Church," etc., and has also published, 
among other works, an essay on " The Best Plan 
of an International Tribunal for Peace." He has 
also written some poetry, — "The Unlimited Pro- 
gression of Mind," which was delivered before the 
literary societies of Brown University at the com- 
mencement in 1839 ; on " The Problem of Truth," 
delivered before the societies of Madison University 
in 1859 ; and on " The Triumphs of the Gospel," 
delivered before the Knowles Society of the New- 
ton Theological Seminary in 1839. He has also 
written a number of shorter poems, published in 
various papers and periodicals. But few men are 
more familiar with the history of hymnology, and 
his refined taste in this department of literatun' 
led to his selection as one of the committee which 
had charge of the preparation of the hymn-book 
so extensively used at one time, — " The Psalmist." 
Dr. Hill is also the author of a collection of hymns 
under the title of " Christian Melodies," as well as 



HILL 



525 



HILLSMAN 



of several small works for the young, — " Time, the 
Price of Wisdom," "The Youth's Monitor," and 
a " Comprehensive Catechism." He is an active 
member of the board of trustees of the Columbian 
University, and deeply interested in its welfare. 
Mrs. Hill is a sister of W. W. Corcoran, LL.D., 
the well-known and generous benefactor of so 
many good causes. 

Hill, Rev. Thomas, was born Sept. 12, 1797. 
He was converted in 1822, and was ordained in 
1825. He was the first missionary for Southern 
Indiana appointed by the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society. He served it and the Indiana 
State Convention thirteen years. He was pastor 
of the Coffee Creek church thirty years, and he was 
moderator of the Coffee Creek Association thirty- 
nine years. He was a strong thinker and an elo- 
quent preacher. Hundreds have been led to Christ 
by his ministry. He died March 27, 1876. 

HiUman, Walter, LL.D., a distinguished edu- 
cator in Mississippi, was born on Martha's Vine- 
yard, Mass., in 1829. After a preparatory course at 
the Connecticut Literary Institution and Worcester 
Academy, he entered Brown University in 1849. 
While in it he spent one year in teaching as sub- 
principal of Worcester Academy and as classical 
instructor in Pierce Academy. He graduated in 
1854 with the degree of A.M., and was immedi- 
ately elected Professor of Mathematics and Natural 
Philosophy in Mississippi College, at Clinton. In 
1856 he became principal of Central Female In- 
stitute in the same town, — a connection he has re- 
tained until the present. During this time he also 
held the presidency of Mississippi College for six 
years. Under his administration these institutions 
greatly prospered. Ordained to the ministry in 
1858, ho has since occasionally preached. 

Hillman, William, was born in the city of New 
York, Nov. 21, 1794, and died April 14, 1864. In 
his nineteenth year he was converted and baptized 
into the fellowship of the First Baptist church by 
the pastor. Rev. William Parkinson. For more 
than fifty years he was a member of that church. 
While a young man he was elected one of its 
deacons, and its honored pastors, Wm. Parkinson, 
Spencer H. Cone, A. Kingman Nott, and Thomas 
D. Anderson found him a safe adviser, an efficient 
helper, and a liberal supporter of the church and 
all the great' evangelizing enterprises of the Baptist 
denomination. AVith Dr. Cone he entered heartily 
into the work of the American Bible Union. He 
was one of the eighteen men who on a stormy day 
met in Deacon Wm. Colgate's parlor and took pre- 
liminary measures for its organization. He paid 
the first hundred dollars into its treasury to make 
his pastor a life-director. He possessed a strong 
faith in God, was a man of ardent piety, and left 
this world by a death remarkable for its peaceful, 



joyful, triumphant demonstration of Christian vic- 
tory. 

Hillsman, Matthew, D.D., was born in Ten- 
nessee, near the town of Knoxville, Aug. 7, 1814. 




With the exception of two years in Talladega, 
Ala., he has spent all his life in his native State. 
Mr. Hillsman was converted at the age of nine- 
teen, and was ordained in 1835. For many years 
he supplied Baptist pulpits in a number of cities 
and towns in Tennessee. Among his successful 
pastorates was the one with the church at Mur- 
freesborough, from which there were sent out as 
foreign missionaries Dr. Burton, T. P. Crawford, 
and Rev. Mr. Gilliard. For one year he was pres- 
ident of Mossy Creek College, and subsequently 
for years corresponding secretary of the Bible 
Board of the Southern Baptist Convention. In 
1862 he became pastor of the church at Trenton, 
Tenn., where he still resides, ministering to it and 
preaching with great acceptance in the surrounding 
country. As president of the board of the West 
Tennessee Baptist Convention, and sometimes pres- 
ident of the Convention itself, he has done much to 
promote its efficiency. A trustee of the Southern 
Baptist Theological Seminary, he was one of the 
committee who selected Louisville as its location ; 
and he was also on the committee Avhich presented a 
plan for the organization of the Southwestern Bap- 
tist University. For more than forty years he has 
been intimately connected with the educational, 
missionary, and benevolent enterprises of Tennes- 
see, and he has always been zealous in aiding the 



HILLYER 



52G 



HIKCKLEr 



Domestic and Foreign Boards of the Southern Bap- 
tist Convention. Dr. Hillsman presides well over 
deliberative bodies, and is frequently called upon 
to act in that capacity, and is now the moderator 
of the Central Association. As a preacher he is 
widely known, and has great influence in all parts 
of Tennessee. As a teacher, editor, or pastor, he 
has been identified with all the great Baptist move- 
ments with credit to himself and honor to the de- 
nomination. No man has the confidence of his 
brethren more completely or stands higher in their 
estimation. In his sermons he is sound in doctrine, 
clear in exposition, and powerful in appeal, and 
entirely free from sensationalism. His style is 
plain, practical, and direct, his best efforts being 
those of his regular service. The degree of Doctor 
of Divinity was conferred on him by the Union 
University. He is at present one of the editors of 
the Nashville Reflector. 

Hillyer, Rev. John F., LL.D., was born May 25, 
1805, in Wilkes Co., Ga. ; educated at Uniyersity 
of Georgia and Georgia Medical College; prac- 
tised medicine two years ; professed religion in 
1825, and soon thereafter commenced preaching; 
was connected as a professor with Mercer Univer- 
sity, Penfield, Ga., from 1835 to 1839 ; preached and 
taught at Eatonton until 1847, when he became 
pastor of the Galveston Baptist church, Texas ; 
was successful in establishing Gonzales College, 
of which he was first president. From 1860 to 
1865 M'as Professor of Mathematics and Natural 
Philosophy in Baylor University. From the last- 
named institution he received the degree of LL.D. ; 
was at the organization of the Georgia Baptist State 
Convention, the Southern Baptist Convention, and 
the Texas Baptist State Convention ; has preached 
fifty-three years ; is a brother of Rev. S. G. Hillyer, 
D.D., and Hon. Junius Hillyer, late member of 
Congress from Georgia; was chaplain of Texas 
house of representatives two sessions, and minis- 
ters now to two or three churches regularly. He 
has been a successful preacher and teacher, and 
always a hard worker. 

Hillyer, Shaler G., D.D., president of Monroe 
Female College, Forsyth, Ga., stands among the 
first Baptist preachers and scholars of the State. 
For nearly fifty years he has been thoroughly iden- 
tified with both the secular and religious affairs of 
the Baptists of Georgia, and he is universally rec- 
ognized as a man of great ability, high culture, and 
deep piety, and of eloquence far above ordinary. He 
was born June 20,. 1809, in Wilkes County, and was 
educated at the State University, graduating with 
the class of 1829. He united with the Baptist 
church at Athens in 1831, and was ordained in 1835. 
During his long life he has been the pastor of 
Baptist churches in all parts of the State, — at 
Athens, Milledgeville, Macon, Madison, Forsyth, 



White Plains, Rome, Penfield, Crawfordville, Cass 
Spring, Albany, and various other places ; and his 
piety, zeal, amiability, scholarship, pulpit ability, 
and theological learning have united in making 
him both useful and successful. As a sermonizer 
and orator he has very few, if any, superiors in the 
State, for to a noble and dignified style, amounting 
often to striking eloquence, he unites a strong cui-- 
rent of manly thought, arranged in a systematic 
train most attractive to cultivated minds. He wiis 
tutor in the State University during the year 1834, 
and Professor of Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres in 
Mercer University from January, 1847, to May, 
1856. From September, 1859, to May, 1862, he 
was Professor of Theology in the same institution, 
and in both these positions he sustained himself 
with marked ability. When- the war broke up 
Mercer University temporai-ily, his professorship 
ceased, and as it has never been re-established, his 
connection with Mercer University has not been 
resumed. He and Prof. Asbury, after the war, 
took charge of the Monroe Female College, at For- 
syth, Ga., where he now resides. He is president 
of the college and pastor of the Forsyth church. 

Dr. Hillyer is a devoted Christian, pure in heart, 
unselfish, confiding, and faithful. As a preacher, 
his sermons move the heart and excite the sensi- 
bilities. He is a guileless man, and stands high 
in the Christian confidence of his brethren. 

Himes, Rev. Palmer C, was born in Clarendon, 
Vt., April 3, 1804. He was hopefully converted at 
the age of fifteen, and was baptized Dec. 19, 1824, 
by Rev. John Spaulding, and united with the 
Berkshire, Vt., Baptist church. He commenced 
preaching in Sheldon, and the seal of the divine 
blessing at once rested upon his labors. After 
preaching for a time, he went to the Madison 
Theological Institution, pursuing his studies a lit- 
tle less than two years. He was ordained at Enos- 
burg in March, 1833. He labored as a minister of 
the gospel for forty-two years, in Vermont, New 
Hampshire, and Maine. It has been estimated 
that not far from one thousand persons were con- 
verted under his ministry. He died at Enosburg, 
Vt., March 5, 1871. 

Hinckley, Rev. Abel R., was born in Liver- 
more, Me., Dec. 24, 1809. He was converted in 1831, 
and joined the Baptist church in Augusta. He was 
licensed to preach by that church in 1832. Soon 
afterwards he began a course of study, spending 
some time in Waterville College, Newton, and 
New Hampton. Sept. 14, 1834, he was ordained 
by the Swanzey church, N. H.. during the session 
of the Dublin Association, and shortly afterwards 
moved to Lawrenceburg, Ind. He was called to 
the pastorate of the Sparta church in 1836.^ After 
a few months he received a call from the church at 
Fra'hklin, and his great interest in the " Manual 



HINTON 



527 



HINTON 



Labor Institute," then lately started, led him to ac- 
cept it. He removed to Franklin in November, 
1837. The church had no house of worship. 
Under his leadership it built a large, commodious 
edifice, and the membership rapidly increased. In 
July, 1842, he had a second attack of hemorrhage 
of the lungs, which obliged him to cease public 
labor. He died in the following September. He 
was for five consecutive years secretary of the 
State Convention. His efforts for the promotion 
of the institute were untiring. One of the present 
deacons of the Franklin church says that he was 
the best and purest man he ever knew. 

He published in pamphlet form a series of letters 
on "Baptism," in reply to a sermon preached by 
Dr. Monfort, of the Franklin Presbyterian church. 
This pamphlet was extensively circulated and well 
received, and produced a good result in the State. 

He was Indiana editor of the Banner and Pioneer, 
published at Louisville, Ky. He spent much of his 
time in planning for the enlargement of the Re- 
deemer's kingdom among Indiana Baptists. 

Hinton, Rev. Isaac Taylor, was born in Ox- 
ford, England, July 4, 1799. In 1821 he was bap- 
tized by his father. He sailed from London for 
Philadelphia, April 9, 1832. In June, 1833, he 
took the oversight of the First Baptist church of 
Richmond, Va. In 1835 he took charge of the 
First Baptist church of Chicago, then in its in- 
fancy. In 1841 he accepted a call to the Second 
church in St. Louis, Mo. In Decemljer, 1844, he 
received an invitation from the Baptists of New 
Orleans to labor in that city, and immediately re- 
moved to this new field. He was instrumental in 
building a church edifice for them, which was 
opened in February, 1846, and in greatly increasing 
their numbers, so much so that it was planned by 
the pastor and his people to erect a larger structure 
in the autumn of 1847. He died of yellow fever on 
the 28th of August, ]847. 

Mr. Hinton was the author of a "History of 
Baptism," and of " Prophecies of Daniel and John, 
illustrated by the Events of History." 

The churches over which Mr. Hinton presided, 
without exception, prospered, and he was instru- 
mental in forming other churches in localities near 
these seats (cathedrae) of his ministry. 

In fourteen years of his life in America he made 
a name as widely known as our country, and his 
memory is fragrant still in the land of his adop- 
tion. Like the saintly "Wilson, a recent martyr, in 
the same city, by the same plague, Mr. Hinton left 
a numerous family. He possessed a remarkable 
amount of historical information and of Biblical 
knowledge, and he had a deep experience of the 
love of Christ. 

He was invited to the presidency of Alton Col- 
lege, 111., and he was justly regarded as one of the 



purest and most learned and talented ministers in 
the denomination. 

Hinton, Rev. John Howard, M.A., was the son 
of the Rev. James Hinton, pastor of the Baptist 
church at Oxford, England, and was born in that 
city March 24, 1791. His father conducted a private 
school for many years with much credit and suc- 
cess, and was well known as an able and scholarly 
minister. Not a few men of bi-illiant reputation 
were educated by him. His mother was of the 
fomous family of the Taylors, being the daughter 
of the eminent engraver, Isaac Taylor, the first of 
five in lineal descent of that name. Among Mr. 
Isaac Taylors friends was John Howard, the phi- 
lanthropist, and when he was about to take his last 
journey abroad, he said to his friend's daughter, "I 
have now no son of my own : if ever you have one, 
pray call him after me." Mrs. Hinton possessed 
much of the family ability, and her influence upon 
her eldest son, whom she named John Howard, de- 
termined him to devote himself to the ministry. 
At first he studied medicine, but when he was in 
his twentieth year, having been called by the 
church to exercise his gifts in the ministry, he was 
entered at Bristol College, then under the presi- 
dency of Dr. Ryland. Here he studied for two 
years, and proceeded to Edinburgh University in 
1813. He had received an excellent scholastic 
training with his father's pupils at home, and the 
curriculum of the celebrated Scottish university, 
together with the theological studies of Bristol Col- 
lege, gave him a very complete furnishing for the 
work of his life. He took theM.A. degree at Edin- 
burgh at the close of the third year of the academical 
course, and after preaching for some time in various 
places, he accepted a call to the Baptist church in 
Haverford-West, Pembrokeshire, and preached his 
first sermon there on May 19, 1816. After five 
years' ministry at Haverford-West, he removed to 
Reading, and in this more advantageous position 
he found scope for his great talents, and became 
prominent in the denomination. His native ability 
and very superior culture gave him a leading place 
among the foremost Non-conformist ministers in 
all public movements. In 1837 he entered upon 
the pastorate of the ancient church in Devonshire 
Square, Bishopsgate Street, in the very heart of 
London. In denominational work he was ever 
foremost. The Baptist Union, of which for many 
years he was the indefatigable secretary, would 
have miserably perished but for his persistence 
and faith in its utility as a means of securing de- 
nominational unity. In the operations of the Bap- 
tist Missionary Society he had taken the liveliest; 
interest in his youthful days, when Andrew Fuller 
and other founders of the mission used to come to 
Oxford to confer with his father and pray together 
for divine direction. After coming to London he 



HINTON 



528 



HISCOX 



bore an influential part in the counsels of the Mis- 
sionary Committee, and threw himself heart and 
soul into the enterprise of William Knibb to render 
the Jamaica Baptist chui'ches self-supporting. His 
life of Knibb gives a lively and stirring presenta- 
tion of the work and its claims upon Christian 
benevolence. For a quarter of a century, without 
any abatement of energy, he pursued these mani- 
fold labors, and all the while he was busy with his 
pen on theological and kindred topics suggested in 
the course of events. He entered warmly into con- 
troversies in which the fundamental truths of re- 
ligion were assailed, and he enjoyed the remarkable 
experience of being suspected of heterodoxy in his 
youth for the maintenance of opinions which in 
his old age pi-ocured him the highest reputation for 
orthodoxy. He could boast that it was not he who 
had changed his sentiments. His collected works, 
published by himself, on his retirement from his 
London pastorate in 1863, form seven volumes. 
His intimate friend, the Rev. C. M. Blrrell, says of 
his works, that " thousands could tell the tale of re- 
covery from infidelity ; of increased reverence for the 
authority of the Word of God ;• of the dispersion of 
sluggish formalism, and the creation of a vivid and 
vital realization of admitted truths, which had come 
to them through his penetrating and awakening 
pen." His figure was of commanding height, and 
his countenance was singularly calm and thought- 
ful. An admirable portrait of him hangs in the 
board room of the Baptist Missionary Society. He 
was "instant in prayer," steadfastly preserving the 
habits of devotion in the midst of exciting and ab- 
sorbing public labors. During the last four or five 
years of his life his bodily powers gently and 
steadily diminished, until at last he fell asleep in 
Jesus in perfect peace, and with unclouded mind, 
on Dec. 22, 1873, aged eighty-two. As a preacher 
he excelled in analysis and exposition. His ser- 
mons were pre-eminently instructive, rich in argu- 
ment, wrought in the fire of a fervid evangelical 
zeal for the salvation of men. Besides his col- 
lected works, in seven volumes, he edited the Eng- 
lish edition of Dr. Wayland's " Principles and 
Practices of Baptists," Rev. Isaac Taylor Hinton's 
work on the " Histoi-y of Baptism." He con- 
tributed several works to general literature, the 
most popular being the biography of William 
Knibb. In early life he published a work on the 
"History and Topography of the United States, 
from their First Discovery and Colonization to 
1826," which was completed in 1832, and favorably 
received on both sides of the Atlantic. Later edi- 
.tions have been published in England and in Amer- 
ica. His pamphlets on the voluntary principle and 
other stirring public questions were characterized 
by incisive force, with peculiar accuracy and lucid- 
ity of statement. 



Hintou, James, M.D., eldest son of the Rev. 
John Howard Hinton, was for many years a dis- 
tinguished London physician, and published sev- 
eral valuable works, some of which were widely 
known, — '' The Mystery of Pain," "Man and his 
Dwelling-Place," " Life in Nature," etc. Dr. Hin- 
ton was baptized by his father in early life, and his 
writings are marked by a devout, reverent spirit, 
as well as high intelligence. His death, in London, 
was recently announced. 

Hires, Rev. Allen J., was bom in Bridgeton, 
N. J., Sept. 26, 1822. At the age of sixteen years 
he was baptized into the fellowship of the Baptist 
church in that town. After a course of study pre- 
paratory to the work of the gospel ministry he was 
ordained when twenty-five years old, and became 
pastor of the Vincent church, Chester Co., Pa. 
From his ordination up to the present time his life 
has been devoted to labor for the salvation of men 
and for the upbuilding of the cause of Christ. His 
pastoral relations have been, in addition to the above- 
named place, at Glen Run, Chester Co., Pa. ; Jer- 
sey Shore, Lycoming Co., Pa. ; Woodstown, N. J. ; 
Cape May Court-House, N. J. ; and with the Second 
church, Baltimore, Md. For four years he was 
also district secretary of the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society in Pennsylvania and New 
Jersey. Mr. Hires has been greatly honored of 
God in his ministry. 

Hiscox, Edward T., D.D., was born in West- 
erly, R. I., Aug. 24, 1814. His mother was a mem- 
ber of the Society of Friends, and his father was a 
Seventh-Day Baptist. One of his ancestors, Rev. 
William Hiscox, was the first pastor of the first 
Seventh-Day church in America. In September, 
1834, he was baptized by Rev. Flood Shurtleff, and 
became a member of the First Baptist church of 
Wakefield, R. I. He was graduated from Madison 
University in 1843, and in 1844 he accepted the 
pastorate of the First Baptist church of Westerly, 
R. I. During his three years of labor there the 
church had a rapid growth, built a spacious house 
of worship, and became one of the ablest churches 
in the State. In 1847 he took charge of the Cen- 
tral church, in Norwich, Conn., where, during five 
years, his labors were greatly blessed. In 1852 he 
accepted a call to Stanton Street church. New York. 
He remained there several years, during which 
about four hundred were added to the church, 
chiefly by baptism. At the pi-esent time he is 
pastor at Mount Vernon, N. Y., laboring with his 
usual vigor and success. He is an able preacher 
and a proliflc writer. He is the author of " The 
Baptist Church Directory," a manual of Baptist 
Church order and polity, 30,000 copies of which 
have been sold. It has been translated into six 
foreign languages, and is generally used by our 
foreign missionaries ; also, " The Baptist Short 



HISTORICAL SOCIETY 



HOBBS 



Method," an examination of the characteristic 
features of the Baptists as distinguished from 
other denominations of Christians ; " The Star 
Book for Ministers," a manual for ministers of all 
denominations ; " The Star Book of Christian Bap- 
tism," a manual in reference to this ordinance. He 
is about to bring out " The Star Book on the Lord's 
Supper," "The Star Book on Baptist Councils," 
and a large volume on the mutual relations and 
responsibilities of pastors and churches, entitled 
" Pastor and People." 

Historical Society, The American Baptist. 

— At the annual meeting of the American Bap- 
tist Publication Society, held May 4, 1853, in the 
Spruce Street Baptist church, Philadelphia, a spe- 
cial meeting was called for the next evening to or- 
ganize a "Historical Department" in connection 
with the Publication Society. The motion to con- 
vene the meeting was made by John M. Peck, D.D., 
and the mover, together wjth Hon. H. G. Jones and 
Henry E. Lincoln, were appointed a committee to 
report a plan of organization. At the meeting of 
the Publication Society, on Thursday evening, the 
committee reported a constitution, which was unan- 
imously adopted, establishing a national society, to 
be called " The American Baptist Historical So- 
ciety," and they gave it " a separate and permanent 
form," and required " its officers to be elected by the 
Publication Society." William R. Williams, D.D., 
was its first president. " The objects of the society 
were to collect and preserve all manuscripts, docu- 
ments, and books relating to Baptist history," etc. 

The society made progress in various directions, 
but rather slowly until 1860, when the late Dr. 
Malcom became its president. Ardently attached 
to its objects, and free from public duties, he gave 
his entire time to the increase of its treasures, and 
in a few years its library was enriched by thousands 
of volumes, many of them of priceless value to our 
denominational history. 

In 1861 the society was incorporated under a 
new constitution, which gives it as the constituency 
to elect its officers and board, not the Baptist Pub- 
lication Society, " but all persons who pay ten dol- 
lars or more towards its objects." The secretary 
of the Publication Society and the president and 
secretary of its board of managers are ex officio 
members of the board of the Historical Society. 

Constant accessions are made to the library, to 
the increase of which all the funds donated to the 
society are devoted. 

The Historical Society has at least six thousand 
volumes, among which there are many rare works 
by the Baptist writers of other days, — books which 
it would be difficult, if not impossible, to replace ; 
and it also has the writings of many Pedobaptists 
assailing our peculiarities. It needs financial sup- 
port to secure the literary treasures which are fre- 



quently within its reach, and it should receive it 
liberally. 

It is believed that the society should have a warm 
place in the hearts of our entire denomination, and 
that it should speedily be furnished with a fire-proof 
building to protect its invaluable collection of books 
and other treasures. 

Rev. William Cathcart, D.D., is the president of 
the society. Rev. Job H. Chambers, secretary, and 
H. E. Lincoln, Esq., librarian and treasurer. 

Hobart, I. N., D.D., for over ten years con- 
nected with the direction of State missions in Illi- 
nois, was born in Lyme, N. H., Feb. 20, 1812. His 
conversion took place July 4, 1831, and his bap- 
tism in August of the same year. In 1834 he was 
licensed, and on Aug. 12, 1841, he was ordained 
as pastor of the church at Radnor, Pa., Rev. Elon 
Galusha preaching the sermon. He remained pas- 
tor at Radnor nearly six years, returning to New 
England with impaired health in 1847, and for 
about two years remaining without pastoral charge. 
Jan. 1, 1849, he became pastor of the church at 
North Oxford, Mass., where he labored between 
three and four years, when he accepted the pastor- 
ate of the church at Bristol, R. I. Here his health 
failed again, and in 1855 he removed to St. Lawrence 
Co., N. Y. From Jan. 1, 1856, to Oct. 1, 1868, he 
labored in that State. At the last date he was ap- 
pointed by the Home Mission Society to take charge 
of its work in Illinois. In the year following the 
society and the Illinois Baptist General Association 
adopted the co-operative plan in State missions, and 
Dr. Hobart was chosen superintendent of missions 
for that State. When the co-operative plan was 
discontinued he was appointed district secretary for 
the States of Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin. At the 
earnest solicitation of the Board of the General As- 
sociation he decided to remain in the superintend- 
ence of its missions, and to this post has been elected 
from year to year to the present time (1880), con- 
ducting the Baptist missions of the State with 
marked self-devotion and administrative ability. 

Hobbs, Smith M., M.D., an eminent physician 
of Mount Washington, Ky., was born in Nelson 
County in 1823. His early education was under 
the superintendence of Noble Butler, A.M., a well- 
known author, and was completed at St. Joseph's 
College, at Bardstown. He graduated at the Ken- 
tucky School of Medicine in 1852, and inunediately 
commenced practice at Mount Washington. He is 
a gentleman of fine culture and a close student, a 
man of tireless energy, and has performed an in- 
credible amount of professional labor. He was a 
member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1868, and 
was the author of a bill which largely increased the 
common-school fund of the State, and of a report 
in favor of "prohibiting the marriage of first cous- 
ins." In 1876 he was one of the two commissioners 



HOB GOOD 



330 



HODGE 



appointed to superintend the interest of Kentucky 
in the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. He 




■<> \;,\ 



SMITH M. UOBBS, M.D. 

became a Baptist early in life, and is a liberal con- 
tributor to Baptist enterprises. 

Hobgood, Prof. F. P., was born in Granville 
Co., N. C, in 1846; was prepared by James H. 
Horner for college ; graduated from Wake Forest 
College in 1869 ; taught an academy at Reidsville, 
N. C. ; came to Raleigh and took the position of 
his fatherin-law. Dr. Royall, as principal of a fe- 
male college, which he conducted successfully until 
1880, when he removed his school to Oxford, N. C. 

Hodge, James L., D.D., son of Rev. William 
and Elizabeth Hodge, was born in Aberdeen, Scot- 
land, in 1812, and at the age of twelve accompanied 
his parents to America. In 1831 he became a 
member of the First Baptist church of Hartford. 
In 1835, after graduating at the Literary Institu- 
tion, Suffield, he was ordained pastor of the First 
Baptist church of that town. He was subsequently 
called to the First Baptist church in Brooklyn, 
which proved to be one of the longest and most 
successful settlements of his life. In the midst of 
his prosperity he was impressed Avith the impor- 
tance of founding a church in the upper part of the 
city, on Washington Avenue. After a pastorate 
of some years with the new interest, which was 
crowned with success, Dr. Hodge was induced to 
settle in Newark, N. J. In 1864, after an absence 
of eight years, he was called to his present highly 
successful pastorate with the Mariners' church. 
New York. During his long experience as a min- 



ister. Dr. Hodge has been regarded as an eloquent 
champion of Scriptural truth, and has been espe- 
cially fitted for the performance of his duties by his 
tender sympathies, magnetic nature, and analytical 
powers. In 1848 he was made D.D. by Madison 
University. 

Hodge, Marvin Grow, D.D., was born in Hard- 
wick, Vt., in 1822; educated at Derby Academy; 
ordained at Charleston in 1843, where he began his 
ministry. Subsequently he was settled at Colches- 
ter and Hinesburg, Stillwater and Brooklyn, N. Y., 
Kalamazoo, Mich., Beaver Dam, Janesville, and 
Milwaukee, Wis. At the last place he now re- 
sides, and is the pastor of the First Baptist church 
in that city. His pastorates at Hanson Place, 
Brooklyn, N. Y., Janesville, Wis., and Kalamazoo, 
Mich,, were nearly seven years each. At Janes- 
ville he was very successful. He added not only 
large numbers to the church, but led the church to 
erect the finest Baptist meeting-house in the State. 
He left it a large, intelligent, and influential body. 
The church in Milwaukee is strengthening itself 
under his ministrations and entering upon a new 
era of usefulness. Dr. Hodge was one year district 
secretary of the New York Baptist Convention, 
and district secretary of the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society for New England two years. 
He received the honorary degree of A.M. from the 
University of Vermont in 1849, the like honor from 




MARVIN GROW HODGE, D.D. 

the University of Rochester in 1864, and the title 
of D.D. fi-om the University of Chicago in 1867. 
Tie excels as an expository preacher. His sermons 



HOD GEN 



HO L COMBE 



are nearly all clear expositions of the divine Word. 
Theologically exact and Scriptural, always thor- 
oughly prepared with the riches of a ripe Christian 
experience, he brings to his people in his pulpit 
ministrations a gospel feast. His people love to 
see him in the pulpit. They are sure to be in- 
structed. As the result, he indoctrinates his con- 
gregations and builds them up. Few congregations 
are better instructed in the doctrines of the Word 
of God than the churches at Janesville and Kala- 
mazoo during his ministry over them. As a pas- 
tor. Dr. Hodge is wise, sympathetic, knows his 
people thoroughly, is their recognized leader and 
guide, and feeds his flock like a shepherd, gathering 
the lambs in his arms and carrying them in his 
bosom. With his fine abilities as a preacher,' his 
decided executive talents, and excellent gifts for 
pastoral labor, he has for many years been regarded 
as one of the ablest of Christian ministers. In the 
State where he now resides, and where ten years 
of his life have been spent, he is known as a good 
man and a faithful herald of Jesus Christ, "watch- 
ing for souls." 

Hodgen, Rev. Isaac, " in some respects one of 
the most brilliant preachers of Kentucky,"' was the 
son of Robert Ilodgen, a distinguished citizen and 
a leading Baptist among the first settlers of Ken- 
tucky. He was boi-n in La Rue County about 
1780, became a member of Severn's Valley church 
in 1802, and vras licensed to preach at Nolin church 
in 1804. In 1805 he removed to Green County and 
united with Mount Gilead church, where he re- 
ceived ordination the same year. He devoted most 
of the energies of his life to the work of an evan- 
gelist, though he was stated preacher for several 
churches at difierent periods. He traveled and 
preached almost unceasingly, and multitudes were 
turned to the Lord wherever he labored. In 1817, 
accompanied by William Warder, he made a tour 
as far as Philadelphia, returning through Virginia. 
They traveled the entire distance on horseback, and 
preached almost every night. It was estimated 
that " over 600 were baptized who were awakened 
under their preaching in Virginia." Mr. Hodgen 
continued in this cpurse of tireless zeal and energy 
till the Lord called him home in the maturity of 
his manhood, in 1826. 

Hodges, Rev. Cyrus Whitman, was born in 

Leicester, Vt., July 9, 1802; became a Christian, 
and united with the Congregational church in Sal- 
isbury, Vt., in July, 1821. Within a few months, 
finding his views more in harmony with those of 
the Baptists, he joined the Baptist church in Bran- 
don, and was licensed by them to preach in 1822. 
He was ordained at Chester, N. Y., in 1824, and 
remained there three yeai-s. ' His other pastorates 
were Arlington, Shaftsbury, and Springfield, Vt., 
Westport, N. Y., Bennington, and finally Bristol, 



Vt. In each of these places he rendered good ser- 
vice to the cause of his Master. He died April 4, 
1851. 

Holcombe, Henry, D.D. — Among those who 
took an active and beneficial part in shaping the 
destinies of tlie Baptist denomination in tiie State 
of Georgia was Henry Holcombe. Born in Prince 
Edward Co., Va., he moved to South Carolina, with 
his father. Grimes Holcombe, in early life. He 
was a captain of cavalry in the Revolutionary war, 
and, at the age of twenty-two, while in command 
of his company, was hopefully converted to God. 
He began at once to proclaim the unsearchable 
riches of Christ, making his first addi-ess on horse- 
back, at the head of his command. He soon be- 
came distinguished as a preacher, and met with 
extraordinary success in his work. He was pastor 
of the Baptist church in Beaufort and other places 
in South Carolina until 1799, when he was invited 
to Savannah as " supply" to what is now known as 
the Independent Presbyterian church of that city, 
which then occupied the Baptist house of worship, 
having leased it for a number of years. In Novem- 
ber of 1800 he, with his wife and ten others, united 
in organizing and constituting the First Baptist 
church of Savannah, which still exists. He betame 
the pastor, soon gathered a large congregation, to 
which he ministered until 1811, when he accepted 
a call to Philadelphia. As pastor of the First Bap- 
tist church he preached in Philadelphia until his 
death, in 1824. 

The degree of A.M. was conferred on him in 
early life by Columbia College, S. C, and the de- 
gree of Doctor of Divinity, which meant far more 
then than it does now, was conferred on him in 
1810 by Brown University, R. I. 

Dr. Holcombe never took any part in politics, 
but when quite a young man he was a member of 
the convention in South Carolina which ratified 
and adopted the Constitution of the United States. 
Several points in his life are worthy of mention: 

1. He baptized the first white person ever im- 
mersed in the city of Savannah. 

2. He was the originator of the penitentiary 
system of Georgia, in lieu of death, for ordinary 
crimes. 

3. He was the founder of the Savannah Female 
Orphan Asylum, and wrote its constitution. 

4. He publislied the first religious periodical in 
the Southern States, and one among the first in the 
United States, — a magazine called the Analytical 
Repository, — it was begun in May, 1802. 

5. He was one of the Baptist ministers who met 
by appointment at Powelton, Ga., in Maj', 1802, 
and originated the "General Committee," which 
was the germ of the Georgia Baptist Convention. 

6. He was the main instrument in the founda- 
tion of Mount Enon Academy, near the line of 



HOLCOMBE 



53: 



HOLDER 



Burke County, — a Baptist institution of learning, 
unfortunately located, but which prosper.ed as long 
as Dr. Holcoinbe resided in Georgia. This was the 
first institution of the kind in the South estab- 
lished under the influence of Baptists, and it was 
the precursor of Mercer University. 

Dr. Holcombe was a man of wide information 
iind elegant culture. He was a great reasoner, 
mighty in the Scriptures, and a born orator. His 
bearing was dignified, his manners graceful, his 
presence commanding, and he had great personal 
magnetism. In its softer tones his voice was gen- 
tle and persuasive ; at other times it was full of 
power and majesty. A man of very tender feel- 
ings and sympathetic nature, he was, indeed, a 
" son of consolation" to the poor, the widows, and 
the orphans, many of whom have been heard to 
speak with tears of his gentle ministrations a whole 
generation after his death. He condescended to 
men of low estate, was a friend to the friendless 
and the outcast, and would take to his home and to 
his bosom those who were spurned by society. On 
the very day when a man was put to death on the 
gallows in Savannah, his children were gathered 
together at Dr. Holcombe's house, — the abode of 
sympathy and love, — where they were cared for, 
comforted, counseled, and cherished with more 
than fatherly tenderness. 

With these almost womanly qualities Dr. Hol- 
combe's character possessed another side. He was 
a bold, brave man, immovably stern when occasion 
required, and at times imperial if not imperious in 
his bearing, and these qualities, in a man of hercu- 
lean physique and of immense intellectual and moral 
momentum, inspired awe and even fear in the 
minds of many. He was a man of warm impulses, 
and, it is said, "liberal to a fault," lavishing his 
means with an almost reckless generosity. Add to 
all this wonderful preaching ability, intense zeal, 
and enthusiasm in the cause of Christ, and it need 
excite no wonder that he made a deep impress upon 
the State, and that his presence was felt as that of 
a great power. He died calmly, in possession of 
all his mental faculties, and fully aware of his ap- 
proaching end ; and the concourse of people attend- 
ing his funeral was such, it is said, as was never 
before seen in Philadelphia. Dr. Holcombe was 
six feet and two inches in height. 

Holcombe, Rev. Hosea, a native of North Caro- 
lina, was born about the year 1780. For some years 
a minister in upper South Carolina, he settled in 
Jefferson Co., Ala., early in the history of the State. 
Was unquestionably a leader in projecting the 
plans of the early Baptists of the State, taking a 
bold and aggressive part in everything that looked 
to the elevation of the Baptist cause, or to the prog- 
ress of Baptist principles. Organized nearly all the 
churches for many miles around where he lived, 



and established them on a sound basis ; and traveled 
and preached over a large part of the State ; went 
to Associations far and near, and was universally 
regarded as able to guide them ; was six years 
president of the State Convention ; more than any 
other man in the State he withstood the anti-mis- 
sionaries ; was in the strength of his ministerial in- 
fluence when the anti-missionaries were doing their 
work of mischief among Alabama Baptists. He 
was the man for the times, and performed his work 
well. One of the foundei-s of our State Convention, 
and a most earnest advocate for the establishment 
of good schools by the denomination, and for minis- 
terial education. He was an able minister of the 
New Testament, doctrinal and argumentative in 
preaching, clear and forcible in delivery, mighty 
in the Scriptures, a noble and impressive person, 
commanding respect and veneration everywhere; 
though not so great a man, he holds a position in 
the history of Alabama Baptists not unlike that 
of Dr. Mercer among the brethren of Georgia. He 
wrote a number of controversial pamphlets, com- 
piled a hymn-book, and a history of the Baptists 
in Alabama, — a work of 375 pages, which brings 
its history down to the year 1840. He passed his 
ministry as pastor of a number of chui-ches, and 
as a missionary evangelist. He died in 1841 at his 
home, and was buried on his farm, near Jonesbor- 
ough. Two of his sons became Baptist ministers. 

Holcombe, Rev. William H., a minister in 

Northeast Mississippi, distinguished for eloquence 
and piety, was born in Alabama in 1812. He began 
to preach very young ; came to Mississippi at an 
early day ; successfully filled the pastorate at Co- 
lumbus, Aberdeen, Okalona, and at Pontoloc and 
Ripley. He died in 1867. 

Holden, Rev. Charles Horace, of Modesto, 

Cal., is a young and most prominent Baptist pastor. 
He was bom in West Milford, Va., Aug. 23, 1853 ; 
educated, converted, and baptized in Webster, W. 
Va. ; removed to California; ordained in July, 1879, 
and became pastor at Modesto, where the baptism 
of converts, the awakened interest in the gospel, 
and other tokens of divine favor give great promise 
of increasing usefulness and power in connection 
with his ministry. 

Holden, Charles N., was born at Fort Coving- 
ton, N. Y., May 13, 1816, of parents who had emi- 
grated to that place from New Hampshire, and 
were among the earlier settlers of Northern New 
York. His father, W. C. Holden, an energetic and 
patriotic man, was present and participated in 
the battle of Plattsburg, so important among the 
battles of the war of 1812-15. At twenty years 
of age, Charles N. Holden, the eldest son, having 
received such education as the opportunities of a 
new country afford. — though these were well im- 
proved, — engaged in teaching. Deciding at length 



HOLDER 



HOLLINS 



to try his fortunes in the new West, Mr. Holden, 
in 1837, removed to Chicaj^o. After a little time 
spent upon the farm of his uncle, P. H. Holden, 
in Will County, he returned to Chicago in the foil 
of the year just named, and in the spring of the 
following year began business as a lumber-dealer, 
afterwards as a grocer. In 1852, retiring from the 
business in which he had been so long engaged, he 
entered that of insurance and real estate ; was one 
of those wlio organized the Firemen's Insurance 
Company, holding in that company the office of 
secretary ; subsequently being elected treasurer of 
the Firemen's Benevolent Association, in which ser- 
vice he still remains. Mr. Holden has been called 
to repeated offices of trust, — as alderman, as com- 
missioner of taxes for the city of Chicago, as city 
treasurer, and in other posts of important public 
service. Converted in early life, Mr. Holden has 
been during many years a valued and useful mem- 
ber of the Baptist denomination. In Chicago his 
church connection has been with what is now the 
Second church, always one of its most trusted and 
efficient members. He was also during many years 
a trustee of the university, and was one of those 
who laid the foundations of the theological semi- 
nary at Cliicago. To no one man is it more due 
that the financial affairs of that institution have 
been always so judiciously guided, while his own 
donations to its funds have been ready and liberal. 
Held in high esteem by his fellow-citizens during 
his whole career, he has especially been remark- 
able for his firm, consistent, and useful course as a 
Christian, a friend of reform, and a worker in every 
good cause. 

Holden, Gov. W. W., was born in Orange Co., 
N. C, in November, 1818 ; learned the printer's 
trade; settled in Raleigh in 1836 ; was foreman of 
the Raleigh Star office four yeai-s, during which 
time he read law, and was licensed to practise 1st 
January, 1841. Became proprietor and editor of the 
Standard in 1843, which he conducted with dis- 
tinguished ability for twenty-five years. He was a 
member of the House of Commons from Wake 
County in 1846 ; w.as several times State printer ; 
was for seven years a member of the State Literary 
Board ; elected a trustee of the State University in 
1856 ; served several years as one of the board of 
directors of the insane asylum and the institution 
for the deaf and dumb ; was a member from Wake 
County in the secession convention of 1861 ; was 
provisional governor of North Carolina for seven 
months in 1865, having been appointed by President 
Johnson ; was elected governor of North Carolina 
in 1868 by a large majority, and served two years 
and six months, when he was impeached by the 
State Legislature ; was oflered the mission to San 
Salvador by President Johnson, and that to Peru 
by President Grant, both of which he declined. 



Gov. Holden professed faith in Christ in De- 
cember, 1870, at a meeting held by Rev. A. B. 
Earle, in Raleigh, and was baptized by Dr. T. H. 
Pritchard, pastor of the First Baptist church of 
that city. He has been an active and useful church 
member, and has a Bible-class of young men in the 
Sabbath-school, which numbers 40 members. He 
has been the postmaster of Raleigh for six years. 

Hollins Institute, Botetourt Springs, Va.— 
About the year 1841, the Rev. Joshua Bradly, of 
New York, went to Virginia. He was a Baptist 
minister, and enthusiastic on the subject of educa- 
tion. At this time Botetourt Springs, now the seat 
of Hollins Institute, was for sale, and Mr. Bradly 
at once conceived the plan of purchasing it for 
school purposes. Without a dollar in his possession 
he contracted for the purchase of the property, re- 
lying upon his own tact and energy to secure the 
necessary funds. He opened a school for boys and 
girls with the purpose of supplying the neighbor- 
ing districts with good teachers. There was a large 
attendance of pupils, but financial and other troubles 
soon arising, he resigned at the end of a year and 
left the State. Before his departure he had formed 
an organization under the title of " The Valley 
Union Education Society of Virginia," which after- 
wards procured a charter as a joint-stock company, 
and continued the school. The Rev. George Pearcy, 
late missionary to China, and now deceased, was 
elected principal, and continued such for several 
years with varying success. Mr. Pearcy, about to 
leave for China, urged Mr. Cocke to take charge 
of the school, which, relinquishing his position in 
Richmond College, he consented to do on the fol- 
lowing terms : that he would advance a sum suffi- 
cient to save the property from immediate sale ; he 
should be both principal and steward of the school, 
becoming responsible for all salaries of teachers 
whom he might employ ; and the society should 
furnish premises and buildings, but should be sub- 
jected to no liabilities whatever beyond the cost 
and repair of the premises. Mr. Cocke found the 
grounds and everything on them in a most unat- 
tractive condition, but by his untiring energy they 
were soon made to present a beautiful appearance. 
He opened the school, and thefirstyear the number 
of pupils was small, but soon there was not room 
enough for all the applicants. Finding that the 
education of young men and young women to- 
gether, and their living in the same building, was 
not desirable, Mr. Cocke advised the discontinuance 
of one class ; and as there was no chartered school 
in Virginia for young ladies, he counseled the con- 
tinuance of the school as an institute of high grade 
for that sex, and in 1852 the change took place. 
The session of 1852-53 of the newly organized 
school for girls alone opened with cheering pros- 
pects. Soon the rooms of the institution were filled, 



EOLLIS 



HOLLIS 



and so great was the success, and so marked the 
interest in female education throughout the South, 
that there speedily rose into being Hampton Fe- 
male College, Richmond Female Institute, Albe- 
marle Female Institute, Warrenton Female Insti- 
tute, and Danville Female College, all under the 
patronage of the Baptists, and a like number started 
liy other denominations. In the year 1855, Mr. 
John Hollins, of Lynchburg, Va., at the suggestion 
of his wife, a pious Baptist lady, proposed to the 
company that if they would relinquish their stock 
he would give as much as all their shares aggre- 
gated, and place the institution in the hands of a 
self-perpetuating board of trustees. The proposi- 
tion was accepted, and the amount given by Mr. 
Hollins was $5000, which in a few years was sup- 
plemented by a public subscription amounting to 
$10,000, Mr. Cocke acting as agent during vacation, 
and giving his services gratuitously. After Mr. 
Hollins's death his widow continued her donations, 
the whole amount from the Hollins family being 
about $19,000. AVith this assistance, Prof. Cocke 
managed to remove all the old buildings of the in- 
stitute, which at this time, under the new charter, 
assumed the name of " Hollins Institute," and as 
such had perpetual succession. Handsome build- 
ings were erected adapted to the wants of a school 
for young ladies, and the institution placed upon a 
new and higher career of usefulness. The exer- 
cises were continued throughout the long and weary 
years of the war, with an overflowing patronage, 
being the only institution in the State that pre- 
served its organization during that terrible period 
of conflict and blood. Subsequent to the war the 
Virginia patronage diminished in consequence of 
the universal financial distress, but this loss was 
more than repaired by patronage from other States. 
Prof. Cocke's accomplished wife and daughters have 
been most efficient co-laborers with him in giving 
success to all departments of the institute, and they 
are highly appreciated by the public. The course 
of instruction is thorough and complete, and its 
certificates and diplomas are eagerly sought for. 
There are in the institute seven schools, — 1. The 
English Language and Literature ; 2. Ancient 
Languages and Literature; 3. Modern Languages 
and Literature : 4. Mathematics ; 5. N.atural Sci- 
ence ; 6. Mental and Moral Science ; 7. History. 
These schools constitute the collegiate department, 
besides which there is a normal department and 
an ornamental department. The faculty embraces 
fourteen experienced instructors. 

Hollis Family, The. — Vice is often hereditary, 
and benevolence frequently descends from father 
to son ; it remained in the Hollis family for gener- 
ations, and we trust that it flourishes among the 
descendants of such worthy forefathers to-day. 

Thomas Hollis was for more than sixty years a 



member of the church in Pinner's Hall, London. 
He was a man of unbounded liberality to benevo- 
lent and religious enterprises. Like many other 
persons who give away great sums, he systemat- 
ically subjected his personal expenditures to the 
most rigid economy, that he might make larger 
donations to cherished objects. He died in Sep- 
tember, 1718. 

His son Thomas was baptized in 1680, when he 
was twenty years of age, and in gifts to sustain and 
extend education and religion he was the most prom- 
inent man of his day. He was a sagacious and suc- 
cessful merchant of London, who traded and toiled 
to make money that his resources might assist every 
noble cause. 

He sent over a library of valuable theological 
books to the Philadelphia Baptist Association, 
which for many years was exceedingly useful to 
our fathers in the ministry. " The Assembly's 
Annotations on the Scriptures," a commentary in 
two folio volumes, now in possession of the Amer- 
ican Baptist Historical Society, is supposed to have 
been one of the works given to the first Baptist As- 
sociation in America. It bears his name, evidently 
in his own handwriting, and the date 1721. 

Thomas and his brother John gave the Baptist 
church of Boston, Mass., £135 for repairing their 
meeting-house. Thomas Hollis founded a professor- 
ship of Theology in Harvard University, with a sal- 
ary of £80 per annum, and an " exhibition" of £10 
each per annum to ten scholars of good chai-acter, 
four of whom should be Baptists, if there were such 
persons there, and £10 a year to the college treas- 
urer for his trouble, and £10 more to supply acci- 
dental losses or to increase the number of students. 
According to the charter, at the time Mr. Hollis 
made these gifts to Harvard the ministers of Boston 
(Congregational) were part of the overseers of the 
college, and when Mr. Hollis proposed the Rev. 
Elisha Callender, pastor of the Baptist church of 
Boston, as a fit person to have a seat in the board 
of overseers, Mr. Callender was refused the position, 
evidently because he was a Baptist. Isaac Backus 
gives this statement without expressing any doubt 
of its correctness, and he names his authority. 

Six years after his first donation he founded a 
professorship of Mathematics and Experimental 
Philosophy in Harvard, with a salary of £80 a 
year, and he gave an apparatus for the professor 
which cost about £150, and he sent books for the 
library. Until that time, no man, according to 
Isaac Backus, who examined the records, had been 
so liberal to Harvard as this eminent Baptist. Mr. 
Hollis died in 1731. Prof. Wigglesworth, in a dis- 
course which he published on the death of Mr. 
Hollis, says, " By his frequent and ample benefac- 
tions, for the encouragement of theological as well 
as human knowledge among us, who are Christians 



HOLLIS 



535 



HOLMAN 



of a different denomination from himself, he hath 
set such an example of generous, catholic, and 
Christian spirit as hath never before fallen within 
my observation, nor, as far as I now remember, 
within my reading." We had no college in Amer- 
ica at this period, and like a true Baptist, Mr. 
Ilollis showed himself the friend of light. 

The donations of this family of Baptists continued 
to enrich Harvard for nearly a century, and ex- 
ceeded £6000. If the money was properly in- 
vested, it must to-day be worth many times more 
than $30,000. 

We know nothing of the way by which these 
funds for Baptist students have been appropriated; 
for the honor of old Harvard we trust that the 
requisite number of Baptist students have regu- 
larly received the £10 per annum which Mr. Hollis 
left them. But we fear if the godly Calvinist, 
Thomas Hollis, heard the divinity taught in Har- 
vard now he would bitterly regret his well-meant 
generosity. In a letter to Elder Wheaton, of 
Swanzey, Thomas Hollis writes: "God, that hath 
shined into our hearts by his gospel, can lead your 
sleeping Sabbatarians from the Sinai covenant and 
the law of ceremonies into the light of the new 
covenant and the grace thereof. I pity to see pro- 
fessors drawing back to the law, and desire to re- 
member that our standing is by grace." 

Hollis, Rev. J. A., was a native of South Caro- 
lina, but of English parentage. He was born in 
1824.- He graduated at Georgetown College, and 
subsequently entered the ministry in Mississippi. 
He removed to Missouri in 1844, and resTded in 
that State till the time of his death, in 1870. He 
was pastor of several churches, and became presi- 
dent of Stephen Female College, at Columbia, in 
1865, and held the office till his decease. He was 
a man of learning and ability, of eminent piety and 
noble characteristics, possessing a rare talent for 
the instruction of the young. He ended a labori- 
ous and useful life without a stain upon his memory. 
The institution, the church, and the community 
felt his loss deeply. His name will long live in 
the hearts of thousands. 

Holman, Deacon James Sanders, a prominent 
and influential Baptist, died in Polk Co., Oregon, 
Jan. 14, 1880. He was born in Tennessee, Nov. 
28, 1813; he moved to Oregon in 1847. He was 
baptized at Turnedge, Mo., at sixteen, and was for 
many years a deacon of that church. He was the 
first president of the Oregon Baptist Education 
Society, and a charter-member of McMinnville 
College. He was sheriff of Polk County several 
terms, and served two years in the Oregon Legisla- 
ture. He carried his religion into public life, was 
honored by all, and spoken of by men as " the 
peace-maker." He was one of the first to plant the 
Baptist banner on the Pacific coast, and was fixith- 



ful to God and his country until death called him 
to his rest. 

Holman, Judge Jesse L., was bom in Mercer 
Co., Ky., Oct. 22, 1783. He learned his letters 
while very young, and in his childhood was a daily 
reader of the Bible. He recollected a sermon that 
he heard when he was only four years old. He 
joined the Clear Creek Baptist church in his seven- 
teenth year. After completing his studies he was 
admitted to the bar in New Castle, and afterwards 
practised in Frankfort. He, like his father, was an 
emancipationist, and he decided to remove north 
across the Ohio, and accordingly, in 1811, he passed 
over the river, and settled on a romantic bluff that 
he called Verdestan, and this was his home for the 
remainder of his life. When he removed to Verde- 
stan the whole country was a wilderness, and In- 
dians were roaming everywhere. At the time of 
his removal to Indiana he received from Gov. Hiir- 
rison commissions for district attorney of the State 
for the counties of Dearborn and Jefferson. In 
1814 he was elected a member of the house of repre- 
sentatives of the Territorial Legislature, and was 
chosen president by a unanimous vote. Near the 
close of the same year he was appointed the pre- 
siding judge of the district in which he lived, and 
in 1816, under the State government, he was ap- 
pointed presiding judge in the second and third 
districts, and in the same year was chosen one of 
the electors of the President and Vice-President of 
the United States. In December, 1816, he was ap- 
pointed judge of the Supreme Court of the State, 
which office he filled with great acceptance for four- 
teen years. In 1831 he was a candidate for the 
United States Senate, and was defeated by one vote. 
In 1835 he received the appointment of judge of the 
United States district for Indiana, which office he 
filled with singular ability till his death. He was 
a constituent member of the Laughery church. 
He also aided in gathering the Aurora church, 
and was a liberal giver to all worthy causes. In 
1834 he was ordained, and thus entered upon a 
work that his soul longed to engage in. So unsul- 
lied was his public as well as his private life that 
men were always glad to hear him preach. While 
traveling the judicial circuit it was no unusual 
thing for him to address his fellow-citizens on Bible 
operations, missions. Sabbath-schools, general edu- 
cation, and temperance. So consistent and earnest 
was his life that there seemed no incongruity, but 
rather a singular harmony in his two offices of 
judge and minister. He was a leader in the organ- 
ization of a Sabbath-school association in his own 
county. He took particular interest in the distri- 
bution of religious books and tracts. He was for 
many years vice-president of the American Sunday- 
School Union, and was president of the Western 
Baptist Publication and Sunday-School Society. 



HOLM AN 



536 



HOLME 



Mr. Holman was a warm and consistent friend 
of missions. Indeed, it may be said that in that 
time, when the gifts to missions were small in In- 
diana, a circuit of churches, of which Aurora may 
be said to be the centre, was the headquarters for 
missions. During the agency both of Dr. Bennett 
and Dr. Stevens, this portion of the State was al- 
ways represented in donations. The Holmans, the 
Ferrises, the Hinckleys, the Dows, and others never 
refused or neglected to give. Judge Holman was 
for five years president of the Indiana State Con- 
vention. He was also from the first a member of 
the Indiana Baptist Education Society, and during 
several years was president of the board of trustees. 
His constitution was naturally feeble, and an attack 
of pleurisy caused his death, March 28, 1842. He 
knew that he must die, and expressed perfect con- 
fidence in the pardon and love and power of the 
Master. 

Holman, Rev. John W., M.D., was born in 

Canaan, Me., in 1805 ; converted in 1818 ; studied 
at Waterville; ordained in 1824 in the Christian 
denomination ; preached in Eastern Maine, New 
Brunswick, Philadelphia, and Boston ; in latter city 
joined the Free-Will Baptists, and preached fifteen 
years ; united with the regular Baptists at Mystic 
River, Conn. ; settled with First Baptist church in 
Norwich, Conn., and with various churches in New 
York and Maine, with Franklin church, Mass., and 
finally with Thii-d Baptist church in North Stoning- 
ton. Conn. ; in forty-nine years preached over 5000 
sermons and organized II churches ; was withal a 
poet, a painter, and a physician ; a man of rare 
talents and great labor ; left some interesting poet- 
ical and exegetical papers ; while pastor in North 
Stonington was prostrated by sickness, and died 
May 16, 1873, aged sixty-eight years. All his four 
sons are Baptist ministers. 

Holman, Russell, D.D., was born in "Warwick, 
Mass., Aug. 14, 1812. The instruction and integ- 
rity of his parents gave him those virtues which 
made him a pure, conscientious man in after-life. 
He graduated at Brown University. He removed 
to Kentucky in 1839, and became pastor of two 
churches in Green County. Weak in body, he 
served there till 1842. He was ordained July 29, 
1840. He performed missionary work in addition 
to his pastoral labor in these two churches. 

In 1842 he went to New Orleans, and finding no 
Baptist church there, with great zeal, and against 
much opposition, he established what is now called 
the Coliseum Baptist church of New Orleans. In 
1845 he was elected secretary of the Home Mission 
department of the Southern Baptist Convention. 
His skill and energy made the board efficient in 
home mission work. In 1851 he retired from this 
office from ill health, and left the work in the 
height of its prosperity. He became pastor till 



1856, and was re-elected to the secretaryship, and 
held the office till 1862. Ill health caused him 
again to resign. During the war he tenderly min- 
istered to the sick and wounded, and preached the 
gospel to them. Afterwards he was sent to collect 
the scattered flock of the Coliseum church in New 
Orleans. He succeeded in re-establishing the 
church six months after beginning his efforts. In 
1867 he went to Illinois, and labored there and in 
Kentucky and Missouri till 1876, when a severe 
stroke of paralysis put an end to his active toils. 
His zeal and heart kept warm for the cause, and 
he patiently submitted to his lot. Says Dr. Wm. 
H. Mcintosh, "As a preacher Dr. Holman was in- 
structive, sometimes eloquent. He accepted the 
doctrines of grace, and enforced them upon the 
consciences of his hearers. His life was in con- 
stant conformity to the rule and spirit of the gos- 
pel. His heart was tender to all. In his family 
he was loving and true." His last days were spent 
in Miami and Marshall, Mo. On Dec. 2, 1879, he 
went to his eternal rest after a few hours of illness. 

Holman, Judge William S., son of Hon. J. L. 
Holman, was born in Verdestan (now Aurora), 
Ind., Sept. 6, 1822. He had the advantages of the 
common schools and a partial course at Franklin 
College. Soon after he left college he was elected 
to the State Legislature. He was a member of the 
constitutional convention in 1850. He was elected 
judge of the Common Pleas, and served from 1852 
to 1856. He was elected to the Thirty-sixth Con- 
gress, and made chairman of Revolutionary Claims. 
He was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh and 
Thirty-eighth, and served with marked abilitj\ 
His untiring care for the expenses of the govern- 
ment has given him among the people the sobriquet 
" watch-dog of the treasury." He was elected 
again to the Fortieth Congress. He is a member 
of the Aurora Baptist church. He occupies the 
home of his father, — a beautiful spot on one of the 
hills on the Ohio River. No man has been so uni- 
formly popular in his district as Mr. Holman. 

Holme, Deacon George W., was a constituent 
member of the Baptist church at Holmesburg, and 
for thirty years one of its deacons. After a life 
of great usefulness, he died July 9, 1864, in his 
seventy-sixth year, in the house in which he was 
born. 

Holme, Judge John, was one of the early 
settlers in Pennsylvania. He is supposed to have 
been the first Baptist, of any prominence at least, 
in the colony. Mr. Holme appears in the affairs 
of the colony in 1685-86. Whether he arrived in 
the country at this time, or earlier, is uncertain. 

Mr. Holme is said to have been a native of 
Somersetshire, England, on what authority it is 
not known. He does not seem to have been a rela- 
tive of Thomas Holme, the surveyor-general, as 



HOLME 



537 



HOLME 



Tliomas Holme, in one of his letters, addresses 
him as " namesake" merely. John Holme brought 
with him to this country four sons, — John, Samuel, 
Ebenezer, and Benjamin. He came hither by 
way of the Barbadoes, where he resided some time, 
and was engaged in sugar-planting. That Mr. 
Holme was a man of wealth and social standing 
appears from many circumstances. It was he who 
gave one-half of the lot on which the First Baptist 
meeting-house was erected, on Second Street near 
Arch Street. His name appears with that of Gov. 
Markham, and two or three men of prominence in 
the colony, to a petition to the council to put the 
colony in a state of defense against the hostile In- 
dians, who, at the instigation of the French, were 
threatening it during the French and English war. 
His name is also found next t?o that of the mayor 
of the city as signer of a petition relative to " the 
cove at Blue Anchor, — that it should be laid out for 
a convenient harbor, to secure shipping against ice 
or other danger of the winter, and that no person 
for private gains or interests may incommode the 
public utility of a whole city." 

John Holme was appointed justice in the County 
Court in 1690 ; and he represented the city of 
Philadelphia in the Assembly of 1692. 

He married as his second wife, Mary, the widow 
of Nicholas More, the first chief justice of the 
colony, and president of the " Free Society of 
Traders of Pennsylvania." Chief-Justice More 
was a man of great legal acquirements and general 
learning. The closest friendship existed between 
him and John Holme. At the death of Judge 
More, Mr. Holme was made the executor of his 
estate and the guardian of his children. There is 
reason to believe that they had been acquainted 
before they came to this country, and if so, it would 
seem that they both came from Bristol. 

That John Holme was himself a man of more 
than ordinary culture appears from his library, 
which for an emigrant at that time was certainly 
remarkably large and well selected. It must have 
contained several hundred volumes. In his will 
John Holme bequeaths to his eldest son, John, 
several large folios,— Wilson's " Christian Diction- 
ary," Haak's "Dutch Annotations," and New- 
man's " Concordance." Besides these, there are still 
in possession of his descendants many books of 
great value that he owned, among which are Bax- 
ter's " Theology," Bunyan's works, a Baptist Con- 
fession of Faith (London, 1652), and the writings of 
many stalwart old Baptist worthies, such as " The 
Pulpit Guard Routed, by Thomas Collier, London, 
1652 ;" " The Foundations of the Font Discovered, 
by Henry Haggar, London, 1653 ;" " The Storm- 
ing of Antichrist in his Strongest Garrisons, Com- 
pulsion of Conscience and Infant Baptism, by 
Ch. Blackwood. Printed Anno 1644. Being one 
35 



of those years wherein Antichrist threatened the 
storming of the churches ;^^ "An Appeal for the 
Use of the Gospel Ordinances, by Henry Lawrence, 
Esq.," and the more generally known works of 
Hanserd Knollys and Benjamin Keath. Together 
with these are some controversial works of a more 
general character, such as " The Three Confor- 
mities, or the Harmony and Agreement of the 
Romish Church with Gentileism, Judaism, and the 
Ancient Heresies, by Francis De Croy G. Arth, 
London, 1620 ;" " A Large Examination taken at 
Lambeth, according to His Maiesties direction, 
taken point by point of M. George Blakwell, 
made Archbishop of England by Pope Clement 8, 
&c. Imprinted at London by Robert Barker, 
Printer to the Kings Most Excellent Maiestie, 
1607 ;" " Triplicinodo, triplix cuneus, or an 
Apologie for the Oath of Allegiance, &c. Im- 
printed at London by Robert Barker, Printer to 
the Kings Most Excellent Maiestie, 1609." This 
book is supposed to have been written by King 
James himself. Among the general philosophical 
works in Mr. Holme's library are Bacon's " Es- 
says," and among the devotional are works of 
Thomas Brooks, Thomas Vincent, and Thos. Doo- 
kitol, and others. But what is still more remark- 
able is that a copy of Milton's " Paradise Lost" is 
found among the books that belonged to him. Un- 
fortunately the title-page of this book is gone, but 
it is undoubtedly among the earliest editions of the 



If the character of -John Holme may be judged 
of from his books, he was a man of very much more 
than ordinary culture, for in the library of very few 
emigrants, in the seventeenth century certainly, were 
found the works of Lord Bacon, Baxter, Bunyan, 
and Milton. The writings of the last two mentioned 
were at that time scarcely known over half of Eng- 
land. No Macaulay had yet appeared to set forth 
their merits. We have from the pen of John 
Holme himself, in verse, a manuscript of some 20 
pages (published in 1848, in the Bulletin of the His- 
torical Society of Pennsylvania, vol. i. No. 13), en- 
titled " True Relation of the Flourishing State of 
Pennsylvania."* This is probably the first metrical 
composition written in the State, and though worth 
little as poetry, it is valuable historically, as one 
of the earliest and most extended and accurate ac- 
counts of the condition of the colony ; and as in it 
he avows himself a Baptist, it is a creditable testi- 
mony of an impartial witness to the general good 
government of the Quakers, and shows great fore- 
sight of the natural resources and coming greatness 
of the State of Penn.sylvania. 

But the incident which has given most interest 

* The original manuscript of this work is lost. It was loaned 
by the family at Holmesburg to a gentleman for exhibition to 
the Pennsylvania Historical Society, and has never been returned. 



HOLME 



538 



HOLMES 



and historic importance to John Holme is that he 
was one of the judges that presided at the trials of 
George Keith, William Bradford, and others, which 
may be considered the causes chlebre of the ad- 
ministration of William Penn, and so serious in 
their consequences to Penn in England and here, as 
to occasion for a time the loss of the governorship 
to the proprietary. Of the eight judges that sat 
upon the Iiench at these trials, six were Quakers, 
Lacey Cock, a Lutheran, and John Holme, a Bap- 
tist. George Keith, who was a man of great ability, 
and previous standing and influence among the 
Quakers, was charged with defaming the character 
of Thomas Lloyd, the president of the council, in 
phrases, such as calling him an '' impudent rascal," 
and saying " that his memory would stink," etc., 
of tending to encourage sedition and breach of the 
peace by his comments on the arrest of Babbit, a 
pirate, and also of aiming a blow at the proprie- 
tary's government. Judge Holme dissented from 
the majority of the bench on these chai-ges, and 
boldly expressed his views, and was tacitly sus- 
tained in them by Judge Cock. Mr. Holme main- 
tained that the whole affair was essentially a re- 
ligious dispute, pertaining to matters of doctrine 
and practice among the Quakers, and was not fit to 
be adjudicated by a civil tribunal ; that the arraign- 
ment was in eifect a religious persecution, and 
without justification in a colony that proclaimed 
religious liberty. He especially maintained that 
the exceptions of Keith to the jury, as prejudiced 
and not impartial, ought to be admitted. But in 
this also he was overruled by the majority of the 
bench. In the trial of William Bradford he was 
again a dissentient. Mr. Bradford was the first 
printer in the colony, and was arraigned for unlaw- 
fully printing the appeals and attacks of George 
Keith upon the Quakers. And a tailor was also put 
on trial for posting one of Mr. Keith's protests in 
his shop. In all these matters Judge Holme per- 
sistently dissented from the majority of the bench, 
and it is said actually resigned his office rather 
than seem to be made a party in any degree to what 
he regarded a case of religious persecution, and of 
the infringement of the liberty of the press. 

It is flattering to our denominational pride, that 
if you meet a Baptist you will find a friend both of 
religious liberty and the freedom of the press. It 
is not too much to say that in the person of Judge 
Holme, who stands as both the pioneer and the 
representative of the Baptists in this country, 
south of Rhode Island, is found a man of the 
broadest views, of a far-sighted state policy, of 
courage and patriotism and piety, a champion of 
religious liberty, even against the encroachments 
of the Quakers themselves, and the first fearless 
advocate of the freedom of the press, in his defense 
of William Bradford, the first printer of the colony. 



Judge Holme removed in the latter part of his 
life to Salem, N. J., where he was again made a 
judge, which of5ce he retained to the time of his 
death, in 1703. He was one of the constituent 
members of the Baptist church in Salem, and often 
exercised his gifts in religious meetings, but was 
at no time a minister. Many of the descendants 
of Benjamin Holme, his youngest son, still reside 
at Salem and in the vicinity. 

His eldest son, John Holme, settled at Penny- 
pack Mill, and his lineal descendants live in the 
very same town to this day. Every one, in line, 
having adhered strictly to the religious faith prac- 
tised by their great Baptist progenitor. 

Holme, John Stanford, D.D., was bom in 
Holmesburg, now a part of the city of Philadel- 
phia, March 4, 1822. His ancestors came to Amer- 
ica from England in 1683, and purchased lands 
from William Penn. John Holme was a magistrate 
under Penn, but resigned by reason of what he 
deemed the intolerance of his Quaker associates. 
An ancestor named Rev. Abel Moi'gan was one of 
the earlier writers in defense of Baptist doctrines 
in the colonies, as appears by a volume which was 
published by Benjamin Franklin in 1747. 

He prepared for college at New Hampton, N. H. 
He studied law in Philadelphia, but desiring to 
enter the ministi-y he graduated at Madison 
University in 1850, and was first settled over the 
Baptist church in Watertown, N. Y. Four j^ears 
afterwards he accepted a call to the Pierpont Street 
Baptist church, Brooklyn, one of the most impor- 
tant churches in the denomination. He labored 
there ten years with marked success. He then de- 
voted two years to literary pursuits. Afterwards 
he organized the Trinity Baptist church, corner of 
Third Avenue and Fifty-second Street. 

Of his ancestors above mentioned, John Holme 
was the first Baptist of Philadelphia. Abel Moi-gan 
was from Wales, a talented minister, highly edu- 
cated. He was the author of the first Welsh con- 
cordance ever printed. 

Dr. Holme has a large library of choice and rare 
books, and is an enthusiastic student of history and 
of sacred learning. 

While pastor of Pierpont Sti-eet, he adapted the 
Plymouth collection of hymns for the use of Bap- 
tist churches, which had a wide circulation. He 
also compiled a work entitled " Light at Evening 
Time," published by the Harpers. It is a collection 
of rare spiritual gems for the comfort of aged 
Christians. So great is the demand for it that 
already eight editions of it have been printed. He 
has recently organized the River-Side Baptist 
church, on the corner of Eighty-sixth Street and 
the Boulevard, in New York, of which he is pastor, 
and it gives promise of being a strong church. 

Holmes, Rev. Obadiah, was born at Preston, 



HOLMES 



539 



HOLMES 



Lancashire, England, about 1606, and came to this 
country, as is supposed, about 1639. His religious 
connections were with the Congregationalists. At 
first, in Salem, Mass., from wliich he removed to Re- 
hoboth, where for eleven years more he continued 
in the church of his eai-ly choice. He there became 
a Baptist, and united with the Baptist church in 
Newport, 11. I. In the month of July, 1651, in 
company with Dr. John Clarke and JMr. Crandall, 
he made a visit to AVilliam Witter, a Baptist, who 
resided at Lynn, Mass., about twelve miles from 
Boston. The day after their arrival being the Sab- 
bath, they arranged to have a religious service at 
th9 house of their host. In the midst of the dis- 
course which Dr. Clarke was preaching two con- 
stables presented to him the following warrant: 
" By virtue hereof, you are required to go to the 
house of William Witter, and to search from house 
to house for certain erroneous persons, being 
strangers, and them to apprehend, and in safe cus- 
tody to keep, and to-morrow morning at eight 
o'clock to bring before me. Robert Bridges." The 
three '• erroneous persons, being strangers," were 
at once arrested and carried, first to " the ale-house 
or ordinary," and then forced to attend the meet- 
ing of the day. At the close of the meeting they 
were carried back to the " ordinary." The next 
morning they were taken before Mr. Bridges, 
■who made out their mittimus, and sent them to 
prison at Boston. Having remained a fortnight 
there, they were brought before the Court of As- 
sistants for trial, which sentenced Dr. Clarke to 
pay a fine of twenty pounds, Mr. Holmes thirty 
pounds, and Mr. Crandall five pounds, and in de- 
fault of payment they were to be publicly whipped. 
Unknown to Mr. Clarke some one paid his fine, 
and Mr. Crandall was released on promise that 
he would appear at the next court. Mr. Holmes 
was kept in prison until September, when, his 
fine not having been paid, he was brought out 
and publicly whfpped. Mr. Holmes says, "As 
the strokes fell upon me I had such a spiritual 
manifestation of God's presence as the like thereof 
I never had nor felt, nor can with fleshly tongue 
express; and the outward pain was so removed 
from me that indeed I am not able to declare it to 
you ; it was so easy to me that I could well bear it, 
yea, and in a manner folt it not, although it was 
grievous, as the spectators said, the man striking 
with all his strength (yea, spitting in his hand three 
times, as many affirmed) with a three-corded whip, 
giving me therewith thirty strokes." — (Backus, i. 
194. Newton.) Such was the charity of New England 
Congregationalists of that day. Gov. Joseph Jenks 
has left on record the following : " Mr. Holmes was 
whipped thirty stripes, and in such an unmerciful 
manner that in many days, if not some weeks, he 
could take no rest, but as he lay upon his knees and 



elbows, not being able to suffer any part of his body 
to touch the bed whereon he lay." 

Mr. Holmes soon after removed to Newport. In 
1652 he was ordained to preach the gospel, and 
took Dr. Clarke's place as pastor of the Baptist 
church in Newport. He died in 1682. He left 
eight children, one of whom, Obadiah, was a judge 
in New Jersey. 

Holmes, E.ev. 0. A., was born in New Wood- 
stock, Madison Co., N. Y., in 1825 ; joined the 
Baptist church in his native town when sixteen 
years of age. He was ordained pastor in La Fay- 
ette, 0., when twenty-three. Five years after his 
ordination he came to Iowa, and has labored in the 
State as pastor for twenty-seven years, — at Maquo- 
keta, Webster City, Marshalltown, and Tama City. 
While at Webster City, which was entirely a new 
field, he also organized a church at Boonsborough 
and one at Iowa Falls, supplying them until they 
became strong enough to secure pastors. His labors 
were extended through a wide range of country, 
and the results were marked and lasting. Mr. 
Holmes has given to the Baptist cause and to 
every good work in Iowa many years of efiicient 
service. While faithful in his own field as pastor 
and preacher, he has contributed largely, by earnest 
labor, hearty co-operation, and wise counsel, to all 
the good results which have been accomplished by 
the Iowa Baptists in their general work. 

Holmes, Willet, was born May 14, 1807, in 




WILLET H0L5IES. 



Shelby Co., Ky. ; was converted in 1847, baptized 
by H. L. Graves, and has been a deacon ever since ; 



HOME MISSION- 



HOME Missiojsr 



was one of the three hundred colonists who, under 
Moses Austin's grant from Mexico, settled the 
province of Texas ; was twice a member of the 
Congress of the republic of Texas, twice a magis- 
trate, once a county commissioner, postmaster 
under the republic, and postmaster under Abra- 
ham Lincoln. His time, his talents, and his money 
have always been freely given to the chui'ch, the 
cause of missions, and as a trustee to Baylor Uni- 
versity. 

Home Mission Society, The American Bap- 
tist, and other Home Missions.— In the early 
history of the Baptists in this country most of our 
pastors were home missionaries. It was a common 
custom for the settled shepherd of one flock to make 
a tour through several counties in his own colony 
or State, or through other colonies or States, preach- 
ing the gospel almost every night in barns, private 
houses, school-rooms, or public halls. Months were 
spent frequently in this apostolic occupation. And 
many churches were founded and hosts of souls 
converted by these gratuitous labors of our saintly 
fathers in the faith. All the original colonies were 
frequently traversed by this almost extinct order 
of heaven-blessed home missionaries. Churches 
and Associations often rendered assistance in this 
form of home mission service. And nowhere on 
earth in any period of Christian history has Jesus 
had nobler missionaries among their countrymen, 
or grander results, than those furnished by the Bap- 
tist pioneers of the maritime provinces of Canada 
and of the country now called the United States. 

In the year 1800 the Boston Female Society for 
Missionary Purposes was formed. It had at first 
only fourteen members, and of these some were 
Baptists and some Congregationalists. In its first 
year it raised $150 for home missions. This is said 
to have been the first society established in this 
country of a purely missionary character. It 
should not be forgotten when we award honors to 
the benefactors of their race, that women formed 
the first distinctively missionary organization in 
America. 

Two years later the Massachusetts Domestic Mis- 
sionary Society was founded. Among its first ofiicers 
were Dr. Thomas Baldwin, Dr. Daniel Sharp, and 
Heman Lincoln. Its field included Massachusetts, 
Maine, Western and Southern New York, Penn- 
sylvania, Virginia, Missouri, Ohio, and Lower 
Canada. Among the numei-ous missionaries of 
this society were John M. Peck, James E. Welch, 
and Nathaniel Kendrick. 

In 1807 the Lake Missionary Society was organ- 
ized in Pompey, Onondaga Co., N. Y. Its proposed 
field was the region of country adjacent to the lakes. 
Ashbel Hosmer was its first president and Elisha 
Payne its secretary. Among its early missionaries 
were John Peck and Alfred Bennett, — ^jnen whose 



names are still held in reverence for the divine 
power that attended their ministrations. 

In 1822 the Baptist Missionary Convention of the 
State of New York was formed, and in 1825 the 
two New York organizations united, and in a few 
years the society had an income of $17,000, and 
missionaries in the Middle States, in some of the 
Western States, and in Canada. 

The American Baptist Home Mission Society was 
formed in New York, April 27, 1832. Heman 
Lincoln was its first president, Jonathan Going its 
corresponding secretary, William R. Williams its 
recording secretary, and William Colgate its treas- 
urer. Men mighty with God established one of 
the greatest agencies to spread the gospel that ever 
blessed any land. Tlie Home Mission Society in 
1880 had 285 missionaries and teachers, and, ac- 
cording to Dr. Morehouse, its secretary, an income 
of $213,821 ; and deducting $48,369.70 for loans 
repaid to the church edifice and trust funds, its re- 
maining receipts from other sources were $165,- 
452.11. Its missionaries during that year baptized 
1160 persons, founded 67 churches, and organized 
32 Sunday-schools. From its report in 1880 we 
learn that since its formation the society has com- 
missioned 8301 missionaries and teachers, formed 
2704 churches, and through its agents baptized 
84,077 disciples. Many of the largest churches in 
the great cities of the West are the fruits of its 
wise efibrts. 

The church edifice fund, now amounting to 
$255,679, in 1880 was aiding by loans 213 
churches in 34 States and Territories. The Home 
Mission Society in 1880 had eight institutions for 
the education of colored teachers and ministers. 
The Richmond Institute, located at Richmond, Va., 
has 5 instructors, 92 students, 61 of whom are can- 
didates for the ministry, and a property valued in 
1871 at $30,000 at least. Wayland Seminary, 
located at Washington, D. C, has 7 instructors, 92 
students, 36 young men preparing for the ministry, 
and a property worth $40,000. The Benedict Insti- 
tute, located at Columbia, S. C, has 6 instructors, 
150 students, 50 of whom intend to preach the 
gospel, and a property valued at $43,700, with an 
endowment of $18,700. The Nashville Institute, 
of Nashville, Tenn., has 8 instructors, 231 students, 
55 of whom are preparing for the ministry, and a 
property worth $80,000. Shaw University, of 
Raleigh, N. C, has 15 instructors, 277 students, 
59 of whom intend to preach, and a property worth 
$125,000, with an endowment of $1000. The At- 
lanta Baptist Seminary, at Atlanta, Ga., has 4 in- 
structors, 100 students, 60 of whom are candidates 
for the pulpit, and a property worth $12,000. Leland 
University, at New Orleans, has 5 instructors, 148 
students, 41 of whom expect to enter the ministry, 
and a property worth $85,000, with an endowment 



HOME MISSION 



HOME MISSION 



of $10,000. The Natchez Seminary, of Natchez, 
Miss., has a property worth f 15,000 ; 4 instructors 
and 120 students, 31 of whom are studyine: for the 
ministry. The Home Mission Society in these 
eight institutions has property worth $430,700, 
and endowments amounting to $38,700 ; 54 teachers 
labor in them, 1572 young men and women pursue 
their studies in them, of whom 393 are qualifying 
tliemselves to preach Jesus. In these colored col- 
leges the society is working gloriously for the sal- 
vation and education of our African millions. In 
the records of organized missionary effort few soci- 
eties can show such a blessed series of successes 
and so grand a list of instrumentalities. 

But we have other home 'missionary organiza- 
tions. The American Baptist Publication Society 
in 1880 had 35 colporteur and 28 Sunday-school 
missionaries, with an income for all benevolent 
purposes of $68,321. The Home Mission Board of 
the Southern Baptist Convention had 34 mission- 
aries and an income of $20,624. The Women'' s 
and the Women's American Baptist Home Mission 
Societies had 21 missionaries. From the " Year- 
Book," and from direct communications with 
brethren in various States, after making allowance 
for the union between the Home Mission Society 
and State organizations in the West, and for a sim- 
ilar connection between the Home Mission Board 
of the Southern Baptist Convention and kindred 
institutions in the South, we learn that the number 
.of men receiving aid from State organizations to 
assist them in preaching the gospel in the United 
States is at least 766, and that the income of these 
State societies is $150,190. Many Baptist Associ- 
ations and individual churches support additional 
missionaries. 

This would give us a grand total of 1169 mis- 
sionaries and teachers (missionary teachers in col- 
ored seminaries in the South), sustained by national 
and State organizations at an annual expense of 
.$413,619. 

Dr. G. W. Anderson, of Philadelphia, in a care- 
fully prepared pamphlet, states that during the last 
fifty years (down to 1876), " nearly six millions of 
dollars had been raised by the Baptists of the United 
States for home mission work." The five years 
that have elapsed since would add more than two 
millions to that amount. For this liberality, and 
for the thousands of churches that have sprung 
from it, and from God's blessing upon it, millions 
of souls will praise Christ throughout all eternity. 
See articles on Southern Baptist Convention, 
American Baptist Publication Society, and the 
various State Conventions and General Associations. 

Home Mission Societies, The Women's. — 
The organization and success of the Women's Bap- 
tist Missionary Societies for heathen lands drew the 
attention of Baptist ladies to the advantages to be 



secured by a similar agency for the necessities of 
the home field. The appeals of the devoted Miss 
J. P. Moore, in New Orleans, for help in prosecu- 
ting her mission among the colored people, and 
similar calls from other sections, together with the 
very able advocacy of the evangelization of the 
heathen Indians by Major G. W. Ingalls, led to the 
formation of the "Women's Baptist Home Mission 
Society," which took place Feb. 1, 1877. Subse- 
quently the Women's American Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society was organized in Boston. 

At first the Chicago Society adopted a constitu- 
tion which placed it in close relations with the 
great Home Mission Society of the Northern Bap- 
tists, but six months later the constitution was 
changed and the institution became independent, 
with the avowed purpose of being a vigorous ally 
to the old society in its vast field, and of carrying 
on, according to its ability, the general home mis- 
sion work. 

The distinctive aim of the society is to perform 
women's work, through its missionaries, for women 
and children in the degraded homes of our country, 
especially among the colored people, the Indians, 
and the teeming foreign population of the West. 
" The (missionary) women visit from house to house, 
reading the Bible and familiarly teaching its truths 
to all who will listen." " They organize Sunday- 
schools, training the teachers for their work in 
teachei-s' meetings and Bible readings." They 
give lessons in cleanliness, industry, temperance, 
and purity. 

At a meeting held in New York, Jan. 14, 1880, 
to secure union in labors between the Chicago and 
the Boston societies, it was 

" Resolved, That the two societies should retain 
their separate existence ; that the society located 
at Boston shall have New England for its territory, 
and that each society shall pi-osecute the work em- 
braced in its constitution ; that the missionaries 
appointed by the society located at Boston shall be 
commissioned by the society at Chicago and their 
salai-ies paid through its treasury ; and that all 
missionai-y supplies shall be reported to the society 
at Chicago." 

It was also resolved among other things that 
" Each society shall hold its own annual meeting, 
and that a yearly anniversary of the two societies 
shall be held at such time and place as may be 
agreed upon by their respective boards." These 
arrangements have been fully carried out, and 
harmony and success have marked the combined 
eflforts of the two societies. 

The Woman's Baptist Home Mission Society of 
Michigan and the Woman's State Board of Min- 
nesota are earnestly toiling in the same glorious 
service. 

The first home missionary society in the United 



HOOPER 



542 



HOPKINS 



States was formed in Boston in 1800 by ladies, and 
it is a proper cause for thanksgiving that they have 
resumed the vcork once more, determined not to 
relinquish it while there is an unconverted woman 
or child within the broad limits of our mighty re- 
public. 

The receipts of the societies at Boston and Chi- 
cago in 1880 were 19098.66 in cash, and $2601.81 
in goods and donations to missionaries and pastors 
on the frontier. 

Twenty-one missionaries have labored under the 
auspices of the two societies during 1880. 

Hooper, Wm., D.D., LL.L., was the ripest 
scholar North Carolina has yet produced. He was 




WM. HOOPER, D.D., LL. D. 

a grandson of Wm. Hooper who signed the Dec- 
laration of Independence for North Carolina, and 
was born near Wilmington in 1792 ; graduated at 
Chapel Hill about 1812, read theology at Prince- 
ton, N. J., and was elected Professor of Ancient 
Languages at the Univei-sity of North Carolina at 
Chapel Hill in 1816. In 1818 he entered the min- 
istry of the Episcopal Church, and was for two years 
rector of St. John's church in Fayetteville, when, be- 
cause of a change of views on baptism, he resigned 
his position as pastor, and again became connected 
with the university as Professor of Rhetoric. In 
1829 he was transferred to his old chair of Ancient 
Languages. He was baptized in 1831 by Rev. P. 
W. Dowd into the fellowship of Mount Carmel 
church. Orange Co. In 1838 he removed to South 
Carolina, and taught theology for two years in Fur- 
man Institute, when he became for six years Pro- 



fessor of Ancient Languages in South Carolina 
College, at Columbia, but was recalled to North 
Carolina to become the president of Wake Foi-est 
College in 1846. The financial embarrassments of 
the college discouraged him, and he did not remain 
in this position long. In 1852 he settled as pastor 
in Newbern; in 1855 became president of Chowan 
Female Institute ; retired from this position in 
1862; he taught school in Fayetteville for several 
years, and in 1867 became co-principal with his 
son-in-law, Prof. De B. Hooper, at Wilson, N. C. 

A very important event in the history of Dr. 
Hooper was the killing of a young lady, his cousin, 
by the accidental discharge of a neglected gun, 
while playing with the children in his uncle's 
family. Ilis whole life seemed from this circum- 
stance to have been tinged with melancholy. The 
year before he died he addressed a letter to Prof. 
Hooper, while living in the same house with him, 
expressing the sadness that still weighed down his 
spirits as he looked into the years that were passed. 
He died at Chapel Hill, where so much of his life 
had been spent, Aug. 19, 1876, and if he had lived 
eleven days more would have been eighty-four. 
His remains were fittingly laid by the side of Dr. 
Joseph Caldwell, the founder of the college, in the 
campus of the State University at Chapel Hill. 

It may well be questioned whether any man has 
lived in the South, or for that matter in America, 
who wrote better English than Dr. Hooper, and it 
is greatly to be regretted he died without issuing 
from the press a few volumes of his sermons or 
some other work by which future generations 
might have been certified of the lowly piety, ex- 
quisite taste, sparkling wit, and rich stores of 
learning of this great and good man. 

Hooten, Rev. Enoch M., was born in Henry 
Co., Ga., June 30, 1837. At the age of fourteen he 
joined the Presbyterians, but in 1865 changed his 
religious views and united with the Baptists. On 
the 7th of November, 1866, he was ordained, and 
since then has served various Baptist churches in 
Middle Georgia, baptizing about 40 persons each 
year. For some years he taught school, and for 
several sessions was clerk of the Flint River Asso- 
ciation. Mr. Hooten is a good pastor, a very clear 
and forcible preacher, and a graceful speaker. He 
enjoys the full confidence and esteem of all who 
know him. 

Hopkins, Eev. Charles J., was the child of 
Quaker parents. He was born in Philadelphia, 
Pa., April 2, 1800. Converted in early life, he was 
baptized by Rev. Dr. Holcombe, and received into 
the First church, Philadelphia, in October, 1818. 
He was ordained at the First church, Camden, 
N. J., in 1824. From May, 1829, to April, -1835, 
he was pastor of the church at Salem, N. J. Then 
for five years he served the church at Bridgeton. 



HOPPER 



HORNBERGER 



In the fall of 1843 he took the pastorate of Bethesda 
church, New York City. In October, 1859, he be- 
came pastor of the Salem church, which was his 
last charj^e. He died in Salem, July 14, 1863. 
Mr. Hopkins was a good, faithful, earnest minister 
of the gospel. His beaming countenance, ready 
wit, musical voice, and enthusiastic manner at- 
tracted attention. He was an ardent temperance 
man, and was in great demand as a speaker upon 
that subject. 

Hopper, A. M., D.D., was born at Long Branch, 
N. J., Jan. 12, 1822 ; received his university educa- 
tion at Madison ; ordained pastor of Academy Street 
church. New Haven, Conn., in the autumn of 1850 ; 
took charge of the First church of Charlestown, 
Mass., in 1855. He was also pastor in Auburn, 
N. Y., in Bridgeport, Conn., and in Scranton, Pa. 
In 1870 Madison University conferred upon him the 
degree of Doctor of Divinity. In 1872, Dr. Hopper 
had baptized more than 500 candidates. He is a 
genial, godly, and able minister of the Saviour. 

Hopps, Herman K., one of the most interesting 
and promising of the early graduates from the Uni- 
versity of Chicago, was drowned at Newport Beach, 
R. I., Aug. 1, 1873, while bathing. He was con- 
verted while a boy, and during his student course 
was remarkable not only for scholarly diligence 
and success, but also for his genial Christian spirit. 
He graduated in the class of 1870, and immedi- 
ately entered the Rochester Theological Seminary. 
Spending a little time, however, with' the church in 
Batavia, 111., his preaching awakened so much in- 
terest that he found it his duty to remain for a 
year, in which time 70 were added to the church. 
He then entered the middle class at Newton. At 
the time of his death he was preaching for the 
church at Lynn, Mass., where a promising work 
was already in progress. His remains were taken 
to Lamoille, IlL, where his home had been, and 
where his parents still reside. 

Hornady, Rev. Henry Carr, of Atlanta, Ga., 

is one of the most distinguished and influential 
ministers of the State. Born Feb. 22, 1822, in 
Jones County, he has spent all his life and exerted 
all his energies within his native State. He en- 
joyed excellent academical advantages and availed 
himself of them fully, until his twentieth year. 
Converted in 1843 and ordained in 1848, he be- 
came pastor of the Americus church, where he 
remained eight years. Since that time he has oc- 
cupied vai-ious responsible positions in the denomi- 
nation, as agent for Mercer University, editor of the 
Cherokee Baptist, and the pastor of various churches. 
He is now pastor of the Thii-d Baptist church, in 
Atlanta. He is a Baptist in the strictest sense of 
the term, and consequently is a devoted Christian : 
he is a good pastor, and an earnest, tender, pathetic, 
and faithful preacher. 



Hornberger, Rev. Lewis P., was born in the 

city of Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 25, 1841. He was con- 
verted at the age of fifteen, and baptized one year 
after into the fellowship of the Olivet Baptist 




REV. LE«"IS F. HORNBERGER. 

church, Philadelphia, by Rev. N. B. Baldwin, Oct. 
4, 1857. On the 14th of October, 1858, he entered 
Madison University as a student for the gospel 
ministry, and graduated Aug. 2, 1865. On the 1st 
of July preceding he accepted the unanimous call 
of the Spring Garden Baptist church, Philadelphia. 
He entered upon the duties of his first charge Aug. 
20, 1865. 

The church had been for some time without a 
pastor. It had a membership of 279 and a debt of 
§7000. The young pastor entered with ardent zeal 
and vigorous faith upon his work. The church 
rallied nobly under the new leadership, and soon 
gave evidence of rapid and vigorous growth. 

Mr. Hornberger remained with the Spring Gar- 
den church six years and nine months. During 
this period it was blessed with uninterrupted har- 
mony and prosperity. The house was thoroughly 
repaired, the debt was paid, and 629 persons added 
to the membership, 415 of whom were baptized, 190 
came by letter, 16 by experience, and 8 by restor- 
ation. Mr. Hornberger had a very pleasant trip to 
Europe during the summer of 1870. The mem- 
bership and congregation having increased beyond 
the capacity of the house of worship, and the di- 
mensions of the lot rendering an enlargement of it 
impossible, the project of a removal was seriously 
considered, but was afterwards dismissed as im- 



HORNEB 



544 



HOSKINSON 



practicable. Mr. Hornljerger was finally induced, 
at the solicitation of many members of his church, 
as well as of a number of influential members of 
other churches, to undertake the establishment of a 
new church in the northwestern part of the city. 
Accordingly, in the early part of the year 1872, he 
retired from the pastorate of the Spring Garden 
church, and, with a constituency of 257 persons, 186 
of whom were dismissed from the Spring Garden 
church for the pui-pose, he organized, March 28, 
1872, the Gethsemane Baptist church. A lot was 
immediately secured at the northwest corner of 
Eighteenth and Columbia Avenue, and the work 
of building begun. It progressed rapidly, and 
the house was completed and dedicated April 30, 
1874. The entire cost of the house and lot, with the 
furniture, was $100,000. The edifice is of brown- 
stone, substantially built, and handsomely fur- 
nished. It has a lecture-room which will comfort- 
ably seat 400 persons, and an audience-room seating 
about 1000. At the present date, 1880, the mem- 
bership is 652, and the usual congregations are 
among the largest in the city. The Bible-school 
numbers 988, with an average attendance of 700. 

As a preacher, Mr. Hornberger is eminently 
earnest and practical, sound in doctrine, clear in 
his statements of gospel truths, and uncomprom- 
ising in their advocacy. He is a fluent, ready, and 
graceful speaker, equally good in extemporizing or 
reading. 

As a pastor, he has unusual influence and power. 
Easily accessible and courteous, he is loved and re- 
spected by his people. He possesses a warm and 
sympathizing heart, and is ever a most welcome 
visitor in the homes of the sick and the sorrowing. 
His guiding hand is manifest in all the important 
movements of the church, and the almost unexam- 
pled success that has marked his career as a pastor 
is perhaps owing to a happy combination of quali- 
ties, shared in part by all, but not often so sym- 
metrically united in one. 

His church edifice is out of debt. Mr. Horn- 
berger is one of the most useful ministers that ever 
labored in Philadelphia, and his talents and piety 
deserve the rich harvests he has garnered. 

Horner, Rev. T. J., was born in Orange Co., 
N. C, Nov. 23, 1823 ; was baptized by Rev. Joseph 
King in 1855 ; was educated at the famous Bing- 
ham Academy, of Hillsborough ; ordained at Mount 
Zion church, Granville Co., Rev. Joseph King and 
his son, Rev. Thomas King, forming the Presbytery, 
and has been pastor of this church for eighteen 
years. Mr. Horner has served other churches in 
Granville and Person Counties, and has taught for 
thirty-five years. He is now the senior principal 
of a flourishing academy at Henderson, N. C. 

Horton, Hon. Albert C, was born about 1800, 
in Georgia ; removed to Green Co., Ala. ; engaged 



in farming and became wealthy ; served in the 
Senate of Alabama ; removing to Texas in 1835 ; 
commanded a company of cavalry, the advance- 
guard of Col. Fannin, whose force wa;s savagely 
massacred at Goliad ; narrowly escaping the same 
fate, his command being cut off from the main 
force. He was a member of the first Congress of 
the republic, with Houston, Rusk, Grimes, and 
Lester. He was a member of the convention which 
formed the constitution of Texas as a State, and 
was elected the first lieutenant-governor, and during 
the absence of Gov. J. Pinckney Henderson, who 
commanded the Texas troops during the war be- 
tween the United States and Mexico, in 1846, he 
filled the chair of governor for several months with 
signal honor. The latter part of his life was spent 
in managing his large estate in Wharton and Mata- 
gorda Counties, dispensing a liberal hospitality to 
all classes, taking a deep interest in the religious 
welfare of his numerous slaves. Joining the Bap- 
tist church in his early days, he was to the end of his 
life a consistent, zealous, liberal, and active Chris- 
tian. As a member of the body that formed the 
Texas Baptist State Convention, and as a trustee 
of Baylor University, his counsels and services 
will live as a heritage of blessings to education, and 
to the denomination of which he was so honored a 
member. He died in 1865. 

Hoskinson, Thomas J., was born at Waynes- 
burg, Greene Co., Pa., May 14, 1821 ; was bap- 




J. IIOSKINSON. 



tized in 1855, by Rev. Thomas R. Taylor, into the 
fellowship of the Sandusky Street church, Alle- 



HOTCHKISS 



HOUSTON 



ghany City, Pa. In 1871 he removed to Philadel- 
phia, where he still remains an esteemed member 
of the Memorial church. 

In early life he engaged in mercantile pursuits, 
and subsequently associated himself with others in 
the manufacture of iron. His enterprise and in- 
tegrity enabled him to prosper abundantly, and 
others reaped the advantage of his benefactions. 
He has been long and prominently identified with 
the educational and missionary work of the de- 
nomination, and is widely known as a wise coun- 
selor and careful manager. As a trustee of the 
university at Lewisburg, and president of the 
Pennsylvania Baptist Education Society, he has 
especially aimed to advance and exalt the educa- 
tion of young men for the gospel ministry. Mr. 
Hoskinson is one of the leading Baptists of Penn- 
sylvania; and he is known and honored by his 
brethren throughout the State. 

Hotchkiss, V. R., D.D., was bom June 5, 1815, 
in SpafFord, Onondaga Co., N. Y. ; was educated in 
Madison University ; has been pastor in Poultney, 
Vt., in Rochester, N. Y., in Fall River, Mass., in 
Buffiilo, N. Y., from 1849 to 1854, and from 1865 
to the present time, 1880. He was a professor in 
Rochester Theological Seminary from 1854 to 1865. 
Dr. Hotchkiss is one of the strongest men in our 
denomination in the Empire State. Madison gave 
him his doctorate of divinity. 

Hough, Rev. Silas, M.D., was born in Bucks 
Co., Pa., Feb. 8, 1766. He was thirty years of 
■age before he exercised saving faith in the blessed 
Redeemer. He was baptized into the fellowship 
of the Montgomery church, in his native county. 
May 8, 1796. Dr. Hough was possessed of more 
than ordinary gifts for the ministi-y, and in June, 
1804, he was ordained as pastor of the Montgomery 
church, which he.served till December, 1821 ; eigh- 
teen months after his resignation, his spirit entered 
the heavenly rest. 

Dr. Hough left $1000 to the Philadelphia Asso- 
ciation, the interest of which is to be appropriated 
forever to the support of the widows of Baptist 
ministers. He was the first man to start this fund. 
Dr. Hough had a strong faith, an undying zeal, 
and a blameless life. 

Hougham, John S., LL.D., a native of Indiana, 
graduated in Wabash College in 1846. In July, 
1848, he was elected Professor of Mathematics and 
Natural Philosophy in Franklin College. He-was 
after a short time transferred to the chair of Chem- 
istry and Related Sciences. He built up an excel- 
lent laboratory, and, in addition to his teaching, 
established and superintended the manufacture of 
chemical and philosophical apparatus. He was 
also of great service to the institution by the aid 
he gave in its financial management. He is ac- 
knowledged to be a man of great practical ability. 



He made some original investigations in respect to 
the influence of mercury upon the body. He re- 
signed in 1862, and several months later accepted 
a professorship in the Kansas Agricultural College. 
He accepted a professorship in the Indiana Agri- 
cultural College, and was appointed to superintend 
the laying out of the gi-ounds and the structure of 
the buildings. He served the institution several 
years, and finally resigned to care for his real es- 
tate in the West. His home is in La Fayette. 

House, Rev. Horace Lee, one of the youngest 
pastors in the State, a native of Otselic, N. Y., where 
he was born in 1850, was graduated from Cornell 
University, New York, in 1874, and from the Theo- 
logical Seminary in 1877 ; ordained June 27, 1877. 
Mr. House's first pastorate was with the Fifth 
Avenue Baptist church in Minneapolis, Minn., 
from June 1, 1877, to Feb. 1, 1880, at which time 
he was called to the pastorate of the Baptist church 
in Racine, where he now resides. He has a fine 
field of labor and one of the best churches in Wis- 
consin. 

Houston, Mrs. Margaret Moffette, daughter 
of Temple and Nancy Lea, was born in Perry Co., 
Ala., April 11, 1819. She belonged to a family of 
marked individuality. Her brother, Hon. H. C. 
Lea, was a distinguished member of the Alabama 
State senate. Her education was mainly received 
from Prof. J. A. McLain, a well-educated Scotch 
Baptist. She possessed poetical talent, which she 
occasionally exhibited by contributing articles for 
the journals of the day, and her conversational 
powers rendered her society attractive. Her views 
of Christian truth and duty were in full accord with 
the gospel. She was married to Gen. Sam Houston, 
in April, 1840. During the ministry of Rev. Peter 
Crawford at Marion she was converted and baptized. 
She was always ready to contribute of her means 
to the promotion of the cause of Christ. Eight 
children survive her, — Sam Houston, Jr., Mrs. 
Nannie Morrow, Mrs. Mary Morrow, Mrs. Maggie 
Williams, Mrs. Antoinette P. Bringhurst, Andrew 
Jackson Houston, William Rogers Houston, and 
Temple Houston. She died at Independence, Texas, 
Dec. 3, 1869. The following lines indicate both her 
Christian spirit and poetical gift : 



A MOTHER'S PRAYER. 



HER SON, LIEUT. 



Thou ! 'neath whose omniscient eye 

The footsteps of the wanderer roam 
Far from Iiis own loved native sky. 

Far from the sacred ties of home. 
A captive on some hostile shore. 

Perchance his young heart pineth now 
To join the household band once more, 

That 'round the evening altar bow ; 
Or, 'mid the cannon's roar again 

And gleam of clashing steel, perchance 



HOUSTON 



546 



HOVEY 



Upon the bloody battle-plain 

Hath met the deadly foeman"s lance. 
I cannot tell : my dim eye now 

His wanderings may not trace; 
But, oh ! 'tis sweet to feel and know, 

Through every scene, in every place, 
Thy glorions eye doth follow him. 

dn toilsome march, 'mid prison gloom, 
On Southern soil, througli Northern clime, 

Or 'mid the cannon's dismal boom, 
His life is safe beneath thy sight. 

As though a mother's love could soothe 
And for the weary head each night 

With tender hand his pillow smooth. 

Houston, Gov. Sam, was bom near Lexington, 
Rockbridge Co., Va. ; with his mother, sis broth- 




GOVERNOR 



.M HOUSTON. 



ers, and three sisters he removed to Blount Co., 
Tenn., when about twelve years old ; spent some 
time before his sixteenth year among the Cherokee 
Indians; entered the United States army in his 
nineteenth year; was under Gen. Andrew Jackson 
at the battle of Tohopeka, against the Creek In- 
dians, serving as ensign, fighting heroically, and re- 
ceiving two wounds from rifle-balls and one from 
a barbed arrow, from whose effects he never wholly 
recovered ; was appointed a lieutenant, and sta- 
tioned a while at Nashville and New Orleans; re- 
signed when about twenty years of age ; studied 
law at Nashville, Tenn., for about six months, 
under Hon. James Trimble ; was licensed to prac- 
tise, and in less than twelve months afterwards was 
elected district attorney of the Davidson circuit; 
settled first at Lebanon, and served as district at- 
torney one year at Nashville ; resigned, and de- 
voted himself to the practice of law, until 1823, 



when hardly thirty years of age, he was elected to 
Congress without opposition, and also, in 1825, 
almost by acclamation, and in 1827 was chosen 
governor by 12,000 majority resigned Jan. 1, 
1829, three months after his first marriage, leav- 
ing his wife, because she declared that neither at 
that time nor at their marriage did he have her 
heart; went among the Cherokees, and remained 
three years, with varying incidents of great politi- 
cal moment, then removed to Texas ; aided in form- 
ing its first constitution, April, 1833; engaged in 
vigorous efforts for the liberation of Texas, until as 
commander of the Texan army, at the battle of San 
Jacinto, April 21, 1836, he succeeded in securing 
the freedom of the republic. At the battle of San 
Jacinto he received another Avound. President of 
the republic from 1836-38 ; member of the Texan 
Congress from 1839-41 ; President of the republic 
from January, 1841 , to January, 1845 ; Senator from 
Texas, in the United States Senate, from 1845-57 ; 
governor of Texas from January, 1859, to March, 
1861 ; died July, 1863, at Huntsville, Walker Co. 
Married to Miss Maggie Lea, April, 1840 ; lived 
scrupulously devoted to morality, and his wife's 
views of religious truth, until he was converted. 
The influence of his wife over his later life was 
ever cheerfully and gratefully acknowledged by 
him. Was baptized at Independence, Texas, No- 
vember, 1855, by Rev. Rufus C. Burleson, D.D. ; 
regularly attended upon Dr. Geo. W. Samson's 
ministrations during the whole of his senatorial 
career at Washington. He took an active share in 
prayei'-meetings, at Associations and Conventions 
when present, and delivered numerous lectures 
during the latter part of his life in aid of temper- 
ance. As a soldier, lawyer, general, President, 
Senator, governor, orator. Christian, he was one of 
the remarkable men of the nineteenth century. 

Hovey, Alvah, D.D., LL.D., was born in 
Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y., March 5, 1820. In 
the autumn of that year his parents returned to 
their native place, Thetford, Vt., where his child- 
hood and youth were passed, the summers mostly 
on a farm and the winters in a district school. He 
prepared for college in Brandon, Vt., and was 
graduated from Dartmouth College in 1844. He 
had been already principal of an academy in Derby, 
Vt., two years, and was principal of the academy 
at New London, N. H., one year. He studied at 
the Newton Theological Institution three years, and 
after graduating preached one year in New Glouces- 
ter, Me. Returning to Newton in the autumn of 
1849, he has been engaged as a teacher in the insti- 
tution from that time to the present (with the ex- 
ception of ten months spent in Europe). From 
1849 to 1855 he was tutor in Hebrew ; from 1853 
to 1855, Professor of Church History ; from 1855 to 
the present time. Professor of Theology and Chris- 



HOWARD 



HOWARD 



tian Ethics ;.and for the last twelve years president 
of the institution. Dr. Hovey has contributed a 
large amount of matter to the Christian Review, 
the Baptist Quarterly, the Bihliotheca Sacra, the 




ALVAH HOVEY, D.D., LL.D. 

Examiner and Chronicle, the Watchman, the Stan- 
dard, and other papers. He is the author of the 
following books : " A Memoir of the Life and 
Times of Rev. Isaac Backus, A.M.,'" 1859; "The 
State of the Impenitent Dead," 1859 ; " The Mira- 
cles of Christ as attested by the Evangelists," 1864 ; 
" The Scriptural- Law of Divorce," 1866 ; " God 
with us ; or the Person and State of Christ," 1872 ; 
" Religion and the State," 1876 ; " The Doctrine of 
the Higher Christian Life, compared with the Scrip- 
tures," 1877 ; " Manual of Theology," 1878. Dr. 
Hovey has published several unbound discussions, 
as "Close Communion," "State of Men after 
Death," " Semi-centennial Discourse at Newton," 
etc. Brown University conferred on him the de- 
gree of D.D., and Richmond College and Denison 
University that of LL.D. He has been a member 
of the Executive Conimittee of the American Bap- 
tist Missionary Uni(m for many years. 

Howard, Rev. Amasa, son of Amasa Howard, 
was born in Woodstock, Conn., Sept. 9, 1832: con- 
verted in his twelfth year, at Slatersville, R. I. : 
baptized in North Uxbridge, Mass., in May, 1845 ; 
began to study with his brother. Rev. Johnson 
Howard, pastor of Baptist church in Dover, N. Y. ; 
was at the academy at New Ipswich, N. H., and at 
Worcester Academy, Mass. ; colporteur of Ameri- 
can and Foreign Bible Society ; connected with 



academy at Shelburne Falls for two years ; entered 
Madison University ; spent two years with a mis- 
sion church in South Boston, Mass. ; became city 
missionary in Hartford, Conn., in 1857, and labored 
eight years ; ordained in 1861 ; in 1865 settled with 
Wethersfield church; in 1867 with Tiiird Baptist 
church. Providence, R. I. ; in 1870 returned to 
Hartford, Conn., and became pastor of the newly 
formed Washington Avenue church ; resigned in 
1877; supplied Bloomfield and other churches till 
health failed ; in -June, 1879, was chosen chaplain 
of Connecticut State Prison, where he is now 
laboring. 

Howard College, located at Marion, is the Bap- 
tist male college of Alabama. It was founded in 
1843. Prof. S. S. Sherman, Rev. H. Talbird, D.D., 
Rev. J. L. M. Curry, LL.D., Rev. S. R. Freeman, 
D.D., and Prof. J. T. Murfee, LL.D., have been 
presidents of this institution. Its buildings and 
grounds are estimated to be worth $150,000. And 
before the war its endowment was valued at as 
much more, which, however, was lost in that un- 
happy struggle. It belongs to the State Convention 
of Alabama, and that body appoints its trustees 
and devotes a great deal of attention to its welfare. 
It has a deep hold on the confidence and affection 
of the denomination in the State, as is seen in the 
fact that after its buildings had been twice de- 
stroyed by fire they were promptly rebuilt, with 
improvements, by the Baptists of the State ; and 
in the further fact that although without 'an en- 
dowment, it is successfully competing with richly- 
endowed colleges in and out of the State. Dr. 
Murfee, the present president, who has occupied 
that position for eight years, has, with his able 
corps of professors, established for Howard College 
the reputation of imparting a thoroughness of 
scholarship and of manly deportment unsurpassed 
in the whole counti-y. Besides, the moral tone and 
religious surroundings of the institution are of the 
first order. Every effort is made to develop the 
nobler traits of human character, and to bestow 
the best education that can be had. The graduates 
of Howard College are taking some of the highest 
stations in all the learned callings. 

Howard, Hon. James L., son of Rev. Leland 
Howard, was born in Windsor, Vt., Jan. 18, 1818; 
settled in Hartford, Conn., in October, ]838; an 
extensive and successful merchant and manufac- 
turer ; well and widely known for ability, integrity, 
good judgment, and courtesy ; largely trusted with 
public interests ; to his fine taste Bushnell Park, 
Hartford, owes much of its attractiveness ; baptized 
into the fellowship of the First Baptist church, 
Jan. 7, 1841 ; chosen deacon Sept. 4, 1857 ; active 
in this church and prominent in the denomination ; 
president of Connecticut Baptist State Convention 
from 1871 to 1877; president of Connecticut Bap- 



HOWARD 



tist Social Union from its origin in 1872, as he was 
its chief originator ; president of American Baptist 
Publication Society from 1873 to 1878 ; for many 
years an efficient trustee of Connecticut Literary 
Institution ; generous contributor to benevolent 
operations. 

Howard, John, the PhiTanthropist, was born 
at Enfield, England, Sept. 2, 1726. His education 




JOHN HOWARD. 

was respectable. In his early manhood he traveled 
extensively in France and Italy, purchasing works 
of art, and inspecting the ruins of the glorious 
past and the creations of modern genius. In his 
travels he learned to speak the French language 
with great accuracy, which was of signal service to 
him in future life. Some time after his return from 
the Continent he became so ill that he was convinced 
that the attentions of his nurse alone saved his 
life, and as the only adequate expression of his 
gratitude he married her when she was fifty-three 
and he was twenty-five. She lived but a short 
time to enjoy her new position and the wealth of 
love in her husband's noble heart. On the 2d of 
May, 1758, he married Henrietta Leeds, with whom 
he spent nine happy years at Cardington. During 
this period his active mind found constant occupa- 
tion in building school-houses and model cottages 
for the poor of the town, and in many other labors 
for the education and improvement of the neglected 
villagers. He was appointed sheriff in 1773. To 
accept this required him to produce a certificate 
stating that he had taken the Lord's Supper in an 
Episcopal church within a reasonable time. How- 



ard was a Dissenter, and he abhorred such con- 
temptible methods of sustaining the interests of a 
church ; neither would he decline the office and 
pay a fine as his father had done. He accepted the 
position, determined to contest to the uttermost any 
suit brought against him for breaking the law. 
No one prosecuted the good man. After the assizes 
were over he descended into the prison to see the 
condition of its inmates. It was the home of John 
Bunyan for twelve years, in which he wrote his 
immortal " Pilgrim's Progress." Everything in it 
was shocking, and appealed to his whole humanity 
to remove the horrid evils that reigned all over the 
place. From that moment he seems to have con- 
secrated himself to fight prison abuses and the pow- 
ers of the plague throughout the world. How he 
traveled, how he suffered, how he labored with kings, 
emperors, empresses, parliaments, and governors of 
jails ; how he gave his money to relieve oppressed 
prisoners and victims of the plague ; and how he 
risked his life times without number, it is not pos- 
sible to tell in an article like this. It is sufficient 
to say that the name of Howard stands high above 
every other philanthropist to which our race has 
given birth. The Howard Associations of our 
country and of other lands show the extent and 
duration of his-fame. He died at Kherson, in the 
Crimea, of camp fever, contracted in his warfare 
against that scourge, on the 20th of January, 1790. 
Mr. Howard's efforts have been followed by mar- 
velous improvements in prison-life, and by a mul- 
titude of benevolent societies to aid the victims of 
the pestilence. 

He was a member of the Baptist community of 
which Dr. Samuel Stennett was pastor, in London. 
On the 1st of March, 1790, Dr. Stennett preached 
a funeral sermon for his lamented friend. In that 
discourse, in describing Mr. Howard's faith, he 
says, " Nor was he ashamed of those truths he 
heard stated, explained, and enforced in this place. 
He had made up his mind, as he said, upon his re- 
ligious sentiments, and was not to be moved from 
his steadfastness by novel opinions intruded upon 
the world. Nor did he content himself with a bare 
profession of these divine truths. He entered into 
the spirit of the gospel, felt its power and tasted 
its sweetness. You know, my friends, with what 
seriousness and devotion he attended, for a long 
course of years, on the worship of God among us. 
It would be scarcely decent for me to repeat the 
affectionate things he says, in a letter written me 
from a remote part of the world, respecting the sat- 
isfaction and pleasure he had felt in the religious 
exercises of this place."* The historian Ivimey 
gives the letter entire. It was written from Smyrna, 
on the 11th of August, 1786. In it he says, " The 



■ Works of Samuel Stennett, D.D., iii. 295. London, 1824. 



HOWARD 



549 



HOWE 



principal* reason of my writing is most sincerely 
to thank you for the many pleasant hours I have 
had in reviewing the notes I have taken of the ser- 
mons I had the happiness to hear under your min- 
istry ; these, sir, with many of your petitions in 
prayer, have been, and are, my songs in the house 
of my pilgrimage. With undoubted pleasure I 
have attended your ministry ; no man ever entered 
more into my religious sentiments, or more happily 
expressed them. It was some little disappointment 
when any one occupied your pulpit. Oh, sir, how 
many Sabbaths have I ardently longed to spend 
in Little Wild Street (Dr. Sten'nett's) : on those 
days I generally rest, or, if at sea, keep retired in 
my little cabin. It is you that preach, and I bless 
God I attend with renewed pleasure. I bless God 
for your ministry ; I pray God to reward you a 
thousandfold." 

Mr. Howard had been a Congregationalist, but 
from "the many years" during which he had wor- 
shiped with Dr. Stennett, and the declaration that 
" no man ever entered more into his religious senti- 
ments, or more happily expressed them," it is cer- 
tain that John Howard was a Baptist. 

Howard, Rev. Leland, was born in Jamaica, 
Vt., Oct. 13, 1793. During a revival in Shaftsbury 
he was hopefully converted, and baptized when 
about seventeen years of age, by Kev. Isaiah Madi- 
son. At an early age he commenced to preach. 
In 1814, having been invited by Gen. Abner Forbes, 
a wealthy citizen of Windsor, Vt., to come to that 
place to pursue his studies, he accepted the invita- 
tion. He was placed under the instruction of Rev. 
Joseph Bradley, pastor of the Baptist church, his 
board and tuition bills being paid by his kind 
friend. He completed his theological studies with 
Rev. J. M. Winchell, of Boston, and was ordained 
pastor of the church in Windsor, Vt., in November, 
1817. In 1823 he became pastor of the First Bap- 
tist church in Troy, N. Y., where he remained five 
years. For a time he was again with his old church 
in Windsor, and then in Brooklyn, N. Y. He 
preached in Meriden, Conn., in the year 1837-38. 
Subsequently he was pastor in Newport, R. I., 
Norwich, N. Y., North church in Troy, then at 
Hartford, N. Y., and finally in Rutland, Vt., where 
his pastorate closed in 1852. He died May 6, 1870. 
Few men have left a better record in the places 
where he labored as a minister of the gospel than 
" Father" Howard. One of his sons is Hon. James 
L. Howard, of Hartford, Conn., president of the 
American Baptist Publication Society. 

Howard, Rev. Mark William, was ordained 
at Ukiah, Cal., in 1859, and has been pastor of 
the Ukiah and other churches in that part of the 



* Ivimey's " History of the English Baptists," iv. 361. London, 
1830. 



State ever since. He was born in 1818, converted 
at nine, and joined his mother's church, the Meth- 
odist. In 1838 he removed to Fort Smith, Ark., 
three years after to Southwest Missouri. In 1844, 
having previously become a Baptist by studying 
the Bible, he was immersed and joined a Baptist 
church. In 1856 he removed to California, spent 
one year in San Joaquin County, one year in 
Sonoma County, and joined the Ilealdsburg church. 
In 1858 he settled near Ukiah, where he was soon 
after ordained. God has blessed him both in his 
business and in his labors in the pulpit, and given 
him great influence as a citizen and as a Christian 
pastor. 

Howard, Wm., D.D., was born in Manchester, 
England, Dec. 17, 1828. In early life he ran away 
from home. For several years he was occupied as 
a cabin-boy in a sailing-vessel. While thus en- 
gaged he made the acquaintance of Rev. A. P. 
Repiton, D.D., at Wilmington, N. C. This good 
brother took him to his home and adopted him as 
a son. Through his instrumentality he was con- 
verted, and baptized in 1847. He early indicated 
strong powers of native intellect. Cherishing high 
desires for thorough education, he entered Howard 
College, Ala., in 1849, and graduated in 1852, re- 
ceiving the degree of A.M. in 1854. In January, 
1855, he became pastor of the Gainesville church, 
Ala., in the charge of which he continued until the 
close of 1866, when he assumed the pastorate of the 
First Baptist church in Galveston, Texas. At dif- 
ferent times, while living in Alabama, he served as 
pastor at Providence and Sumterville churches, 
Ala., and Macon and Enterprise churches. Miss., 
preaching to them once a month. During the war 
he acted as a chaplain and general missionary in 
the Confederate army. For several years he was 
moderator of the Bigby River Association, Ala., 
and was for some months general agent in Texas 
of the Home Mission Board of the Southern Bap- 
tist Convention. He has represented Alabama and 
Texas in the Southern Convention, and in May, 
1876, at Buffalo, N. Y., represented the same Con- 
vention in the general Baptist anniversaries. For 
several years he has been president of the Texas 
Baptist Sunday-School Convention. Baylor Uni- 
versity conferred on him the degree of D.D. in 
1870. He is a student, possessing a library rich 
in the variety, rarity, and number of its volumes. 
He is ranked by no minister of the " Island City." 
His commencement sermons at Baylor University 
and other educational centres have given him a 
prominent place among Southern ministers. He 
holds a warm place among the Galveston people. 

Howe, Rev. Phineas, was born in Fitzwilliam, 
N. H., in 1792 ; was converted at the age of twenty- 
eight ; licensed by the church in Fitzwilliam ; 
studied with Rev. J. M. Graves, and was ordained 



HOWE 



550 



HOWELL 



in 1824 to the pastorate of the Marlborough and 
Newfane, Vt., church, where he remained for 
seven years. After brief pastorates in one or two 
other places, he returned, in 1834, to the church 
which he had first served, where he continued his 
labors for another term of seven years. Broken 
down in his health, he suspended his ministerial 
labors for a season. His last settlements were in 
Hinsdale and Troy, N. H. He returned to spend 
the close of his life among his old friends, and died 
at Newfane, Vt., Jan. 17, 1869. During the nearly 
twenty-five years of his active ministry he baptized 
308 persons, and was otherwise very useful. 

Howe, Rev. Samuel, was pastor of the church 
meeting in Deadman's Place, London, for about 
seven years. Neal says that " he was a man of 
learning, and printed a small treatise called ' The 
Sufficiency of the Spirit's Teaching' " (vol. ii. 316, 
Dublin, 1755). Others speak of him as a cobbler, 
and, consequently, an illiterate person. He might 
have carried on the shoe business, because he could 
not support himself by preaching to a small perse- 
cuted Baptist church, and yet not be an ignorant 
man. Neither does the fact that his book seems 
to disparage learning prove that he was destitute 
of it. Many in his day represented learning as 
the CHIEF qualification for the ministry. Baptists 
never have entertained this opinion, though they 
regard learning in their pastors as of immense im- 
portance, and have given more money, perhaps, 
than any other denomination, with their numbers 
and resources, in this country to erect and endow 
institutions for the education of their ministry. 

Mr. Howe attracted the attention of the perse- 
cuting clergy and their instruments, by whom he 
was imprisoned and excommunicated. Dying in 
jail, he was refused burial in consecrated ground ; 
a constable's guard protected the parish cemetery 
at Shoreditch from profanation by the reception of 
his body. He was buried at Agnes-la-Clair ; and 
several members of his church, at their own re- 
quest, were buried afterwards with him. 

Mr. Howe's people, after his death, according to Dr. 
Thomas Fuller, on Jan. 18, 1641, to the number of 80 
meeting at St. Saviour's, Southwark, " preached," 
among other things, " that the king was only to be 
obeyed in civil matteis." Crosby states that they 
were arrested while at their place of worship and 
committed to the Clink prison, and that the next 
morning six or seven of the men were taken to 
the House of Lords and strictly examined about 
their principles. They freely admitted that " they 
owned no other head of the church but Jesus 
Christ, that no prince had power to malce laws to 
bind the consciences of men, and that laws made 
contrary to the law of God were of no force." 
Crosby states that this church was of the inde- 
pendent order. Fuller says they were Anabap- 



tists ; Crosby's and Mr. Howe's contemporaries 
represent him as a Baptist. The principles his 
people avow are emphatically the doctrines of the 
Baptists. They may have been Independents, 
who added believer's immersion to their Congrega- 
tionalism. Mr. Howe was bitterly persecuted and 
deeply lamented. His reputation as a manly, tal- 
ented, and learned Nun-confoniiist was so favorably 
and widely known, that Crosby tells us "he was 
very famous for his vindication of the doctrines of 
separation." 

Roger Williams, in " The Hireling Ministry," 
etc., says, "Among so many instances, dead and 
living, to the everlasting praise of Christ Jesus 
and of His Holy Spirit, breathing and blessing 
where He listeth, I cannot but with honorable tes- 
timony remember that eminently Christian wit- 
ness and prophet of Christ, even that despised and 
yet beloved Samuel Howe, who, being by calling a 
cobbler and without human learning (probably he 
meant a university education, which Dr. Carey 
never had), which yet in its sphere and place he 
honored, who yet, I say, by searching the Holy 
Scriptures, grew so excellent a textuary, or Scrip- 
ture-learned man, that few of those high rabbies 
that scorn to mend or make a shoe, could aptly or 
readily from the Holy Scriptures outgo him. And, 
however, through the oppressions upon some men's 
consciences, even in life and death, and after death, 
in respect of burying, as yet unthought and un- 
remedied, I say, however, he was forced to seek a 
grave or bed in the highway, yet was his life and 
death and burial (being attended by many hun- 
dreds of God's people) honorable and (how much 
more on his i-ising again !) glorious." 

It is probable that Roger Williams learned 
"soul liberty" from Samuel Howe, whose church 
believed that " the king was only to be obeyed in 
civil matters ;" that " no prince had power to make 
laws to bind the consciences of men." 

Howell, Judge David, was born in New Jer- 
sey in 1747, and graduated at Princeton in 1766. 
By the advice of President Manning he came to 
Rhode Island, and was his associate in the new 
Rhode Island College, just commencing operations 
in Warren. He was appointed Professor of Mathe- 
matics and Natural Philosophy in 1769, and con- 
tinued to give instruction in his department until 
college exercises were suspended in consequence 
of the breaking up of the college in the Revolu- 
tionary war. He was Professor of Law in the 
university for over thirty years, and a Fellow for 
fifty-two years. For many years he ranked among 
the first lawyers of Providence, was a member of 
the Congress of Confederation, and in 1812 was 
appointed U. S. judge for the district of Rhode 
Island, holding the ofiice until the time of his 
death, in 1824. 



HOWELL 



HOWES 



Prof. Goddard, in a sketch of Judge Howell, re- 
marks, " He was endowed with extraordinary tal- 
ents, and he superadded to his endowments exten- 
sive and accurate learning. Upon all occasions 
which made any demands upon him, he gave the 
most convincing evidence of the vigor of his pow- 
ers, and of the variety and extent of his erudition." 

Howell, R. B. C, D.D., was born in Wayne Co., 
N. C, on tiie 10th of March. 1801, and died in 
Nashville, Tenn., on Sunday, April 5, 1868. He 
commenced preaching about 1825, and was or- 
dained, in 1827, in Cumberland Street church, 
Norfolk, Va., where he labored until 1834, after 
which he came to Nashville. Here he built for 
the First Baptist church of Nashville a fine house 
of worship, and gathered a membership of over 
500. He resigned April, 1850, to take charge of 
the Second Baptist church of Richmond, Va., in 
which he labored until the 19th of July, 1857, 
when he returned to the scene of his early suc- 
cesses, where he had acquired the reputation of 
one of the most learned and eloquent divines in 
the country. Here his labors were again attended 
with the same blessings that crowned his efforts in 
past years, until paralysis obliged him to relin- 
quish the pulpit he had filled so acceptably for 
more than a quarter of a century. In the earlier 
days of his ministry he had to contend with the 
anti-missionaries of his own denomination and with 
the followers of Alexander Campbell. He was 
often found in debate with them by voice and pen, 
and he always acquitted himself as a loyal disciple 
of our Lord Jesus Christ. At the request of the 
Tennessee Baptist Convention, in 1854, he wrote a 
work on the ''Terms of Christian Communion," 
of 456 pages, which ran through several editions 
in this country and three or four in England. In 
1846 he published a work entitled " The Deacon- 
ship: its Nature, Qualifications, Relations, and 
Duties," which was issued by the American Bap- 
tist Publication Society, and ran rapidly through 
six editions. " The Way of Salvation" was his next 
literary effort, which passed through several edi- 
tions. A small work entitled " The Evils of In- 
fant Baptism," followed, which caused a good deal 
of newspaper comment from Pedobaptist denomina- 
tions. In 1854 he was the author of a work enti- 
tled "The Cross," which was published by the 
Southern Baptist Publication Society, at Charles- 
ton, S. C, and the Virginia Baptist Sunday-School 
and Publication Society, at Richmond. " The 
Covenants," published by the same societies, was 
written in 1856. These works evince a high order 
of learning, and some of them are authorities in 
the Baptist denomination. His scholarship was 
universally conceded. He was educated in Co- 
lumbian College, Washington, D. C. The degree 
of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by 



Georgetown College, Ky., about the year 1844. 
Besides the works of Dr. Howell just named, he 
died leaving four others in manuscript, upon 
which a great amount of thought and labor were 
l)estowed. " The Early Baptists of Virginia," 
written in 1857, was printed by the American 
Baptist Publication Society, Philadelphia, for his 
children, and isthe only one of the four that has 
been published. As a minister, he was regarded 
as one of the ablest and most learned men in the 
South, and no one exercised a greater or more 
beneficial influence within or outside of the church. 
His life was unspotted, his Christian course was 
marked by the highest virtues. His courtesy and 
kindness of heart made him a universal favorite, 
notwithstanding the fierce theological debates in 
which he was often engaged. He was a thorough 
Baptist, and always jealous of the fair fame of his 
denomination. Dr. Howell was for many years 
president of the Southern Baptist Convention, and 
one of its vice-presidents at the time of his death. 
He had filled also the post of vice-president of 
the American Baptist Historical Society. He was 
a member of the Historical Society of Tennessee, 
and was president of the board of trustees of the 
asylum for the blind, an institution endowed and 
sustained by the State of Tennessee. He adminis- 
tered the ordinance of baptism to an immense num- 
ber of people, first and last, during the long course 
of his ministry. His death occurred on Sunday, 
about noon, at the very hour in which, for more 
than forty years, he had stood up for Jesus in the 
pulpit. For a week before his death he was speech- 
less but conscious. He knew all that was said 
around him ; and when the pastor of the First 
church of Nashville spoke of the infinite pity 
and compassion of the Saviour for his suffering 
servant, he burst into tears. On being asked if he 
saw Jesus, he answered by pointing first to his 
heart and then to heaven. 

In addition to the positions held by Dr. Howell 
already mentioned, he was frequently the modera- 
tor of the Concord Association and other bodies. 
His capacity as a presiding officer of deliberative 
bodies was rare. 

Howes, Prof. Oscar, A.M., was born near Car- 
mel, N. Y., April 20, 1830 ; was converted while 
in college ; graduated from Madison University in 
1850; spent a year at Rochester University; went 
to Europe in 1852, and was abroad two years, de- 
voting his time, with the exception of a few months 
spent in traveling, to the study of the German and 
French languages ; in 1855 became Professor of the 
Greek and Latin Languages in Shurtleff College ; 
in 1863 made a second visit to Europe, spending 
six months at Athens in the study of the Greek 
language, ancient and modern, attending daily lec- 
tures on the latter at the University of 



HOWLETT 



HO FT 



After a tour through Greece, Egypt, and Palestine 
he returned to his duties at Shurtleff. In 1874 he 
accepted the chair of Latin and Modern Languages 
at Madison University, where he still labors. He 
■went abroad for the third time in 1878, accompa- 
nied by his family. 

Hewlett, Rev. Thomas E,., was born in Cam- 
bridgeshire, England, March 19, 1827. He was 
converted in Richfield, 0., when fifteen. He grad- 
uated from Madison University in 1856, and from 
the seminary in 1858. He has been pastor in New 
Brunswick, N. J. ; of the Pearl Street church, 
Albany, N. Y. ; the Central, Trenton, N. J. ; the Cal- 
vary, Washington, D. C. ; in Hudson City, N.Y. ; 
and of the Second church of Plainfield, N. J. 
During his seven years' pastorate in Washington, 
the Calvary church erected and paid for an edifice 
costing $120,000. Mr. Howlett is an able preacher, 
a sound theologian, a successful pastor, and a genial 
and loving Christian. In every way fitted to hold 
the conspicuous positions to which he hjis been 
called, and with many years apparently still before 
him, the denomination may yet expect much val- 
uable services from him. 

Hoyt, Col. James A.— Modestly declines to fur- 
nish any material for a biography. This notice 
will, consequently, be " short." Nearly fifty years 
ago the first Baptist newspaper was published in 
South Carolina. The numerous changes of name 
and place, proprietors and editors, tell the sad tale 
that not one of them was self-sustaining. 

In 1878, Col. Hoyt became proprietor of the 
Working Christian, published in Columbia. He 
soon after removed it to Greenville, and called it 
the Baptist Courier. It has gradually improved 
until he has a paper sustained on business prin- 
ciples; and the brethren owe very much to him 
and his cultured coadjutor, Rev. J. A. Chambliss, 
D.D., for giving them an organ amply worthy of 
the liberal support it is receiving. 

Col. Hoyt is a large-hearted Christian man, who 
enjoys the warm regards of all South Carolina Bap- 
tists, and of many outside our denominational fold. 

Hoyt, James M., LL.D., was born in Utica, 
N. -Y., Jan. 16, 1815: graduated from Hamilton 
College in 1834; read law in Utica and Cleve- 
land, 0. ; engaged in the practice of law until 1853, 
when he turned his attention to the development 
and sale of real estate. In 1835 he united with the 
Baptist church at Utica, and on removing to Cleve- 
land became connected with the First church of 
that city. For twenty-six years was superintend- 
ent of the Sunday-school, and subsequently teacher 
of a large Bible-class. In 1854 he was licensed to 
preach, but has never received ordination. 

In State and national afi'airs Dr. Hoyt has been 
very prominent. In 1854 he was chosen president 
of tiie Ohio Baptist State Convention, and for 



twenty -five years was annually elected to that 
position. He was also chosen president of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society, and was 
annually re-elected until his voluntary retirement 




JAMES M. HOYT, LL.D. 

in 1870. He was for thirteen years president of 
the Cleveland Bible Society. In 1870 he was made 
a member of the Ohio State Board of Equalization, 
— a body requiring great ability and worth. In 
1873 he was appointed to represent the city on the 
Cleveland Board of Public Improvements. 

Dr. Hoyt, while an active and successful lawyer 
and business man, has given himself largely to 
literary studies. His addresses before various bodies 
have always evinced wide study and the best taste. 
He published in the Christian Review, October, 
1863, an analytical and exhaustive article on 
"Miracles." In September, 1879, he also pub- 
lished in the Baptist Review a defense of the in- 
tuitional philosophy, entitled "Theism Grounded 
in Mind," which has been very favorably received. 

Dr. Hoyt was married in 1836 to Miss Mary Ella 
Beebee, in the city of New York. Of six children 
born of this union five are still living. Their eldest 
son, Wayland Hoyt, D.D., is pastor of the Strong 
Place church, Brooklyn, N. Y. Their second son, 
Colgate Hoyt, is in business with his father. James 
H. Hoyt, their third son, and Elton Hoyt, their 
fourth son, are practising law. In 1870 Denison 
University, in consideration of Dr. Hoyt's varied 
talents, services, and learning, conferred upon him 
the honorary degree of LL.D. 

Hoyt, Wayland, D.D., was born in Cleveland, 



HUBBARD 



HUBBARD 



0., Feb. 18, 1838. In 1860 he was graduated from 
Brown University, and in 1863 from Rochester 
Theological Seminary. He was ordained over the 
Baptist church of Pittsfield, Mass. After one year 




WAYLAXD IIOYT, D.D. 

there he removed to Cincinnati, 0., and took charge 
of the Ninth Street Baptist church. Three years 
later he took charge of the Strong Place Baptist 
church, Brooklyn. It was a large and influential 
church, and in this relation began the development 
of his powers as a profound thinker, a scholarly 
writer, and an able preacher. In the hope of es- 
tablishing a great Baptist tabernacle in New York, 
he accepted a call from the Tabernacle Baptist 
church, New York, and commenced services in 
Steinway Hall. It promised well in the beginning, 
but there were insurmountable difficulties, and the 
enterprise was abandoned. He then accepted a 
call to Shawmut Avenue Baptist church, Boston, 
Mass. The Strong Place church, Brooklyn, re- 
called him to that important field, where he now la- 
bors. He is a prolific writer. His contributions 
are eagerly sought by the great leading journals 
of the Baptist denomination. He is the author of 
"Hints and Helps of the Christian Life," and he 
is about to bring out a new work, the subject of 
which is not announced. 

As a preacher, he is earnest, logical, and persua- 
sive. He shows that he has thoroughly investi- 
gated the subject of his discourse. As a platform 
speaker, he is ready, clear, and forcible, and as a 
pastor he is faithful and successful. 

Hubbard, Gov. Richard Bennett, was born 

36 



Nov. 1, 1832, in Walton Co., Ga. ; graduated with 
the degree of A.B. at Mercer University, Penfield, 
Ga., in 1851 ; pursued the law course at the Uni- 
versity of Virginia, and graduated with the degree 
of LL.B. in the Law Department of Harvard Uni- 
versity, Massachusetts ; commenced practising law 
at Tyler, Texas, in 1854 ; was appointed United 
States attorney for the western district of Texas 
by President Franklin Pierce in 1856 ; resigned 
this office to accept a seat in the State Legislature 
of Texas in 1858-59 ; was a delegate to the conven- ^ 
tion which nominated President James Buchanan ; 
during the war between the States he was colonel 
of the 22d Regiment of Texas Infantry; in 1872 
was a Presidential elector ; in 1874 was president 
of the Democratic State convention at Austin ; 
during the same year was elected lieutenant-gov- 
ernor of Texas, and was re-elected to the same 
office in 1876 ; delivered by appointment Centennial 
oration for Texas at Philadelphia in 1876 ; became 
governor of Texas Dec. 1, 1876. All his ancestry 
and his immediate family belong to the Baptist 
Church. " The Baptists are the people of his 
fathers." At fourteen years of age he joined the 
church at Liberty, Jasper Co., Ga. 

Gov. Hubbard is one of nature's noblemen. He 
is a thoroughly learned lawyer, an able statesman, 
and an orator of the highest order, whose utter- 
ances arouse intense enthusiasm among the people. 



/ 




NNETT HUBBARD. 



His administration of the executive office was re- ^' 
markably popular with the people, and had he been 
a candidate for re-election he would have received 



HUBBARD 



HUDSON 



fully two-thirds of the votes of the people at the 
polls. His earnestness in behalf of education, 
virtue, philanthropy, and religion make him a pop- 
ular favorite ; and as he is only yet in the prime 
of his powers, a brilliant and useful future may be 
anticipated for him. 

Hubbard, Rev. William, was born in Boston, 
Mass., Jan. 28, 1778. His early associations were 
not with Baptists, his parents and friends being 
Episcopalians. When he became interested in the 
matter of his personal salvation, he was brought 
under the ministry of Rev. Dr. Stillraan, and he 
united with his church. Encouraged by his pastor, 
he prepared for his life-work, and entered upon 
itinerant labors in Maine and Connecticut. The 
churches which he served as pastor were in the 
western" part of Massachusetts, at Martha's Vine- 
yard, the Third Baptist church in Middleborough, 
and fourteen years were spent at Goshen. He died 
at Lakeville, Mass., Jan. 3, 1858. 

Hiibmaier, Balthazar (Friedberger, Paeimon- 
tanus), is the most honorable name among the 
Anabaptists. He had not the impulsiveness of 
Grebel, nor the brilliancy of Hatzer and Denk ; but 
for calmness, soberness, logical clearness and con- 
sistency, absolute devotion to truth, and freedom 
from important errors, he stands unrivaled by any 
man of the Reformation time. Born in 1480, edu- 
cated at the University of Freiberg, where his prin- 
cipal teacher was John Eck, he spent some years in 
school-teaching, then became tutor at Freiberg, and 
in 1512 followed Eck to Ingoldistadt, where he be- 
came preacher and Professor of Theology. Here 
he was created Doctor of Theology. In 1516 he 
was called to be preacher in the cathedral church 
in Regensburg. His great eloquence led to this 
appointment. Here he preached so powerfully 
against the Jews as to cause their expulsion from 
the city. In 1519 he declared himself for Luther, 
and was driven from Regensburg. In 1522 he be- 
came pastor at Waldshut, near Zurich. Here he 
was among the most zealous of the supporters of 
the Zwinglian doctrine ; but soon came to deny the 
Scripturalness of infant baptism. In 1524 he pub- 
lished eighteen axioms concerning the Christian 
life, in which he set forth his reformatory views, 
and he soon secured from the town council recog- 
nition and protection for the pi-eachers. His writing 
on " Heretics and their Burners" soon followed. 
In this he shows that only those are heretics who 
contradict the Scriptures, especially the devil and 
the papists. This is the earliest and clearest plea 
for liberty of conscience of the Reformation time, 
lie shows that heretics can be overcome by instruc- 
tion only, and that to try to overcome them by 
violence is contrary to the teachings and spirit of 
Christ. In 1525 he wrote against infant baptism, 
and was elaborately answered by Zwingle and 



QEcolampadius. Hiibmaier' s tract against infant 
baptism is an admirable production alike in matter 
and in spirit. The straightforward earnestness 
and Christian courtesy of Hlibmaier's tract are in 
striking contrast with the sophistry and reviling of 
Zwingle' s reply. He was one of the chief participants 
in the disputations with Zwingle during this year. 
Assured of the support of the civil power, Zwingle, 
on these occasions, acted the part, not of a brother 
in Christ, but of a lord, and by his air of superior 
wisdom and authority, by his fluent sophistry, he 
easily persuaded the members of the council that 
his adversaries had been fairly vanquished. Ilii))- 
maier was imprisoned at Zurich, where he suiFered 
great hardship. Having been released from prison, 
he went to Moravia (1526), where Anabaptists 
already existed in considerable numbers. At Nic- 
olsburg he established a strong church, and pub- 
lished in quick succession a large number of tracts 
on ordinances, vrorship, and doctrine. Most of 
these have been preserved, and are among the 
choicest products of the Anabaptist movement. In 
1527 he was taken to Vienna and thrown into 
prison. In 1528 he died heroically at the stake, a 
martyr to his Baptist principles. 

Huckins, Rev. James, was one of the best men 
the writer has ever known. He was born in New 
Hampshire in April, 1807. He was left an orphan 
at four or five years of age, and was baptized at 
fourteen. He graduated at Brown University at an 
early age. He went among the first Baptist min- 
isters to Texas, under the patronage of the Home 
Mission Society. His singular insight into human 
character, his high courage tempered finely with 
gentleness, and, what is no less important, his tact, 
fitted him peculiarly for usefulness among the fron- 
tiersmen. 

After many years of incessant and successful 
labor as a missionary, he became pastor of the 
church in Galveston, where his influence over all 
classes was both wide and deep. The esteem in 
which he was held was manifested by the presenta- 
tion of a heavy pitcher and pair of goblets of solid 
silver, on his departure, from the citizens at large. 

In 1859 he accepted the pastorate of the Went- 
worth Street Baptist church, in Charleston, S. C. 
Here he was ready for every good word and work, 
especially among the poor. From the commence- 
ment of the war his labors in the hospitals in and 
around Charleston were incessant, and in the 
double toils of pastor and chaplain he fell on the 
14th of August, 1863. 

Hudson, Hon. Nathaniel C, was bom in St. 

Johnsbury, Vt., Oct. 9, 1828. After receiving a 
common school education, he entered Leland Semi- 
inary, Vt., and prepared for the Sophomore class in 
college, but went south for his health. In 1852 he 
took charge of Twiggs Academy, in Georgia, where 



HUFF 



555 



HUFHAM 



he proved a popular teacher. He studied law, 
came north, entered the National Law School at 
Poughkeepsie, and graduated in 1855. He then 
removed to Iowa, and entered upon his profession 
at Sioux City. He removed to St. Louis in 18G6. 
Mr. Hudson was elected to the State Legislature 
in 1874 from St. Louis, and served on important 
committees. In 1876 he was elected a senator to 
the General Assembly of Missouri, and served on 
the committees of Ways and Means, Penitentiary, 
Bank and Corporations, Insurance, and Constitu- 
tional Amendments. He is courteous, frank, out- 
spoken, cordial, and popular. His business rela- 
tions are marked by integrity, and his church 
duties by fidelity. He is a member of the Second 
Baptist church of St. Louis. 

Huff, Rev. Jonathan, a useful minister of the 
Hephzibah Association, was born in Warren Co., 
Ga., in August, 1789. Licensed by Little Brier 
Creek church, he was ordained in 1823. In 1829 
he was elected moderator of the Hephzibah Asso- 
ciation, in which capacity he served for thirteen 
years consecutively. His practical good sense and 
sterling integrity and unaffected piety gained him 
the confidence and esteem of his brethren. For 
thirty-one years he was pastor of Ways church, 
and of Keedy Creek church he was pastor thirty- 
seven years consecutively. In addition he labored 
with other churches to an extent which always oc- 
cupied his whole time. A faithful student of the 
Bible, he was a safe expounder of its teachings ; 
conscientious and tender of spirit, he was touching 
in his addresses to the unconverted ; and hence he 
was very successful in winning souls to Jesus and 
in building up churches that were sound in the 
faith. He was indomitably persevering, and pos- 
sessed an equanimity that nothing could disturb. 
He was usually slow of speech, yet few men have 
accomplished more good or exerted a wider influ- 
ence. He was an ardent and intelligent supporter 
of the missionary and temperance causes, and heart- 
ily co-operated with the denomination in its benevo- 
lent enterprises. He died in the vicinity of his 
birthplace on the 25th of November, 1872, at the 
age of eighty-three. 

Hufham, Rev. Geo. W.— Among the older 
living ministers of North Carolina is the Rev. Geo. 
W. Hufham, who was born in 1804; baptized in 
1830 by Rev. Geo. Fennell, began to preach soon 
after, and has served many of the churches of Samp- 
son and Duplin Counties. Mr. Hufham is a gentle- 
man of respectable learning, and in his youth was a 
popular preacher. Ill health has prevented him 
from preaching as much as his heart desired. Hon- 
ored and loved, this good man is resting in the 
Beulah Land, waiting for the call to pass over the 
river. 

Hufham, J. D., D.D. The son of an esteemed 



minister. Dr. Hufham is one of the most noted of 
the living ministers of North Carolina. He was 
born in Duplin Co., N. C, May 26, 1834 ; was fitted 




J. D. HUFHAM, D.D. 

for college by the Rev. Dr. Sprunt, of Keenansville ; 
graduated at Wake Forest College in 1856 ; was 
baptized at the college by Dr. Wingate in Feb- 
ruary, 1855, and ordained in 1857, Revs. A. Guy, 
B. F. Marable, and L. F. Williams comprising the 
Presbytery. In 1861 he purchased the Biblical 
Recorder, which he conducted with distinguished 
success till the close of 1867. For three years he 
was pastor of the Lanyino Creek church, Camden 
Co. He then became corresponding secretary of 
the Baptist State Convention, and, after four years' 
service in this position, became pastor of the Second 
church of Raleigh and associate editor of the Bibli- 
cal Recorder. For the past three years Dr. Huf- 
ham has labored in Scotland Neck, and the ad- 
jacent country for a hundred miles up and down 
the Roanoke River, and so remarkable have been 
the results of his efforts, that it may be truly said 
that, though always active and useful, he never did 
such effective service in the cause of Christ as now. 
Dr. Hufham is a ripe scholar, refined and critical in 
his tastes, a born editor, and the prince of agents. 
He never seems so happy as when managing an 
Association or taking up a collection. He is the 
author of an admirable memoir of Rev. J. L. Prich- 
ard, is a trustee of Wake Forest College, and was 
for many years recording secretary of the State 
Convention. He received his D.D. from his alma 
mater in 1877. 



HUGHES 



556 



HVLL 



Hughes, Rev. Joseph, was born in London, 
Jan. 1, 1769. He was baptized by Dr. Samuel 
Stennetfc into the fellowship of the church in Little 
Wild Street in his native city. He studied for the 
ministry at Bristol College, and at Aberdeen and 
Edinburgh, in Scotland. He was ordained in Bat- 
tersea in 1797. He was appointed secretary of the 
Religious Tract Society of London in 1799, and 
continued to discharge the duties of that office 
during the remainder of his life. 

In 1802 the Rev. Thomas Charles, of Bala, in 
Wales, came to London to secure, through private 
friends, a supply of Welsh Bibles. He appeared 
before the committee of the Religious Tract Society, 
and his appeal was the subject of deliberation at 
several of their meetings. At one of these meet- 
ings Mr. Hughes suggested that Wales was not the 
only part of the empire destitute of the written 
Word of God and requiring assistance ; that Great 
Britain itself was not the only part of Christendom 
which needed to be supplied ; and that it might be 
desirable to form a society which, while it met the 
demands of Wales and the necessities of all parts 
of the British Islands, might be comprehensive 
enough to embrace within its scope the entire world. 
Mr. Hughes was recommended to embody his 
thoughts in writing. In compliance with the re- 
quest he prepared his celebrated paper entitled 
" The Excellency of the Holy Scriptures." In this 
document Mr. Hughes earnestly advocated the im- 
portance of forming an association of Chi'istians 
of all denominations with the sole object of giving 
the Word of Life to the nations. The paper was 
widely circulated, and the plan was approved im- 
mediately by large numbers. After various pre- 
liminary arrangements, a meeting was held at the 
" London Tavern," March 7, 1804, consisting of 
about three hundred persons belonging to various 
denominations, at which the British and Foreign 
Bible Society was formally oi-ganized, and Mr. 
Hughes appointed one of its secretaries. This was 
the first Bible Society in the world, and the parent 
of all similar institutions evei-ywhere. This noble 
organization received its origin and its very name 
from a Baptist. (History of the British and For- 
eign Bible Society, vol. i. pp. 4-9. London, 1859.) 
The thought that started this society on its career 
of usefulness and power was placed in the mind of 
our Baptist brother by the Comforter, the Guardian 
Spirit .of revelation, and of the redeemed race. 

In 1833 Mr. Hughes entered the eternal rest. 
The British and Foreign Bible Society passed reso- 
lutions expressing in the most touching and elo- 
quent terms their appreciation of his exalted worth, 
and of the great loss their institution had suflPered 
in his death. Evangelical Christians in throngs 
lamented the demise of one of the most useful men 
that had toiled for centuries for the spread of pure 



truth. The well-known Jay, of Bath, said of him, 
" I am thankful for my intimacy with him. My 
esteem for him always grew with my intercourse. 
I never knew a more consistent, correct, and un- 
blemished character. He was not only sincere, 
but without offense, and he adorned the doctrine 
of God our Saviour in all things." His long pas- 
torate at Battersea was a great blessing to the 
church which he loved, and by which to the last he 
was tenderly cherished, and it was only terminated 
by his death. 

Hughes, Rowland.— This excellent brother had 
considerable property, which he used largely for 
benevolent purposes. Mr. Hughes was gentle in 
spirit and conservative in his views ; he was ready 
for every good work, and he had the confidence of 
all his brethren and their highest esteem. After a 
protracted and painful illness he died of typhoid 
fever, Feb. 7, 1855. The Baptists of Missouri, 
where he so long lived, cherish his memory with 
great love. 

Hulbert, E. B., D.D., was bom at Chicago, 111., 
July 16, 1841, and was baptized at Burlington 
Flats, N. J., in 1854. Entering Madison Univer- 
sity, he continued in study there through his Ju- 
nior year, taking his Senior year at Union College, 
where he graduated in 1863, and at the theological 
seminary in Hamilton in 1865. His first service 
was in connection with the Christian Commission, 
in Grant's army, while before Richmond, contin- 
uing in this until the close of the war. For three 
years from September, 1865, he was pastor at Man- 
chester, N. H. In November, 1868, he began labor 
with the Rolling Mills Mission at Chicago, and con- 
tinued there until its organization as a church, in 
March, 1870. In that year he accepted a call to 
the First Baptist church, St. Paul, Minn. ; in 1874 
was invited to the First Baptist church, San Fran- 
cisco, Gal. ; and in 1878 became pastor of the 
Fourth Baptist church, Chicago. Dr. Hulbert as a 
thoughtful, earnest, inspiring preacher, has great 
power with intelligent congregations, while as a 
lecturer before the theological seminary at Chicago, 
as well as before ministers' institutes, he has devel- 
oped rare facility in handling profound and weighty 
subjects. 

Hull, Rev. John, was born in Manchester, Nova 
Scotia. He was converted there in 1819 ; engaged 
in missionary labor in Cape Breton in 1821, where 
spirituality in religion was very little known or 
recognized. He was baptized by Rev. Joseph Dim- 
ock in 1825, and ordained at Wilmot, Nova Scotia, 
June 28, 1826. He died Aug. 13, 1829, at Sydney, 
Cape Breton. 

Hull, Rev. Robert Bruce, pastor of the Taber- 
nacle church of New York City, was born Jan. 12, 
1841, in Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. His parents 
shortly after his birth removed to Liverpool, Eng- 



HUMBLE 



HUME 



land, and after remaining there a few years came 
to America and settled at BufiFalo, N. Y., where 
they now reside. His father, Robert Hull, while 
in Liverpool, was one of the preachers to a Scotch 
Baptist church in that city. In -June, 1860, Robert 
B. was baptized into the fellowship of the Cedar 
Street Baptist church of Buffalo. He went to Ten- 
nessee in 1864, and there, with a relative, entered 
into business. Soon the conviction grew upon him 
that he must preach the gospel,, and closing up a 
prosperous establishment, he returned to Buffalo 
to prepare for college. This was done, under a pri- 
vate tutor, in one year. In September, 1867, he 
entered the University of Rochester. While in his 
Freshman year he took charge of a mission Sunday- 
school, near the city, where, on Sunday evening, 
Feb. 16, 1868, he preached his first sermon. God 
set his seal on the work, and about twenty persons 
were converted. Finding that the preparation of 
sermons interfered with college studies, he ceased 
to preach, except in his vacations. His course in 
college was successful. He took the second prize 
for declamation in his Sophomore year ; was 
honorably mentioned in connection with the Greek 
prize, and also for extra studies in French in his 
Junior year ; and received a first prize for the 
Senior prize essay at his graduation. He then en- 
tered the Rochester Theological Seminary, and 
preached through the entire course, chiefly at Roy- 
al ton and Dansville, N. Y. He supplied the Lock- 
port, N. Y., Baptist church during his Senior year 
in the seminary, and accepted a unanimous call to 
become its pastor on his graduation. During this 
year a revival took' place, and, at the request of the 
church, he was ordained Feb. 17, 1874. Over 100 
were baptized as the result of the revival. He con- 
tinued his studies, and graduated in May, 1874. 
During his pastorate at Lockport, the accessions to 
the church by baptism were continuous. Its mem- 
bership was more than doubled. In March, 1877, 
the Tabernacle church of New York, hearing of his 
success, unanimously invited him to become its 
pastor. He accepted the call, and is now the 
honored successor of Everts, Lathrop, Kendrick, 
Hoyt, and Hawthorne. 

Humble, Rev. Henry, a pioneer preacher in 
Louisiana, was born in South Carolina in 1765 ; 
settled in Catahoula Parish, La., 1822, and in 1826 
gathered the First church on the Ouachita ; was 
moderator of the Louisiana Association in 1828, 
and the following year died while attending the 
Association. 

Humble, Rev. Thos. J., the leading minister 
of the Ouachita Baptist Association in Louisiana, 
was born in Caldwell Parish, La., in 1829 ; has 
long been the efficient clerk of his Association, and 
frequently its moderator. 

Hume, Rev. Thomas, was the son of the Rev. 



Thomas Hume, of Edinburgh, Scotland, who, soon 
after his graduation from the university of that 
city, and his ordination as a minister of the Es- 
tablished (Presbyterian) Church, removed to the 
United States. Having settled in Virginia, he 
married there, and united to the duties of his sacred 
calling the office of classical teacher. His only 
child, Thomas, was born in Smithfield, Isle of 
AVight Co., Va., March 15, 1812. The sudden 
death of the father, while in the act of preaching 
the opening sermon as moderator of the Baltimore 
Presbytery, occurred when the son was scarcely six 
years of age. His education was interrupted in his 
sixteenth year by his acceptance of an assistant's 
place in a store in Petersburg, Va. At the age of 
eighteen he made a profession of religion, and 
joined the First Baptist church of Petersburg. His 
marked decision of character, his intellectual 
sprightliness, and his earnest piety attracted the 
attention of the devoted church, and he was soon 
licensed to preach. After a brief but fruitful 
training at the Virginia Baptist Seminary (now 
Richmond College), he made his first attempt at 
pi'eaching in Chesterfield Co., Va. Just before his 
twenty-first year, he was called to the pastorate of 
the Court Street Baptist church, Portsmouth, Va., 
which was then small in numbers and influence, 
as well as burdened with temporal and spiritual 
troubles. His modest and scrupulous reluctance 
was overcome by the kind importunities of the 
community, and the rapid growth of the church, as 
indicated by the erection of a spacious and elegant 
house of worship within four years after his instal- 
lation, and by the increase of the membership from 
a mere handful to 650, proved the wisdom of his 
choice. During this pastorate of nearly twenty- 
five years, his enlightened public spirit, his finan- 
cial knowledge and administrative talent, gave him 
great influence in the commercial and charitable 
enterprises of the city. He was a director of the 
Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad Company, presi- 
dent of the Providence Society, general superin- 
tendent of education in Portsmouth and Noi-folk 
Counties, president of the Portsmouth Insurance 
Company, and prominently connected, also, with 
other institutions. His reputation and usefulness 
in the denomination are attested by the number 
of important positions to which he was called. As 
president of the Virginia Baptist Bible Board, clerk 
and president of the Portsmouth Baptist Associa- 
tion, president of the Baptist General Association 
of Virginia, trustee of the Columbian College (from 
which he received the honorary degree of A.M.), 
and of Richmond College, owner (in part) and treas- 
urer of the Chesapeake Female College, organizer 
and pastor of the Fourth Street Baptist church, Nor- 
folk, Va., he was constantly active in the service 
of God and man. His self-sacrificing interest in 



HUME 



558 



HUMPHREY 



the community to which he gave his consecrated 
life is specially remembered in connection with the 
yellow-fever epidemic, which, in 1855, desolated 
the twin cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth. He was 
the fearless, faithful pastor throughout all those 
sad and weary months, and the special guardian 
and friend of the many orphans, while his complete 
exemption in his own person from the pestilence 
enabled him to multiply his usefulness in every 
direction. As a preacher, Mr. Hume was marked 
for Scriptural soundness of doctrine, spiritual unc- 
tion and pathos, and by practical wisdom. Great 
revivals of religion in his earlier ministry accom- 
panied the orderly and successful administration 
of the work of the church and Sunday-school ; while 
his financial skill was such as to distinguish him 
not only in his profession, but also in business 
circles, yet the sincere fervor of his piety restrained 
his undue absorption in woi-ldly affairs, and kept 
his character and his reputation alike unsullied. 
In the vigorous maturity of his powers, he became 
suddenly enfeebled after exposure in the Virginia 
Baptist Memorial Campaign of 1872, and after two 
years died, lamented and beloved by all who knew 
him. 

Hume, Rev. Thomas, Jr., son of the Eev. 

Thomas Hume and Mary Ann Gregory Hume, 
was born in Portsmouth. Va., Oct. 21, 1836. He 
enjoyed excellent opportunities both at home and 
at the collegiate institute of the city. At the age 
of fifteen he entered Richmond College, where he 
obtained the degree of A.B., followed by that of 
A.M. His studies were continued at the Uni- 
versity of Virginia, where, after graduation in sev- 
eral schools, his course was interrupted by a serious 
illness. While at the university he was one of the 
editors of The Literary Magazine, and president of 
the Young Men's Christian Association. As he 
purposed devoting himself to the business of teach- 
ing, he accepted the professorship of Latin, French, 
and English Literature in Chesapeake Female Col- 
lege, near Old Point Comfort, but had not fairly 
commenced work when the war broke up that 
prosperous institution. During his residence there 
the church in Portsmouth, of which he was a mem- 
ber, corresponded with him with regard to his duty 
to enter the ministry, and learning that his in- 
formal services with the Christian Association had 
been blessed, urged upon him the propriety of ac- 
cepting a license to preach. Having entered the 
Confederate service at the opening of the war, he 
was soon called by the 3d Va. (Infantry) Regi- 
ment to officiate for them, and he received an ap- 
pointment as their chaplain. The authorities, 
however, soon transferred him to the post-chap- 
laincy at Petersburg, Va., a very important hospi- 
tal station, around which the lines of a protracted 
siege were fast closing. 



Since the war Mr. Hume has been at various 
times principal of the Petersburg Classical Insti- 
tute (at the same time supplying country pulpits 
in Sussex and Chesterfield Counties, Va.), Professor 
of Languages and Literature in Roanoke Female 
College, Danville, Va., pastor of the Danville Bap- 
tist church, and of the Cumberland Baptist church, 
Norfolk, Va., and Professor of the English Lan- 
guage and Literature in the Norfolk (Female) 
Collegiate Institute. His interest in literary pur- 
suits, especially in English studies, has accom- 
panied but not interfered with his regular devotion 
to the higher work of the ministry. Mr. Hume is 
an earnest and forcible preacher and a successful 
pastor. As a writer he is vigorous, classical, and 
chaste, and among the younger of the Virginia 
ministers is marked for his genial social quali- 
ties, his intellectual acuteness, and his accurate 
and varied attainments. 

Humphrey, Hon. Friend, was born in Sims- 
bury, Conn., March 8, 1787 ; at nineteen he was 




HON. FRIEND HUMPHREY. 

converted and baptized ; in 1810 he removed to 
Albany, N. Y., and commenced business for him- 
self; in 1811 he was one of the constituent mem- 
bers of the First Baptist church of his adopted 
city ; in 1834 he was one of the constituent mem- 
bers of the Pearl Street church. He was several 
terms mayor of Albany. He was also a member 
of the State senate. He was a man of great courage 
in times of pestilence, and as unselfish as he was 
brave. His liberality was universal; "no im- 
provement, no enterprise, no mission, no charity 



HUMPHREY 



HUNTINGTON 



that commended itself to the wise and liberal," was 
without his aid. It is supposed that his contribu- 
tions to benevolent objects reached $100,000. " He 
was a noble specimen of a man, a universal philan- 
thropist. The name of Friend Humphrey will 
never be forgotten in Albany." He died March 
14, 1854. The stores of the city were closed during 
the services at his funeral ; a profound stillness 
showed the love and sorrow of Albany ; the city 
iroverninent and a large concourse of people fol- 
lowed the remains to their last resting-place, and 
tears fell from many eyes. 

Humphrey, Rev. Luther, was born in Glover, 

Vt., Aug. 19, 1808; died at Augusta, Wis., Aug. 
17, 1876 ; educated at Potsdam Academy and at 
Amherst College. After teaching as the principal 
of Southport Academy, N. Y., he prosecuted a 
course of theological study at Hamilton, N. Y. He 
was settled as pastor at Lorraine, Covington, and 
Massena, in New York, and at Mazomanie and 
Augusta, Wis. For a number of years he was not 
in the active work of the ministry owing to en- 
feebled health. 

Humpstoue, Rev. John, was born in Manches- 
ter, England, May 4, 1850. He is the son of Rev. 
William Humpstone, and came to America with 
his father when a lad. At twelve years of age he 
assisted his father in public worship in Music Hall, 
Worcester, England, by reading from the pulpit 
the Scriptures and the hymns, thus forecasting the 
work of his life. On the 25th of December, 1864, 
he was baptized by Rev. J. E. Cheshire, and became 
a member of the Baptist church of Falls of Schuyl- 
kill, Philadelphia. A few months later he gave 
promise of usefulness by the delivery of an address 
of remarkable ability for one of his age. In 1871 
he was graduated from Lewisburg University, and 
in 1874 from Crozer Theological Seminary. Before 
his studies were completed he was compelled to 
leave school for a year, during which time he sup- 
plied the church in Galway, N. Y. A revival was 
the result, and 43 converts desired to be baptized 
by him, and for this reason a council was called 
and he was ordained at Galway in 1873. His first 
pastorate was at Manayunk, Philadelphia, where 
he was settled in 1874. In 1877 he accepted a call 
to the Calvary Baptist church, Albany, N. Y., where 
at the present writing his labors are greatly blessed. 

Hunt, Rev. Abraham S., A.M., was born near 
Digby, Nova Scotia ; converted and baptized in St. 
John, New Brunswick ; graduated from Acadia 
College, June, 1844 ; ordained at Dartmouth the 
following November •, became co-pastor, in 1847, 
with the venerable Edward Manning, of the Corn- 
wallis church, and his successor in 1851 ; returned 
to Dartmouth in 1869 ; appointed superintendent 
of education in Nova Scotia in 1870, and consci- 
entiously performed his duties till he died, in 1877. 



Hunt, Rev. George, was born in Fayette Co., 
Ky., June 9, 1831. He united with East Hickman 
Baptist church in 1844 ; was educated at George- 
town College, and graduated in 1849. He was or- 
dained to the pastorate of Maysville Baptist church 
in 1856. In 1858 he was elected Professor of The- 
ology in Georgetown College, where he remained 
until 1861. In 1862 he was elected president of 
Bethel College, and occupied the position two years. 
He has since been pastor of Main Street Baptist 
church, in Bowling Green, the First Baptist church 
in Lexington, the church at Versailles, and is now 
pastor of the church at Hillsborough, AVoodford 
Co., all in Kentucky. He has baptized about 400 
persons into the churches of which he has been 
pastor. He is now conducting a school at Ver- 
sailles in connection with his pastoral work. 

Hunt, Judge Joseph D., was bom in Fayette 
Co., Ky., in 1838. He is a brother of Rev. George 
Hunt, who, on the death of their father, became 
his guardian and superintended his education. He 
graduated with the honors of a class of forty-nine 
at Center College, Ky., in 1857. He graduated in 
the law department of the University of Louisville. 
In 1862 he entered the Confederate army as a vol- 
unteer, and remained until the close of the war. 
On the return of peace he resumed his profession. 
In 1873 he was appointed by Gov. Leslie judge of 
the tenth judicial district of Kentucky to fill a 
vacancy caused by the death of Judge Thomas. In 
1874 he was elected by the people to the same po- 
sition and served six years, but declined re-election 
and resumed the practice of law. He is an hon- 
ored member of East Hickman Baptist church. 

Huntington, Adoniram Judson, D.D., the 
youngest son of the Rev. Elijah Huntington, was 
born in Braintree, Vt., July 6, 1818. Though he 
lost his father before he was ten years of age, yet 
he was blessed, during his boyhood and youth, with 
the careful guidance of a mother eminent for pru- 
dence and tenderness, and for consistent and earnest 
piety. At the age of thirteen he united with the 
Baptist church in Braintree, of which his father 
was for a long period the pastor. He entered, in 
September, 1837, the Freshman class in Brown 
University. Here he remained less than a month, 
on account of that ill health which had before, as 
it has often since, been a serious obstacle to his in- 
tellectual pursuits, and from this cause he was 
compelled to suspend his studies for an entire year, 
the latter part of which he spent with a very kind 
relative and benefactor, the late Dr. Eleazer Parmly. 
in the city of New York. In the pleasant home of 
this gentleman he passed also the following year, 
at the same time pursuing his studies as a member 
of the Freshman class of the Columbia College. 
In this class he attained the second place in schol- 
arship, the Hon. A. S. Hewitt having occupied the 



HUNTINGTON 



HUNTINGTON 



first. In September, 1839, he returned to Brown 
University, where he spent the Sophomore and a 
part of- the Junior year, when failing health made 
it necessary for him again to leave college. Soon 




ADONIRAM JUDSON" HUNTINGTON, D.D. 

afterwards he engaged as a teacher, as in those 
days so many Northern students were accustomed 
to do, in the more genial climate of the South, and 
in this occupation passed a year and a half in Mid- 
dlesex Co., Va. Fearing the rigors of a Northern 
climate, he completed his collegiate course at the 
Columbian College, D. C, where he graduated in 
October, 1843. Immediately after he became tutor 
in the same institution in the Greek and Latin lan- 
guages. In June, 1844, he married Miss Bettie G. 
Christian, the daughter of Dr. R. A. Christian, of 
Middlesex Co., Va. Having filled the office of 
tutor for three years, he was elected professor of 
the same departments, and after filling this position 
with great success for three years, he resigned it 
for the purpose of entering upon what he regarded 
as the chosen vocation of his life, — the ministry of 
the gospel, — and was ordained in June, 1849. His 
first pastoral charge was in Lexington, Ya., which 
he relinquished (and to which he was afterwards 
again invited) for a wider field of labor in Chelsea, 
Mass. After a year of successful service in the 
First Baptist church of this place (having been 
called also at a later period to the Carey Avenue 
Baptist church of Chelsea), he received an unso- 
licited invitation to resume his former professorship 
in the Columbian College, which, from considera- 
tions of health, he accepted. After occupying this 



chair for seven years he again retired from it, in 
1859, in hopes of being able to resume the duties 
of the ministry. After spending between one and 
two years in Farmville, Va., where his labors were 
signally blessed, he accepted, in September, 1860, a 
call from the First Baptist church of Augusta, Ga., 
and in this field, which was regarded as one of the 
most important in the denomination in the South, 
and in those troublous war times he so discharged 
the duties of his office for some five years that, with 
the divine blessing, the peace and prosperity of the 
church were promoted. Within this period he was 
selected to deliver, at the Georgia Baptist State 
Convention, an annual address before the Bible and 
Colportage Society, and again to preach the annual 
sermon on ministerial education. Soon after the 
resignation of the charge of this church, in August, 
1865, he was again invited to the Columbian Col- 
lege to fill the Greek professorship, on which he 
entered in September, 1866. This position he has 
ever since occupied, excepting some fifteen months 
spent in Europe in 1867-68, partly in travel in 
pursuit of health as well as knowledge, and partly 
in study at Athens and Heidelberg. During the 
periods of his professorship he has given a consid- 
erable part of his Sabbaths to the preaching of the 
gospel. He published while in Augusta a tract of 
some thirty pages on the " Moral and Religious 
Training of Children," and in April, 1877, in the 
Baptist Quarterly, an article on " Ancient Attica 
and Athens ;" besides which he has made occa- 
sional contributions to religious journals. He re- 
ceived the degree of D.D. from Brown University 
in 1868. Dr. Huntington as an educator is clear, 
thorough, and exact; as a preacher impressive and 
instructive ; and as a man genial, aff'able, and of 
" good report of them which are without." 

Huntington, Rev. Elijah, was born in Mans- 
field, Conn., Aug. 21, 1763. His ancestors settled 
in that State at an early period, and from them has 
sprung the numerous family of Iluntingtons in 
Connecticut and other States. He was a soldier 
of the Revolutionary army, and soon after its close 
he removed to Vermont, where he was employed 
for a time as a teacher. When about twenty-seven 
years of age he was converted, and united with the 
Baptist church at Royalton. In June, 1800, he 
was ordained in Braintree, Vt., as an evangelist. 
Immediately he became pastor of the Baptist church 
in that town, and he held this ofiice till his death, 
June 24, 1828. 

Mr. Huntington had a strong, discriminating, and 
well-balanced mind. He was a successful teacher 
of youth, a forcible and acceptable speaker, and an 
instructive preacher of the gospel. In every rela- 
tion of life he may be said to have been an example 
worthy of imitation. 

In regard to his piety, it may probably be .safely 



HUNTINGTON 



HURD 



asserted that no man in the region in which he 
lived was more distinguished for a holy and blame- 
less life. It seemed to be his constant aim to know 
and to do the will of that Master to whom he had 
devoted himself without reserve. " The law of God 
seemed to be engraven on his heart." From the 
very thought of violating the divine commands he 
apparently shrunk with horror. And yet he placed 
a very low estimate upon, his own piety ; his hu- 
mility was one of his most striking characteristics. 

As a preacher he thoroughly and prayerfully 
studied the Bible, clearly expounded its doctrines, 
and faithfully enforced its precepts. His sermons 
were thoughtful, able, evangelical, earnest, and 
faithful. " Occasionally he rose above himself, 
and, as though endued with extraordinary power, 
presented truth in a manner the most clear and 
impressive." 

His influence was extensive, permanent, and in 
every respect salutary. Nor were his efforts to do 
good limited to his own neighborhood. " He was 
an ardent friend of foreign missions, and prayed 
and labored, as well as gave of his substance, for 
the spread of the gospel. His end was peace. In 
view of it he said, " I wish not to choose for my- 
self; I think it is my greatest desire that God may 
be glorified by me in life and in death." 

Abiographical notice of Mr. Huntington appeared 
in the American Baptist Magazine of February, 1829, 
written by Rev. A. Nichols, of blessed memory, then 
pastor of the Congregational church in Braintree, 
who, for twenty years, lived only three or four miles 
from Mr. Huntington. Appended to that obituary 
the following note appears : Mr. Huntington was at 
the house of a friend, when conversation was casu- 
ally introduced respecting Mr. Nichols. Mr. Hunt- 
ington remarked, " I do not know of a man I should 
be willing to exchange for Mr. Nichols." Not long 
after Mr. Nichols was at the same place, and con- 
versation was in a similar manner introduced 
concerning Mr. Huntington. Mr. Nichols ob- 
served, " I do not know of a man I should be will- 
ing to exchange for Mr. Huntington." The refer- 
ences to each other mentioned in this note show 
both the high chai-acter of the two men and their 
mutual friendship. 

Huntington, Rev. Joseph, son of Rev. Elijah 
Huntington, was born in Braintree, Vt., July 27, 
1811. In the ordinary frivolities of childhood and 
youth he had little disposition to engage. He was 
habitually serious and contemplative, and often 
exhibited deep convictions of sin and anxiety for 
his salvation. It was not, however, till the revival 
of 1831 that he found peace in believing, and united 
with the Baptist church in Braintree. As he had 
felt a deep and most painful sense of his need of 
Christ as a Saviour, so his love to him was ardent 
and his consecration unreserved. Having deter- 



mined to devote himself to the ministry of the gos- 
pel, he commenced the study of the Greek and Latin 
languages, in which he made great progress. He 
entered Middlebury College, in his native State, 
from which, at the expiration of four years (in 
1837), he graduated, having maintained during his 
whole course a standing second to no one in his 
class. As a proof of the estimation in which he 
was held by his fellow-students they assigned to 
him the most honorable part in the anniversary 
exercises of their literary society on the day be- 
fore commencement, while the offer of a tutorship 
in the college, soon after his graduation, showed 
the respect entertained for him by the faculty of 
the institution. This, however, he did not accept. 
In 1838 he entered the theological institution at 
Newton, Mass. ; but, in hope of finding the duties 
of a country pastor more favorable to his declining 
health, and in consideration of the pressing need 
of ministers in his native State, he reluctantly re- 
turned to Vermont in less than a year, and was 
ordained as pastor of the Baptist church in East 
Williamstown. After a few months of very ac- 
ceptable and useful service he was compelled to 
relinquish all ministerial duties. Soon afterwai-ds, 
to recruit his health, he went to South Carolina 
and Georgia, where he passed a winter, but in the 
following spring he returned to Vermont without 
improvement. Here, at the home of his mother, he 
lingered for a year, and died of consumption April 
26, 1843. Thus prematurely passed away this de- 
voted servant of Christ, who nevertheless had lived 
long enough to secure the high esteem, the warm 
friendship, and the strong confidence of all who 
knew him well. His mind was strong and logical. 
He had great power of acquiring knowledge as well 
as untiring industry. He was a speaker of uncom- 
mon readiness, conciseness, earnestness, and force. 
His sermons were methodical, lucid, and pungent. 
His piety was ardent and consistent, characterized 
by deep feeling, and still more by inflexible prin- 
ciple. Nothing could make him swerve from what 
he deemed to be right. His conduct was not only 
above reproach, but also above suspicion. He 
seemed to have brought his passions and appetites, 
his heart, his intellect, and his will into subjection 
to Christ. The delineation, indeed, of his char- 
acter would be an enumeration of the virtues that 
most adorn the man and of the graces that most 
closely liken the Christian to his Master. 

As his grand aim in life was to do the divine 
will, so he cheerfully submitted to that will when 
he saw his earthly career coming to so early a close, 
and at last, knowing in whom he believed, he calmly 
and even joyfully committed his soul to his keep- 
ing. 

Hurd, Rev. James Christie, M.D., was born 
in Nova Scotia, April 17, 1829. He early prepared 



HURLEY 



HUTCHINSON 



himself for the practice of medicine, but soon felt 
that it was his duty to preach. In 1873 he became 
pastor of the Cedar Street Baptist church, Buifalo, 
N. Y. While residing in Buffalo he practised medi- 
cine for a time, and afterwards occupied an edito- 
rial position on the Bufi'alo Express. From Buffalo 
he went to St. Thomas, Ontario, as pastor of the 
Baptist church. He came to Iowa in 1876 and 
took charge of the Baptist church at Marshall- 
town, and soon became identified with his brethren 
of the State in all the general interests of the de- 
nomination. In October, 1878, he was elected 
president of the Iowa Baptist State Convention, 
and was re-elected in 1879, always meeting the du- 
ties of this position with signal ability. In 1878 
he became pastor of the First Baptist church, Bur- 
lington. He died in the harness on Sunday, Dec. 
21, 1879. 

Hurley, Rev. William, was born in Warwick- 
shire, England, Feb. 5, 1795. At eighteen he was 
converted and soon commenced preaching. He 
was ordained in 1822. Preached for ten years in 
England with marked success. In 1828 he came 
to America ; preached a year in Providence, R. I., 
and afterwards came to St. Louis, Mo. In 1831 he 
took chai-ge of the Fee Fee Baptist church. He 
was at the organization of the General Association 
of Missouri in 1835, and that year he became pas- 
tor of the Palmyra church, and afterwards of Bethel 
Baptist church. Subsequently for years he labored 
as an evangelist. He was earnest, self-denying, 
and vei'y successful in leading souls to Jesus. 

Dr. Fisk wrote his memoir, which shows that he 
was a man of unusual talent, culture, and elo- 
quence. His last addi-ess was at the laying of the 
corner-stone of an institution of learning. He was 
a Mason of high standing and lectured eloquently 
to the " craft." He loved standard literature, and 
advocated its study. He was a man of deep piety ; 
his memory will long be lovingly cherished in Mis- 
souri, and his influence for good be perpetuated. 
He died Aug. 3, 1856, in Troy, Lincoln Co., Mo., 
in the sixty-first year of his life. 

Hutchens, Prof. Allen Sabin, a native of Spaf- 

ford, Onondaga Co., N. Y., was born Dec. 8, 1817. 
He spent his early youth in Medina, N. Y. When 
but a boy his father removed to Adrian, Mich., 
where he grew up to manhood. He was educated 
at Denison University, Granville, 0., from which 
he graduated in 1843. He subsequently studied 
theology at Newton, Mass. He taught at Denison 
University and at the Baptist Academy at Norwalk, 
O. But the chief work of his life has been done in 
connection with Wayland University, at Beaver 
Dam, Wis. He was called to the presidency of 
this institution in 1857, and has been connected 
with it, with the exception of a few years, through- 
out its entire history. Prof. Hutchens is a Chris- 



tian teacher of fine culture and attainments. He 
stands high as a Greek scholar. He has been a 
hard worker, and in the very prime of his life, with 
health so impaired as to prevent his further labor 
in the class-room, at present he is living in retire- 
ment at Beaver Dam. 

Hutchins, Rev. Hiram, was educated at Madi- 
son University ; ordained in Richfield, N. Y., in 
August, 1840 ; served the church of Charlestown, 
Mass., as pastor, and the church of Roxbury, and in 
1-J60 took charge of a church in Brooklyn, of which 
lie is still the beloved pastor. For several years he 
was president of the American Baptist Free Mis- 
sion Society. His long ministry of forty years has 
been blessed with many tokens of divine approba- 
tion. 

Hutchinson, Rev. Elijah, was born in Marion, 
N. Y., June 7, 1810, and removed with his parents 
to Newport, N. H., when he was a child. He was 
baptized by Rev. Ira Pearson. Impressed that it 
was his duty to preach the gospel, he studied at 
New Hampton, and at Portsmouth, under the 
tuition of Dr. Baron Stow, and took the full 
course at Nevvton. In the autumn of 1834 he was 
ordained pastor of the church at Windsor, Vt., and 
continued in office for twenty years. After sus- 
pending his work for two years, he resumed his 
pastorate with the church at Windsor, where he 
labored for five years longer. This ministry of 
twenty-five years with one church, his only charge, 
was full of blessing to his people. His labors also, 
at times, extended beyond his more immediate field, 
and the feeble churches in his neighborhood en- 
joyed the benefit of his instructions. He came to 
be regarded as a leader in all good enterprises, and 
his counsels were sought and followed by those 
who asked his advice. He enjoyed a very large 
measure of the respect and esteem of his brethren 
in Vermont, and left the impress of his Christian 
influence upon the Baptist cause in that State. 
Mr. Hutchinson died at Windsor, April 5, 1872. 

Hutchinson, Rev. Elisha, was born in Sharon, 
Conn., Dec. 22, 1749. After his conversion, at 
twenty, there seemed to be an awakening of his in- 
tellectual powers. He longed to preach the gospel, 
which had done so much for him. He commenced 
a course of preparatory study under the tuition of 
Rev. Dr. Wheelock, at Lebanon, Conn., and joined 
the Congregational chui-ch of which his instructor 
was the pastor. He was a member of the first class 
that graduated at Dartmouth College in 1775. 
Shortly after leaving college he was licensed as an 
evangelist, and preached some years, when he was 
ordained in the year 1778 as pastor of the Congre- 
gational church in Westford, Conn., where he re- 
mained five years. In 1785 he accepted a call to 
the Congregational church in Pomfret, Vt., where 
he remained for about ten years. For the next few 



HUTCHINSON 



563 



HUTCHINSON 



years he supplied churches in Vermont and Massa- 
chusetts. In 1800 he changed his views on the 
mode and subjects of Christian baptism, and became 
a decided Baptist. After various charges he was 
invited to become the pastor of the Baptist church 
in Newport, N. H., in 1814. Four years after, he 
was blessed with a powerful revival of religion, and 
in about ten months 110 united with the church, 
adding very greatly to its efficiency. After this 
revival, feeling the infirmities of age, Mr. Hutch- 
inson resigned his pastorate, but remained a res- 
ident in the place where his labors had been so 
signally blessed until his death, which occurred 
April 19, 1833. 

Hutchinson, Rev. Enoch, was born in Marion, 
N. Y., in -June, 1810, and was a graduate of Water- 
ville College in the class of 1834, and of the New- 
ton Theological Institution in the class of 1837. 
He was ordained in Boston, Nov. 26, 1837. lie was 
pastor of the church in Framingham, Mass., one 
year, and Professor of Theology in the Maine Bap- 
tist Theological Institute at Thomaston, Me., for 
one year. For some time he was editor of the 
Baptist Memorial,- — -1846-51. The results of his 
Oriental studies are embodied in his " Syriac Gram- 
mar." lie is the author of " Music of the Bible." 
Mr. Hutchinson has resided for several years in 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Hutchinson, Gov. John, was born at Notting- 
ham, England, in September, 1616. He was the 
son of Sir Thomas Hutchinson, and of the Lady 
Margaret, daughter of Sir John Biron, of New- 
stead. AVhen he reached a proper age he spent five 
years in the University of Cambridge, where he 
greatly improved his opportunities for acquiring a 
superior education. After his marriage, which oc- 
curred July 3, 1638, he retired with his wife to 
Owthorpe, near Nottingham. There his mind be- 
came deeply exercised about religion, and he spent 
two entire years in the study of divinity. During 
this period he was enabled to put his whole trust 
in the Saviour, and he was led to see that salvation 
never entered a human heart thi-ough free will or 
creature merits, but through sovereign grace and 
the blood of Christ. From that period his faith 
warmly embraced the doctrine of God's election 
and of his minute overruling providence. He cher- 
ished a fervent love for the Saviour and his people, 
and a tender compassion for the impenitent and for 
personal enemies. The cavaliers and high-church- 
men of his day, the men who caught the spirit 
of Archbishop Laud and his fellow-conspirators 
against Christ's truth and British liberty, were all 
Arminians, and Mr. Hutchinson was necessarily 
placed in the ranks of the defenders of the Com- 
monwealth. 

In the struggle which resulted in the overthrow 
and death of Charles I., he was made governor of 



the castle and town of Nottingham, and he became 
colonel of a regiment which he raised. The castle 
was a ruin and the town was full of traitors, some 
of whom were fitted by talents and malice to give 




GOV. JOHN HUTCHINSON. 

much trouble. Nottingham was a place of great 
impoi'tance to Charles and the Parliament. Under 
the care of the new governor the castle was greatly 
strengthened, and forts were erected to guard the 
town, malcontents were kept in check, the love of 
liberty was fostered, and the best interests of the 
people were secured. Repeated attacks of the foe 
were ignominiously defeated, and difliculties that 
overwhelmed others, and that would have crushed 
any ordinary leader, were surmounted with ease 
and honor. And when the sword of the king could 
not conquer the valiant governor and his men, im- 
mense sums of money were offered to corrupt Gov. 
Hutchinson and secure the stronghold. But it was 
held for the Parliament until Charles lost his head 
and the civil war was ended. 

The fame of the governor spread all over his 
country. His skill, heroism, patience, and success 
made him dear to the hearts of all the friends of 
liberty in his native country. He was elected to 
the House of Commons, and he occupied a con- 
spicuous and influential place in its debates. 
Cromwell early saw his extraordinary ability, and 
tried to enlist him on his side, but the governor 
quickly penetrated the selfish schemes of the future 
" uncrowned king" of England, and though Ireton, 
the son-in-law of Cromwell, was his cousin and 
trusted friend, he speedily informed the hero of 



HUTCHINSON 



HUTCHINSON 



Marston Moor that he had not fought against one 
tyrant to assist in building the throne of another. 
And from that moment the coming Protector used 
every art to keep him from military promotion. 
Had it not been for Cromwell, Gov. Hutchinson 
would have been in a position, in all human prob- 
ability, to have perpetuated a republic in the British 
Islands. He was one of the judges that tried 
Charles I., and signed his death-warrant. 

After the return of Charles II. the English peo- 
ple for a time acted as if a wave of insanity had 
swept over the nation ; the son of a deceitful and 
bloodthirsty despot, himself a treacherous libertine, 
was hailed with rapturous joy wherever he went; 
the enthusiasm was so general that hosts of the 
followers of Cromwell were carried away either 
through terror or a change of mind, and they made 
the air ring with their shouts for the king. . The 
governor during this period of national madness 
kept his mind calm, and his heart courageous in 
his God, and while he took proper measures to pro- 
tect himself he recanted no principle, he denied no 
act, he betrayed no friend. In a time when life 
could be purchased and large estates protected by 
information treacherously imparted, any amount 
of which was at his disposal, repeated opportunities 
to communicate which were given him by the at" 
torney-general and others, he despised the mean- 
ness so common and so frequently commended of 
protecting himself by the sacrifice of others. 

For a season he was unmolested at Owthorpe. 
lie carefully attended to home duties, avoiding all 
connection with politics, expounding the Scriptures 
on the Lord's day to his family instead of attending 
the ministry of some semi-Catholic in the parish 
church. But at last he was arrested, and soon after 
he was removed to the Tower of London, and from 
it he was taken to Sandown Castle, in Kent, where 
he died Sept. 10, 1664, in the forty-ninth year of 
his age. During the eleven months of his impris- 
onment he enjoyed a large measure of the sustain- 
ing grace of God, and a foretaste of heavenly 
blessedness made his death-bed a scene of special 

joy- 

Gov. Hutchinson believed that in religious aflfiiirs 
secular legislation had no place. He abhorred all 
persecution for conscience' sake. When George 
Fox, the founder of the " Society of Friends," was 
imprisoned in Nottingham, he extended to the per- 
secuted Quaker his powerful protection. 

He was a man of fearless courage, and when he 
saw his friends of the Commonwealth butchered by 
the bloody mandates of King Charles II., he was 
only restrained by his wife from giving himself up 
to die with them. 

He and Mrs. Hutchinson became Baptists in this 
way: "When formerly the Presbyterian ministers 
had forced him, for quietness' sake, to go and break 



up a private (religious) meeting in the cannonier's 
chamber (of Nottingham Castle), there were found 
some notes concerning Pedobaptism, which were 
brought into the governor's lodgings, and his wife 
then having more leisure to read than he, having 
perused them and compared them with the Scrip- 
tures, found not what to say against the truths they 
asserted concerning the misapplication of that 
ordinance to infants; but being then young and 
modest, she thought it a kind of virtue to submit 
to the judgment and practice of most churches, 
rather than to defend a singular opinion of her 
own, she not being then enlightened in that great 
mistake of the national churches. But in this year, 
expecting to become a mother, she communicated 
her doubts to her husband, and desired him to en- 
deavour her satisfaction ; which while he did, he 
himself became as unsatisfied, or rather satisfied 
against it. First, therefore, he diligently searched 
the Scriptures alone, and could find in them no 
ground at all for that practice : then he bought and 
read all the eminent treatises on both sides, which 
at that time came thick from the presses, and was 
still more satisfied of the error of the Pedobaptists. 
After the confinement of his wife, that he might if 
possible give the religious p^rty no offense, he in- 
vited all the ministers to dinner, and propounded 
his doubt and the ground thereof to them. None 
of them could defend their practice with any satis- 
factory reason but the tradition of the church from 
the primitive times, and their main buckler of fed- 
eral holiness, which Tombs and Denne had so ex- 
cellently overthrown. He and his wife then pro- 
fessing themselves unsatisfied in the practice, de- 
sired their opinions what they ought to do. Most 
answered, to conform to the general practice of 
other Christians, how dark soever it were to them- 
selves ; but Mr. Foxcraft, one of the Assembly 
(which framed the Westminster Confession of 
Faith), said that except they were convinced of the 
warrant of that practice from the Word they sinned 
in doing it: whereupon the infant was not baptized. 
And now the governor and his wife, notwithstand- 
ing that they forsook not their assemblies, nor re- 
tracted their benevolences and civilities from them, 
yet were they reviled by them, called fanatics and 
anabaptists, and often glanced at in their public 
sermons. And not only the ministers but all their 
zealous sectaries conceived implacable malice 
against them upon this account ; which was carried 
on with a spirit of envy and persecution to the 
last; though he, on his side, might well have said 
to them, as his Master said to the old Pharisees, 
' Many good works have I done among you ; for 
which of those do you hate me?' Yet the general- 
ity even of them had a secret conviction upon them 
that he had been faithful to them and deserved their 
love ; and in spite of their own bitter zeal, could 



HUTCHINSON 



HUTCHINSON 



not but have a reverent esteem for him whom they 
often railed at for not thinkino; and speaking ac- 
cording to their opinions." (Life of Colonel Hutch- 
inson, by his Widow Lucy, pp. 299, 300, 301. Lon- 
don, 1846.) 

This Christian hero, a graduate of Cambridge, 
like Judson, Noel, Carson, Dunster, and a host of 
others, sacrificed his feelings, his friendships, his 
interests, and his social comfort for no earthly gain, 
but for heaven-born truth. Gov. Hutchinson is an 
illustration of the resistless force of God's pure 
Word. 

Hutchinson, Rev. John Blanchard, was born 
in Long Sutton, Lincolnshire, England, Dec. 16, 
1825. His father was a respected minister of the 
Wesleyan body, and under his faithful labors his 
son was awakened. He also united with the Wes- 
leyans, by whom he was licensed when but eighteen 
years of age. He came to America in May, 1856, 
and was minister in charge of the Methodist Epis- 
copal church. South Orange and Jefferson Village, 
nearly three years. 

His views of Bible truth becoming more ma- 
tured he was baptized by Rev. William Hind, and 
entered into the membership of Northfield Baptist 
church, by which he was licensed to preach. Od 
Oct. 1, 1860, he was ordained, and assumed charge 
of the Livingston church, in Essex Co., N. Y. Mr. 
Hutchinson has won for himself a strong place in 
the hearts of his brethren, and has rendered good 
service in the Olivet church, Philadelphia, the Cen- 
tennial in Wilkesbarre, and in the Hatboro' church, 
Montgomery Co., Pa., where he now labors. 

Hutchinson, Mrs. Lucy, was born the 29 th of 
January, 1620, in the Tower of London. Her 
father was Sir Allen Apsley, governor of the 
Tower ; her mother was Lucy, daughter of Sir John 
St. John, of Lidiard Treegooze, Wiltshire, England. 
Her parents were both the children of God, and by 
precept and example from her earliest years showed 
her the blessedness of a holy life. 

When about seven years old she had eight 
teachers in as many different branches : languages, 
music, dancing, needlework, and writing. She 
hated needlework, and cared nothing for music 
and dancing. When children came to see her she 
wearied them with grave instructions, and treated 
their dolls so roughly that they were glad when she 
forsook their company for the society of older per- 
sons. Books were everything to her even in child- 
hood; during hours intended for amusement she 
was reading, and at all other times when she had 
an opportunity. And when she reached woman- 
hood her information was equal to that of any 
young lady in England, if she was not the best-in- 
formed woman in her country. Soon after she 
ceased to be a mere child she was called by Jesus 
into the kingdom of his grace ; and she entered 



upon his service with a heart wholly his, and 
without a doubt of his love for her. This blessed 
condition fitted her to despise her own fancies, and 
every form of danger, and made Christ the Lord of 




MRS. LUCY HUTCHINSON. 

all her doctrines, and of her entire conduct. After 
her marriage with Mr. Hutchinson, when he was ap- 
pointed governor of the castle and town of Notting- 
ham, she went with him ; and when the horrors of 
war visited Nottingham there was not a braver 
heart in the place than Mrs. Hutchinson's. 

When five of her husband's soldiers were wounded 
and carried to the castle, and there was no surgeon 
to dress their wounds, with some assistance from a 
soldier, this young lady fearlessly bound up the 
bleeding limbs and bodies of the sufi"erers ; and 
seeing some of the enemy carried in as prisoners 
in the same unfortunate situation, and consigned 
to a miserable dungeon, crowded with other pris- 
oners, she sent for them and cleansed and bound up 
their wounds, while Capt. Palmer, an officer on her 
husband's side in the civil war, was helping her by 
declaring that " his soul abhorred to see this favor 
to the enemies of God." 

Throughout life she ever showed a strong faith, 
a generous benevolence, and a lofty courage. She 
adopted Baptist sentiments from reading the notes 
foundin thecannonier'sroom, in Nottingham Castle, 
where the Baptist soldiers had held a prayer-meet- 
ing ; and from comparing them with the Scriptures; 
her husband, after careful and protracted examina- 
tion, followed her example. But not all her quick- 
ness to perceive aflfronts ; nor the exquisite pain 



HUTCHINSON 



566 



HYMNS 



inflicted by them upon her refined feeling ; nor the 
certainty that insults, if not severe wrongs, would 
be heaped upon her for becoming a Baptist, could 
keep her from honoring and obeying her Lord. 
She confessed her principles in the most public way, 
in an age when Baptists alone understood Christ's 
law of religious liberty. 

She helped her husband with more than the 
power of half a dozen ordinary men ; and then she 
wrote his "Memoirs" in a style so charming and 
eloquent that it chains the reader from beginning 
to end. I doubt very much if in the seventeenth 
century, except the " Pilgrim's Progress," there was 
another book written in prose by such a masterly 
pen as that of Lucy Hutchinson. It is the best 
biography in the English language, and one of the 
most popular that ever was written in any tongue. 

Hutchinson, Rev. William, was born in Drum- 

lamph, Ireland, in August, 1795, of Scotch-Irish 
parents; came to the United States in 1818; en- 
tered Hamilton in 1821 ; ordained on leaving the 
institution, and laboi-ed as a missionary for three 
years in his native land ; returned to this country 
in 1827, and has been pastor of seven churches in 
New York, and of Lower Dublin, Pa. Mr. Hutch- 
inson has been blessed in delivering his glorious 
message, and he has walked with God in his own 
heart. 

Hyatt, S.ev. B. C, pastor at Monticello, Ark., 
was born in South Carolina in 1815 ; removed to 
Arkansas in 1846 ; ordained in 1857. His labors 
have been chiefly confined to the counties of Brad- 
ley, Drew, Ashley, and Lincoln ; has gathered 
seven churches in his field, and baptized about one 
thousand persons. 

Hyde, Rev. G. W., son of Richard and Eliza D. 
Hyde, was born near Chancellorsville, in Spottsyl- 
vania Co., Va., March 25, 1838. When a little 
more than one year old his parents removed to 
Missouri and settled near Keytesville, Chariton 
Co., where he was reared. He professed conver- 
sion and united with the Keytesville Baptist church 
in May, 1853. He entered the State University at 
Columbia, Mo., in September, 1855, and graduated 
with honors in July, 1859. In September, 1859, 
he entered the Southern Baptist Theological Semi- 
nary, then located at Greenville, S. C, and gradu- 
ated in full in 1862. He was licensed to preach 
while a student at the university by the church in 
Columbia, and was ordained at Peterville church, 
Powhatan Co., Va., in August, 1863. He has twice 
been made financial agent of William Jewell Col- 
lege, and has been pastor at Keytesville and Bruns- 
wick, in Chariton Co., and also at Mount Nebo, 
Beulah, Concord, Mount Herman, and Boonville, 
in Cooper County. For ten years he has been an 
active member of the board of trustees of William 
Jewell College, and also a visitor of the Vardeman 



School of Theology. He has also been honored 
with the position of curator of Stephens College 
for a number of years. 

Hyman, Rev. John J., was born Sept. 21, 1832. 

He is principal of the Mount Vernon Institute, at 
Riddleville, Ga. He was ordained April 12, 1863, 
and served all through the war as a chaplain of the 
49th Ga. Regiment in Gen. Lee's army, and was con- 
sidered one of the best chaplains in the army. Dur- 
ing the war he baptized 260 soldiers, and since the 
war he has been a great woi'ker both as pastor and 
teacher. He is an earnest, faithful pastor, a good 
preacher, and has served as moderator of Mount 
Vernon Association. 

Hymns, and their Authors.— It is undeniable 

that in the infancy of the church, as Cave says, 
" It was usual for any person to compose divine 
songs in honor of Christ, and to sing them in the 
public assemblies." (Primitive Christianity, page 
134, Oxford, 1840.) In the beginning of the sec- 
ond century, Pliny, in giving the emperor Trajan 
an account of the Christians, says, " They were 
accustomed to meet on a certain day before it was 
light and sing a hymn alternately to Christ as 
God." (Pliny, lib. x., Ep. 97.) This was evidently 
an uninspired composition. Eusebius, speaking of 
early hymns, says, " Whatever psalras and hymns 
were written by the brethren from the heginning 
celebrate Christ, the Word of God, by asserting His 
divinity." (Eccles. Hist., lib. v. cap. 28.) That 
there were many hymns written in the first and 
second centuries we have no doubt. These were 
all composed by Baptists. The oldest hymn now 
known among Christians in its most ancient form 
is, "Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to 
the Holy Ghost, world without end, Amen." In this 
form a Baptist was its author. And it was first 
given to the churches in the second century, or 
earlier. The additional words, "As it was in the 
beginning, is now, and ever shall be," were placed 
in this sacred song at an early period. 

In modern times some of the most popular hymns 
in our language were written by Baptists. " My 
country, 'tis of thee," was written by Dr. S. F. 
Smith. This is the most popular patriotic hymn 
sung in the United States. "He leadeth me: oh, 
blessed thought," was written by Prof. J. II. Gil- 
more, of Rochester University. This is one of 
the finest hymns that ever was published. "Come, 
thou fount of every blessing," is from the pen of 
Robert Robinson. Rev. Dr. Fawcett wrote "Blest 
be the tie that binds." Dr. Samuel Stennett is the 
author of "On Jordan's stormy banks I stand," 
and the Rev. Edward Mote composed "My hope 
is built on nothing less." The following table 
gives the names of some Baptist authors of hymns, 
with their nationality, the date of their birth, and 
the first line of one of their hymns : 



HYMNS 



Adams, John 

Anderson, G. W 

Anderson, Mrs. G. W... 

Balfern, W. P 

Baldwin, Thomas 

Baxter, Mrs. Lydia 

Beddome, Benjamin 

Brown, J. Newton 

Biiruham, Kichard 

Burton, John 

Cleveland, Benjamin.... 

Colver, Nathaniel 

Cocks, Mrs. Sarah , 

Cole, Charles 

Cutting, S.S 

Davis, Kliel 

Deacon, Samuel 

Denham, David 

Doane, W. H , 

Draper, B. H 

Dracup, John 

Dyer, Sidney 

Elvin, Cornelius 

Evans, James H 

Evans, John M 

Fanch, James 

Fawcett, John 

Fellows, John 

Flowerdew, Alice 

Fountain, .fohn 

Francis, Benjamin 

Franklin, Jonathan 

Gadsby, William 

Giles, John E 

Gilmore, J. H 

Grace, Kobert 

Groser, William 

Groser, William House.. 

Harbottle, Joseph 

Hinton, John H 

Hill, Stephen P 

Home, W. W 

Hupton, Job 

Ide, George B 

James, R. S 

Jessey, Henry 

Jones, Edmund 

Judson, Adoniram 

Judson, Sarah B 

Keach, Benjamin 

Keith, George 

Knowles, J. D 

Leland, John 

Lowry, Robert 

Lewis, W. G 

Lawson, John 

Manly, Basil 

Medley, Samuel 

Mote, Edward 

Milton, John 

Needham, John 

Newton, James 

Norman, 

Noel,B.W 

Pal, Krishna 

Pearce, Samuel 

Phelps, S. D 

Pledge, Ebenezer 

Poindexter, 

Eawson, George 

.Rippon, John 

Robbins, Gurdon 

Robinson, Robert 

Rowland, A. J 

Ryland, John 

Saffery, Mrs. M. G 

Scott, Jacob R 

Sherwin,W. F 

Smith, Samuel F 

Spurgeon, C. H 

Steele, Anne 

Stennett, Joseph 

Stennett, Samuel 

Swain, Joseph 

Sutton, -Amos 

Tliurber, Charles 

Tritton, Joseph 

Tucker, William 

Turner, Daniel 

Turney, Edmund 

Upton, James 

Wallin, Benjamin 

Washburn, H. S 

Winkler, Edwin T 

Wyard, George 

Ward, William 

Willmarth, J. W 

Teager, George 



1819 

1753 
1809 
1717 
1803 
1749 
1773 



1733 
ISIU 
1803 
1746 
1791 



17— 
1814 
1797 
1785 
1825 
1704 
1739 



1759 
1767 
1734 



1791 

1806 
1773 
1762 
1805 
1824 
1606 
1722 
1788 



1825 
1738 
1797 
1608 
1710 
1733 



1799 
1764 
1766 
1816 
1813 



1735 
1840 
1753 
1773 
1815 



1834 
1716 
1663 
1727 
1761 
1804 



1731 
1710 
1817 



France.... 
England . 
United Sti 



England 

United States 
England 



United States.. 
England 



United States.. 
England 



United States... 



United States... 

England , 

United States... 



England.. 



India 

England 

United States.. 



United States.. 

England 

United States.. 
England 



United States- 
England 



Sons we are through God's election." 
Onward, herald of the gospel." 
Our country's voice is pleading." 

.| Author of a volume containing 139 hymns. 

.' "Come, happy souls, adore the I.amh." 

. "The Master is coming ; he calleth for thee." 

.1 "Come, Holy Spirit, come." 

.1 " Go, spirit of the sainted dead." 
"Jesus, thou art the sinner's friend." 
"Time is winging us away." 
" Oh, could I find from day to day." 
"Weep for the lost; thy Saviour wept." 
Author of a volume of 216 original hymns. 
"Hark how the gospel trumpet sounds." 
" Oh, Saviour, I am blind : lead thou the way." 
" From every earthly pleasure." 
" To Jordan's stream the Saviour goes." 
" 'Mid scenes of confusion and creature complain 
"Sale in the arms of Jesus." 
" Ye Christian heralds, go proclaim." 
" Thanks to thy name, Lord, that we " 
" Go preach the blest salvation." 
" With broken heart and contrite sigh." 
"Faint not. Christian, though the road." 
" Amid the joyous scenes of earth." 
" Beyond the glittering, starry sky." 
" Blest be the tie that binds." 
" Jesus, mighty king in Zion." 
"Fountain of mercy, God of love." 
" Sinners, you are now addressed." 
" My gracious Redeemer I love." 
" Thy church, Lord, that's planted here." 
" Holy Ghost, we look to thee." 
" Thou hast said, exalted Jesus." 
" He leadeth me : oh, blessed thought." 
Author of 240 hymns. 
" Praise the Redeemer, all mighty to save." 
" Spirit of truth, celestial fire." 
" See how the fruitless fig-tree stands." 
" Once I was estranged from God." 
" The Lord is my shepherd and guide." 
" Death is no more the frightful foe." 
" Jesus, omnipotent to save." 
" Son of God, our glorious head." 
" Hast'ning on to death's dark river." 
" Unclean, unclean and full of sin." 
" Come, humble sinner, in whose breast." 
"Our Father God, who ait in heaven." 
" Proclaim the lofty praise." 
" My soul, mount up with eagle wings." 
" How firm a foundation, ye saints of the Lord." 
"0 Lord, where'er thy saints apart." 
" The day is past and gone." 
"Shall we gather at the river." 
" Awake, my soul, thy God to praise." 
"Father of mercies, condescend." 
" Holy, holy, holy Lord." 
" Awake, my soul, in joyful lays." 
" My hope is built on nothing le.xs." 
" Let us with a gladsome mind." 
" Holy and reverend is the name." 
" Let plenteous grace descend on those." 
" 'Tis not as led by custom's voice." 
" There's not a bird with lonely nest." 
" thou, my soul, forget no more." 
" In floods of tribulation." 
" This rite our blest Redeemer gave." 
" I went alone: 'twas summer-time." 
" Head of the Church, we bow to thee." 
" Cast thy burden on the Lord." 
" There's joy in heaven and joy on earth,'* 
" There is a land mine eye hath seen." 
" Come, thou fount of every blessing." 
" There is rest in the shadow." 
" In all my Lord's appointed ways.'' 
" 'Tis the great Father we adore!" 
" To thee this temple we devote." 
" Sound the battle-cry." 
" My country, 'tis of thee." 
" The Holy Ghost is here." 
"The Saviour ! Oh, what endless charms." 
" A nother six days' work is done." 
" On Jordan's stormy banks I stand." 
"Who can forbear to sing." 
" Hail, sweetest, dearest tie that hinds." 
"From yonder Rocky Mountains." 
" Spirit of glory and of grace." 
" Amidst ten thousand anxious cares." 
" Jesus, full of all compassion." 
"Oh, love divine! oh, matchless grace." 
" Come ye who bow to sovereign grace." 
" Hail, mighty Jesusl How divine." 
"Father, gathered round the bier." 
"Our land with mercies crowned." 
Author of 140 hymns. 

"Oh, charge the waves to bear our friends." 
"0 Father! Lord of earth and heaven." 
" On the cross behold the Saviour." 



IDE 



IDE 



I. 



Ide, George B., D.D., was bom in Coventry, 
Vt., in 1804, and was the son of Rev. John Ide, a 
IBaptist minister of considerable reputation in the 
section in which he lived. Young Ide received an 




GEORGE B. IDE, D.D. 

academic and collegiate education, and he gradu- 
ated at Middiebury College. It was his purpose to 
practise law, and he and his fellow-townsman Red- 
field, afterwards Judge Redfield, of Vermont, com- 
menced a course of legal study in Brandon, Vt. 
Like Adoniram Judson, whose father also was a 
minister, Mr. Ide was inclined to be a skeptic, and 
did not hesitate sometimes to avow his infidel sen- 
timents. But he was reached by the power of di- 
vine grace, and finally became settled in his belief of 
those doctrines which he so eloquently preached in 
after-life. At once he threw himself into the work 
of preaching the gospel, and as a revivalist preached 
with great power in different sections in Northern 
Vermont. For a short time in each place he was 
pastor of the churches in Derby, Passumpsic vil- 
lage, and Brandon, Vt., from which place he was 
called to the pastoral care of the First Baptist church 
in Albany, N. Y. Here he remained until, having 
completed a four years' pastorate, he was called to 



the Federal Street, now Clarendon Street, church, 
in Boston, where he continued for two years. He 
then went to Philadelphia to take charge of the 
First Baptist church in that city, where he remained 
for fourteen years, taking rank with the ablest and 
most eloquent preachers of any denomination in 
that city. From Philadelphia, Di-. Ide was called 
to the First Baptist church in Springfield, Mass., 
and was its pastor from 1852 to the time of his 
death, a period of nearly twenty years. Twice 
during this time he was called to important posi- 
tions in New York, with double the salary he was 
receiving in Springfield, but he declined, not wish- 
ing to take upon himself the burdens of a large city 
church. 

Without doubt Dr. Ide was one of the most vig- 
orous and efiective preachers that the Baptist de- 
nomination has had in this country. He has given 
to the public some of his more elaborate discourses 
in two volumes, bearing the titles "Bible Pictures" 
and " Battle Echoes," the latter a series of sermons 
preached during the late civil war. He was also 
the author of a Sunday-school book, which reached 
a considerable popularity, entitled " Green Hol- 
low." He published also a missionary sermon, 
and several works of a denominational character. 

Ide, Rev. John, was born in Vermont in 1785. 
For moi-e than half a century he was a devoted 
minister of Christ. He was converted when he was 
about thirty years of age, and commenced his min- 
isterial labors in Coventry, Vt. He was greatly 
prospered in his work. In one of the revivals 
which occurred under his ministry, six of his own 
children were converted and baptized together. In 
the different pastorates which he held, he was suc- 
cessful in the vocation upon which in early man- 
hood he had entered. When he commenced his min- 
istry the Baptists in Vermont were comparatively 
few in number, and were "everywhere spoken 
against." They were taxed to support the " stand- 
ing order" by the laws of the State. In case of 
refusal to pay their taxes they were subject to the 
"pains and penalties" of the law, obedience to 
which they could not conscientiously render. In 
the meridian of his days Mr. Ide was associated 
with Gov. Butler, and men who sympathized with 
him, in fighting the battles of religious freedom in 
the Vermont Legislature. They were at last suc- 
cessful, and the Baptists were no longer compelled 
to support a ministry which did not preach what 



ILLINOIS 



IMMERSION 



they regarded as the whole truth. Mr. Ide died at 
Potsdam, N. Y., July 27, 1860. 

Illinois, Missionary Organizations. —What 
seems to have been the beginning of organized mis- 
sionary work in Illinois was the appointment, by 
a meeting of Baptists held g,t Edwardsville in 1831, 
of a committee, instructed to arrange and superin- 
tend " a system of traveling preaching to promote 
the interests of religion within the limits of Illi- 
nois.'' The members of this committee were James 
Lemen, Paris Mason, George Stacey, James Pul- 
liam, B. F. Edwards, J. M. Peck, and Hubbell 
Loom is. Rev. J. M. Peck was the missionary 
placed under appointment by this committee, re- 
ceiving his support from the East, through an ar- 
rangement with the Massachusetts Baptist Mis- 
sionary Society. The committee named above do 
not seem to have attempted independent work of 
any kind, but simply served as an agency for cor- 
respondence with the Massachusetts board, through 
Dr. Going. 

Of the missionaries put into the field under this 
joint arrangement may be named, besides Mr. 
Peck, Alvin Bailey, Moses Lemen, Gardner Bart- 
lett, Jacob Bower, and Elijah Dodson, — all names 
of note in the Baptist pioneer history of Illinois. 
The committee continued under appointment from 
year to year by what was called the General Union 
Meeting of Illinois Baptists, until October, 1834. 
At that time the Illinois Baptist State Convention 
was organized at Whitehall, Green Co. Three As- 
sociations and two churches were represented in 
its formation. The scope of the society was soon 
enlarged, so that at the third anniversary, which 
was held at Peoria, Oct. 12, 1837, eight Associations 
and ten churches were represented. The support 
of missions in the State was made a chief feature of 
the Convention's yearly plans, and at the anniver- 
sary .just alluded to it was resolved to raise, in the 
ensuing year, §2000 for this purpose. Attention 
was also given to ministerial education, the insti- 
tution at Upper Alton being one of the objects re- 
ported upon regularly at the yearly meetings. 

At the anniversary of the Convention, held at 
Bellville, Oct. 3, 1844, a committee was appointed 
to confer with a committee of the Northwestern 
Baptist Convention upon the subject of a union of 
the two bodies. These committees met at Canton, 
November 21 following, and a new organization 
was made, called the Illinois Baptist General Asso- 
ciation, covering the whole State. The Northwest- 
ern Convention had been formed in 1841, in conse- 
(•(uence of dissatisfaction with the proceedings of the 
State Convention, " and to accommodate and bring 
into concerted action the brethren residing in Wis- 
consin, Iowa, and Northern Indiana," along with 
the Baptists in Northern Illinois. By the recent 
action, this body was now merged in the Illinois 
37 



Baptist General Association, which has remained 
until the present date the missionary organization 
for the State. A " Baptist Convention for South- 
ern Illinois," composed of churches and Associa- 
tions declining to enter into the new organization, 
continued for some years to exist, but the strength 
of the Baptist body in the State has been concen- 
trated in the General Association from the time of 
its organization at Canton, in 1844. Since that 
date, as nearly as can be ascertained, the number 
of missionaries bearing its commission has been 
about 600, the number of baptisms by these mis- 
sionaries not far from 4000, and the amount of 
money raised and expended in salaries to mission- 
aries nearly $125,000. 

Illiuois Woman's Baptist Missionary So- 
ciety. — The Woman's Baptist Missionary Society 
of the West was organized at Chicago, May 9, 1871. 
Its first officers were Mrs. Robert Harris, President ; 
Mrs. A. M. Bacon, Recording Secretary ; Mrs. C. 
F. Tolman, Corresponding Secretary ; Mrs. S. M. 
Osgood, Treasurer. The society is auxiliary to the 
American Baptist Missionary Union, having been 
formally accepted as such at the anniversary meet- 
ing in May, 1871. At the first annual meeting 
Mrs. A. L. Stevens was present, the first applicant 
for appointment to the foreign field. Since that time 
24 missionaries have been sent out, of whom one 
has returned in feeble health, two have died, seven 
have, by marriage, been transferred to the service 
of the Missionary Union ; leaving as missionaries 
of this society (1880), six in Burmah, three in In- 
dia, and five in China. Miss Daniels, of Swatow, 
China, is the only medical missionary connected 
with the society of the West. During the year 
1879-80 the society supported 13 missionaries, 
17 schools, and 31 Bible-women. It sent within 
the year contributions to 18 missionaries of the 
Union, and to 2 supported by the Society of the 
East. 

The contributions during the first year of the so- 
ciety were $4244.69. Those reported for the year 
1879-80 amounted to $18,483.91. The present of- 
ficers of the society are Mrs. A. J. Howe, President ; 
Mrs. C. F. Tolman, Vice-President; Mrs. J. 0. 
Brayman, Recording Secretary ; Mrs. A. M. Bacon, ■ 
Corresponding Secretary ; Mrs. F. A. Smith, Treas- 
urer. 

Immersion. — We have a profound regard for 
the theology of John Calvin, and for many of his 
utterances. We view his declaration, " The word 
baptize, however, signifies to immerse, and it is 
certain that immersion was observed by the an- 
cient church,"* as displaying sound learning, an 
accurate knowledge of church history, and fidelity 



* Ipsum baptizandi verbum mergere significat, et mergendi, 
ritum veteri ecclesise observatum fuisse constat. Inst. Christ. 
Eelig., lib. iv. cap. 15, sect. 19. London, 1576. 



IMMERSION 



570 



IMMERSION 



to truth. No man fully acquainted with the facts 
upon which the opinion of the great Genevan was 
based, could speak otherwise and maintain fidelity 
to the truth. Luther says, " Baptism is a Greek 
word ; in Latin it can be translated immersion, as 
when we plunge something into water that it may 
be completely covered with water."* Luther and 
Calvin translate the Greek word baptism as it was 
understood by those who used the language of 
which it was a part, before Christ's days, and ever 
afterwards. In the sense of immersion it is em- 
ployed in the New Testament. The whole church 
of Christ practised immersion for at least twelve 
centuries of our era, and several nations baptize in 
that manner still. 

Tertullian, in the end of the second century, 
writes, " The act of baptism itself belongs to the 
flesh, because we are immersed in water."t Jerome, 
in his notes on Ephesians iv. 5, says, "We are im- 
mersed three timesj to receive the one baptism of 
Christ." Ambrose, expounding the baptismal 
death in Romans vi. 3, says, " The death, there- 
fore, is a figurative, not a real bodily death, for 
when you are immersing you present a likeness of 
death and burial."^ Pope Leo the Great, speak- 
ing of baptism in the fifth century, says, " Trine 
iMmerslon is an imitation of the three days' burial 
(of Christ), and the Emersion out of the waters is a 
figure (of the Saviour) rising from the grave." || 

According to Bede, who died in 735, Paulinus, 
the apostle of the north of England, "washed" some 
of his converts " in the river Glen,'' baptized others 
"in the river Swale" of Yorkshire," and a "great 
multitude in the river Trent."1[ Laufranc, arch- 
bishop of Canterbury in the eleventh century, 
commenting on Phil. iii. 10, says, " Being made 
conformable unto his death in baptism, for as 
Christ lay for three days in the sepulchre, so let 
there be a trine immersion in baptism."** St. 
Bernard, the most prominent ecclesiastic in France 
in the twelfth century, in his sermon on the Lord's 
Supper, says, " Baptism is the first of all the sacra- 
s, in which we are planted together in the 
of his (Christ's) death. Hence trine im- 
mersion represents the three days we are about to 
celebrate." ft 

There are many baptisteries in Italy that were 

* Latine potest verti mersio, cum immergimus aliquid in aquam 
ut totum tegatur acma. De Sacram. Bapt. Opera Lutheri, i. p. 319. 
1564. 

t In aqua mergimur. DeBaptismo.cap. 7,pars ii.p.37. Lipsise, 
1839. 

X Ter mergimur, tome ix. p. 109. Basle, 1516. 

§ Cum enim mergis, mortis suscepis et sepultaras similitudinem. 
De Sacramentis, lib. ii. cap. 7. 

II Trlna demersio, ep. 16, vol. liv. p. 699, Patrl. Lat. 

If In fluvio Gleni ... in Sualo fluvio. In fluvio Treenta. Hist. 
Ecclea., ii. 14, p. 104 ; ii. 16, p. 107. Oxonii, 1846. 

** Sic in baptismate trina sit inimersio. 

tt Trina mersio. , 



used for centuries for the immersion of candidates 
for baptism. The most remarkable of these is in 
the catacomb of San Ponziano, Rome. It is on the 
right side of the Via Ostiensis, and at a short dis- 
tance beyond the Porta Portese. Through this 
cemetery a stream of water runs, the channel of 
which is diverted into a reservoir, which was used 
for administering baptism by immersion from the 
first to the fourth centuries ;JJ and within a few 
years candidates for primitive baptism have been 
buried under its waters once more. Dr. Cote§^ gives 
a list of sixty-seven of these baptisteries that exist 
in Italy now, some of them ready for service and 
others greatly changed. Not a few of the edi- 
fices reared to cover the baptismal pools are spa- 
cious and magnificent. The baptisteries above 
ground were erected from the fourth to the four- 
teenth century. The sacristan who shows the 
sacred structure has no hesitation in telling the 
visitor that the church formerly practised immer- 
sion. Until the beginning of the thirteenth cen- 
tury immersion was the mode of baptism of all 
Western Christendom, except in cases of sickness, 
and it was a common practice long afterwards in 
many parts of the papal dominions ; it was the 
general usage in England until after the Reforma- 
tion, and it was frequently observed down to the 
middle of the seventeenth century. There is a 
record of the immersion of Arthur and Margaret, 
the brother and sister of Henry VIII., !||| and there 
is no doubt that immersion was the mode of bap- 
tism that prevailed all over his kingdom in Henry's 
day. 

William Wall, the learned Episcopalian writer, 
says, that " in 1536 the lower house of Convocation 
sent to the upper house a protestation, containing 
a catalogue of some eri-ors and some profane say- 
ings that began to be handed about among some 
people, craving the concurrence of the upper house 
in condemning them. Some of them are these : 

" ' That it is as lawful to christen a child in a tub 
of water at home, or in a ditch by the way, as in a 
font-stone in the church.' 

" I think," says Wall, " it may probably be con- 
cluded from their expressions, that the ordinary 
way of baptizing at this time in England, whether 
in the church or out of it, was by putting the child 
into the water."1[T He then proceeds to give the 
others. 

In Tyndale's " Obedience of a Christian Man," 
published in 1528, he writes, "Ask the people what 
they understand by their baptism or washing, and 



XX Baptism and Baptisteries, p. 102. Amer. Bapt. Publication 
Society. 

g§ Idem, 110-112. 

Ill Cathcart's Baptism of the Ages, pp. 41-43. Amer. Bapt. Pub- 
lication Society. 

1[1f History of Infant Baptism, p. 648. NashTille. 



IMMERSION 



571 



IMMERSION 



thou shalt see that they believe how that the very 
plunging into the water saveth them." . . . "Be- 
hold how narrowly the people look on the cere- 
mony. If ought be left out, or if the child be not 
altogether dipt in the water, or if, because the 
child is sick, the priest dare not plunge him into 
the water, but pour water on his head, how tremble 
they ! how quake they I ' How say ye, Sir John' 
(the priest), say they, 'is this child christened 
enough? Hath it his full Christendom?' They 
verily believe that the child is not christened."* 
At this time plunging into water was the mode of 
baptism in England, and the exception of sick 
children was evidently unpopular ; and the substi- 
tute for immersion, according to good "William Tyn- 
dale, the translator of the English Bible, was re- 
garded with grave suspicions. 

The Book of Common Prayer, issued by the au- 
thority of Edward VI., in 1549, says, "Then the 
priest shall take the child in his hands, and ask 
the name. And naming the child, shall dip it in 
the water thrice. First, dipping the right side ; 
second, the left side ; the third time dipping the 
face toward the font ; so it be discreetly and 
warily done. And if the child be weak it shall 
suffice to pour water upon it."t Immersion was 
still the custom as well as the law in England, 
with the exception for which the Prayer Book made 
provision. ^ 

On May 18, 1556, a complaint was made against 
a considerable number of persons who favored the 
gospel in Ipswich, before Queen Mai-y's council, 
sitting in commission at Beccles, in Suffolk. Among 
the charges preferred was a refusal to have children 
dipped in the fonts : 

" Mother Fenkel, and Joan Ward, alias Bent- 
ley's wife, refused to have children dipped in the 
fonts. Mother Beriff, midwife, refused to have 
children dipped in the fonts."t 

There is no hint given by Fox, who records the 
names and accusations of these servants of God, 
that they preferred sprinkling or pouring for the 
children. They were Baptists undoubtedly, and 
dipping in the font was still the common mode of 
baptism. 

Mr. Blake, vicar of Tamworth, in Staffordshire, 
the author of a pamphlet published in 1645, enti-. 
tied " Infant's Baptism Freed from Antichristian- 
ism," writes on the first page, " I have been an 
eye-witness of many infants dipped, and know it 
to have been the constant practice of many minis- 
ters in their places for many years together." Mr. 
Blake is supposed to have been forty-three years 
of age when he wrote his pamphlet. 



* Doctrinal Treatises, i. 276-77. Parker Society. 

+ Liturgies of King Edward VI., pp. Ill, 112. Parker Society. 

X Acts and Monuments, viil. 599. London, 1839. 



In the Westminster Assembly of Divines, on 
Aug. 7, 1644, accoi'ding to Dr. John Lightfoot, 
when a vote was taken on the question, " The 
minister shall take water and sprinkle or pour it 
with his hand upon the face or forehead of the 
child," " it was voted so indifferently that we were 
glad to count names twice, for so many wei-e unwill- 
ing to have dipping excluded that the vote came to 
an equality within one ; for the one side was 
twenty-five, the other twenty-four, the twenty-four 
for the reserving of dipping and the twenty-five 
against it."^ The question was finally decided 
against immersion the next day, and " it is said 
entirely by the influence of Dr. Lightfoot," as 
Ivimey states. || It seems surprising that an as- 
sembly of Presbyterians should be nearly equally 
divided about retaining immersion as a mode of 
baptism, and that "so many (in it), though none 
of them were Baptists, were unwilling to have 
dipping excluded." Learned Koman Catholics and 
Episcopalians have no prejudices against immer- 
sion ; but, in 1876, Rev. J. H. Clark, of the Lack- 
awanna Presbytery, Pa., immersed an applicant 
for membership in his church, for which he was 
censured by his Presbytery. His appeal to the 
Synod of Philadelphia resulted in the following 
decision : " In view of the teachings and principles 
entering into the doctrine of baptism, we judge 
that the administration of baptism by Rev. J. H. 
Clark, in the case excepted to came within the 
possible limits of a pey^missible administration of 
the rite, and although without any sanction of com- 
mand 07- fact in the Sacred Scrriptures, yet did not 
involve a moral wrong. The mode of administra- 
tion, however, not being accordant with the dis- 
tinctive mode of baptism accepted and appointed 
by the Presbyterian Church, we do approve of the 
spirit of the exception of the Presbytery of Lacka- 
wanna, as,"T[ etc. The ministers composing the 
Synod of Philadelphia are men of broad culture, 
and Christian integrity, but tliey differ widely 
from Mr. Coleman and Mr. Marshall and " many" 
others in the Westminster Assembly, who were 
^^ unwilling to have dipping excluded;'^ but the 
men of English birth who took part in framing the 
Confession of Faith of the Presbyterian Church in 
the United States, in 1644, had seen immersions all 
around them in the state church, the older men in 
large numbers, the younger men less frequently ; 
and many of them loved the baptism of their 
fathers and of the Founder of Christianity. 

Mr. Crosby mentions that " many sober and 
pious people belonging to the congregations of 
the Dissenters about London were convinced that 



I The Whole Works of lightfoot, vol. xiii. 301. London, li 

II History of the Englisli Baptists, i. 183. London, 1811. 

f Burrage's Act of Baptism, p. 210. Amer. Bapt. Pub. Soc. 



IMMERSION 



IMMERSIONS 



believers were the only proper subjects of baptism, 
and that it ought to be administered by immer- 
sion," and not being satisfied with the qualifica- 
tions of any administrator in England, they sent 
Richard Blount to Holland, who received immer- 
sion there ; and on his return he baptized accord- 
ing to the primitive mode Samuel Blacklock, a 
minister, and these baptized the rest of the com- 
pany.* This event may have occurred, and if it 
did, it was probably about the beginning of the 
reign of Charles I. ; no regular Calvinistical Bap- 
tist minister may have been permitted to live in Eng- 
land by the oppressions of the king and Laud, and 
though large numbers of persons then living in that 
country had been immersed, in the majority of cases 
it was not after believing. Mr. Hutchinson, from 
whom Crosby quotes, says about these persons, 
" The great objection was the want of an adminis- 
trator, M^hich, as I have heard, was removed by 
sending certain messengers to Holland." Crosby 
himself says, " This agrees with an account given 
of the matter in an ancient manuscript, said to have 
been written by Mr. William KiflSn." We would 
not bear heavily on the testimony adduced by these 
good men. 

The Rev. John Mason Neale, a learned Episco- 
palian, whose " History of the Holy Eastern 
Church" is an authority on most of the topics on 
which it treats, writes, " The Constantinopolitan 
(Greek Church) ritual says, ' The priest baptizes 
him, holding him upright, and facing the East, 
and saying, " The servant of God is baptized in the 
name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the 
Holy Spirit," etc. At each sentence plunging and 
raising him up from the water.' 

" The Coptic ritual siiys, ' He thrice immerses 
him, and after each immersion raises him up and 
breathes in his face.' 

" The Armenian ritual says, ' Then the priest takes 
the child in his arms, and immerses him thrice in 
water, as an emblem of the three days' burial of 
Christ.' "t 

In a celebrated Syriac liturgy it is written, " The 
priest stands by the font, and invokes the Spirit, who 
descendeth from on high, and rests on the waters, 
and sanctifies them, and makes new sons to God. 

" AVhen the child is plunged into the water the 
priest saith, ' N. is baptized for sanctity and salva- 
tion and a blameless life, and a blessed resurrection 
from the dead, in the name of the Father. Amen. 
And of the Son. Amen. And of the living and 
Holy Ghost for life everlasting. Amen.' "J "All 
the Syrian forms prescribe or assume trine immer- 
sion. "§ 



* History of the English Baptists, i. 161-63. 
t History of the Holy Eastern Church, p. 949. London, 1850. 
t Neale's History of the Holy Eastern Church, pp. 992-93. Lon- 
lOD, 1850. I Idem, 950. 



Badger gives the baptismal ritual of the Nestor- 
ians, which says, "Then they shall take him (the 
child) to the priest, standing by the font, who shall 
place him therein, with his face to the East, and he 
shall dip him therein three times. ... In dipping 
him he shall dip him up to the neck, and then put 
his hand upon him, so that his head may be sub- 
merged ; then the priest shall take him out of the 
font and give him to the deacon." || 

In Picart's description of Abyssinian baptism, we 
learn that " As soon as the benediction of the font 
is over the priest plunges the infant into it three 
times successively. At the first he dips one-third 
part of the infant's body into the water, saying, 'I 
baptize thee in the name of the Father ;' he then 
dips him lower, about two-thirds, adding, ' I bap- 
tize thee in the name of the Son ;' the third time 
he plunges him all over, saying, ' I baptize thee in 
the name of the Holy Ghost.' "T[ 

The same author, as quoted by Burrage, de- 
scribing the baptism of " the Rhynsburgers, or Col- 
legiants, a branch of the Mennonites, originating 
in Holland," says, — 

" The candidate for baptism makes publicly his 
profession of faith on a Saturday, in the morning, 
before an assembly of Rhynsburgers held for that 
purpose. A discourse is pronounced on the excel- 
lency and nature of baptism. The minister and 
candidate go together to a pond behind a house 
belonging to his sect (we might call it a hospital, 
since they received for nothing those who had not 
wherewithal to pay their hotel bills). In that 
pond the neophyte, catechumen, or candidate is 
baptized by immersion. If a man, he has a waist- 
coat and drawers ; if a woman, a bodice and pet- 
ticoat, with leads in the hem."** Picart's work 
was published in Amsterdam in 1736. 

The Russian Church, the Greek Church in Turkey 
and in the little kingdom of Greece, the Armenian, 
Nestorian, Coptic, Abyssinian, and the other Chris- 
tian communities of the East, have always practised 
immersion, and that is their usage at this hour. 
About a fourth of the whole Christian people on 
earth still immerse in baptism ; and counting the 
centuries when immersion was the mode of baptism 
used by all Christendom, and the millions that em- 
ploy it still, we are safe in affirming that a majority 
of all Christians, living and dead, were immersed 
in baptism. (See articles on Scriptural Mode of 
Baptism, Baptism of Clovis, Baptism of Ten 
Thousand English.) 

Immersions, Great European.— There are sev- 
eral remarkable baptisms which took place when 
Christianity was triumphantly introduced into some 



II The Nestorians and their Rituals, pp. 207, 208. London, 1852. 
^ Burrage's Act of Baptism, p. 182. 
** Idem, p. 180. 



IMPOSITION 



J73 



INDIAN 



of the European nations in which the mode was 
positively immersion. Saint Patrick baptized more 
than 12,000 men at one time in a spring in Ireland. 
(See article on Patrick,- The Apostle of Ire- 
land.) Clovis, king of the Franks, with 3000 war- 
riors, his two sisters, and other women and their 
children, was baptized by "trine immersion" in 
496. (See article on The Baptism of Clovis.) 
Ten thousand English were immersed in the river 
Swale, near Canterbury, in 597. (See article on 
Baptism of Ten Thousand English.) Three 
thousand English were baptized by Paulinus in 627, 
in a fountain in Northumberland, England. (See 
article on Baptistery of Paulinus in England.) 
The whole population of the city of Kieff were im- 
mersed in the Dneiper at one time, about 988. 
(See article on Baptism of the Population of 
Kieff.) These great baptisms must have con- 
formed to the recognized mode of administering the 
ordinance. 

Imposition of Hands after Baptism was a 

common custom among Baptists in the seventeenth 
century, in Europe and America, though it never 
was a general practice. Its observance often occa- 
sioned bitter controversies, which sometimes rent 
churches. The First church of Providence, R. I., 
continued the laying on of hands till the end of 
Dr. Manning's ministry ; and the supposition that 
he held the observance of it rather to satisfy the 
consciences of others than to meet the demands of 
his own, subjected him to much opposition. When 
the Philadelphia Association adopted the English 
Baptist Confession of Faith of 1689, they added two 
articles to that document, one " On Singing of 
Psalms," and another on " Laying on of Hands." 
In the latter article the Confession of Faith says, 
"We believe that laying on of hands, with prayer, 
upon baptized believers, as such, is an ordinance 
of Christ, and ought to be submitted unto by all 
such persons as are admitted to partake of the 
Lord's Supper : and that the end of this ordinance 
is not for the extraordinary gifts of the Spirit, but 
for a further reception of the Holy Spirit of promise, 
or for the addition of the graces of the Spirit, and 
the influences thereof; to confirm, strengthen, and 
comforc them in Christ Jesus ; it being ratified and 
established by the extraordinary gifts of the Spirit 
in the primitive times, to abide in the church, as 
meeting together on the first day of the week was, 
Acts ii. 1, that being the day of worship or Chris- 
tian Sabbath, under the gospel ; and as preaching 
the Word was. Acts x. 44, and as baptism was, 
Matt. iii. 16, and prayer was, Acts iv. 31, and sing- 
ing psalms, etc., was. Acts xvi. 25, 26, so this of 
laying on of hands was, Acts viii. and six. ; for 
as the whole gospel was confirmed by signs and 
wonders, and divers miracles and gifts of the Holy 
Ghost in general, so was every ordinance in like 



manner confirmed in particular." This article was 
adopted with the Confession, Sept. 25, 1742. The 
Roxborough and Second Baptist churches of Phila- 
delphia still practise this observance. Before the 
hand of fellowship is given to the newly baptized 
the pastor places his hands upon the head of each 
one and prays for the person. 

By most modern Baptist churches the article 
quoted from the Philadelphia Confession of Faith 
is regarded as one of the unwise things received 
by our American religious ancestors. The few 
churches that still retain this usage see something 
in it to admire. 

Imputed Righteousness. See article on Jus- 
tification. 

Index, The Christian, a weekly Baptist paper, 
has been published in the State of Georgia since 
the year 1833. It was first issued in Washington, 
D. C, under the auspices of the Baptist Board of 
Foreign Missions, under the name of Tlie Colum- 
bian Star, and was removed to Philadelphia, where 
it was edited by Dr. Wm. T. Brantly, the elder, 
with the approval of the board. In 1833 it was 
transferred to Jesse Mercer, who began its publica- 
tion in Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga., for his own 
convenience, securing the services of Rev. Wm. H. 
Stokes as assistant editor. In 1840, Mr. Mercer 
transferred the paper to the Georgia Baptist Con- 
vention, by which body it was published in Penfield 
until 1856, when it was removed to Macon. In 
1861 it was sold to S. Boykin, at that time its edi- 
tor. By him it was published until the close of 
the civil war, when he sold it to J. J. Toon, of At- 
lanta, who transferred it to that city. A few years 
ago Mr. Toon sold his entire publishing establish- 
ment, including the Index, to Jas. P. Harrison & 
Co., who now issue the Index. It is doubtful if 
there is any other one instrumentality by which 
the denomination in Georgia has been more bene- 
fited and united than The Christian Index. Its 
present editor is Dr. II. H. Tucker, a writer of 
great clearness and power, of extensive ertidition, 
of mature judgment, full of love for the truth, one 
of nature's noblemen, whose journal is an honor 
to the Baptist denomination. 

Indian Missions. — The attention of the Baptist 
Triennial Convention was early turned to the 
spiritual condition of the Indian tribes of North 
America. At the first meeting of the Convention 
after its formation in 1814, steps were taken to 
commence evangelical work among these " wards 
of the nation." In the directions given to Messrs. 
John M. Peck and James E. Welch, they were 
specially enjoined in the performance of their duties 
as domestic missionaries, stationed at St. Louis, to 
carry the gospel to the Indians with whom they 
might be brought in contact. The first person ap- 
pointed to devote his whole time to this work was 



INDIAN 



574 



INDIANA 



Rev. Isaac McCoy, who was stationed at what was 
at that time— 1818— the far West,— Fort Wayne, 
Ind. The several tribes of Miamies, Kickapoos, 
Ottawas, and Pottawatomies, all speaking dialects 
which had among them much that was common, 
came within the sphere of Mr. McCoy's labors. 
He was so far successful in his attempts to reach 
the people in the field of his missionary operations 
that he succeeded in gathering a school of 48 pupils, 
and in various ways had brought the truths of the 
gospel to the knowledge of these heathen of North 
America. 

In 1822 a new station was established on the 
banks of the St. Joseph's River. This new station, 
which-was named Carey in honor of the distin- 
guished missionary, was a hundred miles from the 
nearest settlement of white men. To this place 
those who had been gathered under the fostering 
care of the missionary at Fort Wayne were re- 
moved, so that it was not long before there was a 
church at Carey -of 30 or 40 members, many of 
whom were Indians, and it is said that " its exer- 
cises of public worship on the Sabbath often at- 
tracted large companies of natives from the adjacent 
settlements." 

A third station was formed on the Grand River 
among the Ottawas, which was called Thomas, in 
honor of the English missionary of that name. 
When, in 1829, the station at Carey was partially 
abandoned, the missionaries withdrew to the new 
settlement, where the prospects of success were 
more hopeful. In 1832 several of the Indians gave 
such evidence of genuine conversion that they were 
baptized and received into the church. One of the 
principal chiefs of the Ottawas, Noonday, was 
among the number, and his after-life furnished 
proof that he was a sincere disciple of the Lord 
Jesus. While there were there things to encourage, 
there were others to depress. The Indians retire 
before the approach of civilization, and their terri- 
tories fiill into the hands of white men. The set- 
tlement at Thomas was broken up, and the mis- 
sion, with the Indians connected with it, removed 
to Richland, fifty miles farther south. The most 
of the Ottawas have long ago disappeared from 
Michigan, and there is but little left to indicate 
what was done for their spiritual benefit by the 
self-denying missionaries who labored so earnestly 
to do them good. 

The history of the mission among the Ojibwas 
deserves a passing notice. The board of the Tri- 
ennial Convention, in 1828, accepted the funds 
appropriated by Congress to be expended for the 
benefit of this tribe, and established a mission 
at Saut Ste. Marie, one of the trading-places of 
the tribe, not far from fifteen miles southeast of 
Lake Superior. Rev. Abel Bingham was appointed 
missionary. His efforts were directed to both the 



whites and the Indians, and so successful was he 
that during a time of awakened religious interest, 
in 1832, forty persons were baptized and added to the 
church. Eleven of this number were Indians. A 
translation of the New Testament into Ojibwa was 
made and printed in 1833 in Albany, N. Y., and 
circulated among the people. The mission passed 
through various fortunes, adverse and prosperous, 
until 1857, when it was discontinued. 

The mission among the Cherokees has yielded as 
much substantial fruit as any that has been at- 
tempted by the Baptists among the Indians. In 
the list of the early missionaries sent to this tribe 
we find the honored name of Evan Jones. Through 
his labors, and those of his associates, we find that 
up to the time of the removal of the Cherokees by 
oi'der of the United States government, in 1838, 
hundreds of them had been converted and formed 
into Christian churches. Mr. Jones followed the 
Cherokees to their new home, and continued to 
labor for their spiritual good until his removal to 
Kansas in 1862. In 1842 all the churches were 
reported as having meeting-houses, and a printing- 
ofiice had been furnished at the. expense of the 
Cherokees. In 1846 the translation of the New 
Testament was completed. The progress of the 
mission was steadily maintained year after year, 
and the influence of the gospel in elevating and 
blessing the people was of the most marked char- 
acter. In 1863 the estimate of the number of 
church members was 1500. 

Other Indian tribes among whom Baptist mis- 
sionaries have labored are the Choctaws, the Creeks, 
the Otoes, the Omahas, the Delawares, and the 
Shawanees. Among the honored servants of Christ 
who have labored among these different tribes may 
be mentioned Rev. Moses Merrill, Rev. Jotham 
Meeker, Rev. Leonard Slater, Rev. Thomas Fi-ye, 
Rev. Jesse Busyhead, a native preacher. Rev. John 
B. Jones, Rev. Ira D. Blanchard, Rev. J. G. Pratt, 
Misses E. S. and H. H. Morse, Rev. J. Lykins, 
and Rev. Francis Barker. 

The Home Mission Society has spent nearly 
$28,000 since 1865 in supporting missionaries 
among the Indians. It has at present three white 
missionaries, one colored, and six Indian, laboring 
among the Indians in the Indian Territory. It 
also supports the principal of a normal and theo- 
logical school. In the Indian Territory there are 
100 Baptist churches, with a membership of 6000. 

See article on Southern Baptist Convention. 

Indiana Baptist Papers. — The American Mes- 
senger was first begun in Madison in 1843, with 
Rev. E. D. Owen as editor. It was then a bi- 
weekly, afterwards a weekly. In 1846 he removed 
it to Indianapolis, and after about one year sold 
it to the Cross and Journal, of Ohio, and it became 
a part of what is now the Journal and Messenger. 



INDIANA 



INDIANA 



At a meeting of brethren attending commence- 
ment exercises at Franklin College, in June, 1856, 
it was unanimously resolved '" that we make an 
effort to start a paper at Indianapolis," and " that 
the matter be put into the hands of a publishing 
committee, until such time as a suitable editor can 
be found." The paper was called The Witness. 
Very soon Rev. M. G. Clarke became editor. He 
was succeeded by Rev. E. AY. Clark, who con- 
ducted it till 1867, when it was sold to the Chris- 
tian Times, of Chicago, and became a part of what 
is now The Standard. Three different papers 
have been started by the presidents of Franklin 
College, as aids in their work. Dr. Chandler pub- 
lished a few numbers of The Baptist Inquirer in 
1843. President "Wayland issued twelve or fifteen 
numbers of the Camp-Fire in 1870, and President 
Stott has for three years conducted The Link in 
the immediate interests of the college. 

Rev. A. R. Hinckley was for several years asso- 
ciate editor of the Baptist Banner and Pioneer, 
published in Louisville, Ky. Hon. J. L. Holman 
was likewise, for several years, associate editor of 
the Baptist Advocate, published in Cincinnati, 0. 

Rev. W. N. Wyeth, D.D., Indianapolis, is at 
present one of ther editors of the Journal and Mes- 
senger. 

Indiana Baptist State Convention, The, was 

organized at a church called Brandywine, in Shelby 
County, in April, 1833. Rev. Samuel Harding was 
elected President : Rev. J. L. Holman, Recording 
Secretary ; Rev. Ezra Fisher, Corresponding Secre- 
tary, and Henry Bradley, Esq., Treasurer. The 
annual sermon was preached by Rev. Ezra Fisher. 
There were present 37 delegates, and the treasurers 
receipts were $17.00. 

The receipts in 1840 were 81265.05; 1850, 
SI 139.73; 1860,52464.23; 1870,8410.05; 1879, 
83495.30. 

The first policy adopted for the evangelization 
of the State was that each minister should spend 
several weeks in traveling, holding a series of 
meetings in destitute places. 

These brethren received very little compensation, 
in some cases none. The next plan was to collect 
money in the several Associations, and employ a 
few men to travel and preach all the time. But 
little money was expended at any one point, and 
so the fruits of the labor were not apparent for any 
length of time. Next the " village fund" policy, 
introduced from Ohio by Rev. T. R. Cressy, who 
came into the State as pastor, was tried. In this 
plan men pledged themselves to give 85 or 810 
per year for five years, to aid in planting Bap- 
tist churches in the villages. It did not contem- 
plate the permanent settlement of a pastor over 
the church, and so it failed of any great fruit. 
Finally it was agreed that the money gathered 



should be expended only at such places as gave 
promise of success. For several years there was 
much discussion as to what points gave such prom- 
ise. At the present time the settled policy of the 
State board is that no place shall be aided that does 
not give hopes of becoming self-supporting within a 
reasonable time, and the success of State missions 
was never so fully assured as now. The Conven- 
tion at this time employs ten missionaries, and 
through the efiicient labors of the general agent. 
Rev. A. J. Essex, the salaries are paid quarterly. 
The board is especially seizing opportunities to 
plant churches in country towns. Within five years 
a new departure has been taken as to the relation 
the State Convention sustains to foreign missions, 
home missions, education, etc. 

It was formerly thought that the body having 
State missions in charge was the State Convention, 
and that the other organizations met with it for con- 
venience, and by courtesy. The present conviction 
is that each of these organizations is a part of the 
State Convention. The Convention, through ap- 
propriate standing committees or boards, attends to 
State missions, home missions, foreign missions, 
publication society, education, etc. The organiza- 
tion under its present management seems to be in 
a high state of efficiency. 

The past year 260 churches contributed to State 
missions ; that was the largest number ever giving 
money for this purpose. This year the nutaber 
will be 300. 

Indiana Baptists, their Origin and Growth. 

— The first church organized in what is now the 
State of Indiana was originally called Owens, nest 
Fourteen-Mile, and then Silver Creek. "While 
bearing the name Silver Creek, the church was di- 
vided by the doctrines of A. Campbell ; the portion 
holding fast the doctrines of the Philadelphia Con- 
fession of Faith retaining their organization, and 
finally becoming the Charlestown church. The 
original church was constituted in 1798, under the 
leadership of Rev. Isaac Edwards, a native of Xew 
Jersey. The church is best known in history by the 
name Silver Creek. Around it was gathered at 
length the Silver Creek Association, which in turn 
become three or four Associations. The first settle- 
ments were along the rivers, and so the centres of 
Baptist strength were at first along the Wabash on 
the west, the Ohio on the south, and White Water on 
the east, the main rivers of the State. The first 
Association in the State was AVhite Water, formed 
in 1809, the next was Silver Creek, formed in 1812. 
As an indication of the unstable condition of affairs 
during the earlier history of Indiana Baptists, it 
may be stated that there have been formed in all, 
up to this time, sixty Associations. 

There are now but thirty. Exact statistics as 
to membership can only be approximated. In 



INDIANA 



576 



INDIANAPOLIS 



1812, 1376; 1832, 11,334; 1840, 16,234;- 1845, 
15,795; 1850,18,311; 1857,25,282; 1860,28,038; 
1866, 29,103; 1876, 40,015: 1880 (estimated), 
42,159, — in 568 chui'ches. The apparent decrease 
from 1840 to 1845 ia to be accounted for by the 
fact that several anti-mission Associations with- 
drew from all correspondence with the State Con- 
vention. Indeed, it may be said that most of the 
thirty Associations dropped from the list have died 
because of their anti-mission policy and spirit. A 
few yet survive as working bodies, and some were 
merged into other missionary Associations. A 
brother, who is constantly traveling over the State, 
estimates the anti-mission membership at 5000. 
Their strength is now a mere fragment of what it 
once was. No account is made of them in the gen- 
eral statistics of the State. 

Indiana, Educational Institutions of.-^The 

first meeting having for its object the founding of 
an institution of learning for Baptists was held in 
Indianapolis, June 5, 1834. The final result was 
the establishment of Franklin College, which with 
a variety of experiences " continues to this day," 
and is now in a more prosperous condition than 
ever before. In 1848, Rev. J. G. Craven and his 
father founded a school at College Hill, Jeiferson 
Co., for the education of all colors and both sexes. 
In 1849, Rev. J. C. Thompson, of Ohio, came to 
their assistance. The name given the institution 
was Eleutherean College. The Cravens put great 
energy at the service of the school, and for some 
time it prospered notwithstanding its persecutions. 
One of the most distinguished of its colored pupils 
is Rev. Moses Broyles, of Indianapolis. There 
have been several attempts to revive the school, but 
without permanent success. It had no endowment, 
and hence it could not live. About the year 1854, 
Revs. Anson Tucker and D. Taylor were appointed 
by the Education Society of Indiana to proceed in 
the work of founding a school for young women at 
La Fayette. They reported §12,000 pledged. Prof. 
W. Brand resigned his place in the faculty of 
Franklin College to enter upon his duties as agent 
of the school, — The Western Female Seminary. 
The effort finally failed, and the interest aroused in 
behalf of the enterprise was in a measure trans- 
ferred to Ladoga in the Freedom Association. La- 
doga Female Seminary, established in 1855, was 
intended at first to supply the wants of its ewn As- 
sociation, but it was found that Northwestern In- 
diana was its appropriate field. It has done suc- 
cessful work under Pi-incipals Rev. G. Williams, 
M. Bailey, Rev. A. J. Vawter, and Rev. W. Hill. 
For lack of endowment it finally suspended. 

The same may be said in general of Crown Point 
Academy, under the principalship of Rev. T. H. 
Ball, and Huntington Academy, founded by Dea- 
con John Kenower. The lack of endowment, and 



the fact of the establishment of public high schools 
in the State within a few years, led to the suspen- 
sion of all schools except the college at Franklin. 
The last to succumb was the Indianapolis Female 
Institute. This was founded in 1858. Rev. G. 
Williams was its first principal. The total expended 
for site and buildings was §53,000. Rev. L. Hay- 
den, D.D., was the last principal. It suspended in 
1872. 

Indiana Baptists have also taken considerable 
interest in the Baptist Theological Seminary in 
Chicago, and contributed several thousand dollars 
to that institution. The largest sum given is §5000, 
by M. L. Pierce, Esq., of La Fayette. 

Ministerial training is receiving new attention 
in the State. During the year there were 42 young 
men receiving education for the ministry, 23 of 
whom were at Franklin College. 

Indiana, Publication Society in.— The Amer- 
ican Baptist Publication Society began work in 
the State about the year that it took its present 
name. Revs. G. C. Chandler and T. C. Town- 
send took special interest in the circulation of its 
tracts, the one from Franklin as a centre, the other 
from Anderson. The State has made contributions 
to the society, giving in 1857, $85 ; 1865, $438 ; 
1870, $663; 1875, $1081; 1880, $1873. Some 
legacies have been given, among the largest is one 
of $5000 from J. L. Allen. Rev. E. A. Russell is 
the Sunday-school missionary of the society for 
Indiana. 

Indiana, The Sunday-Schools of, were not 

general before 1850. Many churches, however, 
had schools as early as 1833. Most of the schools at 
first, especially in the country, were union schools, 
and were what are now called " summer" schools. 
In 1848, the missionaries of the Indiana Baptist 
State Convention were instructed "to make it a 
prominent p.art of their business to establish Sab- 
bath-schools, and labor to promote their interests." 
There was no persistent effort made to gather Sun- 
day-school statistics till 1868, when Rev. E. A. Rus- 
sell was appointed Sunday-school missionary for 
Indiana by the American Baptist Publication So- 
ciety. His report for 1870 is as follows : schools, 
285 ; officers and teachers, 1628 ; scholars, 22,369 ; 
converted during one year, 770 ; volumes in libra- 
ries, 17,111. Of the 285 schools, 51 were union. 
There is a marvelous increase since 1870. In 1878 
there were : schools, 542 ; officers and teachers, 
5000 ; scholars, 58,000 ; volumes in library, 30,000 ; 
benevolent contributions, $71,615. Indiana now 
comes to the front in the number of scholars. 

Indianapolis, Ind., Baptists of.— The First 
Baptist church was constituted Sept. 28, 1822, with 
17 members. The pastors have been Revs. B. 
Barnes, A. Smoch, J. L. Richmond, M.D., G. C. 
Chandler, D.D., T. R. Cressy, S. Dyer, Ph.D., J. 



INFANT BAPTISM 



INFANT BAPTISM 



B. Simmons, D.D., H. Day, D.D. (who was pastor 
for fifteen years and built the present house of 
worship), W. Randolph, D.D., H. C. Mabie (pres- 
ent pastor). The church at present numbers 515. 
The superintendent of the Sabbath-school is W. 

C. Smoch. The church has planted three other 
churches in the city. 

South Street was organized in 1869 with 73 mem- 
bers. Its pastors have been Revs. W. Elgin, H. 
Smith, G. W. Riley, J. S. Gillespie, and J. N. 
Clark (present pastor). Present membership, 217. 

North Street was organized in 1871 with 27 mem- 
bers. Its pastors have been Revs. E. K. Chandler, 
J. B. Schaff, I. N. Carman, and G. H. Elgin (pres- 
ent pastor). Present membership, 120. 

Garden church was organized in 1872 with 16 
members. Its pastors have been Revs. S. Corne- 
lius, D.D., P. Shedd, and C. B. Allen, Jr. Present 
membership, 112. Sabbath-school superintendent, 
H. Knippenberg. 

Infant Baptism in all Ages has required 
Faith before its Administration.— This is one 

of the most remarkable features of that unscrip- 
tural practice. Neander alludes to this demand 
when he says, '•' Infant baptism also furnished 
probably the first occasion for the appointment of 
sponsors or godfathers ; for as this was a case in 
which the persons baptized could not themselves 
declare their confession of faith, it became neces- 
sary for others to do it in their name." (Church 
History, i. 315. Boston.) From the first intima- 
tions of the existence of infant baptism the sponsor 
is spoken of, who professed faith for the child. 
Though it should be remembered that sponsors 
were required for others as well as infants, and 
that Neander was mistaken in saying that " infant 
baptism also furnished probably the first occasion 
for the appointment of sponsors." He only gives 
his opinion as a probability. As Bingham says, 
" There were sponsors for such adult persons as 
could not answer for themselves," who were speech- 
less from some cause, and there were sponsors for 
persons of full intelligence, " whose duty was not 
to answer in their names" (the candidates for bap- 
tism), "but only to admonish and instruct them." 
(Antiquities of the Christian Church, pp. 526, 527. 
London, 1870.) Tertullian mentions the existence 
of sponsors in his day, when child, not infant, bap- 
tism was first proposed. (De Baptismo, cap. 18.) 
It is probable, since sponsors were in the church 
in the end of the second century, before infant 
baptism existed, that they were first used in times 
of persecution to guard the Christian communities 
against spies who sought membership in them to 
betray them, and that afterwards they were em- 
ployed to instruct and guard those for whose char- 
acter they had become responsible. There is no 
lack of evidence among early writers to sustain 



Bingham's three classes of sponsors, so that when 
the word sponsor is found in the fathers it may 
have no reference to infant baptism ; but when in- 
fant baptism was introduced sponsors were always 
required to profess faith for the unconscious sub- 
jects of the rite. 

"When Augustine baptized an infant he asked. 
"Does this child believe in God? Does he turn to 
God?" And he declares expressly in another place 
that sponsors answered for the children. (Patrol- 
ogia Latina, xxxiii. 363. Parisiis.) The great 
bishop of HippO; the man who gave its chief im- 
petus to infant baptism, insisted on faith before its 
administration. Martin Luther's " Smaller Cate- 
chism" has these questions and answers : 

" When did the Holy Ghost begin this santifica- 
tion in you?" " In the holy ordinance of baptism 
the Holy Ghost began this sanctification in me." 

" What did God promise you in holy baptism ?" 
" God promised, and also bestowed upon me, the 
forgiveness of sins, life, and salvation." 

" But what did you promise God?" " I prom- 
ised that I would renounce the devil and all his 
works and ways, andibelievein Godihe Father, Son, 
and Holy Ghost." 

" Through whom did you make this promise in 
holy baptism ?" " I made this promise in holy 
baptism through my sponsors." (Catechism, p. 
58. New York, 1867.) 

" The Garden of the Soul" (pp. 184, 185. Lon- 
don), a popular English Catholic prayer-book, has 
these questions and answers about baptism : 

" Dost thou renounce Satan?" "I do renounce 
him." 

" And all his works?" " I do renounce them." 

" And all his pomps ?" " I do renounce them." 

" Dost thou believe in God, the Father Almighty, 
creator of heaven and earth ?" " I do believe." 

" Dost thou believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, 
our Lord, who was born into this world and suf- 
fered for us?" " Jdo foeZieye." 

" Dost thou believe in the Holy Ghost, the holy 
Catholic Church, the communion of saints, the for- 
giveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and 
life everlasting?" " I do believe." 

It is stated at the commencement of these ques- 
tions that " the priest interrogates the person to be 
baptized, or the sponsors, if an infiint, as follows ;" 
so that the sponsors not only make solemn renun- 
ciations for the infant, but profess a comprehensive 
faith for it befoi-e it can be baptized. 

In the Greek Church the priest, as a prerequisite 
to baptism, asks, "Hast thou renounced Satan?" 
And the catechumen or sponsor replies, " I have 
renounced him." 

" Hast thou joined thyself unto Christ?" And 
he answers, " I have joined myself." 

" And dost thou believe on him ?" The catechu- 



INFANT BAPTISM 



578 



INFANT BAPTISM 



men replies, " I believe on him as king and God." 
(Neale's History of the Holy Eastern Church, 
Part I. 956. London, 1850.) Of course, in the 
case of an infant the faith is professed by the spon- 
sor, and it must be confessed before baptism. 

In the Episcopal Church, when a child is brought 
for baptism, the minister asks each godfather and 
godmother the following questions, and receives 
the answers given to them : 

" Dost thou, in the name of this child, renounce 
the devil and all his works, the vain pomp and glory 
of the world, with all covetous desires of the same, 
and the carnal desires of the flesh, so that thou wilt 
not follow nor be led by them?" "I renounce 
them all." 

" Dost thou believe in God, the Father Almighty, 
maker of heaven and earth? And in Jesus Christ, 
his only begotten Son, our Lord? And that he 
was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Vir- 
gin Mary ; that he suffered under Pontius Pilate, 
was crucified, dead, and buried ; that he went into 
hell, and also did rise again the third day ; that he 
ascended into heaven and sitteth at the right hand 
of God, the Father Almighty, and from thence 
shall come again at the end of the world to judge 
the quick and the dead ?" etc. " All this I stead- 
fastly believed (Book of Common Prayer : Public 
Baptism of Infants.) Such is the profession of 
faith made by sponsors for an unconscious infant 
in the Episcopal Chui-ch. The " Westminster Con- 
fession of Faith," chap, xxviii. sec. 4, says, "Not 
only those that do actually profess faith in and 
obedience unto Christ, but also the infants of one 
or both belieoing pai-ents, are to be baptized." Here 
there is no provision made for the baptism of any 
infant unless one of its parents had faith in Christ ; 
and upon that faith the baptism of any infant de- 
pends among the Scotch, Scotch-Irish, English, 
and American Presbyterians. 

The British Congregationalists, though having 
the " Savoy Confession," prepared by their own 
brethren, according to Neale (History of the Pu- 
ritans, iv. 164. Dublin, 1755), "have in a manner 
laid aside the use of it in their families, and agreed 
with the Presbyterians in the use of the Assem- 
bly's ("Westminster) Catechism." Robinson gives 
an account of a Congregational baptism at which 
the minister stated that " not only those that do 
actually profess faith in and obedience unto Christ, 
but also the infants of one or both believing pa- 
rents, were to be baptized." (History of Baptism, 
p. 681. Nashville.) These are the exact words 
of the " Westminster Confession of Faith," and 
they require faith in one parent for the baptism of 
an infant. 

Throughout the Christian ages all the great 
churches that baptized infants before the Reforma- 
tion, and all the large communities that were 



formed during or soon after it that followed that 
practice, insisted on faith as essential to baptism 
as strongly as the Baptists have ever done. When 
the " Episcopal Catechism," in answer to the ques- 
tion, "What is required of persons to be bap- 
tized?" says, "Repentance, whereby they forsake 
sin, and faith, whereby they steadfastly believe the 
promises of God made to them in that sacrament," 
it gives the doctrine held by all the great historic 
communities of the Christian world since infant 
baptism arose about the absolute need of faith 
before baptism. This has always been the teaching 
of Baptists during the Christian centuries when 
only believers were immersed, and throughout all 
the dark and enlightened ages since. The differ- 
ence between us and Pedobaptists is that they are 
satisfied with healing faith in a sponsor, or in a 
parent, while the infant has the disease of sin and 
is without faith in Christ. If it reaches years of 
responsibility it will surely be without God and 
without hope in the world ; and we want the heal- 
ing faith in the heart of the candidate, according 
to the Master's saying, " He that believeth and is 
baptized shall be saved." — Mark xvi. 16. 

We furnish candidates for immersion with suit>- 
able robes in which to receive Christian baptism ; 
but we can only loan the garments, the needed faith 
is the gift of God. The five wise virgins in the 
parable, as they beheld their five foolish compan- 
ions in the throes of despair because they had not 
the oil of saving faith in their lamps, full of com- 
passion for them as they were, and enjoying the 
faith that gave everlasting life, had no faith to loan 
them or to profess for them. And no Christian 
ever had a faith which he could place to the credit 
of any one, infant or adult. A man might as well 
attempt to loan an unconscious child the vigor of 
his mature mind, or the power of his strong right 
arm, or a dozen of the heavenly worlds. 

Infant Baptism in the first Four Christian 

Centuries. — There is not a single recorded case in 
the first two ages of Christian history of the bap- 
tism of an unconscious babe. Men have searched 
this period with a scrutiny and a measure of learn- 
ing never surpassed to find one undeniable instance 
of the kind, but the literature of Christianity has 
been examined in vain, and it ever will be. Justin 
Martyr gives a full account of the manner of con- 
ferring baptism in the latter half of the second cen- 
tury. "Asmany," says he, ^^ sxsa,vQ persxiaded and 
believe that the things which we teach and declare are 
true, and protnise that they are determined to live ac- 
cordingly, are taught to pray to God, and to beseech 
him with fasting to grant them the remission for their 
sins, while we also pray and fast with them. We 
then lead them to a place where there is water, and 
there they are regenerated in the same manner as 
we also were ; for they are there washed in that 



INFANT BAPTISM 



579 



INFANT BAPTISM 



water in the name of Go4 the Father and Lord of 
the universe, and of our Saviour Jesus Christ, and 
of the Holy Spirit." (Patrologia Graeca, vol. vi. 
p. 240. Migne. Parisiis, 1857.) 

In Justin's time candidates for baptism believed 
that the statements of Christian teachers were true : 
they promised to live according to gospel require- 
ments, and they prayed for pardon. These were 
believers, and lie names no other class of persons 
who were baptized. Tertullian, just at the close 
of the second century, while yet orthodox, says, 
" It behooves those who are going to be baptized 
to pray with frequent supplications, fasts, kneel- 
ings, and vigils, and with the confession of all past 
faults, that they may show forth even John's bap- 
tism ; they were immersed," he says, "confessing 
their sins." (De Baptismo, cap. xx.) No uncon- 
scious babe could make these preparations, or at 
this period enjoyed Christian baptism. There was 
in Tertullian's time an effort made to introduce, 
not the baptism of new-born infants, but of little 
children, which he denounced. The learned Sal- 
masius and Suicerus have been criticised by Bing- 
ham for the statement, " For the first two ages no 
one received baptism who was not first instructed 
in the faith and doctrine of Christ, so as to be able 
to answer for himself that he believed, because of 
those words, ' He that believeth and is baptized.' " 
(Antiquities of the Christian Church, Book xi. 
chap, iv, sec. 5.) But Bingham, profoundly versed 
as he was in the doctrines and practices of the early 
church, brings forward no case of the baptism of 
an unconscious infant during this period, or a posi- 
tive account of the existence of thorite. He could not. 

There is but one case of unconscious infant bap- 
tism in the entire third century. The facts about 
it are found — in the letter of Cyprian and sixty-six 
bishops addressed to Fidus — in the works of Cyp- 
rian bishop of Carthage. Fidus, an African bishop, 
living in scenes of rustic ignorance, wrote to Cyp- 
rian to learn the earliest time when an infant 
might be baptized. Cyprian could not answer the 
question ; but a council of sixty-six bishops, of 
which he was a member, decided that it might be 
baptized as soon as it was born. They also gave 
their reasons for their conclusion. One was be- 
cause the sins of a babe were not as grave as those 
of a man, and as baptism took away the greater 
sins it could remove the smaller ; and another was 
that Elisha placed his body upon the lifeless body 
of the child which he restored, his mouth to its 
mouth, his eyes to its eyes, and his hands to its 
hands, the spiritual sense of which was that infants 
are equal to men, and therefore should have their 
baptism. This is the first record of unconscious 
infant baptism on the page of Christian history, 
and there is no other instance in the third century. 
The council was supposed to have been held about 



A.D. 256. This letter in Cyprian is supposed by 
many to be spurious ; and we are inclined to that 
opinion, chiefly because the progress of the infant 
error was so very slow ; the great theologian, Au- 
gustine, a North African by birth, who was born in 
354, whose mother was the saintly Monica, was not 
baptized till he was thirty-three years of age, — an 
occurrence nearly impossible if the infant rite had 
been sanctioned by Cyprian and the other authori- 
ties of the North African Church a century before. 
The Christian writers of the East in the third cen- 
tury treat of child, not infant, baptism, — children 
of six years or more. 

In the fourth century the greatest church lead- 
ers, and some of them the most eminent Christian 
authors of all the ages since Jesus, though the 
children of believers, were not baptized in infancy. 
Ambrose, whose family were all Christians, was 
governor of Milan, and elected to be its archbishop 
before he was baptized. In 381, Nectarius was 
elected archbishop of Constantinople, when, ac- 
cording to Sozomen, " he was of advanced age," 
and unbaptized. Gregory Nazianzen, who was 
born while his father was bishop of Nazianzum, 
was baptized in his thirtieth year, and he was 
archbishop of Constantinople. The eloquent John 
Chrysostom, both of whose parents were Chris- 
tians, was baptized when he was twenty-eight, and 
he, too, presided over the See of Constantinople. 
Basil the Great, whose fathers were Christians for 
generations, who died in 379, was baptized in his 
twenty-eighth year. Jerome, the first Hebrew 
and Greek scholar among Christians in the fourth 
century, who was born of believing parents in 331, 
was not baptized till about 366. Theodosius the 
Great, after proving himself a valiant warrior, 
was baptized, though he had Christian parents, as 
Sozomen relates. 

The baptism of the fourth century required can- 
didates to profess faith in Jesus, as we learn from 
Ambrose in his " De Sacramentis." " Thou wast 
asked," says he, addressing candidates, '"Dost 
thou believe in God, the omnipotent Father?' and 
thou saidst, ' I believe,' and thou was immersed, 
that is, thou wast buried. Again thou was asked, 
' Dost thou believe in our Lord Jesus Christ, and in 
his cross ?' And thou saidst, ' I believe' ; and thou 
was immersed, and therefore thou wast buried with 
Christ. ... A third time thou wast asked, ' Dost 
thou believe in the Holy Spirit?' And thou saidst, 
' I believe' ; and a third time thou wast immersed." 
(Patrol. Lat., vol. xvi. p. 448. Migne. Parisiis.) 
This faith was the general demand at the baptisms 
of the fourth century throughout Christendom. 
Masses of men whose parents were Christians, and 
who attended churches and loved Christ, had never 
been baptized either in childhood or in later years. 
They were waiting for baptism till the approach of 



INFANT BAPTISM 



580 



INFANT BAPTISM 



death, that its waters might give full cleansing 
from sin and a perfect fitness for heaven. 

The clergy of the fourth century were continually 
appealing to the regular members of their congre- 
gations to be baptized, throngs of whom had never 
received the rite; and in times of threatened war 
or pestilence multitudes hastened to baptism and 
the ministers could with difficulty immerse them. 
" Infant baptism," says Neander, " though acknowl- 
edged to be necessary, entered so rarely and with so 
much difficulty into the church life, during the first 
part of this period." (Church History, ii. 319. 
Boston.) The cases of infant baptism in the fourth 
century, outside of North Africa, are scarcely 
worthy of being named. And in that Koman col- 
ony the earnest appeals and arguments of Augus- 
tine show that its strength was not great. Dean 
Stanley only claims that " after the fifth century the 
whole Christian world . . . have baptized chil- 
dren." (Nineteenth Century, p. 39, October, 1879.) 
It is perhaps true that in all parts of Christendom 
some persons immersed children after the fifth cen- 
tury had entirely passed, but if the dean intends to 
state that the unconscious infants of Christians 
everywhere were baptized, his declaration is in- 
capable of proof though the piercing eye of an 
archangel sought the evidence. 

Infant Baptism, Unfit Supports of.— As Bap- 
tists view the bases upon which its friends place 
infant baptism, they seem wholly inadequate to 
sustain it. 

Among the oldest of these is the assumption that 
baptism has come in the place of circumcision. 
Augustine of Hippo uses this argument as if it 
were infallible; and it is employed to-day with the 
same childlike confidence which marked the great 
African bishop when he framed it. But what 
Scripture confirms the statement? By implication 
or declaration the assertion has no more support in 
the New Testament than the claims of Leo XIII. 
to be the successor of Peter as the supposed prince 
of the apostles. If baptism took the place of cir- 
cumcision, no man should have both rites. But 
Christ received both ; so did the thousands of Pen- 
tecostal converts; so did Paul, the greatest of all 
the apostles. There is then no connection between 
the two ordinances. Dr. Halley, a distinguished 
English Congi-egationalist, in his celebrated work 
in defense of infant baptism, says, " The general 
opinion that baptism is substituted for circumcision, 
as a kind of hereditary seal of the covenant of 
grace, appears to be ill-sustained by Scriptural evi- 
dence, and to be exposed to some very serious, if 
not absolutely fatal, objections." (The Sacra- 
ments, p. 34. London, 1855.) 

Another argument to sustain the infant rite is 
taken from Matthew's gospel, xix. 13, 14, 15 : 
" Then were there brought unto him little chil- 



dren, that he should put his hands on them and 
pray ; and the disciples rebuked them. But Jesus 
said, ' Suffer little children, and forbid them not, to 
come unto me : for of such is the kingdom of 
heaven.' " This passage is regarded by many as 
absolutely proving that infant baptism is invested 
with the sanction of Jesus. From it we learn that 
the apostles knew nothing of the baptism of children, 
for they would not let them approach Jesus till he 
commanded them to permit them to come ; and, as 
baptism had been in existence for some time, it is 
quite clear infants had no part in the baptismal 
ordinance. Besides, they were only brought to him 
that he might " put his hands on them and pray," 
and it is said that " he laid his hands on them ;" 
but he did not baptize them. The words " of such 
is the kingdom of heaven" do not mean that of 
children is the kingdom of heaven. If the Saviour 
had said of the little children, " of them is the 
kingdom of heaven," then no adult could have en- 
tered Christ's gospel kingdom of love. Jerome, in 
the fourth century, commenting on these words, in 
his Latin vulgate, observes, " Jesus said of such, 
not of them, to show that not age but morals should 
rule, and that to those who had similar innocence 
and simplicity a reward was promised." This is 
the Saviour's meaning, given by the famous monk 
of Palestine. This transaction has nothing in favor 
of infant baptism, and something against it. 

In 1 Cor. vii. 12, 13, 14, Paul recommends a 
Christian not to put away an unbelieving husband 
or wife if the unbeliever will stay. Now the un- 
believer might be a Pharisee or an idolater, and he 
adds, "For the unbelieving husband is sanctified 
by the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified 
by the husband, else were children unclean ; but 
now are they holy." The holiness spoken of here 
is not sanctification of the heart, but the legality 
of the wedded relations. The idolatrous companion 
or the unbelieving partner can be sanctified in no 
other way. Peter says, " Ye know that it is an 
unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep 
company, or come unto one of another nation." — 
Acts X. 28. Paul tells these converted Israelites 
that they shall not forsake their Christ-rejecting 
partners, that their relations are proper, and their 
children legitimate. Because the children are said 
to be holy, it is argued that they should be baptized. 
For the same reason the ungodly idolatress or Jew- 
ess, the idolater or scornful Pharisee, should be bap- 
tized, for the adjective that describes the children 
as holy is from, the verb that sanctifies the unbe- 
lieving husband and wife. The apostle is not treat- 
ing of baptism, but of the sacredness of wedded re- 
lations and the legitimacy of children ; and infant 
or unbelieving adult baptism can obtain no aid 
here. 

The household baptisms furnish another argu- 



INFANT SALVATION 



INGELS 



ment for infant baptism. '.' There must have been in- 
fants in them," it is said, " and they must have been 
baptized, and therefore the children of all believers 
should be baptized." There is not a tittle of evidence 
that there was an infant in one of the households. 
Dr. J. H. Borum, of Dyersburg, Tenn., has bap- 
tized forty-six households in his ministry, and there 
was not an infant in one of them. And until it is 
proved that there were infants in these households, 
and that they were immersed, infant baptism rests 
upon a supposition,— a, mere conceit, not worth the 
one-hundredth part of the chaffy covering of a corn 
of wheat. (See article on The Scriptural Sub- 
jects OF Baptism.) 

Infant Salvation. — The following is from a 
tract entitled "Infant Salvation, Dedication, and 
Baptism," issued by the American Baptist Publi- 
cation Society : " Are not infants, dying in infancy, 
saved? Certainly. Of a child which was the fruit 
of sin, David says, ' I shall go to him, but he shall 
not return to me.' 2 Sam. xil. 23. AVe have no 
reason to suppose that God will consign to hell in- 
fants who have never known good from evil. There 
is no controversybetween Baptists and evangelical 
Pedobaptists on this point." If any statement 
could be regarded as authoritative for the whole 
Baptist denomination, this declaration might be 
received in that character. It comes from our 
great Baptist tract and book society, which is gov- 
erned by the Baptists of America. 

The doctrine of the quotation is held by all Bap- 
tists everywhere. Every child that dies before it 
knows " right from wrong," in any country under 
heaven, enters the regions of the blessed. 

Ingalls, Mrs. M. B., the second wife of Rev. 
L. Ingalls, of the Arracan Mission, was born in 
Greenville, N. Y., Nov. 25, 1828. She was married 
in December, 1850, and sailed for the field of her 
labor July 10, 1851. Mr. Ingalls was transferred 
in 1854 to the Burmese department of the Rangoon 
Mission, where Mrs. Ingalls was his co-laborer 
until he died, March 14, 1856, after a faithful ser- 
vice of twenty -one years. Mrs. Ingalls superin- 
tended his schools for the education of Burmese 
girls, in 1857, and on one occasion, early in the 
year, made a tour of twenty-three days into the 
jungle in company with some of the native disci- 
ples, and found everywhere eager listeners. In 
April of this year she returned to America, remain- 
ing here until re-embarking for the scene of her 
former labors, Nov. 26, 1858, where she met a cor- 
dial welcome on her arrival in Rangoon from the 
missionaries and native converts. She took up her 
abode in the midst of a Burmese population, two 
miles north of the Kemendine Karen Mission, in a 
place called Zay-Ghee. In this place and at Thong- 
zai her labors were greatly blessed. She removed 
to Thongzai in the latter part of 1860, from which 



place she wrote home a letter, soon after her settle- 
ment, full of hope and good cheer. The most re- 
markable success followed her labors, — a success in 
some respects unprecedented in the history of the 
Burmese Jlissions. One cannot but admire the good 
common-sense sort of way in which Mrs. Ingalls 
did, and always has done, her work. She wrote of 
herself, in 1864: " It is not a day of romance with 
me, but a day when my^strength and trust in God 
must be tested." The trial came in one of the 
severest forms, in July, 1864, when the new and 
beautiful chapel Avas destroyed by fire. Mrs. In- 
galls lost nearly all her personal effects, and among 
them various manuscripts which probably could 
never be replaced. The eS"ect of this loss, in addi- 
tion to the weight of the burdens she had so long 
carried, so prostrated her health that she returned 
to this country in 1865, remaining here until 
the fall of 1868, awakening a deep interest in the 
churches she visited in the cause of missions. On 
her return she found a new chapel nearly com- 
pleted, and the church ready to give her a cordial 
welcome, and for several years the work went on 
hopefully and successfully, until the night of the 
12th of March, 1876, when the torch of the incen- 
diary was applied to the mission compound, and 
again nearly everything was destroyed except the 
chapel. But amid all these sorrows there were 
joys ; so that of the year 1876 it could be said, "it 
was a year of troubles and a year of blessings." 
The last published report of the Executive Commit- 
tee says that, "so far as outward circumstances 
are concerned, the mission under the charge of Mrs. 
Ingalls is in better condition than ever, and that 
the prospects of usefulness are as great as ever." 

Ingels, Deacon George, was born in White 

Marsh Township, Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 26, 
1746. AVhen sixteen years of age he came to Phil- 
adelphia, and soon after the Holy Spirit made him 
the subject of serious religious impressions. In 
October, 1767, he was baptized into the fellowship 
of the First Baptist church of his adopted city. 
Five years after his baptism he was chosen a dea- 
con by the church, and for fifty -five years he served 
the church in that honorable office. 

He was a patriot full of self-sacrifice in Revolu- 
tionary times, and by his courage in the battle- 
field, and in the camp in the coldest of winters, he 
earned the character of a brave soldier and an un- 
murmuring sufferer. In civil life he was elected to 
various responsible offices by his fellow-citizens, 
and both the State and general government enlisted 
his services. 

He was perhaps the most active man in Phila- 
delphia in ministering to the victims of yellow 
fever in 1797. His efforts were unwearied, and 
brought comfort to the homes of suffering thou- 
sands in that visitation of terror and death. 



INGERSOLL 



INTERCESSOR 



Mr. Ingels had a strong faith in the Lord 
Jesus Christ, and a heart full of generous affec- 
tions ; and among the laymen connected with the 
"mother-church" of Philadelphia, in her long and 
honored history, no one rendered more efficient ser- 
vice to the Redeemer's cause than Deacon Ingels. 
He died in his eighty-first year, enjoying the con- 
fidence and love of the people of Philadelphia. 

Ingersoll, Hon. George, of Marshall, Mich., 

was born in Victor, Ontario Co., N. Y., Feb. 5, 
1819. He became a member of the Baptist Church 
in 1842, and has been a chief pillar of the church 
ever since. He has been superintendent of the 
Sunday-school fifteen years. He has also been 
president of the board of education of the city for 
fifteen years, and is now judge of probate for Cal- 
houn County. 

Ingham, Richard, D.D., author of the " Hand- 
book on Christian Baptism," and " Christian Bap- 
tism, its Subjects and Mode," was born at Halifax, 
Yorkshire, England, in 1810. He was baptized 
Nov. 20, 1829, and received authority to preach 
from the General Baptist church at Slack, York- 
shire, in 1833. Relinquishing his business some 
time after, he studied for the ministry under the 
Rev. J. Jarrow, of Wisbeach, and was ordained 
pastor at Bradford in 1839. He spent the years of 
his ministry in Louth, Halifax, Vale, and Bradford, 
and died June 1, 1873. As a preacher he was highly 
esteemed, and his labors as a student were untiring 
and successful. His " Hand-book" is allowed to 
be a work of great value, carefully and thoroughly 
executed. 

Inman, Rev. G., a native of Sumner Co., Tenn., 
was born in 1836; educated at Union University, 
Murfreesborough, Tenn. ; ordained by the Hills- 
borough Baptist church in Washington Co., Ky., 
where he began his ministry in 1858 ; labored as 
pastor of the Baptist churches of Clarksville and 
Spring Creek, Montgomery Co., Ky., five years, of 
the Central Baptist church, Nashville, Tenn., five 
years, of the Baptist church in Decatur, 111., three 
years, of the Baptist church of Fox Lake, his pres- 
ent field of labor, two years. His ministry has 
been fruitful in results. He has baptized about 
500 persons into the fellowship of the churches of 
which he has been pastor. He is a very active 
and able worker in the temperance cause. In his 
native State he held a leading position in the ranks 
of temperance reformers, and no great temperance 
assembly was considered complete without his pres- 
ence. By his pen and voice he has furnished to 
this important reform some of its most efiective 
weapons. His own pulpit is always a stronghold 
of total abstinence, and from it are struck heavy 
blows against the sin of drunkenness and drunkard- 
making. 

Installation in recent years has become gen- 



eral in large cities when an ordained minister 
enters upon a new field. The pastor and his people 
on such occasions commonly hear a sermon from 
some brother in the ministry, the hand of fellow- 
ship is given to the stranger, and a charge ; a 
charge is also delivered to the church. The object 
of the service is to give a welcome to the pastor, 
and to stir up him and his people to appreciate the 
weighty responsibilities that rest upon them. 

Intercessor, The. — A belief in intercessors is 
universal among the adherents of every false re- 
ligion. Heathenism abounds in such mediators. 
Mohammed is supposed to intercede for all true 
Moslems. Tertullian expresses the conviction that 
Satan has something to imitate every institution of 
God. This observation is eminently true of inter- 
cession. Romanism has an intercessor in every 
canonized saint. 

The Jewish high priest, by divine appointment 
interceded in the holy of holies for his nation. And 
God cannot be approached acceptably now, except 
through Christ the great intercessor, of whom the 
chief of the Jewish priesthood was an humble type. 
" For there is one God, and one Mediator between 
God and men, the man Christ Jesus." — 1 Tim. ii. 5. 
" My little children, these things write I unto you, 
that you sin not : and if any man sin, we have an 
advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the right- 
eous." — 1 John ii. 1. " Jesus saith unto him, I am 
the way, the truth, and the life ; no man cometh 
unto the Father but by me." — John xiv. 6. God 
has appointed but one intercessor ; every other 
claimant to that office is a sacrilegious impostor ; 
and the fact that Jehovah ordained Christ as an 
advocate for all who ventured to approach him is 
infallible evidence that the purest and the foulest 
of our race, in their approaches to the eternal 
throne, need the all-prevailing Mediator. 

Our intercessor bases his pleadings for us upon 
his expiatory sacrifice. When the high priest of 
Israel entered the holy of holies to plead for the 
Jews, he first sprinkled the mercy-seat with blood 
and then presented his supplications. Paul says, 
" Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, 
both sure and steadfast, and which entereth into 
that within the veil (the holy of holies) ; whither 
the forerunner is for us entered, even Jesus, made 
a high priest forever after the order of Melchise- 
dec." — Heb. vi. 19, 20. Christ enters into the holy 
of holies in paradise with his own blood, and, as 
the high priest of the whole elect family, he pleads 
its merits for them all. 

He observes every supplicant who seeks Ms inter- 
cessions. His honored mother has no more pOwer 
to see or hear than any other glorified believer, 
and, consequently, is totally unfitted to be an in- 
tercessor. But, " being in the form of God, and 
thinking it no robbery to be equal with God," he 



IOWA 



IOWA 



sees every petitioner at his throne, and he observes 
the prayerful desires of his heart before he clothes 
them in words. 

He is unwearied in his intercessions. " He ever 
liveth to make intercession for us." Men die, and 
empires perish, and night hides the glory of the 
day, but the pleadings of our advocate are contin- 
ually poured out in the ear of Deity ; nor will they 
cease till the last gift needed by the last believer 
on earth has given him perfect preparation for 
heaven. 

He is a tender-hearted intercessor. " Wherefore 
in all things it behooved him to be made like unto 
his brethren, that he might be a merciful and faith- 
ful high priest." — Heb. ii. 17. The fountain of 
compassionate love, from which all the affection of 
angels and men has streamed forth, is in his heart ; 
and it exercises a boundless influence over his move- 
ments. 

He will plead for any penitent who trusts his 
name, and he will seek every needful gift for each 
supplicating child ; and his eloquent advocacy has 
such a power on high that the Father always hears 
him, and the trusting one who commits his case to 
him is invariably successful. 

Iowa Baptists, History of.— There were some 
Baptists among the earliest settlers of Iowa. In 
succeeding years, as the tide of emigration flowed 
into the territory, Baptists were fairly represented. 
The fullest and most reliable account of Iowa Bap- 
tists in their earlier history is found in a paper 
carefully prepared by Rev. J. F. Childs some years 
ago, entitled " The History of the Rise and Prog- 
ress of Iowa Baptists." This history is still un- 
published, but, through the kindness of the author, 
it contributes largely to the facts of this sketch. 
The Danville, or, as originally called, the Long 
Creek, church, was the first Baptist church in 
Iowa. Brother and Sister Manly came from Ken- 
tucky, bringing with them the Articles of Faith 
adopted by the Bush Creek Baptist church. Green 
Co., Ky. They settled within six miles of Dan- 
ville, where they continued to reside. Together 
with a few Baptists from Illinois, they organized a 
church, and invited Elders John Logan and Gard- 
ner Bartlett, of Illinois, to preach for them. Elder 
Logan preached in a log cabin the evening of Oct. 
19, 1834, probably the first sermon by an evangel- 
ical minister in this part of the Territory. The 
next day the church was constituted and named 
" The Regular Baptist Church at Long Creek." 

In 1838 another church was organized, about 
six miles southwest of Burlington, through the 
labors of Elders James and Moses Lemon and 
Clark, from Illinois. It was called " The Bap- 
tist Church of Christ, Friend to Humanity, at 
Rock Spring, Iowa." The Union and Pisgah 
churches were organized in 1839. In 1839 three 



churches, Long Creek, Union, and Pisgah, were 
organized into an Association, the first Baptist As- 
sociation in the Territory. The meeting was held 
in a grove, west of what is now Danville Centre. 
The membership of the three churches was less 
than 90, and the number of delegates in attend- 
ance was 10. The organization was effected and 
the entire business of the meeting transacted while 
9 of the delegates were seated in a row on a log 
and the moderator standing before them, supported 
by the back of a chair. The body was called " The 
Iowa Baptist Association." In 1843, after the or- 
ganization of the Davenport Association, its name 
was changed to the " Des Moines Association." 

The Baptists of Iowa went on gaining from year to 
year. Their strength and efficiency were increased 
by accessions to the ministry of able and earnest men, 
many of whom came under the appointment of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society, by the 
constant tide of emigration from the older States 
bringing in many faithful Baptists, and by the 
conversion of souls. New fields of Christian labor 
were occupied, churches were multiplied, a general 
organization for missionary work was formed, ad- 
ditional Associations were established, the Sunday- 
school enterprise was pressed forward, means were 
proposed and devised for the advantages of higher 
education, and institutions of learning were founded. 

Baptist churches are found in most of the prin- 
cipal cities and towns of the State. There are now 
in Iowa 24 Baptist Associations, 410 churches, 
having a membership of 24,700 ; over 1000 were 
added to these churches by baptism during the year 
1879-80. They have about 250 Sunday-schools, 
with 20,000 pupils, and are well represented nu- 
merically in their institutions of learning now at 
work. The Baptist ministry of Iowa has many 
men of sterling worth. Not a few of them have 
supported their families in part or altogether by 
the labor of their own hands while preaching the 
gospel to others. Iowa Baptists have been, and 
they still are, represented in the civil and educa- 
tional interests of the State and nation, holding 
places of prominence and trust in halls of legisla- 
tion, in executive and judicial positions, and among 
professional men. Iowa Baptists have contributed 
some noble men and women for the work of foreign 
missions, and for missionary toils in the dark places 
of our own land. Among the biographical sketches 
of this work will be found the names of a few men 
who are now living in the State or are sleeping in 
its soil. These by no means exhaust the list of 
men worthy of special notice, but may be accepted 
as representatives of the difl'erent classes whose 
lives and labors occupy an important place in 
Iowa Baptist history. 

Iowa Baptists have a future which has the prom- 
ise of marked advancement and blessed results to 



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584 



IOWA 



those interests of Christ's kingdom committed to 
their trust. 

Iowa, Baptist Centennial Academy of, is 

located in Malvern, Mills Co., Southwestern Iowa. 
The enterprise was begun mainly by Rev. J. W. Roe, 
pastor at Malvern, in 1876. The expense of build- 
ing was borne almost wholly by the church. The 
subscriptions taken by Mr. Roe amounted to $8000, 
but he died before the edifice was begun. It Avas 
erected in 1877-78, during the pastorate of his 
successor, the Rev. 0. T. Conger, the name of Mr. 
Roe being chiseled in the corner-stone. The build- 
ing is a beautiful structure, and cost, as it now 
stands, about $12,000. The first and only princi- 
pal the school has had thus far is R. M. Bridges, 
A.M., a man of scholarly attainments. 

Iowa Baptist State Convention.—" In re- 
sponse to a call of the Des Moines Association, a 
Convention of brethren from the Baptist churches 
in Iowa Territory was held in Iowa City, June 
3-4, 1842, to consider the expediency of forming a 
Territorial Association for missionary purposes." 
Twenty-five delegates were present. Some had 
walked seventy-five miles. Three of these dele- 
gates, C. E. Brown, William Elliott, and M. W, 
Rudd, are still living and in Iowa. B. Carpenter 
was made president, and W. B. Morey secretary, of 
" The Iowa Baptist General Association." In 1851 
the name was changed to " Iowa Baptist State 
Convention." The constitution then adopted said, 
" The object of this Association shall be to promote 
the preaching of the gospel, ministerial education, 
and all the general objects of benevolence through- 
out this Territory." Though the name of the or- 
ganization has been changed, the declared object 
has remained the same. 

At the time of this organization there were about 
380 Baptists in the Territory, and not more than 15 
Baptist churches, while Iowa then had a population 
of about 52,000. For the first fourteen years of its 
history this Association was little more than an 
agent for the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society, to advise and assist that society in its 
work. In 1854 and 1855 the Convention at- 
tempted some direct labors in behalf of the German 
population. In 1856 the Rev. I. M. Seay received 
the first commission ever issued by this body. Dur- 
ing the same year two other missionaries were sent 
forth, and the Convention entered heartily upon its 
declared work. During 1857 twenty-five mission- 
aries were appointed, and Rev. J. Y. Aitchison was 
chosen agent. From 1858 to 1861, Rev. D. P. 
Smith labored in the interest of the Convention as 
financial agent, and a band of earnest-working 
missionaries were kept on the field. "In 1863, 
Rev. S. H. Mitchell became missionary agent, and 
labored till the fall of 1869. Other men have toiled 
in the general agency and missionary work of the 



Convention for shorter periods and rendered good 
service, while during all these years a number of 
noble, earnest-hearted men have been laboring as 
missionaries in the destitute and remote parts of 
the State. Among the secretaries have been Rev. T. 
S. Griffith, Rev. J. F. Childs, and Rev. T. F. Thick- 
stun. Rev. J. Sunderland, the present mission- 
ary secretary and general missionary, in a recent cir- 
cular says, " The Home Mission Society has aided 
missionaries in Iowa for forty-one years, issuing 
about 600 commissions. Besides all the churches 
organized, houses of worship built, Sunday-schools 
established, and souls saved, more than 5000 per- 
sons have been baptized into our churches in this 
State by its missionaries. Its work has equaled the 
labor of one man for four hundred and forty-two 
years, or an average of eleven missionaries constantly 
at work for the forty-one years. It has expended 
in this State $115,000. The State Convention has 
aided missionaries for the last twenty-five years, 
issuing 386 commissions. Its missionaries have 
baptized 3029 persons, organized 69 churches, and 
aided in building 66 meeting-houses. Their work 
equals the labor of one man for two hundred and 
sixty-one years, or an average of eleven men for the 
twenty-five years. There has been raised and ex- 
pended in this work §65,300. In the whole work 
of Baptist missions in Iowa there has been ex- 
pended $180,000. 

The Convention is now prosecuting its missions 
in co-operation with the Home Mission Society, — 
holding the control of the work in its own hands 
with such guarantees of assistance from the Home 
Mission Society as enabled the Convention to ex- 
tend it and increase its efficiency. There are at 
present thirty missionaries under appointment, in- 
cluding one Scandinavian and one German. There 
is a growing interest in this work, and a very deep 
conviction of the responsibility and promise of the 
present and future. 

The Convention has its Sunday-school depart- 
ment and Sunday-school secretary. Formerly there 
was an organization called " The Iowa Baptist 
Sunday-School Union," formed in 1867, and hav- 
ing for its object "To promote the interests of 
Baptist Sunday-Schools in Iowa." This continued 
till 1878, and did good service. Now the Sunday- 
school work is a department of the Convention. It 
is put in the hands of a committee of five, known 
as " the Sunday-School Committee co-operating 
with the American Baptist Publication Society." 
The plan includes the employment of a Sunday- 
school missionary, " to do a general pioneer mis- 
sionary work in destitute fields, by establishing 
Sunday-schools, organizing churches, holding meet- 
ings with feeble churches, holding Sunday-school 
institutes," etc. In the Baptist churches of Iowa 
there are about 250 Sunday-schools, having a 



IRELAND 



IRWIN 



membership of officers, teachers, and pupils of 
ovei- 20,000. A number of the smaller churches 
join union schools, and some of the weaker, scat- 
tered churches have no schools. For two years the 
American Baptist Publication Society and the Iowa 
Baptist State Convention have sustained a Sunday- 
school missionary. Through the efforts of these 
missionaries new churches and schools have been 
organized, and twelve Associations have formed 
Sunday-school Conventions. Other Associations 
devote a part of their time to Sunday-school inter- 
ests. Institutes have been held, awakening greater 
enthusiasm in the work. These Sunday-school 
missionaries have sold several hundred volumes of 
denominational works, besides giving away books, 
Testaments, and tracts. 

In connection with their State Convention Iowa 
Baptists have "The Iowa Union for Ministerial 
Fiducation,'' and " The Iowa Baptist Pastors' Con- 
fi^rence.'" These assemble annually with the Con- 
vention, and also at the quarterly meetings of the 
board. The Union for Ministerial Education was 
organized in 1867. Its object is "the assistance 
)f young men of Baptist churches in their educa- 
tional preparation for the gospel ministry." The 
union has assisted over fifty brethren, several of 
whom are ordained pastors. 

The Pastors' Conference was organized in 1867. 
Its object is " the mutual improvement of its mem- 
bers in Biblical knowledge and in the duties con- 
nected with the ministry." Ministers' institutes 
are occasionally held under the guidance of this 
Conference. 

Ireland, Rev. James, was born in Edinburgh, 
Scotland, in 1748. He was brought up in the Pres- 
byterian Church of his fathers. His education and 
talents were respectable. He came to America 
after reaching manhood, with pleasing manners, 
and without Christ in his heart. He was some- 
thing of a poet, and in revising one of his religious 
pieces he was deeply convicted of guilt, from which 
faith in a suffering Saviour delivered him. He be- 
came eminent as a preacher soon after his baptism ; 
his learning and the tenderness of his manner pro- 
duced a powerful impression upon his hearers, and 
the Spirit's blessing upon the truth he proclaimed 
made him a great enemy of Satan's empire. He 
formed several Baptist churches during his min- 
istry, Avhich extended over forty years, and his in- 
fluence in favor of truth was very great. 

This led the Episcopal clergy of Virginia to stir 
up social and legal persecutions against him. He 
was thrust into jail in Culpeper for preaching 
without the authority of law ; abuse was heaped 
upon him on his way to prison ; within its walls 
an attempt was made to blow him up with gun- 
powder, and on its failure an effort was put forth to 
suffocate him by burning brimstone at the door and 
38 



window of his jail. It was also planned to poison 
him. His persecutions permanently injured his 
health ; two accidents completed the work begun 
by State church tyranny, and Mr. Ireland entered 
upon his rest May 5, 1806. 

Ireland, Joseph Alexander, M.D., a distin- 
guished physician and surgeon, was born in Jeffer- 
son Co., Ky., Sept. 15, 1824. At the age of seven- 
teen he commenced studying, and graduated in 
the Kentucky School of Medicine in 1851, and im- 
mediately began the practice of his profession in the 




JOSEPH ALEXANDER IRELAND, M.D. 

city of Louisville. In 1854 he removed to Jeffer- 
son County, where he practised as a physician 
about ten years. In 1848 he was set apart for the 
ministry by a Baptist church, of which he had been 
a member from his youth, and preached statedly 
to several churches in his neighborhood. In 1864 
he was elected Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases 
of Women and Children in the Kentucky School 
of Medicine, and afterwards was made a professor 
in the university at Louisville. Since 1875 he has 
filled the chair of Diseases of Women and Children 
in both the Kentucky School of Medicine and the 
Louisville Medical College. 

Irish. Baptists. See English Baptists. 

Irwin, Rev. Charles Mercer, eldest son of 

Maj. Isaiah T. and Isabella Irwin, was born in 
Wilkes Co., Ga., Nov. 11, 1813. He was converted 
in early life, and was baptized into the fellowship 
of Sardis church by Rev. Enoch Callaway. His 
father, being wealthy, gave him the best educa- 
tional advantages of the day. Prepared for college 



IRWIN 



IVES 



by Rev. Otis Smith at Powelton, he went through 
most of the regular course in the State University 
at Athens, and then studied law in the University of 
Virginia. On his return to Georgia he was admitted 
to the bar in 1834, married a most amiable lady. Miss 
Harriet E. Battle, settled in Washington, Wilkes 
Co., and for two years practised law successfully. 
He then settled on a plantation in Hancock County. 
There the Spirit of God met him and moulded him 
to his own sacred purposes. The feelings which 
made him say at sixteen, " If, when grown, I feel 
as I do now, I shall preach," constrained him to 
consecrate himself to the Lord for life. He entered 
the ministry and was ordained at Powelton. After 
devoting several years to missionary labor in the 
southern part of the State, he settled as pastor of 
the Baptist church in Madison, where he remained 
eight years, developing preaching talents of a high 
order, and manifesting remarkable executive ability. 
So successful were his labors that his church in- 
creased largely, and soon was regarded as a model. 
His next two pastorates were at Atlanta and in Al- 
bany, Ga., in which latter place he labored with won- 
derful success for three or four years. Broken down 
in health, he took a northern trip for recuperation 
in 1860. Then came sad years of war. Residing 
on his plantation in Lee County, he preached 
gratuitously to country churches until peace spread 
her balmy wings over the land once more. Al- 
though he has been a pastor twice since the war, 
his health has not been equal to the demands of 
the position, and he has devoted most of his time 
for the last ten years to agency work in the State 
of Georgia in behalf of foreign missions, for the 
Southern Baptist Convention. In this he has been 
faithful and ef&cient. Mr. Irwin is a man of fine 
and varied talents, he is modest as to his own 
merits, but a fluent speaker. By nature he is 
strictly honest, afi'ectionate, and very devoted to 
his family, two children having blessed this union. 
In disposition, he is pleasant and genial ; in man- 
ners, courteous and obliging. His piety is un- 
doubted, and he has been a successful pastor and 
preacher, and a good business man. For several 
yeai's he was clerk of the State Convention ; has, 
for a long time, been a member of the board of 
trustees for the Mercer University. Few men are 
more generally beloved among the Georgia Baptists 
for their usefulness in the past, their excellence of 
character and qualities of sterling worth. 

Irwin, Isaiah Tucker, a pious and wealthy 
deacon of the Sardis church, in Wilkes Co., Ga., 
who was born in Amherst, Va., Aug. 15, 1783, and 
died in April, 1856. His pai-ents moved to Georgia 
when he was quite young, and, settling in Wilkes 
County, engaged in farming, which occupation he 
himself pursued, gradually accumulating a large 
landed property. At nineteen he married Miss 



Isabella Bankston, a woman in whom all the 
virtues of mind, heart, and person were blended, 
and who reached the age of ninety-one. Mr. Irwin 
was a very popular and useful man. He repre- 
sented his county in the Legislature for many 
years, and served in the Creek war, rising to the 
rank of major. In 1827 the prayers of his pious 
wife were answered, and he was converted and 
united with the church of which he was afterwards 
an active, liberal, and useful member. He was 
ordained a deacon soon after uniting with the Sar- 
dis church, and filled the office well. His house 
was the seat of a princely hospitality ; nor did he 
ever permit a minister who was his guest to leave 
without bestowing on him a pecuniary gift. To 
his children he gave the very best educational fa- 
cilities that the country afforded, and he lived to 
see them all happily married and followers of 
Jesus. A daughter became the wife of the distin- 
guished Baptist minister. Rev. J. L. Brookes ; his 
second son was Speaker of the Georgia House of 
Representatives ; and his eldest son, Rev. C. M. 
Irwin, a useful Baptist minister, is still living. 
To his servants Mr. Irwin was remarkably kind 
and considerate, providing liberally for their re- 
ligious instruction. In return they almost idolized 
him. Affectionate and warm-hearted by nature, he 
was the tender husband, the kind and loving father, 
the sympathizing and generous neighbor, and faith- 
ful Christian. With full barns, he never forgot the 
poor, whether in the church or out of it, and at his 
mills the widows' sacks were always filled, and their 
wants were supplied in many other ways. When 
he died gloom pervaded the community, and at his 
funeral the poor exclaimed, " We have lost our best 
friend." In person he was tall and commanding, 
being in that, as in every other respect, one of 
nature's noblemen. 

Ives, Dwight, L.D., son of Abraham and 
Eunice (Day) Ives, was born in West Springfield 
(now part of Holyoke), Mass., Sept. 20, 1805 ; 
pursued academical studies in New Ipswich, N. H., 
under Robert A. Coffin ; graduated at Brown Uni- 
versity in class of 1835, at the age of thirty ; preached 
for the First Baptist church in Springfield, Mass.. 
where he was ordained ; settled with the Baptist 
church in Alton, 111., where he won a high repu- 
tation, but was compelled from ill health to return 
to the East ; settled with the Second Baptist church 
in Suffield, Conn., by the side of the Connecticut 
Literary Institution ; guided in the erection of a 
beautiful church edifice, and drew a large congre- 
gation and built up a strong church ; labored in 
this important field from 1839 to 1874 with most 
remarkable success, baptizing more than 1200 per- 
sons, and greatly aiding the Connecticut Literary 
Institution and benefiting the whole State ; was a 
leading man in all ministerial circles and all edu- 



IVES 



587 



cational and missionary affairs ; received the hon- 
orary degree of Doctor of Divinity from Brown 
University in 1857 ; left two sons, the elder of 
which, "William C, graduated at Brown University 




DWIGHT IVES, D.D. 

in 1865 ; resigning in Suffield in 1874, from age 
and ill health, he removed to Conway, Mass., and 
preached as he was able to the church in that place ; 
died in Conway, Dec. 22, 1875, aged seventy years ; 
one of New England's noblest men and most effect- 
ive preachers. 

Ives, Rev. Jeremiah, was pastor of a General 
Baptist church in London, England, for more than 
thirty years. He had a peculiar talent for discus- 
sion, which enabled him to use with much readiness 
his great intellect and his stores of learning. He 
had controversies with the Quakers and the Pres- 
byterians, in which he obtained considerable repu- 
tation. Crosby says that his fame reached Charles 
II., who sent for him to dispute with a Romish 
priest. Mr. Ives entered upon the discussion in the 
habit of an Episcopal clergyman, and pressed the 
priest very closely. He showed that the "pre- 
tended antiquity of their doctrines and practices 
fell short of the days of the apostles ; for they 
were not to be found in any writings which remain 
of the apostolic age." The priest, after much 
wrangling, in the end replied " that this argument 
was of as much force against infant baptism as 
against the doctrines and ceremonies of the Church 
of Rome." To which Mr. Ives replied that he 
readily granted what he said to be true. The 
priest upon this broke up the controversy, saying 



" he had been cheated, and that he would proceed 
no farther, for he came to dispute with a clergyman 
j of the Established Church, and it was now evident 
that this was an Anabaptist preacher." There is 
no community of Christians who are entirely in- 
vulnerable to the assaults of Rome except the Bap- 
tist denomination, a church ages older than the 
apostasy of the popes. 

Ives, Moses Brown, was bom in Providence, 
R. I., July 21, 1794, and was the son of Thomas 
Poynton and Hope Brown Ives. His father was 
the senior partner of the old and everywhere re- 
spected firm of Brown &, Ives, and his mother 
the sister of the Hon. Nicholas Brown, the gen- 
erous patron of the university which bears his 
name. 

It was the intention of his father in due time to 
introduce him into the firm of which he was a 
member. Believing, however, that mental disci- 
pline and culture are not inconsistent with the call- 
ing of the merchant, he decided to give him a full 
collegiate education. He graduated at Brown Uni- 
versity in 1812, and wishing to pursue his studies 
still farther, he entered the law-school at Litchfield, 
Conn., which then ranked among the best profes- 
sional schools of its character in the country. On 
completing his course of study here he was still 
comparatively a youth, and it was deemed wise 
that he should reap the benefits of foreign travel, 
especially in so far as they had a bearing on his 
future calling in life. "While abroad," says Dr. 
Wayland, " his object seems to have been, not so 
much to see sights and walk through galleries, as 
to observe men and acquaint himself with the 
habits and manners of merchants of distinction. 
I have heai-d him frequently refer to this period of 
his life, but I think never for any other purpose 
than to illustrate the modes of doing business in 
the several capitals which he had occasion to 
visit." 

Having passed through the preparatory training, 
he entered the counting-room of Brown & Ives, 
and at once applied himself to the work to which 
he proposed to devote his life, and he became, in the 
best sense of the word, "a model merchant." His 
opinion on all matters connected with his profes- 
sion was received with the highest respect. He 
believed that there were great principles which 
were as certain and undeviating in business as the 
laws of nature, and he rigidly adhered to them. 
But it is not as a successful merchant that we wish 
to call attention to Mr. Ives, but to the deep inter- 
est he took both in popular and liberal education. 
The city of Providence owes to him a debt of grat- 
itude for what he did in elevating the standard of 
common-school education which it can never pay. 
His relations to Brown University were of the most 
intimate character. He was elected a member of 



IVET 



588 



IVIMEY 



its board of trustees in 1822, and in 1825 he was 
chosen its treasurer, and without compensation, 
and as a labor of love to his alma mater, dis- 
charged its onerous and sometimes complicated 
duties for the long period of thirty-two years. 
" During the twenty-nine years of my connection 
with the university,'" says Dr. Wayland, " I do not 
remember an examination at some of the exercises 
of which he was not present unless detained by 
sickness, and in which he did not take a lively in- 
terest. His interest never flagged when anything 
could be suggested to improve the condition of the 
institution which he loved so well. If in any re- 
spect Brown University has gained in favor with 
the public ; if it has taken a more honorable rank 
among the colleges of New England ; if its means 
of education have been rendered, in any respect, 
ample, and its board of instruction such as vrould 
adorn any similar institution in our country ; to no 
one are we more indebted for all this than to the 
late treasurer of the university." 

Mr. Ives, although like his uncle, the Hon. Nich- 
olas Brown, not a member of the church, was an 
habitual worshiper in the venerable meeting-house 
of the First Baptist church. He was not wont to 
give expression to his religious views, but as the 
shadows of time passed away, and the solemn real- 
ities of eternity rose to his view, he did not hesi- 
tate to make known the ground of his hopes. " I 
am now on my death-bed," said he, in a note 
dictated to a friend, " but my mind is perfectly 
clear. I am firm and unwavering in my belief in 
Jesus Christ and him crucified." To another he 
sent this message, "Give him this short message 
from me, — ' Look unto Jesus.' " Such testimony to 
his firm and unshaken trust in his Redeemer, 
coming from the lips of such a man, meant all it 



Ivey, Rev. F. H., was born in Fayetteville, 
N. C, in 1834 ; bred in the Observer office under 
the training of E. J. Hale, baptized by Dr. James 
McDaniel, and graduated at Wake Forest College, 
it is not strange that Mr. Ivey is a capital writer 
and an excellent preacher. He was for eleven 
years pastor of the Baptist church of Athens, Ga. ; 
returned to North Carolina in 1873 ; did good work 
as agent for Wake Forest College for more than a 
year, and has been for the last four years pastor in 
Goldsborough. 

Ivimey, Rev. Joseph, was born at Ringwood, 

Hampshire, England, May 22, 1773. When a 
youth he was convicted of sin, and a gospel hope 
first entered his heart through the stanza, — 



" In the world of endless ruin 
It shall never once be said, 
There's a soul that perished suing 
For the Saviour's promised aid." 

This hope was soon after confirmed, so that he 
could regard the Saviour as his. He was baptized 
Sept. 16, 1790. He was ordained pastor of the 
Eagle Street church. Red Lion Square, London, 
Jan. 16, 1805. His labors were attended with great 
success. He was gifted with much energy, with 




REV. JOSEPH IVIMEV. 

an unusual power of gaining and keeping informa- 
tion, and with fearless faithfulness in proclaiming 
the whole truth of God. He had the happiness of 
baptizing his own father and mother. His father 
was seventy years of age at the time of his im- 
mersion, and only partook of the Lord's Supper 
once after he was received into the church. 

Mr. Ivimey wrote a life of John Bunyan, which 
enjoyed considerable popularity, and "A History 
of the English Baptists," in four octavo volumes, 
the last two of which were published in 1830. This 
history is invaluable. It is only seldom for sale, 
and when it can be purchased it is held at a high 
price. He was also the author of other works. 

Mr. Ivimey closed his useful life Feb. 8, 1834 
A little before his departure he said, — 

"Not a wave of trouble rolls 
Across my peaceful breast." 



JACKSON 



JACKSON 



J. 



Jackson, Gov. Charles, son of Hon. Richard 
Jackson, and brother of Rev. Dr. Henry Jackson, 
was born in Providence, R. I., March 3, 1797, and 
was a graduate of Brown University in the class of 
1817. He pursued his law studies in the office of 
Hon. James Burrill, of Providence, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1820. After practising his pro- 
fession for three years, he retired from it, and de- 
voted himself to the manufacture of cotton, and re- 
sided for several years in a village which took its 
name from him, — Jacksonville. He returned to 
Providence in 1839, and devoted himself during the 
remainder of his life to the manufacturing interests 
of the State and "of the country at large. For sev- 
eral years he was a member of the General Assem- 
bly of Rhode Island, and Speaker of the House in 
1841-42. He was chosen governor of the State in 
1845, and held the office one year. His death oc- 
curred at Providence, Jan. 21, 1876. Although not 
a professor of religion, he had a pew in the First 
Baptist meeting-house in Providence, and regarded 
that place as his religious home. 

Jackson, Henry, D.D., was born in Providence, 
R. I., .June 16, 1798. By family connection he was 
related to some of the first people in the city of his 
birth and in Rhode Island. Having completed his 
preparatory studies in the university grammar 
.school, he entered Brown University in 1813. 
During his second year in college he was bap- 
tized, and became a member of the First Baptist 
church in Providence, then under the pastoral 
charge of Rev. Dr. Gano. At once he took a de- 
cided stand as a Christian worker, and, obeying 
what he recognized as the call of God, he resolved 
to devote himself to the work of the Christian min- 
istry. To fit himself for it he repaired to the An- 
dover Tlieological Institution, and pursued the full 
course of study there. The First Baptist church 
in Providence, with which he was connected, gave 
him a license to preach the gospel in 1820. He was 
ordained as pastor of the Baptist church in Charles- 
town, Mass., Nov. 27, 1822. For fourteen years he 
labored with great zeal, and was rewarded by see- 
ing the growth of his church, both in numbers and 
spiritual efficiency. It was largely owing to his 
influence and practical aid that the Charlestown 
Female Seminary was founded, an institution 
which did an incalculable amount of good in the 
intellectual training of young ladies, and fitting 
very many of them for positions of great useful- 



ness in after-life. His ministry in Charlestown 
closed Oct. 19, 1836. 

Dr. Jackson had received an invitation to take 
charge of the First Baptist church in Hartford, 




HENRV JACKSON, D.D. 

Conn., before his resignation of his pastorate in 
Charlestown. After a few weeks of cessation 
from his ministerial work, he was installed at 
Hartford. Serious illness interrupted his labors 
after he had been in his new field a little more 
than a year. After a season of rest, he was anx- 
ious once more to be engaged in the work of 
the ministry, and accepted a call to the First Bap- 
tist church in New Bedford, where he was in- 
stalled Jan. 1, 1839. Seven years were spent in 
New Bedford. Once more he found himself over- 
worked, and compelled, in comparative retirement, 
to recruit his wasted energies. He resumed his 
work in January, 1847, and was settled as the pas- 
tor of the Central Baptist church in Newport, R. I. 
The church had recently been formed, and he was 
its first pastor. This was his longest pastorate, 
extending from January, 1847, to the close of life, 
a period of a little more than twenty-three years. 
When the end of his long ministerial career came, 



JACKSON 



JACKSON 



he had been in the vocation which, in his young 
days, he had accepted with such a hearty conse- 
cration of himself to his Lord, nearly forty-one 
years. During this time he had welcomed into the 
different churches of which he had been pastor 
nearly 1400 persons, having administered the or- 
dinance of baptism to 870 of this number. 

Dr. Jackson was greatly interested in all forms 
of educational institutions. In 1828 he was elected 
a member of the corporation of Brown University. 
He was one of the founders of the Newton Theo- 
logical Institution, and a trustee from 1825 through 
the i-emainder of his life. By his will he left gen- 
erous bequests to both these seminaries of learn- 
ing. He published a history of the Baptist churches 
in Rhode Island, and by his industry and diligent 
search gathered up materials which, but for his 
labors, might have been irrecoverably lost. 

The death of Dr. Jackson was almost a transla- 
tion. He was on his way to East Greenwich, R. I., 
going there on some errand of Christian love. 
While engaged in pleasant conversation with a 
friend who sat by his side, without a moment's 
warning, life was extinct, and he was transferred 
from the scene of his labors to that of his reward. 
It was without doubt a stroke of apoplexy. The 
event occurred March 2, 1863, at the age of sixty- 
four years and eight months and four days. He 
had filled so prominent a place in the denomina- 
tion in which for so long a time he had exercised 
his ministry, that his sudden departure was a great 
shock to his friends. It is difficult to realize the 
sum total of the good which sprang from all those 
years of service for the Master. That he owned 
and blessed the service was the servant's exceeding 
great reward. 

Jackson, Col. Moses, a member of the Missis- 
sippi senate from Wilkinson and Amite Counties, 
was born in Amite Co., Miss., in 1822; became a 
Baptist in 1852, and has since lived a consistent 
Christian life in the midst of public duties ; twenty- 
two years a trustee, and twenty-four years a deacon, 
and twenty-five years clerk of his church. When the 
General Association of South Mississippi and East- 
ern Louisiana was formed, in 1866, he was elected 
moderator. He entered the Confederate army as a 
private, and was promoted through several grades 
to that of lieutenant-colonel of the 33d Miss. Regi- 
ment. Besides several minor offices which he has 
held, in 1861 he was elected to the State Legisla- 
ture, and re-elected in 1863. In 1865 he was 
elected to the State senate, and re-elected in 1877. 

Jackson, Hon. Richard, was born in Provi- 
dence, R. I., July 3, 1764. His early boyhood 
brought him within the period of the Revolutionary 
vrar. When there were grave fears that Providence 
would be attacked by the British, the father of 
young Jackson removed his family to Pomfret, 



Conn., where they remained for some time away 
from the dangers and excitements of the war. Mr. 
Jackson early showed a taste for business pursuits, 
and embarked in mercantile and manufacturing 
enterprises, in the prosecution of which he was 
eminently successful. He also developed a taste 
for political life, and was honored several times 
with the votes of his fellow-citizens to fill places of 
important civil trusts. In 1815 he was elected a 
member of the Tenth Congress of the United 
States, and so acceptable were his services to a 
majority of the people of his native State that he 
was i-e-elected to the Eleventh, Twelfth, and Thir- 
teenth Congresses. The whole period of his ser- 
vice as one of the representatives from Rhode 
Island was nearly seven yeai-s, covering the period 
between November 11, 1808, and March 4, 1815. 
In all matters affecting the welfare of his native 
town he took a great interest. Of one of the 
leading insurance companies of Providence — the 
Washington — he was the president for thirty-eight 
years. He took also an abiding interest in the af- 
fairs of the First Baptist church, in whose meeting- 
house he worshiped for so many years. Brown 
University chose him as a member of its corporation 
in 1809, and he held this office until his death, 
which took place at Providence, April 18, 1838. 
Mr. Jackson was the father of Rev. Henry Jackson, 
D.D., and of Hon. Charles Jackson, who was gov- 
ernor of Rhode Island during the gubernatorial 
year 1845-46. 

Jackson, Rev. R. S., a gifted young minister, a 
native of Louisiana, was born near the mouth of 
Red River, Sept. 12, 1844; was educated at Mount 
Lebanon University and the State Seminary at 
Alexandria. He left school to enlist in the Confed- 
erate army, and rose to the rank of captain. After 
the war he engaged in teaching; began to preach 
in 1869 to the Creoles in their vernacular ; was 
subsequently tutor in Mississippi College ; secretary 
of the Ministerial Educational Board of the Lou- 
isiana Convention, and missionary of Bayou Macon 
Association, La. After a successful pastorate at 
Bastrop, La., he entered the Southern Baptist Theo- 
logical Seminary. As a contributor to the religious 
press he attained distinction. He died at the sem- 
inary from an old army wound in 1874. 

Jackson, Thomas, a prominent Baptist layman 
in Eastern Louisiana, was one of " Marion's men" 
during the Revolution, and accompanied the old 
" Swamp Fox" throughout the war. It was he who 
prepared the dinner of roasted sweet potatoes for 
the British officers who visited Marion's camp under 
a flag of truce, and who reported that it was im- 
possible to conquer men who fought for liberty and 
lived upon roots. He came to East Feliciana Par- 
ish, La., in 1806, and either united in the organiza- 
tion of the Hepzibah church in 1813, or became a 



JACKSON 



JACOBS 



member soon after. He died in 1844. Several of 
his descendants have been prominent Baptists in 
the State. 

Jackson, Wade M., a pioneer among the Bap- 
tists of Missouri, was born in Fleming Co., Ky., 
Dec. 3, 1797, and died in Howard Co., Mo., March 
22, 1879. He removed to Missouri in 1824, and set- 
tled on the farm where he died. He was the father 
of Mrs. Judge James Harris, of Boone Co., Mo., 
and brother of Claiborne F. Jackson, late governor 
of Missouri. As an honored citizen of Central 
Missouri he stood in the front rank. He became a 
Baptist forty-one years before his death, and con- 
secrated his life to Christ, and served his denomi- 
nation faithfully. He was a member of the Exec- 
utive Missionary Board of the General Association 
for years, and a trustee of William Jewell College. 
He rendered valuable aid in drawing up the charter 
of that institution, and helped to organize it. Many 
old friends followed him to his resting-place in the 
family burying-grbund near his home. 

Jackson, Rev. Wingate, was born in 1776 in 
Virginia, and removed in early life to Kentucky, 
where he reached eminence as a preacher. He 
came to Missouri about 1809, and labored in and 
around Cape Girardeau and Jackson. He belonged 
to Bethel Association, and great success attended 
his ministry. He was clear in doctrine, eloquent 
in speech, wise in counsel, and untiring in labor. 
He died in 1835. His opinions for years after his 
death were quoted to settle controversies. 

Jacobs, B. F., Esq. — This name is one well 
known among active and enterprising Christian 
workers throughout the land. Mr. Jacobs was 
born at Paterson, N. J., in September, 1834. He 
was baptized in Chicago in 1854, by Rev. J. C. 
Burroughs, then pastor of the First Baptist church, 
uniting with that church, of which he has remained 
a member until now. Previous to his removal to 
Chicago he had lived for some years in Detroit, 
where he was a member of the Bible-class of Mr. 
S. N. Kendrick. His conversion occurred while 
there. Immediately upon uniting with the church 
in Chicago he began active Christian work, at first 
as a teacher in the Taylor Street Mission School, 
the first of such schools established in Chicago, 
being engaged also in a similar way in the home 
school. In 1856 the first of the mission schools of 
our own denomination in Chicago was opened in 
what was then called New Street, now Seventeenth, 
and named the New Street Mission ; subsequently, 
in recognition of the generous aid given it by Miss 
Shields, of Philadelphia, called the Shields Mission. 
Of this mission Mr. Jacobs remained the superin- 
tendent for eight years, and under his guidance 
it grew to be one of the most efScient agencies of 
the kind in the city. In 1865, when Deacon S. 
Hoard, by reason of his connection with the Sec- 



ond church, upon the west side of the river, left 
the superintendency of the school at the First 
church, Mr. Jacobs was elected superintendent in 
his place. The church was at that time building a 
new house of worship on Wabash Avenue, and was 
meeting meantime in Bryan Hall. On the first 
Sunday in January, 1866, it removed to the lecture- 
room of the new house, a room made for the ac- 
commodation of 800. The school numbered only 
90, and seemed at first almost lost in the new 
quarters, but began at once to grow, and so con- 
tinued until it had reached nearly 1200. During 
this time Mr. Jacobs remained the superintendent, 
and continued such until the house on Wabash 
Avenue had been destroyed by fire, in 1874. Upon 
the erection of a new house in the south part of 
the city, Mr. Jacobs, with others, organized a school 
and evening congregation upon Wabash Avenue 
near the site of the house that was burned. This, 
under the name of the Tabernacle, has been con- 
tinued until the present time. The school at pres- 
ent numbers 400. There are 126 members of the 
organization holding their formal membership with 
the First church, but having otherwise a distinct 
identity. The weekly evening prayer-meeting 
numbers from 75 to 100, fully three-fifths of whom 
are men. Of those who have connected themselves 
with the organization most have come in by bap- 
tism, many of them rescued from the lowest depths 
of dissipation. At the evening service, which is 
always well attended, Mr. Jacobs preaches. 

The large place which Mr. Jacobs has filled in 
general church work would deserve detailed record 
if space would allow. He was one of the founders, 
and has always been one of the most active mem- 
bers of the Young Men's Christian Association of 
Chicago, an organization which grew out of the 
revival of 1857-58. In 1861, Mr. Jacobs, Mr. 
Moody, and Mr. Tuthill King inaugurated the re- 
ligious work at Camp Douglas, in Chicago, which 
was continued during the war with the happiest 
results. As one of the first who visited on a like 
errand the troops in service in the South, he may 
be said to have had a share in creating the Christian 
Commission, with which he remained connected to 
the end of the struggle, serving as its secretary 
for the West, and raising for its uses the sum of 
more than $100,000. In the general Sunday-school 
work. State and national, he has labored during 
many years ; was the originator of the Interna- 
tional Sunday-School Committee, and remains a 
member of that committee to this day. This is 
but the meagre outline of a career of remarkable 
Christian activity, carried on amidst the exacting 
demands of an engrossing business, and which, we 
rejoice to say, has still the promise of many years' 
continuance. 

Jacobs, Capt. William S., commanded at sea 



JAMES 



JAMES 



for many years, and on retiring, resided at Liver- 
pool, Nova Scotia. He became a member of the 
Baptist church in that town ; vras liberal in sup- 
port of all denominational objects, and at his death, 
in 1863, left handsome bequests to Acadia College, 
, to home missions, and infirm ministers. 

James, Prof. Charles Sexton, Ph.D., was born 
in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 6, 1820. He was prepared 
for college at the Haddington Institution, under 
the care of Rev. J. L. Dagg, D.D. He entered 
Brown University at sixteen, and was a member 
of the famous class of 1840, in which he was asso- 
ciated with James R. Boise, Wm. T. Brantly, Eben- 
ezer Dodge, ex-Gov. Gaston, of Massachusetts, J. R. 
Kendrick, Heman Lincoln, and Henry G. Weston. 
His coui'se was, however, interrupted by a three 
years' absence, and his graduation deferred until 
1843. He distinguished himself as a student, and 
particularly in Greek. He was chosen to member- 
ship in the Phi Beta Kappa Society in his Junior 
year. He was converted during a revival at Brown 
University in 1835, and was baptized into the fel- 
lowship of the Tenth Baptist church, Philadelphia, 
by Rev. J. H. Kennard, D.D. After his gradua- 
tion he became an instructor with his uncle, T. D. 
James, in the academy at Eleventh and Market 
Streets, Philadelphia, until 1851, when he was 
called to the Professorship of Mathematics and 
Natural Philosophy in the university at Lewis- 
burg, Pa. As a scholar. Prof. James was exact 
and thorough. As a teacher, for more than a third 
of a century, he was enthusiastic and eminently 
successful. The dry problems of pure mathe- 
matics were poetry to hira, and in his hands were 
clothed with unknown charms to his classes. Many 
of Lewisburg's best and most useful graduates refer 
to his class-room as the place of their first and 
lasting inspiration to exact reasoning and earnest 
scholarship. 

As a student of the Bible and a member of 
the church, Prof. James was reverent and diligent. 
He was always an active worker in the Sunday- 
school. His knowledge of the New Testament 
was founded upon a thorough study of the original 
Greek. For years he has conducted a Sunday 
morning Bible-class of college students in his 
parlor, the New Testament being studied in Greek. 

In 1859, the degi-ee of Ph.D. was conferred upon 
him by Columbian College. Prof. James was 
singularly modest. In his class-room, and within 
the circle of his appointed labors, he was devotedly 
loved by those who knew him best, as a man of 
self-sacrificing generosity and earnest devotion to 
the cause of Christian education. 

James, Rev. John, was pastor of the Baptist 
church meeting in Bulstake Alley, Whitechapel, 
London. In the latter end of 1661, Mr. James 
was rudely interrupted twice by officers of the law 



while preaching to his own people, and commanded 
to come down. Then he was dragged out of the 
pulpit. A perjured wretch named Tipler, a jour- 
neyman pipe-maker, charged him with uttering 
treasonable words against the king ; and so dis- 
reputable a person was Tipler that the justice re- 
fused to commit Mr. James on his testimony, unless 
it was corroborated ; but this was done, and the 
good pastor was sent to the Tower. 

On the 14th of November he was brought before 
Chief-Justice Forster, and three other judges, at 
Westminster Hall, where he was charged with 
" endeavoring to levy war against the king; with 
seeking a change in the government ; with saying 
that the king was a bloody tyrant, a blood-sucker, 
and a bloodthirsty man, and that his nobles were 
the same ; and that the king and his nobles had 
shed the blood of the saints at Charing Cross, and 
in Scotland." To this indictment he pled " not 
guilty, neither in matter nor form." And there 
was not a tittle of evidence to substantiate one of 
the charges in any just court on earth. Mr. James 
was remanded to Newgate for four days, when the 
trial was to proceed. In the mean time he received 
a letter from a friend of distinction, who informed 
him that for many years there had not been such 
efforts to pack a jury, and that his only hope of 
safety lay in challenging them, or " most of the 
chief men of them." When Mr. James was brought 
before the court, the chief justice exclaimed, " Oh, 
oh, are you come?" " and this was a specimen of 
the way in which his trial was conducted." He 
was condemned according to the plot of those who 
planned his murder ; and the next day, after the 
court had sentenced him, his wife presented a 
petition to King Charles II. proving his innocence, 
and appealing for mercy ; but the only reply 
of his majesty was, " Oh ! Mr. James, he is a sweet 
gentleman," " and the door was shut against her." 
The next morning she made another appeal to him ; 
and his cruel response was, " He is a rogue, and 
shall be hanged." 

When he was asked if he had anything to say 
why sentence of death should not be pronounced 
upon him, his answer was: " As for me, behold, I 
am in your hand : do with me as it seemeth good 
and meet unto you. But know ye for certain that 
if ye put me to death, ye shall surely bring inno- 
cent blood upon yourselves, and upon this city, and 
upon the inhabitants thereof Precious in the 
sight of the Lord is the death of his saints. He 
that toucheth you toucheth the apple of mine eye." 
And when Mr. James heard his sentence, he imme- 
diately added, " Blessed be God, whom man hath 
condemned God hath justified." 

At Tyburn, where he was hung, drawn and quar- 
tered, his remarks were gentle and loving, and his 
soul brave and full of hope. " His quarters were 



JAMES 



JAMES 



taken back to Newgate prison on the sledge which 
brought him to the gallows, and they were after- 
wards placed on the city gates, and his head was 
set upon a pole opposite his meeting-house." 

John James was an inoffensive and benevolent 
man, free from any blemish in his character, and 
guiltless of every charge in the indictment. He 
was savagely murdered by Charles II., his courtiers, 
and his tools, the judges, to terrify the Dissenters, 
and especially the Baptists, into loyalty. Un- 
doubtedly the vengeance of God, invoked by the 
innocent blood of John James, had something to 
do with driving the Stuarts from the throne of 
England. Mr. James was a Seventh-Day Baptist. 

James, Rev. John Angell (colored), was born 
Nov. 5, 1826, in De Kalb Co., Ga. He was raised 
on a farm, but became a mechanic. He professed 
religion, and was baptized by Rev. S. Landrum in 
1849, and joined the Cotton Avenue Baptist church 
in Macon, Ga., Feb. 10, 1850. He was licensed in 
1856 by the Cotton Avenue church. In September, 

1865, the Second Street (colored) church was formed 
by members who took letters from the Cotton Ave- 
nue church. They called Mr. James to ordina- 
tion, and he was set apart to the gospel ministry 
by a Presbytery consisting of Rev. E. W. AVarren 
(white), Rev. F. M. Haygood (white), and Rev. 
Frank Quarles (colored), on the 14th of October, 

1866. He assumed the pastorate of the Second 
Street church in October, 4867, and served nine 
years with much success, and baptized over 300 
persons. He then went to Houston County, where 
he organized the Springfield (colored) church, which 
he served sixteen months. Returning to Macon, 
he organized the Fulton church, which he served 
two years as pastor. He then went to Forsyth, 
Ga., and organized the St. James (colored) Baptist 
church in 1867, where he still labors industi-iously 
and usefully. He has baptized into the fellowship 
of that church 374 persons. The total number bap- 
tized by him" during his ministry to the present 
time, 1880, is 738. Mr. James is one of the most 
intelligent, useful, and laborious ministers among 
the colored Baptists of Georgia, and one who 
stands high in the denomination. For years he 
was clerk of the Middle Georgia Association (col- 
ored), a large and working body. For eight years 
he has been assistant secretary of the Colored State 
Baptist Convention, and is a vice-president of that 
body and secretary of its executive board. He is 
liberal, earnest, and devout, and he is a faithful 
pastor, enjoying the confidence of all, and a man 
of marked ability as a preacher and writer among 
his race. 

James, J. H., a banker of Atlanta, Ga., was born 
in Henry County, July 14, 1830. His father re- 
moved to Georgia from North Carolina, of which 
State he was a native. Until manhood Mr. James 



resided on his father's farm. There was, however, 
in him a genius for business that could not brook 
such a life, so, at twenty, he went to Atlanta and 
accepted a situation at $10 per month, which, before 




a great while, was increased to $100 per month. 
In I860 he opened a banking-house in Atlanta, and 
when the war began was wealthy ; but the end of 
the war found him worth about $12,000 only. He 
opened his bank again, and prosecuted his business 
with such success that he is now one of the wealth- 
iest men in Georgia. His business capacity and in- 
tegrity are such that he enjoys the confidence of all 
who know him, and has now established for him- 
self the reputation of a financier of the first order. 
In manner Mr. James is pleasant and friendly ; 
free from affectation, and full of geniality. As a 
citizen, he is charitable and public-spirited ; as a 
Christian, generous and sincere, taking part in all 
denominational affairs, and in the family circle he 
is kind, affectionate, and considerate. He has oc- 
cupied the position of mayor of Atlanta, is a trustee 
of Mercer University, and a trustee and superintend- 
ent of the Baptist Orphans' Home of Georgia, lo- 
cated at Atlanta. 

In 1876 his name was suggested in connection 
with the gubernatorial election, and many, de- 
siring to secure for the State the benefit of his 
financial ability, entreated him to allow his name 
to be placed before the nominating convention, but 
this he declined. 

Mr. James is a man of great liberality. At his 
individual expense he erected two Baptist houses 



JAMES 



594 



JAMESON 



of worship in Atlanta, at a cost of $2500 each ; 
and to the completion of another he contributed 
the sum of $3500, besides generously aiding in the 
support of ministers for these churches. Thou- 
sands of his minor charities have relieved the ne- 
cessities of the poor, and if the worth of men should 
be measured by their gifts to the needy, that of 
jNIr. James would appear pre-eminent. His dona- 
tions to churches since the war sum up more than 
$15,000, an amount considerably in excess of the 
entire capital with which he resumed business. 

He is one of those noble men who win their way 
in life by capacity, integrity, and sound judgment, 
and who rise, not on the ruin of others, but through 
the legitimate exercise of their own abilities and 
good sense in the ordinary business aflFairs of life. 

During the panic of 1873, when many of the 
wealthiest bankers were compelled to suspend, 
some going into bankruptcy, a heavy pressure was 
brought to bear upon the establishment of Mr. 
James, by the unexpected demands of depositors. 
At this juncture he closed his bank until he could 
collect assets, when a number of the wealthy men 
of Atlanta, voluntarily and through the press, pro- 
posed to assume, in his behalf, liabilities varying 
from five to fifty thousand dollars each. Such a 
manifestation of faith is seldom met in the history 
of bankers or banking institutions, and this was 
an expression of confidence unmistakably sincere, 
since it was based upon the advance of large sums 
of actual capital for immediate use. 

Mr. James frequently attends the denominational 
gatherings of his brethren, and his speeches are al- 
ways plain, practical, and full of good sense. 

James, Rev. J. J., was born in Halifax Co., Va., 
Nov. 30, 1814 ; was for three sessions a student at 
Wake Forest Institute, and, after teaching for two 
years in Virginia, graduated at Columbian Univer- 
sity, Washington, D. C, in 1841. Mr. James was 
baptized at the age of eighteen by the Rev. John 
Gr. Mills, and was ordained in 1842, Rev. J. G. 
Mills and Rev. A. M. Poindexter constituting the 
Presbytery. After laboring for many years with 
much success as pastor in Caswell Co., N. C, aid- 
ing in the organization of Oxford Female College, 
and being a useful member of the various boards 
of the Convention, he became editor of the Biblical 
Recorder in 1854, which position he held till 1861. 
He now resides on his farm in Caswell County, 
and preaches only occasionally. 

James, Rev. Owen, was born Oct. 30, 1848, in 
the County of Carmarthen, Wales. Until his six- 
teenth year his time was spent partly at school 
and partly in agricultural pursuits. He was con- 
verted in the summer of 1864, was baptized, and 
became an active and useful church member. His 
marked ability at so early an age prompted the 
church to advise him to prepare for the ministry, 



to which his own inclinations strongly urged him ; 
but circumstances for the time made it impractica- 
ble. Soon after this he united with another Bap- 
tist church, and here, again, after a most useful 
membership of nearly four years, the church urged 
him to devote himself to preparation for the min- 
istry. Through the advice of Dr. Thomas Price, 
of Aberdare, Mr. James made his arrangements to 
come to the United States. He entered the pre- 
paratory department of Lewisburg University in 
September, 1870, and the college in 1872, from 
which he was graduated in 1876 with the highest 
honors of his class. In the fall of the same year 
he entered Ci-ozer Theological Seminary, and was 
graduated from it in 1879. He was immediately 
called to the pastorate of the North Baptist church, 
Washington, D. C, which he accepted, where he 
was ordained, and where he .still labors. Mi\ 
James is an interesting and instructive preacher ; 
is gifted with unusual logical and analytical power, 
and presents his themes in so fresh and original 
a manner that the most thoughtful minds listen to 
his expositions of Scriptural truth with both pleas- 
ure and profit. His congregation, though not very 
large, contains some of the most cultured of the 
denomination among its members. 

James, Rev. Richard S., M.D., president of 

Judson University (Judsonia, Ark.), was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., in 1824 ; educated at Brown Uni- 
versity and Columbian College, Washington, D. C. ; 
ordained in 1859 ; pastor nine years at Camden 
and Marlton, N. J. ; was pastor at West Newton, 
Mass., and Market Street church, Zanesville, 0. ; 
and professor in Hillsdale College, Mich. ; was 
pastor at Medina, Mich., where he was also prin- 
cipal of Oak-Grove Academy. At the beginning 
of the present year (1880) he was called to Jud- 
sonia, Ark., and soon after his arrival was elected 
president of the Judson University, located at Jud- 
sonia. Dr. James is an enthusiastic teacher, an 
eloquent preacher, and a sprightly writer. 

Jameson, Ephraim H. E., D.D., was born at 
St. George, Me., May 19, 1835. His father. Rev. 
Thomas Jameson, was for many years a Baptist 
pastor in Maine, but removed to Illinois, where he 
died in 1870, at the age of eighty years. Mr. 
Jameson was educated at the Lebanon and Soutli 
Berwick Academies, in Maine, and the Kingston 
Academy, N. H. He then entered upon the pro- 
fession of teaching. In 1854 he was born into the 
kingdom of Christ. With a change of heart came 
convictions of duty in another direction, and he en- 
tered the New Hampton Collegiate and Theological 
Institution, at Fairfax, Vt., to prepare for the min- 
istry. After completing his classical course, difficul- 
ties arrested his efforts, and he resolved to engage in 
secular pursuits till the way should open for him 
to preach the gospel. He went West, spent some 



JAMESON 



JAPAN 



time in teaching, and afterwards several years in 
the editorial profession in St. Louis, Mo. He bore 
an honorable part in the war as colonel of a U. S. 
regiment. He was elected to a seat in the Mis- 




EPIIUAIM II. E. JAMESON, D.D. 

souri Legislature, and being re-elected, filled the 
Speaker's chair one year. 

During all this time the voice of conscience was 
calling him to his real life-work. He endeavored 
to compromise by engaging in Sunday-school and 
mission efforts, but this only led him to follow 
Christ more fully. He was licensed to preach in 
1874, by the Park Avenue Baptist church of St. 
Louis, and on May 9, 1876, he was publicly or- 
dained to the ministry. 

Dr. Jameson was chosen pastor of the First Bap- 
tist church of Omaha, Neb., Aug. 1, 1876. He still 
continues in that office. The completion of their 
large church edifice will remain for years a monu- 
ment to his indefatigable energy. Shortly after his 
settlement in Nebraska he was chosen correspond- 
ing secretary of the Baptist State Convention, a 
position which he still holds, and in which he has 
rendered the State valuable service. In June, 
1880, he received from Central University, Iowa, 
the degree of D.D. 

Jameson, Rev. J. D., late pastor at Camden, 
Ark., was born in Georgia in 1850 ; began to preach 
in Columbia Co., Ark., in 1870 ; after a course of 
study at Mississippi College, interrupted by bad 
health, he spent one year in the Southern Baptist 
Theological Seminary ; was successful as agent of 
the Southern Baptist Publication Society ; as pastor 



at Mineral Springs and at Camden, Ark. ; at present 
he is State evangelist. 

Janes, Col. Absalom, a prominent, consistent, 
and efficient member of the Baptist denomination 
in Georgia, was born in Wilkes County, June 8, 
1796. In 1839 he took up his residence in Penfield, 
where he dwelt until his death, Sept. 25, 1847. 

He was for eleven years treasurer of the Georgia 
Baptist Convention, and managed the finances of 
the body during years of extreme monetary depres- 
sion with remarkable success. He was a trustee 
of Mercer Institute until it became Mercer Univer- 
sity, and until his death, in 1847, he continued to 
be one of its trustees. In sustaining and in firmly 
establishing these two institutions, and all the 
other benevolent Baptist enterprises of Georgia, he 
was an active and most efficient co-laborer with 
Mercer, Mallary, Stocks, Sherwood, Dawson, 
Thornton, Battle, Davis, Campbell, and Walker. 
Col. Janes had talents of a high order, with a 
strong, active, discriminating intellect. He pos- 
sessed great quickness of perception, excellence 
of judgment, and energy of character. He was 
liberal, public-spirited, and philanthropic, claiming 
and receiving nothing for his services while treas- 
urer of the Convention. In practical financial 
affairs his judgment was inferior to that of no one. 
For several years he represented Taliaferro County 
in the State senate, and in 1844 he ran against 
Hon. A. H. Stephens for Congress, and, though 
defeated, he received a larger vote than any candi- 
date who ever opposed A. H. Stephens. Col. 
Janes was distinguished for unvarying courtesy 
and kindness in all the relations of life, and he is 
justly considered one of the chief builders of the 
Baptist denomination in Georgia. 

Japan, Mission to. — At the annual meeting of 
the Missionary Union in 1872, it was resolved to 
accept Rev. N. Brown, D.D., and Rev. Mr. Goble 
as their missionaries to Japan, they having been 
in the employ of the American Baptist Free Mission 
Society. These brethren returned to the field of 
labor to which they had been designated, arriving at 
Yokohama in February, 1873, and immediately en- 
tered upon their work. Mr. Goble's connection 
with the Union continued only for a short time. 
Rev. J. H. Arthur and wife were appointed as mis- 
sionaries to Japan in 1873, and in December of the 
same year Rev. J. T. Doyen, formerly connected 
with the Episcopal Church, and a resident of Yoko- 
hama, was also appointed as a missionary of the 
Union. Dr. Brown entered, very soon after reach- 
ing the field of his labors, upon the work of trans- 
lating the Scriptures into Japanese, and in 1876 
was able to report good progress in this direction. 
From January, 1875, to April, 1876, there had been 
published 614,600 pages of various translations, in- 
cluding the gospels of Matthew and Mark, the 



JARMAN 



JEFFREY 



Epistle of James, and several distinct portions of 
the New Testament, as the parables, the sermon 
on the mount, etc., and other religious reading. A 
new missionary station was commenced in Tokio 
(Yeddo) by Mr. and Mrs. Arthur in 1876. Rev. 
F. S. Dobbins and wife were sent out by the Union 
in October, 1876, to be connected with Dr. Brown. 
Mr. Dol)bins was obliged to return to this country 
in a few months, on account of the sickness of his 
wife. Mr. Arthur, one of the most promising of 
all the missionaries that have been sent to the foi'- 
eign field, also, was compelled to retire from his 
labors, and sailed for California, hoping that a 
short respite from his work would restore his 
health. He died at Oakland, Cal., Dec. 9, 1877. 
The church which was formed by him in Tokio 
had, on the 1st of January, 1878, 23 members. 
The outlook for the mission in Japan is favorable. 
Dr. Brown says in his report to the Executive Com- 
mittee, " here are 33,000,000 of people, all speaking 
the same language, and using the same written 
characters." Having referred to the fact that pre- 
vious translations of the Bible had been made by 
those who were not favorable to Baptist views, 
he says, '' We marvel that Baptists should for a 
moment hesitate as to the duty of giving this people 
a faithful translation of the New Testament. We 
have printed, within the last three years, over 
1,000,000 pages of Scripture, including the first 
three gospels, and portions of the Old Testament." 

In Yokohama in 1880 there were 7 male and 
female missionaries, and one church with 39 mem- 
bers. In Tokio there were 5 missionaries, one man 
and four women, and one church with 37 mem. 
bers. 

Jarman, Prof. G. W., A.M., was born May 14, 
1826, in Lawrence Co., Ala. He joined the Bap- 
tist church in 1843 ; graduated at La Grange Col- 
lege, Ala., in 1847. Before graduating he had 
employed his vacation and leisure hours in studying 
medicine with a view of becoming a physician. 
November, 1847, he was elected tutor in Union 
University, Murfreesborough, Tenn., and com- 
menced teaching January, 1848. In 1850 was 
elected Professor of Latin in Union University, and 
in 1855 the professorship of Greek was added to 
that of Latin. He succeeded Rev. Dr. Jos. H. 
Eaton as president of Union University in 1860; 
i-esigned his position in Union University in 1873, 
and in 1874 was elected principal of the South- 
western Baptist University, Jackson, Tenn. In 
1875 was elected Professor of Latin and Greek in 
the same institution, and in 1876 was elected chair- 
man of the faculty, which position he now holds. 
He has had students from every quarter of the 
globe, and those who have attended his instruction 
number many thousands. With slight intermis- 
sions, has been engaged in teaching for thirty-three 



years. Prof. Jarman is still in his prime, and looks 
as though he might have another thirty years before 
him. Thorough in scholarship, skillful in disci- 
pline, dignified in bearing, he commands the re- 
spect and esteem of his students. He has left his 
impress upon great numbers who now occupy the 
higher walks of life as ministers, lawyers, physi- 
cians, teachers, and statesmen. 

The Baptist churches of Tennessee and the 
Southwest are greatly indebted to this veteran 
teacher for his very efficient labors in their behalf. 
His name will be forever associated with the edu- 
cational work of the denomination in Tennessee, 
and will grow brighter and brighter as his labors 
and sacrifices become better known in their far- 
reaching influence. 

JefFery, Rev. William, was born at Penhurst, 
England, about the year 1616. At Seven-Oaks he 
was one of the chief supporters, if he was not the 
founder, of the Baptist church. Of this church, 
then called Bradburn, he became the pastor, and 
under his zealous labors it enjoyed remarkable 
prosperity. Mr. JefFery preached in various places 
in the county of. Kent, and with some help from 
others was instrumental in founding more than 
twenty churches. He was the author of a valuable 
work called " The Whole Faith of Man," the sec- 
ond edition of which was issued in 1659. He was 
a gentle but steadfast Christian, and a very decided 
Baptist, never inviting controversy, and never per- 
mitting his heaven-born principles to lack a de- 
fender while he could wield a spiritual weapon to 
protect them. 

Mr. JeiFery suffered much for his principles. On 
one occasion the magistrates of Seven-Oaks arrested 
all the men in his congregation while they were at 
worship, and kept them in prison an entire night. 
The next day the justices, after an examination, 
dismissed them. They. returned to the church to 
thank God for their deliverance. To their aston- 
ishment, as they entered the house of God, they 
saw the women there, who, from the time of their 
arrest, had continued in fasting and prayer for their 
release until their supplications were visibly and 
joyfully answered. Mr. Jeffery was imprisoned 
after the restoration of Charles II., and subjected 
to many hardships. 

After a life of great usefulness, of universal be- 
nevolence, and of abundant labors and sufferings, 
Mr. Jeffery rested from his toils in a good old age, 
and he was succeeded in his pastoral office by his 
son, the Rev. John Jeffery. 

Jeffrey, Reuben, D.D., was born in Leicester. 
England, Feb. 15, 1827, and came to America when 
ten years of age with his parents, who settled in 
Geneva, N. Y. He was graduated from Madison 
University and the theological seminary connected ^ 
with it. His first settlement was at Nantucket, 



JENCKES 



597 



JENKINS 



where, in 1847, he was ordained and entered on a 
very successful ministry. 

He has filled the pastoral office in the First 
church of Albany, N. Y. ; the Fourth church in 




REUBEN JEFFREY, D.D. 

Philadelphia, Pa. ; the North church in Chicago, 
111. ; and the Ninth Street church, in Cincinnati, 0. 
On the 14th of December, 1873, he accepted a call 
to the Marcy Avenue church, in Brooklyn, N. Y. 
It was a new and feeble organization, with about 
40 members, meeting in a chapel. The house 
very soon became too small for his audiences. A 
new one was built, and that also in a few months 
was overflowing. It was enlarged, and more than 
a thousand people filled it at every service. The 
membership has increased to more than 600, the 
largest portion by baptism. Many of them are 
among the most substantial people in that section 
of the city. His friends regard this as the most 
successful work of his life. 

Dr. Jeffrey's sermons are never sensational. He 
speaks without a manuscript or notes, yet his dis- 
courses are delivered with ease, force, and clearness. 
His rhetoric is good and his logic conclusive. He 
often thrills his hearers by impassioned bursts of 
eloquence, especially when presenting the great 
truths of the gospel. 

Several of his sermons have been published. 
Recently he has removed to Denver, Col., where 
his new charge are building a spacious house of 
worship. 

Jenckes, Gov. Joseph, was born in Pawtucket, 
R. I., in 1656. His grandfather, of the same name, 



was, without doubt, in the company of emigrants 
who came from England in 1630, under the leader- 
ship of Gov. Winthrop. The father of Gov. Jenckes 
is supposed to have taken up his residence in Paw- 
tucket about the year 1655. He was a blacksmith 
by trade, and the articles of his manufacture were 
in ready demand in the section of the country 
where he lived. He was honored and respected in 
the colony, and filled several important offices of 
civil trust. Like his father, the subject of this 
sketch also took a prominent part in civil affairs. 
As early as 1705 he was a commissioner to aid in 
the settlement of the perplexing questions which 
arose about the boundary-line between Rhode 
Island and Massachusetts. He was elected, in 1715, 
deputy governor of Rhode Island, and was in oflSce 
until May, 1721. Before he had completed his term 
of service he was sent, in 1720, to England to 
bi'ing the boundary disputes between Rhode Island 
as the one party, and Connecticut and Massachu- 
setts as the other, to the direct notice of the kingv 
He was again re-elected deputy governor in 1722, 
and continued in this office for five years, making 
eleven years in all that he occupied this honorable 
position. In 1727, upon the death of Gov. Crans- 
ton, who had been in office for the long period of 
twenty-nine years, Mr. Jenckes was chosen as his 
successor, and occupied this post of honor for five 
years. During a large part of this time Gov. Jenckes 
resided, by the special request of the General As- 
sembly, in Newport. When Gov. Jenckes com- 
pleted his term of gubernatorial service he was 
well advanced in years. He is said to have been 
the tallest man of his time in Rhode Island, stand- 
ing seven feet and two inches. His death took 
place June 15, 1740. Gov. Jenckes was a decided 
Baptist. Among other things we read from the 
inscription that was placed on his tombstone, that 
"he was a bright example of virtue in every stage 
of life. He was a zealous Christian, a wise and 
prudent governor, grave, sober, iDeautiful in per- 
son, with a soul truly great, heroic, and sweetly 
tempered." 

Jenkens, Rev. C. A., was born in Benton, 
Miss., Jan. 20, 1850 ; educated at the University 
of Virginia ; taught school in Virginia. He was a 
layman and vestryman of the Episcopal Church in 
1875, when he was baptized by Dr. C. Manly in 
Staunton, Va. He came immediately to North 
Carolina, and took charge of Warsaw High School, 
and began to preach. He was at one time pastor 
of Louisburg church, then of Franklinton, and now 
of Oxford. Mr. Jenkens edited " Baptist Doc- 
trines," published in St. Louis in 1880, a large and 
valuable work, several thousand copies of which 
have already been sold. 

Jenkins, Charles J., was a prominent layman, 
for many years, among the Baptists of Georgia. 



JENKINS 



598 



JENKINS 



He was the father of ex-Gov. Chas. J. Jenkins of 
that State, who is still living. He was born in 
1780, but moved from Georgia to Beaufort District, 
S. C, in 1804, on his marriage to Miss Susan Emily 
Kenny of that State. ■ He resided in Beaufort Dis- 
trict until the spring of 1815. Mr. and Mrs. Jen- 
kins became deeply interested in the subject of re- 
ligion, and both united with the Baptist church at 
Beaufort. 

During several years of his residence in South 
Carolina Mr. Jenkins was ordinary of Beaufort 
District, an office then in the gift of the State Legis- 
lature, and always most carefully bestowed because 
of its great importance. 

About the beginning of 1816 Mr. Jenkins re- 
moved to Jefferson Co., Ga., and united with the 
Providence Baptist church, on Kocky Comfort 
Creek, twelve miles above Louisville. He after- 
wards resided a short time in Washington County, 
near Fenn's Bridge ; but, about the beginning of 
1819, he removed to Madison County, where he 
built a Baptist house of worship and organized a 
Baptist church near his residence. In October of 
the following year, during the annual meeting of 
the Sarepta Association, at Ruckersville, Elbert 
Co., he, as clerk, presented the following resolu- 
tion, drawn up by Rev. Adiel Sherwood, D.D. : 

" Resolved, That we suggest for our considera- 
tion, and that of sister Associations in this State, 
the propriety of organizing a general meeting of 
correspondence." 

The resolution was adopted, and resulted in the 
formation of the General Association on the 27th 
of June, 1822, at Powelton, which name was 
changed to the Baptist Convention of the State 
of Georgia in 1828. 

In 1822, Mr. Jenkins was appointed surveyor 
and collector of the port of Apalachicola, in "West 
Florida, where he remained three years, resigning 
and returning to Georgia on account of his depriva- 
tion of church privileges in Apalachicola. He set- 
tled in Jefferson County, where he had formerly re- 
sided, on his return to his native State, and there 
he died, in July, 1828, in his forty-ninth year. Mr. 
Jenkins was a quiet, unassuming man, very useful, 
kind and benevolent in disposition, and of the strict- 
est integrity. He was exceedingly energetic and 
liberal, but seldom let his right hand know what 
his left was doing. He was a man of culture and 
refinement. He never sought office ; and it was 
only because he positively declined that he was 
not elected State senator for both Jefferson and 
Madison Counties. His heart was in his religious 
denomination, and, outside of his domestic circle 
and private business affairs, all his efforts and 
energies were devoted to extending its borders, 
and widening its influence and power. In every 
community in which he dwelt he was a leading 



and an influential man, and enjoyed the respect 
and confidence of all who knew him. For years 
he was clerk of the Sarepta Association, and took 
hold of religious and educational measures with a 
strong hand, and he was able. to accomplish much 
that was useful. 

Jenkins, E.ev. Nathaniel, was bom in Wales 
in 1678; was converted, and began to preach in 
his native country. He settled at Cape May, 
N. J., in 1712, and became the founder and first 
pastor of the church at Cape May Court-House. 
He continued to preside over this church until 
1730, when he took charge of Cohansey, where he 
died in 1754. His talents shone both in the church 
and state. He exemplified his belief in liberty of 
conscience on an important occasion. When he 
was a member of the Colonial Legislature of New 
Jersey, in 1721, a bill was introduced to punish all 
who denied the doctrine of the Trinity, Christ's di- 
vinity, and the inspiration of the Scriptures. He 
could not be persuaded to vote for it, but, rising in 
his place, said, among other things, with Welsh 
warmth and eloquence, " I believe the doctrines in 
question as firmly as the promoters of that ill-de- 
signed bill ; but will never consent to 9ppose the 
opposers with law, or any other weapon save that 
of argument." The bill was defeated. 

Jenkins, Samuel, was born in Wales, Feb. 12, 
1789. At the age of six he was able to read in 
Welsh, and he loved to read the Bible. In 1801 
his parents came to Philadelphia, and in 1804 he 
joined the Welsh Calvinistical church in that city, 
of which his father was pastor. Having settled in 
the Great Valley, Chester County, he was baptized, 
and united with the church in that place in 1816, 
and from that time to the day of his death he was 
a thorough Baptist. 

Mr. Jenkins possessed a wonderful memory, and 
his knowledge of Welsh history was remarkable. 
He wrote much for the press. In 1852 he pub- 
lished a work entitled " Letters on AVelsh History," 
which exhibited a thorough acquaintance with the 
records of that ancient people. He died Sept. 12, 
1871. 

Mr. Jenkins was a good man, a sincere Chris- 
tian, and a friend to every worthy cause. 

Jenkins, Rev. S. G., a native of Georgia, was 
ordained in that State by Elders Sanders, Lump- 
kin, Thornton, and Hillyer. In 1832 he removed 
to Mississippi, wherehe successfully served churches 
for some years. In 1840 he came to Alabama and 
settled on the picturesque spot where he now re- 
sides, in Talladega County. Soon he planted a 
number of churches. Has been pastor of Antioch 
and Cold Water churches, respectively, thirty-nine 
years, and has baptized 1006 members at these two 
churches, many of them from other denominations. 
He has been abundant in labors and success. He 



JENKS 



599 



JESSE Y 



has baptized 13 households and 22 men who en- 
tered the ministry. He has always been a fanner, 
and before the late war was in good worldly cir- 
cumstances. Has constantly been a fearless gospel 
preacher. Has reared an interesting family ; is 
about seventy years old, and now often rides forty 
miles in a day, and preaches three sermons. 

Jenks, Prof. John W. P., was born in West 
Boylston, Mass., May 1, 1819. lie graduated at 
Brown University in the class of 1838. On leaving 
college he went to Georgia, where he taught four 
years, for a part of the time acting as colleague of 
Rev. Jesse Mercer, D.D., in the last year of his life 
in Washington, Wilkes Co., Ga. In 1842 he be- 
came the principal of the Peirce Academy, in Mid- 
dleborough, and continued in that relation twenty- 
nine years. During his administration the academy 
rose to a high rank among the best institutions of 
its kind in New England. In 1872 he was elected 
Professor of Agricultural Zoology and curator of 
the Museum of Natural History in Brown Uni- 
versity, which position he now holds. By his un- 
tiring efiforts Prof. Jenks has brought his special 
department into a condition far in advance of what 
it was when he entered upon the duties of his pro- 
fessorship. Brown University has a museum of 
natural history of which it may justly be proud. 

Jennings, Rev. John, was born in Danbury, 
Conn., Dec. 8, 1809 ; was hopefully converted at the 
age of fourteen, and baptized into the fellowship 
of the church in the place where he had passed his 
youthful days. He was licensed to preach when he 
was but seventeen years of age, June 17, 1826. He 
entered upon a course of preparatory study, and 
without going through college, he graduated at the 
Newton Theological Institution in the class of 
1834. He was oi-dained pastor of the church in 
Beverly, Mass., Sept. 15, 1834, remaining here for 
two years, and then settling at Grafton, where he 
continued for six yeai-s, at the end of which period 
he was called to the pastorate of the newly organ- 
ized Second Baptist church in Worcester, Mass. 
He commenced his labors here in March, 1842, and 
continued in this pastorate for eight years. For 
some time he was in the service of the American 
Tract Society. In 1852 he became the pastor of 
the Baptist church in Fitchburg, Mass., where he 
remained until 1859, when he was invited to Woon- 
socket, R. I., and labored there three and a half 
years. His last settlement was in Westfield, 
Mass., where he continued seven and a half years, 
when his failing health obliged him to resign, and 
he moved to Auburndale, Mass., where he died, 
June 26, 1871. An appreciative notice of this wor- 
thy minister of Christ, written by his friend, Rev. 
W. C. Richards, says of him, "Few men have lived 
more respected and beloved as a Christian man 
and a Christian minister by all who knew his vir- 



tues and piety. He leaves a clean record ; his life 
was a success." 

Jerome, Rev. Edward Miles, son of Chauncey 

and Salome (Smith) Jerome, was born in Bristol, 
Conn., June 15, 1826 ; removed to New Haven in 
1843; graduated from Yale College in 1850; con- 
verted when a Sophomore, and united with Third 
Congregational church in New Haven ; studied in 
Yale Law-School and in Baltimore, Md. ; received 
LL.B. in 1852, and was admitted to the bur ; man- 
ager of his father's business in New York ; became 
a Baptist ; baptized by Rev. R. TurnbuU, D.D., and 
united with First Baptist church in Hartford, Conn., 
in 1856 ; licensed by that church and studied the- 
ology ; ordained, in 1859, as an evangelist in Hol- 
yoke, Mass. ; supplied First Baptist church in New 
Haven, Conn. ; in 1861 settled as pastor in North- 
ampton, Mass. ; in 1862 settled with church in 
West Meriden, Conn., and remained four years, 
till disabled by throat affection ; preached in New 
Haven occasionally ; in 1869 settled in Westfield, 
Mass., but health again failed ; in 1871 established 
the Naugatuck Valley Sentinel in Ansonia, Conn. ; 
aided in gathering there a Baptist church, of which 
he became pastor; served 'as Sunday-school mis- 
sionary of the Baptist State Convention ; in 1879 
returned as associate editor of the Sentinel in An- 
sonia ; in April of present year (1880) became pro- 
prietor and editor of The Shore Line Times, in New 
Haven ; good preacher and ready writer. 

Jesse, Rev. John Samuel, one of the most in- 
fluential young pastors in the Sacramento River 
Association, is located at Biggs Station, Cal. He 
was born in Missouri, Nov. 4, 1852. His father, 
W. M. Jesse, of Virginia, and five relatives were 
ministers. He was immersed in 1870 ; received a 
good education at Mount Pleasant College and the 
schools in Missouri ; entered the ministry by license 
in 1873 ; was ordained in October, 1874. His preach- 
ing for three years in Missouri was greatly blessed. 
In 1877 he went to California, preached for a time 
for the Sutter and Calaveras churches, and in 1878 
became pastor at Biggs Station, and he is also 
giving pastoral aid to the Virginia and Wheatland 
churches. He is a fine writer and liberal contrib- 
utor to the religious press. 

Jessey, Rev. Henry, A.M., was born at West 

.Routon, Yorkshire, England, Sept. 3, 1601. When 
he was seventeen years of age he entered St. John's 
College, Cambridge, in which he continued six 
years. In his twenty-first year, while still at the 
University of Cambridge, the Spirit of God gave 
him a new heart, and a blessed hope through the 
Saviour's blood. 

After leaving Cambridge he became a chaplain 
in the family of Mr. Brampton Gordon, of Assing- 
ton, Suffolk, for nine years, during which he ad- 
vanced rapidly in such knowledge as would qualify 



JESSEY 



600 



JETER 



him for his holy calling. In 1627 he received epis- 
copal ordination, and in 1633 he was appointed 
rector of Aughton, Yorkshire. In 1637 he became 
pastor of a Congregational church in London, in 




REV. HENRY JESSEY, A.M. 

which his labors were greatly blessed. But his 
church was repeatedly invaded and robbed by Bap- 
tist principles. In 1638 "six persons of note" 
were carried off ; in 1641 a greater number still; 
and in 1643 the departing members were more nu- 
merous than ever. Many of those who joined the 
Baptists were persona of superior intelligence and 
piety. Mr. Jessey was forced to examine the 
Scriptures about the mode of baptism, and the re- 
sult of his investigations was that immersion was 
the inspired mode of baptism, and that sprinkling 
was a modern innovation. From that time forward 
for two or three years he always dipped children 
when he administered baptism. In 1645, after an 
anxious examination of the subjects of baptism, 
and after earnest appeals to heaven for divine light, 
he became decided in the conviction that only be- 
lievers should be baptized, and in the June of that 
year he was immersed by Hanserd Knollys. He 
was pastor for many years of the church meeting 
in Swan Alley, Coleman Street, London. He was 
one of the Triers appointed by Cromwell to examine 
candidates for the ministry in the national church, 
and to investigate the character and claims of 
"ignorant and scandalous ministers" with a view 
to their expulsion from the pulpits of the state 
church. He was rector of St. George's church, 
Southwark, London, and pastor of a Baptist church 



in the same city. In the iriorning of the Lord's day 
he preached at St. George's church, and in the after- 
noon he was among his own people. He was a 
man of great learning ; he had an extensive knowl- 
edge of Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, and Chaldee. It 
was the ambition and labor of his life to produce a 
new translation of the Scriptures, which was about 
completed when the restoration of Charles 11. 
poured a deluge of evils over the Non-Conformists 
of that country, and made worthless the labors of 
Mr. Jessey in revising the Scriptures. He was a 
man of boundless charity ; he even employed ef- 
forts to send money to the poor Jews of Jerusalem 
to preserve them from threatened slavery. 

His labors were unremitting, and they were at- 
tended with great success. He was the author of 
eight published works, and with some help from 
Mr. Kow, Professor of Hebrew in Aberdeen, he was 
the author of a revised and unpublished version of 
the Scriptures. His literary labors were highly 
appi-eciated and widely known. His character was 
marked by unselfishness and an intense love for 
the truth and its Divine Author. 

By the cruel Act of Uniformity he was ejected 
from St. George's church, Southwark, and soon 
after, through his zeal for the Saviour, he was cast 
into prison, where he died Sept. 4, 1663, full of 
peace, humility, and hope. 

At his funeral, three days after his death, sev- 
eral thousand pious persons of various denomina- 
tions attended, whose manifest grief showed the 
great esteem in which Mr. Jessey was held. 

Jeter, Jeremiah Bell, D.D., was born in Bed- 
ford Co., Va., July 18, 1802. He was baptized on 
the first Sunday in December, 1821, by the Eev. 
Wm. Harris, in the North Fork of the Otter River. 
His first public address was made on the banks of 
this stream, in coming out of it, on the occasion of 
his baptism. On the evening of the 15th of Jan- 
uary of the same year he preached his first sermon 
to a small congregation of mountaineers in the 
gorge between the Flat Top and Luck Mountains, 
in Bedford County. He was present at the organ- 
ization of the Baptist General Association of Vir- 
ginia in 1823, was the first missionary appointed 
by that body, and the last survivor of the men who 
formed it. On the 4th of May, 1824, he was or- 
dained to the work of the ministry at High Hills 
church, Sussex Co., by the Revs. N. Chambliss and 
J. D. Williams, for the former of whom he acted as 
assistant. Leaving Sussex in the spring of 1826, 
his first pastorate was with Hills Creek and Union 
Hill churches, Campbell Co. In the autumn of 
1827 he removed to the Northern Neck of Virginia, 
where he was installed pastor of Moratico church 
in Lancaster Co., and subsequently of Wicomico 
church in Northumberland Co. His ministry was 
eminently successful in this field of labor, he having 



JETER 



601 



JEWELL 



baptized over one thousand persons in about nine 
years. 

In the latter part of 1835 he became pastor of 
the First Baptist church, Richmond, Va., and was 




JEREMIAH BELL JETER, D.: 



for nearly fourteen years its fiiithful and successful 
leader, baptizing into its fellowship nearly 1000 
converts, among whom were the Rev. Dr. Garlick, 
of Richmond, and the Rev. Dr. Henson, of Phila- 
delphia. During his pastorate the First church 
built the house of worship which it now occupies, 
and organized its colored membership of 2000 into 
the First African church of Richmond, since so 
well known for its large congregations, its efficient 
church regulations, and its excellent singing. The 
latter church was put into possession of the old 
house of worship at the corner of Broad and Col- 
lege streets. 

In October of 1849, Dr. Jeter was invited to the 
pastorate of the Second Baptist church, St. Louis. 
He remained here three years, baptized 150 per- 
sons, and was instrumental in organizing two other 
churches in that city. In September of 1852 he re- 
turned to Richmond, and became pastor of the Grace 
Street Baptist church, whose membership was nearly 
doubled during his ministry, having increased from 
322 to 600. About the close of the war he became 
the senior editor of the Religious Herald, and con- 
tinued until his death, Feb. 18, 1880, to furnish for 
its columns the mature gleanings of his long, rich, 
and varied experience. 

As preacher and pastor. Dr. Jeter was remark- 
ably successful. His form was commanding, his 



face intellectual, and his eye expressive, all which 
secured for him marked advantages as a speaker. 
The interest of his preaching consisted in the 
earnest simplicity with which he presented and en- 
forced the great truths of the gospel. He con- 
stantly aimed to establish from the Word of God 
some great doctrine, or to enforce some practical 
duty in gospel ethics. As a pastor, he was kind, 
genial, and gentle, welcomed alike by old and 
young, rich and poor, learned and ignorant. In 
the large deliberative assemblies of the denomina- 
tion. Dr. Jeter always occupied a prominent place. 
As a debater, he was ready, self-possessed, court- 
eous, wisely conservative, added to which qualities 
were a force and ability that won universal atten- 
tion. 

Dr. Jeter was quite successful as an author. In 
1837 he published the " Life of the Rev. A. W. 
Clopton" ; in 1845, "A Memoir of Mrs. Schuck, 
Missionary to China" ; in 1850, the "Life of the 
Rev. Andrew Broaddus" ; in 1854, " Campbellism 
Examined," which work won for him a wide repu- 
tation as a skillful polemic, and subsequently 
"Campbellism Re-examined"; in 1858, "The 
Christian Mirror" : in 1871, " The Seal of Heaven" 
and "The Life of the Rev. Daniel Witt," besides 
numerous tracts, sermons, addresses, and other 
works of minor importance. His writings were all 
characterized by that clearness and vigor, as well 
as that chivalrous courtesy, which won the regard 
of the most persistent opponents, and gained for 
him as a writer so wide a reputation. 

Dr. Jeter was equally successful as an editor. 
For fourteen years the Religious Herald has been 
the medium of conveying his sage counsels, evan- 
gelical opinions, and earnest Christian appeals in 
behalf of everything noble, just, and good into 
thousands of Christian families. He displayed an 
excellent judgment and discrimination in selecting 
topics at once of genuine importance and yet of 
general interest. 

Dr. Jeter also preserved an abiding and growing 
interest in all the great denominational movements 
of the day. Missions, education, a more thoroughly 
equipped ministry, higher schools for young women, 
reformatory movements, with kindred plans for the 
well-being of men and women, and the conversion 
of the world, always received his most cordial sup- 
port. A long life was devoted to the cause of 
Christ and the good of the world, and it was as 
spotless to its protracted close as the perfect azure 
of a sunset flecked by no single cloud. " No one 
who knew Dr. Jeter would hesitate to put him 
among the aristocracy of the world. As a preacher, 
a pastor, an editor, a citizen, a Christian, he lived 
up to the measure of developed faculties, and was 
an Israelite in whom there was no guile." 

Jewell, William, M,D., was born near Alex- 



JEWETT 



602 



JEWETT 



andria, Va., Jan. 1, 1779; removed with his father 
to Kentucky in 1800 ; graduated from Transyl- 
vania University with the degree of M.D. In 1820 
he came to Missouri, and settled permanently in 
Columbia. He united with the Bonne Femme 
Baptist church. He had a capacious and acquisi- 
tive mind, and a fixed purpose to excel in his pro- 
fession. His library was large and choice, and 
his practice was extensive. He was familiar with 
learned medical authors of all lands. He took a 
deep interest in his patients, and when his medical 
skill failed, he pointed them to the heavenly phy- 
sician. He attained great eminence as a medical 
practitioner, citizen, and Christian. His gifts of 
more than $17,000 to the Baptist college at Lib- 
erty gave it the name of William Jewell. He 
superintended the erection of the college buildings, 
and at his death bequeathed his library and $3000 
to the institution. He gave nearly half his prop- 
erty to benevolent objects. He died in Liberty, 
Clay Co., Aug. 7, 1852. He gave $1800 to the 
State University, at Columbia. He often repre- 
sented Boone County in the State Legislature. He 
was a zealous student of the Bible. His religion 
was manifest at home, and in his professional ex- 
perience, as well as in public worship. His death 
was deeply mourned, and deserved eulogies were 
pronounced over his Christian life. 

Jewett, Lyman, D.D., was born in Waterford, 
Me., March 9, 1813. He was a graduate of Brown 
University and of the Newton Theological Institu- 
tion. He served for some time as a supply of the 
Baptist church in Webster, Mass. His appoint- 
ment as a missionary to the foreign field was made 
in 1847, and he was ordained to the work of the 
ministry in Boston, Oct. 6, 1848. Sailing a few days 
after for the East, he reached Nellore, April 16, 
1849. For somewhat more than three years the 
mission had been without American helpers. Mr. 
Jewett found, at first, many things that were dis- 
couraging, but he addressed himself to his work 
with zeal, preaching his first regular Teloogoo ser- 
mon in the chapel Dec. 3, 1849. As he became 
more familiar with the language his ability to be 
useful increased, and his contact with the heathen 
was closer. Weeks and months passed in the 
usual routine of missionary labor. We learn from 
the report of 1852 that there was preaching in the 
chapel twice every Sabbath, the attendance varying 
from 40 to 150 persons. Considerable audiences 
were collected to listen to street preaching. Visitors 
calling at the mission house for instruction often 
received spiritual benefit. Excursions were made 
by Mr. Jewett to the neighboring villages and 
hamlets, and sometimes great crowds thronged to 
hear the Word, and receive Bibles and religious 
tracts. But while Mr. Jewett and his co-laborers 
were encouraged by these signs of outward success, 



and felt that could the mission be well reinforced 
and evangelical agencies plied with zeal, the best 
results would be secured, it was evident that many 
of the friends of missions at home were begin- 
ning to think that the Teloogoo Mission was not 
a successful one. The whole matter was submitted 
to the Missionary Union in 1853, and it was decided 
to continue to carry on the mission. The departure 
of Mr. Day from Nellore early in 1853 left Mr. 
Jewett the only American male missionary on the 
field. With what courage and hope he prosecuted 
his work appears from his own words, written Nov. 
5, 1854: " The last month has been one of constant 
labor in preaching the gospel. I am earnestly 
looking for fruit. I feel in my soul that our 
labors will not be in vain." Again he writes with 
almost prophetic vision of the glorious ingathering 
of the harvests of souls which has been lately wit- 
nessed : " For the last few months I have felt more 
than ever not only the importance of the mission, but 
the certainty of accomplishing, in the Lord's good 
time, a great and glorious work for this people." 
Before this vision became a reality the faith of 
Mr. Jewett was often and most severely tried. Rev. 
F. A. Douglass joined Mr. Jewett, April 14, 1855, 
and the mission, thus reinforced, continued to en- 
joy a good degree of prosperity. In 1859 an in- 
creased interest in religion was reported, Mr. 
Jewett visited Ongole to see for himself what pros- 
pect of success there was in that place. In March, 
1861, such was the state of his health that it was 
thought best that he should return to the United 
States and obtain needed rest and recuperation. 
He remained here until November, 1864, when he 
sailed the second time, and arrived at Nellore, April 
22, 1865. He at once resumed his labors. Mr. 
Timpany became associated with him in missionary 
work in April, 1868. A part of the time of Dr. 
Jewett was occupied in the work of translating 
the Bible into the Teloogoo language. In 1875 he 
was again in his native country for the restoration 
of his wasted strength. He has returned to the 
scene of his labors, where he is now actively en- 
gaged in the service of him whose cause lies so 
near his heart. 

Jewett, Prof. Milo P., LL.D., was born in 
Johnsbury, Vt., April 27, 1808. His father, Cal- 
vin Jewett, was an eminent physician of Johns- 
bury, and his mother was a highly cultivated lady. 
Milo was prepared for college at the Bradford 
Academy, Vt., and graduated from Dartmouth 
College in the class of 1828. Upon his graduation 
he became principal of Holmes Academy at Plym- 
outh, N. H. Having the law in view as a pro- 
fession, he spent a part of that year and of the fol- 
lowing year in the office of Hon. Josiah Quincy, of 
Rumney, N. H. Abandoning the law in 1830, he 
entered the theological seminary at Andover, com- 



JEWETT 



603 



JOHNSON 



pleting the course of study. Mr. Jewett, upon the 
invitation of Josiah Holbrook, of Boston, founder 
of the- American lyceutn f?ystein, spent his vaca- 
tions during his theological course in lecturing in 
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut 
on "Common Schools." He had had much suc- 
cess in teaching, and his soul was full of his sub- 
ject, — a higher grade of common-school education 
for the masses. His addresses on this subject 
are believed to have been the first of a popular 
character delivered in the country. They created 
extensive interest in the subject among our best 
educators. Through J. Orville Taylor, a fellow- 
student of Mr. Jewett, who became interested in 
the matter, a movement was started in New York 
City, which resulted in the establishment of the 
present common-school system of the Empire State. 

Having decided that teaching and not preaching 
was the work for which God had fitted him, and in 
which he had already given him marked success, 
Mr. Jewett devoted himself to that profession, and 
in 1834 accepted a professorship in Marietta Col- 
lege, Marietta, 0., just then founded. Before en- 
tering upon the active duties of his chair he spent 
some time among the Congregational churches of 
New England in soliciting funds for the college. 
He based his plea on " the perils which threaten 
our civil and religious liberties from the progress 
of Roman Catholicism in the Mississippi Valley." 
Hi& addresses awakened a deep interest, and made 
the raising of funds an easy task. In 1836, Mr. 
Jewett was associated with Prof. Calvin E. Stowe 
and "William E. Lewis by the State Educational 
Convention of Ohio to urge upon the Legislature 
the establishment of a new common-school system. 
He not only accomplished his object, but much 
more. Prof. Calvin Stowe went to Europe, under 
the direction of the State, to investigate the best 
school systems there, and Wm. E. Lewis became the 
first State superintendent of public schools in Ohio. 
But this was not all. His report on the subject 
created the deepest interest over the country, and 
resulted in the special educational mission and 
work of Horace Mann in New England. 

In January, 1839, having changed his views on 
baptism, and united with the Baptist Church, Prof. 
Jewett resigned his professorship in Marietta Col- 
lege, and, going South, he established the Judson 
Female Institute in Marion, Ala. It soon became 
the most flourishing educational institution for 
ladies in the South. In connection with this school 
he established the Alabama Baptist^ which became 
the Baptist organ of the State. In the autumn of 
1855 he returned North, and purchased the Cottage 
Hill Seminary at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Here he 
first met with Mr. Matthew Vassar. Their acquaint- 
ance ripened into friendship. Prof. Jewett found 
that Mr. Vassar proposed to leave his large fortune 



for benevolent purposes. He suggested to him the 
founding of a thoroughly furnished and endowed 
college for young women during his own life. It 
met with Mr. Vassar's approval. He changed his 
will, in which he had left his property for another 
object, and turned his attention to this new pur- 
pose. Thus originated Vassar College. It was 
incorporated in 1861. Prof. Jewett was the ad- 
viser of Mr. Vassar in everything relating to the 
establishment of the college, and was its first pres- 
ident. In 1862, at the request of the trustees, he 
visited Europe to inspect the universities, libraries, 
ar (^galleries, etc., in Great Britain and on the Con- 
tinent to obtain information about the best educa- 
tional systems in the old world, that Vassar might 
have the benefit of his observations and experience. 

In 1864, having almost entirely lost the sight of 
his eyes, he resigned the presidency of the college, 
to the great regret of Mr. Vassar and the board, 
and in 1867 he removed to his present home in 
Milwaukee. Prof. Jewett devotes himself to the 
interests of education, philanthropy, and religion. 
He is held in high esteem in the First Baptist 
church, of which he is a member. He is the pres- 
ident of Milwaukee Female College, though not 
required to teach, chairman of the board of visitors 
of the University of Wisconsin, president of Mil- 
waukee board of health, president of the Wisconsin 
State Temperance Society, president of the Mil- 
waukee County Bible Society, and chairman of the 
State Baptist Educational Commission. 

Prof. Jewett is a man of extensive literary at- 
tainments, and in addition to occasional articles in 
newspapers and magazines, has written several 
publications of marked character. In 1840 he pub- 
lished "Jewett on Baptism" ; in 1863, "Report of 
the President's Visit to Europe" and "Report on 
the Organization of Vassar College" ; in 1874, 
" Relation of Boards of Health to Intemperance" ; 
in 1875, "A Plea for Academies" ; and the same 
year, " The Model Academy." 

Prof. Jewett, although never engaged in the active 
work of the ministry, received ordination at the 
hands of a council called by the Siloam Baptist 
church of Marion, Ala., in 1839. He received the 
degree of LL.D. from Rochester University in 1861. 

He takes a very deep interest in everything per- 
taining to the growth of the Baptist denomination, 
especially in the State of Wisconsin. His efforts 
for the more thorough establishment of Wayland 
Academy have been of the highest value. He is 
an active member of its board, and contributes 
most generously both time and means to its in- 
creased usefulness. 

Johnson, Rev. Caesar.— A useful man among 
the colored Baptists of North Carolina is Caesar 
Johnson, who was born in Warren Co., N. C, in 
1833, and until the war was a slave of Mr. John 



JOHNSON 



604 



JOHNSON 



V. Canthorn. He was baptized by Rev. N. A. 
Purefoy in 1862 ; attended Shaw University in 
Ealeigh for nine years ; served as missionary of 
the Home Mission Board, New York, for eight 
years, and is now employed as colporteur by the 
American and Foreign Bible Society. Mr. Johnson 
has been moderator of the Convention of colored 
Baptists for four years, and is much interested in 
collecting historical and statistical data concerning 
his people. 

Johnson, Col. Daniel D., a younger brother of 
Okey, was born in Tyler Co., Va., April 28, 1836. 
He was partly educated at Marietta College, and 
graduated a Bachelor of Philosophy from Colum- 
bian College, Washington, D. C, in 1860. He en- 
joyed the warm friendship, which yet continues, of 
Dr. Samson, then president of the college. In 1861, 
when the civil war broke out, as a firm friend of 
the Union he helped to raise the 14th Va. Regiment, 
of which he was elected major. He was soon pro- 
moted to the colonelcy, which post he filled until 
the close of the war. He participated in a number 
of hard-fought battles, among them Cloyd Moun- 
tain, Carter's Farm, Opequan, and Winchester. 
At the battle of Opequan he was severely wounded, 
and was granted leave of absence. At the battle of 
Winchester, on the 24th July, 1864, he commanded 
a brigade. When the Union forces were defeated 
and compelled to fall back, he covered the retreat 
in a masterly manner, for which the credit was un- 
justly given to another. Although a colonel, he 
commanded a brigade frequently. In 1865, after 
the close of the war, he received an honorable 
discharge, and at once set about the work of recon- 
ciliation with those against whom he had fought. 
He was an enemy in war, but in peace a' friend. 
He received them cordially when they returned, 
and treated them as his equals in the government, 
being actuated by the same Christian spirit which 
had ruled his boyhood and manhood. He went 
to the Legislature in 1865, and served for several 
terms in the lower house. He was elected a 
member of the constitutional convention of 1872, 
where he distinguished himself as much perhaps 
as any member of that body, being an earnest, 
eloquent, and lucid speaker, and being by far the 
best parliamentarian in the State. In 1872 he was 
elected a member of the State senate, which posi- 
tion he yet holds, and for the whole time, except 
for two years, he has been president of the senate. 
He is one of the most active men in the State in the 
cause of education, and is now president of the 
board of regents of the West Virginia University. 
He is a thorough Baptist, and has been one for 
over twenty years. He has a number of times 
been moderator of his Association, and also presi- 
dent of the West Virginia Baptist Convention, and 
he is superintendent now of a Sabbath-school. In 



all these various relations he has shown himself a 
Christian gentleman. 

Johnson, George J., D.D., was born in Ver- 
non, N. Y., Oct. 9, 1824 ; was baptized before he 
was fifteen ; studied at Madison University and 
Hamilton Theological Seminary, graduating from 
the latter institution in 1848 ; was soon after or- 
dained at Trenton Falls, N. Y., and settled as mis- 
sionary pastor in Burlington, Iowa. Here he or- 
ganized a church of 12 members, which numbered 
318 at the close of his pastorate in 1858. Among 
the converts was Rev. John E. Clough, present mis- 
sionary to the Teloogoos at Ongole, Burmah. He 
also performed arduous and efficient labors in con- 
nection with the Burlington Collegiate Institute. 
He subsequently organized a church at Fort Madi- 
son, Iowa, and remained pastor five years. Re- 
turned to Burlington as district secretary of the 
American Baptist Publication Society for the North- 
west, and aftervsrards became district secretary for 
the Southwest, with headquarters at St. Louis, Mo. 
In 1876-77 he engaged in celebrating the semi- 
centennial of Shurtleff College at Upper Alton, 
111., by raising an additional endowment fund of 
$100,000. In this enterprise his incessant and self- 
sacrificing labors were crowned with magnificent 
success. In 1878 he was appointed missionary 
secretary of the American Baptist Publication So- 
ciety, with headquarters at Philadelphia. This 
position he still holds, and the society is prospered 
by the large results of his faithful and unceasing 
toil. He received the degree of D.D. from Madison 
University in 1871. 

Dr. Johnson has given the best years of his life 
to pioneer missionary work, and few men have ac- 
complished such wide-reaching and abiding results. 
With varied and consecrated talents, and robust 
physical powers, and with an energy born of in- 
tense love for the truth, and an invincible deter- 
mination to succeed, he has broken the soil and 
planted the seeds of the kingdom far and wide. 
The blessed and increasing fruitage of his past toil 
is a perpetualinspiration to his present unwearied 
and useful endeavors. 

Johnson, Rev. Hezekiah, son of Rev. Eleazar 

Johnson and Martha Rounds, was born March 6, 
1799, in Maryland ; converted and ordained in 
Highland Co., 0., in 1824. He was pastor at 
Frankfort and Greenfield, 0., and labored in Iowa 
under the Baptist Home Mission Society from 1839 
to 1844, and organized some of the first churches 
and Associations in that State. In 1845 he went, 
with Rev. E. Fisher, as missionary of the Home 
Mission Society, to Oregon, and settled at Oregon 
City, where he formed a church. This was his 
home until his death, in August, 1866. He traveled, 
preached, helped to organize churches and Associ- 
ations, and lay the foundations of religious and 



JOHNSON 



605 



JOHNSON 



educational institutions in the new State. He 
wrote and published many sermons and pamphlets 
in furtherance of the cause of religion and refoi-m, 
completing the last on his death-bed. He was one 
of the strong Baptist leaders in the early days of 
Oregon. His faithful wife accompanied and up- 
held him in all his labors. They are buried near 
Oregon City. Over their graves a memorial stone 
bears this inscription, — " Pioneer Baptist Mission- 
aries." 

Johnson, Hon. James, a son of Col. Robert 
Johnson, and a brother of Col. R. M. Johnson, was 
born in Orange Co., Va., from which he removed 
with his parents, to Kentucky. He united with 
Great Crossing Baptist church about 1801, of which 
he remained a faithful member until his death. He 
was a lieutenant-colonel in the war of 1812-15, and 
distinguished himself in the battle of the Thames. 
In 1808 he was elected to the State senate from 
Scott County. He was Presidential elector in 1821, 
and was elected to a seat in the U. S. Congress in 
1825. He died at "Washington while a member of 
Congress, in December, 1826. 

Johnson, John L., LL.D., Professor of Eng- 
lish Literature in the University of Mississippi, 
was born in Virginia in 1835. After receiving a 
liberal education at the University of Virginia, he 
was ordained in 1860. During the war he served 
as chaplain of the 17th Va. Infantry, and subse- 
quently as pastor of the colored Baptist church at 
Lynchburg. After the war he was two years pas- 
tor at Portsmouth, Va., and about as long at Free 
Mason Street, Norfolk. He then retired to the 
country, engaging in literary pursuits, supplying 
some churches, and teaching in the Albemarle Fe- 
male Institute. For some months he supplied Dr. 
Fuller's church in Baltimore. He also taught for 
a time in Roanoke Female College. He accepted 
his present position in 1873. While discharging 
the duties of his professorship he has also engaged 
in preaching at Oxford, Miss., and in the surround- 
ing country. Dr. Johnson is the author of "The 
University Memorial" and a number of published 
sermons. 

Johnson, Gov. Joseph, was born Dec. 19, 1785, 
in Orange Co., N. Y. His father having died when 
he was but five years old, his widowed mother soon 
after removed to Sussex Co., N. J., and from it, in 
1801, to Harrison Co., Va. Here, at the age of fif- 
teen, he was employed on the large farm of a Mr. 
Smith, whose chief manager he soon became, and 
at the age of twenty-one he married one of that 
gentleman's daughters. Four years after his mar- 
riage he purchased the estate on which he had 
been living, and continued to occupy the same until 
his death, a period of more than seventy years. 
Early in life Mr. Johnson became one of the most 
popular and influential men in the county. During 



the war of 1812 with Great Britain he organized a 
rifle company, was made its captain, marched to 
Norfolk, and continued in service until peace was 
secured, in 1815. His talents, decision of character. 




GOV. JOSEPH JOHXSON. 

and strict integrity forced him at this time into 
political life, and on his return from military ser- 
vice he was elected a member of the State Legisla- 
ture, defeating his opponent, the distinguished Mr. 
Prunty, who had been in the Legislature during 
twenty-five consecutive years. Having served for 
four years in this body with great usefulness, he 
declined a re-election, and returned to the farm-life 
which he loved so well. In 1823 he was elected to 
Congress after one of the most exciting and thor- 
oughly contested canvassings that Harrison County 
had ever witnessed, defeating his able and distin- 
guished opponent, Mr. P. Doddridge. He was re- 
elected to Congress in 1825, returned to his home 
in 1827, and in 1832 was elected to fill the vacancy 
caused by the death of Mr. Doddridge. He was 
also elected to Congress in 1835, serving six years, 
and in 1845, serving two years. He had thus been 
elected to Congress seven times, and during his 
whole career in that body maintained the reputation 
of being one of the most punctual and laborious 
members of the body. In consequence of the 
urgent solicitations of his friends he served in the 
State Legislature during the session of 1847 ; was 
a member, in 1850, of the State convention which 
remodeled the constitution, and while a member 
of that body was elected governor of the State 
under the conditions of the old constitution, enter- 



JOHNSON 



606 



JOHNSON 



ing on his official duties in December, 1851. In the 
fall of 1851 he was elected governor by the popular 
vote for the term of four years. He was the first 
and . only man ever elected governor of Virginia 
from that part of the State now comprised in West 
Virginia. As governor he took an active part in 
originating or carrying out greatly needed internal 
improvements, which, unfortunately, were sadly 
retarded by the breaking out of the war. At the 
close of 1855 he retired to his country home, having 
served his generation most faithfully in the State 
and national halls for more than forty years. Gov. 
Johnson followed Virginia during her terrible war 
experiences, and threw all the weight of his great 
influence and experience into the cause of the Con- 
federacy. At the termination of that fearful con- 
test, with the burdens of eighty years upon him, he 
withdrew, as much as such a man could, from pub- 
lic life. For more than ten years he enjoyed the 
coveted quiet of a lovely home, the attentions of 
kindred and loved ones, and the warm regards of 
troops of friends. He died Feb. 27, 1877, in the 
ninety-second year of his age, in the home which 
he had entered more than seventy years before, in 
the assured hope of a blissful immortality. 

In private life. Gov. Johnson was modest, aflable, 
genial, and kindly considerate of the interests of 
all. In appeai'ance he was below the medium 
height, of a dark complexion, with a bright black eye 
that flashed as if on fire when in debate. During 
the last few years of his life his thoughts were 
almost constantly occupied with Biblical themes. 
He was punctual in the performance of religious 
duties, and would let nothing interfere with them. 
The last two years of his life were spent in super- 
intending and liberally contributing to the rebuild- 
ing and furnishing of the Baptist meeting-house 
near his residence, where he was a member, and 
where his mother and wife had worshiped, fre- 
quently testifying himself in the meetings to the 
comfort, truth, and power of the gospel of Christ. 
As a man, he was beyond reproach, as a statesman, 
he was one of tlie strictest of the " Jacksonian" 
school, and as a follower of Christ, he adorned-the 
doctrine of the Saviour by a " well-ordered life." 

Johnson, Rev. J. E., was a native of Tolland, 
Conn., where he was born, Oct. 27, 1827. His 
early youth was spent in Willington, Conn., to 
which place his parents removed soon after his 
birth. He was baptized and united with the Bap- 
tist church in that place when but a mere lad. He 
was educated at Suffield Institute, Conn., and at 
Brown University, R. I., from which he graduated 
with honor in the class of 1853. He spent one year 
at Newton Theological Seminary. He was or- 
dained by the Baptist church in Jackson, Mich., 
in 1855, and remained its pastor seven years. He 
was subsequently pastor of the Baptist church in 



Madison, Wis., four years, of the Baptist church in 
Delavan two and a half years, of the Grand Ave- 
nue Baptist church, Milwaukee, one year, and of 
the Baptist church at Beaver Dam three years, 
where he died Oct. 20, 1872. His ministry of 
seventeen years was highly successful. He was an 
excellent preacher, of clear, analytical mind, and 
of most earnest spirit. But he was pre-eminent in 
his simple, unostentatious piety, and devotion to 
the work of the ministry, to which he had conse- 
crated his life. 

Johnson, Rev. N. B., a distinguished mission- 
ary in the mountains of Kentucky, was born in 
Fayette County of that State, March 28, 1820. In 
early life he joined the Campbellites, but in 1842 
he experienced a change of heart, was baptized, 
and united with the Baptist church at Georgetown. 
He was ordained to the ministry in 1862, and was 
pastor of several country churches along the border 
of the mountains. In 1866 he entered the moun- 
tain field as a missionary. During the thirteen 
years that followed he traveled, on horseback and 
on foot, 13,000 miles, preached 2800 times, besides 
delivering numerous addresses, visited a large 
number of families, organized 60 Sabbath-schools, 
baptized 1200 persons, and, with the assistance of 
proper helps, constituted 24 churches. He is, in 
1880, pastor of four chui'ches. 

Johnson, Judge Okey, was bom in Tyler Co., 
Va., March 24, 1834. His parents were both im- 
mersed into the fellowship of the Baptist Church 
over fifty years ago, by Rev. Jeremiah Dale, whose 
biography appears in " The Lives of the Virginia 
Baptist Ministers." Okey united with the Long 
Reach Baptist church on the 7th of July, 1849. 
He graduated at the Marietta High School in 1856. 
The same year he entered the law-school of Harvard 
University, whei-e for two years he had the benefit 
of the lectures of those distinguished men Profs. 
Parsons, Washburne, and Parker, and graduated 
with the degree of LL.B. in July, 1858. He en- 
gaged in agriculture for nearly two years, and made 
two successful trading expeditions to Memphis and 
New Orleans, on flat-boats, in the fall and winter 
of 1859 and 1860, and left New Orleans on the 21st 
day of March, 1861. In May, 1862, he located in 
Parkersburg, Va., and commenced the practice of 
law in good earnest. On the 4th of July, 1862, at 
Parkersburg, while the United States troops were 
thundering at the gates of Richmond, he made an 
oi-ation in favor of his candidate for the Presidency 
to a great multitude ; and his effort was so full 
of lofty patriotism that it called forth the loudest 
plaudits, and on request of the vast throng it was 
published. Although a Union man, he was a de- 
cided Democrat, and very conservative on all ques- 
tions involving the conduct of the war, and when 
that unhappy strife ended he was for general 



JOHNSON 



607 



JOHNSON 



amnesty and peace, and did much in the State of 
West Virginia, which was the " Child of the storm," 
to arrest and repeal the legislation against the re- 
turned Confederate soldiers. In 1870 he was 




JLDGE OKEV JO^NSO^. 

elected a member of the West Virginia senate. He 
was elected to the constitutional convention called 
by the Legislature of 1870, largely through his in- 
fluence, by a triumphant majority. He was a very 
active and distinguished member of this conven- 
tion, and when the new constitution was submitted 
to the people he was an eloquent advocate for its 
ratification, and it was adopted by a handsome ma- 
jority. 

In 1874 Marietta College conferred upon him 
the honorary degree of Master of Arts. From 
1860 to 1870 he was annually elected moderator 
of the Parkersburg Association. And he was re- 
peatedly elected president of the West Virginia 
Baptist Convention. Notwithstanding his political 
relations, he uniformly enjoyed the highest esteem 
of his brethren. His law practice was large and 
successful, rarely ever losing a case in the Supreme 
Court of Appeals. In 1876 he was nominated for 
the office of judge of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 
and elected for twelve years to that office, by a 
majority of 17,000 votes. He now holds that posi- 
tion, and fills it with fidelity and ability, and to the 
entire satisfaction of the people of West Virginia, 
by whom he is regarded as one of the purest men 
in the United States. 

Johnson, Col. Richard Mentor, son of Robert 
Johnson, was born at Bryant's Station, Fayette Co., 



Ky., Oct. 17, 1780. He studied law after finishing 
his literary education at Transylvania, and was 
admitted to the bar at the age of nineteen. He was 
elected to the Kentucky Legislature in his twenty- 
first year, and was a member of the U. S. Congress, 
1807-19. He accepted a colonel's commission, and 
was in active service in the war of 1812-15. In the 
battle of the Thames, Oct. 5, 1813, he rendered 
brilliant service, and was desperately wounded. 
He was, however, able to resume his seat in the 
House in February following. After serving sev- 
eral terms in the lower house of Congress, he was 
elected to the U. S. Senate in 1819, and remained 
a member of that body until 1829. After this he 
was again a member of the House in 1829-37. In 
1837 he was elected Vice-President of the United 
States by the Senate, the choice having devolved 
upon them under the Constitution. In March, 
1841, he retired to his farm in Scott County, where 
he spent the remainder of his life, except during 
two terms through M'hich he served in the Ken- 
tucky Legislature. He died at Frankfort, Nov. 19, 
1850, while a member of the Legislature. Col. 
Johnson appears to have been a member of Great 
Crossing church as early as 1801. 

Johnson, Col. Robert, the head of one of the 
most distinguished families in Kentucky, was a 
native of Virginia. He removed to Kentucky 
during the Revolution and settled at Bryant's Sta- 
tion, but shortly afterwards he settled near the 
present site of Georgetown, in Scott County, where 
he was the principal instrument in organizing 
Great Crossing Baptist church, of which he was a 
member. He was prominent in the councils of the 
Baptists in the early settlement of the country, con- 
spicuous as a leader in the Indian wars of the 
period, and a member of most of the councils of 
state. He was a member of the convention which 
formed the first constitution of Kentucky in 1792, 
and of that which formed the second constitution, 
in 1799. He was eight times elected to the Ken- 
tucky Legislature. Three of his sons were mem- 
bers of Congress from Kentucky, and several of his 
descendants have been members of Congress from 
other States. He died at a ripe old age at his resi- 
dence in Scott Co., Ky. 

Johnson, Rev. Thomas, was born in Georgia. 
He visited Missouri in 1799, and preached near 
Cape Girardeau : one person at his first service 
made a profession of faith and was baptized, a Mrs. 
Blair. This is said to have been the first believer 
immersed west of the ^Mississippi River, in Missouri. 
The baptism was administered in Randal's Creek, 
where, in 1797, a number of Baptists settled near 
the village of Jackson. Here they built the first 
Baptist house of worship in Missouri. It was 
of logs, and was erected in 1806. Around this 
old church are graves with rough tombstones, 



JOHNSON 



JOHNSON 



which mark the resting-place of the first Baptists, 
and the first Protestants in Missouri. 
Johnson, Rev. Thomas C, one of the best 

qualified and most successful ministers in the State, 
was born at Long Reach, Tyler Co., W. Va., Sept. 
18, 1848. He is next to the youngest of nineteen 
children of Wm. Johnson, of Mineral County. In 
1867 he entered college ; was baptized the follow- 
ing April by Rev. J. D. Griebel, and graduated in 
1872. He preached his first sermon in October, 
1871, and was licensed to preach by the Long 
Reach church in the summer of 1872. He entered 
Crozer Theological Seminary in the fall of 1872, 
and graduated in 1875. He then took charge of 
the Willow Island church, in "West Virginia, and 
the Valley church, in Ohio. He was ordained at 
Willow Island in 1875. 

In December, 1877, he became pastor of the Bap- 
tist church in Chai'leston, W. Va., at which place he 
is now located. The church was in a low and scat- 
tered condition and deeply in debt, but he has, in 
less than three years, been instrumental in greatly 
promoting its efficiency and in enlarging its mem- 
bership. 

Johnson, Rev. Thomas Thornton, was bom 

July 20, 1803, in Fauquier Co., Va. He was con- 
verted at the age of thirteen years, and baptized by 
Elder James Lugget, of Kentucky. He removed 
to Missouri in 1828. He contended for missionary 
principles against bitter opposition. Helped to 
form a missionary society in 1838, and labored 
much as a pastor, and was at home in protracted 
meetings. He was remarkably effective in exhorta- 
tions. He aided in the formation of many churches 
in Ralls, Pike, Lincoln, and Montgomery Counties. 
He died at Truxton, Mo., Feb. 25, 1877. 

Johnson, Rev. William, is a very remarkable 
man in some respects. He was born in Barnwell 
District, S. C, Jan. 9, 1803, and is related doubtless 
to Col. Richard M. Johnson, who killed Tecumseh 
in Kentucky. His father died before he was born, 
and his mother died when he was seventeen years 
old, at which time he was "bound" to a man in 
Augusta, Ga. 

Here he remained till nearly twenty-one years 
of age, when he disagreed with his master for the 
first time, and leaving him, returned to South Car- 
olina, and went to school a few months. He often 
quotes, — 

" No mother to nurse and to guide, 
No father to protect and provide, 
No fortune to shield from hunger and cold, 
A poor little orphan, cast on the world," 

as being almost literally true in his case. 

Elder Johnson was converted and baptized about 
1829, his baptism occurring at a branch of Darien 
church, and was performed by Prescott Bush, a 
Revolutionary soldier. He was ordained, while a 



member of Philippi church, by W. B. Johnson, 
D.D., Peter Galloway, John Landrum, and Joseph 
Morris. He was a constituent member in the or- 
ganization of the Edisto Association, and was its 
moderator several times. He removed to Florida 
in 1854, and joined Pleasant Grove church, in 
Alachua County, and at different times has served 
that church, and Wacahoota, Eliam, and Ockwilla, 
in the same county ; Paran, in Putnam County, 
and Providence, in Bradford County, besides aiding 
in building up some new churches. He aided in 
the formation of the Alachua Association, and has 
been perhaps its only moderator, and was for a few 
sessions moderator of Santa F6 River Association. 

Mr. Johnson is strong in body and mind. His 
ancestors were Irish, and from them he inherited a 
robust constitution and a fondness for humor. In 
his preaching his favorite themes are divine sover- 
eignty, election, grace, etc. He is a decided Bap- 
tist, and contends earnestly for the faith. He had 
a struggle before consenting to enter the ministry, 
and would never after take any civil office. 

Mr. Johnson has been a tower of strength in 
Florida, and is yet popular and exerting a good in- 
fluence, but he is not able to preach much. 

Johnson, W. B., D.D., was one of the most 
active and useful ministers that ever labored in 
South Carolina. " Soon after 1820" he was a 
member of the Saluda Association, and presided 
over its deliberations for a number of years. Sub- 
sequently he was the acting pastor at Edgefield 
Court-House, and a member of the Association 
bearing the name of his church, and of this Asso- 
ciation he was chosen moderator. 

The State Convention founded in 1821 had a very 
warm friend in Dr. Johnson. He was one of a 
committee of three who drafted its constitution. 
In 1822 he preached the introductory sermon, and 
prepared the address of the Convention to the 
churches, which was printed in the minutes of that 
year, a document of great ability, and penetrated 
by a thoroughly missionary and evangelical spirit. 
In 1823 he was elected vice-president of the Con- 
vention. In 1824 he preached the annual charity 
sermon, and in 1825 he was chosen president on 
the death of the honored Dr. Richard Furman, 
whose name is justly venerated in South Carolina, 
and by hosts of Baptists all over our country. Dr. 
Johnson held this position for a great many years, 
an office the duties of which were discharged not 
only by Dr. Richard Furman, but by Dr. Basil 
Manly, Chief-Justice O'Neall, and other distin- 
guished men. The reputation of Dr. Johnson 
spread over our whole country, and for three years 
he was president of our great national missionary 
society, "The Triennial Convention of the United 
States," and after the division in that body he was 
chosen the first president of the Southern Baptist 



JOHNSON 



609 



JOHNSTON 



Convention. In no section of our country was any 
Baptist minister more highly honored by his 
brethren. 

He was a solid and impressive preacher, deeply 




W. B. JOHNSOX, D.D. 

versed in the sacred writings, and full of his Mas- 
ter's spirit. He was very hospitable, and his life 
was blameless. To the Saviour he rendered noble 
service, which was fruitful in an unusual measure. 

Under Dr. Wayland's presidency Brown Univer- 
sity gave him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. 
He died at Greenville, S. C, in 1862, when he was 
about eighty years of age. 

The State Convention, in 1863, appointed its 
president. Dr. J. C. Furman, to preach a sermon 
" in honor of the memory of their venerable brother, 
the late Rev. W. B. Johnson, D.D.," and after the 
delivery of the discourse the Convention requested 
a copy for publication, and a committee was also 
appointed " to raise funds to erect a monument 
over his remains." 

Johnson, Hon. William Carey, son of Rev. 

Hezekiah Johnson, was born in Ohio, Oct. 27, 1833. 
In 1845 he removed to Oregon with his parents, 
and has since then lived at Oregon City. He re- 
ceived a good academic education ; was converted 
in 1854, and baptized by Rev. E. Fisher. He en- 
tered and attained a high position in the legal pro- 
fession, and in 1866 became State senator. In 1868 
he was married to Miss Josephine De Vore, the 
first woman to win the degree of A.B. on the Pacific 
coast, graduating with honor from the full course 
of Willamette University, at Salem, Oregon, in 



1868. Mr. Johnson has continued one of the most 
active laymen in the work of the Baptists in his 
State, clerk of the Willamette Association, and for 
many years its moderator. In his church at Oregon 
City he has a leading infiuence, and in its Sunday- 
school is a devoted Bible-class teacher and superin- 
tendent. 
Johnston, Judge James William, was born in 

1791 ; studied law in Annapolis, Nova Scotia, and 
became distinguished in his profession ; was con- 
verted and baptized in Halifax, Nova Scotia; 
strongly supported the educational movement which 
commenced among the Baptists of Nova Scotia in 
1828, which resulted in the establishment of Horton 
Academy in 1829, and Acadia College in January, 
1839 ; represented Annapolis County in the Pro- 
vincial Parliament for twenty years ; was leader of 
the government and attorney-general for several 
years; became, in 1865, judge of the Supreme 
Court, Nova Scotia, and judge in equity. James 
W. Johnston possessed a gigantic mind, unsullied 
integrity, indomitable energy, commanding elo- 
quence, and Christian humility. On the death of 
Gov. Howe, Judge Johnston was appointed to suc- 
ceed him as governor of Nova Scotia, but death 
interposed his veto Nov. 21, 1873. 

Johnston, Judge James W., a son of Judge 
James W. Johnston, graduated from Acadia Col- 
lege in 1843 ; studied law with his father, and prac- 
tised his profession in Halifax for many years ; 
was appointed judge of the Halifax County Court 
in 1877, and performs his duties with ability. 
Judge Johnston is a member of the Dartmouth 
Baptist church. 

Johnston, Col. John W., was born at Paltons- 
burg, Botetourt Co., Va., July 6, 1839. Having 
received his early intellectual training in the neigh- 
boring schools, he entered upon and finished his 
studies in law in Lexington, Va., and afterwards 
prosecuted his profession with great success. At 
the beginning of the war he entered the Confederate 
service, first as second lieutenant of riflemen of the 
48th Regiment Va. Militia, and a few weeks after 
became second lieutenant of the 28th Va. In- 
fantry, Provisional army of the C. S. A. Near 
the close of 1861 he became first lieutenant of An- 
derson's Battel y, Light Artillery, and in the early 
part of 1863, captain of the Botetourt Artillery. 
During this year he served also as captain and in- 
spector-general of artillery on Maj.-Gen. C. L. Ste- 
venson's stafi". During 1864 he held the position 
of major of artillery in the P. A. C. S., and until 
April, 1865, was in command of a battalion of light 
artillery, in all these positions he displayed the 
highest ability. During the sessions of 1875-77 
Col. Johnston was a member of the house of del- 
egates of Virginia from Botetourt County, and 
served with marked efficiency. April 24, 1877, he 



JOHNSTON 



610 



JONES 



was elected president of the James River and Kana- 
wha Company, and also president of the Buchanan 
and Clifton Forge Railway Company. Col. Johns- 
ton is a member of the Buchanan Baptist church, 
and actively engaged in all movements designed 
for the advancement and strengthening of the de- 
nomination. 

Johnston, Rev. Jonas, was born in Beaufort 
Co., S. C, March 11, 1821; received a sound aca- 
demic education ; was converted and baptized in 
August, 1846. After ordination ministered to the 
following churches: Lawtonville, S. C. ; Anderson, 
Bedias, Danville, Waverly, Bethel, Montgomery, 
Huntsville, Ebenezer, Planterville, and Navisota, 
Texas. He has been prospered in his worldly 
business beyond most ministers of the gospel, but 
at the same time he has been a laborious and very 
successful preacher, exerting extended influence and 
commanding general esteem. He is now the busi- 
ness manager of the Texas Baptist Herald, and is 
efficiently promoting the great educational and mis- 
sionary operations of Texas. He is a sound theo- 
logian and an able counselor. 

Jones, Rev. C. B. — For nearly twenty years the 
Baptist denomination in Florida had the valuable 
labors, influence, and advice of Rev. Charles B. 
Jones, who was born on "Wilmington Island, near 
Savannah, Ga., in the year 1798, and died at Pa- 
latka, Fla., March 5, 1879. " In early life he was 
of a generous and jovial disposition, having plenty 
of money, and withal possessing a commanding 
personal appearance, he was not only a favorite, 
but an acknowledged leader among his associates." 

He was deeply convicted by the killing of an 
uncle in a duel, he being present at the scene. He 
was soon after converted, and he united with the 
First Baptist church in Savannah. In a short time 
he began to preach, and was popular. He fre- 
quently filled the pulpit of the First Baptist church 
of Savannah during the annual vacations of the 
pastor, and at one time was its pastor. He was 
greatly beloved by ail the churches he served. 

" Few men could present the doctrines of the 
gospel with greater power. His favorite theme was 
the love of Christ, and when speaking upon this 
his countenance would become radiant, and he 
would seem to be almost inspired." 

Upon going to Florida he settled in Marion 
County, and was for a time pastor of the church at 
Ocala. Soon after the close of the late war he 
moved to Palatka, where he labored as a missionary 
of the Northern Home Mission Society, preaching 
in Palatka and the surrounding country. Mr. 
Jones was a man of general intelligence and a 
ready use of language. He was tall, with a fine 
head, and a countenance that was a true index of 
his generous heart and noble impulses. 

Perhaps his crowning gift was his power of con- 



versation, in which he was ready, easy, and ex- 
pressed himself in language well chosen, beautiful, 
and chaste. He was always welcome in every cir- 
cle, and exerted a powerful social influence. 

Jones, Rev. David, A.M., chaplain in the 

Continental army, was born in White Clay Creek 
Hundred, Newcastle Co., Del., May 12, 1736. His 
parents were Morgan and Eleanor (Evans) Jones, 
and his grandparents were David and Esther 
(Morgan) Jones. Esther Jones was a sister of 
Enoch and Abel Morgan, well known Baptist min- 
isters, who were children of Morgan ap Rhyddarch, 
a famous Baptist minister, who resided in Llan- 
wenog. South "Wales. Mr. Jones was baptized 
May 6, 1758, joined the Welsh Tract Baptist 
church, and was one of the pupils of Isaac Eaton, 
at Hopewell Academy, N. J., but studied divinity 
with his cousin, Abel Morgan, at Middletown, 
N. J. He was ordained Dec. 12, 1766, as pastor 
of the Freehold Baptist church, Monmouth Co., 
N. J. While there he was impressed with a de- 
sire to preach the gospel to the Indians, and was 
the first Baptist missionary among that people. 




REV. DAVID JONES, A.M. 

No doubt the example of David Brainard influenced 
his heart, and the wretched condition of the poor 
red men for this and for the future life prompted 
his course. They then occupied what is now the 
State of Ohio, and he made them two visits. 
His first began May 4, 1772, and ended in Au- 
gust; his second began Oct. 26, 1772, and ended 
in April, 1773. He kept a journal of his mis- 
sionary labors, which was published in 1773, and 
was reprinted in New York by J. Sabin, in 1865. 
Mr. Jones continued his pastorate at the village 
of Freehold until his outspoken views in favor of 
the rights of Arnericans rendered him unpopular, 



JONES 



JONES 



and ia April, 1775, he became pastor of the Great 
Valley church, Chester Co., Pa. In that year the 
Continental Congress recommended a day of fasting 
and pi-ayer, and he preached a sermon before Col. 
Dewees's regiment, entitled " Defensive War in a 
Just Cause Sinless," which was printed and exten- 
sively circulated. He took high ground even at 
that early day in favor of independence. In 1776 
he was appointed a chaplain in Col. St. Clair's 
regiment, and was at Ticonderoga, where, just be- 
fore battle, he delivered a patriotic address, which 
roused the courage" of the soldiers to a high degi-ee. 
Subsequently he served under Gen. Horatio Gates 
and Gen. Wayne, and was in many battles, and 
always proved himself to be a wise counselor and 
a devoted patriot. He was at the Paoli massacre, 
and narrowly escaped death. While the army 
was at Valley Forge he frequently showed his 
devotion to the cause, and was highly trusted by 
Washington. When news arrived that France had 
recognized our independence, he preached an ap- 
propriate sermon to the troops at the Forge. He 
continued in the army until the capitulation at 
Yorktown, and then retired to his farm in East 
Town, Chester Co., adjoining the farm of his old 
commander, Gen. Wayne. In 1786 he became 
pastor of the Southampton church, Bucks Co., 
where he remained until 1792, when he returned 
to the Valley church, with which he remained, part 
of the time as senior pastor, until his death. When 
Gen. Wayne was appointed to the command of the 
army, and undertook to put down the Indians 
in the Northwestern Territory, he induced Mr. 
Jones to accompany him as chaplain, and he acted 
in that capacity during 1794-95-96, and was pres- 
ent at the treaty of Greenville. When the war of 
1812 broke out, although seventy-six years of age, 
he again volunteered his services, and was ap- 
pointed chaplain by his old companion in arms, 
Gen. John Armstrong, then Secretary of War, and 
he served under Gens. Brown and Wilkinson until 
peace was declared. He then retired to his farm 
and devoted himself to its cultivation, and also to 
arboriculture, of which he was very fond. He thus 
passed the evening of a busy life, varying it with 
visits to his relatives, both near and far, preaching 
wherever he went, and often writing for the press 
on public affairs, in which he never ceased to take 
a deep interest. 

Mr. Jones was a prominent member of the Phila- 
delphia Baptist Association, of which he was mod- 
erator in the year 1798, and was often appointed on 
committees to answer queries or to settle difficul- 
ties among the churches. When the great Win- 
chester defection occurred in the church of Phila- 
delphia, and a majority of the members followed 
Elhanan Winchester, who had become a Universal- 
ist, or as he was then called a Restorationist, Mr. 



Jones was one of the ministers appointed by the 
church to advise them in their troubles. 

Mr. Jones died at his farm, Feb. 5, 1820, in the 
eighty-fourth year of his age, and was buried at the 
Valley church-yard. The funeral services were 
conducted by Rev. Thomas Roberts, Rev. Wm. E. 
Ashton, and Rev. William Latta. The Rev. Dr. 
William Rogers delivered a funeral sermon on the 
next Sunday. The following notice of Mr. Jones 
appeared in Poulson's Daily Advertiser : 

" In sketching the character of this venerable 
servant of the Cross, truth requires us to say that 
he was an eminent man. Throughout the whole 
of his protracted and eventful life Mr. Jones was 
peculiarly distinguished for the warmth of his 
friendship, the firmness of his patriotism, the sin- 
cerity and ardor of his piety, and the faithfulness 
of his ministry. In the army of the Revolution he 
was a distinguished chaplain, and was engaged in 
the same arduous duties during the last war. As 
a scholar he was accurate ; possessing a mind of 
superior texture, he embellished it with the beau- 
ties of classical literature and the riches of general 
science. The Fellowship of Brown University, in 
the year 1774, as a testimony of respect for his 
learning and talents, conferred upon him the degree 
of Master of Arts." 

In early life he studied medicine, and his services 
during the wars were often called for, and, although 
not a physician, yet he frequently prescribed when 
applied to. 

Mr. Jones was the author of several works: 1st. 
A journal of two visits made to some nations of 
Indians on the west side of the River Ohio, in the 
years 1772 and 1773. 2d. A treatise on the work 
of the Holy Spirit. 3d. A treatise on laying on 
of hands. 4th. Another on the same subject, in 
reply to a broadside of Rev. Samuel Jones, D.D. 
5th. " Peter Edwards' Candid Reasons examined." 

Mr. Jones was married Feb. 22, 1762, to Anne, 
daughter of Joseph and Sarah Stilwell, of Middle- 
town, N. J., and had issue : 1st. Morgan, who died 
near Wheeling, Va. 2d. Eleanor, who married John 
Garrett, and died at Garrettsville, 0. 3d. Mary, 
who married Archibald McClean. 4th. Horatio 
Gates Jones, who died at Philadelphia. All his 
children left issue. 

In danger he knew no fear, in fervent patriotism 
he had no superiors and few equals, in the Revo- 
lutionary struggle he was a tower of strength, es- 
pecially in the section now known as the Middle 
States, and in piety he was a Christian without 
reproach. 

Jones, Rev. David, was born in Wales, in April, 
1785. Though bearing the same name, this is not 
the heroic David Jones, the Pennsylvania chaplain 
in the Revolutionary war. He landed in Philadel- 
phia in 1803, when the yellow fever was raging; 



JONES 



JONES 



he went to Ohio., and more than two years after- 
wards he was baptized into the fellowship of the 
Columbia church, near Cincinnati. He studied 
under Dr. Samuel Jones, of Lower Dublin, Pa., for 
some time. In January, 1814, he took pastoral 
charge of the church of Newark, N. J., where the 
Lord revived the church and converted many souls 
through his ministry. In 1821 he succeeded Dr. 
Samqel Jones as pastor of the Lower Dublin church, 
and he continued to serve it until the Lord took 
him home ; in this church the Great Shepherd gave 
him several revivals, in one of which, in 1831, he 
baptized 65 persons, though the population around 
was small. He died April 9, 1833, in the enjoy- 
ment of a blessed hope through his Saviour's blood. 

Jones, Rev. Evan, was born at Brecknockshire, 
"Wales, in May, 1789. Previous to his coming to 
this country he was for thirteen years a merchant 
in London. He was appointed by the board of the 
Baptist Triennial Convention, July 24, 1821, a mis- 
sionary among the Cherokee Indians. For several 
years before the removal of the Cherokees from 
North Carolina Mr. Jones labored with great suc- 
■ cess among them, establishing churches and schools, 
and proving that some of the Indian tribes of this 
country can be civilized and Christianized. In 
1838, in carrying out the treaty of New Echota, the 
Cherokees were removed to what was known as the 
Western Territory, and Mr. Jones followed his flock 
to their new home, and in two years after their re- 
jmoval 130 persons were baptized and a new church 
formed. Mr. Jones's connection with the Chero- 
kees covered a period of fifty years. It is said that 
" the confidence in which he was held by them was 
never impaired." He died at Tahlequah, Aug. 18, 
1873, having reached the age of eighty-three years 
and three months. " He was a man of quiet home 
virtues, of unostentatious life, and of such purity 
of character that even suspicion presumed not to 
tarnish it." 

Jones, Rev. F. H., was bom in Surry Co., N. C, 
Sept. 4, 1836 ; educated at Union Academy, Davie 
Co., Beulah Institute, and Yadkin Institute ; bap- 
tized by Rev. C. W. Bessant; has done much mis- 
sionary work ; is now pastor of the Yanceyville 
church, moderator of the Beulah Association, and 
the leading man in that body. 

Jones, Rev. G. S., was born in Pasquotank Co., 
N. C, Dec. 23, 1837 ; graduated at Wake Forest 
College in 1860; ordained in 1861, Revs. T. B. 
Justice, Thomas Stradley, and Dr. J. D. Hufham 
forming the Presbytery ; served the Hendersonville 
church as pastor from 1861 to 1868, since which 
time he has been in the employ of the American 
Sunday-School Union, and has organized and aided 
about 900 schools. 

Jones, Rev. Henry V., was born in North 
Feb. 24, 1808. Left an orphan when four 



years old, he went to live with an uncle in London. 
After attending an academy, he entered mercantile 
life at seventeen. He was converted and baptized 
in August, 1826, into the fellowship of the Dean 
Street church, London, and was disowned by his 
uncle (an Episcopalian) the next day. He came to 
America in 1831, and was ordained in New York 
State, April 8, 1835. His first pastorate was in 
Palmyra. He held important positions in New 
York, New England, and New Jersey. In the latter 
State he accomplished a great work. When he 
took charge of the First church in Newark the 
cause was very low. Differences of doctrine and 
diverse views as to measures among the members 
had long prevented growth. Under his genial and 
loving preaching and administration union was 
secured, the congregation more than filled the house, 
a building for the South church was begun, and a 
colony was designated to occupy the new house. 
This was the beginning of church extension in 
Newark, and Mr. Jones was a moving spirit in the 
work. His health requiring a change, he accepted 
a call to the old church at Piscataway, N. J., where 
he spent six years of loving, successful labor. 
After good work was done at Rondout and West 
Troy, N. Y., and Noank, Conn., he served the 
church at Princeton, N. J. His brethren felt that 
his qualifications to incite the churches to benevo- 
lent work ought to be more extensively used, and 
he was persuaded to accept the position of district 
secretary of the Home Mission Society. He also 
acted at other times as financial secretary of Ped- 
die Institute and South Jersey Institute, collecting 
large sums for these schools. He was a clear, 
sound, solid preacher, having the Welsh power of 
illustration blended with the sober judgment of a 
master in Scripture doctrine. He was a valuable 
helper in the First church, New Brunswick, of 
which he was a member the last seven years of his 
life. His last sermon was at the old church at 
Piscataway, on Sunday, June 16, 1878. He 
preached with great power, and seemed to be in 
usual health. The next evening, after two hours' 
sickness, he went to his heavenly home. A prom- 
inent periodical well spoke of him as " a man of 
strong common sense, singular magnanimity and 
devotedness, and great purity of character." 

Jones, Hon. Horatio Gates, A.M., the young- 
est son of Horatio Gates Jones, D.D., was born 
Jan. 19, 1822, in Roxborough, Philadelphia. He 
graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 
1841 ; was admitted to the Philadelphia bar in 
May, 1847 ; formed an acquaintance early in life 
with the annalist of Philadelphia, John F. Watson, 
which in a great measure gave tone to the future 
studies of his life ; in 1848 became a member of 
the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and in 1849 
its secretary, a position which he held for eighteen 



JONES 



JONES 



years, and in 1867 he was chosen one of its vice- 
presidents, and still holds that office ; in 1856 he 
became connected with the Welsh Society of Phil- 
adelphia, of which he is now president ; in 1858 
he was elected clerk of the Philadelphia Baptist 
Association, and filled the office for fifteen years, 
when he was chosen moderator. He has been 
president of the board of trustees of the Phila- 
delphia Association for thirteen years. He was 
elected in 1865 by the councils of Philadelphia a 
director of Girard College. He has been secretary 
of the board of trustees of Crozer Theological 
Seminary for thirteen years. In 1874 he was 
elected to the State senate from Philadelphia, and 
re-elected in 1876 and in 1878. Mr. Jones is a 
member of the historical societies of Rhode Island, 
New York, Delaware, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and 
Florida ; and also of the Moravian Historical So- 
ciety, the New England Historic Genealogical So- 
ciety, and the American Antiquarian Society ; and 
in 1877 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the 
Royal Historical Society of Great Britain. 

Mr. Jones was largely interested in the organi- 
zation of the Baptist Home of Philadelphia, and 
he has been secretary of its board of trustees from 
its establishment. 

Mr. Jones united with the Lower Merion church 
in 1840, of which his father was pastor, and he 
still remains a member of it. 

He is the author of a number of valuable works, 
which show great research and literary ability. 

In the senate of Pennsylvania, while not neglect- 
ing other interests of the State, he has devoted 
much time to religious liberty ; his aim has been to 
secure freedom from the penalties of the Sunday 
law of April 22, 1794, for all persons who observed 
the seventh day as the Sabbath. In 1876-77-78- 
79, and in 1880, he introduced bills for this purpose 
into the senate, and though on each occasion he 
was defeated, yet the vote in favor of his motion 
was always larger. Mr. Jones cherishes an en- 
thusiastic love for Baptist soul liberty ; he under- 
stands the subject thoroughly, his efibrts on its 
behalf have been well planned and valiant ; and 
ultimate victory is certain under his generous lead- 
ership. He might justly be called the American 
champion of religious liberty. 

Mr. Jones has an enviable reputation, an extensive 
influence, an unselfish disposition, and a heart full 
of love for his Master, his truth, and his servants. 

Jones, Horatio Gates, D.D., of Roxborough, 
Philadelphia, Pa., youngest son of Rev. David 
Jones, of the Great Valley church, was born Feb. 
11, 1777, at East Town, Chester Co., Pa., and 
passed his early youth there and at Southampton, 
Bucks Co. Afteir acquiring such education as the 
schools there could give, when nineteen he was 
placed under the care of Rev. Burgiss Allison, D.D., 



who was principal of an academy at Bordentown, 
N. J. The celebrated Dr. Stoughton was one of 
the teachers, and the acquaintance then formed 
ripened into a friendship which lasted through life. 
The system of instruction was quite varied, and the 
attendance of many French refugees was of great 
advantage to the students, who could thereby ac- 
quire a knowledge of French. On his return from 
school, Mr. Jones devoted himself to farming. He 
also mingled in politics, and, being a fluent speaker, 
he soon acquired a prominent position, even before 
he had attained his majority. But about this time 
his mind was directed to religious concerns, and he 
made a public profession of his faith June 24, 1798, 
and became a member of the Valley church. He 
soon began to exercise his gifts as a speaker, and 
the church being satisfied with his efforts, licensed 
him to preach Sept. 26, 1801. The young man had 
before him the prospect of political preferment if 
he remained in civil life, but convictions of duty 
made him sacrifice all such aspirations, and he en- 
tered on his new work with an energy which proved 
the earnestness of his purpose. He preached in 
Chester and Delaware Counties, and also in the 
State of Delaware, where his Welsh ancestors 
had settled nearly a century before. Having 
been invited to preach at Salem, N. J., he visited 
that church, of which Rev. Isaac Skillman, D.D., 
had been pastor. His labors were appreciated, and 
on Feb. 13, 1802, he was ordained, and labored in 
Salem until April, 1805, when he was obliged to 
leave on account of enfeebled health ; the climate 
not suiting him. He removed to a farm in Rox- 
borough, Philadelphia, and preached every Lord's 
day, where an opening was had. Among other 
places he preached in " Thomson's Meeting-House," 
in Lower Merion, Montgomery Co., which belonged 
to Hon. Charles Thomson, first secretary of the 
Continental Congress. Mr. Thomson was a highly- 
educated man, had once been a tutor in the College 
of Philadelphia, was a thorough Greek scholar, and 
is well known as a translator of the Bible. He 
gave Mr. Jones a warm welcome, and in many 
ways exhibited an interest in the preaching of the 
gospel in that neighborhood. Although residing 
six miles from the meeting-house, yet he was gen- 
erally the first person there, and for a period of 
three years he continued his labors without any 
signs of success. But in May, 1808, he was privi- 
leged to baptize the first convert in a small dam on 
Mill Creek, which he erected the previous day 
with his own hands. Other hopeful conversions 
and baptisms followed, until on Sept. 11, 1808, the 
Lower Merion Baptist church was organized with 
19 members, with Mr. Jones as pastor. Rev. AVil- 
liam Rogers, D.D., and Rev. William Stoughton, 
D.D., officiated on the occasion. In two years' time 
a meeting-house was built on a lot of ground the 



JONES 



JONES 



gift of Mr. Thomson, who, although a Presbyte- 
rian, ever continued to attend the Merion church, 
until over ninety years of age, and proved himself 
a warm friend of Mr. Jones. Notwithstanding Mr. 
Jones was a laborious minister, and was constant 
in visitations among his people, yet he took a deep 
interest in civil affairs, and to the close of his life 
filled many important posts of honor, but none of 
profit. For more than twenty years he was a di- 
rector of the Bank of Germantown, and director 
and controller of the public schools. 

In 1814, when the Baptist Board of Foreign 
Missions was organized in Philadelphia, he was 
present, aided in its formation, was one of the 
Board of Managers, and for many years acted as 
secretary of the board. He was warmly interested 
in the cause of education, and especially the edu- 
cation of young, men for the ministry. It was 
chiefly through his influence that the Philadelphia 
Association was induced to organize a manual 
labor school at Haddington, Philadelphia Co., 
which afterwards became Haddington College. As 
long as the college existed he was president of its 
board of trustees, and spared neither time nor 
money in promoting its interests. In 1812, Brown 
University conferred on him the degree of Master 
of Arts, and in 1852 the university at Lewisburg 
bestowed on him their first degree of Doctor of Di- 
vinity, he being at the time the chancellor of the in- 
stitution. In 1829 Mr. Jones was chosen president 
of the trustees of the Philadelphia Baptist Associa- 
tion, and he held that honorable position until 1853, 
a period of twenty -four years. He was chosen mod- 
ei-ator of the Association in 1816 and 1822, and was 
clerk in 1808, 1810, 1813, 1815, and 1835. 

The Lower Merion church, of which he was the 
first pastor, continued under his care for a period of 
forty-five years. It assisted all the benevolent and 
missionary organizations as they arose, and it was 
owing to a query from this church to the Associa- 
tion, that the Baptist State Convention, now known 
as the Pennsylvania Baptist General Association, 
for missionary purposes, was organized. Dr. Jones 
continued his active duties until 1845, when his 
health began to fail ; but still he would not consent 
to give up his pastorate. And so he continued to 
preach and pray for his beloved Merion until called 
home to his reward on high, on the 12th of Decem- 
ber, 1853, in his seventy-seventh year. 

Mr. Jones was twice married, first to Miss Esther 
Righter, by whqm he had three children, — Hon. 
John Riehter Jones, Ellen Maria, married to Rev. 
George Higgins, Hetty Ann Jones, all of whom are 
deceased. His second wife was Miss Deborah 
Levering, and by her he had issue, — Sarah, mar- 
ried to Hon. Anthony D. Levering, Col. Charles 
Thomson Jones, Nathan Levering Jones, died 
April J 9, 1879, leaving issue, Horatio Gates Jones. 



Jones, Rev. Howard Malcom, son of the mis- 
sionary. Rev. John Taylor Jones, D.D., was born 
in Bangkok, Siam. He was a graduate of Brown 
University in the class of 1853, and of Newton 
Theological Institution in the class of 1857. He 
was ordained pastor of the church in Schoolcraft, 
Mich., in 1858, where he remained one year, and 
then went to Racine, Wis., where he was a pastor 
four years. On leaving the Racine church, he 
settled in Fredonia, N. Y., where he was pastor 
six years, and then accepted a call to Bristol, R. I. 
Since 1869, Mr. Jones has been preaching in Bristol 
with much acceptance. 

Jones, Hugh, D.D., president of Llangollen 
College, Wales, was born in Bodedern, Anglesea, 
July 10, 1831. He became the subject of religious 
convictions while yet a boy. When about twelve 
years of age he connected himself with the Welsh 
Calvinistic Methodist Church. In his sixteenth 
year he removed to the neighborhood of Llanfach- 
reth, where the Baptists had a stronghold. His 
associations with them led him for the first time to 
examine the New Testament on the subject of bap;; 
tism, and the result was his conversion to the Bap- 
tist faith. He was baptized in the river Alaw by 
the Rev. Robert D. Roberts in his seventeenth year. 
His abilities were soon discovered by the brother- 
hood at Llanfachreth, and he was urged to exercise 
his gifts as a preacher. Having spent some time 
in the grammar-school of the neighborhood, he 
entered Haverford West College in June, 1853. 
His progress in this institution was such as to com- 
mand particular mention. In Hebrew, mathe- 
matics, and the classics he was the distinguished 
student of his class. In May, 1857, he settled as 
pastor over the Baptist church at Llandudno, Caer- 
narvonshire. In a little over two years he was 
enabled greatly to strengthen the cause, leaving 
them on account of ill health in October, 1859. 

In the same month he became co-pastor with the 
Rev. John Prichard, D.D., at Llangollen. This 
fellowship of service was most fruitful of good. 
The elder and the younger were true yoke-fellows 
in Christ. They had joint charge of the Welsh 
and English churches of Llangollen, as well as of 
a branch church at Glyndyfedwy, Merionethshire. 

In 1862 the North Wales Baptist College was 
instituted at Llangollen, with Dr. Prichard as pres- 
ident, and Mr. Jones as classical and mathematical 
tutor. In 1866, Dr. Prichard resigned, and Mr. 
Jones became president, a position which he still 
holds with acknowledged efliciency. 

Dr. Jones has not confined himself to his col- 
legiate and ministerial duties. Some of the most 
valuable productions in the Welsh language are 
from his able pen. In 1862 he issued a small book 
on " The Mode and Subjects of Baptism, with the 
History of the Rise of Infant Baptism and Sprink- 



JONES 



615 



JONES 



ling," which has been widely read. In 1863 there 
appeared a volume on " The Act of Baptism, or an 
Enquiry into the Mode of Baptism." An abbre- 
viated edition of this book has appeared in English, 
and has been very well received. It is in the Welsh 
language what Carson is in the English. Its ex- 
cellence and value are universally recognized. 
Another volume which has been a rich boon to the 
Welsh people is a musterly production on " The 
Bible and its Interpretation, or an Introduction to 
the Holy Scriptures." Dr. Jones has done himself 
great credit both in the conception and execution 
of this work. It will do for the Bible-loving Welsh 
people what no other book could. There was 
nothing more needed in the vernacular of the prin- 
cipality than a scholarly treatise on Bible exegesis, 
and Dr. Jones has supplied the need in a manner 
that cannot fail to command the gratitude of every 
lover of the Book of books in the land. Several 
other minor productions have been issued from Dr. 
Jones's pen that have taken a high place in his 
country's literature: "The Church of Christ," 
being the inaugural address from the chair of the 
Welsh Baptist Union, 1876 ; " The History of the 
Protestant Reformation in Great Britain, with 
Special Reference to Wales ;" " Popery : its His- 
tory and Characteristics, with the Remedy Against 
It," being the inaugural address from the chair of 
the Welsh Baptist Union for 1877. He has also 
written many essays and sermons for the Welsh 
periodicals, together with a Commentary on Eccles- 
iastes for Mr. Gee, of Denbigh's family Bible. 

Few men of this generation have done more to 
enlighten and elevate their countrymen than Dr. 
Hugh Jones, of Llangollen. His writings have all 
been of a sterling character. 

Jones, Rev. Jenkin, was born about 1690, in 
Wales, and he came to this country in 1710. He 
took charge of the First church of Philadelphia, 
May 15, 1746, at the time the church was " recon- 
stituted." Previous to that time the Philadelphia 
body was only a branch of the Lower Dublin 
church, and of it Mr. Jones had been pastor for 
twenty-one years. He died July 16, 1761. 

Mr. Jones was " a good man," and performed 
valuable service to his church and denomination ; 
he was the cause of changing the marriage laws 
of the colony, so that "dissenting" ministers might 
celebrate marriages ; he built a parsonage largely 
at his own expense ; he left " a legacy towards 
purchasing a silver cup for the Lord's table which 
is worth £60. His name is engraven upon it." 

Jones, Rev. John, an eloquent colored Baptist 
minister, long pastor of the First African Baptist 
church in Shreveport, La., was a native of North 
Carolina, and came to Shreveport under the pro- 
tection of Deacon John N. Howell about 1840. He 
was ordained in 1856 by a Presbytery consisting 



of Dr. W. H. Stokes, George Tucker, Jesse Lee, 
and A. J. Rutherford. In the early part of the 
civil war a law was passed requiring all free per- 
sons of color, not natives, to leave the State. Un- 
der the operation of this law he went to Ohio, but 
his loss was soon felt, and it was known that he 
could do more than all the police in keeping the 
Africans in order ; consequently a special act of 
the Legislature was passed inviting his return, the 
terms of which he accepted, to the great joy of the 
people of both races. He was often invited to 
preach to the whites, and always drew large and 
interested audiences. He died in 1877, much re- 
gretted. 

Jones, John Emlyn, LL.D., was born in the 
town of Newcastle, Emlyn, Caermarthenshire, 
Wales, on the 8th of January, 1820, and died at 
Ebbeo Vale on the 18th of January, 1873. He 
was a man of commanding presence and oratorical 
ability. He wa.s editor at different times of the two 
leading organs of the Baptists of Wales. He was 
a voluminous contributor to various Welsh peri- 
odicals. He translated into the Welsh language 
Gill's Commentary and Hamilton's Grammar, and 
he wrote "The History of Great Britain for the 
Past Half-Century." During the last years of his 
life he was engaged in a work in the Welsh lan- 
guage called " The History of the World," one vol- 
ume of which was published, and he had written 
about half of the other. He was likewise a poet of 
no mean order. He won during his lifetime a large 
number of prizes for poetical compositions, ^^t 
the Abergavenny Eisteddfod, in 1838, he was in- 
vested with the degree of B.B.D. (Bard by Privilege 
and Usage). At the Denbigh National Eistedd- 
fod, in 1860, he won the chair, with the accom- 
panying prize, for the best ode on the " Pentecost," 
also at Llanerchymedd for the best ode on " Time." 
Among his poetical productions, " The Poor Man's 
Grave" is regai-ded for its pathos, simplicity, and 
heart-touching effect as equal to anything of its 
kind in the literature of the country. 

Jones, Judge John Richter, the eldest son of 

Rev. Horatio Gates Jones, was born in Salem, N. J., 
Oct. 2, 1803, and was educated at the Germantown 
Academy, and was graduated from the University 
of Pennsylvania in the year 1821. He was ad- 
mitted to the Philadelphia bar Nov. 17, 1827. For 
many years he was one of the judges of the Court 
of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, during 
which time he lived at Roxborough. On retiring 
from the bench he settled in Sullivan Co., Pa. 
When the late war began he felt it to be his duty 
to devote himself to the service of his country, and 
with all the patriotic ardor of his renowned grand- 
father. Rev. David Jones, of the Continental army, 
Judge Jones immediately raised a regiment, the 
58th Penna. Vols., of which he was commissioned 



JONES 



JONES 



colonel. He sought as soon as possible for active 
service, and was ordered to Norfolk, Va., and finally 
■was sent to Newbern, N. C, where he soon 
achieved much renown for the boldness of his at- 
tacks. He did not know what fear was, and hence 
sought for the place of greatest danger. One of his 
last and most successful marches was made in May, 
1863, against a force which had encamped at a 
place called Gum Swamp. He had placed at his 
command a number of regiments, over which he 
exercised the power of acting brigadier-general. 
After a long and arduous march he succeeded in cap- 
turing the whole of the force without losing a single 
man. But the song of victory was soon changed 
into a wail of sorrow, for shortly after his return 
to camp at Newbern his troops were attacked, and 
placing himself at the head of a force to reconnoitre, 
he was suddenly shot through the heart, and died 
without a groan. Most truly can it be said of him, 
Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. Judge Jones 
was a devout Christian, and was a member of the 
Lower Merion church. He was a classical scholar, 
and carried with him to the camp his Septuagint 
version of the Old Testament, which he was accus- 
tomed to read daily. His death occurred May 23, 
1863. 

Jones, John Taylor, D.D., was born at New 
Ipswich, N. H., July 16, 1802. He joined the 
Congregational church in Ashby, Mass., when he 
was but fifteen years of age. He graduated at Am- 
herst in 1825, and studied theology at Andover, 
where his views underwent a change on the mode 
and subjects of baptism, in consequence of which 
he thought it would be more expedient for him to 
complete his course of study at Newton. He was 
baptized by Rev. Dr. Malcom in 1828, and be- 
came a member of the Federal Street church, in 
Boston. He was appointed a missionary to Bur- 
mah, and reached Maulmain in February, 1861. 
He immediately addressed himself with great zeal 
to his missionary work. He was able to preach 
both in the Burman and the Taling languages be- 
fore many months had elapsed. Believing that 
there was a favorable opportunity to preach to the 
Talings in the kingdom of Siam, it was decided by 
the board that Dr. Jones was the most suitable 
person to make the effort. To cai-ry out this pur- 
pose he went to Bangkok. Providence soon pointed 
out to him what was to be his special mission to 
Siam. It was to translate the New Testament 
into the tongue of that country. He engaged in 
this congenial occupation with the greatest interest, 
and completed the work upon which he had set his 
heart in October, 1843. Meanwhile, circumstances 
brought him to his native land, where he remained 
for a short time, and then returned to the scene of 
his labors. Again, in 1846, the state of his wife's 
health led to another visit. He spent a year in 



this country,' presenting everywhere, as opportu- 
nity offered, the claims of foreign missions to the 
churches, and in 1847 he returned to his post of 
labor. In Bangkok he was regarded with the 
highest respect. We are told that " the magis- 
trates, and even the king, did not hesitate to con- 
sult him in cases of difficulty." He continued at 
his favorite work as a translator, and in the prepa- 
ration of many books which he hoped would be 
useful to the natives. In the summer of 1851 he 
had an attack of dysentery, which so prostrated 
him that he died September 13, being a few weeks 
over forty-nine years of age. 

His associates in missionary labor place Dr. 
Jones very high on the list of those who have de- 
voted themselves to the services of Christ in the 
foreign field. His great work, the translation of 
the New Testament into the Siamese language, 
says Dr. Dean, " compares favorably with the 
translation of the New Testament made in any of 
the Asiatic languages, including the life-work of 
such men as Carey, Marshman, Judson, and Mor- 
rison, and their worthy successors." He adds, " I 
have met men on the missionary field who exhibited 
some stronger points of character, and some par- 
ticular qualifications, or greater fitness for mis- 
sionary usefulness, but, take him altogether, I have 
never seen his equal, and among more than a hun- 
dred men I have met among the heathen, I would 
select Dr. Jones as the model missionary." 

Jones, Jonathan, A.M., principal of the Uni- 
versity Female Institute at Lewisburg, Pa., was 
born in Chester County in that State, June, 1845. 
His early education was received in the schools 
of his native county, and in those of Reading, 
whither his family removed in 1860. Here he was 
fitted for college, but he did not enter the Univer- 
sity of Lewisburg until 1864, having previously to 
this time served in the late war. He graduated 
from college in 1868 with high honors. The two 
succeeding years were spent in Minnesota in 
teaching and preaching. In the summer of 1870 
he returned to Lewisburg, having been elected to 
take charge of the academy connected with the 
university. He remained here until 1873, when 
he accepted the principalship of the Classical and 
Scientific Institute at Mount Pleasant, Westmore- 
land Co., Pa. Here he remained five years. Al- 
though the school sustained great financial losses 
during that time, yet there was a steady increase in 
the attendance, largely due to his excellent manage- 
ment. In 1878 he accepted the principalship of 
the institute at Lewisburg, — the ladies' depart- 
ment of the university. Since his election to this 
position, the board of curators have introduced into 
the school, at his suggestion, a full classical course 
of instruction. The institute now confers on young 
women the advantages of a college, and it is the 



JONh'S 



617 



JONES 



determination of the principal to keep the standard 
of scholarship equal to that of the most advanced 
institutions for women. His work as an instructor 
is in the line of psychology, ethics, and Greek. 

Jones, Judge J. H. C, was born at Rockville, 
Md., July 31, 1823. lie was educated at the Rock- 
ville Academy, and graduated at the Columbian 
College in 1841. He .removed to King and Queen 
Co., Va., in 1842, where he taught school two years ; 
he afterwards studied law, and was admitted to the 
bar in 1845. He was baptized into the fellowship 
of the Bruington church in October, 1842, of which 
church he has been clerk since 1861. He was 
elected clerk of the Rappahannock Association in 
1863, which office he held continuously until 1869, 
when he was elected moderator of the body, to 
which office he has been annually re-elected ever 
since. He also filled the office of president of the 
Baptist General Association of Virginia at its an- 
nual sessions in 1875-76-77. In March, 1865, he 
was elected to represent the counties of King and 
Queen and Essex in the house of delegates of Vir- 
ginia, but the failure of the Confederate cause 
shortly afterwards prevented the assembling of 
the body to which he was elected. He represented 
the counties of King and Queen and King William 
in the house of delegates under what was then 
called " the restored government of Virginia," 
during the sessions of the Legislature of 1865-66 
and 1866-67. In April, 1870, he was elected by 
the Legislature of Virginia, under the new consti- 
tution, just then adopted, judge of the County 
Courts of King and Queen and Middlesex, and 
upon the expiration of his term of office, Jan. 1, 
1874, he was re-elected by the same body judge of 
the County Courts of King and- Queen and King 
William for six years, which office he holds at pres- 
ent. Judge Jones is warmly interested in every- 
thing pertaining to the progress of the denomina- 
tion. 

Jones, J. Wm., D.D., was born at Louisa Court- 
House, Va., Sept. 25, 1836, and was baptized Aug. 
26, 1854, into the fellowship of the Mechanicsville 
church, Louisa Co. He received his literary and 
scientific education at the University of Virginia 
during the years 1855-59, and his theological edu- 
cation at the Southern Baptist Theological Semi- 
nary. He was ordained at Charlottesville, Va., 
June 10, 1860, with three well-known and beloved 
brethren, C. H. Toy, J. L. Johnson, and J. B. Tay- 
lor, Jr., all college-mates and intimate friends. On 
July 3, 1860, he offered himself to the Foreign Mis- 
sion Board of the Southern Baptist Convention for 
appointment as missionary to Canton, China, was 
accepted, and had made arrangements to sail in the 
autumn with his friend (now Rev. C. H. Toy, D.D.), 
who was under appointment for Japan. The polit- 
ical troubles of that year caused the board to post- 
40 



pone their sailing, and the war finally prevented 
it. Dr. Jones's interest in foreign missions led 
him, in 1860, to visit many of the Associations and 




J. WM. JONES, D.D. 

churches to stimulate them to greater zeal in be- 
half of the cause, and he accomplished much good. 
During the winter of 1860-61 he became pastor of 
Little River church, Louisa Co., preaching once a 
month. In May, 1861, he enlisted as a private in 
the Confederate army, and followed its varying for- 
tunes from Harper's Ferry to Appomattox Court- 
House. In 1862 he was made chaplain of his regi- 
ment, and in 1863 missionary chaplain to Gen. A. 
P. Hill's corps ; and he was present and an active 
participant in all the great movements and battles 
from Manassas to the surrender. Dr. Jones knew 
intimately all the prominent officers in the Confed- 
erate service. He was an active worker in those 
great revivals in the army in Virginia in which 
over 15,000 of the soldiers under Gen. Lee pro- 
fessed conversion, baptizing himself 520 soldiers, 
and laboring in meetings which resulted in the 
conversion of at least 2000. In 1 865 he took charge 
of Goshen and Lexington churches, Rockbridge 
Co., Va., and in 1866 devoted himself exclusively 
to the latter, remaining until July, 1871. His ser- 
vices here were greatly blessed. During his six 
years' pastorate in the valley he baptized 200 per- 
sons, and labored in meetings in which 250 others 
professed conversion. Dr. Jones's residence in 
Lexington opened up to him special opportunities 
for doing good, for he was one of the chaplains of 
Washington College, of which Gen. R. E. Lee was 



JONES 



618 



JONES 



president, and also gave much time to the students 
of the Virginia Military Institute, where, during 
one session, there were over 100 professions of con- 
version in connection with a series of prayer- 
meetings which he conducted. Of those whom he 
baptized while at Lexington, eight have become 
useful Baptist ministers, and fifteen clergymen in 
other denominations. During 1871 he acted as 
agent for the Southern Baptist Theological Semi- 
nary, laboring mainly in Georgia and Alabama. 
In 1872 he became general superintendent of the 
Virginia Baptist Sunday-School and Baptist Board, 
and held the position until June, 1874. In 1875 he 
took charge of the Ashland Baptist church, of 
which he is still the pastor. Dr. Jones has per- 
formed some admirable literary work. In 1874 he 
published, through the Appletons, of New York, 
" Reminiscences, Anecdotes, and Letters of Gen. 
R. E. Lee," which received the warmest commen- 
dations of critics in all parts of the country, and 
which an accomplished scholar designates as " one 
of the most charming semi-biographies in the lan- 
guage." Of this work 20,000 copies have already 
been sold. He is diligently at work now on sev- 
eral historical works, among which are a " Life of 
Gen. Stonewall Jackson," and a " History of the 
Revivals in the Confederate Army," the latter of 
which, from the fact that he was actively engaged 
in them, will be looked for with eager interest by 
the Christian public. He is also at the present 
time secretary of the Southern Historical Society, 
and editor of their monthly paper. Dr. Jones 
also had the reputation of being one of the best 
" special correspondents" that prepared for the 
newspapers accounts of the terrible battle-scenes 
of the war. One who knows the subject of our 
sketch intimately describes him as " a noble man 
every way, — large in body and heart, liberal to a 
fault, the truest of friends, and a man of such 
strong will that he would die for his convictions on 
any point." 

The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred upon 
him in 1874 by the Washington and Lee Univer- 
sity, Virginia. 

Jones, Rev. Miller, A.M., was bom July 3, 
1830, in Hilltown Township, Bucks Co., Pa. His 
father, John M. Jones, died Nov. 30, 1839 ; his 
mother, Mary Hines Jones, is still living, in her 
seventy-sixth year. Both parents were baptized 
at an early age by Rev. Joseph Matthias. The 
subject of this sketch was baptized by Rev. Joseph 
H. Kennard, D.D., in April, 1846. He was subse- 
quently licensed by the Tenth Baptist church, Phil- 
adelphia, to preach the gospel ; graduated from the 
university at Lewisburg in 1856, and from the 
theological department in 1858 ; ordained as a Bap- 
tist minister a few weeks afterwards by a council 
convened by the Marcus Hook Baptist church. Pa. 



He continued pastor of this church for three years 
and three months, and was greatly prospered. His 
second pastorate was over the Bridgeport Baptist 
church, Montgomery Co., Pa., and continued with 
most encouraging results for more than two years. 
The third settlement was with the Moorestown, 
N. J., Baptist church, which continued for four 
years. Here a most delightful and extensive re- 
vival was enjoyed. His fourth pastorate was with 
the Marlton, N. J., Baptist church, which contin- 
ued, with many tokens of divine favor, for three 
years. His fifth charge was the Second Baptist 
church of Reading, Pa. Here a large number of 
conversions occurred, and much prosperity was 
enjoyed, but a call coming from the Bridgeport 
Baptist church to assume a second time the pastoral 
charge, his sixth settlement was with this beloved 
church. Here a steady and solid growth of the 
church was enjoyed during the eight years of a 
very happy pastorate. Jan. 1, 1880, he entered 
upon the pastorate at Village Green, Pa. A Bap- 
tist chui'ch has since been organized and recognized. 
A baptistery, with additional rooms for the conve- 
nience of the candidates, is now being constructed, 
and the whole property is being put in the best 
repair through the liberality of Mrs. J. P. Crozer. 
The prospects for growth are encouraging. About 
300 persons have been baptized during his ministry. 

Jones, Nathan Levering, A.M., of Rox- 

borough, Philadelphia, Pa., was born Aug. 3, 
1816, and was a son of Rev. Horatio Gates Jones, 
D.D. He received his early education at the Rox- 
borough Academy, and also at Haddington College, 
and was one of its first students. Before gradu- 
ating he entered into business, and located at Rox- 
borough, in the lumber trade, which he continued 
to pursue during the remainder of his life. When 
quite young he joined the Lower Merion Baptist 
church, of which his father wjis pastor, and he was 
a constituent member of the Balligomingo church. 
His membership was finally removed to Merion, of 
which church he was a deacon at the time of his 
death. Mr. Jones was highly esteemed, and was 
elected to many offices of trust and honor. He was 
a director and also controller of the public schools 
of Philadelphia, a director of the Bank of German- 
town, and of the Germantown Mutual Insurance 
Company. For over twenty years he was president 
of the Roxborough Lyceum. His death, which 
was sudden, occurred on Saturday evening, April 
19, 1879. As a husband and father he was loving 
and affectionate, as a neighbor he was most highly 
esteemed, as a citizen he was honored, and as a 
Christian he was devoted. His memory is highly 
cherished in the community where he had so long 
lived. Mr. Jones for several years was active in 
the temperance work, and as a public man exerted 
a great influence in that direction among his asso- 



JONES 



JONES 



ciates. He was also largely interested in the cause 
of education, especially of ministerial, and was a 
manager of the Pennsylvania Baptist Education 
Society. In their obituary report for 1879, the 
committee, speaking of Mr. Jones, say, " He was 
a man of considerable prominence in the commu- 
nity where he was boi:n and lived. He filled many 
positions of public trust with a fidelity which com- 
manded confidence and inspired respect. His 
memory is blessed both in the church and in so- 
ciety, for he was a staunch Christian and a true 
and noble man." The honorary degree of Master 
of Arts was conferred upon him by the University 
at Lewisburg. 

Jones, Rev. Philip L., was bom in England in 
1838; was baptized at East Clarence, N. Y., in 
1854 ; was educated at the University of Rochester 
and at Rochester Theological Seminary, graduating 
from the latter institution in 1868 ; ordained the 
same year at Dunkirk, N. Y. In 1870 he was 
called to the pastorate of the South Broad Street 
church, Philadelphia, then a mission of the First 
church. He still continues to labor in this field, 
which has quietly and steadily grown under his 
efficient and faithful ministry. He is a member of 
the board of managers of the Pennsylvania Baptist 
Education Society, and was for several years the 
secretary of the Philadelphia Conference of Baptist 
ministers. He is a man of gentle and winning 
manners ; and his sermons and writings are clear, 
forceful, and poetic. 

Jones, Rev. Robert B. — The Baptists of North 
Carolina have produced no more remarkable man 
than Robert B. Jones. He was born in Person 
Co., N. C. ; baptized into the fellowship of the Mill 
Creek church ; went as a soldier to Mexico, to get 
rid of the duty of preaching; fought bravely till 
the army reached the city of Mexico, when he was 
pronounced an incurable consumptive, and told by 
the surgeons that he would never again see North 
Carolina. On his way to Vera Cruz, expecting to 
die, he promised the Lord that if he would allow 
him to reach North Carolina again he would preach 
as much as he wished. From this time he began 
to improve; he entered Wake Forest College in 
1854, but after studying a year or two was obliged 
to leave on account of ill health. He went up on 
the Catawba River and did good service for the 
Master, and in 1858 returned to college, and grad- 
uated in 1861. He was pastor of Hartford church 
for several years, became agent of his alma mater 
in 1866-67, and died at the college in December, 
1867. 

Jones, Samuel, D.D., was born Jan. 14, 1735, 
in Glamorganshire, Wales, and was brought to 
this country two years afterwards by his parents. 
He received his education at the College of Phila- 
delphia, and graduated in 1762 ; and in the begin- 



ning of the next year he was ordained to the min- 
istry of the gospel. In 1763 he became pastor of 
the Lower Dublin Baptist church, and he held that 
office until his death, which occurred Feb. 7, 1814. 




SAMUEL JONES, D.D. 

Dr. Jones, if not superior in scholarly attain- 
ments to every other American Baptist of his day, 
was equaled by few, and surpassed by none. His 
wisdom in managing difficult matters was as strik- 
ing as his learning was remarkable. At an early 
period of his life he became the most influential Bap- 
tist minister in the middle colonies, and probably 
in the whole country. Dr. Jones, when a young 
man, was sent by the Philadelphia Association to 
Rhode Island, to assist in founding Rhode Island 
College. At Newport he remodeled the rough 
draft of the college charter, which soon after ob- 
tained the sanction of the Legislature of Rhode 
Island. He prepared a new treatise of discipline 
for the Philadelphia Confession of Faith by re- 
quest of the Association in 1798. Dr. Jones, Rev. 
David Jones, and Dr. Burgiss Allison compiled a 
selection of hymns for the use of the churches. In 
1807 he preached the centenary sermon of the 
Philadelphia Association, which was published 
with the volume of " Minutes for One Hundred 
Years," by the Baptist Publication Society. His 
name occurs continually in the minutes of the As- 
sociation for half a century, as moderator, preacher, 
committeeman, or writer of the circular letter. 
" Dr. Jones was a ready writer and a fluent speaker ; 
he was a large and firmly-built man, six feet or 
more in height, and in every way well-propor- 



JONES 



JONES 



tioned. His face was the very image of intelli- 
gence and good nature, which, with the air of dig- 
nity that pervaded his movements, rendered his 
appearance uncommonly attractive." 

He educated many young men for the Christian 
ministry, some of whom attained distinction for 
their talents, learning, and usefulness. 

On the deatli of Dr. Manning, Dr. Jones received 
a letter from Judge David Howell informally 
ofiFering him the presidency of Rhode Island Col- 
lege. Secretary Howell informed him that " the 
eyes of the corporation (of the college) seemed to 
be fixed on him for a successor to Dr. Manning." 

This great and good man was largely blessed in 
his ministry ; and he exerted a vast and useful 
influence over the rising Baptist churches of our 
country. 

Jones, Rev. Thomas Z. R., was born in the 

parsonage of the Great Valley church. Pa., July 
23, 1803, and died in Kalamazoo, Mich., July 2, 
1876. His father was Rev. Richard Jones, a native 
of Wales. In 1835, Brother Jones came to Michigan 
Territory to take up his work. Years before he 
had selected that as his field of labor. He took 
the right wing of the little army of invasion that 
was strung along the rivers St. Clair, Detroit, 
Raisin, and Maumee. Up and down the St. Clair 
and back into the woods whei-ever a settler had 
pushed, he preached in the wilderness and sought 
the sheep. There he nursed his sick, and buried 
the members of his young family, and saw the 
salvation of God. The China church, as then 
called, was a visible result, and much seed for 
other harvests was sown. The missionary spirit 
thrusting him on, he reached the spiritual solitude 
between Jackson and Kalamazoo, and struck in on 
its eastern edge. Spring Arbor, Concord, Albion, 
Marengo, and Marshall in turn responded to his 
work, and he saw the churches in them planted and 
acquiring growth, and watered by gracious revivals. 
Then he struck through to Grand Rapids, and was 
one of the first and best master-builders on the 
Baptist foundation there. He went to Kalamazoo, 
from which he has gone to and fro in his agency ser- 
vices, with occasional short pastorates so mixed in 
as not to break up his home, where so many youth 
of the schools have been succored, and where he 
still lives. All older Michigan is a road where his 
wheels have made and worn marks as he sought 
supplies for domestic mission and educational 
works; also for our societies for evangelization, 
foreign as well as home. 

His sympathies were broad as human want, his 
contributions from the smallest of incomes — with 
which he always seemed contented — were constant 
and liberal, his business habits painstaking and 
just, and his heart sincere. He gave forty-one years 
of good and fvithful work to Michigan. 



Jones, T. Qt., D.D., is a native of Virginia, and 
like many other Virginians, not a little proud of 
his State. His father. Wood Jones, of Nottoway, 
was a relative of U. S. Senator Jones, and of John 




T. G. JONES, D.D. 

Winston Jones, Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives ; and his mother, Elizabeth Trent Archer, 
of Powhatan, of U. S. Senator Wm. S. Archer, and 
of Branch T. Archer, who figured conspicuously 
in the earlier councils of Texas. He was early 
doubly orphaned, his mother dying when he was 
about three years old, and his father a few months 
later. In his boyhood he was with one of his 
brothei's, who afterwards graduated at the Univer- 
sity of Virginia and became a lawyer of distinction. 
When about eighteen years of age he entered the 
Virginia Baptist Seminary, now Richmond College. 
After being there some time he decided to devote 
himself to the ministry, and was licensed by the 
Second Baptist church of Richmond, whose pastor, 
the late revered James B. Taylor, had a few years 
before baptized him. Leaving that institution, he 
entered the University of Virginia, from which, 
after a two years' course, he went to William and 
Mary College, where he graduated. Immediately 
after taking his degree he went to Alabama, and 
for a year or two taught a few hours daily in a 
private family, devoting the rest of his time to 
theological study and occasional preaching. Re- 
turning to Virginia, he preached for a few months 
in Clarksville, on the North Carolina border; 
when, although not yet ordained to the full work 
of the ministry, he was elected the first pastor of 



JONES 



JONES 



the Freemason Street church of Norfolk, with 
which, though often invited to more prominent 
positions in the larger cities, he continued until the 
late war, when he was compelled to leave. He 
found an asylum in Baltimore as pastor of the 
Franklin Square church. When the war closed he 
was recalled to Norfolk, where he remained until 
he was elected to the presidency of Richmond Col- 
lege. Continuing at the head of that institution 
lor several years, he was again recalled to his old 
charge at Norfolk. About ten years ago, having 
been elected pastor of the First Baptist church of 
Nashville, he removed to that city, where he still 
resides. Dr. Jones has been honored by the col- 
leges. At the University of Virginia he was the 
valedictory orator of his society, and received the 
same honor upon his graduation at William and 
Mary College. While pastor of the church at 
Norfolk he was elected president of Wake Forest 
College, North Carolina, and a few years later, 
president of Mercer University, Ga. Both these 
appointments, however, he felt constrained to re- 
fuse from his reluctance to leave his first beloved 
and loving charge. Richmond College conferred 
upon him the degree of D.D., and, as already stated, 
called him a few years later to its presidency. 
Closely engaged in preaching and other pastoral 
work, he has not written much. Still, his pen has 
not been idle altogether. Besides a number of pub- 
lished addresses before literary and other bodies, 
unpublished lectures, and papers in various peri- 
odicals, he has written three small books, the 
first a prize essay, on " The Duties of Pastors to 
Churches," which was published in Charleston by 
the Southern Baptist Publication Society ; the sec- 
ond on the "Origin and Continuity of the Bap- 
tist Churches," published by the American Baptist 
Publication Society ; and the third entitled " The 
Great Misnomer, or the Lord's Supper, miscalled 
the Communion." These have met with a ready 
sale, and are highly commended. Dr. Jones is re- 
garded as one of the finest pulpit orators of the 
nation, and highly esteemed by his charge in Nash- 
ville. 

He has been for several sessions one of the vice- 
presidents of the Southern Baptist Convention, and 
is now first vice-president of the board of trustees 
of the Southern Baptist Seminary. He is possessed 
of rare dignity of manners, fine scholarship, and a 
blessed record. 

Jones, Washington (son of William G. Jones), 
was born in Wilmington, Del., Jan. 5, 1818 ; com- 
menced business for himself in his native place in 
November, 1839 ; was a director of what is now 
the National Bank of Wilmington and Brandy- 
wine for thirty years, of which he was elected 
president in 1868, which position he still holds. 
He is a manager of the Saving Fund, a prosperous 



institution, whose object is to help the poor to save 
their earnings ; was prime mover in the introduction 
of gas into the city in 1850, and has been a director 
of the gas company since its fonnation. 




WASHINGTON JONES. 

The emperor Dom Pedro, of Brazil, when in 
this country in 1876, visited the factory of Mr. 
Jones, by whom he was shown thi-ough the estab- 
lishment and the various processes explained to 
him. He seemed much pleased with the operations 
and took extensive notes. 

Mr. Jones was converted in 1841, and baptized 
into the fellowship of the Second Baptist church on 
the 2d of January in that year ; was elected a 
trustee of the church July 9 of the same year, and 
president of the board April 26, 1860, which office 
he held until 1876, when he resigned ; was elected 
a deacon in June, 1853, which office he still holds ; 
was treasurer of the church for seventeen years, 
and superintendent of the Sabbath-school fifteen 
years. 

In 1852 the church resolved to rebuild in a new 
location, and Mr. Jones was made chairman of the 
building committee, and took an active part in 
erecting their present handsome and commodious 
house of worship, both by his own large contribu- 
tions and zealous efforts in collecting funds from 
others. Besides, he gave much time and personal 
attention to the erection of the edifipe, and when it 
was completed gave his individual note for part of 
the debt remaining upon it. 

Mr. Jones is the largest contributor to the funds 
of the church of which he is a member, besides 



JONES 



giving for missions and other benevolent objects at 
home and abroad. He has the respect of the whole 
community and the love of his brethren. A man 
of piety, he is active in church work, prompt and 
faithful in the discharge of his Christian duties, 
and speaks and prays with great acceptance in the 
public meetings of the church and of the denomi- 
nation. 

Jones, B,ev. William, was born in the county 
of Denbigh, in Wales, June 17, 1762. When young 
he removed to Poulton, in Cheshire, where he re- 
ceived a classical education. In October, 1786, he 
was baptized by the Rev. Archibald McLean, of 
Edinburgh, then on a visit to Chester, in the 
river Dee. 

In 1793 he established himself in Liverpool as a 
wholesale bookseller and publisher. In that city 
he began to hold meetings in his own spacious 
drawing-room, at first for his own family, for 
prayer, praise, reading the Scriptures, exhortation, 
and exposition. These assemblies were speedily 
frequented by neighbors and others, and soon they 
were transferred to a chapel, when a church was 
formed, and Mr. D. S. Wylie and Mr. Jones were 
appointed pastors. 

Mr. Jones left Liverpool for London, and in 
1812, soon after he went to the metropolis, he be- 
gan his "History of the Waldenses and Albi- 
genses." 

In 1815 he started the New Evangelical Maga- 
zine, in London ; this periodical, subsequently 
called the New Baptist Magazine, was conducted 
by Mr. Jones with great success for eleven years. 

He spent three years in preparing a " Dictionary 
of the Sacred Writings," the first edition of which, 
consisting of 2000 copies, was quickly sold. 

His Church History, of which his " History of 
the Waldenses and Albigenses" is not quite a half, 
is a work highly creditable to the research and 
candor of its author and worthy of a conspicuous 
place in every Baptist library. 

Mr. Jones was the author of biographies of 
Rowland Hill, Edward Irving, Adam Clark, and 
of several other works. 

He was a writer of great industry and conscien- 
tiousness ; and in the latter part of his life his 
works were very popular among Baptists. 

In 1843, when his means were very limited, the 
queen ofi'ered him a place in the Charterhouse, 
where all his wants would be cared for during the 
rest of his life ; but, as the acceptance of it required 
him to become an Episcopalian, he declined the 
royal ofier. The queen on learning the fact or- 
dered £60 to be paid Mr. Jones in three annual 
installments. He died in January, 1846. 

Jones, Rev. William, was born in Wake Co., 
N. C, about 1800 ; was graduated at Wake Forest 
in 1839, and for many years was the agent of the 



State Convention. He was a good and useful 
man. 

Jones, WiUiam G., was born in Wilmington, 
Del., Sept. 3, 1784 ; was baptized April 3, 1803, 
upon profession of his faith, in the Brandywine, 
by Rev. Daniel Dodge, pastor of the First Baptist 
church. He was the first person baptized in Wil- 
mington by Mr. Dodge, who afterwards became 
pastor of the Second Baptist church, Philadelphia. 

About 1812 he, with others, united in the organi- 
zation of another church, which disbanded after an 
existence of two years. He then united with the 
Marcus Hook church, and was at once elected 
deacon. For years he walked to and from " the 
Hook," a distance of twenty miles, to attend the 
services on the Sabbath. 

In 1843, when Rev. Morgan J. Rhees became 
pastor of the Second church, Wilmington, Mr. 
Jones united with that body, by which he was 
chosen a deacon. He retained his membership and 
office until his death, Jan. 26, 1873. He died in the 
house in which he was born, and in which he lived 
nearly all his life. 

Mr. Jones was to a large extent identified with 
the Baptist history of Delaware and Southeastern 
Pennsylvania. His house was a home for minis- 
ters, and among the many eminent men who en- 
joyed its hospitalities were John Leland, Dr. 
Staughton, Luther Rice, and Dr. J. L. Dagg. 

His fidelity to truth was unswerving, and his 
business integrity unquestionable. He was urbane 
even in old age, and his conversation highly en- 
tertaining and instructive to the young. His Chris- 
tian character was of the positive type, and the 
conversion of most of his children, and of many of 
his grandchildren, bears testimony to his domestic 
piety. By industry and economy he acquired the 
pecuniary means which he used to support and ad- 
vance the cause of Christ, to which he also devoted 
his time, energies, and prayers. 

Jones, Wm. P., M.D., of Nashville, Tenn.,wa8 
born in Adair Co., Ky., Oct. 17, 1819. At the age 
of twenty he entered the Louisville Medical Insti- 
tute, and subsequently received a diploma from the 
Medical College of Ohio and the Memphis Medical 
College. He first established himself in the prac- 
tice of his profession at Edmonton, Ky., afterwards 
removing to Bowling Green, and finally to Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

Dr. Jones is a member of the American Medical 
Association, Association of American Superinten- 
dents of Hospitals for the Insane, American As- 
sociation for the Advancement of Science, Ten- 
nessee State Medical Society, and the Medical 
Society of Davidson County. He was one of the 
editors of the Southern Journal of the Medical and 
Physical Sciences in 1853, and for several years 
thereafter; he established and edited the Parlor 



JONES 



JORDAN 



Visitor \n 1852, and in 1874 became associate editor 
of the Tennessee School Journal. 

In 1858 he, with others, founded the Shelby 
Medical College, in which he was Professor of 
Materia Medica. 

Academy Hospital, the first established in Nash- 
ville after the arrival of the Union forces, was 




WILLIAM p. JONES, M.D. 

under his charge. In 1862 he was elected super- 
intendent of the Tennessee Hospital for the Insane. 
Through his persistent and earnest appeals to the 
State Legislature the funds were provided for, and 
Dr. Jones had the pleasure of erecting a separate 
and suitable building for the insane colored people, 
the first institution of the kind in America. 

The affairs of the State institution were admin- 
istered fairly and impartially, and Dr. Jones was 
unanimously re-elected for a period of eight years. 

In 1876 he was elected president of Nashville 
Medical College. 

The people have frequently demanded his public 
services, and he has rendered them with great dis- 
tinction as president of Nashville city council and 
as State senator from Nashville. While acting in 
the last capacity he was made chairman of the 
school committee, and inti-oduced the present public 
school law of Tennessee, which provides equal edu- 
cational advantages for all the children of the State 
without regard to race, color, or previous condition. 

Dr. Jones has been a member of the Baptist 
church since 1836, and he is now president of the 
Tennessee Baptist State Convention, and an honor 
to the Baptists in Tennessee. 



Jordan, Rev. F. M., was born in Montgoincry 
Co., N. C, June 4, 1830; was baptized by Rev. 
Eli Phillips in 1843 ; went to Wake Forest College 
in 1850, and was ordained in 1853. He has labored 
as pastor in Orange, Caswell, Person, and Davidson 
Counties. 

For the last six years Mr. Jordan has given him- 
self to the work of an evangelist ; 1900 persons 
have professed faith in Christ under his preaching. 
He has been a laborious and useful minister of the 
gospel. He has one son in the ministry, W. T. 
Jordan, pastor at Lumberton. 

Jordan, Hon. O'Bryan, was an active member 
of the Concord Association formed in 1823 at Mount 
Nebo church, in Cooper Co., Mo. He was ap- 
pointed clerk of the Association at its organization. 
He was a member of the Mount Nebo church, and 
in 1824 he read a circular letter before it which he 
had prepared upon the Scriptural argument for the 
support of the ministry. The reasons were clear 
and convincing. He was a layman of remarkable 
devotion and purity of life. He was for years a 
member of the Legislature from Cooper County, 
and he came out unstained by the corruptions of 
politics. 

Jordan, The. — From ly, "yarad," to descend ; 
" the river of God ;" probably referred to in Ps. 
Ixv. 9 ; the " Descender," now known among the 
Arabs as " esh Sheri^h," the watering-place. Three 
main sources of the river have been indicated : one 
at Tell-el-Kadi, the site of the ancient Dan of the 
Israelites, where from the base of an oblong mound 
about eighty feet above the plain the water gushes 
out in rivulets numerous enough to form a consid- 
erable stream ; another, a little northeast of this 
point, at Banias, the ancient Csesarea Philippi, 
where the stream can be traced to a cave, — itself 
the outlet of a more remote ybns, — whence it flows 
by a subterranean course, and reappears a consid- 
erable sti-eam a short distance from the grotto. The 
third leading source of the river may be found, 
according to Lieut. Lynch, U.S.N., a short distance 
above the town of IlasbeiySh, where two copious 
streams burst from the base of a precipitous wall 
of rock, the immediate source of the river Hasbei- 
yeh, which Lieut. Lynch regards, however, as the 
trite Jordan, rather than as a tributary only. 

From Tell-el-Kadi the river flows for a few miles 
down the fertile valley, till it expands into Lake 
Haieh, "the waters of Merom" of Scripture, and 
about nine miles below this pours itself into the 
" Sea of Galilee." It emerges from the lake at its 
southern end, and finally buries itself in the Dead 
Sea. Lieut. Lynch, who gives us the natural history 
of the river and the region through which it passes, 
speaks of it at one stage of its coui-se as describing 
"a series of frantic curvilinears, and returning in 
a contrary direction to its main course." Between 



JORDAN 



JORDAN 



the Lake of Tiberias and the Dead Sea, distant in 
latitude only about 60 miles, the river describes a 
course of fully 200 miles, through a valley aver- 
aging but 4 or 5 miles in width. The same au- 
thority represents it, in this part of its course, as 
ranging from 3 to 12 feet in depth, and in width 
from 25 to 180 yards, where it pours into the Dead 
Sea. 

As " the Jordan" or " Descender," the river is 
most appropriately named. From the Lake of Ti- 
berias to its final outlet in the Dead Sea its descent 
is over 1000 feet in the short distance of 60 miles. 
As a consequence, the American explorers en- 
countered during the passage of the river between 
these points no less than twenty-seven threatening 
rapids, many others of lesser note, and numerous 
cascades and waterfalls. By its annual inunda- 
tions the river appears to have burrowed out a 
channel above the one it ordinarily pursues^ so that 
for a considerable part of its course there are plain 
indications of terraced or double banks. For some 
distance below the Lake of Tiberias, Lieut. Lynch 
found a luxuriant vegetation along its boi'ders, 
while in patches here and there the valley bore 
traces of careful cultivation. But the lower Ghor, 
until the stream was lost in the Salt Sea, presented 
a picture of dreary sterility, and almost savage 
desolation. Tracks of the tiger and boar were 
clearly discerned, where the banks of the river were 
low enough to furnish a thicket for their lair. 
Numerous small islands, a number of tributaries, 
and the remains of several bridges of Roman and 
Saracenic architecture were passed in the descent 
of the river. But little need be said of the fords. 
There does not appear to have been at any time 
more than three or four places where the river 
could be safely forded when swollen after the 
winter rains. But two fords of any importance are 
indicated by explorers, — one at a point now known 
as Sflkwa. in line with the road from Nablds to 
Es-SS.lt ; the other, about five miles from the mouth 
of the river, and over against Jericho, now desig- 
nated " El-Meshra," the Pilgrim's Bathing-Place. 
Boats may have been anciently used in crossing the 
river, but as an appliance now in going from bank 
to bank they ai-e unknown. The course of the 
stream at times is between high banks of rock or 
alluvium : at other points, on one or both sides, they 
recede from the river, and in such cases are covered 
with thicket or jungle. 

It is not necessai-y to dwell at length on the cir- 
cumstances and incidents that lend such a peculiar 
and sacred interest to this river, or even to enu- 
merate all of them. The Jordan was the eastern 
boundary of the Promised Land. Josh. i. 11. Abra- 
ham sojourned at a point where the fertile valley 
through which the river coursed could be seen. 
Gen. xiii. 3. Jacob, when he went into his long 



exile, crossed it with his stafi" alone, and recrossed 
it when he returned as two bands. Gen. xxxii. 10. 
His descendants, as they terminated their long wil- 
derness pilgrimage, passed dry-shod through its 
waters. Josh. iv. 10. Elijah and Elisha success- 
ively smote it with their mantles, and it divided 
for their passage. 2 Kings ii. 8 and 14. Naaman 
dipped in it and was cleansed of his leprosy. 2 
Kings V. 14. And last of all it was the stream where 
not only " all Judea and Jerusalem" were baptized 
by John (Matt. iii. 5, 6), but the Lord himself v. 
16. Here the interest of the sacred river fitly cul- 
minates. Enon, near to Salem (John iii. 23), where 
the Baptist in his later ministry baptized, cannot 
now with absolute certainty be identified. It ap- 
pears, however, most probably to have been situated 
at a point a few miles below the ancient Bethshean, 
now Beisan, near or at one of the fords of the river, 
and where, either from the depth or quantity of 
water, or the nature of its banks, there were the 
desired facilities for the administration of baptism. 
Whatever the uncertainty, however, attending the 
site of Enon, manifold and unbroken tradition 
points to the ford nearly opposite Jericho, and 
about five miles from the Dead Sea, as the place 
hallowed by the baptism of the Messiah. Above 
and below this locality, now known, as intimated, 
as " the Pilgrim's Bathing-Place," the river flows 
through alluvial banks of considerable height, but 
at this point the western line of the stream forms a 
cove, where the strand and a convenient depth for 
immersion or bathing is at once reached by a 
gradual and easy descent. In the narrative of his 
expedition, Lieut. Lynch, who was an eye-witness, 
describes the annual ceremony of the baptism of 
the pilgrims. On this occasion, from 5000 to 8000 
of them having come down from .Jerusalem, plunged 
tumultuously into the stream, immersing them- 
selves and each other three times, in the name of 
the Trinity. At this point he describes the river 
as 120 feet wide and 12 feet deep, the current dan- 
gerously swift, as the writer of this article himself 
discovered when bathing in the river but a few feet 
from the banks. Tradition locates the ancient 
Bethabara, " the House of the Ford or Passage," 
at a point near the eastern bank of the river, and 
opposite the Pilgrim's Bathing-Place. 

Jordan, Rev. William Hull, was born in Bertie 
Co., N. C, Aug. 15, 1803. His mother afterwards 
married the Rev. Mr. Poindexter, and by him 
became the mother of Dr. A. M. Poindexter, .and 
to the piety and force of character of this good 
woman, who consecrated her sons to God's service 
at their birth, is our Southern Zion indebted for 
two of the ablest and most eloquent ministers who 
have distinguished her annals. Mr. Jordan was 
educated at Chapel Hill, professed a hope in Christ 
on the 9th of December, 1823, preached his first 



JOSLYN 



625 



JUDSON 



sermon on the 25th of December of the same year, 
and was baptized by Rev. Reuben Lawrence, Jan. 
25, 1824. It will thus be seen that Sir. Jordan 
was induced by the pressure of his brethren to 
preach before he was baptized. This has always 
been a source of sincere sorrow to him, but it may 
be doubted whether it should be, since it is said a 
great revival began from his preaching, spreading 
over several counties, and resulting in the conver- 
sion of 2000 souls. Besides serving a number of 
churches in the country, Mr. Jordan has been pas- 
tor of churches in Raleigh, "Wilmington, Lilesville, 
and Wadesborough, N. C, Clarksville and Peters- 
burg, Ya., Norristown, Pa., and Sumter, S. C. 
He was for a long time the corresponding secretary 
of the Baptist State Convention ; was twice agent 
for Wake Forest College, giving his time and money 
for its release from financial distress, and has 
worked faithfully for its prosperity as a trustee. 
Mr. Jordan calls himself a high-church Baptist, 
and has spent no small part of his life in vindi- 
cating by voice and pen Baptist and Calvinistic 
principles. He is a very devout man and a sin- 
gularly eloquent preacher. 

Joslyn, Rev. Adoniram Judson, during many 
years a denominational leader in Illinois, and one 
of the most effective preachers in the State, was 
born Oct. 5, 1819. He was baptized at the age of 
fourteen years, uniting with the Baptist church in 
Nunda, N. Y., where his early life had been spent. 
He removed to Illinois in 1838, settling at Crystal 
Lake, in the northern part of the State, where his 
first occupation was that of a farmer. Drawn to 
the ministry by his ardent love for the cause of 
Christ, he had a partial courseof study with a neigh- 
boring pastor. His first pastorate was at Warrens- 
ville, where he was ordained in 1842. After two 
years he removed to Elgin, where he remained eleven 
years. In 1855 he accepted an agency for Shurt- 
lefi" College, and in that form of labor, as well as 
in eiforts of a like kind in behalf of the University 
of Chicago, he rendered important service in the 
cause of education. In November, 1856, he organ- \ 
ized the Union Park church in Chicago, and became ' 
its first pastor, remaining in that relation three 
years. His health having become impaired, he re- 
turned to his old home in Elgin, and purchasing i 
the Gazette m that cit;y, entered upon journalism, 
holding at the same time the office of postmaster | 
of the town ; in the mean time preaching for desti- 
tute churches as his state of health would allow, i 
The disease which had begun its inroads continued 
to make progress in spite of all efforts to check it. 
He lingered, however, until Oct. 9, 1868, when his 
labors and sufiFerings ended in rest. Mr. Joslyn 
was an ardent friend of reform, an outspoken tem- 
perance man, always bold, direct, and effective in 
his advocacy of whatever cause enlisted his zeal. 



In his relations with his brethren he was an ac- 
knowledged leader, with marked executive ability 

and rare powers of public speech. 

Journal and Messenger. — The first number of 
a paper called the Baptist Weekly Journal of the 
Mississippi Valley was issued at Cincinnati, 0., 
July 22, 1831. John Stevens, D.D., was the editor, 
and Xoble S. Johnson publisher. It was a folio, 20 
by 13 inches to the page, and the subscription price 
was §2.00 in advance or S3. 00 at the end of the 
year. It had in three years a subscription list of 
1300. In 1834 the Cross, the Baptist paper of 
Kentucky, was united with it, and it became The 
Cross and Baptist Journal of the Mississippi Val- 
ley. At the end of seven years it was removed to 
Columbus, and Rev. George Cole, D. A. Randall. 
D.D,, and James Batchelder became the editors and 
publishers, the name being changed to The Cross 
and Journal. This name was subsequently still 
further changed to the Western Christian Journal. 
In 1850 2'he Christian Messenger; ot Indiana., having 
been united with it, it was removed again to Cincin- 
nati, and called the Journal and Messenger, Rev. E. 
D. Owen and J. L. Batchelder being the editors and 
publishers. In December, 1856, a stock company 
was formed called the Central Baptist Press Com- 
pany, which bought out the interest of the former 
publishers, and Rev. George Cole again became 
editor, continuing in that capacity until 1865, when 
Rev. T. J. Melish succeeded him. In 1867 the form 
was changed from folio to quarto. In 1872, Rev. 
J. R. Baumes, D.D., became the editor, with Rev. 
"NY. X. Wyeth as associate editor. In 1876, having 
purchased all the stock and the entire interest of 
the paper. Rev. G. W. Lasher, D.D., became editor 
and proprietor, and so continues until the present 
time. The present form of the paper is a large 
quarto, 47 by 35 inches. In its circulation it ranks 
fourth among the Baptist papers of this country. 
It is devoted to the advocacy of Baptist principles, 
and is very enterprising in gathering denomina- 
tional news. 

Judd, E,ev. J. T., a native of Canada, was born 
in Toronto Nov. 29, 1851, and became a graduate of 
Columljian University, D. C, in 1872, and of Crozer 
Theological Seminary in its full course in 1875. 
He was ordained at the call of the Harrisburg 
church Sept. 2, 1875. In this church he has re- 
mained ever since, and has succeeded where many 
others have failed. The church has become, after 
many years of painful struggling, a self-supporting 
body. Better still, it has developed the Christian 
grace of benevolence to a remarkable degree. 

Judson, Adoniram, D.D., the eldest son of 
Adoniram and Abigail Judson, was born in Mai- 
den, Mass., Aug. 9, 1788. In the sixteenth year 
of his age, being sufficiently advanced in his studies, 
he entered the Sophomore class in Brown Univer- 



JUDSON 



626 



JUDSON 



sity, becoming a member of the institution on the 
17th of August, 1804. He graduated in 1807 with 
the highest honors of his class. At the time of 
leaving college he was inclined to be skeptical in 
his religious opinions. The sudden death of a 
classmate, under circumstances of peculiar inter- 
est, was the means of arresting his thoughts and 
putting him upon a course of serious examination 
of the claims of religion to his personal attention. 
For the purpose of pursuing his inquiries, he was 
admitted as a "special student" into the Andover 
Theological Institution. He soon became a hope- 
ful Christian, and was received into the fellowship 
of the Third Congregational church in Plj^mouth, 
Mass., of which his father was the pastor, on the 




ADONIRAM JUDSON, D.D. 

28th of May, 1809. Regarding himself now as not 
his own but the Lord's, he began to seek for light 
upon the pathway of his future career. The result 
of his prayerful deliberation was the determination 
reached, in February, 1810, to consecrate himself to 
the work of foreign missions. In the seminary he 
found other young men of kindred spirit, who joined 
with him in urging upon the Christian churches 
the claims of the heathen. The zeal and earnest- 
ness of these students gave power to the spirit of 
missions, which had already been aroused in the 
hearts of Christians. That honored society, the 
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign 
Missions, was formed June 28, 1810. Mr. Judson 
had been licensed on the 17th of May previous by 
the Orange Association of Congregationalist min- 
isters, in Vermont. September 24 of this year he 



graduated at Andover. Soon after his graduation 
he was sent to England by the American Board to 
confer with the London Missionary Society on the 
matter of combining the efforts of the two societies 
in the work of carrying the gospel to the heathen. 
He embarked Jan. 1, 1811, in the ship "Packet." 
The vessel had not been long at sea when she was 
captured by the French privateer " L' Invincible 
Napoleon," and carried to Bayonne in France, 
where he was immured in a dismal dungeon. From 
his short confinement he was soon released, and, 
after various adventures, he reached England, pre- 
sented his credentials, and was cordially received 
by the Christian friends to whom he had been com- 
mended. He and his fellow-students, Newell, Nott, 
and Hall, were appointed by the London Mission- 
ary Society as missionaries in India, with the ex- 
pectation that their pecuniary support would be 
provided for by the friends of missions in America. 
The object for which he was sent to England having 
been accomplished, Mr. Judson returned to this 
country. The board, after mature deliberation, 
came to the conclusion that the wiser course to 
pursue was to enter upon the work of missions in- 
dependently of any other organization, and they 
accepted as their missionaries the four young men, 
and pledged themselves to see that they were sup- 
ported in the undertaking upon which they had 
embarked. Mr. Judson, with his wife, Ann Has- 
seltine Judson, and Messrs. Nott, Newell, Hall, and 
Rice, sailed Feb. 19, 1812, from Salem, Mass., and 
reached Calcutta the 17th of the following June. 
During the voyage Mr. Judson's views on the modfr 
and subjects of baptism underwent a change, and, 
on reaching Serampore, he was baptized by Rev. 
William Ward, Sept. 6, 1812. This event severed 
his connection from the American Board of Com- 
missioners for Foreign Missions, and led to the 
formation of the Baptist Triennial Convention, on 
the 18th of May, 1814, under whose patronage Mr. 
Judson and his Baptist associates were taken. After 
experiencing months of hardship, on account of the 
hostility of the East India Company, who opposed 
the establishment of his mission in India, Mr. Jud- 
son decided to commence his work among the Bur- 
mese. On the 14th of July, 1813, he reached Ran- 
goon, and began at once the study of the language. 
It was a formidable task, and taxed all his powers 
to accomplish it. At nearly the end of his five 
years' residence in Rangoon a rayat was built, and 
opened with appropriate religious services, and Mr. 
Judson made this place his religious headquarters. 
Inquirers began to visit him, and he had the satis- 
faction of baptizing the first convert to the Chris- 
tian faith, Moung Nau, on the 27th of June, 1819. 
No sooner, however, did there appear some signs 
of success than a spirit of opposition began to be 
awakened, and Mr. Judson had reason to fear that 



JUDSON 



JIJDSON 



his work would be stopped by the arm of the civil 
power. With the hope of securing toleration, he 
went to Ava with Mr. Colman, and sought permis- 
sion to preach the new faith in Burmah. But the 
king would not grant the request, and they re- 
turned to Rangoon, and continued the prosecution 
of their mission work regardless of the opposition 
which had been awakened. Mr. Judson devoted 
himself especially to the translation of the Scrip- 
tures and the preparation of religious tracts, to be 
circulated among the people. 

We have now reached one of the most interest- 
ing periods of the life of Dr. Judson. Dr. Price, 
who had arrived at Rangoon in December, 1821, 
was summoned to the court of the king, in his 
capacity as a physician, and it was necessary that 
Mr. Judson should accompany him. Ilis recep- 
tion was favorable, and he had more than one 
opportunity to proclaim the gospel to the members 
of the royal family. The prospect for usefulness 
seemed so bright that he returned to Rangoon for 
Mrs. Judson, bringing her back to Ava, and began 
his missionary work, encouraged by the hope of 
greater success in his labors. But this hope was 
destined sooa to meet with utter disappointment. 
War broke out between England and Burmah. 
Rangoon fell into the hands of the British on the 
23d of May, 1824, and the tidings of its capture 
reached the capital two weeks after. The jealous 
Burman officers, regarding Dr. Price and Mr. Jud- 
son as spies, caused them to be arrested and thrown 
into a loathsome jail, where, for nine months, they 
were kept in the closest and most barbarous con- 
finement. They were then sent to a wretched 
place called Oung-pen-la, where they were ordered 
to be put to death. The sentence, however, was 
not carried into execution. With the continued 
success of the English arms, the fears of the king 
and his court became so aroused that negotiations 
were entered into, in which Mr. Judson took a 
prominent part, and, as one of the results, he ob- 
tained his freedom. As soon as practicable he left 
Ava, and once more returned to Rangoon, and soon 
removed with his family to Amherst, designed hence- 
forth to be the capital of British Burmah. For sev- 
eral months he was occupied with the English com- 
missioner, Mr. Crawford, at Ava, in negotiating 
with the Burman government a commercial treaty. 
During his absence Mrs. Judson died at Amherst, 
Oct. 24, 1826. Dr. Judson removed to Maulmain 
Nov. 14, 1827, and entei-ed once more upon his 
missionai'y work, which he carried on in Maul- 
main, Prome, Rangoon, and other localities, and 
he became especially interested in the conversion 
of the Karens. On April 10, 1834, he married Mrs. 
Sarah Board man. 

For many years Dr. Judson devoted a part of his 
time to the translation of the Scriptures into the 



Burmese language, and the compilation of aBurmese 
dictionary. On the last day of January, 1834, the 
closing page of the now wholly translated Bible 
was written by Dr. Judson. Many years were 
given to the careful revision of this work. In its 
completed state it is pronounced by competent 
judges to be nearly perfect. For several years 
Dr. Judson kept up his missionary labors, the 
blessing of God accompanying him in his toil. 
The failing health of Mrs. Judson forced him, in 
1845, to leave Burmah for America. She died at 
St. Helena, where she was buried. Dr. Judson 
continued his voyage, and reached Boston in the 
month of October. During his stay in this country 
he was everywhere the recipient of the kindest at- 
tentions, and when, after a few months of residence 
in this country, he returned to his Oriental home, 
with the third M'ife, who was to share his fortunes, 
the prayers of thousands of Christian hearts fol- 
lowed him. "It was no sectarian adulation of- 
fered to a distinguished name, but rather the nat- 
ural homage which Christian civilization pays to 
the cause of Christian philanthropy, — theinstinctive 
admiration of an intelligent and religious people for 
the character of one who has proved himself a great 
benefactor of mankind." After this visit of Dr. 
Judson to his native land a few more years were 
allotted to him to render service to the cause to 
which he had given so large a part of his life. He 
hoped to live long enough to complete the Burmese 
dictionary, and was busily engaged in its prepara- 
tion when he was attacked by the fever of the coun- 
try, which completely prostrated him. A sea-voy- 
age was recommended. The vessel sailed April 8, 
and four days after he died, and his body was com- 
mitted to the deep. 

Judson, Mrs. Ann Hasseltine, the first wife 
of Dr. Judson, was born in Bradford, Mass., Dec. 
22, 1789. She received her early education at the 
academy in her native place. Her conversion took 
place when she was not far from seventeen years 
of age. The interest which she exhibited for re- 
ligious reading of the most elevated character was 
remarkable in a person comparatively so young. 
She became a member of the Congregational church 
in Bradford Sept. 14, 1806. With a desire to be 
useful and to secure the means of an independent 
support, she engaged for several years, at intervals, 
in teaching. At the meeting of the Massachusetts 
Congregational Association at Bradford in June, 
1810, Mr. Judson met his future wife. His per- 
suasive words induced her to consent to share the 
fortunes of his missionary life, as well as to be the 
first American woman who "resolved to leave her 
friends and country to bear the gospel to the heathen 
in foreign climes." She was married to Mr. Judson 
Feb. 5, 1812. On the outward voyage to Calcutta 
she changed — as did her husband — her views on 



JUDSON 



628 



JUDSON 



the mode and subjects of baptism, and was baptized 
with her husband by Rev. Mr. Ward. The mis- 
sionary life of Mrs. Judson is so intertwined with 
that of Dr. Judson that the record of the latter 
contains all that, needs to be said in that of the 
former. With the same fidelity and patience which 
chai-acterized her husband, she applied herself to 
learning the language, and at the close of 1815 she 
states that she can both read and write it with a 
good degree of ease. She was the efficient helper 
of Dr. Judson for several years, when she was com- 
pelled by her failing health to return to her native 
land. On the 21st of August, 1821, she embarked 
for Bengal, and on reaching Calcutta took passage 
for England. The kindest attention was shown to 




MRS. ANN HASSELTINE JUDSON. 

her both in England and Scotland. She embarked 
on board the ship "Amity" at Liverpool, Aug. 16, 
1822, and arrived at New York the 25th of the 
September following, and after a brief visit in Phil- 
adelphia she hastened to her old home in Bradford. 
The severity of a Northern climate to one who had 
lived so many years in the East was more than her 
enfeebled constitution could endure, and she was 
forced to make her winter home in Baltimore with 
her brother-in-law, Dr. Elnathan Judson. Here 
she rapidly improved in health, and was able to 
write an interesting account of the Burman mis- 
sion. A few weeks of the following spring she 
spent among Christian friends in Washington, and 
then returned to Massachusetts. On the 21st of 
June, 1823, she embarked on her return voyage to 
Calcutta, having as her companions Rev. Jonathan 



Wade and his wife, and arrived at Rangoon on the 
5th of the following December. 

The narrative of the fortunes of Dr. and Mrs. 
Judson in Ava, to which city they proceeded soon 
after the arrival of the latter in Rangoon, is told 
in the sketch of the life of the former. The pitiful 
story of the dreadful sufferings of Oung-pen-la 
reads almost like a romance. The noble, heroic 
character of this most gifted woman has touched 
the sensibilities of thousands of Christian hearts, 
and the memorial of all that she did and endured 
for her husband will not soon be forgotten. When 
the anxiety and the intense and prolonged ex- 
citement connected with eighteen months of bitter 
trial had passed away, there came the natural re- 
action, and when the disease which forced her to 
return to her native land assumed a more violent 
type her weakened physical system was unable to 
endure the attack, and she yielded to its force. 
Early in the month of October, 1826, she was 
stricken with the fever which finally proved fatal, 
and died the 24th. The sad event was followed in 
a few months by the death of " little Maria," and 
together they were buried under the " Hopia" tree 
at Amherst. She was one of the noblest women 
that ever bore the Christian name. Her hallowed 
fame will be handed down with reverence to the 
last generation of Christ's followers on earth. 

Judson, Prof. C. H., was born in Monroe town- 
ship. Conn., in 1820. His early opportunities were 
limited to the common school. At eighteen his 
attention was powerfully turned to the subject of 
religion under the preaching of Rev. J. Robards. 
He became thoroughly convinced that the aim of 
man's life should be something higher than a mere 
subsistence. He resolved to seek the salvation of 
his soul, and soon he found peace in believing. 

Some remarks of Mr. Robards called his atten- 
tion to Locke's " Essay on the Human Understand- 
ing," which he read with eager interest, which 
opened up befoi'e him a new field of thought. He 
then resolved to secure an education. He spent 
two years at Hamilton Literary and Theological 
Institution. Afterwards he taught about three 
years, then he spent two years in the University of 
Virginia, graduating in five schools. 

After leaving the university he taught in Vir- 
ginia and North Carolina until 1851, when he was 
elected Professor of Mathematics and Natural Phil- 
osophy in Furman University, which position he 
held until 1861, when the war closed the univer- 
sity. In 1862 he was elected president of the 
Greenville Female College. He was recalled to his 
former position in the university in 1869, which he 
still holds. 

lie is singularly modest and retiring in his man- 
ners. His methodical habits fit him well for the 
post of treasurer of the university and of the Bap- 



JUDSON 



JVDSON 



tist State Convention. As a mathematician he 
probably has no superior in the South. 

Judson, Rev. Edward, the son of Dr, Adoni- 
ram Judson, the missionary, was born at Maul- 
main, Bunnah, Dec. 27, 1844. He graduated at 
Brown University in 1865. After teaching as prin- 
cipal of a seminary in Vermont he became tutor 
in Madison University, and in 1868 was appointed 
Professor of the Latin and Modern Langunges. In 
1875 he listened to the call of the church at North 
Orange, N. J., and was ordained pastor. He min- 
isters to a large and intelligent audience in one of 
the finest meeting-houses in the State ; and has 
seen a wonderful blessing upon his work. Between 
three and four hundred have been baptized by him 
within five years, and the denomination holds 
great prominence in the city of Orange. He has 
been often called to preach and speak before Asso- 
ciations, colleges, and denominational societies, and 
in 1880 he was elected a trustee of Brown Univer- 
sity. 

Judson, Mrs. Emily Chubbuck, was born in 

Eaton, N. Y., Aug. 22, 1817. Under the name of 
"Fanny Forrester" she wrote a number of articles 
in prose and poetry for the magazines of the day, 
which were afterwards collected together and pub- 
lished under the title of " Alderbrook," Boston, 
1846, 2 vols. She became the third wife of Dr. 
Judson, being married to him June 2, 1846, and 
left the country the 11th of the month, reaching 
Calcutta the 30th of November following. Dr. 
Judson re-established himself in Maulmain, his 
wife submitting with courage to all the hardships 
and self-denials of a missionary's life. Dr. Judson 
found in her a sympathizing companion and friend, 
helping him to the utmost of her power in his mis- 
sionary and literary work. She was not destined, 
however, to be long associated with him. In less 
than four years after their marriage he left her to 
enter upon that "long voyage" from which he 
never returned. After the death of her husband 
Mrs. Judson returned to this country, and died at 
Hamilton, N. Y., June 1, 1854. Besides " Aider- 
brook," she wrote an interesting biography of the 
second wife of Dr. Judson, Mrs. Sarah B. Judson. 

Judson Female Institute, located at Marion, 
Ala., was first opened for students Jan. 7, 1839, with 
the Rev. Milo P. Jewett as president, — ^a position 
which he held for sixteen years with great distinc- 
tion and a constantly increasing fame. Indeed, it 
is not too much to say that to Prof. Jewett, more 
than to any other man, the Judson is indebted for 
its existence and for the solid foundation on which 
its celebrity is laid. It is worthy of remark that 
the same distinguished gentleman was the first 
president of Vassar Female College. 

After Dr. Jewett, Prof. S. S. Sherman, A.M., 
was president from 1855 to 1859. Prof. Noah K. 



Davis was president from 1859 to 1864. Prof. J. 
G. Nash was president in 1864-65. Prof. A. J. 
Battle, D.D., was president from 1865 to 1872. 
Prof. R. II. Rawlings was president from 1872 to 
1875. Rev. M. T. Sumner, D.D., was president in 
1875-76. Rev. L. R. Gwaltney, D.D., was elected 
president in 1876, — a position which he still holds 
to the universal satisfaction of the friends of that 
famous institution of learning. There have been 
but three presidents of the board of trustees of the 
Judson Institute, — Gen. E. D. King, for twenty- 
three years ; Deacon W. W. Wyatt, for four years ; 
and Hon. Porter King, from 1868 to this time. 
The Judson, one of the oldest, is confessedly one 
of the best, female colleges in the United States. 
While it does not neglect solid and thorough edu- 
cation, it has always given special attention to the 
esthetic branches, and as a consequence has gained 
great reputation for the accomplishments which it 
bestows upon and weaves into the character of 
young ladies who are educated under its manage- 
ment. Its buildings and property are worth at 
least $75,000. It reports annually to the Baptist 
Convention of Alabama. 

Judson, Mrs. Sarah Boardman, the second 
wife of Dr. Judson, was born in Alstead, N. H., 
Nov. 4, 1803, and was the daughter of Ralph and 
Abiah Hall. At an early age she became a mem- 
ber of the First Baptist church in Salem, Mass., 
then under the pastoral charge of Rev. Dr. BoUes. 
Her thoughts began, soon after her conversion, to 
be turned towards the condition of the perishing 
heathen, and she longed to go forth and tell the 
story of a Saviour's love to those who were " sitting 
in darkness." While cherishing such desires as 
these she was introduced to George Dana Board- 
man, and found in him one whose tastes and wishes 
were like her own. Shortly before their departure 
from this country they were united in marriage, 
and took passage in the ship " Asia" for Calcutta, 
reaching the place of their destination Dec. 13, 
1825, where they remained until March, 1827, and 
then proceeded to Amherst, at which they stayed for 
a few weeks, and then went to Maulmain to enter 
upon their missionary work in that place. Here, 
among some things to try their faith and others to 
encourage them, she continued a faithful helper to 
her devoted husband. Under date of Jan. 1, 1828, 
he writes, " Mrs. Boardman is now surrounded by 
a group of Burman girls, and is delighted with her 
employment." When it was decided to commence 
a station at Tavoy, in order that Mr. Boardman 
might be brought into closer contact with the Ka- 
rens, she entered into the plan with all her heart. 
Again her husband writes under date of Aug. 17, 
1828, describing the manner in which the Sabbath 
was observed, " After family worship and break- 
fast Mrs. Boardman and myself, with the Chinese 



JUDSON 



630 



JUSTIFICATION 



Christians, have worship, and a printed sermon is 
read. Mrs. Boardinan is engaged in the afternoon 
in giving religious instruction to the scholars and 
domestics." A year from this date came the re- 
volt of Tavoy, and Mrs. Boardman, with George, 
hastened away, amid many perils, to a place of 
safety at Maulmain, her husband joining her in a 
few days. They returned early the next October 
to the scene of their labors in Tavoy. An alarming 
illness of Mrs. Boardman, early in 1830, awakened 
the fears of her friends that she might soon be taken 
away. She rallied at length, and was able to re- 
sume her work for a time, but the state of her health 
was such that it was thought best that she should 
make a temporary home in Maulmain. After some 
months she returned again to Tavoy, and accom- 
panied her husband on his last journey to the vil- 
lages of the Karens, and was with him to close his 
eyes in death on the 11th of February, 1831. 

Mrs. Boardman, after the death of her husband, 
continued to prosecute her missionary work as her 
health and strength permittted. On the 10th of 
June, 1834, she became the wife of Dr. Judson, and 
proved a most worthy successor of her who had so 
deservedly won his respect and love. For a little 
more than eleven years they shared each other's 
confidence and affection. After the birth of her 
last child, in December, 1844, she became the victim 
of a chronic disease, and the physicians decided 
that nothing would save her life but a long voyage. 
She embarked with her husband and three children 
April 26, 1845. Some encouraging symptoms were 
apparent in the early part of the voyage, but they 
proved deceptive, and she died on shipboard, in the 
port of St. Helena, Sept. 1, 1845. Mrs. Judson's 
knowledge of the Burmese language was singularly 
accurate. She translated the New Testament into 
the Peguan language, and the " Pilgrim's Progress" 
into Burmese. Dr. Judson, in the warmest terms, 
gave his testimony to her great worth. No one can 
read those charming lines of his commencing 

" We part on this green islet, love," 

without feeling that hers was a character of singu- 
lar grace and beauty. She was the mother of Dr. 
Boai-dman, the honored pastor of the First Baptist 
church of Philadelphia. 

Judson University, located at Judsonia, White 
■Co., Ark., was founded by some self-sacrificing 
Baptists, under the leadership of Prof. M. R. Forey, 
formerly of Chicago University, who became its 
first president. It was chartered in 1871, suitable 
buildings were erected, and an able Faculty organ- 
ized. In 1874, Prof. Forey resigned, and Rev. 
Benjamin Thomas, D.D., late of Ohio, was elected 
in his place. Dr. Thomas continued to discharge 
the duties of the position until 1880. He was suc- 
ceeded by Rev. R. S. James, M.D., a distinguished 



educator, whose enthusiasm has infused new life 
into the enterprise. The institution is yet young, 
but under its present able management bids fair 
to become permanently successful. The location 
is healthy, and it is surrounded by a thrifty popu- 
lation and superior lands. 

Justice, Rev. T, B. — A great friend to missions 
is this venerable man, who was born in Henderson 
Co., N. C, July 27, 1813; was baptized by Rev. 
Benjamin King in August, 1835 ; ordained in 1842 ; 
has frequently been moderator of the Green River 
and other Associations. A man of faith and fervor, 
and greatly beloved. 

Justification is not regeneration. A new heart 
lifts the affections from sinful objects, keeps them, 
by the aid of divine grace, from an immoderate 
love fbr proper earthly things, and fixes them 
supremely upon Jesus. It is not sanctifieation. 
It is a state in which holy principles, planted in 
the soul at the new birth, are cultivated and 
strengthened by the Spirit of God, until the disci- 
ple of Christ is fitted for the church in glory. It 
is not pardon. Barabbas, guilty of sedition and 
murder, was forgiven and set at liberty by Pilate. 
But no intelligent man would have said that he 
was justified by the governor of Judea when he 
was released from prison. Pardon and justification 
are great but widely differing privileges. 

In justification the law underlies everything. It 
has been broken, and it must be satisfied. It was 
inscribed upon the human conscience by the Crea- 
tor. The Saviour's version is no doubt the one re- 
ceived by Adam and revealed by Moses: "Thou 
shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, 
and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind ; . • . 
thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." — Matt, 
xxii. 37, 39. This law can never be abrogated or 
modified: "Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or 
one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law till 
all be fulfilled." Its requirements must be met 
to the very letter before a man can be justified, and 
without justification no one can enter heaven. 

The judge who pronounces the sentence of jus- 
tification is God the Father. " It is God that jus- 
tifieth, who is he that condemneth? It is Christ 
that died, yea, rather, that is risen again, who is 
even at the right hand of God, who also maketh in- 
tercession for us." — Rom. viii. 33, 34. From this 
we learn that the Saviour, as advocate, moves the 
Chief Justice of the universe to give his decision of 
justification, and that the First Person of the Trin- 
ity, on hearing his appeals, pronounces the justifi- 
cation of all believers. 

Forgiveness seems to be the special work of 
Christ, as the bestowment of the new birth is the 
peculiar office of the Holy Spirit. He gave the 
price of the soul, in obedience and sufferings, to 
the eternal Judge, the Vindicator of the holy law, 



JUSTIFICATION 



JUSTIFICATION 



and, after receiving this consideration of submission 
and dying throes, as a -holy Jehovah he justifies 
all who receive Christ. The Saviour, who pre- 
sented the redemption price, turns to those who 
have believed, and says, " I forgive you." Hence it 
is written, "Him hath God exalted with his right 
hand to be a Prince and a Saviour, for to give re- 
pentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins." — Acts 
V. 31. The Father, who receives the payment of 
the debt, justifies the soul: the Son, who made it 
for men without a claim upon him, forgives them. 

Christ is the occasion and the sole cause of our 
justification. The word p"}?f in the Old Testament, 
translated righteousness, and dcKaioavvrj, its repre- 
sentative in the New, describe Christ's grandest 
gift to his redeemed children. He imputes or 
reckons his righteousness to every one of them, 
and it becomes their own just as really as if they 
had " wrought it out" for themselves. 

By the righteousness of Christ we are to under- 
stand his complete submission to the precepts and 
penalties of the law of God, his perfect earthly 
obedience, and his unparalleled anguish ; these he 
places to the credit of each member of his elect 
family. 

The law we have already described was only 
kept by Adam and Eve before their fall. The 
purest unregenerate man on earth would not claim 
to have observed it, and if he did the pretense 
would be baseless. The holiest saint of the entire 
Christian family, though stained with the blood of 
his own martyrdom, never fully kept the law, one 
breach of which, though no greater than a jot or a 
tittle, is death : " For whosoever shall keep the 
whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is 
guilty of all." — James ii. 10. Like a vessel an- 
chored near the shore in a hurricane with one 
weak link in her anchor-chain, which breaks in 
the moment of greatest need, and destroys the ship, 
so one guilty act is an offense against the majesty 
of God and against his whole law, and it ruins the 
righteousness of its perpetrator. If one man had 
all the excellences of the whole American people 
from the lauding of the Pilgrims or the first set- 
tlement of the Cavaliers, and, in addition, the good 
qualities of all the rest of Adam's children, past 
and present, there would be thousands of broken 
links in the chain of his righteousness, and the 
ship of his hopes would surely be dashed to pieces. 
"Therefore by the deeds of the law (human per- 
formances) there shall no flesh be justified in his 
sight." — Rom. iii. 20. Jesus became our substi- 
tute to obey the law and suffer its penalty. When 
God arrested the descending hand of Abraham, 
about to kill Isaac, he seized a ram caught by 
Providence in a thicket near by, and offered it up 
instead of his son ; its blood was spilled instead of 
his, its life was sacrificed for his, its body was given 



to the flames which would have reduced Isaac's to 
ashes. And so " Christ also hath once suffered for 
sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring 
us to God." — 1 Peter iii. 18. He took our place 
before the violated law, and with it our guilt and 
pains, and he ended both, and gives the' righteous- 
ness he acquired to every saint. 

Paul says, "For he (the Father) hath made him 
(the Son) to be sin for us, who knew no sin, that 
we might be made the righteousness of God in 
him." — 2 Cor. v. 21. The word a/xapnav^ translated 
sin, means, in its New Testament use, sin, vice, 
wickedness. And it is without doubt properly 
translated in 2 Cor. v. 21. He was made sin, 
not by any guilty act of his own, but because the 
Lord laid on him the iniquities of us all. It was 
this that made the Father abandon him in death, 
and it was this that overwhelmed the glorious suf- 
ferer with horror as he realized the desertion. And 
just as he was made sin for us we are " made the 
righteousness of God in him." He creates a mutual 
exchange between himself and his redeemed ones ; 
he takes their guilt, and they become the righteous- 
ness of God (ducaioovvTieeov), " For Christ is the end 
(reAof) of the law for righteousness (justification) to 
every one that believeth,"— Rom. x. 4, — that is to 
say, he has obeyed all its precepts, and suffered all 
its pains, for every trusting disciple, and he gives 
him this divine righteousness ; this is " the right- 
eousness of God, which is by faith of Jesus Christ, 
unto all and upon all them that believe." — Rom. 
iii. 22; of which the Psalmist speaks when it is 
said, " David also describeth the blessedness of the 
man to whom God imputeth righteousness without 
works." — Rom. iv. 6. The great apostle declares 
that this righteousness justifies without any of our 
own works : " Therefore we conclude that a man 
is justified by faith without the deeds of the law." 
—Rom. iii. 28. 

In the New Testament, Christ and his people are 
represented as being one. Various figures are used 
to describe this union, but the most remarkable is 
that of a human body. "Now," says Paul, "ye 
are the body of Christ and members in particular." 
1 Cor. xii. 27. Jesus is the head of this heaven- 
favored body, and, as a consequence, the acts of 
the head belong to the whole body, and its privi- 
leges, powers, and sacred attributes. According to 
this teaching Christ's obedience and death are as 
much ours as they are his. Hence Paul says, 
"For the love of Christ constraineth us, because 
we thus judge, that if one died for all, then were 
all dead." — 2 Cor. v. 14. It follows from this un- 
doubted and blessed union that we all died with 
Christ upon the cross, that the same spotless robe 
that belongs to the head flows down in unstained 
beauty and purity over the whole body of Christ, 
of all names, ages, and worlds. 



JUTTEN 



632 



KALAMAZOO 



It is no wonder then that Paul says, " There is, 
therefore, now no condemnation to them who are 
in Christ Jesus." " It is God that justifieth, who 
is he that conderaneth?'' "Who shall lay any- 
thing to the charge of God's elect?" — Rom. viii. 1, 
33, 34. The righteousness of the holiest archangel 
is but the obedience and purity of a creature. The 
righteousness of a true believer is the immaculate 
Tobe of Immanuel, the righteousness of God, which 
shall for ever hide each moral defect, mortal weak- 
ness, and guilty stain. This robe envelops the 
soul and justifies it through the instrumentality 
of faith. As the hawser coming from a great 
steamship, when fastened to a dismasted and help- 
less vessel, gives her all the force of her powerful 
engines, and saves her, so faith binds the soul to 
Jesus, and gives it his justifying righteousness ; 
and for this reason it is written, " Being justified 
by faith, we have peace with God, through our 
Lord Jesus Christ." — Rom. v. 1. Faith isone of 
the fruits of the Holy Spirit in the soul (Gal. v. 22), 
and whatever merit there is in it belongs to the 
Comforter, as the whole merit of our righteousness 
is Christ's. So that every ransomed man, as he 
enters the eternal world and examines his entire 
religious exercises, will feel and affirm, " By the 
grace of God I am what I am ;" and his chief glory 
will be, "Jehovah is our righteousness." — Jer. 
xxiii. 6. 

"Jehovah Tsidkenu (our righteousness) ! tny treasure and boast; 
Jehovah Tsidkenu ! I ne'er can be lost; 
In tliee I shall conquer by flood and by field, 
My cable, my anchor, my breastplate and shield." 

Jutten, David B., D.D., present pastor of the 
Sixteenth Street Baptist church of New York, was 
born in that city Jan. 7, 1844. His parents, Ben- 



jamin and Emma Jutten, were Baptists. His early 
education was received in the public schools. In 
1859, at the age of fifteen, he united with the Berean 
Baptist church, having been baptized by the late 
Dr. Dowling. Soon after his membership was 
changed to the Bloomingdale Baptist church, now 
merged into the Central. From this church he re- 
ceived a license to preach in 1862. He entered 
Madison University in May of the same year, from 
which he graduated in 1867, and from the theolog- 
ical seminary in 1870. During this time he sup- 
plied for short periods, with acceptance, three 
churches, one in Connecticut, one in New Jersey, 
and one in New York State. After graduation, 
and in the same year, he was called to the E Street 
Baptist church, Washington, D. C. Here he passed 
three years in successful work. 

In 1873 he received a unanimous call from the 
Sixteenth Street church of New York City, after 
having preached one Sabbath with great accept- 
ance. The morning sermon on " The Office of the 
Spirit" indicated a man who realized the source of 
power in the church. In June, 1873, the new pas- 
tor was installed. Dr. Jutten preaches generally 
without notes. He is a man of large sympathy, 
and exhibits toward all a truly charitable spirit. 
He gives special attention to pastoral work. It is 
his endeavor to call upon every member of the 
church once a year, holding with all religious con- 

i versation and offering prayer with the family in 
accordance with the good old custom. He has 

j been greatly blessed in his labors during the past 
five years, and is still prospering. During this 
time there have been added to the church about 300 
members, of whom more than 200 have been re- 
ceived by baptism. 



K. 



Kalamazoo College. — For the beginning of the 
enterprise which resulted in the establishment of 
Kalamazoo College we must go back to the year 
1829. In November of that year Thomas Ward 
Merrill, a graduate of Waterville College in the 
class of 1825, having finished the course of theo- 
logical study at Newton in 1828, reached Michigan, 
seeking, as he then wrote, " to promote the intel- 
lectual as well as moral advancement of the people 
of the Territory of Michigan." He was the son 
of that Rev. Daniel Merrill who, in Sedgwick, Me., 
in 1805, became a Baptist, and was accompanied 
in his adoption of Baptist views by a large part of 



the Congregational church of which he had been 
many years pastor. The son was like his father in 
very hearty devotion to Baptist principles. 

In the prosecution of his plans he opened a clas- 
sical school in Ann Arbor. It, being the only one 
of the kind, as is supposed, in the Territory, was 
patronized by Detroit and the other early settle- 
ments, and enjoyed prosperity. 

From it the next season, July, 1830, Mr. Merrill 
issued, and traversed the Territory with a petition, 
of which he was the author, asking the Territorial 
Legislature to charter an institution under the name 
of the Michigan and Huron Institute, and secure 



KALAMAZOO 



KALAMAZOO 



its conti-ol to the Baptist denomination by prescrib- 
ing that three-fifths of its trustees should be of 
that faith. The object of the petition was favorably 
considered in the Legislature, but finally, meeting 
with objections from those opposed to its denomi- 
national features, the bill was laid over to the next 
session. 

Meanwhile, under the influence of those who had 
opposed it, an academy was incorporated and started 
at Ann Arbor, of which Mr. Merrill was urged to 
take charge. But feeling that his Christian and 
denominational aims and hopes would thus be com- 
promised, he declined. 

And the same season, concluding that the eastern 
shore of the peninsula was to prove uncongenial to 
the growth of his cherished enterprise, he resolved 



untrodden grasses and the unbent bushes of the 
Western prairies and openings, and encamping 
with enthusiastic admiration beneath the majestic 
forests and beside the miniature lakes of "Western 
Michigan. And among the waymarks which he 
was setting up, some of the first were those which, 
in his own mind, designated the places where his 
children should be baptized, his neighbors have 
their house of prayer and praise, and his denomi- 
nation their Hamilton of Christian learning, for he 
had come from where the long shadow of the Ham- 
ilton of Hascall and of Kendrick had swept over 
him. 

In the autumn of 1831 there were to he seen traces 
of these two pioneers coming together and planning 
methods by which to raise money to purchase land 




A^MAZOO COLLEGE. 



to transfer it to the western shore. And as Kala- 
mazoo was a forest through which but the smoke 
of one log cabin rose, he sought the older settle- 
ment of Prairie Ronde, among whose first settlers 
he assisted in building a house for schools and 
meetings, and occupied it for those uses as early as 
the winter of 1830-31. 

The question now was where to drive the stake 
for the permanent institution, and how to purchase 
lands for its use, for it was then the design that it 
should incorporate the manual-labor system. And 
another question was how to reappear before the 
Legislature and secure the act of incorporation. 

Fortunately the practical wisdom, the generous 
liberality, and the intelligent Christian citizenship 
of Caleb Eldred stood now waiting to ally them- 
selves with the high aims and the unconquerable 
tenacity of Thomas W. Merrill. Judge Eldred was 
then just dragging his surveyor's chain through the 
41 



for the occupancy of the contemplated institution. 
And an appeal to the benevolent Baptists of the 
East was agreed upon. Accordingly, Mr. Merrill 
visited the meeting of the Michigan Association at 
Pontiac in September of that year, and secured 
the recommendation of that body for him to visit 
the East on such an agency. A month later he 
was at the Baptist Convention of the State of New 
York, and received a hearty commendation of his 
object signed by Elon Galusha, John Peck, C. M. 
Fuller, Archibald Maclay, Charles G. Somers, 
Jonathan Going, B. T. Welch, B. M. Hill, Philan- 
der D. Gillette, and others. 

So far as appears, the first subscriptions paid in 
this work, except what Mr. Merrill paid in defray- 
ing his own expenses, were seven ten-dollar ones 
from these seven honored and ever to be remem- 
bered names: Jonathan Going, Nathan Caswell, 
James Wilson, John H. Harris, Byron & Green, 



KALAMAZOO 



KALAMAZOO 



William Colgate, and E. Withington. This money 
went to purchase the property first bought for the 
institute in Bronson (now Kalamazoo). 

Returning from this agency in 1832, Mr. Merrill, 
Judge Eldred, and others renewed the petition to 
the Legislature for the incorporation of the institu- 
tion, under the name of the Michigan and Huron 
Institute, and without any provisions for denom- 
inational control, suggesting, however, the names 
of the petitioners and others as trustees. These 
names embraced the early ministers and active 
brethren of the Baptist denomination then resident 
in the Territory. 

The bill, introduced in answer to the petition, 
had to work its way through some objections, but 
receiving the helping hand of Judge Manning, in 
addition to the watchful efforts of the petitioners, it 
passed, and, after lodging some time in the hands 
of the governor, was helped over his scruples by a 
committee, consisting of John Booth, F. P.'Brown- 
ing, and T. W. Merrill, and was finally approved 
April 22, 1833. 

The first president of the board of trustees was 
Caleb Eldred, who for twenty-five years worthily 
filled the office, and was relieved of it only after his 
repeated and earnest solicitations. 

As the charter did not locate the institute, a 
tedious work awaited the trustees in determining 
that important matter. There were long journeys 
over primitive roads to meetings in Clinton, Troy, 
Ann Arbor, Comstock, Whitmansville, and else- 
where, often resulting in a failure of the necessary 
quorum, and sometimes issuing in nearly a dead- 
lock of rival contestants for the prize. But at 
length, in the autumn of 1835, Providence gave 
the weary fledgling a nest in Kalamazoo, through 
the subscription of $2500 by residents there, and 
the purchase of 115 acres of land in what is now 
the south part of the village, which property was 
afterwards converted into the site and building ac- 
commodations now occupied on the west side of the 
village, where, through favoring providences, no 
complaint of ineligibility has ever arisen, or can 
ever arise, to be among the embarrassments of the 
enterprise. Twenty years later the adjoining site 
was secured through the liberal and timely supply 
of $1500 by Mrs. H. E. Thompson ; and the beau- 
tiful and commodious building which now graces it 
was entered and dedicated in the autumn of 1859. 

No effort was made to endow the institution, nor 
was any debt suffered to accrue from its operation 
during the first twenty years of its history. Its 
expense for instruction was not large, as its course 
of study was chiefly preparatory. Moreover, the 
inferior condition of the public schools, and their 
lack of all high school facilities, left the people 
quite ready to extend to a good select school a 
remunerative patronage. And much of the time 



other corporations assumed the current expenses 
of the institute ; for a while the State University 
supported it as one of its branches, and after- 
wards the Baptist Convention adopted it as the 
literary helpmate for its theological education. 
Yet the property of the institute always remained 
distinct, and its board of trustees allowed no inter- 
mission of their meetings and controlling care. 

The privileges of the institute were free alike to 
both sexes from the first, except during, and for a 
little after, the time that the Baptist Convention 
paid the teachers ; and, indeed, throughout this 
period, rooms were supplied free of rent, in which 
a school for young women was maintained. 

In February, 1855, the charter was amended so 
as to confer full college powers, the name changed 
to Kalamazoo College, and the corps of instructors 
enlarged so as to meet the demands of the college 
course, which was required by the charter to be of 
as high grade as that of the State University. 

The successive principal teachers from the estab- 
lishment of the school till it became a college were 
Mr. Marsh, "Walter Clark, Nathaniel A. Balch, 
David Alden, William Button, and James A. B. 
Stone. The last named of these had charge of the 
school from 1843, and, with the entrance of the in- 
stitution on its career as a college, he was appointed 
its president, and remained until 1864. Mrs. Stone 
was associated with him during all these years. 

From 1864 to 1867, Rev. John M. Gregory, 
LL.D., was president, and, after an interval of 
more than a year, was followed, in 1868, by the 
present president. Rev. Kendall Brooks, D.D. 

In 1870 the " ladies' course," which prescribed 
a somewhat lower range of studies than the regu- 
lar college course, was discontinued, and since that 
time both sexes have had equal admission to all 
the courses of study. 

In 1853 the sum of $20,000 was secured by sub- 
scription towards the endowment of the college, 
and, in 1858, $10,000 for the new building. A few 
years later the sum of $30,000 was subscribed, and, 
immediately after the election of President Brooks, 
$50,000. 

The ground and buildings occupied by the col- 
lege are not wholly its property. The Baptist 
Convention of the State of Michigan owns the 
older edifice, used for students' dormitories, con- 
taining also the library and two halls for the lit- 
erary societies of the young men. The new build- 
ing, designated at its dedication as Kalamazoo Hall, 
in recognition of the fact that the expense of its 
erection was mostly paid by citizens of Kalamazoo, 
contains chapel, recitation -rooms, apparatus-room, 
and music-room. The whole real estate is esti- 
mated to be worth $100,000. The present endow- 
ment is about $80,000, of which a part is not now 
productive. There is nominally one endowed pro- 



KALLOCH 



635 



KANSAS 



fessorship of §10,000, established by Mr. Merrill, 
who also oflFered S15,000 as scholarships, the in- 
come to be given to students preparing for the min- 
istry in Baptist churches. Of the whole sum, how- 
ever ($25,000), only one thousand dollars was paid 
in cash, and the paper in which the rest was paid 
is not at present yielding any income. It is hoped 
that both endowments will become productive ere 
long. 

Among those who have held professorships in 
the college the following may properly be named : 
William L. Eaton, Samuel Graves, D.D., Edward 
Olney, LL.D., Daniel Putnam, Edward Anderson, 
H. L. AVayland, D.D., Silas Bailey, D.D., LL.D., 
James A. Clark, Samuel Brooks, D.D., William C. 
Morey, Nathan S. Burton, D.D. 

Honorary degrees have been very sparingly given. 
Only four men have received the degree of Doctor 
of Divinity, and three that of Doctor of Laws, from 
the college, during the first twenty-five years of its 
history. 

We rejoice, in looking through the history of the 
college, that we are brought into something of the 
presence of an indwelling God. Revivals of re- 
ligion have not been strange things in its history. 
For a long time nearly every year witnessed the 
cloud of God's saving and consecrating presence 
standing at the door of the institution. Some years 
the companies that have joined themselves to the 
Lord in covenant have been large. Fifty in a year 
have entered our Baptist family through the ap- 
pointed door, while many more confessed Christ 
otherwise or elsewhere ; and not a few have owed 
their call to the Christian ministry to these seasons 
of quickening from spiritual death. 

Kalloch, Rev. Amariah, was bom in 1808 at 

Warren, Me. He was one of the foremost ministers 
in his native State from 1830 to 1849, when he sailed 
for California, there having contracted a fever, and 
unwilling to remain quiet until fully restored, he 
set out upon a mission from Sacramento to Placer- 
ville, where he died in 1850. He belonged to a 
family of preachers well known in New England. 
He had great natural talents, and was distinguished 
for his piety, enthusiasm, and marked success in 
revival preaching and pastoral work. In 1832 he 
was ordained at Thomaston, where he organized a 
church at a small hamlet four miles distant, at 
Rockland. The church increased to 400 members 
under his oversight. In 1847 he was settled at 
Augusta, from which he removed to California. 
He was universally beloved. Many hundreds were 
baptized as the fruit of his labors. 
Kane, Chaplain James J., U. S. Navy, was 

l)orn in the city of Ottawa, Canada, Oct. 18, 1837 ; 
was sent to Europe at an early age ; spent two 
years at a French, and four years at a leading Eng- 
lish, college ; in consequence of ill health was com- 



pelled to give up his studies, and went on a voyage 
to the Arctic regions. He followed the sea for sev- 
eral years, rising to the command of a vessel. In 
1857 joined the Methodist Episcopal church. In 
1861 was baptized in the Delaware River by Rev. 
Jos. Perry, pastor of the Mariners' Baptist Bethel 
of Philadelphia. Feeling called to preach the gos- 
pel, Mr. Kane made preparation to enter upon a 
theological course at Lewisburg, Pa. The civil 
war breaking out, he entered the naval service as 
an officer, and during the four years of the conflict 
performed the additional duties of a chaplain. 

At the close of the war he entered the theological 
department of Lewisburg, Pa., and graduated in 
regular course in the class of 1867. He was or- 
dained to the ministry the year previous in the 
Mariners' Baptist Bethel, in order to file his appli-' 
cation for a chaplaincy in the navy. 

By the special request of Admiral D. G. Farra- 
gut, Mr. Kane was commissioned as chaplain in 
June, 1868 ; has served in various ships and stations 
since that time. In 1870 he spent one year at Har- 
vard Law-School. Chaplain Kane is the author 
of the work, " Adrift on the Black AVild Tide." 

Kansas Baptist State Convention was organ- 
ized in 1860, before Kansas became a State, and 
when there were only about 40 churches in the 
Territory. Its first officers were Rev. I. S. Kalloch, 
president; Rev. L. A. Alderson, vice-president; 
and Rev. E. Alward, secretary. 

In 1861, Rev. A. Perkins, D.D., was present as 
pastor of Atchison church, and 26 Baptist ministers 
were reported as residing in the Territory, and 
about 1200 members. 

In 1864 the churches were reported as numbering 
54, and the additions during the previous year 191 
persons. 

In 1866 Leavenworth was represented by Rev. 
Winfield Scott, Ottawa by Rev. Isaac Sawyer, and 
Lawrence by Rev. E. D. Bentley. Rev. J. G. Pratt 
and C. Journeycake were delegates from the Dela- 
ware Reserve. 

In 1868, Rev. C. A. Bateman was general mis- 
sionary, and the names of Deacon S. J. Nugent, 
Prof. J. R. Downer, Hon. J. S. Emery, Rev. Robert 
Atkinson, and Rev. H. K. Stimson are reported 
among the active delegates at the Convention. 

In 1869, Prof. Downer made an interesting report 
concerning church building along the line of the 
Kansas Pacific Railroad. 

In 1870, Rev. Winfield Scott resigned his charge 
at Leavenworth to do general missionary work 
throughout the State. Judge Emery stated in his 
report on statistics that there were in the State 146 
Baptist churches, of which 22. with a membership 
of 350 persons, had been organized during the 
year, and that of 84 ordained Baptist ministers 
in the State, and 9 licentiates, all but 2 or 3 were 



KARENS 6 

proclaiming the gospel. The afrgregate member- 
ship at this time was about 6087, and great progress 
was made in erecting houses of worship. 

In 1871 it was reported that nearly $60,000 had 
been expended in beginning or completing church 
edifices during the preceding year, and that the 
State contained 179 churches, with an aggregate of 
7000 members. M. A. Clark was present this year 
as Sunday-school missionary for the State. 

In 1872, Rev. Robert Atkinson was general mis- 
sionary of the Home Mission Society, and Rev. F. 
M. Ellis, of Lawrence, was secretary of the Con- 
vention, and Deacon E. J. Nugent, of Ottawa, its 
treasurer. Mr. Atkinson reported that 3 general 
missionaries and 19 missionary pastors had been 
employed in the State during the year, at an ex- 
pense of $6750, which was appropriated by the 
Home Mission Society for the purpose, the amount 
raised in Kansas for State purposes being included 
in this amount. 

The decade from 1870 to 1880 began with a desire 
for church edifices far beyond the ability of the 
people to erect, and it had a very demoralizing 
efi"ect on the churches, which were crippled greatly 
on account of it. Rev. E. Gunn labored faithfully 
as the district secretary of the Home Mission 
Society during a portion of this time, but under 
very great disadvantages. In 1879 and 1880, Rev. 
James French, who had been stationed at Denver, 
Colorado, as district secretary of the Home Mission 
Society over a large territory, including the moun- 
tain regions, was directed to include with his other 
work the attempt to liquidate the debts on Kansas 
church edifices. This, with the aid of pastors and 
others, was accomplished, and a new method of 
co-operation with the Home Mission Society was 
successfully inaugurated ; so that with the begin- 
ning of a new decade, in 1880, and with a general 
missionary highly esteemed by the churches (Rev. 
Granville Gates), and Prof. AVard, of the State Agri- 
cultural College, as corresponding secretary, the 
Baptists of Kansas occupy a more favorable position 
than ever before. According to the "Year-Book" 
of 1881, the Baptists of Kansas had 

Associations 21 

Churches 441 

Ordained ministers 309 

Members 17,648 

Karens. — See article on Burmah. 

Karen Theological Seminary.— Early in the 

history of our missions the conclusion was reached 
that the mission churches must be taught, as soon 
as possible, to be self-sustaining, and that a native 
ministry must be trained to take the pastoral over- 
sight of them. The ministry thus raised up must be 
educated, and the necessary facilities furnished to se- 
cure the needed instruction. At the annual meeting 
of the board of the Missionary Union, in Albany, in 
1843, Dr. Wayland, as chairman of a committee on 



the education of native teachers and preachers, re- 
ported in favor of the establishment of a theological 
school for the Karens. Immediate steps were taken 
to carry into effect this recommendation, and Rev. 
Dr. Binney and his wife sailed from this country 
in November, 1843, to take charge of the new in- 
stitution. The location first selected for it was in the 
neighborhood of Maulmain, and it was named New- 
ton. The first term M-as opened ]May 28, 1845, and 
thirty-six students were in attendance at the close 
of the first year. For the next few years the school 
was successful under the supervision of Dr. Bin- 
ney. In September, 1850, Dr. Binney was obliged to 
leave, with Mrs. Binney, who was ill, for the United 
States, and the institution was left in charge of 
Rev. N. Harris, and in 1853 it was placed under 
the care of Rev. J. H. Vinton. In consequence of 
the ravages of the cholera, it was suspended at the 
close of the first term. When it was reorganized, 
in 1854, Dr. Wade was selected to take charge of 
it until the return of Dr. Binney, who resumed his 
old position May 25, 1860, the institution having 
been removed from Maulmain to Rangoon. In 
1863, Rev. C. H. Carpenter was added to the corps 
of teachers, and Rev. D. W. Smith in 1865. After 
six years of faithful service. Dr. Binney was obliged 
again to return to this country on account of the 
impaired health of Mrs. Binney. For some twO' 
years Messrs. Carpenter and Smith had the over- 
sight of the institution, and then Dr. Binney once- 
more returned to his post, Mr. Smith retiring tO' 
Heuthada, to fill the place made vacant by the re- 
moval of Mr. Thomas to Bassein. From the open- 
ing of the institution, in 1843, to Sept. 30, 1867, 
the sum of $12,330.16 had been expended in meet- 
ing its wants. The late Prof. Ruggles, of Wash- 
ington, has been a liberal donor to the funds of the- 
seminary, and to him more than to any other 
person is to be attributed, under God, its present- 
prosperity. Mr. Smith returned to the seminary 
in 1869 and remained for a short time, and then re- 
sumed his duties at Henthada. For the past few- 
years the institution has done its work with success.. 
Dr. Binney's health failing, he left Rangoon Nov. 
14, 1876. The seminary for more than a year was 
under the care of native teachers. Mr. Smith, who 
had again been placed on the corps of instructors,, 
reached Rangoon in the latter part of 1876, soon 
after the departure of Dr. Binney, and at once en- 
tered upon the duties of his office as the presiding 
officer of the seminary. Its aff"airs are in a hopeful 
and prosperous condition, and the happiest results 
may be predicted for it in the future. 

Kay, Robert G., was born in Culpeper Co., 
Va., Sept. 10, 1804. About the year 1825 he was 
converted, and united with a Baptist church in 
Christian County of which the lady whom he mar- 
ried, Miss Cynthia A. Burruss, and who survives 



KEACH 



KEACH 



him, was already a member. In October, 1833, he 
removed with his family to Illinois and settled at 
Payson, where he resided for more than forty years 
upon the same homestead. From this farm his 
family of eleven children, as they successively 
reached manhood and womanhood, went forth to 
do their life-work. Among these children was Mrs. 
E. P. Scott, well known as formerly a missionary, 
with her husband. Rev. E. P. Scott, in Assam. Mr. 
Kay always took an active interest in all public 
questions, but it was in the name of Christ that his 
energies were chiefly enlisted. Here he loved to 
bestow his prayers, his labors, and gifts. In dona- 
tions he sometimes seemed almost prodigal, yet 
what he gave was always returned to him in larger 
measure. He was one of the constituent members 
of the Payson Baptist church at its organization, in 
1834 ; was chosen to the deaconship in 1836, and 
continued in that office until his death. The Sab- 
bath-school of the church was organized in 1840 ; 
he was its first superintendent, and while he lived 
continued to labor in the school either in this or 
in some other capacity. He also had an active 
, share in the organization of the Quincy Baptist 
Association. His death occurred at Payson, Adams 
Co., 111., May 12, 1877. 
Keach, Rev. Benjamin, was born in Stoke- 

haman, England, Feb. 29, 1640. He found peace 
through Christ in his fifteenth year ; and being un- 
able to discover infant baptism or baptism by 
sprinkling in the Bible, and being fully satisfied 
that every believer should be immersed, he was 
baptized after the Saviour's example by John 
Russel, and united with a neighboring Baptist 
church. This community, perceiving his remark- 
able talents, encouraged him, when he was eigh- 
teen years old, to exercise his gifts as a minister. 

At first he was an Arminian about the extent of 
the atonement and free-will, but the reading of the 
Scriptures and the conversation of those who knew 
the will of God more perfectly relieved him from 
both errors. In 1668, in the twenty-eighth year 
of his age, he was ordained pastor of the church 
of Horsleydown, Southwark, London. The con- 
gregation increased so rapidly after Mr. Keach be- 
came pastor, that they had repeatedly to enlarge 
their house of worship. 

Mr. Keach soon became a famous disputant on 
the Baptist side ; he had taken Richard Baxter in 
hand, to the serious injury of the bishop of Kidder- 
minster, and others had felt his heavy blows. 

The Rev. John Tredwell, of Lavingham, a friend 
of Mr. Keach, was blessed in his ministry by the 
conversion of several vicious persons, who united 
with his church; this stirred up the indignation 
of the Rev. AVm. Burkitt, the commentator, a neigh- 
bor of Mr. Tredwell, who cast many unjust reflec- 
tions upon the Baptists and their doctrines. Mr. 



Tredwell wrote Mr. Burkitt giving some reasons 
why he should abandon the unchristian course he 
was pursuing. Mr. Burkitt, at a time when Mr. 
Tredwell and his people were gathered in the sanc- 
tuary for public worship, with a number of his 
parishioners, entered the meeting-house, and de- 
manded that Mr. Tredwell and his church should 
hear his view of the points in dispute. Mr. Tred- 
well, taken aback somewhat by "such a riotous 
and tumultuous challenge," agreed to let him speak 
against Baptist beliefs and usages, provided that he 
should have an opportunity to reply. For nearly 
two hours Air. Burkitt sustained infant baptism, 
and then he and his " riotous company departed 
without giving Mr. Tredwell an opportunity of 
making any return, except to a few of his own 




RET. BENJAMIN KEACH. 

persuasion that were left behind." Mr. Burkitt 
speedily published the substance of the address so 
rudely intruded upon the Baptist minister and his 
people. Mr. Keach, as a valiant defender of the 
faith, was invited to reply to Mr. Burkitt' s argu- 
ments, which he did effectively in " The Rector 
Rectified and Corrected." Mr. Burkitt was rector 
of Dedham. 

He was challenged by some Episcopal ministers 
to discuss baptism at Gravesend, near London. As 
he went to that place in a boat with some friends, 
he incidentally alluded to the proposed meeting in 
a way that permitted a stranger, an Episcopal min- 
ister, to know that he was Mr. Keach. This person 
attacked him about infant baptism, and received 
such a complete drubbing that as soon as the boat 



REACH 



638 



REACH 



touched land he started for his Episcopal brethren 
and informed them of the arguments which Mr. 
Keach would use and of his method of putting 
them. The result of the interview between Mr. 
Reach's fellow-traveler in the Gravesend boat and 
his brethren was that they went away as quickly 
as possible, leaving Mr. Reach without an antago- 
nist. 

Mr. Reach was often in prison for preaching, and 
his life was frequently in danger. Some cavalry 
sent down to Buckinghamshire to suppress the re- 
ligious meetings of Dissenters found Mr. Reach 
preaching, and swore that they would kill him. 
He was seized and bound and laid on the earth, 
and four of the troopers were ready to trample him 
to death with their horses; but just as they were 
going to put spurs to their horses an officer who 
perceived their object rode up and stopped them. 
He was taken to prison, from which he obtained a 
release after suffering great hardships. 

In 1664 he wrote "The Child's Instructor." 
For the heresies against the Episcopal Church in 
the little work he was arrested and' bound over 
under heavy penalties to appear at court. The 
assizes began at Aylesbury Oct. 8, 1664. The 
judge was Lord Chief Justice Hyde, afterwards 
Lord Clarendon, who acted like Jeffreys at the 
" Bloody Assizes." He abused Mr. Reach out- 
rageously, he threatened the jury, and he evidently 
wanted to have Mr. Reach executed if he could 
terrify him into making some unwise statements. 
The jury brought in a verdict that Mr. Reach was 
guilty in part. And when asked to explain their 
verdict the foreman said, " In the indictment he is 
charged with these words, ' When the thousand 
years shall be expired, then shall all the rest of the 
devils be raised' ; but in the book it is, ' Then shall 
the rest of the dead be raised.'" The judge in- 
formed the jury that they could bring him in guilty 
of all the indictments but that sentence. They 
brought in the prompted verdict. And immediately 
the judge said: "Benjamin Reach, you are here 
convicted for writing, printing, and publishing a 
seditious and schismatical book, for which the 
court's judgment is that you go to jail for a fort- 
night without bail, and the next Saturday stand 
upon the pillory at Aylesbury in the open market 
for the space of two hours, with a paper upon your 
head with this inscription, ' For writing, printing, 
and publishing a schismatical book entitled " The 
Child's Instructor, or a New and Easy Primer," ' 
and the next Thursday to stand in the same man- 
ner and for the same time in the market of Wins- 
low ; and then your book shall be openly burnt 
before your face by the common hangman in dis- 
grace of you and your doctrine. And you shall 
forfeit to the king's majesty the sum of twenty 
pounds ; and shall remain in jail until you find 



sureties for your good behavior and appearance at 
the next assizes, there to renounce your doctrines 
and make such public submission as shall be en- 
joined upon you." The sheriff was as rigorous in 
executing this infamous sentence as the judge was 
insolent in pronouncing it. 

On the pillory at Aylesbury Mr. Reach defended 
himself and the truth with great boldness. The 
jailer frequently interrupted him, and finally the 
sheriff himself threatened to have him gagged. 
The people, contrary to custom, had no words of 
mockery for the good, persecuted minister, and no 
offensive missile was hurled at him. An Episcopal 
minister who ventured to assail Mr. Reach in tlie 
pillory was immediately reproached by the people 
with the ungodliness of his own life, and his voice 
was drowned in laughter. At Winslow, where he 
lived, he suffered the same shameful penalty, and 
a copy of his little book was burned. 

Mr. Reach was a zealous Baptist; he aided min- 
isters who came to him from all parts of his country, 
he had many meeting-houses built, and his works 
in defense of Baptist principles were read all over 
the kingdom. Before his death men spoke of him 
as the " famous" Mr. Reach, and he is still de- 
scribed by writers as a man of great celebrity. His 
two most popular works are " Tropologia, or a Rey 
to open Scripture Metaphors," and " Gospel Mys- 
teries Unveiled, or an Exposition of all the Para- 
bles." The latter work is more frequently offered 
for sale in the catalogues of the great London sec- 
ond-hand bookstores than any production of Rich- 
ard Baxter, John Howe, or Jeremy Taylor. Mr. 
Reach was the author of forty-three works. He 
died July 18, 1704, in his sixty-fourth year. He 
was a devout Christian who led a blameless life 
and died in the triumphs of faith. 

Keach, Rev. Elias, was bom in 1667. He was 
the only son of the Rev. Benjamin Reach, a distin- 
guished Baptist minister of London, England. He 
came to Philadelphia in 1686, when he was nineteen 
years of age. At the time of his arrival in this country 
he was a very ungodly young man. To make him- 
self appear to be a clergyman he wore black cloth- 
ing and bands, and he was at once taken for a min- 
ister. He speedily had an opportunity of showing 
his clerical talents by conducting a public service. 
He succeeded with his imposition until he had 
preached a considerable portion of his sermon. 
Then he stopped abruptly and " looked like a man 
astonished." The people supposed that he had 
been taken by some serious and unexpected com- 
plaint. But as they gathered around him they 
learned from him that he was neither a minister 
nor a Christian, and he made the communication 
with tears and " much trembling." Great was his 
anguish, and to obtain relief he went to Elder 
Dungan, of Cold Spring, near Bristol, Pa., who 



REACH 



KEELY 



encouraged him to take his guilty soul to the sin- 
cleansing Redeemer. Soon the young man was a 
happy believer, full of ardent love to the Lord 
Jesus, and anxious to be a true preacher of his 
glad tidings. Elder Dungan baptized him; and 
from the Cold Spring church and pastor he went 
forth ordained to preach Jesus. 

Mr. Reach constituted the Lower Dublin church 
in January, 1688. This church immediately elected 
him its pastor; and from it has sprung the wealthy 
and influential sisterhood of churches that now 
makes Philadelphia the home of the greatest num- 
ber of Baptists in any large city in America. Mr. 
Reach labored in Pennsylvania and New Jersey 
with burning zeal, journeying far, preaching often, 
and succeeding marvelously. The Lower Dublin 
church at one time embraced in its membership 
all the Baptists in Pennsylvania and New Jersey ; 
and to accommodate its widely scattered commu- 
nicants the Lord's Supper was administered at 
Burlington and Cohansey, N. J., and at Chester, 
Philadelphia, and Lower Dublin, Pa. Lower Dub- 
lin at that time was the seat and centre of the 
Baptist denomination in several colonies, and from 
the community founded and extended so widely 
by Mr. Reach the Philadelphia Baptist Association 
arose, the first Association of our brethren on this 
side of the Atlantic. 

Mr. Reach married Miss Moore, a daughter of 
Chief Justice Nicholas Moore, of Pennsylvania. 
Owing to some difficulties in the Lower Dublin 
church, Mr. Reach returned to England in 1792. 

After his return to London he organized a 
church, of which he became pastor, into the mem- 
bership of which he baptized about 130 souls in 
nine months after reaching London. He died in 
1701 in the thirty-fourth year of his age. 

He was a preacher of popular talents and of un- 
doubted piety. He often had a congregation at 
the morning lecture, supported by the Baptists 
in Pinner's Hall, London, of 1500 persons. Mr. 
Reach published " Four Sermons on Justification,'" 
"A Treatise on Discipline," and "Two Sermons 
on the Nature and Excellency of the Grace of 
Patience." 

Keachi Female College, located at Reachi, 
De Soto Parish, La., was chartered in 1857, with a 
capital stock of §18,000, and with buildings do- 
nated by Thomas M. Gattin, which cost S4500. 
The school opened in 1858 under Dr. J. S. Bacon, 
of South Carolina, who resigned in a short time, 
and Rev. J. H. Tucker succeeded him. At the be- 
ginning of the war 125 young ladies were in at- 
tendance. During the war the school was sus- 
pended, and the buildings used for a Confederate 
hospital. After the war it was reorganized, under 
Peter Crawford, who held the position until 1871, 
when he resigned, and Rev. J. H. Tucker was 



again called to the presidency, and has continued 
in office until the present time. The college has 
gradually regained its former prosperity. 

Keely, Rev. George, was bom at Walsham, 

County of Sufl"olk, England, July 26, 1772. Early 
in life he lost his father, and was thrown upon the 
care of an affectionate mother, whose instructions 
and wise counsels exerted an influence upon his 
youthful mind which was most salutary. AVhen 
he was eighteen years of age he went to London, 
friendless and alone. By diligence and application 
to business he soon made for himself a position in 
which he bade fair to secure prosperity in his 
worldly affairs. The providence of God directed 
him to the place of worship where Dr. Rippon was 
the pastor, the same church of which Mr. Spur- 
geon is now the minister. Here he was converted 
and baptized. Soon after, he abandoned business, 
and prepared for the ministry at Bristol College 
under the charge of Dr. Ryland. He became the 
pastor of the Baptist church in Northampton in 
1799, remaining there ten years, at the end of 
which period he became pastor of a church in 
Ridgemount, in the County of Bedford, and con- 
tinued there until he resigned in 1818 to come to 
this country. Soon after reaching the United 
States he became the pastor of the First Baptist 
church in Haverhill, Mass., and was recognized as 
such Oct. 7, 1818. For nearly fourteen years he 
continued his labors in this important church, and 
established a reputation for being one of the ablest 
ministers in the denomination in Massachusetts. 
Upon his resignation he declined all overtures 
again to settle as a pastor. He passed the re- 
mainder of his life in such employments as were 
congenial with his tastes, and died, at the great age 
of ninety-four years, at Hampton Falls, N. H. 

Keely, Prof. George Washington, LL.D., was 

born in Northampton, England, Dec. 25, 1803. His 
father, Rev. George Reely, came. to this country in 
1818, and for several years was pastor of the First 
Baptist church in Haverhill. George entered 
Brown University in 1820, and graduated with the 
highest honors of his class in 1824. He was ap- 
pointed tutor of the Latin and Greek Languages in 
Brown University in 1825, and continued in the 
office for three years, and gained for himself a high 
reputation as an accomplished instructor. Having 
taught a private school for a year, he was appointed 
in 1829 Professor of Mathematics and Natural Phi- 
losophy in AVaterville College. A new direction 
was soon given to his studies, which hitherto had 
been in the department of languages. He had so 
vigorous a mind that it was not difficult to turn his 
intellectual energies into new channels, and he 
soon mastered the more abstruse studies to which 
he now directed his attention, and proved himself 
to be one of the ablest scholars in the land in the 



KEELY 



KEEN 



special direction to which he applied himself. For 
twenty-three years he held the office of Professor 
of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, securing 
for himself the sincere respect and the warm ad- 
miration of the students who came under his super- 
vision. He resigned his professorship in 1852, and 
returned to more private life. He was employed 
for several years in the United States Coast Sur- 
vey, and was also a correspondent of the Royal 
Observatory of England. Prof. Keely combined 
in himself what might be regarded as opposite 
traits of character. He was modest almost to 
timidity and lived the life of a scholastic recluse, 
and yet no man in the community kept himself 
better informed as to what was going on in the 
world, or was more entertahiing and instructive in 
his conversation with those who were the sharers 
of his hospitality or casually met him in the or- 
dinary walks of life. 

Prof. Keely was an habitual worshiper at the 
First Baptist church in Waterville, in whose pros- 
perity he always felt interested. The writer of this 
sketch, once his pastor, cherishes for him a regard 
and an aflfection which he has felt for but few men. 
Brown University conferred upon him in 1849 the 
honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. His death 
took place almost without a moment's warning, at 
Waterville, June 13, 1878. 

Keely, Rev. Josiah, son of Rev. George Keely, 
was born in England May 26, 1806. He was bap- 
tized by his father June 18, 1826, ordained Dec. 
21, 1843, as pastor of the church in Wenham, Mass., 
where he remained until called to the church in 
Saco, Me. He continued to act as pastor of this 
church for eleven years, when he resigned, having 
received an appointment as chaplain of the 13th 
Maine Regiment, Jan. 1, 1864. The hard service 
of military life undermined his health, and suifering 
from disease, he was taken to St. James Hospital, 
New Orleans, where he died June 24, 1864. 

Keen, Joseph. — Joran Kyn (Keen), the ancestor 
of Joseph Keen, came to this country from Sweden 
at about the age of twenty-three with Gov. John 
Printz in 1643. He was the founder of Upland, 
now Chester, Delaware Co., Pa. ; and the Crozer 
Theological Seminary (in which Dr. W. W. Keen, 
the grandson of Joseph Keen, is one of the con- 
stituent trustees) stands on a portion of what was 
once his land. (See " The Descendants of Jbran 
Kyn," in the Penna. Mag. Hist, and Biog., 1878- 
81.) Like not a few of his descendants, Jbran 
Keen was of such eminent piety that he is re- 
ferred to in early colonial documents as " the 
pious." The family were originally Swedish Lu- 
therans, and the grave-stone of Matthias Keen, 
the great-grandfather of Joseph, is (with the ex- 
ception of that of two children) the oldest in the 
old Swedes' (Gloria Dei) church-yard, Philadelphia. 



The father of Joseph Keen, Matthias, of Tacony, 
Oxford township, near Philadelphia, was a member 
of the Church of England (as most of the Swedish 
Lutherans became), and was a vestryman for many 
years of Trinity church, Oxford. His mother, 
through whose influence Joseph became a Baptist, 
was Margaret Thomas, whose father, John Thomas, 
came to America from Wales, settled near Phila- 
delphia, and died in 1747. Joseph was born July 
14, 1762. At the age of eighteen he left Tacony, 
and was apprenticed to George Oakley, a tanner 
and currier, for £150, which sum, with character- 
istic integrity, he worked out. He continued in 
this business to the end of his life in co-partnership 
with John Sellers, an eminent and devoted Quaker. 
He was married by Dr. Rogers, Jan. 24, 1788, to 




JOSEPH KEEN. 

Margaret Williams, a woman of superior character 
and eminent worth, who died Oct. 16, 1815. He 
related his personal Christian experience before the 
First Baptist church, Philadelphia, April 5, 1790, 
was unanimously elected a deacon Nov. 25, 1799, 
and served as such for nearly twenty-two years 
until his death. May 12, 1821, at the age of fifty- 
nine. 

" No one can peruse the minutes during his long 
connection with the church without being impressed, 
with the variety and intensity of his Christian 
activities, the kindliness of his heart, the loyalty 
of his faith, and the high esteem in which he was 
held by the entire church." When the Baptist 
Sunday-school enterprise was first started in Phil- 
adelphia it was approved by some, mildly counte- 



KEEN 



G41 



KEEN 



by Dr. Holcombe, the pastor, but heartily 
encouraged by Deacon Keen, and when, in October, 
1815, the first session was held, he " opened the 
school with the first public prayer connected with 
the Baptist Sunday-school enterprise in this city" 
(see Spencer's " Early Baptists of Philadelphia," 
pp. 186-8), — a service he repeatedly rendered to 
the cause in its early days. 

Keen, William WOliams, son of Joseph and 
Margaret (Williams) Keen, was born Sept. 4, 1797, 
in Tacony, near Philadelphia. His mother had 
taken refuge thei-e during the epidemic of yellow 
fever, and he was born in a house built by his 
great-grandfather, John Keen, on a tract of 300 
acres of land originally obtained from Sir Edmund 
Andros in 1676. He was associated with his father 




WILLIAM WILLIAMS KEEN. 

in business at the age of nineteen. At his death 
he succeeded him, with his brothers Joseph and 
Samuel W., and was for many years one of the 
most prominent men in his branch of trade. He 
retired from active business in 1851. He was mar- 
ried Feb. 20, 1823, by Dr. Holcombe, to Susan 
Budd, a descendant of William Budd, who came 
over from England and settled in Burlington Co., 
N. J., in 1678. She came of a robust religious 
stock. Kev. Thomas Budd, the father of William, 
while rector of Martock, Somersetshire, England, 
inl660, under Charles the Second, becameaQuaker. 
In 1662, on account of his religious opinions, he 
was thrown into jail at Ilchester, and remained 
there, resolutely adhering to his conscientious con- 
victions, till liberated by death June 22, 1670, after 



eight years of imprisonment. After an honored 
and most useful life, she died Oct. 27, 1877, in the 
seventy-fourth year of her age. He became a 
member of the First Baptist church, Philadelphia, 
Oct. 24, 1831, he and his wife being baptized with 
a large number of candidates, including seven mar- 
ried couples, by Dr. Brantly. As was then the 
custom, the whole company, in baptismal robes, 
attended by the members of the church, marched 
to Arch Sti-eet wharf, crossed to Cooper's Point, 
Camden, and were there baptized in the Delaware. 
Both his personal and his family ties have ever 
bound him closely to this ancient church. His 
father was a deacon in it for nearly twenty-two 
years; his brother Joseph was a deacon for twenty 
years ; his brother Samuel a trustee and church 
clerk ; and he in his turn became a trustee Jan. 
20, 1834, and a deacon Nov. 22, 1838. 

In May, 1843, he removed to West Philadelphia. 
Here he quickly gathered a few scattered brethren 
into a determined and hopeful band, and in Octo- 
ber, 1843, less than five months after their first 
meeting, they laid the corner-stone of a neat build- 
ing for the First Baptist chui-ch, West Philadel- 
phia, on a lot given to the church by him, and 
afterwards repurchased on their removal to the 
present site at the corner of Thirty-sixth and Chest- 
nut Streets. In 1860 the present handsome brown- 
stone church and chapel were erected. Few who 
have never gone through the trials of building two 
churches know what zeal and determination, and 
often what real sacrifices, are necessary to carry 
them through. His brethren deserve all praise for 
their heroic endeavors to carry the load, but the 
main burden, financially at least, fell upon him, 
and when failure threatened he sold his horses and 
his carriages, curtailed fiimily expenses in every 
direction, often at personal discomfort, and made 
even his garden and his grapery aid in the work of 
building the Lord's house. Most men settle on a 
scale of expenses, family and personal, suitable to 
their means and social position, and give away 
what they can afford out of the remnant of their 
income, but with him the sum devoted to the Lord 
was the standard by which all expenses, family and 
personal, were regulated, and many a debate was 
held with his conscience before a grapery, a green- 
house, a coachman, or a pair of horses was decided 
upon, lest the unusual expense should curtail his 
beneficence. When he retired from business he 
resolved on his knees never to lay up another 
dollar, a resolution he has fulfilled for more than 
twenty-seven years. He has frequently given away 
more than half his income, and an aggregate sum 
amounting to more than all he is worth at present. 
Next to his church, the American Baptist Publica- 
tion Society was his cherished field of denomina- 
tional work. In 1837, while it was a feeble insti- 



KEEN 



KEITH 



tution, occupying a small building belonging to his 
Hxther's estate on Fourth Street above Chestnut, he 
became its treasurer, and faithfully administered 
its finances for eighteen years. He was one of the 
most earnest .advocates of its removal to 530 Arch 
Street, and headed the subscription list with $5000. 
After serving the society as treasurer, vice-presi- 
dent, and manager from 1837 to 1872, his joy has 
been great in its removal to such a splendid home 
as the exceptional liberality of its friends has now 
provided for it. More than usually trusted by his 
brethren, he has been called to many offices of use- 
fulness and responsibility in the denomination. 
Besides his service in the Publication Society, he 
was a constituent trustee of the university at Lewis- 
burg, and served for three years (1846-49) ; a 
member of the first and most carefully chosen board 
of managers of the Missionary Union, organized 
in 1845 after the dissolution of the Triennial Con- 
vention, a position he filled for two years ; hianager 
of the Philadelphia Baptist Association since 1856 ; 
trustee of the Ministers' and Widows' Fund since 
1858; manager of the Pennsylvania Education 
Society for twenty-five years (1842-67), to which 
society he gave, in 1856, its first scholarship ; man- 
ager of the Pennsylvania Baptist General Associa- 
tion for twenty-two years (1832-54) ; and in the 
two churches of which he has been a member a 
deacon for nearly forty-thi-ee years. 

Not only in the church, but also in the commer- 
cial community, he has been confided in, having 
been a manager in the Woodlands cemetery for 
nineteen years, a director in the Bank of North 
America, the oldest bank in the country, for nearly 
twenty years, and as a constituent manager of the 
Western Saving-Fund since 1847, has served nearly 
thirty-four years. 

Now, in a ripe though feeble and blind old age, 
honored by all who know or know of him, he is 
awaiting with expectation and delight the summons 
of his Lord, " Well done, good and faithful servant ; 
enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." 

Keen, William Williams, M.D., son of Wil- 
liam W. and Susan (Budd) Keen, was born in Phila- 
delphia, Jan. 19, 1837. Graduated from the Cen- 
tral High School, January, 1853. Entered Brown 
University in 1855, and graduated in 1859. After 
pursuing scientific studies as a resident graduate 
for one year in Providence, entered Jefferson Med- 
ical College in 1860, and graduated M.D. in March, 
1862. 

During several years of the war, as Assistant- 
Surgeon, U.S.A., Dr. Keen discharged duties be- 
longing to his office both on the battle-fields and in 
the general hospitals with great success. Resigning 
from the service in 1864, he went abroad and pur- 
sued his studies in Paris, Berlin, and Vienna. In 
1866 he settled in private practice in Philadelphia, 



where he has remained, chiefly devoting himself to 
anatomy and surgery, and has attained an enviable 
reputation for skill and ability in his profession. 
Dec. 11, 1867, he married E. Corinna, daughter of 
Jefferson Borden, of Fall River, Mass. 

As a medical teacher, especially of anatomy, and 
as an author. Dr. Keen is widely known through- 
out this and other countries. He was appointed 
Lecturer on Pathological Anatomy in the Jefferson 
College from 1866 to 1875. During the same period 
he occupied the chair of Anatomy and Operative 
Surgery in the Philadelphia School of Anatomy, in 
which institution he gathered the largest private 
anatomical class ever assembled in this country. In 
1876 he was appointed Professor of Artistic An- 
atomy in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 
and in 1878 was made Lecturer on the Anatomy 
of Animal Forms as applied to Decorative and In- 
dustrial Art in the schools of the Pennsylvania 
Museum. He has also for five years been special 
Lecturer on Clinical Anatomy in the Woman's 
Medical College of Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Keen has made extensive contributions to 
medical literature. Among his principal works are 
"Gunshot Wounds, and other Injuries of Nerves," 
1864; "Reflex Paralysis," 1864 (both with col- 
leagues) ; " Clinical Charts of the Human Body," 
1872; editor of the "American Health Primers, 
vols, i.-xii.," by various authors; Heath's "Prac- 
tical Anatomy," 1870; Flower's "Diagrams of the 
Nerves," 1872. In 1876 he delivered the fifth 
Toner Lecture before the Smithsonian Institution 
on the " Surgical Complications and Sequels of the 
Continued Fevers." He has published also inter- 
esting lectures on the "History of Practical Anat- 
omy," 1870 ; the " History of the Philadelphia 
School of Anatomy," 1875 ; and on " Medical Mis- 
sionary Work in Japan," 1878. In addition to 
these he has contributed a large number of articles 
to journals and reviews. 

His activities are by no means confined to his 
professional sphere. As a manager of the Ameri- 
can Baptist Publication Society, a trustee of Crozer 
Theological Seminary and of Brown University, 
and as a deacon and trustee of the First Baptist 
church of Philadelphia, Dr. Keen gives a practical 
illustration of the vast influence that may be exerted 
by men who, while serving suffering humanity, 
are led by the teachings of Jesus. 

Keith, Hon. George H., was born in Randolph, 
Orange Co., Vt., May 4, 1825. He is of Scotch de- 
scent. His ancestors came to this country early in 
the seventeenth century. He received his elemen- 
tary education at the public school in his native 
town. At the age of sixteen he entered the Kimball 
Union Academy at Meriden, N. II. Here he de- 
voted four years to study and teaching. He then 
received the appointment of superintendent of the 



KEITH 



KELLEY 



primary department of Franklin College, Ind. 
After holding this position one year he commenced 
the study of medicine, and graduated from the 
medical college at Woodstock, Vt., in 1852. In 
1855 he came to Minneapolis, Minn., where he now 
resides. He was elected to the first Legislature 
of Minnesota in 1858 and 1859. In 1862 he was 
appointed surgeon of the expedition sent to relieve 
Fort Abercrornbie. In 1863 he was appointed pro- 
vost marshal for the second district of Minnesota, 
which position he filled until the close of the war. 
In May, 1871, he was commissioned by Pi-esident 
Grant postmaster of Minneapolis, which oflSce he 
yet honorably fills. 




HON. GEORGE II. KEITH. 



He was converted in October, 1838, and applied 
for membership in the Free-Will Baptist church, 
of which his parents were members. His experi- 
ence was satisfactory, but the pastor and church 
thought him too young to make a profession of re- 
ligion, and advised him to wait six months. At 
the end of that time he was baptized and received 
into the fellowship of the church. In 1846 he 
united with the First Baptist church in Indianapo- 
lis, Ind., Rev. T. R. Cressey pastor. He has ever 
been an earnest worker in all departments of Chris- 
tian labor. He was the first president of the Min- 
nesota Baptist State Convention, and has been a 
continuous member of its board of trustees, except 
when absent during the war. He was active in 
the establishment of the Minnesota Academy at 
Owatouna. 

Keithian Quaker Baptists.— In the early his- 



tory of William Penn's colony a serious contro- 
versy broke out among the Quakers about " the 
sufficiency of what every man naturally has within 
himself for the purpose of his own salvation." 
Some denied this sufficiency, and, as a conse- 
quence, exalted Christ and the Scriptures more 
than Barclay had done. George Keith, an impetu- 
ous and talented Scotchman, was the leader in re- 
sisting Quaker orthodoxy. The dispute was carried 
on with much bitterness, and in 1691 it led to a di- 
vision and the establishment of separate meetings 
in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Keith and hi.s 
friends published a confession of their faith, and 
other works in favor of their views, and in denun- 
ciation of " the slanders, fines, imprisonments, and 
other persecutions which they endured from their 
brethren." Keith soon turned Episcopalian ; others 
were reconciled to their brethren ; and many be- 
came Baptists, Seventh-Day and Regular. Accord- 
ing to Morgan Edwards, the Keithian Quakers 
started the Seventh-Day Baptist denomination in 
Pennsylvania. The Regular Baptists obtained val- 
uable accessions from the Keithians in Philadel- 
phia, Lower Dublin, Southampton, and Upper Prov- 
idence. They were called Quaker Baptists because 
they retained the language, dress, and manners of 
the Quakers. 

Kellar, Rev. William, an eminent pioneer 
Baptist minister, of German extraction, was born 
in Shenandoah Co., Va., in 1768. His early life 
Avas spent in East Tennessee, and afterwards in 
what is now Oldham Co., Ky. He was instru- 
mental in forming Harrod's Creek church in 1797, 
Eighteen-Mile church in 1800, and Lick Branch 
(now Lagrange) church in 1802. In 1803, Long 
Run Association was constituted, of which he was 
chosen moderator, and filled that office four years. 
In 1812 he raised a company of volunteers, of 
which he was commissioned captain. At the close 
of the war he resumed his pastorates, and labored 
diligently in his profession. He was greatly be- 
loved by the people, and led many souls to Christ. 
He died Oct. 6, 1817. 

Kelley, Rev. Edwin D., was born in North Clar- 
endon, Vt., June 18, 1846, pursued his preparatory 
studies at Rutland, Vt., and graduated at the Uni- 
versity of Michigan in 1866. After teaching a while 
in Granville, 0., he entered Newton Theological In- 
stitution, and graduated in June, 1871. He was 
appointed a missionary to the Shans, and reached 
Toungoo Feb. 20, 1872. He had so far made him- 
self fixmiliar with the language, that he was able 
to teach and to preach in it in less than one year, 
which was all the time that he had to devote to his 
missionary work. He was drowned in Shanland, 
Jan. 1, 1873. The editor of the Missionanj Maga- 
zine says of him : "Mr. Kelley was a good scholar, 
and possessed a remarkable aptness for the acqui- 



KELLIS 



644 



KELT ON 



sition of languages, He was also a well educated 
theologian, and a devout and earnest Christian. 
He was modest and firm in following his convic- 
tions, a man of sound and discriminating views of 
truth, and of much promise as a missionary." 

Kellis, Rev. Lewis C, an active and efficient 
minister, who resides at Monroe, La., but supplies 
the churches at Bastrop, Oak Ridge, Delhi, and 
Wynn Island, situated between the Ouachita and 
Bayou Macon Rivers ; was born in Mississippi ; 
educated at Summerville Institute and Mississippi 
College. He removed to Louisiana in 1874, and 
became pastor at Alto. In the fall of the same 
year he became pastor at Trenton and Delhi. Mr. 
Kellis has been successful in his work. He is 
a ready writer, and has contributed largely to the 
Baptist papers of Mississippi and Louisiana. He 
is about thirty years of age. 

Kelly, Robert, son of Robert Kelly, an Irish 
pati'iot, who in 1796 emigrated to New York, was 
born in the city of New York, Dec. 15, 1808. From 
early youth Robert Kelly was inclined to study. He 
was diligent, pure-minded, and honorable. He en- 
tered Columbia College the first of his class, and 
maintained that position to his graduation in 1826. 
In mercantile life he was distinguished by indus- 
try and energy. His integrity and sense of honor 
were utterly beyond the reach of temptation. He 
learned the French, Spanish, Italian, German, and 
Hebrew languages. On retiring from business he 
followed this bent of his mind, and remained to 
the end of life a student. Naturally, he became a 
leader in all matters pertaining to higher educa- 
tion. He was conspicuous in the organization of 
the institution now known as the College of the 
City of New York. 

For many years he was a trustee of the University 
of New York, and also of Madison and Rochester 
Universities, which institutions are largely indebted 
to his generosity, his judgment and labors. He was 
chairman of the committee which organized the 
course of study in the Univer-sity at Rochester. His 
services in education were recognized by his election 
as one of the regents of the University of the State 
of New York. In the House of Refuge and in the 
Institution for the Benefit of Merchants' Clerks he 
took a leading part. At the time of his death he 
was chairman of the board of trustees of the New 
York Society Library. There was scarcely a form 
of public activity in the city, whether financial, 
fiduciary, charitable, commercial, or literary, in 
which, in some way, he did not bear a prominent 
part. 

Without political office, except that of city cham- 
berlain, he was fitted to adorn any civic station, 
and, at the time of his death, at the height of his 
powers, he was without question, one of the very 
foremost citizens of New York. He never made a 



public profession of religion, but was a Christian 
man, a Baptist by conviction, and a devoted at- 
tendant on the ministry of Wm. R. Williams, 
D.D., his lifelong friend. He died in New York 
City, April 27, 1856. 

Kelly, Hon. William, son of Robert Kelly, an 
Irish patriot who fled from his native land in 1796 
to find liberty in the New World, was born in the 
city of New York, Feb. 4, 1807. His father be- 
came a very prosperous merchant, and died in 
1825, leaving three sons, John, William, and Rob- 
ert. They continued his business for several years 
with great success. In 1836 John died, and in 
1837 William and Robert retired, each with an 
ample competence. In all their arduous business 
days the brothers maintained a love for literature, 
refinement, and the high moral and religious tone 
for which their early home had been so long con- 
spicuous. In 1842, William purchased a property 
on the Hudson, near Rhinebeck, which he made 
his permanent residence, and which his energy 
and taste invested with every attraction. For two 
years he was a member of the senate of the State 
of New York, and he was a candidate for governor 
against Edward D. Morgan, his successful competi- 
tor. Mr. Kelly was a man of large heart, and 
constantly, though silently, dispensed his gifts and 
charities. He was trustee at the beginning, and 
for some yeai-s after, of Cornell University, the 
mathematical portion of which bears his name in 
acknowledgment of a generous donation. He was 
also a trustee of Vassar College and of Rochester 
University at the time of his death, of the first 
from its inception, and of the last from the death 
of his brother Robert, whose vacant seat he was 
called to fill. He was a liberal contributor to 
Rochester, a final subscription of $20,000 being 
made not long before his decease. He was a mem- 
ber of the Baptist church at Rhinebeck, where his 
widow still resides. He died in Torquay, England, 
whither he had gone in hope of restoration to health, 
Jan. 14, 1872. 

Kelton, Rev. William H., was bom in 1835 ; 

entered the New Hampton Institution in 1855, 
having previously spent some time in the Bangor 
Theological Seminary, and graduated in 1858. He 
was ordained, soon after his graduation, as pastor 
of the church at Bluehill, Me., and subsequently 
was pastor for a time at West Waterville, Me. 
His health was broken down in consequence of his 
hard experience in the army as a worker, sent to 
the seat of war by the Christian Commission, and 
he did not attempt ministerial labor until 1865, 
when he took charge of the church in North 
Scituate, Mass. Here he did excellent service for 
the cause of Christ until the Master called him to 
his reward. He died April 4, 1871. He was very 
greatly beloved by a large circle of friends, who 



KEMPER 



KENDALL 



sincerely mourned over what to them seemed his 
untimely end. 

Kemper, Rev. Burdette, a popular and useful 
minister of Garrard Co., Ky., where he was born 
Feb. 24, 1788, was of German extraction. He was 
converted, and became a member of Forks of Dix 
River church in 1830, and at the age of forty-five 
was ordained to the ministry. He was immediately 
associated with John S. Higgins in ministering to 
the church of which he was a member. On the 
resignation of Mr. Higgins, in 1839, Mr. Kemper 
became the pastor, and under his ministry the 
church greatly prospered and increased in num- 
bers, until it embraced a membership of more than 
500. Besides performing his pastoral labors, Mr. 
Kemper preached to several of the churches of 
South District Association, of which he was mod- 
erator twenty-five years. He died March 18, 1876. 

Kempton, George, D.D., was bom in South 
Carolina in 1810. He graduated from Hamilton 
Literary and Theological Institution in 1839. 
After preaching a few years in the South he be- 
came pastor of Spruce Street church, Philadelphia, 
and remained for eight years. He also had charge 
of the Lower Dublin church, in Philadelphia, for 
five years. He presided over the First church in 
New Brunswick, N. J., for five years. From a 
partial failure of health, in 1863 he located in 
Hammonton, N. J., and has preached for the 
church there with great acceptance. In 1859 Mad- 
ison University gave him the degree of D.D. He 
is a sound theologian and a logical preacher. 

Kempton, Rev. S. Bradford, A.M., was born 
in November, 1834, at Milton, Queens County, 
Nova Scotia; converted and baptized there in 
1853 ; graduated from Acadia College in 1862 ; 
ordained pastor at New Minas, Sept. 16, 1863 ; 
took charge of the First Cornwallis church in 1868, 
being the third minister that has held that position 
since 1808 ; sound theologian, good preacher, and 
pastor. 

Kendall, Hon. Amos, was born near Woburn, 
Mass., Aug. 16, 1789. By great self-denial and 
perseverance he prepared for college, and entered 
Dartmouth in the spring of 1808, from which he 
graduated with distinction. After leaving college 
he entered the law-office of W. M. Richardson, at 
Groton, Mass., but, encountering numerous perplex- 
ing difficulties, he made preparations for leaving 
New England. Accordingly he removed to Ken- 
tucky, and engaged as tutor in the family of Henry 
Clay, then residing near Lexington. After contin- 
uing in this position for a few months, he became 
editor of a newspaper in Georgetown, and at the 
same time opened a law-ofiice there. In 1816 he 
became co-editor and proprietor of the Argus, a jour- 
nal published at Frankfort. He held this position 
for several years, and became one of the most influ- 



ential writers on local and State politics in Ken- 
tucky. In 1826 he was appointed fourth auditor of 
the treasui'y by President Jackson, and in conse- 
quence removed to Washington. This position he 
filled with great advantage to the government and 
honor to himself for five years, when, through his 
great executive ability, and the vigorous aid which 
he gave to the administration, he was appointed, in 
1835, postmaster-general. The energy with which 
he carried on this important department of the 
government was soon evident, but the fidelity with 
which he managed its affairs subjected him to some 
vexatious and damaging prosecutions at the hands 
of his enemies. In 1840, in consequence of im- 
paired health, he sent to the President his resigna- 
tion from the ofBce, and was thus relieved of the 




HON. AMOS KENDALL. 

great burden. Mr. Kendall while residing in 
Washington was connected with several different 
daily journals, in which many of the absorbing 
questions of the day wei-e discussed with much 
pungency and power. He became interested at a 
very early day in Prof. Morse's telegraph opera- 
tions, and by his business energy and tact gave a 
great impetus to the movement. In 1857 he gave 
a house and two acres of land, near the boundary- 
line of the city of Washington, for an institution 
for the deaf and dumb, which, under the judicious 
guidance of its superintendent, Edward M. Gallau- 
det, LL.D., and the generous appropriations of the 
United States government, has become the only col- 
lege in the world with a regular and full curriculum 
for deaf mutes. 



KENDRIGK 



KENDRIGK 



Mr. Kendall, although indulging the thought that 
he had been converted early in life, was not bap- 
tized until April, 1865, the ceremony taking place in 
the E Street church ; he became a member, how- 
ever, of the Calvary Baptist church, whose pastor 
at the time was the Rev. J. S. Kennard. He took 
a deep interest in securing a church edifice for the 
society with which he became thus connected, and 
contributed for the purpose nearly $100,000. On 
the 3d of June, 1866, the new house was dedicated, 
and the church entered at once on a most prosperous 
career. In June of 1866, feeling the need of rest 
and recreation, Mr. Kendall visited Europe, being 
absent about fifteen months. On Sunday morning, 
Oct. 15, 1867, the beautiful edifice of the Calvary 
church was destroyed by fire, nothing being left 
but the blackened walls. Encouraged by Mr. 
Kendall, a new structure was sioon reared, towards 
the cost of which (the, insurance money received 
being $80,000) he gave upwards of $15,000. This 
new building was dedicated July 11, 1869. He 
gave to the Columbian College, of which he was al- 
ways a stanch friend and counselor, $6000, to 
purchase a classical scholarship, which should be 
enjoyed during six years by the best-prepared pupil 
in any one of the public schools of Washington. He 
also endowed two mission Sunday-schools, his 
contributions to them amounting in all to about 
$25,000. He died in Washington, Nov. 12, 1869. 

Kendrick, Adin A., D.D., the present president 
of Shurtlefi" College, was born at Ticonderoga, 
N. Y., Jan. 7, 1836. He was the son of Dr. Albert 
Kendrick. Dr. Kendrick is of the family to which 
have belonged several eminent men of that name, 
including Adin Kendrick, M.D., of Poultney, Vt., 
his grandfather; Rev. Ariel Kendrick, of New 
Hampshire; Rev. Nathaniel Kendrick, D.D., the 
first president of what is now Madison University, 
and one of its founders ; and Rev. Clark Kendrick, 
of Vermont ; with whom may be included, as still 
living. Prof. A. C. Kendrick, D.D., of the Univer- 
sity of Rochester, and the Rev. J. R. Kendrick, 
D.D., of Poughkeepsie. 

President Kendrick received his education at 
Granville Academy, in Washington Co., N. Y., at 
Middlebury College, Vt., and at the Rochester 
Theological Seminary. Upon leaving college, and 
before commencing his theological course, he studied 
law, and was admitted to the bar, practising that 
profession at Janesville, Wis., and afterward for a 
short time at St. Louis. Deciding to study for the 
ministry, he went to Rochester for his theological 
course, graduating there in 1861. His first pastor- 
ate was in Chicago, where he served in that 
capacity the North Baptist church until 1865, 
when he returned to St. Louis as assistant pastor 
of the Second Baptist church. Rev. Galusha Ander- 
son being the senior pastor. After a year and a 



half he became pastor of the Beaumont Street 
church. In 1872 he was chosen president of Shurt- 
lefi' College. 

Although comparatively a young man. Dr. 
Kendrick discharges the duties of his present 
responsible post with marked efiiciency and suc- 
cess. With unusual gifts of attractive public ad- 
dress he combines studious habits, a special taste 
for the high themes which belong to his chair as 
instructor, and qualities as a teacher and disci- 




ADIN A. KENDRICK, D.D. 

plinarian which give him every year a stronger 
hold upon his work and upon those under his care. 
The college has never prospered, more than under 
his administration ; year by year it is taking higher 
rank upon the roll of American colleges. Dr. 
Kendrick is always cordially received on the vari- 
ous public occasions, in his own State and else- 
where, when service is required of him, and invari- 
ably acquits himself ia a way which commands the 
respect of all. 

Kendrick, Albert, M.D., of Waukesha, Wis., is 
a native of Vermont, and a son of Adin Kendrick, 
a prominent physician of Poultney, where the sub- 
ject of this sketch was born Aug. 1, 1813. At the 
age of seven years Albert had his right hand 
nearly severed from the arm, disabling him ever 
afterward for all kinds of manual labor. He was 
therefore kept at school through the early years of 
his life. He studied at Hamilton Literary Insti- 
tution (now Madison University). He graduated 
from the medical school in Woodstock, Vt., when 
twenty years of age. He commenced the practice 



KENDRICK 



647 



KENDRICK 



of his profession in Poultney, Vt., where he resided 
three years. Subsequently he removed to Ticon- 
deroga, N. Y., and remained three years. He then 
settled in Granville, N. Y., and practised medicine 
for sixteen years, and in June, 1855, he located in 
Waukesha, Wis., which has since been his home. 

Dr. Kendrick is a man of fine standing in his 
profession, and thoroughly conscientious. He has 
been a member of the Baptist Church since he 
was sixteen years of age. He is a nephew of Na- 
thaniel Kendrick, D.D., once president of Mad- 
ison University, a cousin of A. C. Kendrick, D.D., 
the eminent Professor of Greek in the University 
of Rochester, and the father of A. A. Kendrick, 
D.D., the president of Shurtleff College, at Upper 
Alton, 111. 

In the Baptist church at Waukesha he is a 
trusted pillar. In the denomination of the State 
he is highly esteemed for his wise counsels and in- 
telligent views. He is a liberal contributor to the 
religious and benevolent work of his denomina- 
tion. 

Kendrick, AsahelC, D.D., LL.D., was bom in 
Poultney, Yt., Dec. 7, 1809. AVhen thirteen years 
of age he went to Hamilton, N. Y., where his uncle, 
Nathaniel Kendrick, D.D., held the presidency of 
Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution. 
He pursued a course of study to prepare himself 
for college. He entered the junior class of Hamil- 
ton College, at Clinton, N. Y. At the end of one 
year he returned to Hamilton, and was employed 
as teacher in the village academy. He then re- 
entered Hamilton College, and was graduated in 
1831. He was appointed tutor in the literary and 
theological seminary at Hamilton (now Madison) 
University, and the next year he was elected Pro- 
fessor of Greek and Latin. Relieved after a few 
years of the Latin department, he held the Greek 
chair until 1850, when, on the establishment of the 
University of Rochester, he accepted the Greek pro- 
fessorship in that institution, which he still con- 
tinues to fill. In 1852 he went to Europe, perfect- 
ing his knowledge of Greek in the University of 
Athens. He also visited several Italian and Ger- 
man universities, studying the educational methods 
of those celebrated centres of learning. After two 
years he returned to his duties at Rochester. While 
he is an admitted authority in Greek, he is not 
lacking in other languages, ancient and modern. 
For many years he has been employed in the re- 
vision of the New Testament. He is the author of 
several Greek text-books. He brought out a re- 
vised edition of Olshausen's " Commentary on the 
New Testament." He is also the author of a me- 
moir of Mrs. Emily C. Judson, wife of Dr. .Judson, 
the missionary. His poetic talent was shown when 
a mere lad by anonymous contributions to the vil- 
lage papers of Hamilton, which created consider- 



able discussion among the students and people as 
to their authorship. In later years he has brought 
out a volume of poems entitled "Echoes,"' some 
of which were greatly admired in literary circles. 
As a teacher of the Greek language he has no supe- 
rior in America. He has made that a specialty. 
He has never been a pastor, but he has often, to the 
great satisfaction of the churches, supplied the pul- 
pits of pastors. Ilis profound learning, especially 
in the field of New Testament exegesis, gives his 
discourses a value and a public interest rarely 
found in sermons. 

Kendrick, Rev. Clark, was born in Hanover, 
N. H., Oct. 6, 1775. The death of his father was 
the occasion which led to his removal to Vermont, 
in which State most of his life was spent in con- 
stant efforts to advance the Redeemer's kingdom. 
His conversion took place in 1797. He seems at 
once to have been impressed with the conviction that 
it was his duty to prepare himself for the Christian 
ministry. Although at first shrinking from as- 
suming the responsibilities of the sacred ofiice, he 
concluded, after much struggle, to obey what he 
regarded as a divine call, and, with such prepara- 
tion for the work as he could obtain, he entered 
upon his ministerial labors, and was ordained 
April 20, 1802, at Poultney, Vt. Revivals of re- 
ligion followed his preaching, one of which, that 
in 1816, resulted in an addition of more than 100 
persons to his church. 

Mr. Kendrick possessed in an eminent degree 
the missionary spirit. The religious destitution of 
his adopted State deeply touched his sympathies. 
He made tours to difi"erent sections of Vermont, the 
northern parts of New York and Canada, and la- 
bored most zealously to give the gospel to multi- 
tudes who were deprived almost wholly of the 
means of grace. His interest in missions extended 
to heathen lands, and he was among the most effi- 
cient agents in giving momentum to the efforts of 
the Baptist churches — aroused to new life by the 
stirring appeals of Luther Rice — to carry the news 
of salvation to the dark corners of the earth. Min- 
isterial education also was another cause which en- 
listed his zeal and called forth his earnest efforts. 
The Vermont Baptist Education Society was formed 
mainly through his instrumentality, and he was 
chosen its president, and became its agent to visit 
the churches. To provide an educational home for 
these young men, the Baptists in Vermont pro- 
posed to start an institution of learning having 
special reference to the training of indigent stu- 
dents to become preachers of the gospel. The Bap- 
tists of the central and western districts of the State 
of New York had a similar plan in their minds. 
It was decided at length to unite efforts and estab- 
lish the desired institution in some locality that 
would be convenient to all the parties concerned. 



KENDRICK 



KENDRICK 



This locality was Hamilton, N. Y., the seat of the 
now flourishing Madison University. Mr. Ken- 
drick was selected as an agent to solicit funds for 
the new institution, and for the remainder of his 
life devoted himself with great singleness of pur- 
pose to this work, and to him the infant seminary 
owed a debt of gratitude larger than it could ever 
repay. 

Thus it was that the life of Mr. Kendrick was 
filled with deeds of Christian benevolence and un- 
wearied activity in the cause of his Master. He was 
a recognized power in his State, greatly honored 
and respected wherever he was known. Middle- 
bury College conferred on him the honorary degree 
of Master of Arts in 1819. His death occurred 
Feb. 29, 1824. The loss of the denomination by 
this premature cutting down of one of its strongest 
pillars was very great. It was not easy to supply 
the vacancy thus made. It is pleasant to know that 
the mantle of the father fell on sons who have risen 
up to render honor to their beloved parent. The 
influence which he so widely exerted has been ex- 
tended in many directions by those who bear his 
venerated name and inherit the virtues which 
shone so brightly in his character. 

Kendrick, James Ryland, D.D., youngest 
child of Rev. Clark and Esther Thomson Kendrick, 
was born in Poultney, Vt., April 21, 1821. He 
pursued his early studies at Hamilton Seminary, 
N. Y., where he made a profession of religion and 
joined the church, February, 1837. He entered the 
Junior class of Brown University in September, 
1838, and graduated with the "classical oration" 
in 1840. In the latter part of the same year he 
removed to the State of Georgia, where he taught 
school for two years, having been licensed and or- 
dained at Forsyth in the autumn of 1842. In the 
spring of 1843 he entered on his first pastorate in 
Macon, Ga. After a ministry of nearly five years 
in Macon, Dr. Kendrick was called, in 1847, to 
/he First Baptist church in Charleston,* S. C, 
' where he remained for nearly seven years. He 
left this position to accompany a little colony of 
Baptists who established what is now known as the 
"Citadel Square church," of Charleston, and who 
built what is probably the best Baptist house of 
worship south of the Potomac. The civil war 
having straitened his flock, he retired fi-om this field 
in May, 1862, after a pastorate of nearly eight 
years. During the further continuance of the war 
he preached for the Baptist church in Madison, Ga. 
At the close of the great struggle his Union senti- 
ments led him North, and he settled with the 
Tabernacle Baptist church. New York City, in 
November, 1865, where he remained nearly seven 
years. In September, 1873, he became pastor of 
the church in Poughkeepsie, where he still labors, 
having secured the building of a fine and commo- 



dious house of worship. He has no living children. 
The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on 
him by Rochester University in 1866. He was for 
some time associate editor of the Southern Baptist 
newspaper, published in Charleston, S. C. Several 
tracts from his pen have been published, among 
them the following : " Responsibility for our Be- 
lief," "Human Depravity," "Address to Chris- 
tians on the Subject of Temperance." He has also 
published several sermons on a variety of subjects. 
Of late years he has been a frequent contributor to 
the Examiner and Chronicle, New York. He is a 
brother of Prof. A. C. Kendrick, D.D., LL.D., of 
Rochester University. He is noble-minded, gen- 
erous, cordial in his manners, of commanding 
presence, devout in spirit, and a good preacher. 

Kendrick, Nathaniel, D.D., was born in Han- 
over, N. H., April 22, 1777. His parents, among 
the first settlers of the town, were both members 
of the Congregational Church. He labored on the 




NVTIIiMEL KENDRICK, D D. 

farm until he was twenty, and then, with his 
father's consent, divided his time between teaching 
a school and attending the academy. About this 
period he was converted, through a revival that oc- 
curred in a small Baptist church ; but, not being 
ready to give up the faith of his childhood, he 
sought from both a Baptist and a Congregational 
minister a statement of their views, and their 
reasons for holding them. Not satisfied by this 
method, he resolved to examine the New Testament, 
and after prosecuting his studies for nine months 
he became satisfied that the peculiarities of the 



KENNARD 



649 



KENNARD 



Baptists were dei-ived from and supported by the 
New Testament, and he was immersed in April, 
1798. 

During the succeeding four years he engaged in 
farm labors and academic studies, uncertain as to 
his permanent life-work, feeling a strong disposition 
to enter the ministry, but shrinking from its re- 
sponsibilities. Satisfied at length that it was his 
duty to preach, he spent some time in studying with 
Rev. Mr. Burroughs, of Hanover; with Rev. Dr. 
Asa Burton, of Thetford ; with Dr. Emmons, of 
Franklin ; and with Drs. Stillman and Baldwin, 
of Boston. By the church of the latter he was 
licensed to preach in the spring of 1803, at the age 
of twenty-six. 

He began preaching as a supply at Bellingham, 
Mass., where he remained one year. Declining 
their call, he was ordained at Lansingburg, N. Y., 
in August, 1805. In 1810 he settled at Middlebury, 
Vt., dividing his time between this and three other 
feeble churches. 

In 1817 he settled with the churches at Eaton 
and Morrisville, N. Y., resigning the latter in 1820 
to lecture in the Hamilton Literary and Theological 
Institution. In 1821 he was elected Professor of 
Systematic and Pastoral Theology. In 1823 re- 
ceived D.D. from Brown University. In 1824 he 
located in Hamilton Village. In 1825-37 was one 
of the overseers of Hamilton College, at Clinton, 
N. Y. In 1836 was chosen president of the Ham- 
ilton Literary and Theological Institution, but, 
while acting as such, did not formally accept the 
office ; corresponding secretary of New York Baptist 
Educational Society from 1834 to 1848 ; died Feb. 
11, 1848, after a lingering and painful illness caused 
by a fall in 1845. 

Dr. Kendrick's great work was in the Hamilton 
Institution. In his manners he was a dignified 
Christian gentleman. His theology belonged to the 
Edwards form of Calvinism. As a counselor he 
was wise and safe. See also article Madison Uni- 
versity, and for a complete sketch see " Nathaniel 
Kendrick" (American Baptist Publication Society); 
consult also " Sprague's Annals," jubilee volume 
Madison University. 

Kennard, Joseph Hugg', D.D., was born in 
Haddonfield, N. J., April 24, 1798 ; baptized by 
Rev. Daniel Dodge, at Wilmington, Del., July 3, 
1814 ; began to preach when but seventeen years 
of age, and attracted at once great attention on ac- 
count of his youth and fervor ; was licensed in Sep- 
tember, 1818, and in 1819 undertook an agency to 
present the claims of missions, under the direction 
of Luther Rice. Became pastor at Burlington, 
N. J., Nov. 14, 1819; at Hopewell, N. J., January, 
1822; and at Blockley, Pa., in October, 1823. In 
1832 took charge of the New Market Street church, 
Philadelphia, Pa., where he remained six years. In 
42 



1838 went with a colony from the New Market 
Street church to form the Tenth church, and re- 
mained pastor of it until his death, June 24, 1866, — 
a period of twenty-eight years. A natural, grace- 
ful and vigorous style in presenting doctrinal as 
well as practical truths, united with tenderest 
sympathies, made Dr. Kennard one of the most 
successful preachers of his day. 

During his ministry of nearly fifty years he was 
the means of the conversion of over 3000 people, 
2500 of whom he himself baptized. No man in' 
Philadelphia was more sincerely loved, or is more 
affectionately remembered. Nor was he merely a 
pastor. All agencies for the redemption of men 
had his sympathy and support. In his early life 
he traveled much in destitute regions to preach 




JOSEPH HUGO KENNARD, D.D. 

Christ and establish Baptist churches. He was 
one of the founders of the Pennsylvania General 
Association, and a life-long member of the Board 
of the Publication Society. He was among the first 
to advocate the temperance cause. In the great 
noonday prayer-meetings of 1857 he was a most 
conspicuous leader. A number of the Baptist 
churches of Philadelphia owe their origin to him. 
No man was more earnest in his advocacy of 
foreign and home missions. He sought in every 
way to secure a first-class education for the rising 
ministry. 

Dr. Kennard was married June 27, 1822, to 
Miss Beulah E. Cox, of Burlington, N. J., who 
died June 26, 1862. He left six children, five 
daughters and a son, Rev. J. Spencer Kennard, 



KENNARD 



650 



KENTUCKY 



D.D., who in 1867 edited a memoir of his fatiier, 
which was issued by the American Baptist Pub- 
lication Society. 

Keimard, J. Spencer, D.D., was born in Phila- 
delphia, Sept. 24, 1833. He was converted when 
twelve years old ; baptized by his father, Rev. Dr. 
Jos. H. Kennard, in April, 1846, and united with 
the Tenth Baptist church, Philadelphia. 

After graduating from the Philadelphia High 
School, he entered the senior class of Lewisburg 
University. Here he consecrated himself to the 
ministry New Year's Eve, 1852. Graduating with 
honor, he entered Princeton Theological Seminary, 
and, completing a two years' course, accepted the 
pastorate of the Fii'st Baptist church of Bridgeton, 
N. J., October, 1856. After three years of success- 
ful work he became pastor of the E Street church, 
Washington, D. C, in 1859, succeeding Dr. George 
W. Samson. The chui'ch suffered distraction during 
the civil war, the flock being scattered North and 
South. The shepherd remained with his charge, 
working in a government clerkship during the 
week, preaching on the Sabbath, laboring for the 
sick and wounded on the battle-field; but health 
failed, and the Woburn church, Mass., called him 
in 1862 to that field. 

He removed from Woburn to Albany, N. Y., 
after gathering a rich harvest of souls. In 1865, 
Dr. Kennard accepted the pastorate of the Calvary 
Baptist church, Washington, D. C. The new inter- 
est became a vigorous church. On the death of his 
father he was called to the Tenth church, Philadel- 
phia, in April, 1867. After four prosperous years, 
196 converts having been added to that church by 
baptism, and various mission enterprises success- 
fully started, he removed to New York, and be- 
came pastor of the Pi* rim church. Here 300 per- 
sons were baptized by him. In 1879 a call from 
the Central Square church. East Boston, was ac- 
cepted, and he is now the pasto.r. The doctorate 
was conferred on him by Madison University, 
N. Y., in 1879. 

Dr. Kennard's literai-y labors have been the 
memoir of his father, many contributions to the 
press, especially a series of articles on " Pulpit Elo- 
quence," and a work, in preparation, on the " Rela- 
tion of Oriental Religions to Christianity." 

During his ministry Dr. Kennard has baptized 
1100 converts. 

Kennedy, Rev. "W. M., was born in Duplin 
Co., N. C, Aug. 26, 1825 ; baptized by Rev. Jesse 
Howell, Feb. 14, 1847 ; ordained by Revs. G. W. 
Ilufham, G. W. Wallace, L. F. Williams, and Jesse 
Howell, in November, 1849 ; has been a pastor for 
thirty-one years ; was moderator of Easton Asso- 
ciation two years ; was for many years president of 
the board of trustees of Warsaw High School ; has 
baptized 1800 persons, traveled over 90,000 miles 



in preaching the gospel, and he is as full of zeal 
and efiiciency as ever. 

Kentucky Baptists. — " The Baptists were the 
pioneers of Kentucky." The first explorers of its 
territory were the brothers Daniel and Squire 
Boone. The latter was a Baptist preacher. The 
first settlement was made at Boonsborough, in 
what is now Madison County, in the summer of 

1775, by Col. Daniel Boone, his wife and daugh- 
ters being the only women in the small colony. 
Col. Richard Calloway and his family joined the 
settlers the first day of September. They also 
were Baptists. The same fall a small settlement 
was made at Harrodsburg, some thirty miles south- 
west of Boonsborough. Early in the spring of 

1776, Thomas Tinsley and William Hickman, Bap- 
tist ministers, came to Harrodsburg. "Mr. Tins- 
ley," says Mr. Hickman, " preached almost every 
Sunday." Hickman also preached. Nothing more 
is known of Mr. Tinsley except that "he was," 
says Hickman, " a good old preacher." Mr. Hick- 
man returned to Virginia the following summer. 
Emigrants, principally from Virginia, now began 
to pour into the new country rapidly. Among 
these were Gen. Henry Crist, Gen. Aquilla Whit- 
aker, Gen. Joseph Lewis, Col. Robert Johnson, 
Col. William Bush, Hon. James Garrard, Gabriel 
Slaughter, the Clays, and many others, who be- 
came prominent in the camps and councils of the 
State. These were all Baptists. 

During the years 1779 and 1780, William Mar- 
shall, John Whitaker, Benjamin Lynn, John 
Garrard, and Joseph Barnett, Baptist ministers, 
settled in the new country. John Taylor and 
Joseph Reding visited it and preached during this 
period. 

The first Baptist church formed in Kentucky, or 
in the great Mississippi Valley, was constituted of 
18 members by Joseph Barnett and John Garrard, 
on the present site of Elizabethtown, forty miles 
south of Louisville, June 18, 1781. It still bears 
its ancient name, Severn's Valley. The second 
church was constituted by the same ministers, 
July 4, 1781. It is called Cedar Creek, and is lo- 
cated forty miles southeast from Louisville. The 
third church in Kentucky was Gilbert's Creek, in 
Garrard County. It was constituted in Spottsyl- 
vania Co., Va., and removed to Kentucky, under 
the pastoral care of Lewis Craig, in the fall of 1781 . 
Here it held its first meeting the second Sunday in 
December of that year. 

Then followed Forks of Dix River, in 1782 : 
Providence, in 1783 ; South Elkhorn, in 1783 ; 
Gilbert's Creek (Separate Baptists), in 1783: 
Beargrass, in 1784; Cox's Creek, Clear Creek, 
Great Crossings, Tate's Creek, Limestone, Bra- 
shear's Creek, Rush Branch, Pottinger's Creek, 
and Head of Boone's Creek, in 1785. 



KENTUCKY 



651 



KENTON 



In 1785 three Associations were formed, Elk- 
horn and Salem of Re^i^ular Baptists, and South 
Kentucky of Separate Baptists. In 1793 an effort 
to form a union between the Regular and Separate 
Baptists failed in its object, and resulted in the 
formation of Tate's Creek Association of United 
Baptists. From this period till 1799 religion was 
at a low ebb, and open infidelity much abounded. 
In 1800 the religious awakening known as " The 
Great Revival in Kentucky" began, and continued 
three years. In this period the number of Bap- 
tists in the State was more than doubled. It was 
at this time that the jerks and the barking and 
dancing exercises prevailed in some degree among 
the Baptists, but much more extensively among 
the Presbyterians and Methodists. 

In 1801 the Regular and Separate Baptists 
formed a union, and all assumed the name of 
United Baptists. From that time until 1818 the 
Baptists of Kentucky continued to prosper, with 
little to interrupt their harmony. About this 
period Daniel Parker introduced his two-seed doc- 
trine, and with it the anti-mission spirit. This 
caused much trouble, dividing many churches and 
Associations. These factions still exist, but have 
become weak and insignificant. In 1823, Camp- 
bellism began to disturb the denomination, and 
continued to distress the churches until the Camp- 
bellites were cut oS". The formal separation began 
in 1829, but was not completed till 1835, when the 
Campbellites became a distinct sect, known by 
various names in different localities. 

In 1832 the Baptist State Convention was organ- 
ized. Its operations were unsatisfactory, and, after 
a trial of four years, it was dissolved. In 1837 
the General Association of Kentucky Baptists was 
constituted. Its special object was to promote the 
spread of the gospel in the State. Its success was 
encouraging from the beginning. It is estimated 
that 50,000 persons have been baptized under its 
auspices. Meanwhile, the anti-missionary spirit, 
which had first manifested itself in the churches 
about the year 1818, was fully aroused by the or- 
ganization of the General Association. Divisions 
were produced in many churches and Associations. 
In not a few of these a majority was on the anti- 
inissionai-y side. The formal division began in 
1840. Since that time the Baptists of Kentucky 
have been divided into missionary and anti-mis- 
sionary churches. The latter have now an aggre- 
gate membership of about 7000. 

Since the division last referred to the denomina- 
tion has enjoyed a good degree of harmony and 
prosperity. Until the close of the late civil war, 
the white and colored people worshiped together 
in the same churches. Since that period the col- 
ored people have formed churches and Associations 
of their own. The separation was harmonious, and 



the feeling between the bi-ethren of the two races 
is kind, and their correspondence is fraternal. 

The subjoined table will show the growth of the 
Baptist denomination in Kentucky from 1790 to 

1880: 



Date. 


Popula- 
tion of 
the State. 


Number 
of Bap- 
tists. 


Date. 


Popula- 
tion of 
the State. 


Number 
of Bap- 
tists. 


1790 


73,677 
406,511 

687,917 



779,828 


3,105 
2r,'666 


1850 


982,405 
1,155,1.84 
1,321,011 


09,894 












1830 


1875 . ... 


144 '69 


1831 

1840 


34,827 
47,325 
60,991 


1878 

1879 

1880 


:::::::::::: 


159,743 
161,190 







Kentucky, General Association of.— The first 
general organization of the Baptists in Kentucky 
was efi'ected in 1832 at Bardstown. It was styled 
" The Kentucky Baptist Convention." There was 
much opposition to it among the churches. It con- 
tinued to meet for about four years, and then dis- 
solved. In 1837 " The General Association of Bap- 
tists in Kentucky" was organized in Louisville. 
Its leading objects were to promote preaching 
among the destitute within its bounds, to encour- 
age literary and theological education, and to foster 
foreign missions. The churches watched its move- 
ments with doubt and suspicion, and some of them 
openly opposed it. But immediately after its organ- 
ization an extensive revival swept over the whole 
State, and the General Association grew rapidly in 
favor. It employed a large corps of missionaries, 
and built up many churches that were weak, and 
constituted a large number of new ones. It is 
estimated that its missionaries, and those of its 
auxiliary societies, have averaged at least a thou- 
sand baptisms a year, from its organization until 
the present time. It has stimulated the churches 
to support their pastors, kindled the spirit of home 
and foreign missions, encouraged the building up 
of schools and colleges, and checked the ravages of 
intemperance, and has been in every way of incal- 
culable advantage to the denomination in Ken- 
tucky. ■ 

Kenyon, Rev. Archibald, as the pastor during 

three years and a half of the Tabernacle church in 
Chicago, and afterwards for several years of the 
Berean Baptist church, is to be remembered with 
those who have contributed to build up the Baptist 
denomination at important points. He was born 
in Athol, Warren Co., N. Y.. July 31, 1813. Until 
eighteen years of age his home was at Hague, on 
the west side of Lake George. His conversion oc- 
curred in the fall of 1831, and he was baptized by 
Elder Daniel Tinkham July 6, 1832. Feeling him- 
self called to the work of the ministry, he was 
licensed by the church at Hague. He studied at 
the Sandy Hill Academy, also at East Bennington, 
then conducted by Messrs. A. Macomber and A. N. 



KERFOOT 



652 



KERR 



Arnold. lie was ordained in 1836. His first pas- 
torate was at Lakeville and Shushan, in Wash- 
ington County. Subsequently he was engaged at 
White Creek, Shaftesbury, and Hoosae. During the 
yeai-s 1840-41 he had the care of a Baptist church 
in Providence, R. I., but in 1842 the relation was 
dissolved. After a year at Vernon, Oneida Co., 
N. Y., and three and a half years at Clinton, eight 
miles away, he came West, and accepted pastorates 
in Chicago as above mentioned. From 1852 to 
1856 he served the Tabernacle church, and later 
the Berean. His subsequent pastorates have been 
at Iowa City, at Peoria, and other places in Illinois. 
Though his pastorates have for the most part been 
brief, they have been fruitful, in nearly every in- 
stance considerable accessions being made to the 
church. He has been an active champion of every 
kind of reform, in that department of effort being 
a valued associate and co-laborer of Di'. Nathaniel 
Colver. He now suffers a great affliction in nearly 
a total loss of sight, but continues in service as 
pastor of two small churches near the central part 
of the State. 

Kerfoot, FranklinH., D.D., was born in Clarke 
Co., Va., Aug. 29, 1847. Until the age of fourteen 
he was educated at schools in Berryville. He was 
engaged in the Confederate service during the war. 
In 1866 he entered the Columbian University, grad- 
uating in the college with the degree of Bachelor of 
Philosophy, and in the law school' with the degree 
of Bachelor of Law, in 1869. He spent a year and 
a half at the Southern Baptist Theological Semi- 
nary, but, his health failing, he was obliged to sus- 
pend all study for nearly a year. Subsequently he 
entered the Crozer Theological Seminary, and after 
one years study graduated in 1872. Afterwards 
he traveled over Europe, Egypt, and Palestine, and 
spent a year at the University of Leipsic. On his 
return to this country he became pastor of the 
Midway and Forks of Elkhorn churches, Ky., 
entering on his labors in those fields Feb. 1, 1875. 
On the death of the lamented Dr. Richard Fuller, 
of the Eutaw Place Baptist church, Baltimore, Mr. 
Kerfoot was elected his successor, and he entered 
on the pastoral charge of that church in November, 
1877. While in Kentucky, Mr. Kerfoot held for 
one session the professorship of German in George- 
town College, Ky., — a position for which he was 
admirably fitted by his studies in Germany. During 
his absence in the East he published in the Religions 
Herald some interesting letters descriptive of clas- 
sical and Biblical scenes. The Columbian College 
conferred upon Mr. Kerfoot, in 1872, the honorary 
degree of A.M. 

Kermott, Rev. Wm. Judson, vras born in Car- 
rolton Co., New Brunswick, in 1833. In his infancy 
his parents removed to Canada West, where he re- 
mained until twelve years of age, when he became 



a member of the family of his brother-in-law. Rev. 
E. J. Scott, a Baptist minister. He made a pro- 
fession of religion at fifteen years of age, and 
united with the Baptist church at New Market, 
Canada West. He very early in life felt that God 
called him to preach the gospel, and made prepara- 
tion for it as opportunity afforded up to manhood. 
He was ordained by the Baptist church in Almond, 
Allegany Co., N. Y., in 1857, and at once .became 
the pastor of the church. This pastorate he re- 
signed after two years' labor to accept an appoint- 
ment from the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society as general missionary for Kansas. This 
position he held for eleven years, accomplishing 
during the time a very successful and important 
work. In 1866 he became the pastor of the First 
Baptist church in Omaha, Neb. The church there 
was largely gathered through his labors, and its 
fine meeting-house built and completed so as to 
enable the church to meet for worship in the base- 
ment. In 1870 he removed to Chicago, 111., where 
he was pastor of the Coventry Street Baptist church 
six years, and of the Halsted Street Baptist church 
two years. This last pastorate Mr. Kermott re- 
signed for the purpose of again entering the service 
of the American Baptist Home Mission Society as 
district missionary for Southwestern Wisconsin, 
which is his present field of labor. 

During his ministry of twenty-three years, de- 
voted largely to the new States and Territories, 
Mr. Kermott has been an indefatigable worker and 
a highly successful minister. He has organized a 
number of churches, built several meeting-houses, 
aided in the formation of the Kansas and Nebraska 
Baptist State Conventions, assisted struggling 
churches encumbered with heavy debts to provide 
the means for their payment, and all his work is 
of a substantial character. He has fine acquisi- 
tions in literary and theological learning, and is a. 
highly esteemed minister of Christ. 

Kerr, Judge John, LL.D., distinguished as a 
jurist, orator, statesman, and above all as a devout 
Christian, was born in Pittsylvania Co., Va., Feb. 
10, 1811, and Avas the son of the Rev. John Kerr, 
the most eloquent preacher of the gospel who has 
yet appeared in North Carolina or Virginia. Mr. 
Kerr was educated in Richmond, Va. ; was the first 
law student of the late Chief-Justice Pearson, and 
settled in Caswell, N. C, his father's native county, 
at the age of twenty-one, and was baptized in 1832 
into the fellowship of the Yanceyville Baptist 
church by the Rev. J. J. James. Mr. Kerr was a 
decided Baptist, and was called on by his brethren 
to fill many important positions. He was a trus- 
tee of Wake Forest College, vice-president of the 
Southern Baptist Convention, president of the Bap- 
tist State Conventions for many sessions, and fre- 
quently moderator of the Beulah Association. He 



KERR 



653 



KEYSER 



represented his county in the State Legislature ; 
was in the Congress of the United States in 1852- 
53, and again in 1858-59 ; was judge of the Su- 
perior Court during the war, and was again elected 
judge by the people in 1874 for eight years. He 
was the orator of the Mecklenburg Centennial, cele- 
brated May 25, 1875. 

He was also a trustee of the State University, 
president of the North Carolina Historical Society 
at the time of his death, and received the title of 
LL.D. from both Trinity College and the State 
University. 

When a young Christian his faith and zeal were 
so great that many predicted that he would follow 
his father into the pulpit, but worldly ambition 
tempted him into politics. God, however, was gra- 




JUDGE JOIIX KERR, LL.D. 

cious to him and restored his first love, and for many 
years before his death he became eminent for god- 
liness. He loved the society of Christ's children, 
and while he was attending to his judicial duties 
it was a common thing for this magnificently en- 
dowed man to forsake the fashionable circles which 
eagerly courted his society and find his chief de- 
light in some humble prayer-meeting. He was 
never ordained as a preacher, but no Sabbath was 
permitted to pass, no matter where he was, without 
his bearing witness to the love of Jesus, and his 
exhortations were all the more forcible because of 
his position on the bench. He died Sept. 5, 1879, 
at his home in Reidsville, N. C, after a protracted 
illness. 

Kerr, Rev. John, was born in Caswell Co.,N. C, 



Aug. 4, 1782. His father was of Scotch descent, 
and was eminently pious. His early education 
was superior to that of most of those by whom he was 
surrounded. He was converted under the preaching 
of Rev. Wm. Paisley, a Presbyterian clergyman, 
and was baptized Aug. 12, 1801. Shortly after- 
wards he was licensed to preach, and was every- 
where listened to with the most earnest attention. 
Having been engaged in teaching previous to his 
conversion, he now abandoned it and gave him- 
self wholly to the ministry. He made extensive 
tours in all directions, visiting South Carolina 
and Georgia, and preaching to large assemblies of 
people. Lower Virginia, also, was the scene of his 
labors. About the year 1811, Mr. Kerr, at the 
earnest solicitation of friends, allowed himself to 
become a candidate for Congress. At first he was 
defeated, but he was subsequently elected, and con- 
tinued to serve his constituents in that body during 
the war of 1812. Mr. Kerr always regarded this 
step as a grievous error, inasmuch as it diminished 
his own spirituality and injured his influence as 
a minister of the gospel ; and his belief was that 
he was brought back from political life only by a 
painful special providence. In March of 1825 he 
removed to Richmond, Va., and took charge of the 
First Baptist church in that city. During the six 
years he spent as pastor of this church, nearly a 
thousand persons were baptized by him, so power- 
fully did the Word of God prevail. Mr. Kei-r was 
deeply interested in all the benevolent movements 
of the day, and for many years presided over the 
General Association of Virginia, as well as over 
the Dover Association. He took an active part 
also in protesting against the dangerous errors of 
Alexander Campbell. In 1832 he resigned the 
care of the church in Richmond in order to devote 
himself more especially to evangelistic labors. His 
time was thenceforth given to protracted meetings 
and visiting destitute churches. In the year 1836 he 
removed to a farm near Danville, Va., still prose- 
cuting his labors among the feeble churches, and 
accomplishing much good. He died Sept. 29, 1842. 
As a preacher Mr. Kerr was greatly gifted. With a 
fine person, a well-modulated voice, and a graceful 
manner, he won and held the attention of the 
largest assemblies for hours. His sermons were 
exceedingly interesting and impressive, and one 
who knew him has said, "Under his stirring and 
almost seraphic appeals I have frequently, I judge, 
seen thousands at one time bathed in tears." 
" Thousands have acknowledged him," says the 
same writer, "as their spiritual father; and in 
Vii'ginia and North Carolina multitudes were 
turned to righteousness through his labors." 

Keyser, Charles, D.D,, was bom at Albany, 
N. Y., May 13, 1827 ; received his literary and 
theological education at Madison University and 



KIDDER 



KIFFIN 



Rochester Theological Seminary ; ordained at Wal- 
lingford, Conn., in 1851 ; was pastor at Mount 
Norris, Niagara Falls, and Binghamton, N. Y., in 
Providence, R. I., in Philadelpliia, Pa., in Trenton, 
N. J., and in Wakefield, Mass., where he died. In 
1865 he received the prize offered by the American 
Baptist Publication Society for the " Baptist Cate- 
chism." Lewisburg University conferred upon him 
the degree of Doctor of Divinity. 

Dr. Keyser was the owner of a clear, powerful 
intellect ; he was logical, orthodox, fearless, and 
faithful. The writer lamented his early and un- 
expected death, and thousands shared in his sor- 
row. 

Kidder, Rev. Wm. S., of Igo, Shasta Co., Cal. ; 
born in Charing, County of Kent, England, Nov. 
15, 1834; came to New York in 1842; was con- 
verted at fifteen, and baptized into the fellowship 
of the Morris church, N. Y. ; removed to California 
in 1858, and was ordained at Sacramento. in 1860. 
He is a devoted pioneer preacher in Northern Cali- 
fornia, — almost the only Baptist minister in that 
wide and destitute field. He has acted as pastor 
at Red Bluff, Weaverville, Mount Shasta, and Eagle 
Creek, laboring with his own hands for his bread, 
and riding forty or fifty miles at his own expense 
to serve some poor church or minister to the afflicted, 
looking for his reward on high. He has been 
greatly blessed in his work and has secured much 
influence among the people, who have honored him 
with some of their most important offices. 

KiefF, Baptism of the Population of.— Vlad- 
imir the Great. Prince of Russia, Avas a heathen until 
he married the Princess Anna, of Constantinople, 
when he repudiated his god Perune, and about a.d. 
988 ordered the entire inhabitants of KiefF to be 
baptized. The proclamation stated that "Who- 
ever, on the morrow, should not repair to the river 
(Dnieper), whether rich or poor, he should hold for 
his enemy." . . . '' Some stood in the water up to 
their necks, others up to their breasts, holding their 
young children in their arras. The priests read 
the prayers from the shore, naming at once whole 
companies by the same name." — MouraviefTs " His- 
tory of the Church of Russia," pp. 13, 15. Oxford, 
1842. In this baptism thousands were immersed, 
and Christianity of a certain kind was triumphantly 
introduced into Russia. 

Kiffin, Rev. William, was born in London in 
1616. In 1625 the plague, which swept over his 
native city, deprived him of both his parents and 
left hiiQ with six plague sores, the cure of which 
was regarded as impossible. Through two sermons 
preached by Mr. Davenport and Mr. Coleman, in 
London, Mr. Kiffin obtained from Christ a divine 
life which defied the evils of seventy stormy years. 
He united with a Congregational church, by which 
he was first called to the ministry. In 1638 he 



joined the Baptist church of which the Rev. John 
Spilsbury was pastor. From this community a 
colony went forth in 1640 which formed another 
church. The new organization met in Devonshire 
Square. It elected Mr. Kiffin pastor, — an office 
which he retained for sixty-one years, the duties 
of which three assistant pastors at difi'erent times 
aided him to discharge. 

Mr. Kiffin was a merchant, carrying on business 
with foreign countries, and especially with Hol- 
land. He conducted his mercantile affairs with so 
much skill that in a few years he was among the 
wealthiest men in London, and known by all classes 
of society throughout the kingdom as one of the 
greatest of English merchant-princes. This made 
him a conspicuous object for persecuting spite, and 




REV. WILLIAM KIFFIN. 

it stirred up the cupidity of a base horde of in- 
formers, whom the Stuarts employed to ruin Dis- 
senters. Lord Arlington, one of the secretaries of 
Charles II., told Mr. Kiffin that he was on every 
list of disaffected persons whose freedom was re- 
garded as dangerous to the government. 

He was arrested many times. Once he was com- 
mitted to the White Lion jail in London, where 
some prisoners formed a conspiracy to murder him, 
but he was unexpectedly set at liberty. Gen. Monk 
arrested him for an alleged conspiracy against the 
king, but the charge was shown to be false, and he 
was released. About midnight, on another occa- 
sion, he was taken into custody, accused of having 
hired two men to kill the king, but soon after this 
wicked fabrication was exposed, and he was per- 



KILPATRICK 



mitted to depart. His position among Dissenters 
exposed him to extreme peril for many years. 

Kiffin's influence was very great. Macaulay 
says, " Great as was the authority of Bunyan with 
the Baptists, William Kiffin's was greater still." 
lie had talents of the highest order; his education 
was respectable ; his sagacity was uncommon ; his 
manners were polished ; his piety was known every- 
where ; and for half a century he was the first man 
in the Baptist denomination. With the business 
community of London, or with the great trades of 
other cities, the credit of Kiffin stood higher, than 
the financial promises of kings. Even the haughty 
nobles of Britain were not too proud to be his 
friends, and among these Clarendon, the Lord High 
Chancellor, stood the first. Thurloe, the chief 
secretary of Cromwell, in his " State Papers,'' 
frequently mentions Mr. Kiffin's name with re- 
spect, and the " Whitlocke's Memorials" are equally 
just to the great and good Baptist. Even King 
Charles himself, as far as his heartlessness would 
permit him to show affection, was the friend of Mr. 
Kiffin. There were ten Baptist men and two women 
arrested at a Dissenting religious meeting at Ayles- 
bury, for which offense against the Church of Eng- 
land they were sentenced to three months' imprison- 
ment. At the expiration of that time they were 
brought before the court and commanded to con- 
form to the Episcopal Church or to leave the 
country immediately. These sturdy Baptists re- 
fused to do either, and they were sentenced to 
death according to law. A man forthwith started 
off to Mr. Kiffin, in London, who interceded with 
the king, and saved their lives. And on several 
other occasions the king gave substantial proofs of 
his regard to the great city merchant. He was so 
friendly to 3Ir. Kiffin that he sent to borrow £40,000 
from him, no doubt as a return for favors he had 
granted his brethren, which Mr. Kiffin compromised 
by a gift of £10,000, and felt that he had saved 
£30,000 by the arrangement. When King James 
IL abolished the charter of the city of London he 
wanted to make Mr. Kiffin an alderman to secure 
the influence of his great name to help him in his 
illegal suspension of many charters, and of all 
penal laws against Dissenters and Catholics. But 
he disliked the king's illegal measures, and lent 
him no willing aid, direct or indirect, to assist him 
in their execution. 

Mr. Kiffin's ample means were chiefly used in 
works of benevolence. He gave large sums to the 
poor; he contributed with great liberality to the 
feeble churches and their persecuted ministers ; he 
assisted in the education of young men for the min- 
istry, and he was ever ready for any labor or gift 
of love. 

The only work he ever published was a treatise 
in favor of "close communion," the arsuments in 



which are as sound as the principles that governed 
his pure and noble life. 

One of the sons of Mr. Kiffin was poisoned by a 
Catholic priest in Venice because he had been too 
free in denouncing his religion. Two of his grand- 
sons, tiie Hewlings, were murdered by Jeffreys, the 
basest of judges, and James IL, the meanest of 
kings. Macaulay speaks of them as '" the gallant 
youths, who, of all the victims of the Bloody Assizes, 
had been most lamented." Their sister Hannah 
married Major Henry Cromwell, the grandson of 
the great Protector. 

Mr. Kiffin was evidently raised up by the provi- 
dence of God and invested with his talents, influ- 
ence, and wealth to shield his persecuted brethren 
in times specially calamitous ; and in a spirit of 
supreme love to Jesus, for half a century, he was 
the father of the English Baptists. He died Sept. 
29, 1701, when the sword of William III. of blessed 
and of "Boyne Water" memory had terrified the 
last Stuart from the English throne. 

Kilborne, Rowley, was born in the town of 
Bristol, Addison Co., Vt, Sept. 28, 1780. He re- 
moved to Canada in 1820. Converted with his 
wife in the winter of 1827-28, he joined the Bap- 
tist church in the township of Lobo. In 1832 he 
removed to Beamsville, and two years after was 
chosen deacon of the church there, in which office 
he continued to the day of his death, Oct. 17, 1880. 
He was the first president of the Baptist Mission- 
ary Convention of the Province of Ontario. For 
forty years he was a magistrate, and in several 
other official positions he served the public with 
rare skill and fidelity. 

Killingswortli, Judge Thomas, was probably 
a native of Norwich, England, and came to this 
country very soon after his ordination. We find 
him at Middletown and Piscataway exercising his 
ministry in 1688 and 1689. His name was promi- 
nently associated with Baptist movements in New 
Jersey, and especially in Piscataway. He was the 
first pastor at Cohansey, continuing for nineteen 
years, until his death. The destruction of the old 
church records for the first century of its existence 
deprives us of facilities for securing information 
about him. Sir. Killingsworth was appointed 
judge in Salem County, and discharged the duties 
of the bench as well as those of the pulpit satisfac- 
torilj'. He died in 1709. He was a firm Baptist, 
but avoided any rash illegal act ; so we find that 
in 1706 at a court held in Salem he took out a license 
under the Toleration Act for a preaching-place at 
the house of one Jeremiah Nickson. 

Kilpatrick, Eev. J. H. T., was one of those 
who aided greatly in elevating our denomination 
in Georgia to its present high standard in a mis- 
sionary point of view. He was born in Iredell Co., 
N. C, June 24, 1793. In his younger years he had 



KILPATRICK 



KILPA TRICK 



excellent educational facilities, received an excep- 
tionally classical education, and prior to his per- 
manent settlement in Georgia he taught school in 
several places in Louisiana. While in that State he 
married his first wife, and also took an active part 
in the campaign of 1814 and 1815, participating in 
the battle of New Orleans, Jan. 8, 1815. He was 
converted in 1817, and joined the Baptist church 
at Cheneyville, La., June 22. In 1820, after the 
death of his wife, he returned to the East, was 
prevailed upon to remain and preach at Robertvill, 
S. C, from whence he removed to Burke Co., Ga., 
where he married Miss Harriet Eliza Jones, June 
23, 1822. Afterwards he removed to Richmond 
County, and at once identified himself with the 
most prominent Baptists in the State, taking a high 




REV. J. II. T. KILPATRICK. 

position among them. His field of labor lay within 
the Hephzibah Association, which, when he first 
became connected with it, was violently anti-mis- 
sionary. With great zeal and prudence he promul- 
gated missionary sentiments, and after the lapse of 
thirteen years had the pleasure of seeing it entirely 
revolutionized on the subject of missions. A tract 
written by him in 1827 or 1828, entitled " A Plain 
Dialogue on Missions," which was afterwards pub- 
lished in the " Baptist Manual" in connection with 
denominational articles by Pengilly, Booth, and 
Andrew Fuller, was prepared specially for the 
Hephzibah Association, and had a most salutary 
influence. Mr. Kilpatrick was, through the force 
of circumstances, a great champion of baptism and 
temperance in his Association, and to him those 



two causes owe much able and eloquent support by 
both pen and voice. He aided, too, greatly in pro- 
moting the Baptist educational interests of Georgia. 
The land upon which Hephzibah High School is 
situated was donated by him, and at the State Con- 
vention of 1829, at Milledgeville, he, Sherwood, 
Sanders, and Mereur promptly raised the $2500 
necessary to secure the Penfield legacy, — an action 
which proved to be the inception of Mercer Uni- 
versity. His life was prolonged until Jan. 9, 1869, 
and was one of remarkable usefulness. 

The following is part of a sketch of Mr. Kil- 
patrick, written by Gen. G. W. Evans, of Augusta, 
which appeared in the minutes of the Hephzibah 
Association for 1869 : 

" As a citizen, he was quiet, retiring, and unob- 
trusive ; as a man, open, honest, and unsuspecting; 
as a friend, true but undemonstrative ; as a pastor, 
laborious and constant, alwaj's punctual to his ap- 
pointments ; as a preacher, he was logical and pro- 
found, and when aroused oftentimes sublimely 
eloquent ; as a writer and controversialist, he was 
true, accurate, and resistless ; as a Christian, uni- 
form and faithful ; and in his expiring moments, 
as if to seal the holy record of his life with his 
dying testimony, his last words were ' Precious 
Jesus !' 

" Such, brethren, is the brief and imperfect rec- 
ord of the man now gone to his reward, who, be- 
fore many of us were born, became, by the power 
of his intellect, we might almost say the father of 
this Association, and who, by pen and voice, aided 
by the late Rev. Joshua Key, was the main instru- 
ment of building up the missionary interest among 
us, and who for years was the triumphant defender 
of our peculiar views and the eloquent vindicator 
of our denominational honor. Gifted with a mas- 
sive intellect and an iron constitution, he literally 
wore out in the service of his Master. We deem 
it no injustice to the living or the dead to express 
our honest conviction that in his death is extin- 
guished the brightest intellectual light which it has 
ever been our pride to honor." 

Kilpatrick, Rev. James Hines, youngest son 

of Rev. J. H. T. Kilpatrick and Miss Harriet E. 
Jones, was born in Burke Co., Ga., Oct. 18, 1833. 
He entered Mercer University in 1849 and grad- 
uated in 1853, sharing the highest honors of his 
class. While at Mercer he made a public profes- 
sion of religion and united with the church, and 
was called to ordination by the White Plains 
church, Greene County, in 1854. He began his 
labors as pastor of that church in 1855, succeeding 
Rev. V. R. Thornton. Since that time his ener- 
gies have been concentrated upon the White Plains 
church, of which he has been the pastor ever since, 
though he has had charge of other churches, and 
he has succeeded in so developing its capabilities 



KILPATRICK 



657 



KIMBROUGH 



that it has become one of the most spiritual, effi- 
cient, liberal, and enlightened churches in the 
State. For years it has been regarded as a model 
church, and Mr. Kilpatrick as the model pastor 
of the State. In his preaching he makes no effort 
at display, his aim being to present gospel truth in 
such a manner that all may understand and few 
fail to appreciate it; and perhaps no minister in 
the State is uniformly heard with more interest 
and profit. 

In public life he is very quiet and unobtrusive, 
but is ever ready to maintain his opinions with 
ability. He has always taken a prominent part in 
the affairs of the Georgia Association, and since his 
majority has invariably occupied a seat in the 
Georgia Baptist and Southern Baptist Conven- 
tions. 

In private life he is simple in his habits, affable 
in manners, and pleasant in social intercourse. He 
is fond of books and study. He has published sev- 
eral valuable sermons and a series of articles in 
the Christian Index On the subject of " Baptism," 
which were masterly in character and exhaustive 
in execution. He exerts a strong influence in the 
denomination within his own State, and might de- 
servedly occupy a much more prominent position 
were it not for his modesty. He is a strong, terse, 
sensible writer, a forcible speaker, and a man of 
great power every way. 

Kilpatrick, Rev. Washington L., eldest son 
of Rev. J. H. T. Kilpatrick, was born in Burke Co., 
Ga., Oct. 18, 1829. He was graduated from Mer- 
cer University, with the first honors of his class, 
in 1850 ; was ordained in 1852, entered upon the 
duties of a country pastor, and to the present 
time, with persistent and untiring energy and 
faithfulness, has labored in the ministry, serving 
different churches within the bounds of the Heph- 
zibah Association. So eminent have been his abil- 
ities, so exalted his character, so uniform his coui'- 
tesy and kindness, and so efficient have been his 
labors and so Christian his deportment, that he 
wields an infliuence possessed by no other in his 
Assoeiation. He is commanding in person, with a 
fine open countenance, great benignity of expres- 
sion, and a pleasing address that secures the confi- 
dence of strangers. Having a tender heart and 
liberal impulses, the suffering have ever found him 
a ready friend and the poor a generous almoner. 
As a preacher, he speaks extemporaneously, is al- 
ways practical, pointed, and clear. Too deeply 
concerned in presenting sound and wholesome in- 
struction, which he does in a solemn and impressive 
manner, to seek for mere ornamentation in speech, 
he makes no special effort to embellish his sermons. 
By his preaching he has attained the most gratify- 
ing results, and has secured for himself an enviable 
reputation ; for, while an unflinching Baptist, and 



ardently devoted to the spread of Baptist senti- 
ments, he seeks for success more by the firm main- 
tenance of truth than by directly combating error. 

But other labors pertaining to the welfai-e of our 
Baptist Zion, besides those of a pastor, have en- 
gaged his attention. For twenty-two consecutive 
years he managed the mission and colporteur work 
of the Hephzibah Association. Chiefly through his 
instrumentality the Hephzibah High School was 
established in 1861, and that school he taught, as 
president, with eminent success, from 1866 to 1876. 
In 1868 he organized the Walker Colored Associa- 
tion, and since its formation he has been the chief 
and trusted counselor of its ministers and churches. 
Prior to emancipation the members of those churches 
belonged to the Hephzibah Association. Since 1869 
he has faithfully discharged the duties of a trustee 
of Mercer University ; and in 1878 he succeeded in 
securing the organization of the Georgia Baptist 
Historical Society, of which he is the efficient cor- 
responding secretary. 

Mr. Kilpatrick has sought to make his attain- 
ments more and more available for wide-spread 
usefulness ; and, whatever his influence may be as 
a public man, — and unquestionably it is very great, 
— it is but the natural and logical sequence of an un- 
blemished private record and consecrated talents. 

Kimbro, Rev. W. C, M.D., a prominent min- 
ister and physician in Drew Co., Ark., was born in 
North Carolina in 1835 ; came to Arkansas in 
1860 and settled near his present residence, and 
engaged successfully in the practice of medicine. 
He united with the church in 1868, and was soon 
after licensed to preach, and ordained in 1870. 
While pursuing his profession he has done much 
to relieve the destitute around him. Hopewell 
and Centre Point churches have enjoyed his labors, 
and have been much blessed under his efficient 
ministry. 

Kimbrough, Rev. Bradley, son of Rev. Duke 

Kimbrough, was born in .Jefferson Co., Tenn., Nov. 
3, 1799. He studied and practised law for a time, 
and was regarded as one of the first lawyers of the 
State. 

In 1834 he was a leading member of the con- 
vention which revised the constitution of the State 
of Tennessee. He afterwards refused political 
preferment and became a minister of the gospel, 
and was ordained by the Madisonville Baptist 
church in the year 1835. His efforts as a pastor 
were very successful ; he assisted in the organiza- 
tion of a number of churches, and labored in pro- 
ti-acted meetings, which were abundantly blessed 
of the Lord. 

His ministerial gifts were of a high ordei'. In 
1845 he was chosen agent to endow Union Univer- 
sity, located at Murfreesborough, Tenn. He ac- 
cepted, and completed the work in 1847. At one 



KINCAID 



658 



KIND WORDS 



time he was agent of the Bible Board. He was 
successful ia whatever he undertook. For many 
years he was moderator of the Liberty Association, 
and he was also president of the General Associa- 
tion. He closed his earthly labors June 30, 1874. 
While living he was one of the brightest lights in 
our beloved Zion. 

Kincaid, Eugenio, D.D., was born in the State 
of Connecticut, and brought up in Southern New 
Yorli ; was one of five students who formed the 
first class in Madison University, Hamilton, N. Y. 
Under the influence of sermons preached by Dr. 
Carey, during his second year at Hamilton, he de- 
termined to become a missionary. At the time of 
his leaving college there was war between the Eng- 
lish and Burman governments, which led to the 
breaking up of the Burmese mission and delayed 
his departure for heathen lands. He then became 
pastor of the church at Galway, N. Y., where, how- 
ever, he became dissatisfied, and resolved that if no 
door was yet open for labor among the heathen, he 
would find some destitute region in his own country 
where he could do missionary work. His attention 
being directed to the mountainous districts of Cen- 
tral Pennsylvania, he commenced work at Milton, 
where at that time there was but one Baptist, and 
she a poor widow with six children. He preached 
in court-rooms, school-houses, and occasionally in 
groves, for four years, with manifold tokens of 
the Divine fav(n'. 

While thus engaged he received a letter from the 
executive committee of the Missionai-y Union ask- 
ing him to go to Burmah. He replied at once that 
he would. In the spring of 1830 he sailed from 
Boston, and towards the close of the year he reached 
Maulmain, where he found Drs. Judson and Wade 
and Mr. Bennett. 

Dr. Kincaid commenced the study of the lan- 
guage under a native preacher, giving twelve hours 
every six days of the week to the work. Mean- 
while, he preached for the English soldiers then 
stationed in those parts. After a year of prep- 
aration he went to Rangoon and gave his entire 
time to work among the Burmans. In a little 
more than a year he left the Burman church at 
Rangoon under the care of a native pastor, and 
proceeded to Ava, the capital, and subsequently 
spent three months in visiting every town and vil- 
lage along the banks of the Irrawaddy. For nearly 
two months he lived in his boat, subjected to severe 
hardships ; but he heroically continued his work 
among the natives, and at the end of fifteen months 
had baptized eleven converts and organized them 
into a church. 

He continued his labors for many years in for- 
eign lands, and subsequently returned to America 
Ijroken in health by his incessant toil. At his 
quiet home in Girard. Kan., the enfeebled body de- 



tains a little longer " the hero missionary" from 
his home beyond the skies. 

Kincaid, Rev. J. P., was born in Garrard Co., 
Ky., March 4, 1848. In 1852 his parents removed 
to Danville, where, at the age of thirteen, he united 
with the Baptist church. In 1868 he transferred 
his membership from the church at Danville to New 
Providence church, in the same county, where, 
July 14, 1872, he was ordained to the gospel min- 
istry in the Baptist church by the following Pres- 
bytery : T. M. Vaughn, R. L. Thurman, W. P. 
Harvey, I. M. Sallee, and A. D. Rash. About this 
time he was called to the pastoral care of the 
Drake's Creek church, in Lincoln Co., Ky. After 
this he took charge of the Logan's Creek church 
also. About forty persons were added to the Drake's 
Creek church during his first year's labors there. 
In the latter part of 1873 he resigned the care of 
these churches, and removed to Covington, Tenn. 
During the summer and fall of the year he labored 
in protracted meetings in Topton, Lauderdale, and 
Dyer Counties, and in October, 1874, was called 
to the care of the Elam Baptist church, Durhams- 
ville, Tenn. 

He is a decided Baptist. He is now pastor of 
the church in Gallatin, Tenn. Mr. Kincaid, though 
a young man, stands among the first preachers of 
our State ; he is a reasoner, and knows how "rightly 
to divide the word of truth." 

" Kind Words" and "The Child's Gem."— 
Kind Words is the Sunday-school paper of the 
Southern Baptist Convention. It is published at 
Macon, Ga., and edited by Rev. S. Boykin. This 
useful paper wields a strong, extended, and healthy 
influence. Its lesson expositions of the " Interna- 
tional Series" are studied to advantage by perhaps 
200,000 persons each week in all the editions, 
counting the Lesson Leaflets. Its tone is highly 
evangelical, and at the same time it is strikingly 
denominational and a decided advocate of the mis- 
sion cause. It first appeared in January, 1864, in 
the very midst of the throes of war, and was orig- 
inated by Mr. C. J. Elford, of Greenville, S. C, 
assisted by Rev. Basil Manly, D.D., president, and 
Rev. John A. Broadus, corresponding secretary, 
of the Sunday-School Board of the Southern Bap- 
tist Convention, and soon reached a circulation of 
25,000. For years it was a small monthly sheet, 
and its price was ten cents. It was then published 
at Greenville, S. C. In 1868 the Sunday-School 
Board was removed to Memphis, Tenn., aVid Kind 
Words was transferred to that city, where, in 1870, 
it was consolidated with the Child's Delight, a Sun- 
day-school paper published by Rev. S. Boykin, at 
Macon, Ga., who was employed as editor. The 
Child's Delight was a semi-monthly paper, and thus 
Kind Words became a semi-monthly. Two years 
later a weekly edition was also issued, and its cir- 



KING 



659 



KING 



culation became very extensive throughout the 
South and Southwest. In 1873 the Sunday-School 
Board was merged into the Home Board of the 
Southern Baptist Convention at Marion, Ala., and 
Kind Words was transferred to the care of that 
board, by which it has been issued ever since. Its 
publication office was changed to Macon, Ga., where 
satisfactory printing arrangements were made with 
the firm of J. W. Burke & Co. by the secretary of 
the Home Board. It is beautifully illustrated and 
elegantly printed, and yields the Home Board of the 
Southern Baptist Convention an income of $1000 
per annum above expenses. The different editions 
of the paper are a weekly, semi-monthly, and 
monthly. The monthly issue contains no lessons ; 
the weekly and semi-monthly issues contain them. 
Four-page Lesson Leaflets are also published. 

The ChikVs Gem, a beautiful little fouf-page 
weekly illustrated Sunday-school paper for infant 
classes, is published by Rev. S. Boykin, Macon, Ga. 
It contains appropriate matter for the very young, 
with the lesson-story and questions adapted to the 
capacity of children unable to i-ead. It has now 
been in existence two years, and has quite a wide 
circulation. It was first published under the title 
of The Baptist Gem. 

King, Rev. Alonzo, was born in Wilbraham, 
Mass., April 1, 1796. When he was three or four 
years of age his family removed to Newport, N. li. 
He pursued his studies preparatory to college at 
the Newport Academy, and under the tuition of 
Rev. Leland Howard, of Windsor, Vt., and was a 
graduate of Waterville College, now Colby Univei'- 
sity, in the class of 1825. He was invited, immedi- 
ately on his graduation, to become pastor of the 
church in what is now Yarmouth, Me., then North 
Yarmouth, which had become vacant by the i-e- 
moval of its pastor. Rev. Stephen Chapin, D.D., 
afterwards president of Columbian College, Wash- 
ington, D. C. He was ordained Jan. 24, 1826, and 
was eminently successful in his ministry till fail- 
ing health forced him to resign, in the spi'ing of 
1831. A year afterwards he was so far recovered 
that he was able to accept a call to the pastorate 
of the Baptist church in Northborough, Mass. 
While residing at Northborough he was for a time 
agent of the Massachusetts Baptist Convention, and 
also soliciting agent to raise funds for the endow- 
ment of the Newton Theological Institution. He 
was several times urged to take charge of important 
churches in cities and large towns, but his modest 
estimate of his abilities led him to decline all these 
overtures. In the spring of 1835 he removed to 
Westborough, Mass., where he died November 29 of 
the same year. As an author he is known' by his 
" Memoir of George Dana Boardman." "In my 
own memory," says Baron Stow, " and in that of 
every one who knew him, his name is fragrant." 



King, Rev. Baniel, was born July 1, 1803, on 
what was then the disputed border line of Kentucky 
and Tennessee. He was converted and baptized in 
1831, and soon began missionary work in Missis- 
sippi. For twenty-five years he was a most faithful 
and successful evangelist and pastor, conducting 
many revivals, building up new churches, and bap- 
tizing large numbers. He was robust and had 
great natural force, swaying large audiences with 
the powers of a splendid eloquence. In 1853 he 
went to California and located on the Solano plains, 
where he built up one of the strongest and wealth- 
iest churches, now known as the Dixon church. 
He died at Dixon, Oct. 3, 1877. He was honored 
and loved by all, and his influence on the Baptist 
cause, in its missionary and educational depai-t- 
ments, will be felt for many generations on the 
Pacific coast. 

King, Gen. E. D., was bom in Greene Co., Ga., 
April 12, 1792; was a captain in the command of 
Gen. Floyd in the principal Indian war, fought in 
several battles, and was twice wounded. He re- 
moved to Alabama while it was yet a Territory, 
commenced life there in a log cabin, and became 
princely wealthy. For many years he was a trus- 
tee of the University of Alabama, one of the pro- 
jectors of Howard College and of the Judson 
Female Institute, and president of the board of 
trustees of the last-named institution from its be- 
ginning to his death ; contributed liberally of his 
time and means to the cause of education and 
religion ; deacon in the Baptist church at Marion, 
and one of its most useful members ; ardent and 
sincere in his attachments and convictions ; of a 
strong and determined will ; noted for his eminently 
practical judgment and good sense. He was the 
father of the Hon. Porter King. 

King, Rev. Eustace E., pastor at Senatobia, 
Miss., was born in Mississippi in 1850 ; graduated 
at Mississippi College in 1873 ; began to preach at 
the age of eighteen ; spent two years at the South- 
ern Baptist Theological Seminary, then located at 
Greenville, S. C. ; after which he was called to his 
present pastorate, where his labors have been emi- 
nently successful. 

King, Rev. G. M. P., principal of the AVayland 
Seminary, Washington, D. C, was born at Oxford, 
Me., in 1833. He was fitted for college at Hebron 
Academy, and graduated from Colby University in 
1857. He spent one year at Newton Theological 
Seminary. For the school year of 1858-59 he had 
charge of the rhetorical department of the Mary- 
land Agricultural College. In 1860 he became 
pastor of the Baptist church in East Providence, 
R. I., and remained there five years. In April, 
1865, while spending a few weeks with the army, 
in the service of the Christian Commission, he be- 
came interested in the education of the colored peo- 



KING 



KINNERSLEY 



pie of the South. He wrote and urged the grant- 
ing of the first request to be allowed to open a 
school in Richmond, Va., for the teaching of the 
freedmen. In 1867 he took charge of the National 
Theological Institute, Washington, D. C.,— a school 
for their education. After two years it -was united 
with Wayland Seminary, and Prof. King became 
the principal,— a position which he still holds. In 
the beginning they had no building and but few 
students; now they have a property free from 
debt, worth nearly $50,000, a handsome building 
in a beautiful location. It has numbered nearly 
100 students annually for the last ten years, about 
half of whom have been connected with the the- 
ological department, and already more than 50 
of the students are doing effective work as pastors, 
while a much larger number have engaged in 
teaching. The last class numbered 17, the largest 
ever graduated at this excellent institution. 

King, Rev. H. M., was born in Ralls. Co., Mo., 
April 8, 1839. He attended for some time the 
Shelbyville Seminary, at Shelbyville, Mo., and 
afterwards continued his studies under a graduate 
of Berlin, and finally with a Presbyterian minister 
of Kentucky. He was converted at Shelbyville, 
Mo., in 1859, in February, and baptized the same 
month. In August of that year he commenced 
to preach, and in the December following was 
ordained. 

Mr. King labored for some years acceptably in 
Missouri, when, on account of being frail, he re- 
moved to Texas, hoping that its milder climate 
would suit him better. He was quite successful at 
Chapel Hill, Texas. Here his health gave way 
again, and he concluded to go to Florida. He ar- 
rived there a few years ago, and settled at Gaines- 
ville. His first pastorate was at Fernandina. He 
has been constantly engaged in the ministry, and 
his health is restored. 

Mr. King is a man of fine intelligence, and as a 
preacher he has few equals. He thinks closely and 
clearly, and expresses himself perspicuously. He 
is remarkably prudent, conservative, and firm. He 
is able to adapt himself to the various classes of 
society, and he is beloved alike by all, which, in a 
country with such a complex population, adds very 
materially to his usefulness. He is one of the most 
valuable men in the denomination in Florida. 

King, Rev. I. D., was born in Baltimore, Md., 
Feb. 4, 1824 ; was baptized into the fellowship of 
the Spruce Street church, Philadelphia, by Rev. T. 
0. Lincoln, May 8, 1842; was ordained in May, 
1854, and settled as pastor of the church at Smith- 
field, Pa., where he remained two years ; was sub- 
sequently pastor of the churches at Uniontown, Pa., 
Portsmouth, 0., Granville, 0., Phoenixville, Pa., 
and Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. In 1876 he took 
charge of a new mission interest in Philadelphia, 



whicli, under his efiicient labors, soon became the 
Centennial church. With this church he still con- 
tinues as pastor, and God is still blessing his min- 
istry. 

King, Hon. Judge Porter, was born in Perry 
Co., Ala., April 30, 1824; educated at the Univer- 
sity of Alabama and at Brown University, R. I., 
whilst under the presidency of Dr. Wayland ; 
studied law under Thos. Chilton, Esq.; was judge 
of the circuit court of one of the judicial circuits of 
the State before the late war, and held the office 
until deprived of it by Federal authority in 1865 ; 
for many years a trustee of the State University 
and of the Hospital for the Insane, taking a deep 
interest in these institutions; deacon in the Bap- 
tist church at Marion, trustee of Howard College, 
and president of the board of trustees of the Jud- 
son Female Institute. Judge King is a wealthy, 
cultivated gentleman, a lawyer of distinction, and 
a Baptist of sterling worth. He is a son of the 
late Gen. E. D. King. 

Kinnear, Judge William Boyd, was born in 
St. John, New Brunswick, Get. 12, 1796; con-, 
verted in that city, and baptized in Halifax, Nova 
Scotia, in 1827 ; was one of the founders of the 
Baptist seminary at Fredericton ; elected member 
of the Provincial Parliament in 1832 ; appointed to 
the Legislative Council in 1838 ; was judge of pro- 
bate in St. John for many years, and was deacon 
of Brussels Baptist church. Judge Kinnear pos- 
sesses a keen, well-cultured mind, accurate knowl- 
edge of law, deep Christian experience, zeal for 
education and other denominational enterprises, 
and the strictest integrity. 

Kinnersley, Rev. Ebenzer, was bom in Glouces- 
ter, England, Nov. 30, 1707. He arrived in Amer- 
ica Sept. 12, 1714, was ordained in 1743, and min- 
istered in Philadelphia and elsewhere until 1754. 
He had serious doubts about the character of 
Whitefield's preaching, and involved himself in 
grave trouble with the Baptist community in 
Philadelphia by proclaiming in the pulpit his con- 
victions. 

"In 1746," says Senator Jones, of Pennsylvania, 
" his attention was first directed to the wonderful 
and unknown properties of the electric fire, as it 
was then termed, and he was brought into close 
companionship with Benjamin Franklin. He was 
intimately associated with Franklin in some of his 
most splendid discoveries, and he more than once 
gratefully acknowledged his aid. He attracted the 
attention of many of the most eminent philosophers 
on both sides of the Atlantic, and he was chosen a 
member of the American Philosophical Society, 
which was then composed of the most learned and 
scientific men in the city." He was elected Pro- 
fessor of the English Tongue and of Oratory in the 
University of Pennsylvania in 1755. He held this 



KINNEY 



KIRTLEY 



position with advantage to the institution for eigh- 
teen years, and resigned it to the great regret of 
the students and their teachers. He died July 4, 
1778. In the splendid building recently reared 
for the University of Pennsylvania a beautiful 
memorial windowr commemorates the worth of 
Ehenezer Kinnersley. 

Kinney, Deacon Albert William, eldest son 
of Hon. R. C. Kinney, is deacon of the Baptist 
church of Salem, Oregon. He is successor to his 
father in an immense business at Salem, is noted 
for his devotion to Christ and for his lovely spirit. 
He is a large contributor to Baptist benevolent ob- 
jects and other charities on the Pacific Coast. He 
was born at Muscatine, la., Oct. 3, 184.3, became 
a Christian in early life, and is a zealous and 
steadfast member of the Baptist church. 

Kinney, Hon. Robert Crouch, one of the most 
distinguished of Baptist benefactors in Oregon, was 
born July 4, 1813, in St. Clair Co., 111. ; removed 
to Muscatine, la., in 1838, and to Oregon in 1847 ; 
successful in large business enterprises, kind to the 
poor, just in his dealings, liberal to all, especially 




HON. ROBERT CROUCH KINNEY. 

to churches and colleges. He died at Salem, Ore- 
gon, March 2, 1875 ; all business was suspended, 
the Capitol was in mourning, and State officials wept 
as for a brother at the funeral. When death was 
near, his son, Dr. Kinney, was summoned at mid- 
night to a distant town. The night was stormy, 
and the son, being reluctant to leave his father, was 
urged to go. " It may be some poor man that can- 
not pay you, Alfred ; but go; don't let him suffer."' 



His marriage in early life was a happy one. He 
and his wife were Baptists ; their children illus- 
trated their parents' piety in the consecration of 
their wealth to the upbuilding of McMinnville Col- 
lege, the support of missions, and all other oljjects 
of benevolence. Mr. Kinney was a member of the 
Iowa Constitutional Convention ; also a member of 
the Territorial Legislature, and of the Constitutional 
Convention of Oregon. 

Kirk, Rev. A. G., is of Scotch origin on his 
father's side, and of English on his mother's. He 
was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., Nov. 14, 1809, of 
Quaker parentage. His great-grandfather, Ben- 
jamin Gilbert, and his- family, were taken pris- 
oners by the Indians in April, 1780, and suffered a 
miserable captivity, passing their days in constant 
terror of being killed, but, in the language of the 
chief, Rowland Mintour, " The Great Spirit would 
not let us kill you." 

The son remained with his father's family until 
his marriage, in 1833, and in the subsequent year 
removed into Ohio, and engaged in teaching until 
1845. On Jan. 15, 1843, he was baptized, and 
made his first public speech to a large assembly, 
partly composed of his scholars and of skeptical 
friends attracted to the solemn scene. He was 
ordained Jan. 12, 1845, at Salem, Columbiana Co., 
0. He was the first resident pastor of the church 
in New Castle, Lawrence Co., Pa., and the first 
pastor of the Nixon Street church, Alleghany City, 
Pa. At New Castle he enjoyed a prosperous min- 
istry of eleven years. In Alleghany City and other 
churches he was highly favored. His entire min- 
istry has been richly blessed. In labors he has 
been abundant, having preached during thirty- 
three years about 5000 sermons, and during the 
entire period losing only eight Sabbaths by any 
indisposition of the body. He is still in service. 

Kirtley, Rev. E. N"., a prominent minister in 
Louisiana, is a native of Virginia, and nearly fifty- 
five years of age. He came to Louisiana about 
1850 as a licensed preacher in the Methodist church. 
He was convinced of the truth of Baptist sentiments 
from reading " Pendleton's Three Reasons." He 
was ordained as a Baptist minister in 1854, and be- 
came a missionary of the Grand Cane Association. 
He labored hei-e until the war. About 1863 he re- 
moved to Springville, in Red River Parish, and en- 
gaged in teaching and preaching. He then re- 
moved to Ringgold, in Bienville Parish, where he 
taught and preached until he was called to Minden, 
in 1873. He then took a school at Red Land, in 
Bossier Parish, where he still lives, supplying the 
church at Bellevue, the capital of Bossier Parish. 

Kirtley, Rev. Robert, was born in Culpeper 
Co., Va., May 30, 1786. In 1796 he with his 
parents emigrated to Boone Co., Ky., where he spent 
the remainder of a long and eminently useful life. 



KITCHEN 



KNAPP 



He professed religion and united with the Baptist 
church at Bullittsburg in 1811. In 1812 he en- 
tered the army as a lieutenant, and at the close of 
the campaign returned home and engaged in the 
active duties of religion. He was licensed to preach 
in 1819, oi-dained in 1822, and in 1826 he succeeded 
the beloved Absalom Gi'aves in the pastoral care of 
Bullittsburg church. He was the leading preacher 
for years in North Bend Association, of which 
he was moderator thirty-one years. He died April 
9, 1872. 

Kitchen, Hon. W. H., who represents the Sec- 
ond District of North Carolina ip the U. S. Congress, 
was born in 1837 ; received a collegiate education 
in Virginia ; read law ; entered the army in 1861, 
and attained the rank of captain of infiintry, 12th 
Regiment N. C. troops ; was baptized by Rev. C. 
Durham in 1876. Mr. Kitchen is a man of great 
worth. 

Kitts, E.ev. Thomas J., was born in 1789, and 
was licensed to preach by the First Baptist church 
of Wilmington, Del. He was ordained to the pas- 
torate of the church of Canton, N. J. In 1823 he 
took charge of the Second Baptist church of Phila- 
delphia. This office he held for nearly sixteen 
years, till death summoned him to the skies. 

His preaching was able and his ministry success- 
ful. He was a man of prayer ; he was thoroughly 
conversant with the Word of God ; he lived near 
the Eternal, whose love lifted his heart above the 
world and gave him the warm regards of all the 
friends of Jesus with whom he came in contact. 
He died Jan. 26, 1838, in the forty-ninth year of 
his age. 

Knapp, Halsey Wing, D.D., was born in the 
city of New York in October, 1824. His father, 
Rev. Henry R. Knapp, was a successful Baptist 
minister, and his mother a woman of piety and 
force of character. In his youth and early man- 
hood he was impulsive, energetic, and jovial, lead- 
ing a restless life, some years of which were spent 
at sea. In 1846 he settled in business in New 
York. He was converted in 1857, and in 1858 was 
ordained to the ministry by a Council of the Baptist 
churches of New York. From this time his career 
has been especially eventful. His pastorates have 
been at West Farms and Hudson City, and in New 
York City with the South, Pilgrim, and Light 
Street churches. These important positions he 
has filled and at the same time conducted an ex- 
tensive business. During nineteen years of pulpit 
service he has given away his entire salai-y to re- 
ligious and benevolent objects. He daily trans- 
acts business, preaches every night in the week, 
during revival seasons traveling at night to keep 
his appointments, without any expense to the 
churches, and he often gives largely of his own 
means to assist new churches. His donations are 



without ostentation, and aggregate many thou- 
sands of dollars. As a preacher Dr. Knapp is 
eloquent and impressive, and he is greatly beloved 
by his denomination. A Western college conferred 
upon him the degree of D.D. in 1876. 

Knapp, Eev. Henry Reynolds, was bom in 
the city of New York Dec. 6, 1800; converted at the 
age of twenty-four ; with his half-brother, Wil- 
liam, organized a Sunday-school and preaching 
service in the basement of his father's house, out of 
which grew the Sixteenth Street Baptist church; 
licensed by McDougal Street Baptist church in 
1832; ordained pastor of Greenport church, L. I., 
Oct. 8, 1834 ; having evangelistic gifts, afterwards 
settled with Baptist church, Essex, Conn. ; First 
Baptist church, New London ; Baptist church, Pres- 
ton City; Second Baptist church, Groton; church 
in Rockville ; church at Rondout, on the Hudson ; 
returned to Greenport, L. I. ; with church at Noank, 
Conn. ; with the church at Hastings, on the Hud- 
son ; clear and forcible preacher; sound in doctrine 
and devoted in labors ; his ministry crowned with 
many and happy revivals ; occupying different 
fields in order to do the most good ; in every place 
honored and held in sweet remembrance; has three 
sons now living. Rev. Halsey W. Knapp, D.D., 
Rev. Samuel J. Knapp, and Prof. Knapp of Yale 
College; had in his wife an eminent helpmeet; 
died May 13, 1862, in his sixty -second year, and 
the thirty-first of his ministry. 

Knapp, E,ev. Jacoh, was born Dec. 7, 1799, in 
Otsego Co., N. Y., and died at Rockford, 111., March 
3, 1874. He studied at Hamilton in 1821-25, and 
was ordained August 23 in the year last named. 
Entering the pastorate at Springfield, Otsego Co., 
N. Y., he remained there five years; then removed 
to Watertown, N. Y., where he remained three 
years. Entering there upon the work of an 
'' evangelist," he continued in that service during 
the remaining forty-two years of his public minis- 
try. Fifteen years he resided at Hamilton, N. Y., 
twenty-five upon his farm near Rockford, 111. In 
his revivalist work he ranged widely over New 
York, New England, and the Western States, in- 
cluding California. "He preached about 16,000 
sermons," says Prof. Spear, of Madison University, 
" led about 200 young men to preach the gospel, 
and baptized 4000." Mr. Knapp's physique was 
in some sense a type of his mental and spiritual 
habit. He was of moderate height, strongly built, 
with broad shoulders and a muscular frame capa- 
ble of great endurance. His conspicuous physical, 
like his mental, quality was that of robustness, 
while the business-like air with which he moved 
about in his ordinary avocations was typical of 
the serious, earnest, unfiinching way in which he 
preached and toiled in the face of severe personal 
exposure .and reproach. His preaching was doc- 



KNAPr 



KNOLL YS 



trinal, direct, unsparing, even sometimes to the 
verge of coarseness ; but his power over audiences 
veas remarkable, and tlie fruits of his long toil in 
his chosen sphere, while not always genuine, were 
believed in many cases to be so, and always abun- 
dant. Among his last words were, " Oh, I have 
■come to the everlasting hills !" 

"On Christ tho solid rock I stand, 
All other ground is sinliiiig sand." 

lie was buried at Rockford, 111., Drs. Cole and 
Osgood and Hon. Messrs. Fulton, of Belvidere, 
and Holraan, of Rockford, participating in the 
service. 

Knapp, "William J., Ph.D., was born at Green- 
point, Long Island, March 10, 1835 ; received his 
collegiate education in Madison and New York 
Universities. At graduation, in Madison, he was 
elected Professor of Modern Languages, for which 
he possesses remarkable qualifications. For a time 
he was Professor of Ancient and Modern Lan- 
guages in Vassar College. In 1867 New York 
University conferred upon him the honoi-ary degree 
of Doctor of Philosophy. For some years he was 
engaged in successful missionary labors in Spain. 
He is now a professor in Yale College. 

Kneeland, Rev. Levi, was born in Masonville, 
N. Y., in 1803 ; converted at the age of fifteen, and 
united with the Baptist church in Masonville ; at 
twenty licensed to preach ; in 1824 entered Ham- 
ilton Literary and Theological Institution, and re- 
mained four years; ordained at Packerville, Conn., 
Oct. 8, 1828, with church just formed; held meet- 
ings in remote neighborhoods ; established branch 
church at Voluntown ; preached at Jewett City, 
Sterling, and Plainfield ; assisted in protracted 
meetings at Norwich and elsewhere ; held pro- 
tracted meetings at Packerville every year ; bold, 
aggressive, mighty in prayer, powerful in exhorta- 
tion, full of illustrations, afi"able, sociable ; intent 
on saving souls and greatly beloved by his brethren ; 
in the six years of his ministry baptized more than 
300; died at Packerville, Aug. 23, 1834, aged 
thirty-one. 

Knight, Rev. Aaron Brightwell, A.M., was 

born in Todd Co., Ky., Feb. 24, 1824. He united 
with the Baptist church at Russellville in 1842, 
was licensed to preach in 1846, and was ordained 
in 1850. He was educated at Centre College, Ky., 
and graduated in 1845, after which he pursued a 
three years' course at Princeton Theological Sem- 
inary, in New Jersey. He received several flatter- 
ing calls to city and village churches, but preferring 
the quiet of a country home, after preaching a short 
time for Salem church in Christian County, in his 
native State, he settled on a farm in Shelby Co., 
Ky., in 1858, where he still resides. He has been 
pastor of Burk's Branch church since 1858, and for 
a short time of Clay Village church. Since 1871 



he has been pastor at Simpsonville church. In 
1863 he was moderator of the General Association, 
and has been thirteen years moderator of Long 
Run Association, which includes the churches of 
Louisville. He was active in establishing the 
Kentucky Female College at Shelbyville ; was its 
first president, and chairman of its board of trustees 
until it was destroyed by fire. He is a good 
preacher, and is much beloved and honored by his 
people. 

Knight, Rev. Richard, author of the " History 
of the General and Six-Principle Baptists in Eng- 
land and America," in two parts ; and the son of 
Deacon Stephen Knight, was born in Cranston, 
R. I., Oct. 5, 1771 ; a descendant of Richard Knight, 
one of the first settlers of Cranston ; united with the 
Six-Principle Baptists in 1804 ; ordained pastor of 
the church in Scituate, R. I., Oct. 19, 1809, by Revs. 
Westcott, Manchester, and Sprague ; served this 
church till his death; favored with powerful re- 
vivals ; his church finally numbered over 400 mem- 
bers ; published his history (8vo, 370 pages) in 
1827 ; occupied his pulpit for fifty-three years ; a 
man of great worth, industry, and strength ; died 
in Cranston, R. I., April 10, 1863, in his ninety- 
second year. 

Knollys, Rev. Hanserd, A.M., was born at 

Chalkwell, in Lincolnshire, in 1598. His parents 
gave their son religious instruction and a superior 
education. He was sent to the University of Cam- 
bridge, where he remained until he graduated. He 
had some religious exercises before he came to Cam- 
bridge, but sermons which he heard during his 
residence there were blessed to his conversion. 

In June, 1629, he was ordained by the Bishop 
of Peterborough, and soon after he received the 
living of Humberstone from the Bishop of Lincoln. 
While at Humberstone he preached in many par- 
ishes beside his own, and at several hours in the 
day. He frequently proclaimed Christ at Holton 
at seven in the morning, at Humberstone at nine, 
at Scartha at eleven, and at Humberstone again at 
three in the afternoon, besides preaching on every 
holiday. After he became a Non-conformist he was 
in the pulpit just as frequently. For above forty 
years he delivered three or four sermons a week, 
and when he was in prison he preached every day. 
While he was a clergyman of the National Church 
and a Conformist he knew of no case of conversion 
resulting from his labors, but when he set out 
without state support he had throngs of converts. 

He was convinced that many things in the Epis- 
copal Church were destitute of Scripture warrant, 
and he first resigned his parish, and then two or 
three years afterwai'ds his ministry and member- 
ship in the Anglican Church. This event occurred 
in 1636. That year he was arrested by order of 
"The High Commission Court," a tribunal second 



KNOLL YS 



664 



KNOLL YS 



only to the Inquisition in wickedness, but by the 
connivance of the man who had him in charge he 
escaped. He started for New England by way of 
London. There he had to wait so long for a vessel 
that his entire money was spent except six brass 
farthings. His wife, however, was able to give 
him five pounds. They were twelve weeks on their 
passage, and their provisions became nearly unfit 
for use. 

AVhen he arrived at Boston, which was in 1638, 
he was speedily and falsely denounced as an Anti- 
nomian, and though he met with some kindness he 
had to work with a hoe to secure his daily bread. 
He was there but a brief time when he had an op- 
portunity to go to Dover, then called Piscataway, 
in New Hampshire, and preach the gospel to the 




REV. IIANSERD KNOLLVS, A.M. 

people of that place. That he was a Baptist at 
this time we see no reason to doubt. Mr. Mather 
says in his "Ecclesiastical History of New Eng- 
land," "I confess there were some of those per- 
sons (more than a score of emigrant ministers that 
liad arrived in Massachusetts) whose names deserve 
to live in our book for their piety, although their 
particular opinions were such as to be disservice- 
able unto the declared and supposed interests of 
our churches. Of these there were some godly 
Ana?japtists ; as namely Mr. Hanserd Knollys, of 
Dover, who, afterwards removing back to London, 
lately died there, a good man, in a good old age." 
That Mr. Mather was acquainted with the religious 
opinions held by Hanserd Knollys when he was in 
Dover is evident to us. There was a bitter contro- 



versy between two sections of Mr. Knollys' church 
during his residence there, and his doctrines un- 
questionably were well known, and Mather speaks 
of him as an Anabaptist when he came. We wish 
no better testimony to the good character of Han- 
serd Knollys whilst in Dover, and to his Baptist 
principles, than Mather furnishes. Knollys prob- 
ably had a sort of union church there for a time, 
such as Backus had for a short period at Middle- 
borough. Mr. Lechford, an Episcopalian, visited 
Dover in April, 1641, and he describes a controversy 
existing between Mr. Knollys and a ministerial 
opponent there as being about baptism and church 
membership. " They two," says he, " fell out 
about baptizing children, receiving of members," 
etc. And Mr. Knollys' section of the Dover 
church evidently held Baptist sentiments. The 
Baptists taught by Knollys, to escape pei-secutioa 
from Massachusetts, to which Dover was recently 
united, removed, in 1641, to Long Island. After 
Long Island fell under the power of the English 
and of Episcopalianism they removed again, and 
located permanently in New Jersey, near New 
Brunswick, and they called their third American 
home Piscataway, after their first on this continent. 
The Piscataway church is to-day as vigorous a 
community as bears the Baptist name in any part 
of our broad country. 

Mr. Knollys was summoned to England by his 
aged father, and on his return immediately com- 
menced to preach in the churches. For this he was 
drawn into frequent troubles. At last he set up a 
separate meeting in Great St. Helen's, London, 
where the people thronged his house, and his con- 
gregations commonly numbered a thousand. For 
this innovation he was summoned before a com- 
mittee of " The Westminster Assembly of Divines," 
by whose chairman he was commanded to preach 
no more. But his ready reply was that " he would 
preach the gospel publicly, and from house to 
house." 

In 1645 he was formally ordained pastor of the 
Baptist church which he had gathered in London, 
This position he retained till his death. His pop- 
ularity as a preacher was very great, and it con- 
tinued till a late period of life. 

He was imprisoned frequently for breaking the 
laws against the worship of Dissenters. Even in 
his eighty-fourth year he was in jail six months, 
and just before his incarceration he refused to em- 
ploy his immense influence with the Baptists to 
secure their approval of the suspension of the 
penal laws by James II. 

He was a strong Calvinist, a devoted servant of 
God, a decided Baptist, a firm friend of every true 
Christian, and a man of great learning in the an- 
cient languages and in general literature. He was 
the author of eleven works, among which was a 



A'.YO IVLES 



KNOWLES 



grammar of the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew lan- 
guages. He was regarded, and he is still revered, 
as a shining liglit by the denomination whose 
name he honored and whose bounds he extended. 
He died in London, Sept. 19, 1691, in the ninety- 
third year of his age. 

Knowles, Prof. James Davis, was born in 
Providence, R. L, in July, 1798. His father having 
died when he was but twelve years old, he was left 
to the care of an affectionate mother, who lived to 
see the successful career of her son. He was placed 
when quite young in a printing-office in Provi- 
dence, which became to him an excellent school for 
the acquisition of knowledge. At the age of 
twenty-one he became the co-editor of one of the 
leading journals of Rhode Island. 

It was about this time that he made a public pro- 
fession of his faith under Rev. Dr. Gano's ministry, 
and he became a member of the First Baptist church 
in Providence, and soon after was licensed to preach 
the gospel. All the previous plans which he had 
formed with reference to his future life were aban- 
doned, and he resolved to give himself to the work 
of the ministry. To prepare for it he pursued a 
course of theological study with Dr. Stoughton, 
first in Philadelphia, and then in Washington when 
his teacher removed to that city to take charge of 
Columbian College. 

Along with his theological studies be was able to 
pursue a collegiate course with such success that at 
the end of two years he graduated with the highest 
honors of his class. He was at once appointed 
tutor in the college, which office he held until the 
summer of 1825, when he returned to New Eng- 
land, having received a call to become the pastor 
of the Second Baptist church in Boston, as the suc- 
cessor of the venerated Dr. Baldwin. He was or- 
dained Dec. 28, 1825. After a pastorate of seven 
years he felt compelled to resign his charge, and 
by a change of occupation relieve his overtaxed 
energies. Having been appointed Professor of 
Pastoral Duties and Sacred Rhetoric in the Newton 
Theological Institution, he retired from the church, 
between which and himself there was the warmest 
affection. He found renewed health in the position 
to which the providence of God had called him, and 
made his experience as a minister of Christ of the 
highest importance to him in his new field of labor. 
It was during his connection with the seminary 
that he conducted the Christian Review with an 
ability that placed it among the best quarterlies in 
the country. Prof. Knowles was the author of the 
biography of Mrs. Ann Hasseltine Judson, one of 
the most finished memoirs ever published in 
America. He was also author of a memoir of 
Roger Williams. 

The connection of Prof. Knowles with the New- 
ton Theological Institution terminated very sud- 
43 



denly. AVhile on a visit to New York he contracted 
the smallpox, and shortly after his return sunk 
under the attack and died May 9, 1838, being within 
a few weeks of forty years of age. His apparently 
premature decease was lamented by all who knew 
him. Prof. Knowles was a man of great energy 
and indomitable will. His life was one of dili- 
gence, and of quiet but persistent work. He was 
not to be led aside from the performance of his 
duties by the temptations of ease or by difficulties 
besetting his path. The denomination has cause 
for rejoicing in his devotedness to the service of 
Christ. 

Knowles, J. Sheridan, author of " Virginius" 

and other dramas of great literary excellence and 
celebrity, joined the Baptist church at Torquay, 
Devon, England, in 1847, when he was about sixty 
years of age. He had maintained a high moral char- 
acter throughout his literary career, but received 
no serious religious impressions until late in life. 
The semi-popery prevalent in the Established 
Church at Torquay, where he resided, disgusted 
him, and he resorted to the Baptist meeting-house, 
where, under the ministry of the late Rev. J. King, 
he found the joy of salvation. Soon after his iepn- 
version he went forth as an evangelist, and crowds, 
came together to hear him. Always a graceful elo-. 
cutionist, his reading of the Scriptures was very 
impressive. Until his death, which took place 
Nov. 30, 1862. he manifested the deepest interest 
in evangelical Christianity and a firm , attachment 
to Baptist principles. His eminent literary ser-; 
vices were recognized by the government, and a 
pension was awarded him, which, after his death,, 
was continued to his widow. 

Knowles, Deacon Levi, a merchant of Phila- 
delphia, was born in New Jersey in 1813. He early 
commenced business, and determined to pursue 
it with energy and industry. He began life with- 
out the advantage of capital, but resolved to use 
all the talent he possessed to succeed. He joined 
the church in his youth, adopting the Baptist 
faith, that had been handed down through two 
generations in his family. He gave some of his, 
best efforts to the Sunday-school cause and other 
objects of benevolence. He was unanimously 
elected a deacon in thfee different churches while 
he was in their membership. His services were 
sought for to take charge of tiie funds of various 
organizations, for twelve of which he is now treas- 
urer, and in none of which is any compensation 
given. His firm has maintained its credit through 
all the vicissitudes and panics of years. Mr. 
Knowles is familiar with the great writers of the 
past and present. He married wisely and was 
blessed with children, in whose society he spends 
many of his happiest hours. He is strong in his 
fi'iendships, liberal in his gifts, and one of the pil- 



KNOWLES 



KRISHNA PAL 



lars of the Baptist denomination in Philadelphia. 
Mrs. Knovvles, with rare wisdom and generous 
giving, has made the Baptist Home of Philadel- 
phia, of which she is president, one of the most 
successful institutions of its class on either side of 
the Atlantic. 

Knowles, William B., son of Deacon Levi and 
Mrs. E. A. Knowles, was born in Philadelphia, 
Feb. 20, 1848, and died Sept. 22, 1875, at the early 
age of twenty-seven years. Mr. Knowles was pos- 
sessed of fine natural abilities, and, in addition to a 
liberal education, he received a thorough ti'aining 
for mercantile pursuits, enabling him in early man- 
hood to occupy a prominent position in the busi- 
ness community of his native city. As a member 
of the firm of L. Knowles & Co., so widely and 
honorably known, he was brought into relations 
with merchants in all parts of the country, and 
gained by his deportment and honorable bearing a 
wide circle of friends. 

The Christian character of William B. Knowles 
was an exemplification of the great beauty and 
usefulness that the Lord often causes to be mani- 
fested in a life devoted from tender years to his 
service. Very early he gave clear evidence of a 
change of heart, and at the age of twelve he spoke 
of his love for Jesus to the Tabernacle church of 
Philadelphia, and on the last Lord's Day in Feb- 
ruary, 1860, he was " buried with Christ in bap- 
tism.'' 

From this date until his triumphant death his 
life was one of faith manifested by works. Clerk 
of Beth-Eden church from its organization, active 
in the Sunday-school, young people's association, 
and in the prayer-meetings of the church, he was 
always solicitous for the spiritual interests of Zion. 
In his daily life he commended to others the re- 
ligion of the Lord Jesus by maintaining a high 
Christian reputation. In his early bloom, just as 
the promise of his youth began to be fulfilled, he 
passed away, and, to use his last faint words, he 
was " Safe, safe in the arms of Jesus." 

His loss was severely felt, and the most tender 
sympathy was expressed for his parents and loving 
wife by the Commercial Exchange of Philadel- 
phia, merchants in this and other cities, and by 
ministers and hosts of brethren in the Christian 
faith. 

Knowlton, Miles Justin, D.D., was bom in 

West Wardsborough, Vt., Feb. 8, 1825. Both his 
pai'ents were persons of more than ordinary excel- 
lence of character, and took the deepest interest in 
the early development of their son. He prepared 
for college at AYest Townsend, and completed both 
his collegiate and his theological course at Hamil- 
ton. Near the close of his college course he seems 
to have had a fresh baptism of the Holy Ghost, 
which was followed by a new and tliorough conse- 



cration of himself to any work which his Lord had 
for him to do. A missionary life, either at home 
or abroad, appeared to him to be that to which he 
regarded it both as a privilege and a duty to devote 
himself. At length his mind settled upon the 
foreign field, and he offered himself to the Mis- 
sionary Union and was accepted, and China was 
designated as the field of his labor. He was or- 
dained in his native town Oct. 8, 1853, and soon 
after sailed for China, arriving at Ningpo in June, 
1854, which henceforth was to be his home, and 
where he was to labor as a servant of the Lord 
Jesus Christ. There he continued for a little more 
than twenty years, deducting two years for his 
temporary sojourn in this country, whither he had 
come to recover his shattered health. AVith single- 
ness of aim and the utmost persistency he gave 
himself to the one great business of preaching 
"the glorious gospel of the blessed God'' to the 
Chinese. In season and out of season he deter- 
mined to know only one thing among the heathen, 
and that was the gospel of Christ. He was full 
of energy and moral heroism, and he knew how to 
kindle the enthusiasm in the souls of others which 
he felt in his own. 

Dr. Knowlton, in Ningpo, did not spare himself 
if he might but win souls to Christ. At the post 
of labor he was found when death came to him, on 
the 10th of September, 1874. It is thus that the 
executive board speak of him in their sixty-first 
annual report: "With what earnestness, what 
zeal, what love for Christ and the souls of men, 
what devotion to the special evangelization of the 
great empire of China, and with what success in 
his personal work as a missionary of the cross, 
our lamented Brother Knowlton gave himself to 
his life-work for twenty years, is partially and im- 
perfectly recorded in the history of your work in 
China, but it is all registered in completeness in 
the book above. He died in the city of Ningpo, 
on the lOth of September last, in the very midst of 
his usefulness. China mourns." 

Knox, B.ev. George, was born in Saco, Me., 
Oct. 24, 1816, and fitted for college at the academy 
in Yarmouth, Me. He graduated at Waterville 
College, in the class of 1840. Having spent a year 
at the Newton Theological Institution, he was or- 
dained as pastor of the Baptist church in Topsham, 
Me., where he remained for four years, when he 
removed to Cornish, where he was pastor two years, 
and then to Lewiston, where his relation witli the 
Baptist church in that city continued for thirteen 
years. He had two brief pastorates after leaving 
Lewiston, one at Brunswick, and the other at Law- 
rence, Mass. AVhile acting as chaplain of the 3d 
Me. Regiment in the late war he died, in Virginia, 
Oct. 31, 1864. 

Krishna Pal was the first Hindoo led into the 



KRISHNA PAL 



LAILEY 



baptismal waters by Dr. Carey ; he had courage and 
faith to stand alone in renouncing the abomina- 
tions of his countrymen in the presence of his 
kindred. He was born about 1764, at Chanderna- 
gore, Bengal. 

Krishna was by trade a carpenter ; and in 
listening to a discourse on the folly of idolatry and 
the great truths of Cliristianity, he became deeply 
affected and shed tears. He visited the mission- 
aries soDn after for religious instruction, and re- 
ceived with great eagerness the truths which they 
communicated. Soon he felt that he had put his 
trust in Jesus, and that he was a Christian. He 
then requested baptism, and laid aside openly his 
allegiance to idolatry. He sat down at the table 
of the missionaries in presence of their Hindoo 
servants, and by tliis act renounced caste. The 
news spi-ead rapidly, and soon Krislina was be- 
sieged by a mob of 2000 persons, who poured out 
torrents of maledictions upon him, and then dragged 
him to the magistrate, who immediately released 
him and commended him for the piety of his course, 
and comm.anded the mob to disperse. The magis- 
trate placed a Sepoy at Krishna's house to guard 
him, and offered armed protection to the mission- 
aries during the celebration of the rite of baptism. 
The immersion occurred in the Ganges, on the 28th 
of December, 1800. Mr. Carey walked to the river 
from the chapel with his eldest son, Felix, on one 
side, and Krishna on the other. At the landing 
there were gathered the governor and a number of 
Europeans, and a great throng of Hindoos and 
Mohammedans. Mr. Ward preached a sermon in 
English from John v. 39, " Search the Scriptures." 
Dr. Carey delivered an address in Bengali after 
a Bengali translation of the hymn was sung,— 

" Jesus, and shall it ever be, 
A mortal iiau ashamed of thee?" 



Then he baptized Felix Carey and Krishna amid 
profound silence and deep solemnity. Krishna 
was the first baptized convert after seven years of 
labor. Krishna the same day partook of the Lord's 
Supper, and he enjoyed an unusual measure of the 
love of God as he waited upon Him in both ordi- 
nances. For more than twenty years Krishna Pal 
preached the blessed gospel to his countrymen with 
great success and ability. He led a holy life and he 
possessed a strong faith, and when he came to the end 
of his earthly journey his heart was full of peace, 
and of the light of a bright hope of immediate en- 
trance into heaven. A European who was present 
at his dying couch says, " I myself witnessed the 
last moments of Krishna, and heard his aged and 
quivering lips speak of the preciousness of Christ." 
Krishna composed the beautiful hymn from which 
the following stanzas are taken : 

" thou my soul, forget no more 
The Friend who all thy misery bore; 
Let every idol be forgot, 
But, my soul, forget Him uot. 

" Jesus for thee a body takes ; 
Thy guilt assumes, thy fetters breaks, 
Discharging all thy dreadful debt ; 
And canst thou e'er such love forget?" 

Kutchin, Rev. T. T., was bom in Philadelphia, 
Pa., Nov. 5, 1815, died at Dartmouth, Wis., Aug. 7, 
1877. He entered the ministry at New Britain, 
Pa., at the age of twenty-one, and at once became 
popular as a preacher. He came to Wisconsin in 
1855. For many years he was the editor of the 
Milwaukee Sentinel, and subsequently of the Fan 
du Lac Commonwealth. He was distinguished for 
remarkable intellectual power united with great 
kindness of heart. His two sons are esteemed 
ministers of the gospel, occupying important pul- 
pits in the State, 



L. 



La Grange College was chartered in 1859, and 
a commodious brick building was erected, 90 by 70 
feet, which was finished in 1866. It had superior 
chemical and philosophical apparatus when J. F. 
Cciok, LL.D., became president. Both sexes are 
admitted to this institution. In the fourteen years 
of his presidency there have been more than 
two thousand matriculations, and among the num- 
ber about sixty students for the ministry. Nearly 
$15,000 have been raised for improvements and 
for the removal of debts during the administration 



of Dr. Cook. One hundred and fifty children of 
ministers have been gratuitously educated in La 
Grange. Dr. Sawyer is now vice-president of the 
institution. It has eleven able instructors, who 
render excellent service, as the character of their 
graduates testifies. This college is beautifully lo- 
cated on the bluffs of the Mississippi, one hundred 
and thirty-seven miles north of St. Louis. (See 
page 668.) 

Lailey, Thomas, was bom Aug. 29, 1820, in 
the parish of Poplar, London, England. When 



LAIN 



G68 



LAMAR 



quite young he came with his parents to Canada. 
lie owns the largest wholesale house in his business 
in the province of Ontario. He united, by baptism, 
with the Bond Street church, Toronto, in 1849. In 
1867 he, with several others, left this old mother- 
church to form a new interest on Alexander Street. 
The cost of the neat and comfortable edifice which 
they at once proceeded to erect was chiefly borne by 
him ; and ,he has been from the first by far the 
largest contributor toward the current expenses 
of the church. The ei-ection of the College Street 
and Lewis Street church edifices was also mainly 
due to his enterprise and liberality, and he is now 
(1881) promoting a scheme of church extension in 
the western part of the city. He has purchased an 
eligible site, on which a mission chapel is to be 
commenced immediately. He was president of the 
Home Mission Convention of Ontario in 1868-69. 



tions, which he has filled with great ability and 
fidelity. 

For forty years Mr. Lain has been a member of 
the Baptist church in Waukesha. He is known as 
a man of great purity of character, and of blame- 
less Christian life. Until the failure of his health, 
which occurred a few years ago, he was very efii- 
cient and active in promoting the Baptist cause in 
his city, and in strengthening the denomination in 
the State. 

Lake, Rev. J. B., was born in Fauquier Co.,. 
Va., May 4, 1837 ; attended school in Alexandria,, 
Va., where he received a thorough training at the 
hands of the well-known Benjamin Hallowell, and 
afterwards studied at the University of Virginia, 
where he. was graduated from several of its schools.. 
While still at the university he was elected to a. 
professorship in Edgeworth Female College, Greens- 




..V GRANGE COLLEGE. 



Lain, Hon. Isaac, of Waukesha, was born in 
Orange Co., N. Y., Dec. 18, 1820. His ancestors 
were from England, and settled at an early day on 
Long Island, N. Y. Isaac Lain's father was a 
farmer, and to this calling the son devoted him- 
self until 1833. He then learned the business of 
architect and builder. In June, 1842, he settled 
in Waukesha, Wis., where he still resides. Hei-e 
he engaged extensively for many years in his new 
business. In 1852 he established a real estate and 
insurance agency, and in 1860 he took an active part 
in founding the Waukesha County Manufacturing 
Company, of which he is now a heavy stockholder 
and secretary. In 1861, at the outbreak of the 
civil war, Mr. Lain was a member of the State 
Legislature, and took an active part in the meas- 
ures which placed Wisconsin in the front rank of 
States for the promptness and efficiency with which 
her regiments were raised and sent to the front. 

Mr. Lain has held many local and county posi- 



borough, N. C. Subsequently, Mr. Lake held a 
professorship in Chesapeake Female College, Va., 
four years, and then had charge of the Ro.anoke 
Female College, at Danville, Va., nine years. In 
1872 he left Danville to become pastor of the church 
in Upperville, Va., where he still remains as a 
most successful preacher and pastor. His mind is 
vigorous and logical, and his sermons are filled 
with cardinal doctrinal truths and enriched by apt 
and numerous historical illustrations. 

Lake, Rev. P. W., came to Wisconsin in 1839, 
and settled in Walworth County, and performed 
much foundation work in the early history of the 
State. He was an interesting pi-eacher. Earnest- 
ness and spirituality were distinguished charac- 
teristics in his ministry. He died many years ago, 
but his name and labors are held in remembrance 
in many of the churches of Walworth County. 

Lamar, Rev. A. W., editor of the Baptist 
Courier, was born at Leavenworth Mills, S. C, 



LAMB 



LANDRUM 



March 30, 1847. Jlis father was Col. Thomas G. 
Lamar, who distinguished himself in the late war 
as commander at the battle of Secession ville, near 
Charleston, in June, 1862, and who died soon after. 
In honor of his memory the State Legislature sent 
the subject of this sketch to the State Military 
School to be educated. Being strongly impressed 
that it was his duty to preach, he sold a tract of 
land — obtained from his father's estate — to procure 
means lor educating himself. Entering first Fur- 
man University, and then the theological seminary 
at Greenville, he afterwards accepted a call of the 
Mount Zion church in Newberry County, where he 
was ordained Jan. 15, 1871, at the age of twenty- 
four. At the meeting of the State Convention in 
November, 1871, he was elected its general agent. 
In November, 1873, the State Convention mani- 
fested its appreciation of his ability and success 
by electing him both corresponding secretary and 
general agent, charging him with all the work 
of the body during its recess. He was converted 
when at the military school, and began at once to 
work for Jesus among the cadets, praying with 
and for them, holding prayer-meetings, and read- 
ing Spurgeon's sermons to them. At first he met 
with much opposition, was treated with every in- 
dignity, but in the end those who led in these 
things asked him to pray for them. He has met 
with extraordinary success in the work assigned 
liim, being imbued with zeal, perseverance, and 
earnestness, and blessed with great tact and good 
judgment. He is a young man, self-reliant and 
with good judgment, who takes hold of his work 
and does it like a veteran, having the confidence 
and esteem of all. His present field of labor is 
Camden. 

Lamb, Rev. Amherst, was bom in Phillipston, 
Mass., July 28, 1796, and spent his childhood and 
youth in Guilford, Vt. Soon after making a pub- 
lic profession of faith he commenced to preach, but, 
feeling the necessity of a better preparation for bis 
work, he placed himself under the tuition of Rev. 
Dr. Young, then of Worcester, Mass. He was or- 
dained in December, 1821, as pastor of the church 
at Guilford, Vt., and remained there for six years, 
when he became pastor of the church in Whiting- 
liam, September, 1827, and continued there until 
1836. He then went to Charlemont, Mass., and 
preached there for nine j'ears, having charge of 
the church in Buckland during a part of this 
period, — for half the time. Recalled to the church 
in Whitinghani in 1845, he gave it twelve years of 
additional service, after which he supplied churches 
in his neighborhood, where his labors were much 
blessed. lie died at Whitinghani, May 29, 1870. 
His record was one of a high character wherever 
he was known. 

Lamson, William, D.D., was born in Danvers, 



Mass., Feb. 22, 1812. He prepared for college at 
the academy in South Reading (now Wakefield), 
Mass., and graduated at Waterville College in the 
class of 1835. After his graduation he served as 
tutor for one year. In the autumn of 1837 he was 
ordained as pastor of the church in Gloucester, 
Mass. Wishing to pursue a more extended course 
of theological study, he entered the Newton Theo- 
logical Institution in 1839, and remained until 
1841, when he was settled as pastor of the church 
at Thomaston, Me. He returned to Gloucester, 
where he continued until called to Portsmouth, 
N. H., in 1848. He was pastor of the church in 
Portsmouth for eleven years. The church in 
Brookline, Mass., called him in 1859, and he was 
their pastor until 1875, when failing health obliged 
him to give up his ministerial work. Since hi.s 
resignation he has lived chiefly in Salem and 
Gloucester, Mass. 

Dr. Lamson has been one of the most useful and 
acceptable ministers in the denomination. By his 
pen, as well as his voice, he has made his talents 
subservient to promote the interests of truth. 

Lancaster, Rev. William, was bom in Warren 
Co., N. C, in 1753 ; was baptized by Rev. Wm. 
Walker ; was the founder of the churches at Maple 
Spring and Poplar Spring, Franklin Co., about 
1793; was a member of the State Convention, of 
the conventiiin to ratify the Federal Constitution, 
and for many years chairman of the Court of Pleas 
and Quarter Sessions of Franklin County. He 
closed his long and useful life Sept. 16, 1826. 

Landrum, Rev, John G,, was born in Tennessee 
in 1810. At eighteen he removed to Union Co., 
S. C, and the next year began to preach. His 
slender form made him look much younger than he 
was, and for some years he was called the boy 
preacher. He became pastor of the Mount Zion 
and Bethlehem churches, in Spartanburg County, 
in 1830, and still serves them. He has had charge 
of the New Prospect church since 1835. The Bap- 
tist church at Spartanburg Court-house was organ- 
ized under his ministry, where he preached for 
twenty-five years. 

He has baptized about 5000 persons in fifty years. 
He exercises a very extensive influence in Spartan- 
burg and the surrounding counties. Perhaps he 
could not say that his " natural force is not abated," 
but his labors are as abundant as ever. 

Landrum, Sylvanus, D.D., pastor of the Bap- 
tist church at Savannah, Ga., has exerted a strong 
influence among the Baptists of Georgia. For 
many years he has been on the board of trustees of 
Mercer University, and for a long time acted as 
secretary of the board, and, besides, he has served 
the denomination in various positions with much 
success. He is a courteous gentleman, with a sound 
judgment, sincei-e piety, and intellectual ability. 



LANDRUM 



670 



LANE 



He is an eloquent speaker. His congregations love 
and respect him. He was born in Oglethorpe Co., 
Ga., Oct. 3, 1820; his parents came from Virginia. 
He was educated at Mason Academy, Lexington, 
Ga., and at Mercer University. Ordained Oct. 23, 
1846, he became, in January, 1847, pastor of the 
Baptist churches at Lexington and Athens, Ga. 




SYl.VANUS LANDRUM, D.D. 

In December, 1849, he became pastor of the Ma- 
con (Ga.) Baptist church, where he served ten 
years, being instrumental there in the erection of 
a handsome and costly Gothic church edifice. In 
December, 1859, he accepted a call to Savannah, 
Ga., and there he remained twelve years, building 
up and uniting the Baptist cause in the city. He 
was there during the war, and never lost a single 
service on account of hostilities, — his was the only 
white Baptist church on the coast line from Balti- 
more to Texas which did not close at all during 
the conflict. He preached on one Sabbath to Con- 
federate and the next Sabbath to Federal soldiers, 
at the time of the city's capture. 

In 1871 he removed to Memphis, and became 
pastor of the Central Baptist church, remaining 
until after the severe yellow-fever scourge of 1878, 
during which he lost two sons, both prominent and 
talented young men. In 1879 he returned to 
Georgia, and again took charge of the Savannah 
church, where he is doing an admirable work. 

Two colleges in one year conferred on him the 
Doctorate in Divinity, — Georgetown, Ky., Dr. 
Crawford president, and Columbian College, AVash- 
ington. Dr. Samson president. 



He IS a man of national views, whose heart is in 
the pastorate, and whose chief aim is the advance- 
ment of Christ's kingdom on earth. His sermons 
are always good and never disappointing. To 
great administrative ability he unites i-emarkable 
excellence of judgment and a good knowledge of 
men and human nature. He is a wise and safe 
counselor, and makes his influence for good felt 
in the assemblies of his denominational brethren. 

Landrum, Rev. William Warren, son of Dr. 
Sylvanus and Eliza Jane (Warren) Landrum, was 
born in Macon, Ga.j Jan. 18, 18.53. He was con- 
verted at the age of ten, and baptized in his four- 
teenth year. His early education was received at 
Chatham Academy, Savannah. He entered Mer- 
cer University, but subsequently went to Brown 
University, where he was graduated with distinc- 
tion in 1872. He then became a student in the 
Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, at Green- 
ville, S. C, from which he graduated in 1874, in 
nine of the thirteen schools in the institution. 

At the call of the Central church of Memphis, he 
was ordained in May, 1874. His first pastorate 
was at Shreveport, La., where he labored with 
success for two years. He then accepted a call 
from the First Baptist church in Augusta, Ga., and 
removed to his native State in February, 1876. Of 
that church he is still the pastor. He was married 
Sept. 21, 1875, to Miss Ida Louise Dunster, a de- 
scendant of Henry Dunster, first president of Har- 
vard University. 

Mr. Landrum is a good preacher and pastor, and 
a man of more than ordinary abilities. He hates 
controversy, has great faith in the power of gospel 
preaching and the efficacy of a cheerful, loving 
piety, and his highest ambition is to be a conse- 
crated and successful minister of Jesus Christ. 

Lane, Rev. Button, vras born Nov. 12, 1732, 
near Baltimore, Md. He was baptized by Shubael 
Sterns in 1758, and ordained to the ministry in 
October, 1764. He had a vigorous constitution, a 
powerful voice, and a heart on fire with the love 
of Jesus, and he was greatly blessed by his Master. 
In the Dare River church, Va., of which he was 
pastor, and for many miles around, the fruits of his 
ministry were visible to the whole community. His 
father, impelled by hatred to his religious fervor, 
tried to kill him, but " he himself was slain by the 
sword of the Spirit, from which he soon after re- 
vived with the hope of eternal life," and was bap- 
tized by his son. 

Mr. Lane continued in the ministry till death, 
but the latter part of his life was marred by coi ■ 
tain strange opinions which he adopted. 

Lane, Rev. Thomas JeiFerson, one of Tennes- 
see's veteran Baptist ministers, was born in Jeffer- 
son (now Hamilton) Co., East Tenn., Oct. 9, 1804; 
son of Aquila and Agnes Lane, and grandson of 



LANKERSHIM 



671 



LASHER 



Elder Lane, one of the first Baptist ministers that 
settled in East Tennessee, in 1785. 

Mr. Lane professed religion in 1834, and was 
baptized by Andrew Cofirman, and regularly set 
apart to the ministry on the second Saturday in 
October, 1839, by the Bent Creek Baptist church. 
Elders Joseph Manning and Hugh Woodson acting 
as the Presbytery. From that time Mr. Lane has 
been doing effective service for the Master in the 
same section of country. Eternity alone will re- 
veal the good he has accomplished for the cause of 
Christ and the salvation of sinners. 

Lankershim, Deacon Isaac, is the Baptist 

benefactor of California. He is of Jewisli birth ; 
was converted to Christianity, baptized in Mis- 
souri, and removed with his wife, a converted Jew- 
ess, to California at an early day ; joined the First 
Baptist church ; was one of its deacons ; became a 
constituent member of the Tabernacle church in 
1865, and is still a member, the church having 
changed its name to Metropolitan in 1875. He is 
a large benefixctor of Baptist institutions; purchased 
lots for the Second, Fifth, and Tabernacle churches; 
was a chief contributor to the building of the Tab- 
ernacle, and in 1875 provided the money, nearly 
$200,000, for the Metropolitan church lots and 
building. In 1874 he gave the second large sub- 
scription for California College, nearly $13,000. 
Always successful in business operations, careful, 
prudent, and conscientious, quiet and unassuming 
in manner, he is everywhere loved and honored. 
He has large city properties and immense farms in 
the country. His home is at Los Angeles. Though 
a converted Jew, — "an Israelite in whom there is 
no guile," — giving quietly from principle, and not 
from impulse, he has never lost the respect of his 
Jewish kindred, with whom he is associated in 
many business enterprises. Deacon Lankershim 
is for California what the Crozers, Colgates, and 
Colbys are for the Atlantic States. 

La Rue, Rev. Alexander Warren, whose an- 
cestors were French and Irish, and firm Presby- 
terians, was born in La Rue Co., Ky., Jan. 23, 1819. 
He united with Severn's Valley church while at- 
tending an academy at Elizabethtown in 1837 ; was 
licensed to pi-each in November, 1838. In 1839 he 
entered Georgetown College, graduating in 1842. 
During the latter year he was ordained for the pas- 
torate of Flemingsburg church. This church was 
in the Bracken Association, among the churches of 
which Mr. La Rue held many protracted meetings 
with encouraging success. In 1849 he removed to 
Louisville and became associate editor of the Bap- 
tist Banner, a weekly religious paper, since called 
the Western Recorder. While in this position he 
preached a short time to Bank Street Baptist church 
in New Albany, and afterwards to East Baptist 
church in Louisville. Having resigned his edi- 



torial office, he accepted the pastorate of the church 
at Harrodsburg in 1853, where he remained three 
years, and then accepted a call to the church at 
Georgetown. Subsequently he was pastor of the 
church at Stanford, and finally at Salem, in Chris- 
tian County. At the latter place he died, Sept. 11, 
1864, after a life of singular consecration, devotion, 
and fruitfulness. His biography was written and 
published under the appropriate title of " La Rue's 
Ministry of Faith," by Rev. A. C. Graves, D.D. 

Lasher, George William, D.D., was born in 
Schenectady Co., N. Y., June 24, 1831. His father 




GEORGE WILLIAM LASHER, D.D. 

was a farmer of Holland ancestry, and his mother 
traced her descent from a member of the "Boston 
Tea Party." He was converted at Hamilton, in 
1853, while attending the academy, and in the same 
year entered Madison University, graduating in 
1857. In 1859 he graduated from Hamilton Theo- 
logical Seminary, and at once entered upon the 
pastorate of the Baptist church of Norwalk, Conn., 
where, on September 30, he was ordained. In 
1860 he married Miss Lizzie C, daughter of Dr. G. 
W. Eaton, president of Madison University. In 
July, 1861, he became chaplain of the 5th Conn. 
Regiment, and served for six months on the upper 
Potomac, when he became pastor of the Baptist 
church at Newburg, N. Y. From 1864 to 1868 he 
was pastor of the Portland Street church, Haver- 
hill, Mass., from 1868 to 1872 of the First church 
of Trenton, N. J., and from 1872 to 1875 was cor- 
responding secretary of the New York Baptist Ed- 
ucation Society. In 1875 he made a tour of Europe, 



LATHE OP 



672 



LAW 



Egypt, and Palestine, and in August, 1876, became 
editor and proprietor of the Jowiial and Messenger, 
at Cincinnati, 0. In 1874 he received the degree 
of D.D. from Madison University. Dr. Lasher has 
a commanding presence, and is a vigorous and suc- 
cessful preacher and editor. The Jounial and Mes- 
senger under his management has a vcide influence 
in the Central West. 

Lathrop, Edward, D.D., son of Burel Lathrop, 
who early removed from Norwich, Conn., to Georgia, 




EDW \KD L'VI llROr, I) I) 

was born in Savannah, Ga., March 14, 1814 ; bap- 
tized by Rev. H. 0. Myer into the Savannah Bap- 
tist church in June, 1827 ; commenced study for 
'the ministry at Fui-man Institution, S. C, in 1832 ; 
on the closing of that institution went to Hamilton, 
'N. Y., and graduated in what is now Madison Uni- 
versity in 1840; pursued a course of theological 
study at Hamilton ; was called as assistant of Rev. 
Richard Fuller, D.D., at Beaufort, S. C. ; in 1844 
settled as pastor of the Tabernacle Baptist church 
in New York City, and labored with distinguished 
success for twenty-two years, until health failed; 
granted a long furlough by the church, ])ut finally 
resigned; in 1866 became pastor of the Baptist 
church in Stamford, Conn., where he still labors 
with great honor ; i-eceived the honorary- degree of 
Doctor of Divinity from Rochester University; has 
been a trustee from the beginning of Vassar College, 
N. Y., and is now president of the board of trustees ; 
is also president of the board of trustees of Con- 
necticut Literary Institution ; is one of the trustees 
of Madison University ; engaged in all benevolent 



objects ; a strong preacher and able counselor ; 
he has published several sermons by request. 

Lattimore, Rev. Samuel S., was born in R-uth- 

erford Co., N. C, March 9, 1811: removed with 
his father while yet a child to Jennings, Ind. At 
fourteen years of age became a member of the 
literarj' institution at South Hanover, Ind. Sup- 
porting himself by his own exertions, he remained 
at this institution for nine years, until he completed 
his course, in July, 1833, During this period he 
became a member of the Presbyterian church, and 
remained in this connection for six or seven years. 
Leaving college soon thereafter, he went to Vicks- 
burg, Miss., thence to Clinton, and shortly after- 
wards taught in the school at Society Ridge. In 
1834 he joined the Baptist church. In 1835 he 
Avas ordained to the gospel ministry, and became 
general agent for the Mississippi Baptist State Con- 
vention. In December, 1837, lie settled at Middle- 
ton, Carroll Co., Miss., where he engaged in preach- 
ing, and in teaching a school under Baptist auspices 
until 1840, when he removed to Sumter Co., Ala., 
where he preached to Providence and other 
churches. In 1845 he was again general agent of 
the Mississippi Baptist State Convention. In 1847 
he was called to the pastorate of Macon church, 
Noxubee Co., Miss. Remaining there one year, 
he accepted a very urgent call from the Aberdeen 
church, with an understanding that he should re- 
turn to Macon after the lapse of a year. Accord- 
ingly he returned to Macon, and remained till he 
again accepted an invitation to take charge of the 
Aberdeen church. In this relation he continued 
until liis death. From 1849 to 1854 he w.as presi- 
dent of the Mississippi Baptist State Convention. 
He had various controversies on the principles and 
practices of the Baptists, and endured no little 
persecution. He was a man of marked ability, 
of warm and generous aifections, eloquent as a 
preacher, able as a controversial writer, and emi- 
nently successful as a minister of the gospel. 

Law, Rev. Francis Marion, was born in Sum- 
ter District, S. C, May 15, 1828 ; was educated for 
a physician, and received his diploma from the 
Medical College of Georgia, at Augusta; practised 
medicine at AVetutnpka and Selma, Ala. ; ordained 
in 1855 ; for five years financial secretary of Ala- 
bama Baptist Bible and Colportage Society ; one 
year missionary and surgeon on the Bethel ship 
"Mobile Bay," under auspices of American Sea- 
men's Friend Society ; removed to Texas in No- 
vember, 1859; pastor of Chapel Hill, Bellville, 
Brenham, Plantersville, and Bryan churches from 
1860 to 1876 ; is a man of vigorous intellect and 
indomitable energy ; now engaged in raising 
$250,000 for Texas Educational Commission. 

Law, Rev. Josiah S., son of Samuel S. Law, 
was born in Saulsbury, Ga., Feb. 5, 1808. He re- 



LAW 



673 



LAWLER 



a classical education, and succeeded Rev. 
James Shannon as a teacher in Liberty County, 
when Mr. Shannon was called to Augusta, in 1827. 
It was while teaching at Sunbury that he was con- 
verted and joined the Baptist church there. He 
then took a three years' theological course at New- 
ton Theological Seminary. In 1831 he entered 
upon his ministerial duties at Sunbury, and for 
twenty years served that church and neighborhood 
with great usefulness, except during two short in- 
tervals when he accepted calls to Macon and Sa- 
vannah. 

The colored people received great benefit from 
his preaching, among whom he was very success- 
ful. He died on the 5th of October, 1853. At 
that time sixty colored candidates were awaiting 
baptism at his hands. 

Law, Rev. Samuel Spry, was born in Liberty 
County in 1774. He moved in the best society all 
his life, his family and connections being culti- 
vated and wealthy. For forty years he lived a 
worldly-minded man and a moralist, but was con- 
verted in his forty-first year, and joined the Sun- 
bury Baptist church on the 30th of April, 1815. 
He was ordained to the ministry Dec. 27, 1827, at 
the age of fifty-three. After laboring on the coast 
for some time, he was called to succeed Dr. C. 0. 
Screven, at Sunbury. This connection continued 
for a year or so only, and he devoted his whole 
time to the colored people, and to the poor white 
churches of Liberty County. This work he con- 
tinued with great usefulness for six or seven years, 
when his health began to fail gradually, and he ex- 
pired on the 4th of February, 1837. 

He was a man of great fervor and spirituality ; 
prepared his sermons carefully, and became a good 
preacher. He was well acquainted with the Scrip- 
tures, and was much gifted in prayer. Few ever 
made more progress in piety and in the knowledge 
of our Lord Jesus Christ than he. 

Lawler, Rev. B. F., was born in AVest Tennes- 
see, Jan. 1, 1834; baptized in 1858; ordained in 
1860; laboi-ed a number of years at Windsor, Mo. 
He is at the present time pastor of the Salem and 
Prairie Union Baptist churches. Neb. In con- 
nection with his ministerial labors, Mr. Lawler, 
while in Missouri, devoted a part of his time to 
teaching. In 1880 he published a volume of ser- 
mons, addresses, and letters. 

Lawler, Judge Jacob, was born in North Caro- 
lina in 1796 ; while a youth his fatlier removed to 
Tennessee, and the son subsequently located in 
North Alabama, and about the year 1820 settled in 
Shell)y County. He held various offices of trust: 
judge of the county court, member of the House of 
Representatives of the State Legislature from 1826 
to 1831, and was then elected to the State Seriate ; re- 
signed that position to accept that of receiver of 



public moneys for one of the land districts of the 
State, tendered him by President Andrew Jackson ; 
held that office at Mardisville, in Talladega County, 
where it was located, until he was elected to Con- 
gress in 1835 ; was re-elected to Congress in 1837, 
and died on the 8th of May, 1838, in the city of 
Washington, while Congress was in session, and his 
lemains now rest in that city. He was in office 
continuously from 1822 to 1838, never having suf- 
fered defeat or reproach. 

In 1826, Jacob Lawler united with the Baptist 
church, and in a short time was ordained to the 
ministry. From the time of his ordination to his 
election to Congress he filled the office of pastor. 
The Talladega (now Alpine) and the Talladega 
town churches were originated by his ministry, and 
he was their pastor. It was characteristic of Mr. 
Lawler not to allow his secular duties to interfere 
with his religious obligations when it could be 
avoided. 

Lawler, Gen. Levi W., was born in Madison 
Co., Ala., in 1816 ; with his parents, settled in 




GEN. LEVI W. LAWLEK. 

Talladega County in early life; united with the 
Talladega church, of which his father was pastor, 
in 1835. After Judge Lawler resigned the office 
of receiver of public moneys at Mardisville he was 
succeeded by his son Levi, under appointment of 
President Jackson, and, though only nineteen years 
of age, he easily obtained the required bond of 
1100,000. After four years he was suspended on 
account of his opposition to the administration of 
President Van Buren, but was restored to the po- 



LA WRENCE 



674 



LA WSON 



sition by President Tyler in 1841, and held ib for 
another term of four years. In 1848 he located in 
Mobile, and engaged in the commission business, 
which he has not yet relinquished. In 1861 his 
friends elected him to the Legislature without con- 
sulting him ; was returned in 1863 ; was a member 
of that body during the whole period of the civil 
war, and he was three years chairman of the com- 
mittee on ways and means. In 1874, Gen. Lawler 
was appointed by Gov. Houston one of the State 
commissioners to adjust and liquidate its burden- 
some debt. He drafted the plan of settlement, and 
performed the principal labor in its execution among 
creditors of the State,^a work which brought great 
relief to the people of Alabama. For many years 
he has been one of the trustees of Howard College, 
and of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of 
the State. He has been and is still a man of hand- 
some fortune, of great energy, industry, and finan- 
cial skill ; liberal to objects of benevolence and 
to public enterprises. It is conceded that the 
gubernatorial honors of Alabama have been within 
his reach for years, but he has declined them. His 
vast influence affects for good all the higher rela- 
tions of life, political and civil, social and educa- 
tional, financial and denominational, in the State. 
He maintains the constant confidence of all grades 
of society. When a master he was famous for his 
tenderness to his slaves, and now that they are 
free he has their uniform confidence and highest 
regai'd. He has no superior in Alabama. 

Lawrence, William Mangam, D.D., was born 
in Washington, D. C, May 11, 1848 ; was converted 
in eai'ly youth, and entered college at Amherst, 
Mass. ; graduated from Madison University and 
Hamilton Theological Seminary ; settled with the 
church at Amsterdam, N. Y., where he was or- 
dained in August, 1871. The following year he 
received an urgent call from the Spring Garden 
church in Pliiladelphia, which he accepted, and en- 
tered upon his labors in October, 1872. It was an 
important period in the histoi'y of the church. A 
large colony had just gone out to form the Geth- 
semane church in a new and rapidly-growing 
neighborhood. A pastor was needed with power 
to hold and strengthen " the things Avhich re- 
mained," and in this work he has, under God, been 
eminently successful. 

Mr. Lawrence throws the vigor of his early man- 
hood into all that he says and does. His sermons 
and occasional contributions to religious journals 
give evidence of an observing and thoughtful 
mind. His systematic methods enable him to ac- 
complish a vast amount of pastoral work, and to 
render valuable service to other denominational 
interests with which he has become connected. 
His powerful intellect, scholarly attainments, and 
Christian spirit make him a power in the commu- 



nity. In 1880 he became pastor of the Second Bap- 
tist church of Chicago. 




WILLIAM MANGAM LAWRENCE, D.D. 

Laws, Rev. M. L., was born in Virginia, Aug. 
21, 1842. He made a profession of religion when 
eighteen years of age, and was baptized by Rev. J. 
S. Kennard in the E Street Baptist church, Wash- 
ington, D. C, in November, 1859. He was or- 
dained in 1871 at the Rehoboth Baptist church in 
Saline Co., Mo. Brother Laws has been pastor at 
Glasgow and Booneville, and of the Park Avenue 
church in St. Louis. He is now secretary of the 
Missouri Baptist Sunday-School Convention, and 
he is rendering efficient service in this position. 
He is a man of ability, industry, and usefulness. 

Lawson, Rev. Albert G., was born in Pough- 

keepsie, N. Y., Jan. 5, 1842. In 1858 he made a 
public profession of religion, and was baptized by 
Rev. John Q. Adams, and became a member of the 
North Baptist church. New York. He studied in 
the College of the City of New York and in Madi- 
son University, and was ordained as pastor of 
Perth Amboy Baptist church, N. J., in June, 1862. 
In 1867 he took charge of the Greenwood Baptist 
church, where he still labors with marked success. 

He is one of the most able laborers in the temper- 
ance cause. He is the author of " Methods of 
Church Work," " Duty of the Christian Church in 
Relation to Temperance," and the "Peace ami 
Power of Temperance Literature," also an address 
on " Self-Culture." His discourses are clear, logi- 
cal, and earnestly delivered. 

Lawson, Admiral Sir John, was born near 



LA WSON 



LA WSON 



Scarborough, Yorkshirs, England. From very early 
life he was on the ocean. When the Parliament 
resolved to fight for the liberties of England, Lavrson 
entered its naval service. His intelligence, faith- 
fulness in executing orders, and religious behavior 
soon attracted attention and secured promotion. 
Having obtained the command of a small vessel, 
he made himself so useful that he was soon the 
captain of the finest ship in the British navy ; and 
in process of time he became an admiral, and occa- 
sionally had the whole fleet placed under his au- 
thority. He fought under Blake in all the battles 
which gave liim and his country so much naval 
glory. Cromwell looked upon him with special 
favor, and was always ready to promote his in- 
terests, until he became a king in everything but 
the name. 

On the 2d of June, 1653, the British fleet at- 
tacked the Dutch off the coast of Flanders. Deane 
and Monk were admirals. Sir William Penn was 
vice-admiral, and Sir John Lawson was rear-admi- 
ral. Lawson charged through the Dutch fleet with 
forty ships, pouring destruction into the enemy, 
and so disabling De Ruyter's squ-adron that Van 
Tromp had to come to his relief; and after a hot 
engagement, in which Lawson was the foremost 
fighting man, the Dutch withdrew. The next day 
the battle was renewed and the enemy was routed. 
Six great ships of the Dutch were sunk, two blown 
up, and eleven of the largest and twn smaller ves- 
sels were captured, with thirteen hundred prison- 
ers, and nothing but flight saved the other Dutch 
vessels. 

As soon as thepower of Richard Cromwell ended, 
and the Parliament of the country had reassembled, 
the oflBcers of the fleet, being largely Baptists, and 
consequently strong republicans, acknowledged the 
authority of Parliament in terms of loyal satisfac- 
tion. Immediately after, the Committee of Safety 
appointed by the Parliament ordered the equipment 
of six frigates to be ready for any emergency, and, 
to show their appreciation of our gallant brother. 
Sir John Lawson, they gave him the command of 
this squadron and created him vice-admiral of the 
fleet. For a considerable period after this Sir John 
had control of the whole British navy, and he was 
known throughout his country as a supporter of a 
free Parliament whom no bribes or persuasions 
could turn from his patriotic convictions. 

The Parliament in power at this period was the 
Long Parliament dispersed by Oliver Cromwell, 
and recalled once more to the exercise of legislative 
and executive powers. Against this body the army 
determined to wage war, and they hindered the 
speaker and the members from reaching the house. 
Lambert and the principal officers of the army were 
bent on ruling the nation by the swoi-J. Lawson 
brought his fleet into the Thames and declared for 



the Parliament by a voice which the Dutch had re- 
spected on the ocean, and which his countrymen 
reverenced everywhere. And his timely assistance, 
with the aid of Monk, overcame the friends of the 
sword, and the Parliament resumed its meetings 
and its authoritj'. On the 3d of June, 1665, in a 
great naval battle between the English and the 
Dutch, in which the Duke of York was the nominal 
and Lawson the real commander of the British 
fleet, and in which the Dutch lost thirty-two ships 
and six thousand men, Sir John Lawson received 
a shot in the knee in the middle of the battle ; the 
wound gangrened, and he died a few days after on 
shore, rejoicing in the blessed Saviour whom he was 
going to meet. 

Lord Clarendon, a bitter enemy of Baptists and 
republicans, says of the admiral: "He was, in- 
deed, of all the men of that time, and of that ex- 
traction and education, incomparably the modestest 
and the wisest man, and most worthy man to be 
confided in. He was in all the actions performed 
by Blake, some of which were very stupendous, 
and in all the battles which Cromwell had fought 
with the Dutch. He was commander-in-chief of 
the fleet when Richard (Cromwell) was thrown out ; 
and when the contest grew between the Rump (the 
Long Parliament) and Lambert, he brought the 
whole fleet into the river and declared for that 
which is called the Parliament (Clarendon did not 
recognize this body as a Parliament), which broke 
the neck of all other designs, though he intended 
only the better settlement of the Commonwealth.'''' 
He had no wish to aid the Stuarts to mount the 
throne forfeited by Charles I. Elsewhere he says : 
" The present fleet, pi-epared for the summer ser- 
vice, Avas under the command of Vice-Admiral Sir 
John Lawson, an excellent seaman, but then a no- 
torious Anabaptist; and they well remembered 
how he had lately besieged the city (London), and 
by the power of his fleet given that turn which 
helped to revive the 'Committee of Safety' (the 
government set up by the army) and restore the 
Rump Parliament to the exercise of their jurisdic- 
tion." Granville Penn, in his "Memorials of 
Admiral Sir William Penn,'' speaks of " the re- 
nowned Sir John Lawson," and he states that 
Oliver " Cromwell set aside Major Bourne and ap- 
pointed Lawson rear-admiral of the fleet in his 
place." The great Protector held Sir John Lawson 
in the highest esteem. Except Cromwell himself, 
in his day no soldier stood higher than Gen. Harri- 
son. And during the latter part of Lawson's life he 
was regarded as one of the greatest heroes in the 
naval history of Britain, and bis death was felt to 
be a national calamity. These brave men were both 
decided Baptists. See " Memoirs of Ludlow," ii. 
466, 666, 726, 736, 855, Vevay, 1699 ; Southey's 
" Lives of the British Admirals," v. 269, note, 



L AWT ON 



* 676 



LEACH 



London, 1837; Clarendon's "History of the Re- 
bellion," iii. 728, Oxford, 1706 ; Rapin's " History 
of England," ii. 639, 640, London, 1733 ; " Memo- 
rials of Sir William Penn, Knt.," i. 312, 469, 470, 
London, 1833. 

Lawton, Col. Alex. J., who died some three 
years ago, spent his life, which, " by reason of 
strength was fourscore and four years," in Beau- 
f)rt, S. C. He was long a deacon of the Black 
Swamp church, and repeatedly a member of the 
State Legislature. He was dignified but extremely 
pleasant, especially among the young, with whom 
he was a great favorite. The writer met him 
about a year before his death, and found him the 
same genial Christian that he had always been. 
Few masters were so considerate of their slaves, 
jind few had their afifection in an equal degree. 
He used much of his large property for benevolent 
objects. Few have spent a life so long and so well 
regulated. 

Lawton, Rev. Joseph A., may be called the 
Baptist patriarch of Barnwell, S. C, and of the 
surrounding counties. He held and used his large 
fortune, before the war, as a steward who must 
give an account. He now lives, in advanced years, 
in the midst of his spiritual children, white and 
colored, who revere him. Prudence and modei-a- 
tion have marked his whole life. His numerous 
servants, at the close of the war, cherished him in 
their hearts, and quite a number of them still live 
with him, and manifest the same respect as they 
did in the time of slavery. Baptist ministers in 
his section owe him much, because he refused to 
preach for wealthy churches unless they paid a 
salary in proportion to their ability, saying that if 
he preached for nothing it should be to churches 
not able to compensate him. They complied, and 
many brethren have been less stinted than they 
would have been had Mr. Lawton not insisted that 
"the laborer is worthy of his hire." He always 
gave his salary, and much more, to some worthy 
object. He has long been pastor of the Allendale 
church, one of the most active and liberal in the 
Savannah River Association. 

Lawton, Rev. W. A., was bom in Beaufort 
Co., S. C, in 1793. He was in the ministry fifty- 
five years, and at the time of his death, in 1878, 
he had been pastor of the Pipe Creek church for 
twenty-seven years. His remarkably strong con- 
stitution bore him up in good health almost to the 
close of life, which " by reason of strength was 
fourscore and five years." Next to Thomas Daw- 
son, he was probably the oldest Baptist minister in 
the State. 

Lea Female Seminary, located at Summit, 
Miss., on the line of the New Orleans and Jackson 
Railroad, Rev. Charles H. Otken, princip.al, is an 
admirable institution. 



Lea, Hon. Fryer, was born in Tennessee, and is 
now nearly eighty years of age •, joined the Baptist 
Church in Tennessee, where he practised law with 
success and distinction. Represented Tennessee in 
the Congress of the United States. He afterwards 
removed to Mississippi, and practised law at Jack- 
son. Has served as State superintendent of pub- 
lic instruction in Texas, and now lives at Goliad. 
He has been a consistent Baptist under all circum- 
stances. 

Lea, Rev. Wm. M., a prominent minister in 
Arkansas, was born in North Carolina in 1817, 
but reared and educated in Tennessee. He came 
to Arkansas in 1851 as missionary of the Marion 
Board Southern Baptist Convention, and began 
his labors at Helena. The following year he sev- 
ered his relations with the board, and boldly en- 
tered the State as an independent missionary, re- 
lying upon his field for support, and, with the 
exception of a few yeai-s, has ever since continued 
there to labor. Helena, Pine Bluff, Little Rock, 
Forest City, and other places have received the 
benefit of his laboi-s. Just before the late conflict 
he raised a subscription of $75,000 towards en- 
dowing a State college, which was unfortunately 
lost by the war. Mr. Lea has distinguished him- 
self as a polemic, having engaged in many debates, 
and considers himself specially set for the defense 
of the truth. 

Leach, Beriah W., D.D., was born in Middle- 
town, \t., April 28, 1801 ; converted at fourteen ; 
ordained pastor at Cornwell, Vt., in October, 1826 ; 
pastor at Middlebury, Fredonia, Wyoming, Ham- 
ilton, and Brooklyn, N. Y., and in Middletown, 
Conn. He received the degree of Doctor of Divin- 
ity from Madison University in 1859. He died 
Jan. 23, 1869, strong in his Redeemer's supporting 
grace. Dr. Leach was full of labors and of love 
for the Redeemer, and the favor of heaven rested 
upon his toils for Jesus as well as upon his own 
soul. 

Leach, Rev. William, was born in Shntes- 
bury, Mass., in 1804, and baptized by Rev. David 
Goddard, of Wendall. Relinquishing the business 
in which he was engaged, he pursued a select 
course of study at the Shelburne Falls Academy, 
and took a partial course at Newton. In 1840 he 
was ordained in Paterson, N. J. Subsequently 
he removed to Newark, N. J., and then to Wen- 
dall and South Hanson, Mass., and Omaha, Neb. 
To this latter place he had gone on business, but, 
seeing the destitution of the gospel in that rising 
city, he preached for some time there without com- 
pensation, and for two years as a missionary of the 
American Baptist Home Missionary Society. The 
Baptist church of Omaha is the child of his prayers 
and labors. Returning East, he had charge of the 
churches in East Stoughton, Holmes' Hole, South 



LEARNING 



677 



LEARNING 



Yarmouth, Harned, and Still River, all in the State 
of Massachusetts. He died at Still River, Mass., 
March 30, 1871. 

Learning, Baptist Institutions of.— Preced- 
ing and during the Commonwealth in England, 
large numbers of our ministers in that country were 
.•graduates of Oxford and Cambridge. After 1660, 
when Charles II. ascended the throne, the neces- 
sity for seeking education for Baptist pastors in 
some new quarter forced itself upon the attention 
of our brethren. Various plans were discussed in 
London and elsewhere to secure an object so dear 
to the churches. Edward Terrill, of Bristol, in 
1679, set apart a portion of his property for the in- 
struction of students for the ministry, which did 
not become available until the death of his wife. 
Though some aid was received from it for five years 
preceding 1720, it was in that year, under Rev. 
Bernard Foskett, that Bristol Baptist College was 
formally established. 

In 1756, Rev. Isaac Eaton, of Hopewell, N. J., 
opened the first Baptist Seminary in this country 
" for the education of youth for the ministry." In 
the progress of this institution the Philadelphia 
and Charleston Baptist Associations took the deep- 
est interest. They appointed trustees to watch 
over its affairs : and the Philadelphia Association 
raised about £400 to aid it in its work. The prin- 
cipal was a scholarly man, and he had the art of 
imparting knowledge to others. His school was in 
existence only eleven years, and in that time the 
following were among its pupils : Dr. James Man- 
ning, Dr. Samuel Jones, Dr. Hezekiah Smith, Dr. 
Isaac Skillman, and Revs. David Thomas, David 
Jones, the celebrated Revolutionary chaplain, and 
Charles Thompson. The distinguished Judge David 
Howell was also a student at Hopewell. The frame 
house in which Mr. Eaton presided over his semi- 
nary is still standing, and in excellent condition. 




ISAAC EATON 



THE FIRST BAPTIST SEMINARY FOR THE EDUCATION i 
IN AMERICA. 



MINISTERS 



On the 12th of October, 1762, the Philadelphia 
Baptist Association, with twenty-nine churches in 
its fellowship, met in the Lutheran church on 
Fifth Street above Race Street, Philadelphia. Rev. 
Morgan Edwards was chosen moderator, and Rev. 



Abel Morgan clerk. At this session of the mother 
Association of American Baptists it was decided 
that it was " expedient to erect a college in the 
colony of Rhode Island, under the chief direction 
of the Baptists."' Morgan Edwards was " the prin- 
cipal mover in this matter," and to him and Dr. 
Samuel Jones the grand educational project was 
referred. 

In 1763 an effort was made to secure the con- 
firmation of a charter for the new college in the 
Rhode Island Assembly. The charter had been 
prepared by Dr. Ezra Stiles, of Newport, a Congre- 
gational minister, and it " was so artfully con- 
structed as to throw the power into the Fellows' 
hands, whereof eight out of twelve were Presbyte- 
rians, usually called Congregationalists." "The 
trustees were presumed to be the principal branch 
of authority, and as nineteen out of thirty-five were 
to be Baptists, the Baptists were satisfied, without 
sufficient examination into the authority vested in 
the fellowship, which afterward appeared to be the 
soul of the institution, while the trusteeship was 
only the body" (Manning and Brown University, 
pp. 48-49). This unworthy effort of Dr. Stiles was 
frustrated by Daniel Jenckes and others in the As- 
sembly. The amended charter was confirmed by 
the Legislature of Rhode Island in 1764. In that 
year the Philadelphia Association recommended the 
churches to be liberal in placing the new college 
upon an efficient basis ; and in 1766 the Association 
" agreed to recommend warmly to the churches the 
interests of the college, for which a subscription is 
opened all over the continent." Dr. James Man- 
ning was the first president of Rhode Island Col- 
lege, now Brown University. This institution to- 
day has nineteen instructors, property valued at 
Sl,750,000, an endowment of §650,000, a library of 
53,000 volumes, 247 students, and a history of use- 
fulness of which Americans, and especially Ameri- 
can Baptists, may justly be proud. The Baptist 
colleges, theological seminaries, and academies of 
the United States, according to the report of the 
"Baptist Year-Book" for 1881, have property 
worth SI 1,988,883, and endowments of §4,960,730,— 
that is to say, these institutions own assets amount- 
ing to §16,959,613, nearly seventeen million dol- 
lars. Their reported income last year was §679,1 78, 
to which may be added §160,000 from 36 of them 
from which we have no report of receipts. They 
had, during 1880, 667 teachers, 8749 students, of 
whom 1532 were preparing for the Christian min- 
istry. 

In the United States most Pedobaptist communi- 
ties receive large accessions from European emi- 
gration ; the Baptists gain comparatively few mem- 
bers from this source. Besides, they have had to 
contend against powerful prejudices from the ear- 
liest period in the history of this country, preju- 



LEARNING 



678 



LEARNING 



dices which for a long time in several colonies 
clothed themselves in persecuting legal enactments, 
and which exist to-day, without the force of law, 
in unfounded charges of bigotry and saving sacra- 
mentalism. Nevertheless, by the favor of God, they 
have been able not only to rear a multitude of 



church edifices, but to invest seventeen million dol- dollars 



lars in institutions of learning. Indeed, we have 
reason to believe that if all our educational enter- 
prises were reported, and an exact examination of 
their property and endowments made, that the re- 
sult would show an investment in these fountains 
of light of a sum little less than twenty million 



BAPTIST INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING. 

UNITED STATES. IN 1881. 
COLLEGES AND UNIVEKSITIES. 



Name. 


§1 

^1 


President. 


Location. 


1^ 


1 


Property. 


Endow- 
ment. 




1764 
1819 
1820 

ISO] 


E. G. Robinson, D.B., LL.D 




ia 


247 


sr 7sn nnn 


$650,000 
480,000 






90 \ 640,000 








8 
25 


The Columbian Uuiversity 


J C Wellino- LL D 


Washington, D. C 

Upper Alton, 111 


S43 ! 3711(1(10 no (1(10 


Shurtleff College ! 1827 

Georgetown College j 1829 

Denison University 1 1831 

Franklin College ' 1834 

Wake Forest College ■ 18:U 


A. A. Kentlrick, D.D 

R M Dudlev D D 


7 ! 128 ■ 175.066 ; 156[6o6 
6 ' 119 ! 125,000 ; 75,000 
9 \ 173 1 300,000 190,000 
K . 8s i i^iionn 8(1 nno 


Alfred Owen, D.D 

W T Stott D D 


Granville, 

Franklin Ind 


T H Pritcliard D D 


Wake Forest, N. C 8 171 { 86,000 


46,000 
100,000 
95,000 




1838 


A.J. Battle, D.D 

B. Purvear, A.M 

Col. J. T. Murfee 








Howard College 1 1843 

Baylor University i 1845 

University at Lewisburg 1846 


Marion, Ala 


8 


125 
119 

66 
145 
146 
200 
185 

86 
121 
169 
105 
250 
100 
190 
303 

78 
131 
108 

60 
185 


50,000 


Rev. D. J. Hill, A.M 


Lewisburg, Pa 7 


250,000 121,769 
175,000 1 100,000 
846 443 1 255 .540 




1850 
1850 


M B Anderson LL D 


Rochester NY 


9 

7 




W S Webb D D 


Clinton Bliss 


50,000 
50,000 
100,000 


20,000 




1850 
1851 
1852 
1855 
185G 
1859 
1858 
18B1 
1801 
1865 
1859 
1867 
1871 
1874 


N. B. Goforth, D.D 

J C Furman D D 




Furman University 


Greenville, S. C : 5 

Pella Iowa ' 7 






L A Dunn D D 


■ 










175,000 
175,000 
160,600 
30,000 
60,000 
992,164 
70,000 ' 


75,000 
75,000 
600 
20,000 
13,000 
281,250 
20,000 






Russellvllle, Ky 




Galusha Andersou, D.D 

Rev G J Burcliett A M 


McMinuville College 


McMinnville, Oregon 


10 
31 










Poughkeepsie, N. Y 

Des Moines, Iowa 


University of Des Moines 


J A Nash D D 


J. F. Cook, LL.D 




36,000 
40,000 
30,000 
105,000 








20,000 
20,000 
55,000 








Southwestern Baptist Univ... 


Prof. G. W. Jarman, A.M 


Jackson, Tenn 


Total number 31 








280 


4609 


$7,910,597 


$3,279,159 









■ From previous repoi-ts. 



THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



Name. 


s § 


President. 


Location. 


|« 


1 
1 


Property. 


Endow- 
ment. 

1 


Hamilton Theological Sem... 
Newton Theol. Institution.... 
Rochester Theological Sem... 
Southern Baptist Theol. Sem. 
Shurtlefl' Theological Dept... 

Baptist Union Theol. Sem 

CrozerTheological Seminary. 
Vardeman Sch. of Theology.. 


1819 
1825 
1851 
1868 
1862 
1867 


E Dod"-e D D LL D . 


Hamilton NY 


5 


36 
67 
70 
89 

78 
42 
48 


$70,000 
420,878 
450,1100 
300,000 


314]80l 
300,000 1 
300,000 1 


Alvih Hovey,D.D 

A. H. Strong, D.D 

Jas. P. Boyce, D.D., LL.D 


Newton Centre, Mass ] 6 

Rochester, N. Y 8 

Louisville, Ky 4 






244,136 


H. G. Weston, D.D 




4 
3 


403,000 
40,000 


T.fhorf,' ivr„ 






Total number 8 






37 


430 


$1,689,878 


$1,191,681 




! 



LEARNING 



679 



LEARNING 



BAPTIST INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING— CoK^umeti. 

ACADEMIKS, SEMINAKIES, AND FEMALE COLLEGES. 



Aliibama Central Female Col 
Atlanta Baptist Seniinaryf .. 

Baptist Female College 

Barilstown M. and F. College 

Baylor Female College 

Benedict lustitutcf 

Bethel Female College 

Broaddus Female College 

Burlington Colored Institute. 

Cedar Valley Seminary* 

Central Female Institute 

Cliowan Baptist Female Inst. 

Colby Academy 

Colgate Academy 

Connecticut Lit. Institution... 

Cook Academy 

Georgetown Female Sem 

Georgia Female College 

Grand River College 

Greenville Baptist Fem. Col.. 

Hardin Female College* 

Hollin's Institute 

Howe Literary Institnte 

Judson Female Institute 

Keystone Academy 

Leland Universityt 

Lea Female College 

Mary Sharp College 

Minnesota Academy* 

Mount Pleasant Institute 

Nashville Institute! 

Natchez Seminaryt 

Normal and Theol. School.... 

Peddle Institute 

Keiil Institute 

IHchmond Institutct 

Shaw Univereityt 

Simth Jersey Institute 

Stepl>en's Female College 

University Academy 

University Female Institute. 

Vermont Academy 

Wayland Seminaryf 

Wayland University 

Worcester Academy 

Wyoming Seminary 

Young Ladies' Institute 



Prof. A. K. Yancey, Jr 

Kev. J. T. Robert, LL.D... 

.loluiF. Lanneau, A.M 

H. J. Greenwell, A.M 

.1. II. Luther, D.D 

E. J. Good.speed, D.D 

J. W. Rust, A.M 

Kev. E. J. Willis, LL.D 

Prof. E. F. Stearns 

Rev. A. Bush, A.M 

Walter Hillmau, LL.D 

Dr. A. McDowell 

James P. Dixou, A.M 

Kev. F. W. Towle, A.M 

Martin H. Smith, A.M 

Prof. A. C. Hill 

Prof. J. J. RucUer 

Mr. P. F. Asl.ury 

Prof. T. H. Storts 

Prof. A. S. Towues 

Prof. A. W. Terrill 

Prof. Chas. L.Cocke 

Prof. S. F. Holt 

L. R. Gwaltney, D.D 

Rev. J. H. Harris, A.M 

Kev. SeLh J. Axtell, Jr 

Rev. C. H. Otken. A.M 

Z. G. Graves, LL.D 

S. H. Baker, A.M 

Rev. Leroy Stevens, A.M.. 

D. W. Phillips, D.D 

Rev. Chailes Aver 

Rev. H. Woodsman 

Rev. E. J. Avery, A.M 

C. A. Gilbert, A.M 

Rev. C H. Corey, A.M 

Rev. H. M. Tupper, A.M.. 

Prof. H. K. Trask 

Prof. R. P. Rider 

W. E.Martin, A.M 

Jonathan Jones, A.M 

H. M. Willard, A.M 

Rev. G.-M. P. King 

N.E.Wood, A.M 

Nath. Leavenworth, A.M.. 
Kev. M. Heath, A.M 

D. Shepardeon, D.D 



Tuscaloosa, Ala 

Atlanta, Ga , 

Lexington, Mo 

Bardstown, Ky 

Independence, Te.\ 

Columbia, S. C 

HopkiuBville, Ky... 
Clarksburg, W. Va 
Burlington, Iowa... 
Osage, Iowa 



Mi; 



Murfreesborougb, N. C. 

New London, N. U 

Hamilton, N.Y 

Suffield, Conn 

Havana, N. Y 



, Ala., 



Ma 
Factoryvjlle, Pa 

New Orleans, La 

Summit, Miss ! 

Winchester, Tenn ' 

Owatonna, Minn | 

Mount Pleasant, Pa | 

Nashville, Tenn I 

Natchez, Miss | 

Selma, Ala 

Highfstown, N. J i 

Reidsburg, Pa [ 

Richmond, Va , 

Raleigh, N. C ; 

Bridgeton, N. J 

Columbia, Mo 

Lewisburg, Pa 

Lewisburg, Pa 

Saxton's River, Vt 

Washington, D C 

Beaver Dam, Wis 

Worcester, Mass ■ 

Wyoming, Del | 

Granville, 



I 111 
1 110 



15 i 277 



.50,000 
22.000 
20,000 
50,000 
181,000 
125,000 
100,000 
168.708 
25,000 



10,000 



10,000 
10,000 
12,000 



15,000 

8,000 

125,000 

10,000 



75,000 
142,000 
40,000 
50,000 
200,000 



81,000 
55,000 
28,000 



10,000 
"5,190 



100,000 
19,000 



Total number 48 350 5522 $2,388,408 



From previous reports. 



t Under the auspices of the American Baptist Home Missioa Society. 



ENGLAND, WALES, AND SCOTLAND.- 



Name. 




President. 


Location. 


1° 


1 


Peopeety. 


Endow- 

ME>T. 


















CliilwellC.dlege(Gen.Bap.). 


1797 


Kev. F. Goadby, B.A 


Nottingham 




Rawdon College 1804 


Rev T G Kooke B A 


Kawdon Yorkshire 






Pontypool, Wales ' 




1810 




Haverfordwest College 

Theol. Institution of Scotland. 


18.i9 Thomas Dalies, d!d'. 

1856 1 James Culross, D.D 


Haverfordwest, Wales.... 
Glasgow 




Llangollen....!...\:.'....„ .: 1862 

Manchester Bap. Theol. Inst. 1866 


Hugh Jones, D.D 

Rev. Edward Parker . . 


Llangollen, North Wales. 
Brighton Grove M'ch'fr 










Total number 10 


1 






! 






1 









These institutions had an income of 880,000 in 1880. 



LECOMPTE 



BAPTIST INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING— Con^mwecZ. 
CANADA.— Ontario. 



Name. 


^1 


Pkesiuent. 


Location. 




a 
1 


PnOPERTY. 


Endow- 
ment. 






Rev. John Torrance, M.A 


Woodstock, Ontario 


10 
3 








Toronto Theol. Institution.... 


1881 














13 

















NOVA SCOTIA. 



Name. 


(1 


Peesident. 


Location. 


i° 


i 
1 


Pkoperty. 


Endow- 
ment. 










8 


75 















In addition to these, we have missionary colleges 
and theological institutions in Jamaica, Burmah, 
India, France, Germany, and Sweden. 

The Hollis family of London, earnest Baptists, 
were such generous friends of education, that down 
to 1735 they gave more than "£6000 currency of 
Massachusetts" to Harvard College, then a Congre- 
gational institution, that New England might have 
literary advantages. "We had no American Bap- 
tist colleges in that day to receive such benefac- 
tions. 

In establishing and sustaining institutions of 
learning, and in extending general education 
throughout our entire country, no denomination 
occupies a more honored place than the Baptists. 

Leavitt, Rev. Samuel K., was born at Levant, 
Me., June 23, 1830; graduated at Colby University 
in 1855 ; after graduation taught in the literary 
and scientific institution at New London, N. H., 
in the high school at Ilolyoke, Mass., and at Halli- 
well. Me. In 1857 removed to Evansville, Ind., 
where he studied law and remained in the legal 
profession until the spring of 1870, with an inter- 
ruption of three years' service in the army as cap- 
tain in the 65th Regiment of Ind. Inf Vols. Was 
converted in college in 1852. and baptized at Iloly- 
oke in 1855 by Rev. James French. In the spring 
of 1872 was ordained to the work of the ministry 
at Evansville, Ind. Has had only two pastorates, 
the first at Keokuk, Iowa, and the second at First 
church, Cincinnati, 0.,from December, 1872, to the 
present time. He is an earnest, thorough-going 
man, and he is profoundly interested in the reform- 
atory as well as the religious movements of the 
day. 



Lecompte, Rev. Edwin Augustus, was bom 

in Boston, Sept. 14, 1835. He was religiously 
trained at home, and in the Sunday-school of the 
Charles Street Baptist church, under the ministra- 
tions of the Rev. Dr. Sharp. Having gone through 
the course of study pursued in the excellent schools 
of his native city, he decided to devote himself to 
business. When but fifteen years of age he was 
hopefully converted, and was baptized by Rev. A. 
H. Burlingham, then pastor of the Harvard Street 
church, Boston. His attention w:is now turned to 
the Christian ministry, and in order to fit himself 
for his chosen work he pursued his preparatory 
studies in part at the Middleborough Academy, 
under the tuition of Prof. J. W. P. Jenks, and 
graduated with honor at Harvard University in the 
class of 1862. " His subsequent work proved that 
his intellectual as well as moral culture was broad 
and thorough." He was ordained as pastor of the 
Fourth Street church, in South Boston, July 30, 
1862. For seven years he labored successfully with 
this church, and then accepted a call to the pas- 
torate of the First Baptist church, in Syracuse, 
N. Y., where he remained until 1864, when he was 
called back to his native State and became pastor 
of the Worthen Street church, Lowell, Mass. Here 
for fifteen years he " made full proof of his minis- 
try," and his work was respected in the commu- 
nity in which he lived, inasmuch as he brought to 
the discharge of his duties a well-cultivated intel- 
lect and a warm, gentle, and guileless heart. "He 
was one of those men for whom we are never 
called on to explain or apologize." He died March 
2, 1880, not having quite reached the forty-fifth 
year of his age. 



LEE 681 

Lee, Rev. David, was born in Johnston Co., 
N. C, Feb. 4, 1805. With his father, -Joel Lee, and 
family, he removed to Alabama and settled in 
Conecuh County in 1817. David Lee was happily 
converted, and in November, 1827, was baptized by 
Rev. Alex. Travis, and the next year began to ex- 
hort sinners to repentance. Was ordained in 1833 
by Revs. David Peebles and Alexander Watson. 
Has been pastor of Hopewell church, at Mount 
AVilling, ever since he entered the ministry, and 
from time to time of other churches. Has attended 
every meeting, save one, of the Alabama Associa- 
tion since 1833, and has been moderator of that 
body for about thirty-five years, and is one of the 
best presiding officers in the State. All his life as 
a man and a minister he has exerted a commanding 
influence in that large and powerful Association. 
Has written extensively and ably for our religious 
papers ; has ever been in good worldly circum- 
stances. 

Lee, Franklin, Esq., was born in Xew Jersey 
in 1787 ; was a member of the Second Baptist 
church, Philadelphia, Pa., for more than fifty years, 



LEE 




and for about thirty years an honored deacon. He 
was treasurer of the Philadelphia Baptist Associa- 
tion for many years. He Avas a representative from 
Philadelphia in the Pennsylvania Legislature, and 
he held other public positions of importance in 
times when such offices sought the men to fill them. 
In his own church he was familiarly known as 
" Father Lee," and every member of it felt a special 
interest in him. He was known and venerated by 
44 



the whole denomination in Eastern Pennsylvania; 
he held a high place in the regards of all the 
leading citizens of PhiladeJphia among whom 
he mingled in business pursuits and in patriotic 
efibrts. 

His doctrinal sentiments accorded with those 
proclaimed by Dr. Gill and taught by inspired 
Paul ; he was deeply devotional in his religious 
exercises, a generous friend of missions at home 
and abroad, and a liberal contributor to the neces- 
sities of the poor. While broad in his charities, 
Mr. Lee was a strong Baptist, and no struggling 
community of his denomination ever vainly ap- 
pealed to him. For years before his death his ordi- 
nary gifts to the poor and the cause of Christ were 
about two thousand dollars annually. 

Intimately conversant with God's Word, of which 
he was a diligent and intelligent student, he was 
strengthened by its doctrines and its promises, and 
led a life marked by unspotted purity. His hope 
was unusually bright ; he often quoted the words 
of the poet to express his experience, — 

" More happy, but not more secure, 
The glorified spirits in heaven." 

He entered the eternal inheritance Dec. 13, 1861, 
mourned by throngs in whose hearts he will ever 
live, and from whose memories the records of his 
worth can never be obliterated. 

Lee, Rev. Hanson, distinguished as an edu- 
cator, preacher, and editor, was born in North 
Carolina, but reared in Alabama, where he received 
a fine classical education, and afterward graduated 
at the Southwestern Theological Seminary, Marys- 
ville, Tenn. After several successful pastorates in 
Alabama, he became president of Mossy Creek 
College, Eastern Tennessee. In 1854 he came to 
Mount Lebanon, La., where he founded the Loui- 
siana Baptist, which took rank among the best 
Southern religious journals. In connection with 
his intelligent wife he also founded Mount Lebanon 
Female College. He died May 7, 1862. 

Lee, Rev. Jason, son of Rev. Joseph Lee, of 
Long Island, N. Y., was ordained pastor of the 
First Baptist church in East Lyme, Conn., in 1774, 
and with great honor sustained this relation till 
his death, which occurred in 1810, in the seventieth 
year of his age, and the thirty-sixth of his pas- 
torate. 

Lee, Rev. Jesse, was born in Alabama in 1803 ; 
became a preacher in 1837. He removed to Caddo 
Parish, La., in 1847. Through his labors the 
Shreveport church was greatly strengthened, and 
a large church built up at Summer Grove, of which 
he was pastor more than twenty years. He died 
Oct. 9, 1872. . 

Lee, Rev. S. C, pastor at Farmersville, La., 
and editor of the Baptist Messenger, was born in 
Alabama in 1826 ; has served several churches in 



LEIGH 



682 



LELA^^D 



Concord Association, La., and has been often elected 
moderator of that body. He conceived the idea of 
establishing the ConQord Institute, and as agent 
secured in a few months an endowment of $14,000. 

Leigh, Hon. John T., is descended from Revo- 
lutionary stock. He was born in New Jersey in 
1821. At twelve years of age he went into a store 
at New Brunswick as clerk. In 1844 he began 
business at Clinton, N. J., and has risen to a promi- 
nent place among business men in the community. 
He was one of the founders of the Clinton National 
Bank, has been twice mayor, and he has been a 
member of the Legislature. He is a deacon of the 
Baptist church in Clinton. 

Leland, Rev. Aaron, lieutenant-governor of 
Vermont, was born in Holliston, Mass., May 28, 
1761. He became a member of the Baptist church 
in Bellingham, Mass., in 1785, and soon after was 
licensed by that church to preach. He removed to 
Chester, Vt., where, in 1789, a small church of only 
ten members was formed, of which he took the pas- 
toral charge. In ten years the church had grown 
so large, in consequence of a great revival which 
spread through that section, that it became neces- 
sary to divide it, and four churches were set oflf 
from the parent stock. 

Mr. Leland did not confine his ministerial labors 
to his own vicinity, but went out, as our fathers in 
the ministry \Vere wont to do, into the surrounding 
districts, making disciples and then gathering them 
into Christian churches. " It was not uncommon for 
him during the early years of his ministry to go 
from fourteen to twenty miles through the wilder- 
ness to attend a funeral." 

Mr. Leland, from his known intelligence, and be- 
cause in his political sentiments he harmonized 
with the people of the district in which he lived, 
was often called upon to act in civil affairs. For 
nine years he was representative in the General 
Assembly. He was speaker of the House for three 
years, and one of the governor's council for four 
years. For five years he was lieutenant-governor 
of the State, a part of the time being associated with 
Rev. Ezra Butler, who was governor. Probably 
this is the only instance in the history of the 
country where two Baptist ministers occupied to- 
gether the two highest posts of honor within the 
gift of their fellow-citizens, as officers of a State 
government. For eighteen years he was one of the 
assistant justices of the County Court. He was 
proposed as a candidate for governor in 1828, but 
feeling that he must separate himself too much from 
the work of the ministry if he accepted the position, 
he declined to run for the ofSce. We are told that 
" he had high qualifications for a popular and ef- 
fective preacher. He had a noble form ; a mind 
of a powerful cast, that perceived quickly and 
composed easily ; a voice of vast compass, but 



smooth and mellow ; great facility of utterance, 
and great fervor of spirit ; clear, but impassioned, 
he -would carry with him the multitude irresist- 
ibly." With such traits of character, and ready to 
enlist heartily in any and every good cause, it is no 
wonder that he wielded an extensive influence 
throughout the State of Vermont. " He had great 
influence among his brethren, and commanded 
their high respect, as was evident from their al- 
most uniformly making him the moderator of their 
meetings. He was a wise and safe counselor, al- 
ways bringing to his aid the best light he was able 
to command, and forming his judgment with a dis- 
creet reference to all the circumstances of the case." 
He was one of the Fellows of Middlebury College, 
and received from that institution in 1814, and from 
Brown University in 1815, the honorary degree of 
Master of Arts. He died Aug. 25, 1833. 

Leland, Rev. John, was born in Grafton, Mass., 
May 14, 1754. At the age of eighteen he passed 
through an experience not unlike that of John 




Bunyan, coming out gradually into the liberty of 
the gospel. Within a month after his conversion, 
in June, 1774, he made his first attempt at public 
speaking. Having connected himself with the 
church in Mount Poney, Culpeper Co., Va., he was 
ordained by the choice of the church. He preached 
from place to place, everywhere proclaiming "the 
unsearchable riches of Christ." Wonderful revi- 
vals everywhere followed the labors of Mr. Leland 
in Virginia. Hundreds came under the power 
of converting grace, and professed their faith in 



LELAND 



683 



LEMEN 



Christ. The summary of his labors during the 
fifteen years of his ministry in Virginia is thus re- 
corded, — 3009 sermons preached, 700 persons bap- 
tized, and two large churches formed, one of 
300 members, and another of 200. 

Having finished the work which he thought 
liis Master had given him to do in Virginia, 
Mr. Leland returned to his native State, and 
made his home for the most of the remainder 
of his life in Cheshire, Mass. Here, and in f 
the region about, the same power and the 
same success followed his ministry. He re- 
ports the whole number of persons whom he 
had baptized down to 1821 as 1352. "Some 
of them," he says, "have been men of wealth 
and rank, and ladies of quality, but the chief 
part have been in the middle and lo\Ver grades 
of life. Ten or twelve of them have engaged 
to preach." Missionary tours were made in 
almost every direction, and multitudes crowded 
to hear him. The story of the " mammoth 
cheese" sent by the people of Cheshire to 
President Jefferson belongs to this period. 
He was the bearer of the gift to Washington. 
" Mr. Jefferson," remarks Rev. J. T. Smith, 
" treated him -with much deference, among other 
things taking him into the Senate chamber." Year 
after year he went on doing that special work to 
which he believed the Lord had called him. " From 
seventy to beyond eighty years of age he probably 
averaged more sermons a week than most settled 
pastors." And it is interesting to have the follow- 
ing recorded of him by one who could speak intel- 
ligently about him, " The large attendance on his 
preaching was as creditable to the hearers as to the 
preacher. A sensational preacher he was not, nor 
a mere bundle of eccentricities. The discrimina- 
ting and thoughtful listened to him with the most 
interest and attention." He was evidently " a born 
preacher." The life of a settled pastor would have 
been irksome to him. He wanted freedom from all 
restraint, and to do his own work at his own time 
and in his own way. In politics he was a Democrat 
of the Jeffersonian school, a hater of all oppression, 
whether civil or ecclesiastical. His warmest sym- 
pathies went out to his Baptist brethren in their 
-efforts to secure a complete divorce of the Church 
from the State. Everywhere he pleaded with all the 
«nergy of his soul for civil and religious liberty, 
and he had the satisfaction of seeing it at last come 
out of the conflict victorious over all foes. Among 
the class of ministers whom God raised up during 
the last century to do the special work which it 
was given the Baptist denomination to perforin, 
John Leland occupies a conspicuous place. We 
•doubt if his equal will ever be seen again. Mr. 
Leland died -Jan. 14, 1841. 

Leland University, located at New Orleans, 



La., was founded by the munificence of Holbrook 
Chamberlain, under the direction of the Home 
Mission Society. It is devoted to the education 




D UNIVERSITV, NEW ORLEANS, LA. 



of freedmen. Mr. Chamberlain first gave $12,500 
to found it, and the amount was duplicated by 
contributors to the society. He then gave $5000 
more towards the buildings. He and his wife not 
only donated money to this noble object, but lent 
also their hearty personal efforts. This school has 
now been in successful operation several years, 
and has the warm sympathy of the Baptists of the 
city, and indeed of the Southwest. It is an im- 
portant factor in the evangelization of the freed- 
men of the South. 

Lemen, Rev. James, was born in Bei-keley Co., 
Va., in 1760. In early life he was one of those 
who went North from Virginia with Gen. Wash- 
ington, and was in some of the noted actions of the 
war of the Revolution. Returning to Virginia he 
settled near Wheeling, but in 1786 removed to Illi- 
nois, being one of the earliest settlers in that re- 
gion of then almost unbroken wilderness. He 
went down the Ohio River in a flat-boat, with his 
family, and after much exposure and disaster ar- 
rived at length, though with a loss of all his house- 
hold goods, which the river in the wrecking of his 
boat had swallowed up. His first home in Illinois 
was near Kaskaskia, at New Design, on the road 
from Kaskaskia to St. Louis. For many years his 
house was a stopping-place for travelers between the 
two places, and they were always entertained with 
Western hospitality. Under the preaching of Rev. 
■James Smith, the first evangelical minister to visit 
Illinois, Mr. Lemen experienced conversion in 1787, 
but did not make a profession of his faith in bap- 
tism until 1794, when with his wife and two others 



LEMEN 



684 



LENOX 



he was baptized by Rev. Josiah Dodge. This was 
the first instance of the administration of baptism 
in what is now the State of Illinois. Two years 
later Mr. Lemen and his wife united with a few 
others in forming the first Christian church in 
Illinois, their minister being Rev. David Badgley. 
The Baptists thus led the way in the work of estab- 
lishing churches in the great Prairie State. Even 
before Mr. Lemen had experienced conversion he 
had been one of a small company who met together 
on the Lord's day to read the Scriptures, with a 
sermon whenever one could be procured. After his 
conversion he was able to accompany these exer- 
cises with prayer. Finally, in 1808, he was li- 
censed to preach, being now nearly fifty years of 
age. From that time until his death he was an ac- 
tive, zealous, and useful minister of the gospel, 
associating this with other public duties, such as, 
for some years, justice of the peace, and also as one 
of the judges of the County Court. He died Jan. 8, 
1823, aged sixty-two. His son, James Lemen, Jr., 
who was in the ministry before him and assisted at 
his ordination, also preached his funeral sermon. 

Lemen, Rev. James, Jr., third son of the fore- 
going, was born at New Design, 111., Oct. 8, 1787. 
Converted at the age of twenty, he immediately 
began preaching, even before he had united with 
any church. Joining the church at New Design, 
he was by that church ordained, and he continued 
in the duties of an active ministry in various parts 
of Southern Illinois for more than sixty years. He 
took an active part also in public affairs ; was 
during sixteen years a member of the Legislature, 
both as representative and as senator. An election 
to the U. S. Senatorship was offered him but de- 
clined. He died Feb. 8, 1870, aged eighty-two. 

Lemen, James H,, was one of the family of 
Lemens who came into Illinois among its earliest 
settlers. He died in O'Fallon, Madison Co., Sept. 
12, 1872, at the age of sixty-five. He had been 
a member of Bethel church since the age of 
twelve, was for many years clerk of the church, 
and for twenty years clerk of the South District 
Association. 

Lemen, Rev. Joseph, was the second son of 

James Lemen, Sr., and was born near Harper's 
Ferry, Va., Sept. 8, 1785. He was only nine 
months old when his parents removed to Illinois. 
He was converted at a camp-meeting near Ed- 
wardsville. 111., conducted by the Methodist bishop, 
McKendree, and by two Baptist ministers, — 
" Father Clark" and James Lemen, Sr. He was 
ordained Feb. 4, 1810, and was an active and use- 
ful minister for fifty-one years. He died June 28, 
1861, at the age of seventy-five. 

Lemen, Rev. Josia,h, was born Aug. 15, 1794, 
at New Design, 111. He was the sixth child of 
James Lemen, Sr. He also, like his brothers 



Joseph, Moses, and James, became a minister of 
the gospel. He was baptized May 2, 1819, by Rev. 
John Clark, known in the former history of Illinois 
as "Father Clark," and united -with the Canton, 
now Bethel church, near. the place of his birth. 
He died July 11, 1862, aged seventy-two. 

Lemen, Rev. Moses, was the youngest son of 

James Lemen, Sr., and he was born at the Illinois 
home of that remarkable family, Sept. 3, 1797. 
Though converted at ten years of age, he did not 
unite with the church until his twenty-second year. 
He was then baptized by " Father Clark." He and 
his brother Josiah were both baptized and ordained 
at the same time, their ordination occurring March 
24, 1822. Moses Lemen, during thirty -six years, 
was one of the most laborious and useful ministers 
in Illinois. He died March 5, 1859, aged sixty- 
one. 

Lemen, Rev. Sylvester, was also of the famous 

Lemen family, of Illinois, and he was for many 
years a member of the Bethel church. He died at 
Belleville, 111., Sept. 28, 1872, at the age of fifty-six. 
He was, during some thirty-five years, one of the 
active and useful members of the South District 
Association. 

Lennon, Rev. Haynes, was bom Dec. 15, 1816 ^ 
was deeply impressed with a desire to seek the 
Saviour at four years of age, but did not join a 
church till twenty-three ; was baptized by Rev. 
Wm. Ayers, in June, 1839 ; began to preach in 
May, 1841, and was ordained in March, 1842, Rev. 
Wm. Ayers and Rev. Dwight Hayes forming the 
Presbytery. He has been the pastor of the Antioch 
church, in Robinson County, N. C, for thirty-eight 
years, and of several others nearly as long. He 
was moderator of the Cape Fear Association, the 
second largest in the State, from 1850 to 1878, with 
the exception of the sessions of 1864 and 1865,. 
when he was absent on account of sickness. In 
1870 he became general superintendent of missions 
in his Association, and has been eminently useful in 
developing a missionary spirit among the churches. 
He is still an active and effective minister. 

Lenox, Judge David T., whose parents were 
Scotch Methodists, was born at Catskill, N. Y., in 
1801. He was baptized at RushviUe, 111., in 1832, 
with his wife (Miss Louisa Swan, of Lexington,. 
Ky.). He organized and superintended two Sun- 
day-schools ; he removed to Missouri in 1840 ; 
joined the Todd's Creek church ; was clerk of the 
church and Association until 1843, when he re- 
moved to Oregon, and located on the Tualatin 
Plains; found five other Baptists in the wilderness, 
invited them to his house and there organized the 
West Union church, the first Baptist church west 
of the Rocky Mountains. In 1852 he spent |1500' 
of his own money, and raised $1200, to build a 
church edifice. He was deacon of the church. He 



LEONARD 



LESLIE 



was district judge and judge of Probate Court 
many years. In 1856 he removed to Weston, 
Eastern Oregon, where he closed a useful and 
consecrated life, Nov. 4, 1873. 

Leonard, Rev. George, was born in Raynham, 
Mass., Aug. 17, 1802. He entered Brown Univer- 
sity and graduated in 1824. He studied subse- 
'inontly at the Newton Theological Institution, and 
was one of the first students who graduated from 
that seat of sacred learning. He was ordained 
pastor of the Second Baptist church in Salem, 
Mass., in August, 1826, where he labored until 
compelled to resign on account of ill health. On 
the 4th of July, 1830, he began his ministry as 
pastor of the First Baptist church in Portland, Me. 
Again his health failed. He gave up all ministerial 
work, and died at last, Aug. 11, 1831, in Worcester, 
Mass. If Mr. Leonard had been blessed with good 
health, and had lived longer, it may be safely pre- 
dicted that he would have taken a high place among 
the ablest ministers of his denomination. Both the 
churches he served revere his memory. 

Leonard, Judge John, was born in Knox Co., 
0., Aug. 20, 1825. He attended Denison Univer- 
sity, at Granville, 0. On leaving college he located 
in Morrow County, and at the age of twenty-three 
was elected county surveyor. While holding this 
office he devoted his spare time entirely to the study 
of law, and in 1852 was admitted to the bar in 
Wooster, Wayne Co., 0. In the summer of 1853 
he came to Iowa, and settled at Winterset, where 
he opened a law-office, and gradually built up an 
extensive practice. In 1862 he was elected district 
attorney, but resigned in 1864. In January, 1874, 
he entered upon his duties as judge of the Fifth Ju- 
dicial District, to which he had been recently elected, 
and in which he continued to serve till the expira- 
tion of his term of office. lie is an earnest and 
studious reader, especially in the line of his pro- 
fession, and has one of the best libraries of any 
lawyer in Southwestern Iowa. He has long been 
a member of the Baptist church, and he is exem- 
plary and faithful in his life and church relations. 
He still resides in Winterset, where his home has 
been for more than twenty-seven years. His eldest 
son, Byram Leonard, an attorney of much promise, 
a man of sterling Christian worth, and an earnest 
worker in the Baptist church of which he was a 
valued member, died in 1879, in his early manhood, 
and in the midst of a useful life. 

Leonard, L. G., D.D., was bom in Monson, 
Mass., Jan. 6, 1810 ; graduated at Newton in 1836 : 
the same year became pastor of the church in 
Webster, Mass., where he remained nearly seven 
years. After two short pastorates in Thompson 
and New London, Conn., he took charge, in 1848, 
of the Market Street church, Zanesville, 0. From 
1855 to 1863 was pastor at Marietta, 0., where he 



was the means not only of greatly strengthening 
the home church, but was instrumental in forming 
several new churches in the surrounding country. 
In 1863 he took charge of the church at Lebanon, 
0., remaining until 1872, when he became pastor 
of the church at Bucyros, a position which he still 
holds. 

Dr. Leonard has been closely identified with 
Baptist interests in Ohio. For thirty years he has 
been a member of the board of trustees of Denison 
University. His pastorates have been long and 
fruitful. A wise counselor and a faithful toiler for 
Christ, he has received during his many years of 
service the highest esteem and affection. 

Leslie, Gov. Preston H., was born in Clinton 
Co., Ky., March 8, 1819, and was educated in the 
schools of his vicinity until the age of sixteen. 
Upon leaving school he spent a portion of his time 




G0\. PREoTO.x n. ,.Eo..iE. 

upon a farm near Louisville. At the age of eighteen 
he accepted a position in a store in Clinton County, 
and shortly afierwards entered the county clerk's 
office as a deputy. After this he attended a school 
of higher grade, and applied himself to study with 
great diligence, committing to memory the whole 
of a text-book on logic within a few weeks. When 
he left this school he entered the law-office of Gen. 
Rice Maxey, since Judge Maxey, of Texas, and 
father of United States Senator S. B. Maxey, of 
that State. In 1841 he was admitted to the bar. 
While a law-student, or just before he began the 
study of law, he professed .religion and joined a 
Baptist church, and from that time made the Bible 



LESLIE 



LETTERS 



his study and his guide. When he commenced the 
practice of hiw he formed a resolution not to advo- 
cate knowingly an unjust cause for any considera- 
tion, and he determined never to neglect his duty 
to God for any worldly advantage however great. 
On these principles he began the business of life, 
and it is believed that he has adhered to them with 
unyielding tenacity. His success was assured from 
the beginning. From 1842 until 1853 his residence 
was upon a farm on Cumberland River, in Jackson 
Co., Tenn. Here he divided his time between 
farming and his profession. A few years later he 
removed to Glasgow, Ky., where he now resides. 
He was first elected to the Legislature from Monroe 
County in 1844, and was re-elected in 1850. He 
represented Barren and Monroe Counties in the 
State Senate from 1851 to 1855, and again in 1867, 
occupying the speaker's chair in the Senate in 
1869. On the resignation of Gov. Stevenson he 
became governor ex-officio until the expiration of 
the term, in 1871. During that year he was elected 
governor by the extraordinary majority of 37,156. 
In the discharge of his duties as chief magistrate 
he attained a national reputation for diligence, 
wisdom, and integrity. At the close of his term, 
in 1875, he returned to his home in Glasgow and 
resumed his legal practice. Gov. Leslie is as faith- 
ful to his church as to the State, and he allows 
nothing but Providential circumstances to detain 
him from public worship or to prevent him from 
taking an active part in the business of his chui-ch. 
He superintended the Sunday-school at the Baptist 
church in Frankfort while he was governor, and 
was frequently moderator of the General Asso- 
ciation of the Baptists. The State and the Church 
alike are justly proud of this pure statesman and 
devoted Christian. 

Leslie, Rev. Robert, was born in Edinburgh, 
Scotland, in 1838, and came with his parents to the 
United States in 1851, stopping at Chicago, 111., 
but subsequently locating at Schenectady, N. Y. 
In 1856 the family again i-emoved to the West, es- 
tablishing their home this time at Clinton, Iowa. 
According to the old established rule among the 
Scotch Presbyterians, the parents of Mr. Leslie 
designed him for the ministry, and while yet quite 
young he attended for some time the Rev. Dr. An- 
drew Thompson's school in Edinburgh. The con- 
version of his parents to Baptist views, and their 
removal to the United States, somewhat modified 
and changed these early purposes and also inter- 
rupted his education. Converted at the age of 
sixteen, he made a profession of religion in 1854, 
and united with the Baptist chui'ch in Clinton, 
Iowa. After his union with the church he prose- 
cuted, in connection with his father, the business 
of architect and builder. During a number of 
years he had a painful conflict with his convictions 



with reference to the Christian ministry, which 
finally culminated in his happy and entire conse- 
cration to that work. He was educated at the 
University of Chicago, graduating in the class of 
1869, and at the Chicago Theological Seminary, 
graduating in 1870. He was ordained Oct. 12, 1870, 
as pastor of the Baptist church at Anamosa, Iowa. 
He was subsequently settled at Joliet, 111., and in 
Waverly, Iowa. He took charge of the Baptist 
church in Waukesha, Wis., Aug. 1, 1879, where lie 
is now the highly esteemed and useful pastor of 
the church of which Dr. Robert Boyd was pastor 
emeritus until his death. Thoroughly educated, 
fully consecrated to the work of the ministry, sound 
in his views of truth, and the pastor of one of the 
best churches in Wisconsin, Mr. Leslie has before 
him a bright and most promising future. 

Lester, James S., was born in Virginia ; is now 
over eighty years old ; was a soldier against the In- 
dians and Mexicans in Texas in 1842 ; was a mem- 
ber of the convention and signed the declaration of 
independence of Texas, March 2, 1836 ; has been a 
consistent Baptist all his life ; a trustee of and 
liberal contributor to the endowment of Baylor 
University ; joined the Baptist church in Texas at 
an early age, and lives now among his old friends 
in the enjoyment of their warm regard. He is one 
of the remarkable men of Texas. 

Letters of Dismission are granted to members 
to unite with other churches of the same faith and 
gospel order. A letter of dismission is only a rec- 
ommendation to the brother in whose favor it is 
granted. No church is obliged to receive it or him. 
It is found by experience that a letter should always 
be addressed to a particular church. General letters 
are unfavorable to permanent church relations. The 
letter is wisely limited in time, expiring in three, 
six, or twelve months. Until the acceeptance of the 
letter by another church the person in whose favor 
it has been issued retains his membership in the 
church granting it unless a by-law provides other- 
wise. Authority to unite with another church ceases 
when the date of limitation in the letter is passed. 
According to Baptist usage the applicant for a letter 
should pay his church dues, if he is able, before he 
receives it. After receiving his letter of dismission, 
if he changes his mind about uniting with another 
community, he should return the letter to the 
church or its clerk. While retaining the letter, and 
before its date of limitation is reached, though still 
a member of the church, he should not vote at 
church meetings or take any part in the regular 
business of the church. 

Every Baptist has a right to obtain a letter to 
unite with a regular Baptist church unless there is 
a charge against him. And this privilege, it is 
believed, would be sustained by the civil courts. 
And for the same reason, if a member is excluded 



LEVERETT 



687 



LEVERING 



from a church contrary to its by-laws, or, if it has 
none, against the usages of the denomination, the 
courts would order his restoration. An English 
authority recently makes the following statement 
on this question : " The courts say to a church, chapel, 
company, club, or partnership, Make what contract 
you please, but when the agreement is made we will 
see that it is kept^ There is no reason to doubt 
but that this is the law in every State of the Union 
for every association, secular and religious, legally 
holding real estate. When a member asks for a 
letter, and there is no accusation against him before 
the disciplinary committee or the church, unless 
some grave breach of duty has been committed no 
charge should be brought then. Baptist usage re- 
quires the clerk of a church receiving a letter to 
notify the church granting it that the brother com- 
mended by it has been received into fellowship. 
Regular Baptist churches do not grant letters of 
dismission to Pedobaptist religious communities. 
Neither do they receive letters from these bodies 
except as testimonials. 

Form of a Letter of Dismission. 
The Baptist church of to the Baptist 

church of 

Dear Brethren: 

This is to certify that is a member with 

us in good standing and full fellowship ; and at his 
own request he is hereby dismissed from us to 
unite with you. AVhen received by you his con- 
nection with us will cease. 

By order of the church. 

, Church Clerk. 

This letter will be valid for six months. 

Leverett, Prof. Warren, was born Dec. 19, 
1805 ; he and his twin-brother. Prof Washington 
Leverett, are sons of William and Lydia (Fuller) 
Leverett, of Brookline, Mass. At the age of fourteen 
the two brothers went to live with Samuel Griggs, 
Esq., a brother of Mrs. Leverett's second husband, 
a farmer residing in Rutland, Vt.' Here they re- 
mained until they reached their majority. In the 
mean time they had experienced conversion, and 
leaving the home in Vermont that they might pur- 
sue study under the direction of their eldest brother. 
Rev. William Leverett, of Roxbury, they united 
with the Baptist church in Cambridgeport. Sep- 
tember, 1828, they entered Brown University, 
graduating in 1832. For a time the brothers were 
separated, Washington becoming one of the faculty 
of Columbian College, Washington, D. C, and 
Warren being compelled by broken health to travel, 
though engaged occasionally in teaching. He re- 
moved to the West and opened a school in Green- 
ville, 111, and successfully carried it on for a year 
and a half, when he removed to Upper Alton, be- 
coming connected with Shurtleff College, and re- 



maining in that service until 1868. He died at 
Upper Alton in November, 1872. Prof. Leverett's 
department in ShurtleflF College was that of ancient 
languages, in which studies he was a thorough, pro- 
ficient, and an admirable instructor. While a mem- 
ber of the church in Cambridgeport he was licensed 
as a preacher, and frequently during his life offi- 
ciated as such with much acceptance. 

Leverett, Washington, LL.D.— -Some account 

of the early life of Washington Leverett, professor 
in Shurtleff College during so many years, is given 
in connection with the notice of his twin-brother, 
Prof Warren Leverett. Washington Leverett, 
after two years spent as teacher in Brown Univer- 
sity, and in Columbian College, Washington, D. C, 
entered at Newton, where he graduated in 1836. 
Receiving at that time a call to the chair of Mathe- 
matics and Natural Philosophy in Shurtleff Col 
lege, he accepted it, and removing to Illinois en- 
tered at once upon his duties. This post of service 
he continued to fill with marked acceptance for 
thirty-two years, resigning it in 1868. Since that 
date he has continued his connection with the col- 
lege as a member of the boat-d of trustees, and as 
librarian and treasurer. It is justly written of him 
that " as a teacher he was eminently successful, and 
possessed a thoroughness of scholarship and real 
worth that never failed to command the respect of 
his pupils, and which has endeared him to a large 
circle of warm friends." 

Levering-, Judge Charles, associate judge of 
the Circuit Court of Allen Co., 0., was a lineal de- 
scendant of Wigard Levering, one of the pioneer 
settlers of Roxborough, in Philadelphia County, 
who emigrated to this country from Germany in 
1685. 

He was born in Roxborough township, Dec. 8, 
1782. 

Mr. Levering received the common rudiments 
of an English education at the district school of his 
native place. 

In 1805 he indulged a hope in Christ, and was 
baptized into the fellowship of the Roxborough 
Baptist church, of which he was elected deacon 
March 24, 1821. 

On Sept. 24, 1812, he was married to Esther 
Levering, eldest daughter of Deacon Anthony ■ 
Levering, of Roxborough, a most estimable Chris- 
tian wife and mother. 

Mr. Levering was a patriot, and during the war 
of 1812-14, although he was major of a regiment, 
yet when he found his command was not to be 
ordered into active service until after six months, 
he enlisted as a private in the Roxborough Volun- 
teers, of which company he subsequently became 
captain. 

In 1822 he removed into the district of South- 
wark, and united with the Third church ; subse- 



LEVERING 



LEVERING 



quently he joined the Second church, during the 
pastorate of the Rev. Thomas J. Kitts. 

In 1835, Mr. Levering removed to Allen, now 
Auglaize Co., 0., soon after which he was appointed 




JUDGE CHARLES LEVERING. 

associate judge of the Circuit Court for that county, 
■which position he held for several years. 

He was active in everything pertaining to the 
success of our denomination. He was a constitu- 
ent member and deacon of the Amanda and Wa- 
paukoneta churches, and held the office of deacon 
in the latter until his death, which occurred March 
14, 1860. His remains lie in a country church- 
yard, on the State road, about five miles north of 
Wapaukoneta, the county seat of Auglaize Co., 0. 

Levering, Eugene, Sr., was born in Baltimore, 
Md., April 24, 1819. He traced his family for seven 
generations to Rosier Levering, born probably in 
France about 1600, who fled to Holland or Ger- 
many on account of religious persecutions, and 
married Elizabeth Van De Walle, of Wesel, West- 
phalia. They had two sons, — Wigard and Gehard. 
The former, Eugene's ancestor, was born at Gamen, 
Westphalia, about 1648, and married, in 1671, 
Magdalene Biiker. In 1685, accompanied by his 
wife and their four children, he came to America 
and settled at Germantown, Pa. In 1692 he 
removed to Roxborough, where he bought 500 
acres of land. AVigard and his wife had ten chil- 
dren. Their son William, of the third generation, 
was born at Mulheim, in Germany, May 4, 1677, 
and came to America with his parents. He died 
in 1746, leaving five children. The eldest, Wil- 



liam, of the fourth generation, was born at Rox- 
borough, August, 1705. He married. May 2, 1732, 
Hannah Clement. He built the first hotel at Rox- 
borough, now known as the " Leverington," which 
he carried on together with blacksmithing and 
farming, his farm embracing 250 acres. He died 
March 30, 1774. The first school-house in Rox- 
borough was built through his exertions, and he 
gave the ground for it in 1748. It is now called 
" The Levering Primary School." William and 
Hannah had nine children, one of whom, Enoch, 
of the fifth generation, was born in Roxborough, 
Feb. 21, 1742. After conducting his large tannery 
there for many years, he removed to Baltimore, 
Md., between the years 1773 and 1775. Here he 
entered extensively into the grocery business. He 
married Mary Righter, and died aged fifty-four. 
They had nine sons. Peter was the first-born. 
Enoch's brother, Nathan, born in Roxborough, May 
19, 1745, gave the lot on which the Roxborough 
Baptist church is built, and superintended its erec- 
tion. This church, of which he was a constituent 
member, met at his residence prior to the erection 
of their house of worship. He also gave the ground 
for their cemetery. He was father-in-law to H. G. 
Jones, D.D., son of Rev. David Jones, A.M., a 
famous Revolutionary chaplain. Hon. H. G. Jones, 
the son of Dr. Jones, is the author of " A Genea- 




logical Account" of the Levering family, from which 
many of the facts of this article are taken. Peter, 
of the sixth generation, was born in Roxborough, 
Feb. 14. 1766, and removed to Baltimore with his 



LEVERING 



689 



LEVY 



parents, where he became engaged in the shipping 
and commission business. He married, May 22, 
1798, Hannah, only daughter of William Wilson, 
of the firm of William Wilson & Sons, one of the 
most extensive shipping-houses of Baltimore. They 
both were members of the First Baptist church. 
Mr. Levering united with it late in life, but was a 
prominent member of the congregation, and his 
house was headquarters for the denomination. He 
died Dec. 7,1843. They had fourteen children, 
Eugene being the twelfth, and the 455th descendant 
of Rosier Levering. He was born in Baltimore, 
April 24, 1819. After spending some years in 
preparation in private schools in Baltimore, he 
went to college, but his health compelled him to 
relinquish his intention. At an early age he was 
converted, and united with the First Baptist church, 
of which he became a most useful member. Sub- 
sequently he became a valued member of the Sev- 
enth Baptist church, Richard Fuller, D.D., pastor, 
of whom he was an intimate friend. He was for 
many years the treasurer of the Maryland Baptist 
Union Association. He married, Oct. 4, 1842, Ann, 
daughter of Joshua and Mary E. Walker, of Balti- 
more, and a descendant of Henry Sater, who came 
from England in 1709, and through whose libei'ality 
and efforts the first Baptist church in Maryland 
was formed. They had twelve children, nine of 
whom are now living. In 1842 he commenced 
business, in partnership with his brother, Frederick 
A., who married Martha E. Johnson, grandniece 
of the first governor of Maryland. Levering & Co. 
soon became a leading house in their business, and 
not only established for themselves an enviable 
reputation, but also added much to the prosperity 
of Baltimore. In 1861, when the war began, owing 
to their extensive trade with the Southern States, 
where they were unable to collect their debts, they 
were compelled to suspend and to compromise with 
all their creditors for fifty cents on the dollar. But 
near the close of the war, so successful and con- 
scientious were they, that they paid the entire ob- 
ligation, from which they had been legally released, 
with interest, amounting to nearly $100,000. In 
1866, upon the death of his brother, Eugene took 
into partnership with him his sons William T., 
Eugene, and Joshua. The house took a position at 
the head of their special trade, and has been greatly 
instrumental in making Baltimore second in im- 
portance in their branch of business in the United 
States. Mr. Levering died, after an illness of four 
months, in June, 1870. He left $30,000 to chari- 
table and religious objects. He made his three 
sons his executors, and left them in charge of the 
business. The present firm, composed of his sons 
William T., Eugene, Joshua, and Leonidas, suc- 
ceeded the old firm in January, 1875, upon the set- 
tlement of their father's estate. It is the largest 



house in their business in Baltimore, and the third 
or fourth in the United States. Eugene is presi- 
dent of the National Bank of Commerce. Following 
in the footsteps of their fathers, the sons are living 
for Christ, being active in church and denomina- 
tional matters, and being also among the largest 
contributors to the cause of Christ in the Baptist 
denomination North or South. Mr. Levering's 
widow survives him. She and her children — eight 
sons, one daughter, and four daughters-in-law — are 
all members of the Eutaw Place Baptist church. 
These children are left to testify by their worth of 
character and their noble deeds to the true princi- 
ples and exalted reputation of their parents. 

Levering, Franklin, was born in Baltimore, 
March 9, 1811. He united in early life with the 
First Baptist church in Baltimore. He removed 
to Clark Co., Mo., and united with Fox River 
church, and organized the first Sabbath-school in 
the county. In 1843 he located at Hannibal, and 
entered upon mercantile pursuits. He was a suc- 
cessful business man, and a zealous Christian, given 
to hospitality. His house was the home of visiting 
ministers. He united with the chui-ch in Hannibal, 
and was clerk, deacon, and Sabbath -school super- 
intendent. The last ofiice he held twenty-six years. 

He left his children the heritage of an unblem- 
ished character, and was held in the highest esteem 
as a citizen. He died July 26, 1870, and was deeply 
mourned in the church and in the community. His 
daily life exemplified the beauty of holiness. AVhen 
dying he was asked if he wanted anything, he 
shook his head and replied, " Jesus is coming." 
When asked if he had any message to leave, he 
said, " Live holy lives." 

Levy, Edgar Mortimer, D.D., was born in St. 
Mary's, Ga., Nov. 23, 1822; was converted when 
thirteen years of age, and united with the Presby- 
terian Church. After pursuing studies for two 
years in a private classical school, he spent three 
years in the University of Pennsylvania, and studied 
theology under the late Rev. Albert Barnes ; was 
licensed to preach in 1843; became deeply inter- 
ested in the subject of baptism, and after a year of 
prayerful study, was baptized April 14, 1844, by 
Dr. G. B. Ide, of Philadelphia. In the autumn of 
1844 he was invited to supply the First West Phila- 
delphia church, and soon after became pastor. 
After fourteen years of abundant labor he accepted 
a call to the South church, Newark, N. J., where 
he remained ten years. In 1868 he returned to 
Philadelphia, and became pastor of the Berean 
church, where he still remains, and where many 
have been gathered into the church under his 
ministrations. He received the degree of D.D., in 
1865, from the university at Lewisburg. Dr. Levy 
has had much to do with the prosperity of the 
Baptist church in West Philadelphia. 



LEVY 



Levy, Capt. John P., was born in St. Mary's, 
Ga., July 25, 1809 ; learned the trade of ship- 
carpenter, and on completing his apprenticeship 
shipped as a sailor on a Liverpool packet ; was soon 
made commander of the vessel, and spent a number 
of years in seafaring life. At length he returned 
to Philadelphia, and established the well-known 
ship-building firm of Reaney, Neafie & Levy, which 
undertaking was attended with rapidly increasing 
success. In the spring of 1855 he was baptized by 
his brother. Rev. E. M. Levy, D.D., and united 
with the First church, West Philadelphia, of which 
his brother was at that time pastor. He subse- 
quently became impressed with the necessity of es- 
tablishing another interest in this rapidly growing 
section of the city, and united with others in oi-gan- 




izing the Berean church. The beautiful meeting- 
house of this church was secured mainly through his 
munificent benefactions, and was dedicated free of in- 
cumbrance -June 22, 1860. As a thank-offering for 
continued prosperity, he built an attractive parson- 
age adjoining the sanctuary, and conveyed it to the 
church, together with an annuity of -1600. Nor 
were his benefactions confined to the church of 
which he was a member. lie was a man full of 
generous impulses, and his wealth was largely 
distributed. He died at Aiken, S. C, whither he 
had gone to recruit his feeble health, Dec. 26, 1867. 
Lewis, Rev. Cadwallader, LL.D., an eminent 

scholar, and one of the most eloquent pulpit orators 
of the South, was born in Spottsylvania Co., Ya., 
Nov. 5, 1811. He was educated by his father, who 



conducted a classical school many years at Llan- 
gollen, Va., but finished his course of study, which 
was a very full one, at the University of Virginia. 
In 1831 he went to Kentucky, and taught school 
in Covington. The following year he took charge 
of the preparatory department of Georgetown Col- 
lege. In 1844 he commenced the study of medi- 
cine, but his health failed, and he located on a farm 
in Franklin County, where he has lived until the 
present time. During the same year he made a 
profession of religion, and united with Buck Run 
Baptist church, near his home. He was very 
soon after licensed to preach, and was ordained in 
1846. He was invited to take pastoral charge of 
the Baptist church at Frankfort, but his health 
would not admit of his leaving his farm. He took 
charge of country and village churches conveni- 
ent to his residence, preaching one Sunday in the 
month to each, and has thus emploj^ed himself to 
the present time, except when, in consequence of a 
crushed limb, he was unable to travel. He occupied 
the chair of Theology in Georgetown College four 
years. He is a strong, logical writer, and exercises 
a leading influence in the councils of the .denomi- 
nation in his State. 

Lewis, Rev. Charles Casson, son of Horatio 
and Betsey Lewis, was born in Stonington, Conn., 
June 8, 1807 ; became a sea-captain ; converted in 
1842 under the preaching of Rev. J. S. Swan ; 
joined Third Baptist church in Groton, Conn. ; 
began preaching at Key West, Fla., where he 
planted a church and was ordained ; afterwards 
settled with the following churches : First Groton, 
Conn. ; Lisbury, Mass. ; Second Hopkinton, Exeter, 
North Kingstown, Block Island, and Lattery Vil- 
lage, R. I. ; and Second North Stonington, Conn. ; 
from Block Island he was elected to the senate of 
Rhode Island ; was a man of fervor and power ; 
died in the pastoral office with the Second Baptist 
church of North Stonington, Conn., March 10, 
1864, in his fifty-seventh year. 

Lewis, Rev. Daniel D., was born in Barn- 
stable, Mass., July 21, 1777. He was converted in 
early life, and joined the First church in Portland, 
Me., then composed of nine members. These per- 
sons were full of the grace of Christ, and the church 
soon became numerous and widely influential. 

Mr. Lewis took charge of the church at Ipswich, 
Mass., on first entering the ministry. He was 
subsequently pastor of the Second church of Prov- 
idence, R. I., of the church in Fishkill, N. Y., in 
Frankford, Pa., in Wilmington, Del., and in Pater- 
son and Piscataway, N. J. In Piscataway he spent 
years rich in divine blessings, and from it he en- 
tered the "general assembly and church of the 
first-born,"' Sept. 25, 1849. He delivered his last 
sermon on Sunday evening, and died on the follow- 
ing Tuesday. 



LEWIS 



LEWIS 



Mr. Lewis was an able preacher, full of the Spirit 
and Word of God, and a successful pastor of the 
churches for whose welfare he labored. He healed 
church wounds, built up disciples in the glorious 
doctrines of grace, led throngs of converts to Jesus, 
and enjoyed the warm affection of large numbers. 
His memory is precious still in the churches for 
whose eternal interests he employed his time and 
talents, and his fervent prayers. 

Lewis, Rev. Geo. W., was born in Ellisburgh, 
Jefferson Co., N. Y., April 14, 1822, where he was 
baptized in March, 1833 ; ordained in Lowell, Ind., 
Jan. 18, 1866 ; labored in Indiana, Illinois, and 
Iowa; and became pastor of the Aurora Baptist 
church, Neb., in 1878. Mr. Lewis has enjoyed the 
divine blessing in his pastorates. 

Lewis, Hon. Henry Clay, of Coldwater, Mich., 
was born in Orleans Co., N. Y.. May .5, 1820. He 
has resided in Coldwater since 1844, where he has 
been engaged in business, first as a merchant and 
afterwards as a banker. He is president of the 
Coldwater National Bank, and has been mayor of 
the city. He has been a member of the Baptist 
Church nearly twenty years. He is chiefly known 
as the owner of an art-gallery, which he founded 
in 1868, which is open to the public without charge. 
It is larger than any other art-gallery on this con- 
tinent. Mr. Lewis takes great pleasure ill affording 




HON. HENIiV CLAY LEWIS. 



enjoyment to other.^;, and has made his gallei-y, in 
its surroundings as well as in itself, beautiful and 
attractive, and a most important element in the 
educational influences of the city of Coldwater. 



Lewis, Prof. John J., A.M., was born in Utica, 
N. Y., Dec. 25, 1843, of Welsh Congregational par- 
entage ; entered the grammar school of Madison. 
University in 1859; entered Madison University, 
and afterwards Hamilton College (Clinton), and 
was there graduated in 1864 ; Professor of Belles- 
Lettres and Elocution in Brooklyn Collegiate and 
Polytechnic Institute from 1864 to 1866. In the 
fall of 1866 he removed to Syracuse, and began^ 
preaching in a small mission chapel; was settled 
March, 1867, as pastor of First Baptist church, 
Syracuse ; was very successful, the increase in six- 
teen months being over 140. In 1868 he became- 
Professor of Belles-Lettres in Madison University, 
which position he still retains, to the great satis- 
faction of students, alumni, and friends of the in- 
stitution ; has contributed largely to the press, 
many of his articles being founded on his travels 
in -Japan, Burmah, India, and the Orient. 

Lewis, Rev. John W., one of the most distin- 
guished Baptist ministers of North Georgia, M'as born 
near Spartanburg, S. C, Feb. 1, 1801. Educated 
at a classical academy near Spartanburg, he studied 
and practised medicine at Greenville, S. C, becom- 
ing a skillful and popular physician. He united 
with the Baptist church of that town. During the- 
years 1830 and 1831 he was a member of the South 
Carolina Legislature. About that time he began 
to preach, and was ordained in 1832. He removed 
to Canton, Ga., in 1839 or 1840, becoming pastor 
of that and other churches in Cherokee, Ga., and 
acquiring a great influence. He was a preacher of 
much force and enei'gy ; a strong and bold defender 
of the faith ; an able expounder of the AYord. and 
an eloquent advocate of the truth. A man of fine 
practical sense, he had a strong mind, and was a 
deep, original thinker. He had a benevolent heart, 
and was steadfast in his friendships. He had ex- 
traordinary forecast, and managed business matters 
with great ability and success. In 1857 he was 
appointed superintendent of the State road by Gov. 
Brown, and his management was eminently suc- 
cessful. During the war he served in the Congress 
of the Confederate States, as Senator, with great 
ability, and previous to the war he served in 
the State senate, and was instrumental in the es- 
tablishment of the Supreme Court of Georgia. His 
character stood extraordinarily high in Georgia. 
A man of firm faith, deep piety, and unabated zeal, 
he won many souls to Jesus. After a life of great 
usefulness, he died in Cherokee County, in June,, 
1865. 

Lewis, Rev. Lester, was born in Sufiield.' 
Conn., Oct. 15, 1817 ; baptized by Rev. Henry 
Jackson, D.D., and united with First Baptist church 
in ILartford, Feb. 11, 1838 ; studied in Connecticut 
Literary Institution ; ordained pastor of the church 
in Agawam, Mass., Oct. 7, 1840 ; in 1846 began to 



LEWISBURG 



LEWISBURG 



labor for Connecticut Baptist State Convention, but 
soon settled with the church in Bristol ; in 1853 
became pastor of the church in Middletown, where, 
after great success, he died, Feb. 7, 1858; large- 
hearted, sound in the faith, a clear and forcible 
preacher, fervent in prayer, and beloved by all 
who knew him. 

Lewisburg-, Pa., the University at.— In the 

year 1845, some intelligent Baptists of the North- 
umberland Association saw the need of higher edu- 
cation for their sons and daughters, under the 
religious auspices of their own denomination. 
Their perception of this need at first took form in 
a plan for a first-class academy. The natural 
beauty, healfchfulness, and economic advantages of 
the borough of Lewisburg, in Union Co., Pa., on 
the West Branch of the Susquehanna, and in the 
geographical centre of the State, determined the 
location of the school in that village. Through the 
Rev. Eugenio Kincaid and the Rev. J. E. Bradley, 
Stephen W. Taylor, who had recently resigned his 
professorship in Madison University, became en- 
listed in the new enterprise. Under the principal- 
ship of Prof. Taylor, assisted by his son, Alfred 
Taylor, A.M., and I. N. Loomis, A.M., a school 
was opened in the fall of 1846 in the basement of 
the Baptist church, since destroyed. 

Prof. Taylor combined prophetic insight with 
the powers of a rare teacher, and saw in the new 
school the germ of a university. Others approved 
the project of founding at Lewisburg such an in- 
stitution as would meet the higher educational de- 
mands of the whole State. A charter incorporating 
" The University at Lewisburg, Pa.," was approved 
on the 5th day of February, 1846, with the follow- 
ing trustees: James Moore, James Moore, Jr., 
Joseph Meireell, William H. Ludwig, Samuel 
Wolfe, Levi B. Christ, Henry Funk, Joel E. Brad- 
ley, Eugenio Kincaid, Benjamin Bear, AVilliam 
W. Keen, William Bucknell, Thomas Wattson, 
James M. Linnard, Lewis Vastine, Oliver Black- 
burn, Caleb Lee, Daniel L. Moore. 

It was provided in the charter that ground should 
be purchased and buildings erected when $100,000 
had been raised, that a fourth part should be per- 
manently invested in a productive form, that the 
property should not be mortgaged or debt incurred 
under any pretext whatever, that no misnomer 
should defeat or annul a grant or bequest, and that 
ten acres of ground with improvements should be 
exempt from taxation. The management was 
committed to two boards : 1st, a board of trustees, 
not to exceed twenty members, all of whom must 
be Baptists ; and, 2d, a board of curators, not to 
exceed forty members, the majority of whom must 
be Baptists. Both boards are self-perpetuating. 

The subscription of $100,000 was declared to be se- 
cured on the 17th day of July, 1849, through the ef- 



forts of Drs. Eugenio Kincaid and William Shadi'ach, 
who traversed the State soliciting funds. Previous 
to this a tract of land to the south of the borough of 
Lewisburg, including a fine hill of nearly a hundred 
feet elevation, covered with a beautiful natural 
grove, and commanding extended views over river 
and valley, had been secured for the university. In 
1848 an academy building was begun and nearly 
completed. In January, 1849, the trustees felt justi- 
fied in electing professors for the college, and in 
commencing a college building. Two graduates 
of Madison University, the Rev. G. W. Anderson, 
A.M., editor of the Christian Chronicle, of Phila- 
delphia, and the Rev. G. R. Bliss, of New Bruns- 
wick, N. J., were appointed, respectively, to the 
chairs of Latin and Greek. Both soon afterwards 
began their labors, the students of the academy 
and the college, consisting of both sexes, reciting 
together in the academy building, Prof. Taylor still 
acting as principal. 

In 1851 the west wing of the college building 
was completed, and the college students moved into 
dormitories and studies regarded at the time as 
" unsurpassed in pleasantness by those of any in- 
stitution." In the spring of this year Prof. Taylor 
resigned his position to accept the presidency of 
Madison University, but remained to preside at the 
first Commencement, August 20, 1851, when a class 
of seven was graduated in the chapel of the acad- 
emy. It is but just to the memory of this good 
man and great teacher to quote the words of a co- 
worker who knew him well: "Without him it is 
almost certain that our university would never have 
existed, and existing in an essential measure by his 
agency, it is well for us that that agency was not 
only earnest, benevolent, laborious, and pious, but 
also in the main judicious and beneficial." 

The Rev. Howard Ma-lcora, D.D., of Philadelphia, 
an alumnus of Princeton, and ex-president of 
Georgetown College, had been chosen president of 
the university, and Charles S. James, A.M., a 
graduate of Brown, and Alfred Taylor, A.M., a 
graduate of Madison, were added to the faculty of 
the college, the former as Professor of Mathematics 
and Natural Philosophy, and the latter as Professor 
of Belles-Lettres. With these additions began the 
collegiate year 1851-52. The. college now became 
a distinct department of the university, the academy 
became gradually a preparatory school for boys 
only, while, in 1852, the " University Female In- 
stitute" became a separate department. A theo- 
logical department was added in 1855. From this 
point, therefore, we may consider the departments 
separately. 

THE COLLEGE. 

The presidency of Dr. Malcom continued from 
1851 to 1857, during which the college building was 
completed, consisting of a main building 80 feet 




THE UNIVERSITY AT LEWISBURG, PA. 



LEWISBURG 



LEWISBURG 



square, of three stories, for recitation-rooms, chapel, 
society halls, library, cabinet, and Commencement 
Hall, and two wings, each 120 feet long and 35 feet 
wide, of four stories, for students' study-rooms and 
dormitories. In 1852 the sum of $45,000 was added 
to the funds by a few friends without a general 
■canvass. About $20,000 were received from lands 
sold from the original campus, leaving finally about 
twenty-six acres as university grounds. 

Thus established, the college began a work of 
incalculable value to the intellectual and spiritual 
progress of the denomination in Pennsylvania. On 
the resignation of President Malcom, in 1857, the 
Rev. Justin R. Loomis, Ph.D., who had been called 
from Waterville, Me., in 1854, to fill the chair 
of Natural Sciences, succeeded him as president. 
Paring twenty-five years President Loomis devoted 
his best energies to the work of building up the 
college, and establishing the youth who came under 
his moulding hand in the principles of a deep 
Christian philosophy. The invasion of Pennsyl- 
vania by Lee's army, in 1863, caused the closing 
■of the college during a campaign of six weeks, 
officers and students uniting to form Company A 
of the 28th Regiment of Pa. V6ls. A memorial 
tablet in Commencement Hall commemorates the 
names of those who fell in the war for the Union. 
In 1864, President Loomis increased the funds of 
the university by collecting subscriptions amounting 
to $100,000. In 1876 an attempt was made to se- 
cure additional endowment, but owing to other 
interests in the field the efibrt was abandoned after 
about $20,000 had been promised, mostly in private 
subscriptions offered by a few liberal friends. 

In 1879, President Loomis resigned the presi- 
dency, and Prof. David J. Hill, A.M., a graduate 
of the college, and at the time of his appointment 
Crozer Professor of Rhetoric, was chosen president 
of the university, a position which he still occupies. 

The following were presidents and acting presi- 
dents from the foundation of the college to the 

year 1880 : 

PRESIDENTS. 
Elected. Resigned. 

1851. Kev. Howard Malcom, D.D., Ll.D 1857 

1857. Rev. Justiu R. Loomis, Ph.D., LL.D 1879 

1879. Kev. David J. Hill, A.M. 

ACTING PRESIDENTS. 
Stephen W. Taylor, LL.D., prior to 1851. 
Rev. Geo. R. Bliss, D.D., LL.D., during 1871-72. 
Rev. FranciB W. Tustin, Ph.D., for six months in 1879. 

The university has an endowment of $121,000, 
and property worth $117,000, and an effort is now 
started by which its endowment is certain to be 
greatly increased. The institution has no debts. 

The college is now in possession of a fine library 
of nearly 10,000 volumes, a museum of about 
10,000 specimens for the illustration of the sciences, 
a chemical laboratory and apparatus. There are 



two flourishing literary societies with libraries of 
their own. They publish a monthly journal called 
The College Herald. There is also a " Society for 
Moral and Religious Inquiry." There are two 
prizes for preparation for college and one for ex- 
cellence in oratory in the Junior year. Tuition is 
free to the sons of ministers. The expenses range 
from $125 to $250 per annum. 

The courses of study have expanded greatly since 
the opening of the college, as shown in compara- 
tive tables published in " A Historical Sketch of 
the University at Lewisburg," edited by 0. W. 
Spratt, LL.B., in 1876, and printed by the Society 
of Alumni. There are now two courses leading to 
a degree : (1) The classical course, of four years, 
leading to the degree of A.B., and (2) the Latin 
scientific course, leading to the degree of S.B. Both 
courses have been brought up to the standard of 
the best Eastern colleges, and have recently given 
some scope to the optional element. Anglo-Saxon, 
American literature, comparative zoology, analyt- 
ical chemistry, and constitutional law have been 
added to both courses. A good collection of en- 
gravings, heliotypes, and casts has stimulated the 
study of the fine arts, and illustrated lectures are 
given to the Senior class. Lectures on Grecian 
history, life, and literature ; Roman history, life, 
and literature ; mediaeval history ; English history 
and literature ; the history of philosophy ; natural 
theology ; and the evidences of Christianity are 
regularly delivered. The introduction of a short 
course of lectures on practical ethics and hygiene 
for the Freshman class is beliered to be distinctively 
peculiar to this college. The government is thus 
based on ethical ideas, and so far has proved that 
an appeal to manhood develops it and secures self- 
government. 

The graduates of the college number 322. Hon- 
orary degrees have been bestowed as follows : 
LL.D., 12: D.D., 36 ; Ph.D., 10; A.M., 52. 

Since 1851, when the first class was graduated, 
important changes bearing upon the prosperity of 
the college have gradually taken place. The Phil- 
adelphia and Erie Railroad runs within one mile 
of Lewisburg, and the Lewisburg and Tyrone Rail- 
road passes thi-ough it. The town is lighted with 
gas, and contains several miles of well-paved side- 
walks. A new church edifice, costing nearly 
$60,000, has been built by the Baptists. The 
natural beauty of the place has been enhanced by 
these improvements, yet it remains a quiet, moral, 
and rural retreat admirably adapted to the seclusion 
which thorough study demands for the young. 

THE INSTITUTE. 
This department of the university began its sep- 
arate organization as a school in 1852, under the 
principalship of Miss Hadassah E. Scribner, of 



LEWISBURG 



LIBERIA 



Maine, who retained lier position for two years. 
In 1854 two young ladies, the first class of the in- 
stitute, were graduated. At this time all the teach- 
ers resigned, and Miss Amanda Taylor, of Easton, 
Pa., with a new corps of assistants, undertook the 
work. Strong prejudices existed in the community 
against the liberal education of women, but this 
was gradually overcome by persistent effort, and in 
1858 fifteen young ladies were graduated in the 
presence of an audience of 1500 people. Since 
then classes ranging from ten to twenty have been 
graduated every year. In 1857 six acres of a 
beautiful grove were appropriated for a suitable 
building on the university grounds. The building 
is pleasantly and healthfully located, Avarmed with 
furnaces, and lighted with gas, and it will accom- 
modate ninety boarders. In 1869 a wing was 
added, at the cost of 810,000, containing rooms for 
students and a large gymnasium, which has been 
suitably fitted up. 

In 1863, Miss Taylor resigned, and was suc- 
ceeded by Miss Lucy W. Rundell, of Alden, N. Y. 
She continued her work ably until 1869, when she 
was succeeded by Miss Harriet E. Spratt, daughter 
of the Rev. Geo. M. Spratt, D.D., and a graduate 
of the institute. This rare Christian woman had 
already spent fourteen years in the school as a 
teacher. She continued as principal until the Com- 
mencement of 1878. A few months later she ended 
a career of extraordinary usefulness by death, 
having been made Emeritus lady principal after 
her resignation. For twenty-four years her life 
was devoted to the successive classes of young 
women that passed through the institute, and hun- 
dreds mourned for her as for a sister. 

In 1878, Jonathan Jones, A.M., was elected prin- 
cipal, a position which he now holds. The institute 
is provided with an able corps of instructors, who 
live in the institute building and make it a school 
home. There are five courses of study, ranging 
from a preparatory English course to a full classical 
collegiate course. The young ladies recite in their 
own building, apart from the young gentlemen, but 
attend the lectures of the college, enjoy the use of 
the library and museum, and witness the experi- 
ments of the professor of natural sciences. There 
are excellent advantages for instruction in music, 
drawing, crayoning, and painting. The graduates 
number 293. 

THE ACADEMY. 

When, in 1849, the college emerged into a dis- 
tinct department of the university, the academy 
was intrusted to the principalship of Isaac N. 
Loomis, A.M., sharing the new academy building 
with the college. This arrangement continued 
until the college building was completed, II. D. 
Walker, A.M., succeeding Principal Loomis in 
1853, and George Yeager, A.M., following in 1857. 



Isaac C. Wynn, A.M., became principal in 1859, 
and in January, 1860, the academy building being 
used then solely for that department, it was fitted 
up for a boarding-school for boys and young men. 
Until 1868 the academy embraced the classical pre- 
paratory classes of the university, but in that year 
"The Classical Preparatory Department" was or- 
ganized, with Freeman Loomis, A.M., as principal, 
the academy being confined to English branches 
only. This arrangement continued, the English 
academy having in the mean time a succession of 
separate principals, until 1878, when the depart- 
ments were reunited under the principalship of 
William E. Martin, A.M. •' The Classical Prepar- 
atory Department,'" from 1868 to 1878, was estab- 
lished in the west wing of the college building. 

The academy, as reorganized in 1878, is a thor- 
ough English and classical school, designed to pre- 
pare young men for college, for business, or for 
teaching in the common schools. The students 
have access to the college library and reading-room. 
When prepared they are admitted to the college 
upon the certificate of the principal, without exam- 
ination. Special attention is given to English and 
commercial branches. Many improvements have 
been made in the building, rendering it a pleasant 
home for boys. Students of small means are al- 
lowed to board in clubs, which reduces their ex- 
penses considerably. 

THE THEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. 

The charter of the university permits the estab- 
lishment of any professional school by the corpo- 
ration. A school of theology, however, is the only 
department of .this kind so far attempted. This 
was opened in 1855 under the charge of Thomas 
F. Curtis, D.D., and continued during thirteen 
years. On the resignation of Prof. Curtis, in 1865, 
the school was reorganized, with Lemuel Moss, 
D.D., as Professor of Theology, and Lucius E. 
Smith, D.D., as Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and 
Pastoral Theology, Geo. R. Bliss, D.D., being con- 
tinued as Professor of Biblical Interpretation. In 
1868 the department was removed to Upland, Pa., 
and reorganized by the family of the late John P. 
Crozer as " The Crozer Theological Seminary," 
under a new corporation, but still retaining a close 
connection with the university at Lewisburg, whose 
graduates supply its classes in a large measure. 
While at Lewisburg the department enrolled 38 
graduates. These have been received and enrolled 
among the alumni of the Crozer Seminary. 

Liberia. — The people of Liberia are of the 
African race, by the way of the United States. 
They are very enterprising, and there is reason to 
believe that the providence of God designs to ac- 
complish great spiritual good for the country of 
their fathers through their instrumentality. There 



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are 26 Baptist churches in the republic "with a mem- 
bership of about 2000. At the last meeting of " The 
Liberia Baptist Association," in December, 1879, 
a considerable amount of prosperity among the 
churches was reported. The Providence church in 
Monrovia had received 56 by baptism, the Arthing- 
ton church 24, and the First church in Edina 39 ; 
275 baptisms were reported for the year. 

At the annual meeting of the Liberia Baptist 
Association the members agreed to form another 
Association and a national organization. 

Liberty, American Religious.— Much has 
been said and written about the originator of our 
religious freedom. Some have zealously claimed 
Lord Baltimore as its author. This nobleman was 
a Roman Catholic, and on that account a large 
amount of very clear evidence is necessary to estab- 
lish his right to this honor. He was a talented 
man, with many of the qualities of a statesman. 
He knew that the English people in 1633, when 
his first settlers left their country for the New 
World, would never tolerate a colony in the British 
dominions where the Protestant religion was ex- 
cluded, and, as a matter of absolute necessity, he 
had to permit its existence in Maryland. He 
deserved no credit for showing common sense. 
His first settlers were Catholics, and to them his 
colony appealed for recruits ; and nothing in the 
history of Maryland shows him to be an unselfish 
friend of religious liberty. He simply appears as 
a yielding statesman bending to the necessities of 
the times. 

John Leeds Bozman's "History of Maryland" 
was published by the General Assembly of that 
State in 1837. It is derived largely from " the 
written memorials which then existed in -the public 
archives of the State," to which the author had free 
access, and it bears the authority of the government 
of Maryland. In 1639, Bozman says, " A very 
short bill was introduced into the house (the Legis- 
lature), entitled 'An act for church liberties,' and 
was expressed nearly in the following words : 
^Hohj Church within this province shall have all 
her rights, liberties, and immunities safe, whole, 
and inviolable in all things.' When we reflect on 
the original causes of their emigration (the col- 
onists of Maryland), we cannot but suppose that it 
was the intention of those in whose hands the gov- 
ernment of the province was, a majority of whom 
were without doubt Catholics, as well as much the 
greater number of the colonists, to erect a hier- 
archy, with an ecclesiastical jurisdiction similar to 
the ancient Church of England beforethe Reforma- 
tiony* "Holy Church" is the Catholic Church, 
and this was but the entering wedge of a Romish 
persecuting religious establishment. 

* History of Maryland, ii. 107-9. 



Another bill of the same session provided, that 
" eating flesh in time of Lent, or on other days, 
Wednesdays excepted, wherein it is prohibited by 
the law of England, without case of infirmity, to be 
allowed by the judge; and the offender shall for- 
feit to the lord proprietary five pounds of tobacco, 
or one shilling sterling, for every such oiFence."t 
This is liberty of conscience at the expense of a 
shilling, or five pounds of tobacco, for each indul- 
gence in such freedom. In 1640, Bozman says, 
" The first of the acts passed at this session, entitled 
' An act for church liberty,' is nearly verbatim the 
same as the first section of the second act of the 
preceding session;" J that is, that "Holy Church 
within this province shall have all her rights, liber- 
ties, and immunities safe, whole, and inviolable in 
all things;" and the Catholics of Maryland would 
probably have given force to their law, and erected 
a persecuting popish established church in their 
colony, if they had not heard the commencing 
thunder that roared with such fury a little later at 
Marston Moor and Naseby. Their church act was 
the second of the preceding Legislature, and the 
first of this, showing their great earnestness on the 
subject. 

Cromwell wrought wonders in England ; the 
Church was completely overthrown, Satan was 
as popular in Great Britain as a Catholic, and 
Lord Baltimore, certain to lose his province un- 
less he suited his sails to the fierce hurricane 
then raging, at once appointed a Protestant gov- 
ei-nor (Stone) instead of Gov. Greene, a Catholic ; 
he also appointed a Protestant secretary of the 
province and a Protestant majority in the council. 
Bozman, speaking of the change, says, " In this 
measure of his lordship we discern the commence- 
ment of that general toleration of all sects of re- 
ligion which prevailed under the early provincial 
government of Maryland."^ No principle of tol- 
eration required Baltimore to place Protestants at 
the head of his government. He certainly did not 
love Protestantism at this very time, for he required 
Gov. Stone to take the following as a part of his 
official oath : " And I do further swear that I will 
not, by myself nor any person directly or indirectly, 
trouble, molest, or discountenance any person what- 
soever in the said province professing to believe in 
Jesus Christ, and in particular no Roman Catholic 
for or in respect of his or her religion, nor in his 
or her free exercise thereof within the said prov- 
ince^W A councillor had to take the same oath. 
It certainly was not love for the men or their re- 
ligion that led Baltimore to make his new appoint- 
ments. It was " an enlightened measure of state 
policy" to save his province from Cromwell. 

With this change in the rulers of Maryland his 



t Idem, 137. 
I Idem, 336. 



J Idem, 174. 

II Idem, 648, note Ixi. 



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LIBERTY 



lordship proposed, and his Legislature enacted, a 
law with the following clauses in it : " Whatsoever* 
person or persons within this province and the 
islands thereunto belonging shall from henceforth 
blaspheme God, that is, curse him, or shall deny 
our Saviour Jesus Christ to be the Son of God, or 
shall deny the Holy Trinity, the Father, Son, and 
Holy Ghost, or the Godhead of any of the said three 
persons of the Trinity, or the unity of the Godhead, 
or shall use or utter any reproachful speeches, 
words, or language concerning the Holy Trinity, 
or any of the said three persons thereof, shall be 
punished with death and confiscation or forfeiture 
of all his or her land and goods to the lord pro- 
prietary and his heirs." " Whatsoever person or 
persons shall from henceforth use or utter any 
reproachful words or speeches concerning the blessed 
Virgin Mary, the mother of our Saviour, or the holy 
apostles or evangelists, or any of them, shall in 
such case for the first offence forfeit to the said lord 
proprietary, and his heirs lords proprietaries of 
this province, the sum of £5 sterling, or the value 
thereof, to be levied on the goods and chattels of 
every such person so offending ; but in case such 
offender or offenders shall not then have goods and 
chattels sufficient for the satisfying of such forfeit- 
ure, or that the same be not otherwise speedily satis- 
fied, then such offender or offenders shall be publicly 
whipped, and be imprisoned during the pleasure of 
the Im-d proprietary, or the lieutenant or chief gov- 
ernor of this province." For the second offense 
the fine is £10, or a public and severe whipping, 
and imprisonment as for the first. For the third 
offense, the forfeiture of all lands and goods, and 
expulsion from the province. A subsequent part of 
the same law says, " Except as in the act is before 
declared and set forth, no person or persons what- 
soever within this province, or the islands, ports, 
harbors, creeks, or havens thereunto belonging, 
professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from 
henceforth be anyways troubled, molested, or dis- 
countenanced for or in respect of his or her religion, 
nor in the free exercise thereof within this province, 
or the islands thereunto belonging, nor any way 
compelled to the belief or exercise of any other re- 
ligion against his or her consent." The penalty 
for breaking this enactment is " treble damages to 
the party wronged," and a fine of 20s. ; and in 
case of failure to pay the fine, a severe public 
whipping, and imprisonment at the pleasure of 
the proprietary or his governor. This is the cele- 
brated toleration law of Lord Baltimore for which 
his liberality has been lauded extravagantly, and 
for which Catholics have been represented as the 
first founders of religious liberty on this continent. 
The act was passed in the end of April, 1649, and 
Charles L was executed three months before. This 



History of Maryland, 662, 663, note. 



event, and the motives that prompted it, and the 
men whom they governed, account wholly for Lord 
Baltimore's liberality. The toleration was partial 
and poor. Those who denied the Trinity — all Jews, 
Unitai-ians, and Arians — were condemned to death. 
The gallows was the liberty it gave them. Respect 
for the Virgin Mai-y was encouraged by fines and 
whippings, and, in obstinate cases, by the loss of 
all property, and by exile. There was, indeed, 
some liberty in this law, accompanied by cruel 
and wicked limitations; and for this liberty no 
thanks are due to Lord Baltimore or his Maryland 
Catholics. 

Bozman, in another workf published in 1811, 
truly says, " In most of the States the penalties of 
the common law in matters of religion still subsist. 
The bloody statutes also of some of them only sleep. 
Not being repealed, they are liable to be called up 
into action at any moment when either superstition 
or fanaticism shall perceive a convenient time for 
it. What Jew, Socinian, or Deist, possessing a 
sound mind, woidd venture, in the State of Maryland 
for instance, to open his lips in defence of his own 
religion .?" Even in 1811 the statute book of Mary- 
land contained cruel, persecuting enactments ; and 
only by asserting what is flagrantly untrue can the 
Baptist State be robbed of her just glory to bestow 
it upon the founder of Maryland, or upon his colony. 

The " Colonial Records of Rhode Island" were 
published by order of the Legislature in 1856, and 
in them we learn that Roger Williams landed on 
the site of Providence in the month of May or 
early in June, 1636, and that he and his friends 
on their "first coming thither did make an order 
that no man should be molested for his conscience," 
even though he was an Israelite, a Unitarian, or 
an infidel. .And a woman had her religious free- 
dom protected by the same law. In August, 1636, 
the celebrated compact was entered into and signed 
at Providence, by which its people " subjected 
themselves in active and passive obedience to all 
such orders or agreements as shall be made for 
public good of the body in an orderly way, by the 
major consent of the present inhabitants, masters 
of families, incorporated together in a Town fel- 
lowship, and others whom they shall admit unto 
them, in civil things only.^' No laws for favoring 
or prohibiting any form of religion were to be en- 
acted. On the 21st of May, 1637, Joshua Vei-in 
was sentenced to lose the right of voting " for re- 
straining the liberty of conscience" of his wife.J 
On the 27th of May, 1640, among certain proposals 
agreed upon at Providence to form a government, 
these words are found: "We agree, as formerly 



t A Sketch of the History of Maryland, during the Three First 
Tears after its Settlement, p. 374. Baltimore, 1811. 

X Colonial Records of Ehode Island, printed by order of the Leg- 
islature, i. 13, 14, 16. 1856. 



45 



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698 



LIBERTY 



have been the liberties of the town, so still, to hold 
forth liberty of conscience."* 

The first charter of Rhode Island was signed 
March 14, 1643, and adopted in the colony in May, 
1647. Arnold, in his " History of Rhode Island," 
truly says, " The use of the word civil is every- 
where prefixed (in the charter) to the terms ' gov- 
ernment' or ' laws' wherever they occur ... to 
restrict the operation of the charter to purely politi- 
cal concerns. In this apparent restriction there lay 
concealed a boon of freedom such as man had never 
known before. They (Rhode Islanders) held them- 
selves accountable to God alone for their religious 
creed, and no earthly power could bestow on them 
aright which they held from heaven. . . . At their 
own request their powers were limited to civil mat- 
ters.''''] The first instrument of government in the 
world's history disavowing all right to make laws 
for or against religion, and thereby giving the 
widest religious liberty, was adopted in Rhode 
Island two years before Lord Baltimore's bigoted 
toleration act was passed in Maryland. After 
making a code of laws for the civil affairs of the 
colony occur these striking words : " These are the 
laws that concern all men, and these are the penal- 
ties for the transgression thereof, which by com- 
mon consent are ratified throughout the whole 
colony ; and otherwise than thus what is herein 
forbidden {uon-7'elig ious crimes only), all men may 
walk as their consciences persuade them, every one 
in the name of his God. And let the saints of the 
Most High walk in this colony, without molesta- 
tion, in the name of Jehovah their God, for ever 
and ever,"! etc. 

Roger Williams gives a striking view of liberty 
of conscience in his letter to the town of Providence 
in 1654. " It hath fallen out," says he, " sometimes 
that both Papists and Protestants, Jews and Turks, 
may be embarked in one ship, upon which sup- 
posal I affirm that all the liberty of conscience that 
I ever pleaded for turns upon these two hinges: 
that none of the Papists, Protestants, Jews or 
Turks, be forced to come to the ship's prayers or 
worship, nor compelled from their own particular 
prayers, if they practise any."§ In the charter of 
1663, inspired by their convictions and their Bap- 
tist agent in London, it is written, "No person 
within the said colony, at any time hereafter, shall 
be anywise molested, punished, disquieted, or called 
in question for any difi"erence of opinion in matters 
of religion." II Even the Quakers, as may be seen 
in " Laws agreed upon in England by the Governor 
of Pennsylvania ("William Penn) and Divers Free- 
men thereof," restrict their legal toleration to "all 
persons who confess and acknowledge the one 

* Colonial Eecords of Khode Island, i. 28. 

t History of Khode Island, i. 200. | Idem, 201. 

2 Idem, 255. || Idem, 292. 



almighty and eternal God to be the creator, up- 
holder, and ruler of the world."** The Baptists of 
Rhode Island had no laws upon religion, the greatest 
infidel of the human race carried no legal stigma 
in that colony for his opinions from its first set- 
tlement by our Baptist fathers ; it had the only 
government in the world where religion was en- ' 
tirely free. Maryland's mean toleration was not 
freedom of conscience, except for certain classes, 
and poor as it was, Rhode Island gave full liberty 
thirteen years sooner. In 1789, Washington, at 
the request of the Virginia Baptists, recommended 
to Congress that amendment to our national Con- 
stitution which says, " Congress shall make no law 
respecting an establishment of religion, or pro- 
hibiting the free exercise thereof." It was through 
their influence that grand article was added to our 
great instrument of government.ff The religious 
liberties of our country were first established in 
Rhode Island by our Baptist fathers, and only 
through Baptist channels have the nations of the 
earth learned soul freedom. 

Liberty of Conscience among the English 
Baptists before the Publication . of "The 
Bloudy Tenent" of Roger Williams,— In 1589, 
as Crosby states. Dr. Some, a man of great reputa- 
tion in England, wrote a work against certain 
prominent Puritans, whom he compares in some 
things to the Anabaptists. In his book he repre- 
sents the Anabaptists as holding, among their doc- 
trines, that ministers of the gospel ought to be 
maintained by the voluntary contributions of the 
people, and that the civil power has no right to 
make and impose ecclesiastical laws. This is the 
great Baptist doctrine of soul lil^erty, the proclama- 
tion of which about fifty years later has given un- 
dying fame to the illustrious founder of Rhode 
Island. These men in demanding that religion 
should be completely delivered from state patron- 
age and persecution were the successors of a line 
of Baptists who claimed the same privileges in 
every Christian age up to the Teacher of Galilee. 
Leonard Busher, a citizen of London and a Baptist, 
presented to James I. and to Pai-liament his " Re- 
ligious Peace, or a Plea for Liberty of Conscience," 
and published it in pamphlet form in 1614. The 
work of Mr. Busher is both able and eloquent, 
and, considering his times, one of the most remark- 
able productions ever printed. He says, — 

"Kings and magistrates are to rule temporal 
affairs by the swords of their temporal kingdoms, 
and bishops and ministers are to rule spiritual 
affairs by the Word and Spirit of God, the sword of 
Christ's spiritual kingdom, and not to intermeddle 



** Minutes of Provincial Council of Pennsylvania, p. 41. Pub- 
lished hy the Stiite. Philadelphia, 1852. 

tt Cathcart's Baptists and the American Revolution, pp. 97-111. 
Philadelphia, 1876. 



LIBERTY 



LIBERTY 



one with anothei-'s authority, office, and function." 
Again, " All those bishops that force princes and 
people to receive their faith and discipline by per- 
secution do, with Judas, go against Christ in his 
members, with swords, staves, and halberds, who, 
seeing God's Word will not help them, betake 
themselves with all haste and hazard unto the au- 
thority of the king and magistrate." Again, "It 
is not only unmerciful, but unnatural and abomi- 
nable, yea, monstrous, for one Christian to vex and 
destroy another for difference and questions of re- 
ligion." Again, "Neither suffer the bishops with 
persecution to defend their faith and church against 
their adversaries. If they have not anything from 
God's Word against us, let them yield and submit 
themselves. If they think they have anything 
against us, let them betake themselves only to 
God's Word, both in word and writing." Again, 
"By persecution are the Jews, Turks, and Pagans 
occasioned and encouraged to persecute likewise all 
such as preach and teach Christ in their dominions; 
for if Christian kings and magistrates will not suf- 
fer Christians to preach, and preach the gospel of 
Christ freely and peaceably in their dominions, how 
could you expect it of the infidels? . . . And the 
king and Parliament may please to permit (liberty 

to} ALL SORTS OF CHRISTIANS ; YEA, (to) JeWS, TuRKS, 

AND Pagans, so long as they are peaceable and no 
malefactors, as is above mentioned." This is the 
true liberty for which our denomination has al- 
ways contended, — liberty of conscience for all man- 
kind. Busher says, " Persecution for difference in 
religion is a monstrous and cruel beast, that de- 
stroyeth both prince and people, hindereth the gos- 
pel of Christ, and scattereth his disciples that wit- 
ness and profess his name. But permission (liberty) 
of conscience in difference of religion saveth both 
prince and people : for it is a meek and gentle 
lamb, which not only furthereth and advanceth 
the gospel, but also fostereth and cherisheth those 
that profess it."* Leonard Busher delivered a noble 
testimony for liberty and truth. 

His work was speedily followed by another 
treatise on the same subject, entitled " Persecution 
for Religion Judged and Condemned." It was pub- 
lished in 1615 "by Christ's unworthy witnesses, 
his majesty's faithful subjects, commonly, but 
falsely, called Anabaptists." No writer in the 
nineteenth century, in Europe or America, has a 
clearer conception of religious liberty than the 
author of this book. He says, " The power and 
authority of the king are earthly, and God hath 
commanded me to submit to all ordinances of man, 
and therefore I have faith to submit to what or- 
dinance of man soever the king commands; if it be 
a human ordinance, and not against the manifest 

* " Religious Peace," in Tracts on Liberty of Conscience, Hanserd 
KnoUys Society, pp. 23, 24, 25, 33, 41. London, 1846. 



Word of God, let him require what he will, I must 
of conscience obey him with my body, goods, and 
all that I have. But my soul, wherewith I am to 
worship God, belongeth to another King, whose 
kingdom is not of this world, whose people must 
come willingly, whose weapons are not carnal but 
spiritual." Again, "The whole New Testament 
throughout, in all the doctrines and practices of 
Christ and his disciples, teaches no such thing as 
compelling men by persecutions to obey the gospel, 
but the direct contrary." Again, " I unfeignedly 
acknowledge that God hath given to magistrates a 
sword to cut off wicked men, and to reward well- 
doers. But this ministry is a worldly ministry, 
their sword is a worldly sword, their punishments 
can extend no further than the outward man : they 
can but kill the body. And therefore this ministry 
and sword are appointed only to punish the breach 
of worldly ordinances, which is all that God hath 
given to any mortal man to punish." Again, 
" Christ's kingdom is spiritual, his laws are spir- 
itual, the transgressions are spiritual, the punish- 
ment is spiritual, everlasting death of soul, his 
sword is spiritual ; no carnal or worldly weapon is 
given to the supportation of his kingdom. The 
Lawgiver himself hath commanded that the trans- 
gressors of these laws should be let alone until the 
harvest, because he knows that they that are now 
tares may hereafter come to repentance and become 
wheat." Again, " Magistracy is a power of this 
world; the kingdom, power, subjects, and means 
of publishing the gospel are not of this world." 
Again, " But if I defend the authority of Christ 
Jesus over men's souls, which appertaineth to no 
mortal man, then know you that whosoever would 
rob him of that honor, which is not of this world, 
he will tread them underfoot. Earthly authority 
belongeth to earthly kings, but spiritual authority 
belongeth to that one spiritual King, who is King 
of kings. ... I have showed you hij the law of 
Christ that your course is most loicked, to compel 
any by persecution to perform any service to God, 
as you pretend."! 

The Anabaptists presented James I. a petition 
in 1620 pleading for liberty of conscience and de- 
liverance from persecution. The soul freedom, so 
dear to Baptists in all ages, is conspicuous in this 
" Supplication." The writer of this document says, 
" The vileness of persecuting the body of any man, 
only for cause of conscience, is against the Word of 
God and law of Christ." Again, " Oh, be pleased 
to consider, why you should persecute us for hum- 
bly beseeching you, in the woi-ds of the King of 
kings, to give unto God the things which are God's, 
which is to be Lord and Lawgiver to the soul in 
that spiritual worship and service which he re- 



t Persecution for Relii 
107, 108, 12(1, 121, 122, 13 



Judged and Condemned. Idem, pp. 



LIBERTY 



LIBERTY 



quireth. If you will take away this from God, 
what is it that is God's? Far be it from you to de- 
sire to sit in the consciences of men, to be lawgiver 
and judge therein. This is antichrist's practice, 
persuading the kings of the earth to give him their 
power to compel all hereunto. You may make 
and mend your own laws, and be judge and pun- 
isher of the transgressors thereof, but you cannot 
make or mend God's laws, they are perfect already. 
You may not add nor diminish, nor be judge nor 
monarch of his church ; that is Christ's right. He 
left neither you nor any mortal man his deputy, 
but only the Holy Ghost, as your highness aeknowl- 
edgeth ; and whosoever erreth from the truth, his 
judgment is set down and the time thereof."* The 
author of the "Humble Supplication," according 
to the famous Roger Williams, f was committed " a 
close prisoner to Newgate, London, for the witness 
of some truths of Jesus, and having not the use of 
pen and ink, wrote these arguments in milk, in 
sheets of paper brought to him by the woman, his 
keeper, from a friend in London as the stopples of 
his milk-bottle. In such paper written with milk 
nothing will appear ; but the way of reading it by 
fire being known to this friend who received the 
papers, he transci'ibed and kept together the papers, 
although the author could not correct nor view 
what himself had written." From the " Humble 
Supplication" were taken the arguments, which, 
being replied to by Mr. Cotton, gave rise to the 
work of Mr. Williams, and which he has so sig- 
nificantly called " The Bloudy Tenent of Persecu- 
tion Discussed." This theory, so nobly advocated 
by English Baptists, so ably defended by the illus- 
trious founder of Rhode Island in his celebrated 
work, was carried out in practice by the Baptists 
in England. In 1655, John Biddle, a Socinian, was 
arrested on the charge of heresy in London : his 
danger was very great ; with his opinions Baptists 
had no sympathy; but for his liberty of conscience 
they cherished a profound regard, and many Bap- 
tist congregations petitioned Cromwell for his re- 
lease. They made common cause with the man 
whose life was endangered by an attack upon his 
rights of conscience. How the theory of Roger 
Williams has been carried out first in Rhode 
Island, and now in every State in the Union, all 
the world knows. 

In 1644, when " The Bloudy Tenent" was pub- 
lished in London, the Baptists were the only advo- 
cates of full liberty of conscience on earth, that 
year Mr. John Goodwin, a Congregationalist, came 
to their help. The Congregationalists as a body, 
in England and America, were willing to grant 
liberty only to those "sound in fundamentals." 



* An Humble Supplication to the King's Majesty. Idem, pp. 192, 
30. 
+ Bloudy Tenent, page 36, Pref. 30, 35. London, 1848. 



Daniel Neal, an Independent (Congregationalist), 
says, " The Independents pleaded for a toleration 
so far as to include themselves and the sober Ana- 
baptists, but did not put the controversy on a gen- 
eral foot (ing). They were for tolerating all that 
agreed in the fundamentals of Christianity ; but 
when they came to enumerate fundamentals they 
were sadly entangled, as all those must be who do 
not keep the religious and civil rights of mankind 
on a separate basis." Neal writes of his brethren 
in 1645, and from the last sentence we quote, he 
would have given them a better character as friends 
of true liberty if the facts would have permitted 
him. The Parliament of Scotland appealed to the 
legislature of England, and declared their convic- 
tion " that the piety and wisdom of the honorable 
houses (of Parliament) will never admit toleration 
of any sects or schisms contrary to our Solemn 
League and Covenant." This covenant was taken 
in England in the end of 1643 and in the beginning 
of 1644. Neal says that " at the same time they 
appealed to the people, and published a declaration 
against toleration of sectaries and liberty of con- 
science, in which, after having taken notice of 
their great services, they observe that there is a 
party in England who are endeavoring to supplant 
the true religion by pleading for liberty of con- 
science, which, say they, is the nourisher of all 
heresies and schisms. They then declare against 
all such notions as are inconsistent with the truth 
of religion, and opening a door to licentiousness, 
which, to the utmost of their power, they will en- 
deavor to oppose ; and as they have all entered into 
one covenant, so to the last man in the kingdom 
they will go on in the preservation of it. And how- 
ever the Parliament of England may determine in 
point of toleration and liberty of conscience, they 
are resolved not to make the least start, but to live 
and die for the glory of God in the entire preserva- 
tion of the truth ;"t that is, in suppressing liberty 
of conscience. This was the spirit of Presbyterian 
Scotland in 1645. 

Richard Baxter, the most influential Presbyterian 
minister in England, as quoted by Crosby, writes, 
" My judgment in that much debated point of 
liberty of religion I have always freely made 
known; I abhor unlimited liberty, or toleration 
of all." The Westminster Assembly of Divines, 
which framed the creed of all British Presbyte- 
rians, Dec. 15, 1645, in response to an application 
of the Congregationalists for a very moderate toler- 
ation for themselves, declared that " this opened a 
perpetual gap for all sects to challenge such a 
liberty as their due ; that this liberty was denied 
by the churches of New England, and that they 
have as just ground to deny it as they ; that this 

X Neal's History of the Puritans, iii. 244, 240. Dublin, 1755. See 
also Collier's Ecclesiastical History, viii. 300, 301. London, 1841. 



LICENSE 



701 



LILBURN 



desired forbearance is a perpetual division in the 
church, and a perpetual drawing away from the 
churches under the rule ; for upon the same pre- 
tense those who scruple infant baptism may with- 
draw from their churches, and so separate into an- 
other congregiition. Are these divisions, say they, 
as lawful as they are infinite? or must we give 
that respect to the errors of men's consciences as 
to satisfy their scruples by allowance of this liberty 
to tliem ? That scruple of conscience is no cause of 
separation; nor doth it take off causeless separa- 
tion from being schism, which may arise from 
errors of conscience as well as carnal and corrupt 
reason." The Assembly flatly denied the tolera- 
tion solicited by the Congregationalists ; and for 
the moment the English government was ready to 
enforce their decision. These godly men in the 
Assembly and the leading ministers and laymen of 
their denomination in London, and in the country 
at that time, were fierce enemies of liberty of con- 
science. To-day our Presbyterian brethren are 
friends of true liberty, secular and sacred. But 
down to 164-i the Baptists were the only advocates 
of liberty of conscience for all Christians, and all 
other men on earth. They have the honor of being 
the first preachers of this doctrine, and of convert- 
ing the masses of other denominations to this part 
of their creed : and they have the glory of founding 
Rhode Island, the first State on earth where this 
doctrine received legal recognition ; and through 
Rhode Island the Baptists have given this doctrine 
a place in the Constitution of the United States, and 
in the legal enactments of every State in the Amer- 
ican Union. 

License, A Foiua of. — As a Baptist church is 
the highest ecclesiastical authority in the denomi- 
nation, or in the Sacred Book, upon whose teach- 
ings our churches are built, the church, after hear- 
ing a brother exercise his gifts as a preacher, gives 
him a license, not to administer baptism and the 
Lord's Supper, but to proclaim the blessed gospel. 
Tiiis license gives him no ministerial standing, and 
no position beyond that of a layman, except that it 
expresses the opinion of the church of which he is 
a member that he has qualifications for preaching 
the gospel. The following form of license has been 
used : 

" To all whom it may concern. The Baptist 
church of Blanktown sends greeting: Our beloved 
brother, Joshua Smith, a man of good repute, un- 
doubted piety, and sound knowledge of divine 
things, after exercising his ministerial gifts in pri- 
vate and in public to our entire satisf^xction, is 
hereby licensed to preach the gospel, wherever the 
Lord may open a door for him. AVe recommend 
him to the favor of our brethren ; and we pray that 
the Lord may greatly bless him. 

" Done at our regular meeting for business, etc." 



Ligon, William Claiborne, was born in Prince 
Edward Co., Va., Dec. 18, 1796. He studied at 
Golgotha Academy ; was converted at eighteen 
years, and ordained in 1825 by Elders P. P. Smith 
and Clapton. He came to Missouri in 1841, and 
settled near Carrollton. For thirty years he labored 
in that part of the State ; was pastor at Lexington, 
Dover, Liberty, Richmond, and Carrollton. lie 
gave much time and effort to the establishment of 
William -Jewell College. He was successful as an 
evangelist, in Clay, Ray, Lafayette, and Saline 
Counties. He died in Dover, April 13, 1877. 

Lilburn, Maj.-Gen. Robert, was a soldier of 
great daring. "When the Earl of Derby placed 
himself at the head of 1500 horse and foot in Lan- 
cashire, Lilburn met him near AVigan, and with 
800 men routed his forces, though they fought 
bravely for about an hour. Lilburn killed many 
of the enemy, captured between 300 and 400 pris- 
oners, and lost only 11 men. 

In Scotland his military administration was 
marked by a spirit of devout piety, and of great 
kindness. The Baptist church of Hexham, North- 
umberland, England, has several allusions to the 
general in old letters belonging to its records ; and 
one of its letters written to the general is still pre- 
served. In this epistle the church writes : 

" Honored Sir, — It hath been matter of great 
joy and consolation to our spirits, ever since we 
heard of the glorious appearances of the divine 
nature in you, which manifests itself through your 
love, which you have towards all saints, and par- 
ticularly towards us. AVe desire to admire the 
good hand of our God in it, that we, who are less 
than the least of saints, should have fixvor given 
us in your eyes, whom God has so highly honored 
to set in a place of so great eminency."* They then 
proceed to thank him for his great kindness to three 
of their brethren, — Edward Hickhorngill, Charles 
Bond, and Thomas Stackhouse, — and for his great 
love to their entire church. Ten of the brethren 
sign the letter on behalf of the church. It is dated 
the 22d day of the Fourth month, 1653. Gen. Lil- 
burn had Baptist chaplains, and maintained loving 
relations with the churches of that denomination 
wherever he was stationed. In 1647 he was gov- 
ernor of Newcastle ; next year he was one of the 
judges that tried Charles I. and condemned him to 
death ; and the name of Robert Lilburn is ap- 
pended to the warrant for his execution. 

Cromwell for a time imprisoned him because of 
his inflexible republicanism, as he served Harrison 
and others. But this only showed the immense in- 
fluence wielded by Gen. Lilburn ; for it was not to 
punish him that Cromwell subjected him to arrest, 
but to protect himself from the attacks of a power- 
ful military leader, who was opposed to all govern- 



* Fenstanton Eecords, etc., 328. London, 1854. 



LILLARD 



702 



LINCOLN 



ments administered* by "one man." Cromwell 
knew his great worth, and it was he who made him 
a major-general. 

Lilburnf was very active in securing the recall of 
the remnant of the Long Parliament, when the sys- 
tem of government instituted by Oliver perished in 
the hands of Richard Cromwell. Largely through his 
great influence in the army was this course pursued. 
He felt that no military chieftain should exercise do- 
minion in his country, nor any committee of gen- 
erals ; and that government was the creation of the 
people themselves ; and as the Long Parliament 
was the only fragment of legal government in Eng- 
land capable of being invested with life, he lent 
effectual aid in giving it the sceptre of power once 
more. 

When Charles II. was placed upon the throne 
Lilburn was tried as a regicide ; he offered no de- 
fense, and of course was condemned ; he was ex- 
iled to the Isle of St. Nicholas, off Plymouth, where 
he died in 1665. Why he was not executed we 
cannot conceive ; it was not because of any mercy 
possessed by Charles II., nor on account of any 
bribe given to the frail but all-powerful companions 
of the king's dearest pleasures. Probably, legal 
murder, accompanied by the horrible custom in 
treason cases of " drawing and quartering," had 
begun to arouse the indignation of the nation 
against the Stuarts; and Lilburn's life was spared 
because its sacrifice might cost too much. We love 
the memory of Maj.-Gen. Robert Lilburn, the 
" fanatic Anabaptist," as Guizot, in his Memoirs 
of Monk, is pleased to call him. 

Lillard, Rev. Jas. M., was bom in Mercer Co., 
Ky., Sept. 27, 1806, and has been a Baptist min- 
ister for forty-seven years. He removed from Ken- 
tucky to Lewis Co., Mo., in 1832, being the first 
Baptist preacher north of Palmyra, Mo. He trav- 
eled far and near, traversing large prairies in the 
severest weather, preaching the gospel and receiving 
little or no compensation. He was truly a mis- 
sionary. He often went down the Mississippi 
River, and occasionally returned to Kentucky, 
where he held, and assisted his father in conduct- 
ing, a number of great revival meetings, in which 
hundreds professed faith in Christ. He has ex- 
erted a wonderful influence for good throughout all 
Northeast Missouri, and though now old and much 
afflicted, often preaching while sitting, he travels 
almost continually, laboring for Christ. He has 
organized a great many Baptist churches ; assisted 
in ordaining at least twenty-five Baptist ministers, 
and has baptized more than 3000 persons. 

Lillard, Rev, Robert Rodes, A.M., a man 
of remarkable gifts and attainments, was born in 
Anderson Co., Ky., Jan. 10, 1826. After a pre- 



* Hume, Smollett, and Farr, i. 730. London. 

t Eapiu's History of England, li. G05. London, 1733. 



paratory course he entered Georgetown College as 
a Sophomore in 1842, and graduated in 1845. 
Having professed religion and united with the 
Baptist church at Lawrenceburg, in his native 
county, in 1841, he was licensed to preach the fol- 
lowing year, and was ordained to the ministry in 
1846. He now placed himself under the instruction 
of the distinguished Dr. J. L. Waller, and the fol- 
lowing year became associated with his preceptor 
in the editorship of the Western Baptist Review, at 
that time the ablest periodical in the West. His 
career was a most brilliant one, and within a few 
months he was placed among the ablest periodical 
writers of his time, but shortly after, death closed 
his too brief career, on June 7, 1849. 

Lincoln, Ensign, was born in Hingham, Mass., 
Jan. 8, 1779. He enjoyed good educational oppor- 
tunities in his youthful days, and the inestimable 
blessing of an early religious training. When he 
reached the age of fourteen he was placed as an 
apprentice at the business of printing. Having 
become a Christian he was baptized by Rev. Dr. 
Baldwin in 1799, of whose church he was a mem- 
ber until he transferred his relation to the Third 
Baptist church, for so many years under the pas- 
toral charge of Rev. Dr. Sharp. As he had evi- 
dently gifts which fitted him to preach the gospel, 
he was induced to exercise them. The churches at 
Lynn, East Cambridge, Cambridgeport, Roxbury, 
South Boston, and Federal Street, Boston, owe to 
him a great debt of gratitude for what he did among 
them in the days of their early weakness. While 
engaged in promoting the Redeemer's kingdom by 
the use of the talents which God had given him as 
a preacher of righteousness, he was also in another 
way accomplishing avast amount of good. As the 
leading partner in the publishing house of Lincoln 
& Edmunds, he was instrumental in sending out 
from the press a healthful religious literature, 
which proved a blessing of great value to multi- 
tudes of people. He spent a life of purity and 
blamelessness among his fellow-men, until God 
took him home to receive the reward of a faithful 
servant. His death occurred Dec. 2, 1832. Dr. 
Wayland says of him, " Since his death was men- 
tioned to me, I have been striving to think of one 
who was of more value to the church as a layman. 
I could not think of one. I have thought of clergy- 
men, and the result was the same. You may look 
over a dozen cities before you find a man in a 
private station who has cleared away around him- 
self so large and so fertile a field of usefulness. I 
know of no man to fill up his place." 

Lincoln, Hon. Heman, was born in Hingham, 
Mass., Jan. 7, 1779. He was one of a family of 
eleven children, whose parents were honored and 
loved in the community in which they lived for 
their consistent piety. When Heman was fourteen 



LINCOLN 



703 



LINCOLN 



years of age he was apprenticed to a carpenter in 
Boston. He was baptized by Dr. Baldwin, May 
19, 1799, and in 1809 he was chosen a deacon of 
the church. 

A man of his sterling worth could not remain 
long in private life. His fellow-citizens, recog- 
nizing his abilities, were not backward in solicit- 
ing him to occupy public positions. At different 
times, as representative and senator, he served in 
the Legislature of Massachusetts. He was chosen 
a member of the convention for the revision of the 
State constitution, and, as an intelligent Baptist, 
he made an earnest plea in behalf of religious lib- 
erty and the rights of conscience. Ten years, how- 
ever, passed before the cause which he so earnestly 
advocated triumphed over the prejudices with which 
it had been called to contend. 

Deacon Lincoln was among the earliest and most 
steadfast friends of home and foreign missions. 
For several years he was the president of the Amer- 
ican Baptist Home Mission Society, and when the 
conversion of Mr. and Mrs. Judson to Baptist sen- 
timents called forth an appeal to the churches in 
this country for help in the establishment of the 
missions in Burmah, he was among the first to re- 
spond. In 1824 he was chosen treasurer of the 
Baptist General Convention, and he held the office 
twenty-two years. So deep was his interest in the 
cause that he gave up his regular business, and 
spent his time at the mission rooms in Boston, and 
proved himself a most valuable assistant to Rev. 
Dr. Bolles, at the time the corresponding secretary 
of the Convention. 

But it was not merely the two great denomina- 
tional organizations for the prosecution of home 
and foreign missions that awakened the regards of 
Deacon Lincoln. He was ready to unite with all 
good men for the advancement of any cause which 
aimed at the improvement of mankind and the 
glory of God. He was a stead'fast friend of the 
American Bible Society, the American Tract So- 
ciety at New York, the American Temperance So- 
ciety, and kindred organizations. For twenty-seven 
years he was a trustee of Brown University. He 
was one of the founders of the Newton Theological 
Institution, and for several years one of its trustees. 
For twenty-two years he was chairman of the ex- 
ecutive committee of the American Baptist Mis- 
sionary Union. The missionaries under appoint- 
ment found in his hospitable dwelling a happy 
home while waiting the time of their departure to 
the distant fields of their labor, and -when, worn 
down with protracted toil, they returned to recruit 
their wasted strength in their native country. Dea- 
con Lincoln was among the first to give them a 
hearty welcome under his own roof. A life of 
more than ninety years was consecrated to the ser- 
vice of his Master, and when he died, Aug. 11, 1869, 



it was felt that a good man had gone home to 
heaven. Most truthfully was it said of him, " The 
cause of Christ was dearer to him than personal 
reputation or any earthly good. His record was 
remarkably unsullied, and all the churches with 
which he was connected may count that record as 
among their choicest ornaments." 

Lincoln, Heman, D.I)., was born in Boston, 
Mass., April 14, 1821. He graduated at Brown 




University in the class of 1840. Among his class- 
mates were Prof. J. B. Boise, LL.D., Rev. Dr. W. 
T. Brantly, President E. Dodge, LL.D., Rev. Dr. 
J. R. Kendrick, and President H. G. Weston, D.D. 
He graduated at the Newton Institution in the class 
of 1845, and was ordained immediately after his 
graduation, in Boston, September, 1845. He was 
pastor of the church in New Britain, Pa., for five 
years, when he removed to Philadelphia to take 
charge of the Franklin Square church. After three 
years- of service he was called to Jamaica Plain, 
Mass., where he continued six years. He accepted 
a call to the Central Baptist church in Providence, 
of which he was pastor for eight years, the connec- 
tion being terminated by his appointment to the pro- 
fessorship of Ecclesiastical History in the Newton 
Theological Institution, the duties of which he 
performed for five years, when he was transferred 
to the chair of Ilorailetics and Pastoral Duties, 
which position he now holds. Dr. Lincoln has had 
much experience in writing for the press during 
all his professional life. For five years he was edi- 
torially connected with the Christian Chronicle, 



LINCOLN 



704 



LINDSA Y 



and for thirteen years with the Watchman and Re- 
flector. Rochester University conferred upon Dr. 
Lincoln the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1865. 

Lincoln, Prof. John, LL.D., son of Ensign 

Lincoln, was born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 23, 1817, 
and was graduated at Brown University in the class 
of 1836. Immediately after which he was chosen 
a tutor in Columbian College, Washington, D. C, 
where he remained during the academic year 
1836-37. In the fall of 1837 he entered the New- 
ton Theological Seminary, where he remained until 
the fall of 1839, when, having been elected a tutor 
in Brown University, he removed to Providence. 
He held this office two years, at the end of which 
he went abroad, in company with Prof. H. B. 
Hackett, in order to pursue his studies at the Ger- 
man universities. He spent the academic year 
1841-42 in Halle, studying theology with Tholuck 
and Julius Mliller, and philology with Gesenius, in 
Hebrew, and with Barnhardy in the classics. The 
vacation of July and August was spent in an ex- 
cursion through Switzerland and Northern Italy, 
with Tholuck as a companion. The second acad- 
emic year, 1842-43, was spent in Berlin, under 
Neander, in church history. Old Testament history 
with Hengstenberg, and. the classics with Boectch. 
The fall of 1843 he spent in Geneva, where he de- 
voted himself to the study of French, and then 
went to Rome, where he remained until May, 1844. 
In the fall of 1844 he entered upon his duties as 
Assistant Professor of the Latin Language and 
Literature in Brown University, and was appointed 
full professor in 1845. In 1857 he went abroad a 
second time, and was absent six months, a part of 
which was passed in Athens. Again in the sum- 
mer of 1878 he took a third trip to the Old World. 
Prof. Lincoln has prepared editions of Livy and 
Horace, which have been well received. He has 
also contributed able articles for reviews, maga- 
zines, and the religious papers. 

Lincoln, Mrs. Nancy Hanks, the mother of 
Abraham Lincoln, was born in Virginia, and when 
quite young removed to Kentucky with some mem- 
bers of her family. In 1806 she married Thomas 
Lincoln, of Hodgenville, Ilardin Co., Ky. 

In 1843 La Rue County was created, which in- 
cluded the home of Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. 
This county was named after John La Rue, and 
Hodgenville after Thomas Hodgen. A biographer 
of Abraham Lincoln says, " Both these pioneers 
were men of sterling integrity and high moral 
worth ; they were consistent and zealous members 
of the Baptist church, and one of their associates, 
Benjamin Lynn, was a minister of the same per- 
suasion. Such were the influences under which, 
more than twenty years before Tliomas Lincoln 
settled there, this little colony had been founded, 
and which went far to give the community its per- 



manent character." In this Baptist settlement 
Abraham Lincoln, afterwards President of the 
United States, was born, Feb. 12, 1809. 

Nancy Hanks Lincoln was a woman of rare 
qualities of mind and heart, and though she died 
in 1818, when her son was only nine years old, she 
left impi-essions upon him which could never be 
effaced, and which directed his whole future move- 
ments. "All that I am on earth," said President 
Lincoln to Rev. Dr. A. D. Gillette, then of Wash- 
ington City, " I owe to my Baptist mother. I am 
glad to see you, doctor ; you remind me of my Bap- 
tist mother." 

Mrs. Lincoln lived and died unknown beyond a 
very limited circle, but her light has been carried 
over this land and over all the world by the fame 
of Abraham Lincoln, her distinguished son. 

Lindsay, Edmond J., a well-known Christian 
business man of Milwaukee, was born in Dundee, 
Scotland, in 1838. His father, in 1841, emigrated ' 
with his family to New York, and in 1843 came to 
Dodge Co., Wis., where he engaged in farming. 
He was a prominent member and officer in a Scotch 
Baptist church in Dundee, a man of decided Chris- 
tian influence. When he came to Wisconsin and 
found himself in a newly-settled country, where 
the institutions of religion were not yet established, 
he had a church in his home, teaching his children 
the way of God, expounding the Scriptures, and 
holding regular worship until churches were estab- 
lished. 

It was in this Christian atmosphere young Lind- 
say's childhood and youth were passed. He ob- 
tained his education in the log school-house of the 
newly-settled neighborhood, and an occasional term 
of study in the classical schools at Waupun and 
Fox Lake. But Mr. Lindsay has been a student all 
his life, having a fine library and other facilities 
for the acquisition of knowledge. 

When eleven years of age his father died, and 
the care of the farm devolved upon him. 

Mr. Lindsay is the senior member of the firm of 
E. J. and W. Lindsay. The business was estab- 
lished by Mr. Lindsay in 1869, and is now one of 
the most extensive establishments of its class west 
of the Lakes, having relations with every State and 
Territory in the Northwest. As its manager Mr. 
Lindsay displays qualifications of a high order. 

But it is chiefly as a Christian that he has become 
widely known. He made a profession of religion 
when fourteen years of age, and united a few years 
later with the Baptist church at Fox Lake. He is 
one of the best-known members of the First Bap- 
tist church in Milwaukee, a member of its board 
of trustees, has been its Sabbath-school superin- 
tendent, and in all the work of the church a chief 
actor. In the city, outside of his church, he is a 
leader in all benevolent enterprises. In the de- 



LINDSAY 



705 



LINNARD 



nominational work of the State he takes a promi- 
nent part. He is a member of the board of the 
Wisconsin Baptist State Convention, and of its Ex- 
ecutive Committee, and he is its efficient treasurer. 

Lindsay, Rev. W. C, was born in Virginia in 
1840. He spent four years at a literary and two 
at a medical college, and afterwards three in the 
study and pi-actice of law. At the close of the 
war he resumed the study of medicine, but having 
" tasted and seen that the Lord is good," "imme- 
diately he conferred not with flesh and blood," but 
came to the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 
and spent four years and graduated. 

His first pastorate was at AVilson, N. C, where 
he had the society and warm friendship of the cele- 
brated Dr. Hooper. In five months his health failed, 
pneumonia contracted in camp having left his 
lungs in a diseased condition. Having rested a 
few months, he took charge of the church at Barn- 
well Court-House, when, as an evidence of their ap- 
preciation, they almost doubled the compensation 
they were accustomed to give. The young men 
who avoided the church not only went, but con- 
tributed liberally to his salary. Five years in the 
pine belt, as frequently happens, restored his 
health. He next spent a year, 1876, as agent for 
the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary and 
Furman University, and then settled in Columbia, 
S. C, where he is now pastor. 

He probably has not an enemy in the world. 

Lindsey, E.ev. E. H., a prominent minister of 
Dallas County, Ark., was born in Alabama in 
1831. He embraced Christ and united with the 
Methodist Church in 1848, and was a preacher in 
that denomination for seven years. A careful ex- 
amination of the subject of baptism led to a change 
of views, and he united with the Baptists in 1859, 
and in the following year was ordained to the min- 
istry. He came to Arkansas and settled in Dallas 
County, where he has remained ever since, having 
served the following churches in Dallas and the ad- 
joining counties : Cold Water, ten years ; Hamp- 
ton, nine years ; Millville, seven years ; Holly 
Springs, three years; Edinburg, two years : Cham- 
bersville nearly twenty years. During the time he 
has baptized about 400. 

Lineberry, Rev. William, a useful minister in 
the Sandy Creek Association, N. C. He had been 
a minister of the Protestant Methodist Church, but 
became a Baptist, and was baptized by Rev. Enoch 
Crutchfield in 1843. He was agent for the State 
Convention in 1845 and 1846. He died in 1875. 

Link, Rev. J. B., was born in Rockbridge Co., 
Va., JMay 7, 1828: converted in October, 1840; 
baptized at the Natural Bridge, Va., in Octol)er, 
3841 : ordained at Mount Pleasant, Jessamine Co., 
Ky., in 1852, Drs. D. R. Campbell and Wm. M. 
Pratt acting as the Presbytery ; prosecuted the 



four years' course of study at Georgetown College, 
Ky., graduating in 1853 ; studied theology at, and 
graduated from, Rochester Theological Seminary, 
after a two years' course, in 1855 ; pastor of the 
churches at Paris, Ky., and Liberty, Mo. ; acted as 
agent for William Jewell College for nearly two 
years, and raised 820,000 for that institution ; en- 
tered the Confederate army, spent most of the time 
as a chaplain ; went to Texas as agent of the Home 
Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, 
especially for army missions. At the close of the 
year was occupied in efforts to establish the Texas 
Baptist Herald. Since 1866 has published and 
edited that journal with indefatigable energy, 
placing it upon a solid foundation. He is a man 
of indomitable will and courage, clear-headed, 




patient, wise, and logical. He has been a vice- 
pi-esident of the Southern Baptist Convention, and 
is now laboring for the " Texas Educational Com- 
mission," in connection with his editorial manage- 
ment of the Texas Baptist Herald. 

Linnard, James M., was born in September, 
1784 ; was baptized about the year 1830, by Rev. 
Gideon B. Perry, into the fellowship of the Spruce 
Street church, Philadelphia, Pa. He continued in 
membership with this church until his death, wliicli 
occurred Oct. 16, 1863. Few men have left behind 
them the record of a Cliristian life more abundant 
in the blessed results of intense consecration and 
large-hearted benevolence. Nor do these results 
pertain to his own life alone ; for it appears to be 
well and widely known that his example and influ- 



LINSLEY 



706 



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ence were agencies divinely employed to inspire 
similar consecration and benevolence among others 
possessed of greater wealth, whose princely bene- 
factions still continue to aid the advancement of 
tlie Redeemer's kingdom. He was for many years, 
and up to the time of his death, the president of 
the Pennsylvania Baptist General Association. 
The growth and usefulness of this organization 
were largely due to his love for Christ and zeal for 
his cause. He had a clear, sound mind, and was 
a warm friend and wise counselor in every depart- 
ment of benevolent and religious effort. He was 
one of three laymen who have been moderators of 
the Philadelphia Baptist Association. 

Linsley, Rev. James Harvey, son of James 

and Sarah (Maltby) Linsley, was born in North 
Bran ford. Conn., May 5, 1787 ; in 1809 went South ; 
converted in 1810; taught school in Cheshire, 
Conn. ; baptized in 1811 in North Haven ; studied 
in Wallingford Academy ; graduated from Yale 
College in 1817 ; taught in an academy at New 
Haven, also at New Canaan, also in a select school 
at Stratford; began to preach in 1828; ordained, 
in 1831, as an evangelist, at Meriden ; preached in 
Milford and Stratfield ; in 1835 was delegate to 
Triennial Convention in Richmond, Va. ; health 
failed in 1836 ; went to Florida ; was a member of 
Yale Natural Historical Society, of Connecticut 
Academy of Arts and Sciences, of Hartford Nat- 
ural Historical Society, of Boston Society of Nat- 
ural History ; published valuable scientific papers. 
He died Dec. 29, 1843, leaving a precious record as 
a scholar and as a Christian. 

Lisk, Rev. James, was born near Coshocton, 
0., Oct. 16, 1839 ; was baptized April 27, 1855, by 
Rev. A. AY. Odor; graduated from Denison Uni- 
versity in 1862, and from Rochester Theological 
Seminary in 1865 ; was ordained in June, 1865, 
and settled with the Second church, Cincinnati, 0. ; 
removed to Rockford, 111., in 1867, and remained 
for two years ; accepted a call to his present field 
of labor, the Second church, Germantown, Phila- 
delphia, and entered upon his duties June 1, 1870. 
He is an able and impressive pi'eacher and a faith- 
ful pastor, diligent in personal efforts for the sal- 
vation of souls, and strong in defense of " the faitli 
once delivered to the saints." He is actively iden- 
tified with the educational and missionary work of 
the denoaiination, and is conscientious in the per- 
formance of duties assigned to him in the manage- 
ment of important trusts. In 1879 he was made 
moderator of the Philadelphia Baptist Association. 
His people, after worshiping for years in a neat 
chapel, are now building a handsome church edifice. 

Literature, Baptist.^The list of authors in 
this article contains the names of only a portion of 
the great body of Baptist writers ; and often but one 
book is mentioned where several came from tlie 



same hand ; or three, as in the case of Benjamin 
Keach, where forty-three were the fruits of his 
active mind. 

THE SACRED TEXT AND WORKS UPON IT. 

Our Lord was immersed in the river Jordan when 
he reached adult years, and founded the Baptist de- 
nomination. The writers of the New Testament, 
like the Saviour, were Baptists, whose " one (mate- 
rial) baptism'" is believer's immersion. In trans- 
lating the New Testament into the language of a 
heathen people, Baptists have always insisted upon 
translating BaTCTi(u, instead of transferring it. The 
first versions of the Scriptures followed this plan. 
The Peshito, a Syriac version, made early in the 
second century for the Jews in Palestine, renders 

7 
the act of baptizing by the verb ^ \nV . to immerse. 

About the same time a Latin translation was pre- 
pared for the people who used that tongue. Prob- 
ably from this first version Tertullian quotes the 
Saviour's commission, " Go, teach the nations, im- 
mersing them in the name of the Father, and of 
the Son, and of the Holy Spirit." — Matt, xxviii. 19. 
(Ite, dpcete nationes, tinguentes eas in nomen 
Patris, etc. De Baptismo, cap. 13.) In the next 
chapter Tertullian quotes Paul's statement, that he 
was "not sent to baptize, but to preach," and he 
uses the words ad tinguendum, to immerse, to de- 
scribe the baptismal act. The men who made these 
earliest translations, like the inspired writers of the 
New Testament, were Baptists. Jerome, in his Vul- 
gate, uses baptize, instead of tinguo or imniergo, not 
because immersion was abandoned, but on account 
of a mass of ceremonies that in his day burdened 
the baptismal rite, authority for which could readily 
be claimed under a foreign word, the meaning of 
which was only known to scholars. AVliat was 
true of the Syriac and Latin versions is true of 
other primitive translations of the New Testament j 
and from these and other considerations we claim 
the versions of the first three centuries as sub- 
stantially Baptist productions. Like modern Bap- 
tists, the early Christians multiplied versions of the 
Scriptures, and distributed the Word as widely as 
possible. Augustine says, " Those who have trans- 
lated the Bible into Greek can be numbered, but 
not so the Latin vei'sions, for in the first ages of 
the church whoever got hold of a Greek codex ven- 
tured to translate it into Latin, however slight his 
knowledge of either language." 

In 1229, at a Catholic council held in Thoulouse. 
in France, a canon was passed prohibiting "laics 
from having the books of the Old or New Testa- 
ment, unless it be a Psalter, or a Breviary, and the 
Rosary, and it does not permit them so much as to 
translate them into the vidgar tongue.'''' Du Pin after 
recording the above adds, " This restraint was doubt- 



LITERATURE 



LlTEltATUUE 



loss founded on that frequent abuse which was made 
of them in that country." (Eccles. Hist., ii. 4.56. 
Dublin, 1724.) This canon was enacted to rob our 
Baptist Albigensian fathers of the Sciuptures, parts 
of which they had for a time in French, and subse- 
quently the whole of them. Their version was a 
Baptist work. In 1526, Denk and Ilaetzer, two 
Anabaptists, commenced the translation of the He- 
brew Bible in Strasburg, and succeeded well with 
the prophets, which were published early in the 
following year, nearly five years before Luther's 
Bible. The Rev. Henry Jessey had a translation 
of the Scriptures prepared in 1660, when the per- 
secutions that followed the accession of Charles II. 
to the throne of England rendered its publication 
impossible, and resulted in its destruction. 

Dr. William Carey translated the Scriptures into 
Sanscrit, Hindu, Brijbbhassa, Mahratta, Bengali, 
Oriya, Telinga, Karnata, Maldivian, Gurajattee 
Bulooshe, Pushtoo, Punjabi, Kashmeer, Assam, 
Burman, Pali, or Magudha, Tamul, Cingalese, Ar- 
menian, Malay, Hindostani, and Persian. Before 
the death of Dr. Carey the mission press at Seram- 
pore had sent forth the Scriptures in forty different 
languages and dialects, the tongues of 330,000,000 
of human beings. 

Dr. Judson translated the Scriptures into Bur- 
mese, Dr. Marshman into Chinese, Dr. Mason into 
Sgau Karen, Dr. Nathan Brown into Japanese. 
Dr. H. F. Buckner translated the gospel of John 
into the language of the Creek Indians. The New 
Testament, " with several hundred emendations," 
was edited by Spencer II. Cone and AVilliam II. 
AVyckofT. The American Bible Union, conti-olled 
by Baptists, though not exclusively composed of 
them, revised the entire English New Testament, 
and a large part of the Old; and they also re- 
vised the Spanish and Italian New Testaments, 
and made a new translation into the Ningpo collo- 
quial dialect of China. It may be added that the 
Bible Union did much to create the public opinion 
that has resulted in the movement in England to 
make a revision of the Bible of 1611. The Rev. 
Joseph S. C. F. Frey edited an edition of Van Der 
Ilooght's Hebrew Bible. 

Dr. John Gill was the author of a commentary 
on the Old and New Testaments, in nine quarto 
volumes. This great work was republished in 
Philadelphia by a Presbyterian in 1819, and in 
Ireland many years later by an Episcopal clergy- 
man. It is the richest treasury of Biblical and Ori- 
ental learning and of gospel truth which exists in 
the form of a commentary. Dr. John Fawcett was 
the author of a commentary in two folio volumes. 
The Baptist Publication Society is preparing a com- 
mentary under such auspices as will secure the 
fruits of-the ripest scholarship and of the most i-e- 
cent discoveries in Bible lands. Robert Haldane 



was the author of '' Notes on the Epistle of the- 
Romans," and a work upon " The Verbal Inspira- 
tion of the Scriptures." Dr. C. M. Du Veil, a con- 
verted Israelite, led to embrace Baptist sentiments 
when an Episcopal clergyman, by reading our 
books in the library of the bishop of London, tO' 
which he had access, in 1685, published " A Literal 
Explanation of the Acts of the Apostles." James 
A. Haldane wrote an "Exposition of the Epistle tO' 
the Galatians." Prof. II. J. Ripley prepared 
"Notes on the Gospels and Acts," and on the 
"Epistle to the Hebrews." Prof. Ilackett wrote a 
commentary on the " Acts of the Apostles ;" Spur- 
geon has a commentary upon the Psalms, called 
" The Treasury of David," in six volumes. Dr. 
Adiel Sherwood was the author of " Notes on the 
New Testament." Dr. George W. Clark has pre- 
pared " Notes on the Gospels." 

Rev. William Jones was the author of " A Dic- 
tionary of the Sacred Writings." Dr. Hacket edited 
an American issue of Smith's "Dictionary of the 
Bible," to the English edition of which he con- 
tributed thirty articles. John Canne spent " more 
than thrice seven years" in preparing marginal 
references for the English Bible. A marginal 
Bible, printed in 1747, now before the writer, aftei-^ 
the dedication to King James, presents Mr. Canne's 
" Letter to the Reader." Dr. Malcom's " Diction- 
ary of Names, Objects, and Terms Found in the 
Holy Scriptures" has had a circulation of nearly 
200,000. 

Dr. Samuel G. Green's " Handbook to the 
Grammar of the New Testament, Together with 
a Complete Vocabulary (Lexicon) and an Exami- 
nation of the Chief New Testament Synonyms," is 
a work of great learning and value. 

RELIGIOUS WORKS. 
In this list we might include a large number of 
the books written by primitive Christians, whose 
authors, like Justin Martyr, spe.ak only of the 
"washing in water," of "persuaded believers" 
(Just. Philos. Mart. Apol. I. Pro Christ. Patrol. 
Grffica VI. p. 240, Migne), or of trained catechu- 
meni. Tertullian in his orthodox days wrote on 
the mode and subjects of baptism like a very zeal- 
ous Baptist, and a part of his works might be legiti- 
mately reckoned to the credit of Baptists. The 
Confession of St. Patrick, and his Letter to Caroti- 
cus, are Baptist productions ; he immersed throngs 
of believers in wells in various parts of Ireland. 
The Swiss Anabaptist Confession of 1.527, as far as 
it goes, is almost entirely in harmony with modern 
Baptist opinions. The religious literature of this 
period, of the sober Anabaptists of the Continent 
of Europe, may be largely claimed by our denomi- 
nation to-day. The writings of Leonard Bnsher 
and others " On Liberty of Conscience," from 1614 



LITERATURE 



LITERATURE 



to 1661. published by the Hanserd Knollys Society, 
are vigorous Baptist productions. The Confes- 
-sions, issued by the same society, beginning with 
1611 and ending with 1689, belong to us. 

" Tropologia, or a Key to Open Scripture Meta- 
phors," and " Gospel Mysteries Unveiled, or an Ex- 
position of all the Parables," are the two most 
popular works of the celebrated Benjamin Keach. 
The "Exposition of all the Parables" is more fre- 
quently offered for sale now in London catalogues 
of second-hand books, than any of the works of 
John Howe, Dr. John Owen, or Bishop Jeremy 
Taylor. John Bunyan's works, in 761 royal oc- 
tavo double-column pages, of which the " Pilgrim's 
Progress" occupies but 120, are not as well known 
as they should be, except "Grace Abounding," 
^' The Holy War," and " The Pilgrim's Progress." 
Of the last, we may truly say that it is the most 
popular book ever written. Until 1847 it had been 
translated into French, Flemish, Dutch, Welsh, 
Gaelic, Irish, Hebrew, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, 
Danish, German, Armenian, Burmese, Cingalese, 
Orissa, Ilindostani, Bengali, Tamul, Mahratta, 
Canarese, Gujaratti, Malay, Arabic, Samoan, Ta- 
hitian, Pehuana, Behuana, Malagasy, New Zea- 
land, and Latin ; and undoubtedly it has been 
translated into several languages since that time. 
The prose writings of John Milton were numerous 
and popular. Some of these were political, like 
his first and second " Defence of the People of 
England ;" but a number of them treated of ecclesi- 
astical questions, like his "Reformation in Eng- 
land," his " Prelatical Episcopacy," his "National 
Establishments of Religion," his " True Religion, 
Heresy, Schism, and Toleration ;" others were de- 
voted to "Education," "The History of Britain," 
and to miscellaneous subjects. His Treatise "On 
Christian Doctrine," edited by Charles R. Sumner, 
librarian and historiographer to his majesty, and 
prebendiary of Canterbury, and published in 1825, 
is a very remarkable work. In it there are some 
opinions from which we decidedly dissent, but upon 
many questions, and conspicuously about the mode 
and subjects of baptism, Milton was a strong Bap- 
tist. " Anti-Christ Unmasked," by Henry Denne ; 
" The Necessity for Separation from the Church 
of England," by John Canne ; Delaune's "Plea 
for Nonconformists," according to Daniel De Foe, 
"perfect in itself; never author left behind him a 
snore finished piece ;" in 1739 it had passed through 
seventeen editions; "111 News from New Eng- 
land, &c.," by John Clarke, a celebrated work in 
defense of liberty of conscience. 

" Gill's Body of Divinity" and his other theologi- 
cal works are invaluable. The works of Andrew 
Fuller, in 1012 double-column imperial octavo pages, 
are necessary to the completeness of any Protestant 
theological library. The works of Robert Hall, in six 



12mo volumes, breathe the eloquence which made 
their author the greatest preacher of his day, and 
the equal of any orator of the Anglo-Saxon race. 
The following works are favorably known: Buck's 
" Philosophy of Religion," Pendleton's " Christian 
Doctrines," " Baptist Doctrines," edited by C. A. 
Jenkens ; Dagg's " Moral Science," " Evidences of 
Christianity," and " Manual of Theology," Stock's 
"Handbook of Revealed Theology," Carson on 
" The Knowledge of Jesus, the Most Excellent of 
the Sciences," and " The Pi-ovidence of God Un- 
folded in the Book of Esther." The* works of 
Archibald McLean, in six volumes, 12mo ; " Help 
to Zion's Travelers," by Robert Hall, Sr. ; " Ex- 
hortations Relating to Prayer and the Lord's 
Supper," by Benjamin Wallin ; " First Fruits," and 
"Primitive Theology," by Henry Holcombe ; Ed- 
mund Botsford's "Spiritual Voyages ;" " AVritings 
of John Leland," by L. F. Green ; complete works 
of Abraham Booth ; " Church Order," " The Elec- 
tion of Grace," "Internal Call to the Ministry," 
and " Sermons," by Isaac Backus ; " Treatise on 
Various Subjects," and " Vindication of Natural 
Religion," by John Brine ; Magowan's " Dialogues 
of Devils," " The Deity and Atonement of Christ," 
by John Marshman ; the works of John H. Ilinton, 
in seven volumes 12mo ; the writings of Dr. Francis 
AVayland, educational, philosophical, and religious ; 
the " Miscellanies," and " Lectures on Baptist His- 
tory," of William R. Williams ; Angus's " Hand- 
book of the Bible," " The Power of the Cross," 
by Richard Fuller; "Apostolic Church Polity," 
by William Williams ; " Preaching : its Ideal and 
Inner Life," by Thomas Armitage ; " Preparation 
and Delivery of Sermons," by John A. Broadus ; 
"Wheat from the Fields of Boaz," by A. G. 
Thomas ; " Christian Experience,'' by D. W. 
Faunce ; " The Atonement," by Octavius Winslow ; 
" The Atonement," by J. A. Haldane ; " Soul 
Prosperity," by C. D. Mallary ; " Maxcy's Lit- 
erary Remains," by Romeo Elton; "Lectures on 
Biblical Antiquities," by F. A. Cox; "Christ in 
History," by Robert TurnbuU ; " The Apostolical 
Constitutions, including the Canons," by Irah 
Chase ; " Internal Evidences of Christianity," by 
John Aldis ; " Book of Worship for Private Fami- 
lies," " The Sanctuary, Its Claims and Power," 
by W. W. Everts ; " Pulpit Eloquence," by Henry 
C. Fish ; " The Spirit, Policy, and Influence of 
Baptists," by T. G. Jones ; " Black Diamonds," 
" Great Wonders in Little Things," and " Ocean 
Gardens," by Sidney Dyer ; " A Pedobaptist Cliarcii 
no Home for a Baptist," by R. T. Middleditcli ; 
" Baptist History, Faith, and Polity," by D. B. 
Cheney; " Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge," 
by J. Newton Brown ; " Campbellism Examined," 
by J. B. Jeter ; " Morning by Morning," and 
" Evening by Evening," by C. H. Spurgeon ; " The 



LITERATURE 



709 



LITERATURE 



Church, its Polity and Ordinances," by H. Harvey ; 

" Baptist Short Method," by Edward Iliscox ; " The 
Papal System from its Orif;in to the Present 
Time," " A Historical Sketch of Every Doctrine, 
Claim, and Practice of the Church of Rome," by 
William Cathcart ; " History of Romanism,"' by 
John Dowling ; " The Pernicious EfiPects of Infant 
Baptism," by Norman Fox; "The Philosophy of 
Atheism Examined and Compared with Christi- 
anity," by B. Godwin : "Duties of a Pastor to his 
Church," by Franklin Wilson ; Dr. Malcom's 
" Travels in South-Eastern Asia," " A Year's Tour 
in the Holy Land." by S. D. Phelps ; " Plea for Bap- 
tist Principles,'' by G. W. Anderson ; " Text-Book 
of Campbellism," by D. B. Ray; "Text-Book of 
Popery," by J. M. Cramp ; Dr. J. R. Graves is among 
the first of living Baptist writers, his last work is 
"Old Landmarkism, What is it?" "Religious De- 
nominations in the United States and Great Bri- 
tain," by Joseph Belcher ; "The Creative Week," 
and "The Mountain Instruction," by George Dana 
Boardman ; " Priscilla," by Joseph Banvard : 
" Western Empire, or the Drama of Human Prog- 
ress," by E. L. Magoon ; " Corrective Church Dis- 
cipline," and " Parliamentary Practice," by Chan- 
cellor P. H. Mell. 

Sermons in volumes have been published very 
extensively by Baptists. In 1876, Spurgeon had 
issued twenty-one volumes. Some of his sermons 
have been translated into German, Danish, Swe- 
dish, French, Italian, and Welsh. Maclaren has 
published sermons which have been very popular. 
We shall only add the following as authors of 
volumes of sermons : Dr. Samuel Stennett, Dr. 
AVilliam T. Brantly, Sr., Dr. Samuel Stillman, 
Rev. Oliver Hart, and Rev. William Parkinson. 

The following are among a large number of works 
on baptism and the Lord's Supper : " Anti-Pedo- 
baptism," by John Tombes (Mr. Tombes wrote 
fourteen distinct works on baptism) ; "A Treatise 
of Baptism, wherein that of Believers and that of 
Infants is Examined by the Scriptures," by Henry 
D'Anvers ; " Anti-P«do-Rantism, or Mr. Samuel 
Finley's Charitable Plea for the Speechless Exam- 
ined and Refuted, the Baptism of Believers Main- 
tained, and the Mode of it by Immersion Vindi- 
cated," by Abel Morgan, Philadelphia, printed by 
B. Franklin, in Market Street, 1747 ; Mr. Finley 
was subsequently president of New Jersey, now 
Princeton, College ; " The Baptism of John" and 
" Letters on Baptism," by Thomas Baldwin ; " Pe- 
dobaptism Examined," by Abraham Booth ; " In- 
fant Baptism a Part and Pillar of Popery," by 
John Gill ; " History of Baptism," by Robert Rob- 
inson ; " Scripture Guide to Baptism," by Richard 
Pengilly ; Gale's "Reflections on Wall's History 
of Infant Baptism;" "Baptism, a Term of Com- 
munion at the Lord's Supper," by Joseph King- 



horn ; "Baptism in its Mode and Subjects," by 
Alexander Carson ; " Infant Baptism an Invention 
of Men," by Irah Chase ; "Essay on Christian 
Baptism," by B. W. Noel; "Baptism and Terms 
of Communion," by Richard Fuller; " Doctrine of 
Baptism on the Principles of Biblical Interpreta- 
tion," by J. J. Woolsey ; " Baptism," by F. AV. 
Broaddus; "Handbook on the Mode of Baptism," 
and "Handbook on the Subjects of Baptism," by 
Robert Ingham ; " Theodosia Ernest," by A. C. 
Dayton; "Grace Truman," by Mrs. S. R. Ford; 
" Baptism and Baptisteries," by W. Cote ; " The 
Meaning and Use of Baptizein Philologieally and 
Historically Investigated," by T. J. Conant ; 
Howell on Communion ; " Immersion Essential to 
Christian Baptism," by John A. Broadus ; " Church 
Communion as Practised by the Baptists," by W. 
AY. Gardner ; " Studies on the Baptismal Question," 
by D. B. Ford ; " Baptism in Harn)ony in the East 
and in the West," by J. C. Long ; " The Position 
of Baptism in the Christian System," by Henry 
H. Tucker; "History of Baptism," by Isaac T. 
Hinton ; " The Act of Baptism," by Henry S. 
Barrage ; " The Baptism of the Ages and of the 
Nations," by Wm. Cathcart. 

The following histories were written by Baptists: 
Reach's "History of the English Baptists," Cros- 
by's "History of the English Baptists," Ivimey's 
"History of the English Baptists," Orchard's 
" History of the English Baptists," Taylor's "His- 
tory of the General Baptists," Robinson's "His- 
torical Researches," Backus's " History of the 
Baptists," Cramp's "Baptist History," Benedict's 
" History of the Baptists," " Materials for a His- 
tory of the Baptists in Delaware and in other 
States," by Morgan Edwards ; Semple's " History 
of the Rise and Progress of the Baptists in Vir- 
ginia," Cook's "Delaware Baptists," Orchard's 
"History of Foreign Baptists," " Historical Vin- 
dications," by S. S. Cutting; Duncan's "History 
of the Baptists," " The Early English Baptists," 
by Benjamin Evans ; Asplund's " Baptist Regis- 
ter," Hague's " Historical Discourse," Callender's 
"Historical Discourse on the Civil and Religious 
Affairs of Rhode Island and Providence Planta- 
tions ;" the materials gathered by John Comer for 
a, history of American Baptist churches are of 
great value to all who have engaged in the under- 
taking, from which death removed the talented 
collector; Curry's "Struggles and Triumphs of 
Virginia Baptists," Hayne's "Baptist Denomina- 
tion, its History and Doctrines," Foi'd's "Origin 
of the Baptists," Wm. Jones's " Church History," 
"Sketch of the Lower Dublin, or Pennepek 
Church," by II. G. Jones ; " History of the First 
Baptist Church of Newport," by C. E. Barrows; 
" Religious Liberty and the Baptists," by C. C. 
Bitting; Anderson's "Annals of the English 



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710 



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Bible," Ray's " Baptist Succession," Mrs. T. J. 
Conant's "History of the English Bible," Curtis's 
" Progress of Baptist Principles," Cox's " History 
of English Baptist Missions," Gaininel's "History 
of American Baptist Missions," McCoy's "History 
■of Baptist Missions among American Indians," 
"Baptists and the American "Revolution," by Wm. 
Cathcart ; "Annals of the Christian Commission," 
by Lemuel Moss ; " History of Missions," by 
John 0. Choules; "Bunhill Memorials," by J. A. 
•Jones ; Bunhill is the London cemetery for Dis- 
senters, where the ashes of Bunyan repose; 
■" Manning and Brown University," by Reuben A. 
■Guild; "The Baptist Encyclopaedia," edited by 
William Cathcart. 

BIOGRAPHIES. 

"Life of Colonel Hutchinson, ' written by his 
"widow Lucy ;' " Ivimey's " Life of John Milton ;" 
"" Life of Henry Dunster," first president of Har- 
vard College, by Jeremiah Chaplin; "Life of 
William Kiffin," by Joseph Ivimey ; "Virginia 
Baptist Ministers," by J. B. Taylor; Hovey's 
■" Life and Times of Isaac Backus ;" Lives of Roger 
Williams, by J. D. Knowles, Romeo Elton, Wil- 
liam Gammel, and Benjamin Evans ; Wallin's 
" Life of Dr. John Gill," Wilkin's " Life of Joseph 
Kinghorn," Gregory's " Life of Robert Hall," 
TuUer's " Life of Samuel Pearce," " Memoirs of 
Mrs. Ann Hasseltine Judson," by J. D. Knowles ; 
■" Memoir of Dr. Judson," by Francis Wayland ; 
■" Memoir of Dr. Wayland," by F. and H. L. Way- 
land ; a " Biogi-aphical Sketch of Sir Henry Ilave- 
iock," by William Brock ; " Life of Mrs. Lydia 
Malcom," by II. Malcom ; "Life of Jesse Mercer," 
by C. D. Mallary; "Life of Luther Rice," by 
James B. Taylor; "Life and Times of James B. 
Taylor," by George B. Taylor ; " Life and AVritings 
of Robert Robinson," by George Dyer; "Life of 
Joseph Stennett," by D. Turner ; " Memoirs of Mrs. 
Theodosia Dean," by Phai-cellus Church; "Life of 
Rev. Duncan Dunbar," by Jeremiah Chaplin ; " Life 
of William Knibb," by J. Howard Hinton ; "Life 
of Rev. Thomas Burchell," by W. F. Burchell ; 
" Life of Dr. Eugenio Kincaid," by Alfred Patton ; 
""Life of Joseph Ivimey," by George Pritchard ; 
■"Life of Dr. Richard Fuller," by J. H. Cuthbert; 
" Life of Mrs. Shuck," " Life of Andrew Broaddus," 
and "Life of Daniel AVitt," by J. B. Jeter; "Life 
of John Thomas," by C. B. Lewis, the first Baptist 
who preached the gospel in India; "The Life of 
John Bates," by Justin A. Smith; "Memoir of 
Andrew Fuller," by A. G. Fuller ; " Memoir of 
Dr. William Stoughton," by S. W. Lynd ; "Life 
and Correspondence of John Foster," by J. E. 
Ryland ; Lives of Carey, Marshman, and Ward, by 
J. C. Marshman; "Life of John P. Crozer," by 
J. Wheaton Smith ; " Life of Dr. Joseph H. Ken- 



nard," by J. Spencer Kennard ; "Life of Spencer 
II. Cone, D.D.," by Edward and S. W. Cone ; " Au- 
tobiography of John Gano," " Memoir of Dr. Baron 
Stow," by J. C. Stockbridge ; " Life of Mrs. E. C. 
Judson," by A. C. Kendrick ; " Memoir of Gov- 
ernor George N. Briggs," by W. C. Richards; 
" Life of John M. Peck, D.D.," by Rufus Bab- 
cock ; " Life of William Colgate," by W. W. Ev- 
erts ; " Life of Joseph G. Binney, D.D.," by Mrs. 
J. G. Binney. 

GENERAL LITERARY WORKS. 
Hanserd Knollys wrote a Hebrew, Latin, and 
English grammar ; Dr. Carey a Mahratta grammar, 
a Sanscrit grammar extending over a thousand 
quarto pages, a Punjabi grammar, a Telinga gram- 
mar, and a Mahratta dictionary, a Bengali dic- 
tionary, and a Bhotanta and a Sanscrit dictionary. 
Dr. Judson made a Burmese dictionary, and Dr. 
Mason a Pali grammar. Dr. J. Wade was the au- 
thor of a Karen dictionary, and Dr. H. F. Buckner 
prepared a grammar of the language of the Creek 
Indians. The " Essays" of John Foster are among 
the finest productions in the literature of our 
tongue. Sir James Mackintosh justly describes 
their author as " one of the most profound and 
eloquent writers that England has produced." Dr. 
Gill's "Antiquity of the Hebrew Language, Let- 
ters, Vowel Points, and Accents" has been pro- 
perly represented " as a masterly eS"ort of profound 
research, which would have shown Dr. Gill to be a 
prodigy of learning, of reading, and of literature 
had he never published a syllable on any other 
subject." " Orators and Oratory" is one of several 
able works from the pen of William Matthews, 
LL.D. John M. Gregory, LL.D., wrote " A Hand- 
book of History." Dr. Mason wrote "Burmah, 
its People and Natural Productions, or Notes on 
the Natives, Fauna, Flora, and Minerals, &c. ;" 
F. S. Dobbins, " False Gods ;" James De Mille, 
" The Dodge Club ;" John Ash, LL.D.. " A Gram- 
mar and Dictionary of the English Language;" 
Rev. F. Denison, the " History of the First Rhode 
Island Cavalry," and the " History of the Third 
Rhode Island Heavy Artillery ;" Col. C. II. Banes, 
the "History of the Philadelphia Brigade;" Dr. 
James T. Champlin, a " Text-Book of Intellectual 
Philosophy." Prof. Cleveland Abbe for ten years 
has been meteorologist of the bureau of the army 
signal office, in which he compiles the published 
weather probabilities, the storm signals, monthly 
reviews, and international bulletin. He has made 
numerous contributions to the Ama'icaii Journal 
of Science, Monthly I\otices, Royal Astronomical 
Society, 'the Smithsonian Annual Reports, and to 
Appleton's and Johnson's Encyclopaedias. Rev. 
John Howard Hinton wrote a "History of the 
United States;" Lieut.-Gov. Arnold, a "History 



LITERATURE 



LITERATURE 



of Rhode Island ;" Dr. Joseph Angus, " The Hand- 
book of the English Tongue," " The Handbook of 
English Literature," and " Specimens of English 
Literature-," Dr. Hackett translated Winer's 
Chaldee Grammar and published his own exer- 
cises in Hebrew grammar ; Dr. Benjamin Davies 
prepared a "Student's Grammar" and a "Stu- 
dent's Lexicon" of the Hebrew language; Dr. T. 
J. Conant translated Gesenius"s Hebrew grammar, 
which he enlarged and improved ; this work is now 
the standard of the schools in America and Europe. 
Joseph S. C. F. Frey was the author of a Hebrew 
grammar, the ninth American edition of which 
appeared in 1835; he also compiled a Hebrew lex- 
icon. Dr. Leechman wrote a work on logic. Prof. 
Noah K. Davis has published '■ The Theory of 
Thought, a Treatise on Deductive Logic ;" and 
President D. J. Hill has issued " The Elements of 
Rhetoric" and " The Science of Rhetoric." Dr. 
K. Brooks, in "Baptists and the National Centen- 
ary," says, "Dr. William Stoughton prepared an 
edition of Virgil, which had extensive use in his 
day. Adoniram Judson published an English gram- 
mar before he turned his attention to the Christian 
ministry. Dr. Francis Wayland was the author of 
very popular treatises on moral science, intellectual 
philosophy, and political economy. Dr. A. C. Ken- 
drick has published introductory text-books in 
Greek and an edition of ' Xenophon's Anabasis ;' 
Dr. Hackett, ' Plutarch on the Delay of the Deity 
in Punishing the Guilty ;' Dr. John L. Lincoln 
edited Livy and Horace. Dr. J. R. Boise has 
given to the public seven volumes of Greek text- 
books, and Dr. Albert Harkness eight volumes of 
Latin text-books and one of Greek. Dr. J. T. 
■Cham plain has published a large number of school- 
books, including treatises on ethics and intellec- 
tual philosophy, and editions of Demosthenes and 
^schines. Dr. J. R. Loomis is the author of 
treatises on geology, anatomy, and physiology. 
Dr. S. S. Greene has published a series of English 
grammars ; Prof. S. P. Sanford, a series of arith- 
metics ; Prof. J. F. Stoddard, a series of arithmetics 
and algebras ; and Dr. Edward Olney, a series of 
mathematical text-books, covering the whole ground 
•of school and college study. Dr. J. H. Hanson has 
edited two volumes of the Latin authors usually 
read in preparation for college. Dr. G. W. San- 
son! is the author of a volume on art criticism ; 
Dr. S. H. Carpenter, of an Anglo-Saxon grammar ; 
and Prof. James G. Clark, of a treatise on the 
' Differential and Integral Calculus ;' Dr. A. A. 
■Gould was associated with Agassiz in preparing a 
treatise on geology ;" and Prof; S. M. Shute, D.D., 
" A Manual of Anglo-Saxon, comprising a Gram- 
mar, Reader, and Glossary." 

The amount of secular litei-ature coming from 
the intellect and the learning of Baptists is im- 



mense. They have written a multitude of books, 
and control many influential secular newspapers. 

POETICAL WORKS. 
"Paradise Lost," by John. Milton; Miss Ann 
Steele's " Hymns and Poems" w.ere published in 
three volumes in 1780. Dr. John Fawcett was the 
author of 156 hymns which were printed in 1782. 
Benjamin Beddome wrote many precious hymns ; 
Benjamin Wallen, a book of hymns, published in 
1750; Samuel Medley, a work with 232 hymns; 
John Fellows, a book with 55 hymns. Turner's 
" Divine Songs, Hymns, and Other Poems" were 
published in 1748. Joseph Swain wrote 129 hymns, 
which were issued in 1792. Samuel Stennett fur- 
nished 40 hymns to Dr. Rippon in 1787 for his 
" Selection." Edward Mote published a " Selection" 
of hymns in 1797, 108 of which were written by 
himself; and Dr. Edmund Turney wrote "Baptis- 
mal Harmonies," containing 36 hymns and chants ; 
Richard Furman was the author of " Pleasures of 
Piety, and Other Poems ;" but no considerable part 
of our poetical treasures can be recorded in this 
article ; with Dr. S. F. Smith, Hon. Charles Thurlaer, 
Prof J. H. Gilmore, Dr. Robert Lowry, Dr. Sidney 
Dyer, and others among the living, and Milton and 
a large number among the dead, we have great 
reason to bless God for our gifts. (See article on 
Hymns and their Authors.) 

SUNDAY-SCHOOL LITERATURE. 

The American Baptist Publication Society has 
1326 works on its list, of which 444 are for Sun- 
day-school libraries. These were written with 
great care and ability. Many others have been 
issued by private publishers in different sections of 
our country. In foreign lands Baptists are equally 
intei-ested in providing religious books for the 
young, and the efforts which they have used for 
this object have been attended with great success. 

In periodicals for the religious instruction of the 
young the Baptists have shown great enterprise. 
The Young Reaper is probably the most popular 
paper in existence ; its pages are eagerly read by 
hundreds of thousands. Our Young People, in- 
tended for the period between childhood and adult 
years, is edited with great ability, and has a large 
circulation. The Baptist Publication Society has a 
list of periodicals, only two of which we have named, 
whose pages show remarkable adaptation to the vari- 
ous stages of childhood and youth for which they 
are intended. The Teacher, designed to benefit the 
young through their instructors, is one of the best 
Sunday-school papers in existence. Kind Words, 
issued by the Southern Baptist Convention, is a 
great blessing to throngs of the young. Baptists 
of all nationalities have numbers of religious papers 
for the enlightenment of the rising generation. 



LITERATURE 



712 



LITERATURE 



AMERICAN PERIODICALS. 



Wheee Published. 



Dr. C. K. Blackall 

E.T.Winkler, D.D 

D. B. Ray, D.D 

A. C. Capertou, D.D 

Eev. J. G. Walker 

J. R. Graves, LL.D 

James I. Morris 

Rev. W. P. Throgmorton.... 

Rev. W. .1. Crawlbid 

Rev. A. W. Lamar 

J. Eugene Reed 

Bev. A. R.Griggs 

S. F. Smith, D.D 

W. H. McAlpiue 

Rev. J. B. Gambrell 

J.B. Chevis 

J. R. Baumps, D.D 

J. J. Spelman 

P. S. Heiison, D.D 

A. S.Patton, D.D 

Rev. C. T. Bailev 

Kev. J. W. Willmarth 

Wm. Muir 

Mrs. H. J. Rose 

Wm. Ferguson 

Mrs. M. G. Kennedy 

H. E. Buchan, M.D 

H.H.Tucker, D.D., LL.D.. 

Cliristian Messenger, The S. Seldon 

Christian Monitor, The Dr. D. M. Breaker 

Christian Repository S. H. Ford, LL.D 

Christian Secretary j S. D. Phelps, D.D 

Christian Visitor j Rev. J. E. Hopper.. 



Advanced Bible Lesson Quarterly.. 

Alabama Baptist, The 

American Baptist Jflag 

American Baptist, The 

American Baptist Year-Book 

Baptist, The 

Baptist Banner 

Baptist Banner 

Baptist Beacon, The 

Baptist Courier, The 

Baptist Family Magazine 

Baptist Journal, The 

Baptist Missionary Magazine 

Baptist Pioneer, The 

Baptist Record, Tlie 

Baptist Reflector, The 

Baptist Review, The 

Baptist Signal 

Baptist Teacher 

Baptist Weekly, The 

Biblical Recorder 

Bible Lessim Monthly 

Canadian Baptist, The 

Canadian Missionary Link 

Central Baptist, The 

Children's Picture Lesson 



Der Muntere Saeman (German)., 

Der Seudbote (German) 

Die Sonntags Freude 

Der Wegweiser 

Evangel, The 

Evangel, The Arkansas 

Evan<relisk Tidskrift 

Examiner and Chronicle, The... 

Foreign Journal 

Georgia Baptist, The 

Helping Hand 

Herald of Truth 

Intermediate Lesson Quarterly., 

Journal and Messenger 

Kind Words 

Le Moniteur 

Michigan Christian Herald 

Missionary Baptist 

National Baptist, The 

National Monitor, The 

National Watchman , 

New Jersey Baptist, The 

Our Little Ones 

Our Young People 

Picture Lesson Cards 

Religious Herald 

Standard, The 

Texas Baptist, The 

Texas Baptist Herald 

Vermont Baptist, The 

Watchman, The 

Watch Tower, The 

Western Recorder 

Young Reaper 

Y Wawr (Welsh) 

Zion's Advocate 



Rev. J. C. Haselhuhn. 
Rev. J. C. Haselhuhn., 
Kev. J. C. Haselhuhn. , 
Rev. J. C. Haselhuhn. , 

Rev. J. T. Prior 

B. R. Womask 

J. B. Searcy 

Prof. J. A. Edgren 

E. Bright, D.D 

H. A. Tupper, D.D 

Rev. Wm. J. White 



G. S. Abbott, D.D 

Mrs M.G.Kennedy 

G. W. Lasher, D.D , 

Rev. S. Bo.vkin 

T. Amyrauld 

Rev. L. H. Trowbridge.:. 

C. C. Dickinson 

H. L. Wayland, D.D 

Rev. R. L. Perry 

Howard Bunts, Jr 

John W. Moody 

Dr. C. R. Blackall 

A. J. Rowland, D.D 

Mrs. M. G. Kennedy 

A. E. Dickinson, D.D 

Prof. H.H.Harris, D.D.. 

J. A. Smith, D.D 

Eev. R. C. Buckner 

J. B. Link, D.D 

Eev. J. K. Richardson.... 

Lucius E. Smith, D.D 

J. W. Olmstead, D.D 

A. C. Caperton, D.D 

B Griffith, D.D 

0. Griffith 

Eev. H. S. Burrage 



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Monthly 

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Louisville, Ky. 
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Memphis, Tenn. 
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Benton, 111. 
Albany, Oregon. 
Greenville, S. C. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Dallas, Texas. 
Boston, Mass. 
Marion, Ala. 
Clinton, Miss. 
Nashville, Tenn. 
Cincinnati, 0. 
Jackson, Miss. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
New York, N. Y. 
Raleigh, N. C. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Toronto, Ontario. 

St. Louis, Mo. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Toronto, Ontario. 
Atlanta, Ga. 
Halifax, Nova Scotia. 
Gainesville, Ga. 
St. Louis, Mo. 
Hartford, Conn. 
St. John, New Brunswick. 
Cleveland, O. 



San Francisco, Cal. 

Little Rock and Dardanelle. 

Chicago, HI. 

New York, N. Y. 

Richmond, Va. 

Augusta, Ga. 

Boston, Mass. 

Oakland, Cal. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

Cincinnati, 0. 

Macon, Ga. 

Granby, Quebec. 

Detroit, Mich. 

Memphis, Tenn. 

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Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Albany, Ga. 

Trenton, N. J. 

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Eichmond, Va. 
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Boston, Mass. 
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BRITISH PERIODICALS. 
The Baptist Handbook, yearly ; The Baptist Al- 
manac, yearly ; The Baptist Year-Booh and Alma- 
nac, yearly ; The General Baptist Almanac, yearly ; 
Spnrgeon'' s Illustrated Almanac, yearly ; The Quar- 
terly Reporter of the German Baptist Mission, quar- 
terly ; Baptist Magazine, monthly ; Baptist Mes- 
senger, monthly ; The Church, monthly ; General 
Baptist Magazine, monthly ; Earthen Vessel, 
monthly ; Gospel Herald and Voice of IVuth, 
monthly; Missionary Herald, monthly; Juvenile 



Missionary Herald, monthly ; Sword and Trowel, 
monthly ; The Irish Baptist Magazine, monthly 5 
The Freeman, weekly ; The Baptist, weekly. 
WELSH. 
The Welsh Baptist Handbook, yearly ; Y Greal 
[The Magazine), monthly; YrAthraw{The Teacher), 
monthly ; Cydymaith Y Plentyn ( Child's Com- 
panion), monthly; Seren Cymru {Star of Wales) 
weekly. 

SCOTLAND. 

The Scottish Baptist Magazine, monthly. 



LITTLEFIELD 



713 



LOFTON 



Littlefield, Gov. Alfred Henry, was born in 

Scituate, R. I., April 2, 1829. Several of his an- 
cestors occupied prominent positions in the admin- 
istration of the civil affairs of Rhode Island. He 
was one of a family of eleven children. In the 
spring of 1851 he entered into partnership with his 
brother. The business of the firm was so success- 
ful that it has become one of the most prominent 
in the State. Gov. Littlefield had an appointment 
in the civil war as brigade quartermaster on the 
staff of Brig.-Gen. 0. Arnold, and in various ways 
rendered efficient aid to "the government, and ex- 
tended his sympathy and pecuniary help to the 
families of the soldiers. He has filled, and con- 
tinues to fill, important positions in difierent cor- 
porations in Pawtucket, R. I. He has represented 
the town of Lincoln in both branches of the Gen- 
eral Assembly. He was chosen governor in 1880. 
Gov. Littlefield is an habitual attendant on the 
ministry of Rev. Geoi'ge BuUen, pastor of the 
First Baptist church in Pawtucket, of which his 



Lloyd, Rev. W. B., the oldest Baptist minister 
in Mississippi, was born in Georgia in 1809 ; be- 
came a Baptist in 1825, and at once began to 
preach ; was ordained the folloveing year. He set- 
tled in Noxube Co., Miss., in 1830, where he en- 
gaged actively in the ministry. He was an able 
preacher and a successful revivalist, having bap- 
tized about 3000 persons during the fifty-five years 
of his ministry. 

Lloyd, Rev. W. S., was born in Hyde Co., N. C, 
Feb. 27, 1811 ; ordained in South Carolina in 1835 ; 
educated in Furman University, in both the literary 
and theological courses. After a useful ministry 
often years in that State, he settled in Macon Co., 
Ala., in 1845, where he remained until his death. 
Soon attracting general attention, he became one of 
the most popular and useful, as he was one of the 
most gifted ministers in the State. A striking 
form, excellent social qualities, with the spirit of a 
Christian, he made friends of all with whom he 
came in contact. His churches were among a 
wealthy and highly-cultivated people. He fell 
dead in the pulpit in the midst of one of his elo- 
quent sermons, at Mount Meigs, Ala., at eleven 
o'clock on Sabbath, March 12, 1854. Rev. W. E. 
Lloyd, of Auburn, one of the best preachers in 
Alabama, is his son, possessing many of the striking 
and noble traits of his brilliant father. 

Locke, Rev. Jacob, an able and useful preacher 
of the Old Green River Association in Kentucky, 
was born in Berkeley Co., Va., about 1768. He re- 
moved to Mercer Co., Ky., in 1789, and subse- 
quently to Barren County of that State about 1799. 
Here he was ordained to the ministry in 1801, and 
became pastor of the Mount Tabor Baptist church 
in 1803, besides supplying several other churches. 
46 



Mr. Locke was a man of wisdom, piety, and zeal. 
He was the leading man in planting and establish- 
ing the young churches and guiding their associa- 
tional councils. He was modei-ator of Green River 
Association for more than twenty years, and then 
of Liberty Association from its constitution until 
his death, which occurred Jan. 18, 1845. 

Lofton, George Augustus, D.D., pastor of tln^ 
Third Baptist church, St. Louis, Mo., was born 
Dec. 25, 1839, in Penola Co., Miss. He finished 
his education in 1859-60 at Mercer University. 
It was his purpose to enter the Methodist min- 
istry, but in 1859, from the study of the Greek 
New Testament, he was convinced of the Scrip- 
turalness of Baptist views, and was immersed into 




GEORGE AUGUSTUS LOFTON, D.D. 

the fellowship of the Second Baptist church, At- 
lanta, Ga. In 1861 he entered the service of the 
Confederacy, and continued through the war as an 
officer of artillery. He entered the Baptist minis- 
try at Americus, Ga., in 1868 ; and since that time 
Dr. Lofton has served as pastor, principally, the 
Baptist church at Dalton, Ga., the First Baptist 
church at Memphis, Tenn., and the Third Baptist 
church at St. Louis, Mo. These churches have all 
flourished under his care, numerically, spiritually, 
financially, and socially. He has baptized some 
600 converts in his churches ; and be is regarded 
as a devoted, able, and successful pastor, a sound 
and practical preacher, an indefatigable woi'ker, a 
friend to the poor, a popular speaker. Besides 
many articles and sermons for the periodical press, 
he has written and published some bound volumes, 



LONG 



LOOMIS 



which have received favorable criticism, and which 
indicate culture and originality. He is in the 
prime of life, and has the promise of many years 
of usefulness. He and his present charge are in 
close bonds of sympathy, and are co-operating most 
successfully in religious work of all kinds in St. 
Louis, in the State, and in the regions beyond. 
Thoroughly evangelical, Dr. Lofton leads any 
church he serves as pastor in the most efficient 
methods of work, and into the widest fields of use- 
fulness. He served faithfully and suffered greatly 
through the yellow fever scourge of 1873 in Mem- 
phis ; and in 1875 he led his brethren in the cen- 
tennial eifort to endow the Southwestern Baptist 
University at Jackson, Tenn. He was also presi- 
dent for two years of the Southern Baptist Pub- 
lication Society, located at Memphis. Dr. Lofton 
is especially prominent and well known in the 
South, and he is rapidly acquiring a national repu- 
tation. 

Long, Rev. F. M., traces his ancestry to the 
" Mayflower" and Plymouth Rock. He was born 
Sept. 30, 1839, in East Tennessee, where he was 
converted. He was baptized in Macoupin Co., 111., 
licensed in 1864, ordained in 1865 by the Honey 
Creek church, and preached with great success for 
ten years in Madison, Bond, and Montgomery 
Counties, 111. In 1874 he removed to Oregon, and 
has since then been connected with the Oak Creek 
church, giving occasional aid to the Providence, 
North Palestine, and Lacreole churches. He is an 
earnest, doctrinal extempore preacher, and is one 
of the most logical reasoners in the Oregon pulpit. 
He does not put himself forward, but when called 
out carries all hearts with him. A diligent stu- 
dent and active pastor, he deserves the love of the 
brethren and the churches, which he possesses to 
an unusual degree. 

Long, Prof. J. C, D.D., LL.D., was born in 
Campbell Co., Va., Nov. 28, 1833; graduated at 
Richmond College in June, 1856. The month fol- 
lowing his graduation he was appointed tutor in 
the college, but resigned at the close of the first 
session ; was ordained in Grace Sti-eet church, 
Richmond, Va., July 5, 1857. In the summer of 
1857 he was elected teacher in the Florida State 
Seminary, and held the position for one year in 
connection with the pastorate of the Tallahassee 
church. He then became pastor of the Cumber- 
land Street church, Norfolk, Va., and remained 
until 1861, when the relationship was broken up 
by the war. From 1861-65 he resided in Gooch- 
land Co., Va., and during part of the year 1863 
was teacher of a school in Danville, Va. He sub- 
sequently became pastor of the Fine Creek and 
Mount Tabor churches. From 1866-68 he was pas- 
tor of the Scottsville and Hardware churches in 
Albemarle County. In 1868 he became pastor of 



the church at Charlottesville, Va., where he re- 
mained until April, 1875, when he was elected 
Professor of Ecclesiastical Histoi'y in the Crozer 
Theological Seminary. In this position he con- 
tinues to render valuable service to the cause of 
ministerial education. He received the degree of 
D.D. from Richmond College in 1872, and that of 
LL.D. from Baylor University in 1880. 

Dr. Long is a man of ripe scholarship, unas- 
suming manners, and most genial social accom- 
plishments. His writings evince the results of 
long-continued and patient research, and display 
his marked ability to interpret the facts of history 
in their relation to the church of Christ. His ser- 
mons are rich in the clear, simple, and devout ex- 
position of the Word of God. 

Long, BTimrod, a banker, merchant, and manu- 
facturer, was born in Logan Co., Ky., July 31, 1814. 
At the age of fourteen he went to Russellville, the 
seat of justice of his native county, and entered a 
store as clerk. Three years afterwards he became 
a partner in the house. In a short time the senior 
partner died, and Mr. Long took his brother into 
the partnership. They were very successful. After 
some years Mr. N. Long withdrew from the busi- 
ness, and became,, a commission merchant, and 
afterwards established the banking-house of N. 
Long & Co., and in 1870 built the largest flouring- 
mill in the State. This, like all his enterprises, 
proved a success, and Mr. Long is now a wealthy 
capitalist. He became a member of the Baptist 
church in Russellville in early life, and has used 
his business talent and growing capital for the 
cause of Christ with rare liberality. He was or- 
dained a deacon of his church in 1832, was made 
its treasurer in 1838, and has for many years been 
superintendent of the Sunday-school. He has been 
the leading spirit in founding and endowing Bethel 
College, one of the best and most flourishing insti- 
tutions of the West. After contributing largely to 
the ei-ection of its buildings, he endowed the chair 
of English, known as the N. Long professorship. 
In 1870 he conceived the idea of boarding students 
at actual cost, and, to carry it out, caused the erec- 
tion of the N. Long Boarding Hall, capable of ac- 
commodating 100 students. He has also been a 
liberal patron of Georgetown College and other in- 
stitutions of learning in his denomination. 

Longley, Avard, M.P., was born in Wilmot, 
Annapolis County, Nova Scotia ; is a member of the 
Wilmot Baptist church ; represents the county of 
Annapolis in the Parliament of Canada. Mr. 
Longley has been much in political life ; is a gov- 
ernor of Acadia College, a strong advocate for pro- 
hibition of all intoxicating liquors, and a friend of 
all denominational enterprises. 

Loomis, Rev. Ebenezer, was born in 1794; 
baptized in 1809 ; preached first in Tolland Court- 



LOOMIS 



LOOMIS 



House, Conn., in 1821 ; ordained in New London, 
Conn. ; labored as pastor, exploring agent, and evan- 
gelist in Richfield, Otsego Co., N. Y. ; First New- 
ark, N. J. ; Hudson, N. Y. ; Springville, Boston, 
and Evans, Western New York ; Detroit, China, 
and Coldwater, Mich. ; Cincinnati, 0. ; North 
Lyme ; First Colchestei', Brooklyn ; First North 
Stonington, Preston, and Killingly, Conn. ; Fre- 
donia, N. Y. •, finally Bradford Co., Pa. ; gifted, 
scholarly, amiable, devoted ; gave thousands of 
dollars to churches, to Connecticut Literary Insti- 
tution, and to the missionary press in Burmah ; 
always traveled on foot; died in Bradford Co., Pa., 
in 1872, in his seventy-ninth year. 

Loomis, Prof. Freeman, was born in Water- 
ville. Me., May 21, 1844. His studies preparatory 
to admission to college were pursued mostly at the 
academy connected with the university at Lewis- 
burg, and he was admitted to Freshman standing 
in June, 1862. He graduated in 1866, taking 
the second honors of his class. He passed at 
once to theological studies, the course in that de- 
partment then occupying two years. Having 
finished his theological course, he was temporarily 
appointed to the principalship of the academy in 
the spring of 1867. At the commencement in 
June the board of trustees elected him principal, 
which position he held for two years. In 1869 the 
prepai-atory department became distinct from the 
academy, and he was placed at the head of it. In 
1879 the preparatory department again became a 
part of the academy, and Prof. Loomis resigned 
his connection with it. In 1870 he obtained leave 
of absence, and occupied himself for two years in 
the study of French and German in Berlin and 
Paris. During his absence, in 1871, the trustees 
appointed him to the chair of Modern Languages 
in the university. This position he held in con- 
nection with that of head of the preparatory course 
till his resignation of the latter in 1879. Since 
that time he has held only the professorship of 
Modern Languages. In this department his in- 
•struction is faithfully given, and he is deservedly- 
popular with his classes. 

Looniis, Rev. Hubbell, died Dec. 15, 1872, in 
his ninety-eighth year, at Upper Alton, 111. He 
was an example alike of the physical vigor and of 
the intellectual and spiritual robustness of the New 
England stock. He was born at Colchester, Conn., 
May 31, 1775. As his father, a descendant of Jo- 
seph Loomis, who emigrated fi-om England to this 
country in 1638, was in moderate circumstances, 
he was thrown chiefly upon his own resoui'ces in 
procuring his education, graduating at Union Col- 
lege, Schenectady, N. Y., in 1799. Having studied 
theology under Rev. Joel Benedict, of Plainfield, 
Conn., he was licensed as a Congregationalist min- 
ister in 1801. His first pastorate was at Willing- 



ton, Conn., where he continued twenty-four years, 
uniting with his pastoral duties the work of a 
teacher, one of his pupils being Jared Sparks, 
afterwards so eminent as president of Harvard 
College and author of " The Life of Washington," 
and other valuable works. In the later years of 
this pastorate, as a result of earnest study of the 
Scriptures with reference to questions of denom- 
inational difference, he became a Baptist, and 
united with the Baptist church of Willington ; 
this event, of course, dissolving his connection 
with the church he had served so long, and neces- 
sitating great self-denial in other respects. 

In 1829, Mr. Loomis removed to Illinois. After 
some months spent in Kaskaskia and Edwards- 
ville, he settled in Upper Alton, and then founded 
the seminary which in 1835 became incorporated 
as ShurtlefF College. His name stands first on 
the list in the college charter of incorporation. He 
was a liberal donor to the college, and to the end 
of his life its earnest friend, while in the various 
exigencies of its history his counsel was often 
sought. He was remarkable for conscientiousness ; 
an ardent advocate of human rights, and a warm 
friend of moral reforms. One of his sons. Prof. 
Elias Loomis, of Yale College, ranks with the emi- 
nent men of science in this country, while others 
of his children have filled stations of great useful- 
ness, one daughter, Sophia, having been the wife 
of Hon. Cyrus Edwards, another, Caroline, was 
married to Prof. Newman, of Shurtleff College, 
who died in 1844; a son, David B., residing in 
Minnesota, has filled several terms as a member 
of the Legislature of that State ; while another, 
John Calvin, was at one time Professor of Lan- 
guages in the Alabama University. 

Loomis, Justin R., D.D., LL.D., was born in 
Bennington, Vt., Aug. 21, 1810. At the age of 
seventeen he went to Hamilton Literary Institu- 
tion, and at a subsequent date he entered Brown 
University, and graduated with marked honor in 
1835. Shoi-tly after his graduation he was elected 
professor in Waterville College, now Colby Uni- 
versity. 

Determined to thoroughly inform himself in the 
field of his chosen studies, he visited South Amer- 
ica, where he spent a profitable year in scientific 
explorations through Bolivia, Peru, and Chili. 
Thus prepared for more efiicient service, he was 
elected Professor of Natural Science in the uni- 
versity at Lewisburg, Pa., and in 1858 succeeded 
to the presidency. This office he held with sin- 
gular ability for twenty years, retiring from it in 
January, 1879. 

His consistent and blameless life, his many acts 
of benevolence, his indomitable will, combined 
with practical good sense, his wai-m interest in the 
welfare of the university, and especially in the 



LORD 



716 



LORD'S SUPPER 



students, his influence in shaping the character of 
the town, and in making the Baptist church edi- 
fice, which was mainly erected by his own exer- 
tions, among the best in the State, have left a stamp 
of permanent value upon the history of the uni- 
versity. 

As an author, he has prepared various standard 




JUSTIN R. LOOMIS, LL.D. 

works: "Principles of Geology," "Physiology," 
and "Anatomy," are works of great value, while 
various essays, lectures, pamphlets, and sermons 
attest the possession of talents of a high order. 
While he could lay no high claim to oratorial 
power as a public speaker, yet his presence and 
counsel at the meetings of the Associations and 
other bodies were always welcome, and were much 
desired. 

His son. Freeman Loomis, is a professor in the 
university at Lewisburg. 

Lord, Edward C, D.D., was born at Carlisle, 
N. Y., Jan. 22, 1817, and was a graduate of Mad- 
ison University. He was ordained at Preston Hol- 
low, N. Y., Aug. 27, 1846, having previously re- 
ceived an appointment as a missionary to China. 
He reached Ningpo June 20, 1847, and was con- 
nected with Dr. Macgowan in the care of that 
station. Having acquired the language, he was 
able to preach to the natives and hold conversation 
with them on religious subjects. The health of 
Mrs. Lord made it necessary for him to return to 
the United States, which he reached at the close of 
1851. Kemaining here a little less than two years, 
he returned to Ningpo. Arriving there June 1, 



1854, he commenced again his missionary labors, 
taking, as far as possible, the place of the lamented 
Goddard, and having Mr. Knowlton as a co-worker 
with him. While occupied with these evangelical 
labors, Mr. Lord performed some work in his study. 
Writing to the Executive Committee, in 1860, he 
says, " My notes on the Epistles to the Hebrews 
and Komanshave been completed, and considerable 
other labor of a similar kind has been performed." 
And the next year he writes, "My notes on the- 
First Epistle to the Corinthians have been com- 
pleted and put to press. My notes on Ephesians 
have been carefully revised, and those on Second 
Corinthians are in course of preparation." In 1863 
he writes, " At Ningpo, in my own neighborhood, 
I have plenty of work, and I am thankful to say 
there is much encouragement. At the communion 
season, about three months ago, I baptized five per- 
sons, three men and two women, and I have at 
pi-esent several applicants." The connection of 
Mr. Lord with the Missionary Union closed in July,. 
1864. He was in the diplomatic service of the 
United States in China, and performing more or 
less of missionai-y service for several years. His 
formal connection with the Missionary Union has 
been resumed. He has had charge of two chapels 
in Ningpo, being aided in his work by three native 
preachers. 

Lord's Supper, The.— The Lord's Supper, in its 
form, must be bread and wine ; for Matthew says 
that Jesus took bread and blessed it, and brake it 
and gave it to the disciples and said, " Take, eat ; 
this is my body. And he took the cup, and gave 
thanks, and gave it to them, saying. Drink ye all 
of it." — Matt. xxvi. 28. The retention of the cup 
from the laity in the Church of Rome, deprives her 
Eucharist of every divine sanction, and reduces it 
to a mere human invention. 

The Supper is a memorial or remembrancer of a. 
slain and absent Saviour. His wounds and death 
are shown by the broken bread and the flowing 
cup. His bodily absence is proved by the object 
of the Sacrament. Speaking of the bread Jesus 
says, " This is my body which is given for you ; 
this do in remembrance of me." — Luke xxiv. 19. 
We can only remember absent persons. So that 
the purpose of the Eucharist as a remembrancer 
makes it certain that Christ's body is not in it. 
And Paul teaches the same truth when he writes, 
— "For as often as ye eat this bread and drink this 
cup, ye do show the Lord's death till He come." — 1 
Cor. xi. 26. In body, he is not in the Supper, for 
it is intended to be observed till Jesus, whom " the 
heaven must receive until the times of restitution 
of all things" (Acts iii. 21) shall come in the glories 
of his final advent. His humanity is now at the 
right hand of God. His Deity is everywhere, but 
peculiarly near the devout worshiper. The transub- 



LORD'S SUPPER 



717 



LO RIMER 



stantiation* of Rome, and the consubstantiationf 
of Luther are, therefore, without foundation either 
in Scripture or in fact. 

The sole direct teaching of the Supper is : The 
■agony of Jesus the sustenaiice of redeemed men. 
Strange that bread should be the figure to represent 
the body of Christ. Why not his image in gold or 
silver? His statue in marble or wood ? His pic- 
ture on canvas? Then each wound might have 
been seen, and every writhe of anguish. But no, 
bread, ih^ food of the world, and wine, the beverage 
■of many nations, are chosen to exhibit the wounded 
body of Jesus. Food and drink, the support of all 
human life, constitute the monument erected by 
Jesus for himself, — the food, broken bread, to re- 
mind us of his torn body — the cup, wine, to repre- 
sent the purple current drawn from his veins. And 
these emblems are not to be viewed, simply, in sol- 
emn sadness, nor even in joyful faith, — we are to 
partake of them. Thus teaching that as food and 
■drink sustain men, without which their bodies must 
perish, so the sufierings of Jesus are the bread and 
the beverage of the soul. And as it would be mad- 
ness to try to support flesh and blood on anything 
but food and drink, so it is insanity to look any- 
where but to Christ's woes for the nourishment of 
the undying spirit. And the true disciple, by a 
hungering faith, ought to make these sorrows bread 
for his soul ; while by a thirsting frame of spirit 
he ought to drink at these crimson streams of divine 
torture. And as we need bread and drink all the 
■time, the choice of these emblems by the Saviour 
proclaims to us that his wounds and death are a 
■constant supply for the necessities of a soul per- 
petually in want. What other doctrines could be 
-designed by such emblems ? Beyond all doubt God 
speaks to us through them, and says, Like the 
body needing bread several times every day, so your 
souls require atoning blood each instant, and like 
the food of mankind there is an everlasting supply 
for all the weaknesses and criminal experiences 
that mark each footprint of your earthly journey, 
to which you are as welcome every moment as to 
the food that covers your own tables, or the fruits 
that wave in golden beauty on your own abundant 
harvest-fields. "lie that spared not his own Son 
but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not 
with him also freely give ics all things?" — Rom. 
viii. 33. "By one ofi"ering he hath perfected forever 
all them that are sanctified." — Heb. x. 14. " I give 

* The Council of Trent decrees, "If any man shall deny, that in 
the sacrament of the most holy Eucharist, there is contained really, 
ti uly, and substantially, the body and blood, together with the soid and 
dirtiUtij of our Lord Jesus Christ, and so whole Christ, hut shall say 
!"< is only in it in sign, or figure, or power, let him be aceursed." 
Di; Eucharis, Can. i. Less. xiii. p. 63. Canones et Decreta Coucilii 
Trid. Lipsias, 1863. 

t The body and blood of Christ truly present in the Supper. 
Augsburg Confession, Article x. 



unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish, 
neither shall any pluck them out of my hand." — 
John X. 28. Thank God for the Lord's Supper! 

The Supper has no commission to teach us charity 
for each other. Examine the descriptions given of it 
in Matt. xxvi. 26-28, in Mark xiv. 22-23, in Luke 
xxii. 19, 20, in 1 Cor. xi. 20-29, and allusions made to 
it elsewhere, and in every instance it is a memorial 
of the Saviour's wounds and blood, — a picture of 
Christ's only food for perishing souls, and in each 
case destitute of any other allusion. Many Chris- 
tians turn it into a feast of charity for members of 
their own and of Other sects, and speak with un- 
loving harshness of those who observe it solely as a 
remembrancer of a Saviour in the throes of death. 
Charity in its own place is a truly blessed grace ; 
he is not Christ's who has not a goodly measure 
of it ; it is the chain whose golden links bind to- 
gether the whole heavenly throng, from the Mighty 
One wielding the sword of Omnipotence to the low- 
liest shining spirit. From the depths of our hearts, 
enthusiasm surges up in a mighty current around 
charity, the darling of heaven, — the element of 
which God himself is composed. But we have a 
fervent love for the truth of God,— for that whole 
body of revelation, one fragment of which exceeds 
in worth the riches of time, and all the material 
splendors of the universe. I^nd as the Lord's 
Supper, according to Jesus, has nothing to do with 
charity, as it is a monument upon which is sculp- 
tured the .\NGUisH OF Jesus, the food and drink 
OF THE SOUL, and a monument from which the most 
dazzling glories in the universe shine forth, and 
around which the most thrilling melodies of 
heavenly harmony shall ever float, why obliterate 
its divinely appointed inscription to trace upon it 
any other writing, even though you inscribe upon 
it man's love to his fellow, — where Christ's love in 
lines of blood was once read ? Surely this is an im- 
pious act in any one, and peculiarly so in the ad- 
herents of that Protestantism which boasts that the 
" Bible and the Bible alone is its religion." You 
might with as much propriety assemble the pious 
business people of several localities together on 
New Year's day, who manifested the grace of 
Christian integrity by paying their debts, and in- ' 
duce them to celebrate the Supper as an exhibition 
of their uprightness and probity. And if it might 
be said, the cross shows Christ's love for us in the 
Supper, the example of which commands us to love 
one another, it might with equal justice be affirmed, 
the suSerings of Jesus seen in the Supper as our 
surety, show him as wonderfully honest in paying 
our debts to the violated law, and following in his 
footsteps, we should refuse all gains not righteously 
secured. 

Lorimer, George C, D.D., was born near Edin- 
burgh, Scotland, in 1838, and in that city he spent 



LO RIMER 



718 



LOUISIANA 



the early part of his life. For a short time he fol- 
lowed the sea, then for a brief period he had some 
business connection with a theatre, and occasionally 
performed some parts, butGod had something higher 




GEORGE C. LORIMER, D.D. 

and better for him than the stage. He came to the 
United States when he was about eighteen years 
of age, and having been providentially led to the 
city of Louisville, Ky., he was brought under the 
influence of the preaching of the pastor of the 
Walnut Street Baptist church. That pi'eaching 
was blessed to him, and he became a hopeful Chris- 
tian. The whole purpose of his life was at once 
changed. He entered upon a course of study in 
Georgetown College, Ky., preparatory to the Chris- 
tian ministry, and in 1859 was ordained pastor of 
the church at Harrodsburg, Ky. He remained 
there until called to Paducah, Ky., and from there 
to Louisville, where he was a pastor for eight years. 
The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred 
upon him by Bethel College while he was in 
Louisville. From Louisville he was called to Al- 
bany, N. Y., whei'e he remained two years, and 
then accepted an invitation to the Shawmut Avenue 
church, Boston. While in the midst of a success- 
ful ministry with this church, the attention of the 
Tremont Temple church was directed to him, and 
he was urged to occupy that central and important 
position, in which, for several years, his labors have 
been so much blessed. About eighteen months 
ago he took charge of the First church, Chicago. 
Dr. Lorimer is in the prime of his life, and, it is to 
be hoped, of his usefulness. His ministry is a 



popular one, in the best sense of the word. He be- 
lieves in a genial religion, and seeks to draw men 
to Christ by the sweet words of a Saviour's love. 
His preaching has been blessed to the building^ 
up of a large church and congregation in Boston \ 
and it has been equally effective in his present 
charge. 

He has just sundered his happy relations with 
the First church to minister to a new community 
occupying the field vacated by the Michigan Avenue 
Baptist church. 

Lothrop, Rev. J. Grafton, was a brilliant young 
minister in Eastern Louisiana, who died, very much 
regretted, at Greensburg, La., June 16, 1868. He 
began to preach in 1861. 

Louisiana, one of the Gulf States, was long a 
part of the territory of France, but was purchased 
by the United States in 1803. It has about 20,000' 
white Baptists and about 30,000 colored. 

The sentiments of the Baptists were first propa- 
gated in this State by preachers from the contigu- 
ous parts of Mississippi. Rev. Bailey E. Chaney 
removed with his family into Eastern Louisiana, 
then called West Florida, in 1798, and settled with 
a number of other South Carolinians not far from 
Baton Rouge. He began to preach to his Ameri- 
can neighbors, but he was not long without moles- 
tation. He was arrested and imprisoned at Baton 
Rouge by the Spanish authorities. But he pur- 
chased his liberty by pi-omising to abstain from 
preaching in the future, and subsequently re- • 
turned to Mississippi. 

Soon after the cession of the French portion of 
the Territory, Joseph Willis, a mulatto, who was a. 
licensed Baptist preacher, and who had been a co- 
laborer with Richard Curtis in Mississippi, boldly 
crossed the Mississippi River, and in 1804 preached 
at Vermillion and Plaquemine Brule. The follow- 
ing year he returned and settled on Bayou Chicot 
in St. Landry Parish, where he began to preach,, 
and in 1812, with assistance from Mississippi, or- 
ganized a church, of which he became pastor. 

About the beginning of the present century a 
number of young ministers crossed into West 
Florida, at the peril of their liberty. By the 
labors of these, two churches were gathered on 
Pearl River, called Mount Nebo and Peniel, which 
were constituted in 1813. 

Previous to 1806, Ezra Courtney, who had set- 
tled in Mississippi in 1802, made frequent visits 
into the Felicianas and East Baton Rouge, and 
about that time removed and settled near the pres- 
ent town of Clinton, and in 1814 Hepzibah church 
was constituted. In 1819 West Florida was ceded 
to the United States. Other ministers came into 
this part of the State. Elisha Anders settled in 
West Feliciana, Howell Wall and W. B. Wall in 
St. Helena. As early as 1818 a small church wa» 



LOUISIANA 



719 



LOUISVILLE 



gathered in New Orleans, and enjoyed the labors 
of Benjamin Davis. 

West of the Mississippi Joseph Willis continued 
for several years to labor alone, and organized 
churches' at Cheneyville, Vermillion, Plaquemine 
Brul6, and Hickory Flat. In 1816 he was joined 
in this field by Ezekiel O'Quinn and Isham Nettles. 
On the 31st day of October, 1818, six churches jnet 
by delegates at Cheneyville, and organized the Lou- 
isiana Baptist Association, of which Joseph AVillis 
was elected moderator. Other ministers were or- 
dained, and churches increased, mainly through 
the zealous labors of Mr. Willis. 

In 1822, Rev. Henry Humble settled on the 
Ouachita River, in the parish of Catahoula, and in 
1826 the First church in Catahoula was established. 
Here, at a somewhat later day, labored Asa S. Mer- 
cer, John Hill, the Meridiths, Thomas and James, 
and many churches were gathered in the Ouachita 
region. 

In 1820, Rev. James Brinson, with a number of 
other Baptists, settled at Pine Hills, not far from 
the present town of Vienna, and organized a church 
in 1821. Here they were joined by John Impson. 
They extended their labors westward, and gathered 
a church about four miles east of Mount Lebanon, 
called Providence. It was afterwards removed to 
Athens. Not far from the present town of Minden 
they found a few Baptists, whom they gathered 
into a church called Black Lake. ' 
' In 1837 a colony, most of "whom were Baptists, 
removed from South Carolina and settled at Mount 
Lebanon, in Bienville Parish. In the company was 
Henry Adams, a colored man, who was an ordained 
Baptist preacher. A church was organized, and 
Mr. Adams became pastor. He was a man of some 
education, and was very much respected by the 
community. This church became one of the most 
active and influential in the State. 

About the same time Elias George, Samuel J. 
Larkin, and William B. Larkin began to preach in 
Union Parish, and many churches were gathered 
in a few years. 

In 1843, Rev. John Bryce, an eminent Baptist 
minister, was sent to Shreveport as collector of 
customs on imports from the republic of Texas. 
While discharging the duties of his office he 
preached in Shreveport and the surrounding coun- 
try. In 1845 a church was gathered in Shreve- 
port, and Mr. Bryce became pastor. His office of 
collector of customs having expired by the annexa- 
tion of Texas, he continued to labor in this region 
until 1850. He was joined in 1847 by A. W. Jack- 
son and Jesse Lee, two able ministers from Ala- 
bama, and on Dec. 21, 1849, the Grand Cane Asso- 
ciation was organized. 

In the Sabine region the churches were princi- 
pally planted and consolidated by the labors of 



Nathan II. Bray after 1847. There were a few 
churches before this planted by Willis and his co- 
laborers, but they were feeble and scattered. In 
1848, Mr. Bray formed them into an Association 
called Sabine. 

The Bayou Macon region, between the Ouachita 
and Mississippi Rivers, had but few Baptists pre- 
vious to 1850. Shortly after this J. P. Blake and 
D. D. Swindall began their labors there, and in 
1855 organized the Bayou Macon Association. 

Louisiana Baptist, a weekly newspaper, was 
started at Mount Lebanon, La., in 1855, by Rev. 
Hanson Lee, and conducted with such ability that 
it ranked with the ablest religious journals of the 
South. In 1862, Mr. Lee died, and the paper was 
continued by W. F. Wells, with Dr. Courtney as 
editor, and subsequently as part owner. At the 
close of the war Rev. A. S. Worrell bought it, but 
after a short connection, resold to W. F. Wells, and 
Dr. Courtney became editor, with AV. E. Paxton 
associate. At the end of the year 1869 Mr. AVells 
sold his subscription to Rev. J. R. Graves of the 
]\femphis Baptist, and the Louisiana Baptist was 
discontinued. 

Iiouisiana Baptist Convention was organized 
in 1848. Its leading objects were educational and 
missionary. Under its fostering care Mount Leb- 
anon University came into existence and other 
schools were encouraged. Its missionaries have 
penetrated into many destitute parts of the State, 
and laid the foundation for numerous churches 
now flourishing. With an active mission board, 
inspired by Rev. W. C. Friley, the State evangel- 
ist, the work of the Convention has greatly pros- 
pered for the last two years. Its operations during 
the past year secured about $6000, 

President, Rev. J. P. Everett, Shiloh, La. ; Re- 
cording Secretary, Rev. G. W. Hartsfield, Mans- 
field, La. 

Louisiana, Baptist Messenger of, is a weekly 
paper published at Farmerville, La., Rev. S. C. 
Lee editor. It started in 1879 as a semi-weekly. 
It began its second year as a weekly. It is well 
conducted, and it is rapidly growing in public favor. 

Louisville, Baptist Orphans' Home of, was 
established through the efforts of the ladies of 
Walnut Street church, in Louisville, in 1866. The 
building first occupied was a rented one. Soon 
after the house was opened, however, Mrs. J. Law- 
rence Smith, a member of the Walnut Street 
church, donated to the Orphans' Home Society 
§5000 in money and a lot of ground valued at 
S15,000, provided a sufficient amount should be 
raised to erect suitable buildings thereon. The 
sum of §22,000 was speedily secured, and in March, 
1867, the ground was broken for the foundation. 
The new home was dedicated Dec. 19, 1 870. During 
its existence 280 children have been received ; 171 



LOUISVILLE 



720 



LOWRT 



of these have been placed in good homes, 62 have 
been legally adopted in Christian families, and 41 
remain in the home. The object of the home is to 
receive such orphans as cannot be well provided for 
otherwise, and to educate and train them for useful 
employments until such time as suitable homes can 
be procured for them in private families, or until 
they are able to take care of themselves. Under 
the management of Miss Mary HoUingsworth, who 
has been matron since its organization, the home 
has been very popular, and has been well sustained 
by voluntary contributions. 

Louisville, Walnut Street Baptist Churcli 

of. — The First Baptist church in Louisville was 
organized by Rev. Henson Hobbs in 1815, and con- 
sisted of 14 members. In 1839 the church num- 
bered 539. Eighteen withdrew and formed the 
Second Baptist church. In 1849, when both 
churches were without pastors, they invited Rev. 
Thomas Smith, who accepted both calls on con- 
dition that the churches would unite and build a 
good house in an eligible locality. On Oct. 29, 
1849, both churches dissolved and formed the Wal- 
nut Street Baptist church, and the present mag- 
nificent house was erected the following year on 
the corner of Fourth and Walnut Streets. The 
first public meeting held in the finished house was 
the funeral of the pastor. The edifice cost $105,000. 
Since its erection it has been altered at considerable 
expense several times. At one time $20,000 was 
expended upon it. Its seating capacity is 1300. It 
is the mother of the other Baptist churches of 
Louisville, — a goodly family. 

Lovelace, Rev. Colmore, was bom in Mary- 
land, Nov. 26, 1795. At five years of age his 
parents removed to Kentucky. At the age of four- 
teen he united with Mount Moriah Baptist church, 
in Nelson County. He was licensed to preach at 
Severn's Valley church, in Hardin County, in 1822, 
and ordained in 1823. He was pastor of several 
churches in Salem Association, and devoted much 
time to the work of a missionary. He was distin- 
guished for his piety, zeal, and philanthropy. Few 
men were more devotedly loved or more extensively 
blessed. He baptized more than 1200 persons. He 
died in Hardin Co., Ky., March 16, 1864. 

Lovell, Rev. Andrew Sprague, son of Stephen 

and Rhoda (French) Lovell, was born in Braintree, 
Mass., in September, 1807; converted in 1825; 
studied at Maine Wesleyan Seminary, Kent's Hill, 
Readfield, Me., at Connecticut Literary Institution, 
Suffield, Conn., and at Newton Theological Semi- 
nary, Mass. ; chosen associate principal of the 
Connecticut Literary Institution in 1837 ; principal 
of the city high school in Middletown, Conn., for 
two years ; for a time the editor of The JEgis, pub- 
lished in Worcester, Mass. ; in 1847 became pastor 
of the Baptist church in Mansfield, Conri. ; ordained 



in 1848 ; in 1853 accepted a call to Bloomfield, 
Conn. ; in 1857 settled with the Baptist church in 
East Longmeadow, Mass. ; during the war was an 
agent for the Christian Commission at Newborn, 
N. C. ; in 1868 settled with the Baptist church in 
Tarififville, Conn. ; now living in Andover, Conn. ; 
very scholarly, calm, penetrating, thorough in 
thought, elegant in style, eminently sound in the 
faith ; mightier with his pen than with his voice ; 
a poet of unusually delicate taste ; a man of great 
purity and integrity. 

Lovell, Rev. N. G., was born in Rowley, now 
Georgetown, Mass., in 1806. He graduated at 
Brown University in 1833, and in the following 
October entered Newton Theological Institution. 
He was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in 
Princeton, Mass., in July, 1834. His subsequent 
settlements were at Amherst, Bellingham, and 
North Attleborough. Seventeen years of his life 
were thus devoted to the ministry. His labors 
were blessed in all his pastorates, especially in that 
of Bellingham, where there was an interesting re- 
vival of religion, followed by large additions to his 
church. He died at Valley Falls, R. I., Nov. 15, 
1851. 

Lowry, Gen. M. P., president of Blue Moun- 
tain College, Miss., ten years president of Missis- 




GE^f. M. p. I.OWRY. 



sippi Baptist Convention, distinguished as an edu- 
cator, preacher, editor, and as a brigadier-general 
in the Confederate army, was born in Tennessee in 
1828. He began to preach in Mississippi in 1852 ; 
supplied the churches at Farmington, Corinth, 




WALNUT STREET BAPTIST CHURCH, LOUISTILLE, KY. 



LOWRY 



J22 



LOXLEY 



Rienzi, Ripley, and other places; ia 1861 entered 
the Confederate service as a captain, was elected 
colonel, and for gallant conduct was made brigadier- 
general, and although he refused further promotion, 
he was often assigned to the command of a division, 
and served with distinguished ability at Corinth, 
Perryville, where he was wounded, and in that 
terrible succession of battles that followed Sher- 
man's advance into Georgia. During the war he 
preached regularly to the soldiers, and at its close 
resumed his old field ; founded Blue Mountain Fe- 
male College ; contributed two years to (Georgia 
Index, and was six years associate editor of the 
Memphis Baptist. He is also a Doctor of Divinity. 

Lowry, Rev. Jennings O'Bannon, pastor of 
Coliseum Place Baptist church, New Orleans, was 
born in Georgia in 1851, but reared in South Cai-o- 
lina. He took a literary course at Erskine College, 
S. C. After a course in theology at the Southern 
Baptist Theological Seminary, he spent some time 
at Leipsic, Germany; was pastor of St. . Francis 
Street church, Mobile, Ala., five years; called to 
New Orleans, in December, 1879. 

Lowry, Robert, D.D., was born in Philadelphia, 
Pa., March 12, 1826. His parents were members of 
the Associate Presbyterian Church. At the age of 
seventeen he became a subject of divine gi-ace. 
After reading the New Testament, he was con- 
vinced that it was his duty to follow Christ in 
baptism. He was immersed April 23, 1843, by 
Dr. George B. Ide, pastor of the First Baptist 
church, Philadelphia. He began his religious life 
with Christian work in helping to organize a Sun- 
day-school in a destitute part of the city. For sev- 
eral years he felt an irrepressible drawing towards 
the ministry, but did not venture to disclose it 
until his pastor probed his feelings and encour- 
aged him to begin a course of study. In 1848 he 
entered the university at Lewisburg, Pa., and was 
graduated in 1854, receiving valedictory honors. 
In the same year he was ordained, and called to 
the pastorate of the First Baptist church. West 
Chester, Pa. Here he remained four years, during 
which time a new church edifice was built. In 1858 
he was called to the Bloomingdale Baptist church. 
New York City. A movement for a new church 
edifice was interrupted by the breaking out of the 
civil war. In 1861 he accepted a call to the Han- 
son Place Baptist church, Brooklyn, N. Y., where 
he labored over eight years. During this pastorate 
about 400 members were added to the church. In 
1869 he was induced to accept the professorship 
of Belles-Lettres in Lewisburg, and the pastorate 
of the Baptist church. While here the new church 
edifice was dedicated. After performing this double 
work for six years, he retired, with the honorary 
title of D.D., to Plainfield, N. J. He was sub- 
sequently elected chancellor of the university. 



Shortly after reaching Plainfield a new church 
was organized, which called him to its pastorship. 
This movement led to the erection of the Park 
Avenue church at a cost of $40,000. He has al- 
ways been an active worker in the Sunday-school. 
He preaches extemporaneously, and holds tena- 
ciously to the distinctive views of Baptists. Mul- 
titudes know him as a composer of sacred song 
rather than as a preacher. His melodies are sung 
in every English-speaking land. Some of his 
hymns have been translated into foreign tongues. 
Music anS hymnology are favorite studies with 
him. Of five sons, three of whom are living, the 
oldest has given himself to the work of the min- 
istry. 

Loxley, Col. Benjamin, was born in Yorkshire, 
England, Dec. 20, 1720 ; came to Philadelphia at 
the age of sixteen, and served five years at the car- 
pentei-'s trade. Married first Jane Watkins, sister 
of his master, and on her death, Catherine Cox, 
of Upper Freehold, N.J. He had fifteen children. 
About 1755 he helped to form the 1st Artillery 
Company of Philadelphia, and went as lieutenant 
into the service under Gen. Braddock, sharing his 
defeat at Great Meadows. In 1758, Gen. Forbes 
appointed him to take charge of the king's stores 
in the province, which he did for seven years. In 
1764 he had command of the artillery which 
awaited the invasion of the " Paxton boys," of 
which Mr. Graydon gives an amusing account in 
his "Reminiscences." He describes Capt. Loxley 
as a very honest little man, " who was always 
put foremost when great guns were in question." 
In 1775, Col. Loxley was on the Committee of 
Safety for Dock Ward, and served in the Pro- 
vincial Conference and Convention of the times. 
Commanded the artillery at Aniboy, at German- 
town, and was constantly engaged in casting and 
in supplying various munitions of war. While 
driven out of Philadelphia by the British, they 
burned five of his buildings and destroyed other 
property. Some of his family also served in the 
army. Col. Loxley was early a member of the 
First Baptist church, and liberal and conspicu- 
ous in erecting its meeting-house at La Grange 
Place. Among other Baptist houses, public or' 
private, where Whitefield preached in Phila- 
delphia, was Loxley's residence, near 177 South 
Second Street, then said to be in the country. The 
front of the house was arched, and there the great 
preacher addressed thousands on the gentle hill, 
whose slope afforded a resting-place. The neigh- 
borhood was where Cadwallader drilled his " silk- 
stocking company," some of whom proved doughty 
warriors in times that tested men's souls. About 
opposite was the house of William Darrah, whose 
wife (Lydia) overheard a plot laid by certain Brit- 
ish officers, quartered upon them, to surprise Wash- 



LUCAS 



LUDLOW 



ington at Whitemarsh. She " went to mill" early 
next morning, and contrived to convey information 
whereby the danger was averted, the British not 
knowing why their plans failed. Col. Loxley died 
in the fall of 1801, aged about eighty-one years, 
leaving many of liis name and blood in Pennsylva- 
nia and New Jersey. OnB, Benjamin R. Loxley, 
was long a useful home missionary in Philadel- 
phia. Another is wife of Robert Lowry, D.D. 

Lucas, Rev. Elijah, was bom in Plymouth, 
England, in December, 1828. When quite a lad he 
accepted Christ, and united with the Wesleyan 
Methodists. In the spring of 1850 he came to 




REV. ELIJAH LUCAS. 

America, and having been for a long time troubled 
on the subject of baptism, and being convinced 
that the law of Christ required immersion, he of- 
fered himself to the First Baptist church of Troy, 
N. Y., as a candidate for baptism, and was bap- 
tized by Rev. Geo. C. Baldwin, D.D., and some 
time afterwards that church licensed him to preach. 
Mr. Lucas always shrank from the work of the 
ministry, and was at last almost thrust into it by 
the providence of God. 

His first settlement was at AVaterford and Half- 
Moon, in Saratoga Co., N. Y. He served both 
those churches, preaching three times each Lord's 
day. After laboring for about two and a half years, 
he removed in 1855 to Stanford, in Dutchess Co., 
N. Y. In 1859 he accepted a call from Greenport, 
and continued there three years. He served the 
First Baptist church in Harlem, New York City, 
nine years, after having labored .about two and a 



half years in Hastings, on the Hudson. On re- 
turning from Harlem he went to Europe, and on 
his return he accepted the unanimous call of the 
First Baptist church of Trenton, N. J., and began 
his labors there in 1873, and he is still with that 
church. 

Mr. Lucas has baptized a large number at Tren- 
ton. His church has over 1000 members, being 
the largest Baptist church, except the First of New- 
ark, in the State. Mr. Lucas is an able preacher 
and a devoted servant of the Redeemer. 

Luck, Rev. William Francis, was born Nov. 

7, 1801, in Campbell Co., Va., in 1827. He re- 
moved to Tennessee, and lived there thirty years. 
In 1857 he located in Lincoln Co., Mo. He pro- 
fessed religion in 1830, and joined the Pleasant 
Valley church, Tenn. At one time he was mis- 
sionary of the General Association of Middle Ten- 
nessee and North Alabama. He preached until 
within a few days of his death, and chiefly to four 
churches. As a preacher, he was bold and im- 
pressive. As an evangelist, he was efficient. In 
Missouri he labored much in revivals. He died 
Dec. 26, 1878. Rigid in discipline, prompt in re- 
proof, and full of the spirit of Jesus, he commanded 
the confidence and love of his brethren. 

Ludlow, Gen. Edmund, was born at Maiden- 
Bradley, in Wiltshire, England, in 1620, and edu- 
cated at Trinity College, Oxford. He was one of 
the judges that condemned Charles I. ; he was a 
distinguished general in the Parliamentary forces, 
and for a time at the head of the large English 
army necessarily kept in Ireland. He was en- 
dowed with a penetrating and independent mind ; 
and he could not be moved by fear for the mighty 
power of Cromwell, or by a desire for the great 
favors he had to bestow, to change the course he 
had selected for himself. Ludlow was a decided 
republican, and when Cromwell assumed the Pro- 
tectorate, he made a vigorous protest against the 
step, and gave up his command in Ireland. After 
the return of Charles II. to England, he went to 
Vevay, in Switzerland, where he died in 1693. His 
" Memoirs" are necessary to complete the history 
of the Parliamentary war in England. 

Richard Baxter, speaking of Cromwell, says, 
" He sent his son Henry into Ireland, who mightily 
suppress the Anabaptists, ... so that Maj.-Gen. 
Ludlow, who headed them in Ireland, was forced 
to submit."* Ludlow was a Baptist, and worthily 
he walked in days of danger and temptation. 

Ludlow, Rev. James Peter, grandson of Rev. 
Dr. Stephen Gano, of Rhode Island, was born at 
Charleston, S. C, Jan. 5, 1833. He was converted 
at sea, on the whale-shfp ■' Helen Augusta" ; bap- 
tized at Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, in February, 



LUMPKIN 



724 



LVMPKIN 



1853, by the seamen's chaplain, S. C. Damon; the 
first immersion ever witnessed at Honolulu. He 
graduated at Rochester, in 1861 from the univer- 
sity, and in 1864 from the theological seminary, 
and was ordained in 1864 by the Central church, 
Newport, R. I. 

The American Baptist Home Mission Society 
sent him to San Francisco, Cal., in 1864, at which 
place he organized, in 1865, the Tabernacle church, 
and was for sis years its successful pastor. In 
1872 he was pastor of Calvary church, Sacra- 
mento. Failing health induced him to take a sea- 
voyage around the world. With health restored, 
he became pastor at Olyrapia, Washington Terri- 
tory, where he served with great success. In 1879 
he became missionary for Puget Sound, with resi- 
dence at Seattle. He is deputy clerk of the U. S. 
District Court of Washington Territory, over which 
the Hon. Judge Roger S. Greene, his friend, and 
also a Baptist preacher, presides with marked 
ability. 

Lumpkin, Rev. John, the third of eight 

brothers, all of whom attained prominent positions, 
was the son of John and Lucy Lumpkin, who re- 
moved from Virginia and settled in Oglethorpe 
Co., Ga. He was born in Pittsylvania Co., Va., 
Nov. 4, 1785, but was brought to Georgia in his 
infixncy, and in Oglethorpe County he was reared 
and educated, and in it he labored and died. He was 
a Baptist minister of pi'ominence, usefulness, sterling 
worth, ability, and conscientious rectitude. Gov. 
Wilson Lumpkin, of Georgia, was his elder brother, 
and Judge Joseph Henry Lumpkin, chief justice of 
the Supreme bench, was his younger brother. He 
•united with County-Line church, Morgan Co., in 
1808, and was ordained the same year, and imme- 
diately was called to the care of churches. During 
his ministry he constituted the churches at Antioch 
and Salem, in Oglethorpe County, and Sardis, in 
Wilkes County ; and at the time of his death, Aug. 
1, 1839, the buildings of these three churches were 
draped in mourning. 

His life was a shining example of true Christi- 
anity. As a preacher, his sermons were more re- 
markable for their practical bearing than for 
brilliancy. In his ministerial career he labored 
diligently and persistently to win souls for Christ ; 
and God blessed his labors wonderfully. By con- 
forming his example to his precepts he made a 
deep impression upon the community where he 
lived, and left to his children a spotless name. 
During his last moments an aged minister stepped 
in to bid him a final adieu, and said, "Brother 
Lumpkin, you are now entering Jordan, how do 
you find it?" " The deeper I wade the firmer the 
bottom," was the reply. 

Lumpkin, Ex-Gov. Wilson, of Georgia, was 
born in Pittsylvania Co., Va., Jan. 14, 1783, and 



died at Athens, Ga., on the 28th December, 1870, 
at the age of eighty-seven. 

In 1786 his parents moved to Georgia, bringing 
with them the infant destined to fill so many con- 
spicuous positions in the State of his adoption. At 
eighteen years of age his mind became awakened 
to the great importance of salvation, and he expe- 
rienced peace through faith. Personal investiga- 
tion of the Scriptures led to his adoption of Baptist 
views, although his parents were Methodists, and 
his predilections were towards the Presbyterians. 
In the course of time his parents, afi"ected by his 
baptism, became Baptists themselves, after search- 
ing the Scriptures. Subsequently, others of the 




EX-GOV. WILSON LUMPKIN. 

family followed the parents into the waters of bap- 
tism, and in a short period all the adult mem- 
bers of the family united with a Baptist church. 
"God made me a Baptist," said Gov. Lumpkin 
to a friend, in after-life, " and I can never be any- 
thing else. I must be of this faith, if I am the only 
person in the world professing it," and to the end 
of his long life he remained steadfast to his convic- 
tions. 

Hardly had he attained his twenty-first year be- 
fore he was elected a member of the Legislature of 
Georgia, which met in 1804, and he discharged his 
responsible duties so satisfactorily that he was 
elected for several consecutive sessions. In 1814 
he was chosen to represent his district in the 
national councils, and took his seat at Washington 
the same year, — a year memorable for the destruc- 
tion of the national capital by the British troops. 



LUMPKIN 



725 



LUNG 



For several sessions Mr. Lumpkin was returned to 
Congress, bearing off the prize from all competi- 
tors. In 1831 he was so prominent with his party 
— the old Union party, as it was then termed — that 
he received the nomination for governor, and his 
election followed. Having served the State for two 
years, he was triumphantly re-elected in 1833. On 
retiring from the gubernatorial chair he received, 
from Gen. Jackson, an important commission in 
connection with Indian affairs, after the discharge 
of which duty he became, in 1838, a United States 
Senator. 

He had now enjoyed all the political honors the 
State could bestow, and being nearly threescore 
years of age, he sought retirement; and, pur- 
chasing a comfortable home in the vicinity of 
Athens, Ga., he spent in that locality the remainder 
of his days. The only public service he afterwards 
rendered was as a member of the board of trustees 
of the State University, of which he was the senior 
member and honored president for many yeai-s. 

Few men have lived in Georgia more universally 
popular than Gov. Lumpkin. He never failed to 
secure any office for which he was a candidate be- 
fore the people. For forty consecutive years he 
was retained in positions of high trust and honor, 
and for a much longer period, if we include his 
service as trustee of the State University. His 
popularity Avas due, in a good degree, to his un- 
swerving fidelity to the trusts he had received. If 
not a bold and dashing leader, he was a prudent 
ofi&cer, and the people felt that the public interests 
were safe in his hands. He was always ready to 
serve his friends at any reasonable sacrifice, whilst 
towards his political opponents he deported himself 
with so much courtesy that he was constantly dis- 
arming their opposition and winning them to his 
support. 

He was endowed by nature with an active and 
inquiring mind. He early learned to think for 
himself, and by this process his fine intellectual 
gifts were drawn out or educated. There were 
few subjects of importance connected with the 
science of government which had not been care- 
fully examined by him, and his opinions were 
promptly forthcoming whenever required. His 
ofiicial papers while governor, and his speeches 
while a member of Congress, are able and states- 
manlike, evincing a thorough knowledge of the 
subjects discussed ; and they are written with the 
perspicuity and good sense characteristic of a man 
who has something to say and is intent only in 
lodging his meaning in the minds of those whom 



But it was the elevated moral and religious char- 
acter dignifying and adorning the life of Gov. Lump- 
kin which constituted his highest excellence. He 
was a Christian statesman, not indifferent to the 



approbation of his fellow-men, but far more anxious 
for the honor which comes from above. With some 
honorable exceptions, politicians make poor church 
members ; but Gov. Lumpkin never furled his re- 
ligious colors for fear it might lose him the votes 
of those who were of a different religious faith. 
"Whether at his country home, where he first pro- 
fessed faith in Christ, or at Milledgeville, or in 
Washington City, or Athens, he always took his 
stand for Christ, identifying himself with his Bap- 
tist brethren, however obscure they might be. As- 
suming nothing on account of the high honors 
he had received from the State, he took his place 
among the humblest members of the church, ever 
counting it a privilege to be even a door-keeper 
in the house of God. When the work of the Lord 
was revived, no one rejoiced more than he ; and 
it was a touching sight to see him exhorting the 
youthful converts to be faithful to their vows, whenj 
they presented themselves for church-membership. 
His silvery locks and tearful eye and tremulous- 
voice emphasized his pious advice with a power 
and pathos which subdued every heart. 

He courted the confidence of his brethren more- 
than the praises of politicians. Late in life he at- 
tended a meeting of the Sarepta Association, and, 
quite unexpectedly to himself, was elected moder- 
ator. His heart was touched by the respect thus 
expressed, and he subsequently remarked that no 
office which worldly men had conferred ever gave 
him such pleasure as the confidence thus exhibited 
by his brethren in calling him to preside over their 
deliberations. He was a man of great faith and 
large heart, and with a nature as tender and sen- 
sitive as a woman's. Afflictions severe and fre- 
quent kept his heart soft. " He had," said one 
who knew him most intimately, " as much real, 
heart-breaking, continued trouble as any one I 
have ever known, yet such was his faith in God 
that he could rejoice at all times." He was ac- 
customed to say, " I would rather walk in the dark 
with God than go alone in the light. My dear 
Lord appoints all my troubles, and I brush away 
the coming tears when I think that it is his will." 

At the time of his death he was probably the 
oldest Baptist, as he was certainly among the 
oldest citizens, of the State. He served his gener^ 
ation faithfully, by the will of God, and then fell 
asleep, — that 

" blessed sleep, 
From which none ever wakes to weep." 

Lung, Rev. A. H., was born in Rush, Susque- 
hanna Co., Pa., Nov. 1, 1826. He received his- 
first lessons at school from Benj. F. Bently, now 
Judge Bently, of Williamsport, Pa. 

At the age of eleven years he found Christ, and 
was baptized at thirteen by Rev. Davis Dimock, 
and became a member of the Rush Baptist church. 



LUNSFORD 



726 



LUSH 



For two years he taught school. He then became 
a student in Hartford Academy, in Northeastern 
Pennsylvania, and after two and a half years was 
admitted into Lewisburg University, and gradu- 
ated in 1853. He entered the theological semi- 
nary at Rochester, N. Y., and completed his course 
in the class of 1855. 

Acting as a supply, he preached as opportunity 
offered until May, 1857, when he became pastor of 
the Baptist church at Canandaigua, N. Y., and was 
ordained the following August. 

Here he labored with marked success until the 
breaking out of the war. In January, 1862, he 
was commissioned as chaplain of the 33d Regiment 
N. Y. Vols. While on the Peninsula, Va., he was 
attacked with severe illness, and for several days 
lay in the hospital at Fortress Monroe at the point 
of death. Recovering, he remained with his regi- 
ment until it was mustered out of service, a little 
before the battle of Gettysburg, after which he re- 
sumed his pastorate at Canandaigua. In Septem- 
ber, 1864, he was called to the pastorate of the 
First Baptist church of Germantown, Philadelphia. 
Here his ministry was signally blessed in the con- 
version of many souls. In 1866 he laid the corner- 
stone of the chapel now known as the Second 
Baptist church of Germantown, and his church dis- 
missed a colony to aid in forming the organization. 

In 1867 he was permitted to enjoy the most gra- 
cious revival of his whole ministry. In a single 
year he gave the hand of fellowship to 202 new 
members, 179 of whom were received by baptism. 

In 1868 he planted a mission in Lower German- 
town, erected a chapel, and organized a clmrch, 
which became the Third Baptist church of Gor- 
mantown. 

He became its pastor, and remained with it 
with much success until June, 1872. In that 
year he was called to take the pastorate of the 
Trinity church of Camden, N. J. He is now in 
his ninth year with this church, which has grown 
from 90 to about 400 members. Mr. Lung has 
baptized 712 persons during his ministry. 

He is a member of the board of trustees of Lew- 
isburg University and of South Jersey Institute. 
He is also a member of the board of managers of 
the New Jersey Baptist Education Society and of 
the American Baptist Historical Society. He is a 
diligent worker, a conscientious Christian, and a 
•successful pastor. 

Lunsford, Rev. Lewis, was bom in the county 
of Stafford, Va., about the year 1753. He was 
baptized by the Rev. Wm. Fristoe, and, uniting 
with the Potomac church, now Hortwood, he 
began at once to preach. His labors in the North- 
ern Neck of Virginia were greatly blessed, and 
many were added to the churches which he him- 
self had organized. In the year 1778 he was 



chosen pastor of the Moratico church, just then 
constituted, and he continued in that relation until 
his death, which occurred Oct. 26, 1793. Mr. Luns- 
ford, in many respects, was a remarkable man. 
His zeal in the work of his Master is seen in the 
fact that he would sometimes rise from his sick- 
bed and preach a thrilling sermon to the waiting 
crowds ; also in the fact that he would start on long 
and wearisome journeys in the most stormy weather 
to meet either regular or special appointments. 
His journeyings took him three different times as 
far as Kentucky, preaching the gospel everywhere, 
and he was listened to by thronging crowds of 
anxious and delighted hearers. In his spare hours 
he was a diligent student, and among his acquire- 
ments was quite an accurate knowledge of medi- 
cine, which made him specially useful among fam- 
ilies to whom he might, otherwise, not have had 
access. As a man, Lunsford stood among the fore- 
most in his State for consistency of character, ami- 
ability of deportment, and an example of all the 
nobler traits of human nature ; while his powers 
of reasoning, the keenness of his sarcasm, and his 
undaunted spii-it, made him a terror to the wicked. 
As a preacher, he had but few equals in his day. 
His presence was commanding ; his voice strong 
and well modulated ; his conceptions quick and 
elevated ; and his whole manner attractive in the 
highest degree. Lunsford, with other Baptists of 
those days, met with considerable persecution at 
the hands of the ignorant and the bigoted. He 
was frequently threatened, sometimes assaulted, 
and more than once in great danger ; but his pru- 
dence and perseverance overcame, in a measure, 
this hostility. Dr. Jeter has said of him, " He 
was eminently useful, and the churches which he 
founded have enjoyed a large measure of pros- 
perity. ... He would have been distinguished in 
any age and country ; . . . and, though taken from 
the field of labor in the vigor of his days, but few 
have accomplished more than he for the extension 
of the Redeemer's kingdom." 

Lush, The Eight Honorable Sir Robert, a 
lord justice of the English High Court of Ap- 
peals, has been for many years a prominent mem- 
ber of the Baptist denomination in England. He 
was born at Shaftesbury, Wiltshire, Oct. 25, 1807, 
and was educated in his native town. He was 
called to the bar in 1840, and practised with suc- 
cess in the Chancery courts, his professional ser- 
vices being held in high esteem by the leading 
commercial men of the metropolis. In 1857 he ob- 
tained the dignity of Queen's counsel, and in 1865 
he was elevated to the bench and received the honor 
of knighthood, to which has since been added the 
dignity of a Privy Counsellor. Sir Robert Lush 
married the daughter of the Rev. Christopher 
Woollacot, many years pastor of the venerable 



LUTHER 



727 



LVTHER 



church in Little Wild Street, London, and with 
that church he was associated until the organiza- 




THE EIGHT HONORABLE SIR ROBERT LUSH. 

tion of the Regent's Park church, under Dr. Lan- 
dels, in 1857. Since that time he has served the 
church in the office of deacon with zeal and devo- 
tion, and has been a ready helper of the pastor in 
every good work. He has also taken a lively in- 
terest in the Missionary Society, and has been for 
several years one of the treasurers of the Particular 
Baptist Fund. Several treatises on points of law 
attest his professional eminence, and he was gazetted 
in 1878 as one of the members of the Royal Com- 
mission appointed to inquire into the provisions of 
the Draft Code relating to Indictable Offenses. 

Luther, John Hill, D.D., was born in Warren, 
R. I., June 21, 1824. On his mother's side he is 
of Huguenot origin, while his ancestors on the 
father's side were among the Welsh emigrants 
who founded one of the earliest Baptist churches 
on the American continent, the Rev. Samuel 
Luther being the second pastor of the Swansea 
Baptist church. He graduated at Brown Uni- 
versity in 1847. Among his classmates were Prof. 
G. P. Fisher, of Yale College ; Dr. J. P. Boyce, of 
the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary ; R. A. 
Guild, LL.D., of Providence ; and Benjamin Thomas, 
a missionary to Burmah. He graduated at New- 
ton Theological Seminary in 1850 ; taught three 
years in Georgia before ordination ; was pastor of 
Blackswamp and Old Pendleton churches, S. C, 
1854-58 ; president of Young Ladies' Seminary in 
Kansas City, Mo., 1858-61 ; pastor of Miami 
church during the war, 1861-65; of Palmyra 



church, 1865-68 ; established The Central Baptist 
in St. Louis, Mo., in 1866, and edited it for nine 
and a half years; pastor of Fee Fee church in 
St. Louis Co., Mo., the oldest Protestant church 
west of the Mississippi ; pastor of Second Baptist 
church, Galveston, Texas, one year, ending August, 
1878 ; now president of Baylor Female College, In- 
dependence, Texas. His training under Wayland, 
Sears, and Hackett, his association with Sherwood 
and Campbell, of Georgia, Johnson and the elder 
Manly, of South Carolina, have fitted him for ex- 
tended usefulness. The journals of Louisville and 
Boston speak of him as a fine rhetorical scholar, a 
thorough theologian, and an accomplished editor. 
AVilliam Jewell College conferred on him the de- 




JOHN HILL LUTHER, D.D. 

gree of D.D. He is also a member of the Phi Beta 
Kappa Society. He is in the prime of his powers. 

Luther, Rev. Robert M., was born in Philadel- 
phia, Pa., in 1842. At the age of fifteen he united 
with the Chambers Presbyterian church, in Phila- 
delphia. For more than two years he continued 
his connection with this body, and pursued prepar- 
atory studies with a view to entering the Christian 
ministry. In August, 1859, through witnessing a 
baptism in the Tabernacle church, Philadelphia, 
administered by Rev. W. T. Brantly, D.D., he was 
led to be baptized according to the requirements of 
the Scriptures. 

This course involved a temporary separation from 
his relatives, and gave him a practical experience 
of the blessedness of putting his whole trust in the 
Lord, which determined to some extent his after- 
course. 



LYNDON 



728 



LYNDON 



He was licensed to preach by the Nicetown 
church of Philadelphia in 1860, and after com- 
pleting his studies at Princeton, N. J., was ordained 
April 4, 1864, by a council called by the Nicetown 
church. About a year previous to this time he had 
decided to enter the foreign mission field. In May, 
1864, having recently married Calista, only daughter 
of Rev. Dr. J. H. Vinton, our sainted missionary 
to the Karens, Mr. Luther and his Avife sailed for 
Burmah, and having joined the Rangoon mission 
to the Karens, they began there the work of edu- 
cating the future preachers and teachers of the 
mission. Mr. Luther was chosen president of the 
Pegu High and Normal School. The mathematical 
department was committed to Mrs. Luther. The 
theological class numbered usually about 25 mem- 
bers, and was conducted entirely by Mr. Luther. 
The vacation of four months was spent in jungle 
work and in conducting a series of evangelistic 
labors among the heathen. Having studied medi- 
cine, much of the influence attained over the heathen 
communities was due to Mr. Luther's medical skill, 
and thus by a combination of labors he and his 
faithful wife were enabled to do good service for 
Christ and the church. They were not appointed 
by any society, preferring to labor independently, 
and upon the work of the Rangoon mission they 
expended their entire property. Excessive labor 
and exposure ruined Mr. Luther's health, and he 
was carried on board ship in January, 1870, and 
supposed to be at the point of death. The voyage, 
however, and the unwearied care of his devoted 
companion, saved his life, and he landed, after more 
than six years' absence, in July, 1870, upon his 
native shores. 

He has since been actively engaged in the work 
of the ministry in this country. He served the 
Fifth Baptist church of Philadelphia for seven 
months as stated supply, during which period about 
100 were led to Christ, principally from the Sab- 
bath-school. Needing a colder climate in order to 
control the frequent attacks of the malarial disease 
contracted in the Burmese jungles, he accepted a 
call to Bennington, Vt., where he remained for 
more than nine years, having a very successful 
pastorate. He resigned his charge at the request 
of the Executive Committee of the American Bap- 
tist Missionary Union, at the same time declining 
a call from the church at Waltham, Mass., to ac- 
cept the position of district secretary of the Mis- 
sionary Union for the Southern District. He 
entered upon his labors Oct. 1, 1880. 

Lyndon, Gov. Jonas, was born in Newport, 
R. I., March 10, 1704. His relatives were among 
the honored and respected citizens of his birth- 
place, and he received in early life a good educa- 
tion. At the age of twenty-six he was chosen 
clerk of the lower house of the General Assembly, 



and of the Superior Court of the county of New- 
port, which offices he held for many years, dis- 
charging his duties with great fidelity. The year 
1758 is memorable in Rhode Island history, it 
being the year in which commenced an exciting 
struggle for the governorship between the friends 
of Samuel Ward and Stephen Hopkins. Strife 
raged with great violence until, as we are told, 
" such was the heart-burning hostility of the bel- 
ligerent parties as very greatly to impair the enjoy- 
ment of domestic tranquillity and interrupt the 
hospitalities of social life." Success and defeat at 
difi"erent times fell to the lot of the rival candidates, 
and for ten years the State was the scene of bitter 
animosity. At last the parties interested seem to 
have been aware that the time had come to put an 
end to the quarrel, and amicable arrangements 
were made for the election of a governor, both Mr. 
Ward and Mr. Hopkins stepping aside to give place 
for the introduction of a new name. It is an in- 
dication of the esteem in which Jonas Lyndon was 
held by his fellow-citizens that he was at once se- 
lected as a candidate to fill the most important 
position in the State, and chosen by them to occupy 
the gubernatorial chair, his term of service com- 
mencing May 1, 1768. Gov. Lyndon came into 
office at a time of great interest in the colonies. 
Signs of growing hostility to the arbitrary measures 
of the British government were exhibiting them- 
sfelves on all hands. In Rhode Island, where there 
was the declaration of sincere loyalty to the crown, 
there was no hesitancy in giving utterance to an 
earnest protest against the infringement of the 
rights of the citizens. In Bartlett's " Records of 
the Colony of Rhode Island" we find a lengthy 
correspondence between Gov. Lyndon and the Earl 
of Hillsborough touching matters in which the 
citizens of Rhode Island felt the deepest interest, 
and a letter also which the governor wrote to the 
king. In the letter, after giving expression to the 
most loyal afi'ection for " His Most Excellent Ma- 
jesty," Gov. Lyndon and the "Company of the 
English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence 
Plantations in New England in General Assembly 
convened, beg leave with great humility to lay 
before your majesty a representation of our griev- 
ances, and to ofier our humble supplications for 
redress." After alluding to the close ties which 
unite them to the mother-country, and briefly re- 
hearsing the history of the events which led to the 
establishment of the New England colonies, and 
dwelling with emphasis on the rights and immuni- 
ties guaranteed to Rhode Island by the charter of 
King Charles II., especially the " exclusive right of 
giving and granting their own money by themselves 
or by their representatives," the letter of Gov. 
Lyndon goes on to say, " It is with the greatest 
concern and grief that your majesty's loyal subjects 



LYNDON 



LYON 



k 



in this colony find their property given and granted 
by your majesty's Parliament without their con- 
sent. Although we have the -highest veneration 
for that most august body, to whom we cheerfully 
and readily submit, as to the supreme legislature 
of the whole empire, in all things consistent with 
the first and most fundamental rights of nature, 
yet we humbly conceive that the late acts of 
Parliament imposing duties and taxes upon your 
majesty's subjects in America, not for the regula- 
tion of commerce merely, but for the express pur- 
pose of raising a revenue, thereby giving and 
granting the property of the Americans, without 
their consent, to be an infringement of those rights 
and privileges derived to us from nature, and from 
the British constitution, and conformed by our 
charter, and the uninterrupted enjoyment of them 
for more than a century past.'' This letter, ex- 
pressive of the sentiments of the General Assembly 
of Rhode Island, and signed by its patriotic gov- 
ernor, was accompanied with two others to the 
Earl of Hillsborough, in which the same views 
were presented. The three communications were 
sent to Joseph Sherwood, Esq., the agent of the 
colony in London, to whom the governor wrote, 
" By these you will know the sentiments of the 
General Assembly upon the late acts of Parliament 
for raising a I'evenue upon the free inhabitants of 
the colonies without their consent. They look 
upon them as incompatible with their rights, and 
with their existence as a free people ; and they 
have no doubt but that you will exert your utmost 
endeavors to obtain a repeal of these acts." Those 
letters to the king and the Earl of Hillsborough 
produced no change in the policy of the British 
Parliament. Mr. Sherwood in communicating the 
circumstances that he had delivered the documents 
forwarded to his care, writes, " We learned yes- 
terday from one of his majesty's ministers that 
the legislature is determined not to repeal those 
acts for the present, but to enforce the execution 
of them ; yet such enforcement is intended to be 
executed with lenity and mildness if it can ; but at 
all events the execution of those acts will at present 
be enforced, according to the best information we 
can get." 

The administration of Gov. Lyndon continued 
but for one year, from May 1, 1768, to May 1, 
1769. His declination for another term seems to 
have been a voluntary act on his part. It may be 
that he saw that difficulties and dangers were 
gathering around the colony, and he shrank from 
the grave responsibilities which might fall upon 
him as the chief magistrate of the State. His 
habits of life rather fitted him for the quiet clerical 
pursuits in which he had so long been engaged. 
The Hon. J. R. Bartlett speaks of him as " of an 
amiable and something of a literary character ; he 
47 



had been many years clerk of the Court of Common 
Pleas for the county of Newport, which place he 
held undisturbed by either party. He was of mild 
and inoffensive manners ; moderate in politics, as 
well as in his general deportment. He held the 
place of governor only one year, when, by his own 
consent, he left the gubernatorial chair to resume 
his former office of clerk of the Common Pleas, 
which place he held until his death." 

Although not a communicant. Gov. Lyndon was 
a warm friend and supporter of the First Baptist 
church of Newport, and a constant attendant on its 
worship. In conjunction with another person, 
Hezekiah Carpenter, he gave the lot on which 
the church edifice stands, and also a parsonage, 
which stood on the lot on which the " Perry 
House" was subsequently built. Upon the occu- 
pancy of Newport by the British he removed to 
Warren, R. I., where he died of smallpox, March 
30, 1778. 

Lynn, Rev. Benjamin, " the Daniel Boone of 
the Kentucky pulpit," is known only as the hunter- 
preacher of Southern Kentucky. The earliest ac- 
count we have of him is that he was a wandering 
hunter in the Green River Valley before its settle- 
ment. As soon as a few people had settled in 
stockade forts along the river to which he had 
given his name, he foi'med No-Lynn (now called 
South Fork) church of Separate Baptists, in 1782, ac- 
cording to tradition, in what is now La Rue County. 
Three years after he gathered Pottingess Creek 
church, in Nelson County, and a little later Level- 
woods church, in La Rue County. His name is 
connected with the traditions and, in some cases, 
with the earliest records of the oldest churches lo- 
cated in Southern Kentucky, near the Tennessee 
line. His name is preserved in No-Lynn (now 
written Nolin) River, Lynn Camp Creek, Nolin 
church, Lynn Association, and other localities and 
religious bodies. 

Lyon, Rev. Albert Jonathan, was born in 
Sturbridge, Mass., July 11, 1848. When he was 
ten years of age his family removed to Newport, 
Minn. He was prepared for college by Rev. Dr. 
Drury. While pursuing his studies he became a 
Christian, and was baptized by his father, Rev. A. 
S. Lyon, in June, 1863. One year of his univer- 
sity course was spent in Shurtleff, and the last 
three in Rochester University, where he graduated 
in 1871. He entered the Rochester Theological 
Seminary to prepare for the ministry, and decided 
to offer himself as a missionary. He sailed from 
New York Oct. 24, 1877, and arrived at Rangoon 
December 27. He reached Bhamo Feb. 13, 1878. 
He was soon attacked by a fever, and died March 
15. Thus, on the threshold of life a promising 
young missionary was cut off. His loss was deeply 
felt by his companions in Christian labor. 



MAC ARTHUR 



730 



MACKENZIE 



M. 



MacArthur, Robert Stuart, D.D., was born at 
Dale^ville, Quebec, Canada, July 31, 1841. His 
parents came from the Highlands of Scotland to 
Canada. His father is a Presbyterian, but his 




ROBERT STUART MACARTHUR, D.D. 

mother and other membei-s of the family are Bap- 
tists. He was converted at the age of thirteen, and 
baptized at Dalesville. He was zealous as a church 
member, and at eighteen began to hold religious 
meetings and address the people. He prepared 
for college at the Canadian Literary Institute at 
Woodstock, Canada ; was graduated at the Univer- 
sity of Rochester in 1867, taking in the course the 
Sophomore prize for declamation, and the gold 
medal for the best written and delivered oration 
at graduation. He was licensed to preach Sept. 
25, 1868 ; was graduated in the theological semi- 
nary at Rochester in 1870. While in the seminary 
he preached on Sunday evenings at Lake Avenue 
chapel, which resulted in many conversions and 
the organization of a church now flourishing. 

In June, 1870, he accepted the call of the Cal- 
vary Baptist church, on Twenty-third Street, New 
York, where he has since labored with marked 
ability and success. He is now one of the leading 
ministers in that city. 



MacgOWan, Rev. Jolm, was born in Edin- 
burgh, Scotland, about 1726. He was converted 
among the Wesleyan Methodists, and by them or- 
dained to the ministry. Discovering the unscrip- 
tural character of Arminianism, he left the Meth- 
odists and united with the Congregationalists ; 
light continuing to increase upon him, he followed 
the Saviour in immersion. In July, 1767, he was 
ordained pastor of the Devonshire Square church, 
London. He continued in this office till his death, 
which occurred Nov. 25, 1780. 

Mr. Macgowan had a powerful imagination, a 
clear intellect, and a heart full of love to Jesus. 

As an author, he became well known beyond the 
limits of his own denomination. His " Dialogues 
of Devils" has passed through a number of edi- 
tions, and its pages are well known on both sides 
of the Atlantic ; this book deserves a place in the 
library of every Christian. His other books are 
" The Shaver, or Priestcraft Defended ; a sermon, 
occasioned by the expulsion of six young gentle- 
men from the University of Oxford for praying, 
reading, and expounding the Scriptures ; humbly 
dedicated to Mr. A'^ice-Chancellor and the Heads 
of Houses;" "Sermons on the Book of Ruth;" 
" The Arian and Socinian Monitor." 

Mackenzie, Hon. Alexander, ex-prime minis- 
ter of the Dominion of Canada, was born Jan. 28, 
1822, in Logierait, Perthshire, Scotland. In his 
boyhood he attended the public schools of Moulin, 
Dunkeld, and Perth ; but at the age of fourteen 
the death of his father made it necessary for him 
to engage in industrial pursuits. He learned the 
business of an architect and builder, which he folr 
lowed for a time in the neighborhood of Irvine, on 
the coast of Ayrshire. During his stay there he 
became the subject of saving grace, and united 
with the Baptist chui-ch in Irvine, then under the 
pastoral care of the late Dr. Leechman. In 1842 he 
emigrated to Canada, and settled in Sarnia, on the 
St. Clair River, where he commenced business as 
a contractor, meeting with well-merited success. 
This was a period of great political excitement in 
the Canadian colony, on the subject of Responsible 
Government. The masses of the people, in oppo- 
sition to the ruling faction, demanded that public 
aifairs should no longer be managed under the ir- 
responsible control of Downing Street nominees, 
but that Cabinet ministers should have seats in the 
Canadian Legislature, and be responsible to the 
Parliament of Canada for every executive act. 



MACKENZIE 



MACLAREN 



The contest was long and bitter ; but at a gen- 
eral election, in 1848', the Reformers were com- 
pletely victorious, and popular government became 
firmly established. It was not possible for a man 




HON. ALEXANDER .11 ACKE.NZIE. 

•of Mr. Mackenzie's strong political convictions and 
sympathies to stand idly by when such a struggle 
was in progress. Very shortly after his arrival in 
the country he espoused the cause of the people, 
and was soon recognized as one of its most earnest 
and fearless advocates. In process of time he be- 
•came the acknowledged editor of the Lambton 
Shield, a Liberal paper, which he conducted for 
«everal years in Sarnia with distinguished ability. 
He was first elected to Parliament in June, 1861, 
as member for the county of Lambton, of which 
Sarnia is the county town, and at every succeeding 
■election he has been returned for the same constitu- 
ency. From the beginning of his parliamentary 
■career he has taken a prominent part in the coun- 
cils of the nation. He contributed very largely to 
the success of the scheme of British American con- 
federation, which was accomplished in 1865. In 
the fall of that year he was offered a seat in the 
Federal Cabinet, which he declined because he 
<3oald not approve the commercial policy of the 
government. In 1871 he was elected to the local 
Legislature of Ontario, as representative of West 
Middlesex, and soon after became a member of the 
Provincial Administration. But finding it inexpe- 
•dient for a member of the Federal Parliament to 
busy himself with local legislation, he resigned 
l)0th seat and oflSce in 1872, and has since given 



his undivided attention to the politics of the Do- 
minion. Soon after this he became the recognized 
leader of the Liberal party, and in 1873 he was 
made prime minister of Canada. For five years 
he discharged the duties of this exalted position 
with rare wisdom and fidelity, laying the country 
of his adoption under a debt of gratitude, which 
history will not fail to record. In 1875-76 he vis- 
ited Great Britain, where he was warmly welcomed 
by Queen Victoria and the leading statesmen of 
the empire. In Scotland his visit was a series of 
ovations, men of all ranks and parties uniting to 
do him honor. He received the " freedom" of sev- 
eral Scotch burghs, and many other marks of pop- 
ular appreciation ; but the order of knighthood, 
tendered him by her majesty in recognition of his 
distinguished public services, he felt himself obliged 
to decline. 

Mr. Mackenzie is a man of superior mental cul- 
ture and of great intellectual power. In private 
life he manifests the most kindly disposition, with- 
out the slightest ostentation or assumption. He is 
(1881) a member of the Jarvis Street Baptist 
church, Toronto, Ontario, a trustee of the To- 
ronto Baptist College, and a warm friend to the 
work of the denomination generally. 

Maclaren, Alexander, D.D., was born in Glas- 
gow, Scotland, in 1825. His father was for many 
years a pastor of the Scotch Baptist church in that 
city, and was held in high reputation by his brethren 
as an expositor of the divine Word. ' On his father's 
removal to Australia, he attended the ministry of 
Dr. James Paterson, for forty-six years pastor of 
the Hope Street Baptist church in Glasgow, and 
was baptized on May 7, 1840. When not much 
more than sixteen years of age he was entered at 
Stepney College, London, as a student for the min- 
istry. He made thorough and honorable progress 
in all the studies of that seminary, and at the close of 
the course took the B.A. degree at the London Uni- 
versity, with the prize for proficiency in the Hebrew 
and Greek Scriptures. His first settlement was at 
Portland chapel, Southampton, where a notable 
minister, Rev. John Pulsford, had preached for a 
few years, and a very mixed congregation had been 
gathered. At the time of Mr. Maclaren's settle- 
ment the attendance was small, and for some years 
few, if any, signs of progress appeared. The 
young minister was for a time uncertain whether 
his ministry should be continued, but he persevered 
in his course, making for himself the reputation of 
an original and reverent thinker. His peculiar 
treatment of sacred themes in the pulpit, and his 
unclerieal attire, led some of his neighbors to think 
he was heterodox. But Mr. Maclaren lived down 
all suspicion of heterodoxy, and it became evident 
to all that the town possessed in the young Baptist 
pastor a public teacher of great gifts. The church 



MA CLAY 



732 



MA CLAY 



was filled, and ultimately crowded. In 1858 he 
was induced to remove to Manchester, to become 
pastor of a church founded on similar principles 
of organization to that at Southampton. Since that 
time his fame as a preacher and writer has steadily 
risen. The great mercantile city cherishes his name 
as one of her choice possessions, while the literary 
and theological world esteems Dr. Maclaren one of 
the foremost preachers of the age. By the denomi- 
nation he is regarded as a tower of strength ; his 
attachment to the distinctive tenets of the body 
being known to all. He filled the chair of the 
Baptist Union in 1875, and is a zealous promoter 
of the missions and other denominational enter- 
prises. He is in great request as a lecturer, but for 
the most part he gives himself to pulpit and pas- 
toral work. A very large edifice recently built is 
already too small to accommodate the congregation, 
and the church is the centre of evangelistic ac- 
tivity. Several editions of his sermons have been 
published on both sides of the Atlantic. He has 
also written a little book on Italy, which attracted 
favorable notice. The Edinburgh University grace- 
fully tendered him the degree of D.D. in 1878, in 
recognition of his distinguished ability as a theolo- 
gian and a preacher. 

Maclay, Archibald, D.D., was born in Kil- 
learn, Scotland, May 14, 1778, and died in New 




York, May 2, 1860. The family removed to Glas- 
gow, where he formed the acquaintance of the learned 
Christian philanthropist, Robert Haldane. To him 
he made known his wish to prepare for the min- 



istry, and Mr. Haldane gave him the means to 
procure an education. In 1802 he commenced 
preaching as a Congregationalist at Kirkcaldy, in 
Fifeshire. In 1804 he was appointed a missionary 
to the East Indies, but the British government in- 
terfered and the project was abandoned. Then, 
through the advice of Mr. Haldane, he sailed for 
New York ; commenced preaching in Rose Street, 
and soon organized a Congregational church. 
Three years later his investigations and convic- 
tions led him to unite with the Baptists, and the 
majority of his church in Rose Street followed him. 

A Baptist church, now known as the Tabernacle 
chui'ch, was organized, of which he remained pastor 
until 1837, when he resigned, to become the gen- 
eral agent of the American and Foreign Bible So- 
ciety. He labored with great success in this work 
for thirteen years, traveling over all parts of the 
United States and the British provinces. The Bible 
Translation Society of England was one of the re- 
sults of his labors. In 1850 he assisted in organ- 
izing, and became the general agent of the Ameri- 
can Bible Union, whose main object was the revision 
of the English Bible. Becoming dissatisfied with 
its management, he withdrew from it in 1856, and 
published his reasons for so doing. 

One of his addresses in favor of faithful transla- 
tions was issued in several languages, and more 
than a hundred thousand copies of it circulated. 
He was a superior preacher, an able writer, and a 
successful minister. 

Maclay, Hon. William B., son of Archibald 
Maclay, D.D., Avas born in New York in 1812. 
After four years at the University of New York he 
was graduated with the highest honors of his class 
in 1836, the valedictory being awarded to him by 
the faculty. He was immediately elected a mem- 
ber of the council of the university, which position 
he still holds. He was elected to the Legislature 
of New York in 1840, 1841, and 1842. He is known 
as the author of bills which passed the Legislature 
which greatly improved the facilities of the higher 
courts in their work, and lessened the expenses of 
litigation. In 1842 he drafted a bill, which became 
a law, establishing the present system of public 
schools of New York, of which he has the honor 
of being the founder. Mr. Maclay has been five 
times elected a representative in Congress from his 
city. "With great credit he served on the Com- 
mittee of Ways and Means, on the Committee on 
Naval Affairs, and on other important committees. 
He was prominent in securing a reduction of letter 
postage, and published his views in Hunt's Mer- 
chant/!' Magazine. He had the faculty of stating his 
opinions on all public questions with clearness and 
force, and therefore carried his points in State and 
national legislation. It is admitted by statesmen 
that he has given the clearest account of our title 



MA CLAY 



733 



MACON 



to Oregon of any man, and put that matter beyond 
dispute. Since his retirement from Congress he 
has held no office except that of commissioner of 
the New York and Braoklyn Bridge Company. 
lie is a member and supporter of the Madison Ave- 
nue Baptist congregation. 

Maclay, William W., a grandson of Rev. Dr. 
Arcliiltahl ]Miiclay, was born in the city of New 
York, Marcli 27, 1845. He- was graduated from 
the U. S. Naval Academy in 1863, and was imme- 
diately commissioned ensign in the navy. For gal- 
lant conduct he was promoted to the grade of 
master in 1865. He served with Admiral Porter 
in both bombardments of Fort Fisher, in 1864 and 
1865. In 1867 he was commissioned lieutenant, and 
in 1868 was again promoted, to lieutenant-com- 
mander. In the same year he was made fleet- 
lieutenant and acting fleet-captain in the U. S. 
Asiatic Squadron. Again, in 1868, he was ap- 
pointed instructor of mathematics in the Naval 
Academy at Annapolis. In 1870 he was elected 
corresponding member of the U. S. Geographical 
Society, and was awarded the gold medal by the 
society on practical engineering, and was then ap- 
pointed an engineer of the dock commission of the 
city of New York, which position he still holds. 
His rapid promotion was the result of his peculiar 
fitness and ability for the service assigned him. 
His essay was published in a pamphlet of over fifty 
pages in the " Transactions of the American Society 
of Civil Engineers," and shows great industry and 
remarkable talent in that field of labor. 

Macon, Hon. Nathaniel, was born in Warren 
Co., N. C. He was a soldier of the Revolution, 
and a member of the U. S. Congress for thirty- 
six years ; whom John Randolph, his life-long 
friend, remembered in his will, describing him as 
" the wisest man I ever knew ;" and whom Jefier- 
son characterized as ''the last of the Romans." 
He was a great reader of the Bible and a staunch 
Baptist, because the New Testament made him 
one. While in college at Princeton, N. J., nigh 
the then seat of war, in 1777, he enlisted in 
the Continental army for a short term. When 
^.he emergency passed he studied law, but when 
the seat of war was transferred south he again 
enlisted. Refusing a commission, he served as a 
private ; was at the fall of Charleston and the de- 
feat at Camden, S. C. ; retreated with Greene be- 
fore Cornwallis in Virginia, but saw his surrender 
at Yorktown ; retired from the army only when 
the preliminary treaty of peace was signed in 
17'^2, and refused all pay during his service and 
-i pension after the war. His ability and integrity 
led to his choice, while a youth and in the army, 
in 1780, as a State senator, where he served till 
1785. He opposed the payment of the depreciated 
State currency except at its market value, on the 



ground that speculators from covetousness had 
robbed the soldiers in their need. From 1787 to 
1789 he opposed the adoption of the U. S. Consti- 
tution as giving a power liable to be abused to the 
oppression of the people. In 1791 he entered the 
U. S. Congress ; was a member of the lower house 
till 1815, and Speaker from 1801 to 1806, and was 
then in the U. S. Senate from 1816 to 1828, serving 
as president jjro tem. from 1825 to 1827. He stead- 
ily declined cabinet positions, twice refusing Jef- 
ferson's efforts to secure his services as postmaster- 
general, and remonstrating when, in 1824, Virginia 
cast her twenty-four electoral votes for him as Vice- 
President. In Congress, as in his State, he op- 
posed speculators in the Continental currency. He 
supported the second war with Great Britain only 
on the ground that defensive, not offensive, war was 
justifiable. He voted for the embargo, but against 
privateering, the increase of the navy, and the 
building of forts, except for home defense. From 
the conviction that true philanthropy, as well as 
patriotism, could not be mercenary, he voted in 
1795 against a grant of lands to the Count de 
Grasse, and in 1824 to the Marquis de La Fayette. 
When his principles triumphed in the election of 
Gen. -Jackson, he felt that he could withdraw from 
national afiairs. During his long public life, the 
sagacity as well as integrity of Mr. Macon won the 
esteem of all parties. Called in 1835 to preside in the 
convention that revised the constitution of North 
Carolina, his marked consistency again appeared. 
He opposed the " freehold" qualification of voters 
because it fostered a landed aristocracy. An 
avowed and devout Christian believer, he opposed 
all religious tests from official candidates, since the 
conscientious doubter was more reliable than an 
unscrupulous taker of an oath. The last public 
position held by Mr. Macon was that of Presidential 
elector in 1836, when Mr. Van Buren was chosen. 
To a friend who blamed his independent course, he 
explained in these memorable words, under date 
Warren Co., N. C, Oct. 6, 1836, " I think better of 
the people than most men. I have tried them in 
every way, and never found them wanting." He 
was taken sick only a few hours before his death. 
He had ordered a plain wooden coffin, and had di- 
rected that he should be buried on a rocky knoll, 
where the plow could never find soil to tear, and 
that -a heap of loose stones only should mark his 
grave. The only memoir of his life, that of Ed- 
ward R. Cotton, Baltimore. 1840, is out of print. 
He died June 29, 1837. The Democratic Eeview 
for October, 1837, Washington, D. C, thus opens 
its notice : " There is no man in the history of this 
country who is destined to a higher or a more per- 
petual fame than Nathaniel Macon of North Caro- 
lina." The pupils of Dr. Wayland will imagine 
his ethical views echoed as by telephone from 



MADISON 



734 



MADISON 



Rhode Island to North Carolina. The line of 
Christian heroes is not broken in this New World. 

Madison University, Hamilton, N. Y., over- 
looks a village of rare beauty and healthfulness. 
It is near the geographical centre of the State, and 
near the centre of a new net-work of railways, which 
give easy communication with every part of the 
State. In all of its forms it is sixty years old; was 
opened as a school in 1820 ; organized as a sem- 
inai-y, college, and academy in 1834 ; chartered as 
a university in 1846. As a university, it at once 
appropriated the patronage, organism, faculty, 
classes, alumni, and what of property and other 
resources there then were in the Hamilton Literary 
and Theological Institution, and thus were united 
the vigor of a young life with the strength and 
prestige of the old. 

Early patronage was wide-spread, — drawn not 
from New York only, but from Vermont, Massa- 
chusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
Ohio, and Michigan. The body that founded it 
was at the time energetic and diffusive. It looked 
to this school with great hope, and on it concen- 
trated its best offerings and fervent prayers. The 
school was strictly indigenous, springing up from 
the smallest of beginnings, brought from no foreign 
land, borrowing its plan from no existing institu- 
tion. It grew under the pressure of an outward 
need and the workings of an inward zeal, and 
became the expression of a denominational sen- 
timent. Free in its blessings to all, it yet acknowl- 
edged its chief allegiance to those representative 
Baptists who founded it. 

The times that gave birth to this enterprise were 
eventful. The second war with England had closed 
with the Treaty of Ghent, Dec. 24, 1814, and Eng- 
lish domination in the colonies had ceased. The 
country was stimulated by a new sense of freedom, 
and the American idea of independence and undis- 
puted sovereignty in the AVestern World was for 
the first time having full scope. Emigration, with 
a fuller tide, was flowing west of the Hudson, and 
carrying New England arts, manners, education, 
religion, and thrift over this State, and through it 
into tlie Western States. 

One of these tides moved down the beautiful val- 
ley of the Chenango, and towns, villages, schools, 
and churches sprung up in the valley and on the 
hiil. Baptists had no college in the State of New 
York, nor had they any schools for common educa- 
tion or for the education of the ministry. But no 
Convention was called, no general concert of action, 
no resolutions passed determining when, where, or 
how. Almost unconsciously a seed was dropped, 
a prayer was offered, — 

"Sink, little seed, in tlie earth's black mould, 
Sink in your grave so wet and so cold ; 
Earth I throw over you, darkness must cover you,"— 



and the seed germinated and grew, almost unob- 
served, but vigorously. 

In 1817 thirteen men met. They gave one dol- 
lar each, and these thirteen dollars were the begin- 
ning of the endowment. Soon Dr. Baldwin, of 
Boston, and thirty others gave 238 volumes, and 
this was the beginning of the library. A room 
was given in the chamber, and this was the be- 
ginning of the college buildings. Two students 
came in poverty, — Wade and Kincaid, — and these 
were the beginning of generations of students. 
True, such beginnings did not seem auspicious. 
But faith gave them superhuman energy. This 
energy had push, and this again, vitalized by the 
idea that Baptists must have an institution that 
furnished a complete education, gave unexpected 
development and growth. 

The alumni, most of whom have graduated from- 
some one of the courses, — academical, scientific^ 
collegiate, or theological, — number about 2700. 
The first two students, Rev. Jonathan Wade, D.D., 
and Rev. Eugenio Kincaid, D.D., and 80 others, 
went out as foreign missionaries ; 21 are counted 
as presidents of colleges ; 88, professors and prin- 
cipals ; 63, authors, legislators, and Congressmen. 
The alumni are found in all the professions, but 
the largest number are ministers of the gospel ; 130 
have been honored with the Doctorate from differ- 
ent colleges and universities, and these alumni 
are found in every quarter of the globe as true 
representative men. The three schools have gradu- 
ated about as follows : from the theological semi- 
nary, 700 ; from the college or university, 830 ;, 
from the academy or grammar school, 1200. 

The annual average of students in attendance is 
about as follows : in the theological seminary, 35 ; 
in the college or university, 102 ; in Colgate Acad- 
emy, 100. Ladies not counted in. The first class 
that took the full college course of four years, and 
graduated in 1836, numbered 26, 9 of whom are 
still alive, and 8 of these now living have been 
honored with the Doctorate. This class entered 
about fifty years ago. 

If you inquire after the faculty that has taught 
this large body of students, you will find that many 
are gone, — Rev. Nathaniel Kendrick, D.D., Prof. 
Daniel Hascall, Prof Seth S. Whitman, Prof Joel 
S. Bacon, D.D., Rev. George W. Eaton, D.D., LL.D., 
Stephen W. Taylor, LL.D., Rev. John S. Maginnis, 
D.D., John H. Raymond, LL.D., Rev. Edmund 
Turney, D.D., Prof John F. Richardson, Ph.D., 
Rev. David Weston, D.D., Rev. Barnas Sears, D.D. 

The following have resigned: Rev. Thomas J. 
Conant, D.D., Rev. Asahel C. Kendrick, D.D., Wil- 
liam Mather, M.D., Rev. George R. Bliss, D.D., 
Rev. Albert N. Arnold, D.D., Rev. Prof. Ezra S. 
Gallup, Prof Wm. I. Knapp, Prof Edward Jud- 
son. Prof A. S. Bickmore, Ph.D. 




1M^ I "^1 iminw I i ii 111 Fill I'l iiimi ff iiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiii 



MADISON 



736 



MADISON 



The following are the present faculty : Rev. E. 
Dodge, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Metaphysics and 
Theology and Praeses ; Rev. P. B. Spear, D.D., 
Professor of Hebrew and Latin Emeritus ; Rev. 
A. M. Beebee, D.D., Professor of Logic and Hom- 
iletics ; Rev. H. Harvey, D.D., Professor of New 
Testament Exegesis and Pastoral Theology ; L. M. 
Osborn, LL.D., Professor of Natural Sciences; 
N. L. Andrews, Ph.D., Professor of Greek Lan- 
guage and Literature ; J. J. Lewis, A.M., Pro- 
fessor of History, Literature, and Oratory ; J. M. 
Taylor, A.M., Professor of Mathematics ; 0. Howes, 
A.M., Professor of Latin and Modern Languages ; 
Rev. W. H. Maynard, D.D., Professor of Moral 
Philosophy and Ecclesiastical Histoi-y ; Rev. W. 
R. Brooks, D.D., Lecturer on Natural History; 
Rev. S. Burnham, A.M., Professor of Hebrew and 
Old Testament Exegesis; Rev. F. W. Towle, A.M., 
Professor of Greek Language and Principal of the 
Colgate Academy ; E. P. Sisson, B.P., Professor 
of Mathematics ; J. W. Ford, A.M., Professor of 
Latin Language : Geo. H. Coffin, Professor of 
English and Natural Sciences. 

The four Presidents. — There have been four 
presidents. Dr. Nathaniel Kendrick, the first, 
died Sept. 11, 1848, from a fall and lesion of the 
spine, being seventy-two years old. He was 
elected in 1836, but was virtually president during 
the twenty-eight years of his connection with the 
institution. He was tall, six feet four, well pro- 
portioned, of large brain, lofty foi'ehead, and benev- 
olent expression. He was easily primus inter 
pares, and, of natural right, presided everywhere. 
His influence was as far-reaching as his name. He 
had a clear voice, an earnest look, and was truly 
eloquent. He is well described by B. F. Taylor, 
the "Jubilee" poet, — 

"I see Kendrick's grand form towering up like a king's, 
I hear accents at first like the waving of wings; 
Now he warms with his theme into true welding weather, 
And the word and the blow are delivered together. 
The thought and the thinker are all in a glow. 
The glasses he whirls from his dome of a brow. 
His words that were halting grow freer and bolder. 
And he strikes for the truth straight out from the shoulder. 
It is Gabriel's trumpet and Gideon's sword, 
'Tis the pillar of fire and the breath of the Lord; 
It is crash after crash with the tables of stone, 
"I'ia the thrill of the thunder, the dread of the throne. 
Then softer and sweeter his cadences grow ; 
It was Sinai before, it is Calvary now." 

Standing by Dr. Kendrick is Rev. Prof. Daniel 
Hascall, who came to Hamilton in 1812, and set- 
tled as the pastor of the Baptist church. To him 
is accredited the original idea of a seminary in 
Hamilton. Dr. Kendrick, in 1816, became pastor 
of the church at Eaton. These two men supple- 
mented each other, and harmonized in every good 
work. In 1820, when the " school" was opened, 
Hascall became Professor of Languages, and Ken- 



drick of Theology. Hascall continued eighteen 
years and resigned. Kendrick remained till his 
death. 

Around these men rallied other stalwart men, 
pioneers in the forest, in the churches, and in great 
enterprises, — Hon. Jonathan Olmsted, Judge Sam- 
uel Payne, Deacon William Colgate, Hon. Seneca 
B. Burchard, Judge James Edmunds, and others, 
— men ready at all times for great sacrifices and 
great achievements. 

In 1851, Prof. Stephen W. Taylor, LL.D., was 
elected second president. He was graduated at 
Hamilton College ; had made teaching his life- 
work ; had been from 1 834 to 1836 professor or 
principal of the academy at this institution ; had in 
the mean time founded the university at Lewis- 
burg, Pa., and, after the settlement of the question 
of i-emoval, returned to Hamilton. He was of the 
English type, square, strong built, methodical, firm 
of purpose, a good organizer, and strong executive 
officer. He was connected vpith the university in 
different departments of instruction for eighteen 
years, and left his mark on its history. He died 
of disease of the spine, Jan. 7, 1856, at the age of 
sixty-five. 

In 1856, Rev. George W. Eaton, D.D., LL.D., 
was elected the third president. In mind and 
body he was cast in a large mould. His features 
symmetrical, movements graceful, sympathies large, 
of good nature, in satire powerful, his language 
felicitous. He was a natural orator. In memory, 
imagination, and description he was masterly. A 
scene once before him, he could reproduce with all 
the freshness and vividness of the reality. His re- 
ligious emotions and convictions were strong, and 
constituted the underlying current of his life. He 
was connected with the university in different ca- 
pacities — as Professor of Mathematics, of History, 
of Philosophy, of Theology, and as president — for 
forty years, and died Aug. 3, 1872, at sixty-eight 
years of age. 

The fourth president is Rev. Ebenezer Dodge, 
D.D., LL.D., elected in 1868. He has been con- 
nected with the university twenty-seven years as 
Professor of the Evidences of Christianity, of Meta- 
physics, of Biblical Interpretation, of Theology, and 
as president. He was graduated from Brown Uni- 
versity and Newton Theological Seminary, and has 
earned a reputation as scholar, teacher, and author 
that places him among the best thinkers of the 
age. 

The present faculty are well known among the 
educators of our country. Some who have left us 
deserve mention. Dr. Barnas Sears, the secretary 
of the Peabody Fund and former president of 
Brown ; Dr. Thomas J. Conant, a well-known ex- 
egete and translator ; Dr. A. C. Kendrick, a Greek 
scholar and author, have helped to make this uni- 



MADISON 



737 



MAGAZINE 



Fersity. Then the writer's room-mate and class- 
mate and colleagues in the faculty, Dr. John H. 
Kayniond and Prof. J^ F. Richardson, the one 
president of Vassar and the other Professor of 
Latin in Rochester, now both departed, have been 
free to acknowledge their indebtedness chiefly to 
this university for their success in life's work, and 
to accept the credit in turn given for their hand in 
this enterprise. What the university has done for 
them it can do for all the loyal. 

Financial Condition. — The finances of them- 
selves would make a history, for these are the 
rock-bottom on which human endeavor builds. It 
should be noticed that since 1846 two corporations 
have a hand in this enterprise. The Baptist Edu- 
cation Society for twenty-seven years had the sole 
responsibility and management. For the last thirty- 
three years the Madison University has had the 
same in all except the nomination of theological 
professors and the support of needy young men 
for the ministry. All the salaries and running ex- 
penses of these three schools fall upon the Madison 
University. The annual income needed for this 
corporation is now about $40,000, the salaries alone 
being $30,000. 

It were vain to attempt a history of the night 
and day struggles, of men who have had to dig a 
channel and create a depth of current sufficient to 
float this great enterprise. It were as easy to tell 
of the hidden forces of nature which underlie all 
her operations. Only results are known or seen. 

When the university was chartered it had no 
property. It had none in 1850 on the adjustment 
of the removal controversy. It had only about 
$52,000 in 1864 when the war closed. Without a 
hired agency, the most quiet and energetic meas- 
ures were prosecuted to fill the treasury. The old 
policy of borrowing and paying was set aside, and 
the university put upon the most rigid cash sys- 
tem. For seventeen yeai-s, without debt or outside 
assistance, except from liberal donors, the uni- 
versity has each year balanced its accounts, draw- 
ing nothing from endowment funds. No pledges 
were counted or even reported till they were turned 
into cash or its equivalent. The progress has not 
been rapid, but of steady growth. In round "num- 
bers : in 1864, $62,000 ; in 1865, $121,000 ; in 1868, 
$177,000; in 1870, $255,000; in 1874, $304,000 ; in 
1876, $405,000 ; in 1880, $430,000, for endowment 
without debt. 

Then the unproductive property, buildings, 
grounds, library, museum, apparatus, president's 
house, which have come of gifts within the last 
sixteen years, amount to $120,000 more, making 
the whole sum raised since the war .$550,000. 
These figures are independent of the Education 
Society's accounts of scholarships, beneficiaries, 
and agencies. Deacon Alva Pierce has been treas- 



urer of the Baptist Educational Society of New 
York for the last forty-three years, and P. B. Spear 
treasurer of Madison University for the last seven- 
teen years. 

This university has acted directly and indirectly 
on the schools and systems of instruction incur 
country to stimulate the standard for higher at- 
tainments. It has acted on its own denomination 
to lift it to a higher plane of moral power. It has 
given origin to three other universities of similar 
type, and has co-operated with like institutions to 
mould the national mind and to give Americans 
an enviable name among the nations of the earth. 

To the above account of the financial prosperity 
must be added a gift of $50,000, one-half to go to 
Colgate Academy, given at Commencement in 1880 
by Mr. James B. Colgate, of New York, as a thank- 
ofiering for his rescue at sea in the winter of 
1879-80. See also articles Hamilton Theological 
Seminary, Colgate Academy, and the biographical 
articles of persons alluded to in this sketch. For 
a full history, see also the historical discourse of 
President Eaton in Jubilee volume, or " First Half- 
Century of Madison University." 

Magazine, Massachusetts Baptist Mission- 
ary, has the honor of being the first periodical 
publication by the Baptists of this country. It 
was established by the Massachusetts Baptist Mis- 
sionary Society in September, 1803. The society 
was organized somewhat more than a year before 
its executive officers announced a periodical which 
was felt to be necessary as a medium of communi- 
cation with the churches, to awaken interest in the 
cause of missions, and to give publicity to the re- 
ports and letters of the missionaries in their employ 
in difierent sections of the country. Only two 
numbers, of thirty-two pages each, were issued the 
first year, and two the second year. The twelfth 
number of the volume was published Jan. 1, 1808. 
The second volume was completed in the next two 
years. The issues were somewhat irregular until 
a new series was commenced in 1817, the numbers 
being issued in alternate months till the close of 
1824. Since that time it has been published each 
month down to the present time. The area of its 
operations was enlarged in 1826, after the removal 
of the Foreign Mission Board to Boston, and it 
became the organ of the Triennial Convention, and 
when the Missionary Union was formed it held the 
same relation to the new society. Until the close 
of 1835 the contents of the magazine were of quite 
a miscellaneous character, being largely biographies 
of distinguished ministers and laymen, not always 
Baptists, but persons of note in the other denomi- 
nations, essays on literary subjects, reviews, letters, 
journals, etc. From the commencement of 1836 
down to this date it is devoted to the publication 
of articles bearing directly or indirectly on the 



MAGAZINE 

cause of foreign missions. As the organ of com- 
munication between the missionaries and the 
churches it has rendered invaluable service to the 
noble cause which it advocates. It is not easy for 
us to appreciate the eagerness with wdiich in thou- 
sands of Baptist families the letters and journals 
of Boarduian and Judson, in the earlier history of 
foreign missions, and those of Wade and Kincaid, 
and Dean and Bixby, and very many others in later 
times, have been read, and what an impulse has 
been given by their perusal to the great work of 
evangelizing the nations of the earth. Steady im- 
provement in the magazine has been the aim of its 
editors. It may safely be said to take a high rank 
among the class of publications of which it is so 
good a representative, comparing favorably with 
the organ of the American Board of Commissioners 
for Foreign Missions, the Missionary Herald. 

Magazine, The Baptist.— Our English brethren 
were occasionally troubled by their relations with 
The Evangelical Magazine. The profits of that 
publication were to be divided among the widows 
of Congregational and Baptist ministers. And it 
was sometimes unkindly hinted that Baptist widows 
needing its aid were more numerous than those 
of Independent ministers. Besides, our English 
brethren felt a crying need for a magazine to spread 
the tidings of their missions fully before their 
churches, and to discuss many denominational 
questions. The Baptist Magazine was established 
in 1809, and it has rendered immense service to our 
British brethren and to the cause of truth. 

Magazine, The Baptist Family.— This pic- 
torial monthly is published in Philadelphia, Pa. 
J. Eugene Reed, Esq., is editor and proprietor. Its 
contents include tales, biographical sketches, notes 
of travel, essays, poems, and editorials. It devotes 
special attention to the following departments : 
the young folks, literature, popular science, health 
in the home, music and art notes, farm and kitchen, 
and chui-ch and ministerial record. The pictures 
are numerous and well chosen. The editor is one 
of the most talented young men in the denomina- 
tion, he is an earnest Baptist, and his magazine is 
full of interest and instruction. The young and 
tl e old read it with delight and profit. 

Magee, Rev. John, son of Rev. Thomas Magee, 
was born in Cork, Ireland, but converted and bap- 
tized in St. Stephen, New Brunswick ; studied at 
the Baptist Seminary, Frederieton ; was ordained 
pastor of the Baptist church, Mangerville, New 
Brunswick, in 1840 ; was pastor at Macknaquack 
and Nashwaak, and performed much missionary 
work. Died Dec. 23, 1861, after a useful ministry 
of twenty years. 

Magee, Rev. Thomas, was bom in Ireland ; 
converted and baptized in the city of Cork ; or- 
dained in New Brunswick, March, 1S31 : labored 



MAGOON 



as an evangelist extensively, not only in New 
Brunswick, but also in the State of Maine. He 
served the Baptist denomination in a faithful min- 
istry of over twenty years. 

Maginnis, John Sharp, D.D., was born of 
Scotch-Irish parents, in Butler Co., Pa., June 13, 
1805. He was brought up a Presbyterian. He 
was converted young, in Vernon, 0., and united 
with the Baptist church in that place. He re- 
ceived his literaiy and theological training in 
Waterville College, Brown University, and Newton 
Theological Seminai-y. In October, 1832, he was 
ordained pastor of the Baptist church of Portland, 
Me., and soon the community had such an increase 
that a second church was established. In 1838 he 
accepted the professorship of Biblical Theology in 
the institution at Hamilton. In this position he 
continued with great usefulness until he accepted 
the chair of Biblical and Pastoral Theology in the 
new seminary connected with the Univei'sity of 
Rochester, and the professorship of Intellectual 
and Moral Philosophy in the university at the same 
time. He died Oct. 15, 1852. 

In 1844 he received the degree of Doctor of Di- 
vinity from Brown University. 

Dr. Maginnis was a vigorous Calvinist, and his 
students went forth with Paul's doctrines enshrined 
in their hearts or living in their minds to con- 
found the Arminianism which they brought to the 
seminary, and which prejudice would not permit 
them to renounce. 

He was a man of very extensive and varied learn- 
ing, often reaching into the distant Christian past, 
so largely given up to Romanists and Anglicans. 
He had a powerful and penetrating, as well as a 
highly-cultured mind. He had not many equals in 
his day, and very few superiors, as an acute reasoner. 
While not offensive in his independence, he was 
unbending when truth required it, or wisdom 
seemed to demand it. 

He was a devout Christian in the minute as well 
as in the grandest relations of the soul. The 
churches lost a noble leader and heaven gained a 
mighty soul when John Sharp Maginnis left his 
frail body for the skies. 

Magoon, Elias Lyman, D.D., was born in 
Lebanon, N. II., Oct. 20, 1810. His grandfather 
was a Baptist minister, and a participator in the 
scenes of the Revolution ; his father an architect, 
who enjoyed considerable success in his profession 
and endured protracted sickness. 

At sixteen years of age young Magoon was ap- 
prenticed to the bricklayer's trade, which he fol- 
lowed to his twentieth year, and by the use of his 
trowel during his vacations, and in the intervals of 
study, supported himself through ten years of pre- 
paratory studies at New Hampton Academy, Water- 
ville College, and Newton Theological Institution. 



MAG ON 



j:vj 



MAINE 



He was ordained the night after graduating, in 
1839, and he immediately settled at Richmond, Va., 
as pastor of the Second Baptist church, where he 
remained six years. A beautiful new edifice was 




EMAS l-V 



erected, and all was prosperous until the division 
arose in the denomination on the question of slavery, 
which took place while the young pastor was in 
Europe. 

Returning speedily, he quietly resigned, and 
was at once called to the Ninth Street Baptist 
church, Cincinnati, but remained in Richmond 
until a successor was procured. He served in Cin- 
cinnati four years, and in 1849 removed to New 
York, as pastor of the Oliver Street Baptist church. 
In 1857 he took charge of the First Baptist church 
in Albany, where he remained ten years, and from 
it removed to the Broad Street Baptist church, 
Philadelphia, where he still labors. 

Rarely sick, this busy preacher has not. been out 
of employment a single Sunday for forty years. 
His large and liberal congregation have just cele- 
brated his seventieth birthday with unanimous con- 
gratulations, and both leader and people seem never 
to have been under more favorable auspices than 
now. 

-The usual honors of A.B. and A.M. Avere con- 
ferred at Waterville, now Colby University ; and, 
in 1853, Rochester University added the D.D. 

Dr. Magoon's published works are " Orators 
of the American Revolution" (New York, 1848); 
"Living Orators in America" (New York, 1849) ; 
"Proverbs for the People" (Boston. 1848); "Re- 



publican Christianity" (Boston, 1849) ; and "West- 
ward Empire" (New York, 1856). In their day 
many of these books were sold, but now are out of 
print. 

Dr. Magoon possesses extensive culture, manly 
independence, a large heart, an unsullied record, 
and the warm love of throngs in and out of Phila- 
delphia. His ministry has been greatly blesseil. 
and his name is favorably known all over the land. 

Main, A. H,, is a native of Plainfield, Otsego 
Co., N. Y., where he was born -June 22, 1824. His- 
parents were Alfred and Semantha Main. His 
father removed from Connecticut to New York 
in his youth, and thence, in 1846, to Dane Co.,. 
Wis., which has since been the family home. Mr. 
Main was educated in the common schools of 
New York. He engaged in mercantile business, 
and continued it after his removal to Madison,. 
Wis., in 1856, until 1860. That year he became- 
cashier of the Sun Prairie Bank, which position he 
held' until he closed the business, in 1863. For 
many years Mr. Main has been at the head of one 
of the large.st insurance offices in Madison, and in 
fact in the Northwest. 

When quite young he united with the Baptist 
church. He is well known by the denomination 
in the State, and in his own Association, as well as 
in the State work, he has borne a generous and ac- 
tive part. In his own church at Madison he is a 
trusted leader ; and in the Christian and philan- 
thropic enterprises of the city he is one of the 
most able and earnest workers. 

Maine Baptists. — The oldest incorporated town 
in what is now the State of Maine was Kittery. 
The presence of Baptist sentiments was recognized 
not fixr from the year 1681. A few Baptists were 
among the earlier settlers of this place. Among 
the more prominent of these was William Screven, 
who suffered no small amount of persecution from 
the " standing order" on account of his persistent 
adherence to Baptist principles. A church was 
formed in 1682, but in less than a year it was 
broken up and its members scattered. From the 
dissolution of the church in Kittery, a period of 
eighty-five years elapsed before the appearance of 
any other organized body of Baptists. In 1768 a 
church was formed in Berwick from persons con- 
verted under the preaching of Rev. Dr. Hezekiah 
Smith. That church lived through all the fiery 
trials of persecution, and is to-day the flourishing- 
church of South Berwick. In a few years other 
churches were formed. As the district of Maine 
was settled, Baptist principles everywhere spread 
and new churches were organized. In the State there 
are now 13 Associations, embracing 261 churches,, 
with a membership of nearly 21,000 persons. 

The Maine Baptist Convention was formed in 
1824. Its officers are: President, Rev. H. E. 



MAJOR 



740 



3IALC0M 



Robins, D.D. ; Vice-President, Rev. S. L. B. Chase ; 
Eeeording Secretary, Rev. II. S. Burrage; Cor- 
responding Secretary, J. Ricker, D.D. Its perma- 
nent invested funds are $9700, and its income from 
all sources as reported at its last meeting $8400.91. 
The Maine Baptist Charitable Society has for its 
object to contribute to the wants of indigent min- 
isters and to the needy families of deceased minis- 
ters. The president is P. Bonney, Esq. 

The Maine Baptist Education Society furnishes 
aid to young men in a course of preparation for the 
Christian ministry. Its funds amount to nearly 
:$3000. The president of the society is Rev. J. 
McWhinnie. 

The Baptists of Maine constitute one of the 
strongest and most efficient denominational bodies 
in the country. Their college, Colby University, 
■with the three academic institutions having a vital 
connection with it, the Waterville Classical Insti- 
tute, Hebron Academy, and Hootton Academy, 
furnish the best facilities for the higher education 
of the young. An able ministry is guiding and 
moulding the churches. The spirit of benevolence 
pervades these churches, and they will compare 
favorably with other churches in their contributions 
to all good causes. Every year marks progress 
and religious enterprise. The Baptists of Maine 
have no reason to be ashamed of their past record, 
or of the position which they now hold among the 
other religious communities of the State. 

Major, Samuel C, a deacon of the Fayette 
church, was born in Franklin Co., Aug. 26, 1805. 
In 1826 he removed to Fayette Co., Mo. Seven of 
■eleven children survive him. One of them is Hon. 
Samuel C. Major, Jr. In 1832, Mr. Major was 
•elected a justice of the peace, and held the office 
for thirteen years. In 1840 he was appointed pub- 
lic administrator. At different times he was mayor 
of the city of Fayette. He was alive to the public 
good and to religious interests. 

In 1843 he made a profession of faith in Christ, 
and united with the Fayette Baptist church. He 
•was for years the efficient president of the executive 
board of the General Association of Missouri. He 
left for his family the rich legacy of a well-spent 
life, whose characteristics were unfeigned modesty, 
strict integrity, genuine friendship, and devoted 
piety. He died March 13, 1880, aged seventy-five 
years. 

Malcom, Howard, D.D., LL.D., was born in 

Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 19, 1799. His father was 
of Scotch descent, and his mother a lineal descend- 
ant of Hugh Roberts, a distinguished Welsh Friend 
preacher, who was on terms of intimacy with Wm. 
Penn. Howard's father died at the age of twenty- 
three, in 1801, leaving his wife and child to the 
care of her father, John Howard, a retired mer- 
chant. This grandfather died when Howard was 



nine years of age, and Mrs. Malcom devoted her- 
self to the education of her only child. In 1813 
he was placed at school in Burlington, N. J., to be 
prepared for college, nnd in September, 1814, he 




HOWARD MALCOM, D.D., LL.D. 

entered Dickinson College, at the age of fifteen. 
Most of the students here were insubordinate, and 
a serious difficulty between students and professors 
terminated, in April, 1815, in the closing of the in- 
stitution. In 1815, Howard entered a counting- 
house to prepare for the life of a merchant, which 
had long been his ambition. While here, he says 
in his diary, August, 1815, " I have for some time 
past been tormented with the fear of dying," the 
first indication of an awakened conscience. In 
December an accident to his knee confined him to 
his room for three weeks, and he says, " This was 
one of the most merciful providences of God to me. 
The pain was not so great as to prevent my read- 
ing. ... I learnt more about the Bible than I 
knew before altogether." On January 1, 1816, he 
related his experience before the Sansom Street 
Baptist church, and on the 16th of January this 
entry appears in his diary, " Have been much dis- 
turbed lately with an idea that intrudes itself upon 
all occasions, viz., that I must shortly quit the 
counting-house and prepare to go out and proclaim 
the glad tidings." ... He was licensed to preach 
in 1818; entei-ed Princeton Seminary soon after, 
where he remained until 1820. During these 
formative years, from 1816 to 1820, young Mal- 
com's experiences, as given copiously in his diary, 
were most deep and interesting, and characterized 



MALCOM 



741 



MALLARY 



by a singular maturity o£. thought and independence 
of action. But space here only permits a very 
brief sketch. He was ordained in April, 1820, was 
married to Miss Lydia Sheilds May 1, 1820, and in 
the same month became pastor of the Baptist church 
at Hudson, N. Y. Here he remained until 1826, 
when he became first general agent of the American 
Sunday-School Union. In this capacity he spent 
nearly two years, and visited all the principal cities 
of the country in establishing auxiliary societies 
and local depositories, in raising funds, and in the 
performance of the varied duties of this responsible 
mission. In November, 1827, Mr. Malcom became 
pastor of Federal Street church in Boston. His 
success with this church was very great. He was 
also a member of various boards and societies, and 
he delivered a great many lectures. He was the 
author, in 1828, of his " Bible Dictionary,'" which 
was immensely popular, reaching a circulation of 
over 200,000 copies, and it is still sold. He also 
prepared for the press a work on the " Extent of 
the Atonement," and one on " The Christian Rule 
of Marriage," both of which had a large sale. He 
edited "Law's Call," Henry's "Communicant's 
Companion," and Thomas ^ Kempis's "Imitation 
of Christ." Under these labors his health gave 
way, and in 1831 he spent eight months with his 
wife in visiting the countries of Europe. In De- 
cember, 1833, his beloved wife died. In 1835, Mr. 
Malcom was obliged to resign his pastorate because 
his voice failed him, and in September, having been 
chosen to visit foreign missionary stations by the 
Triennial Convention in Boston, he sailed for Bur- 
mah, remaining two and a half years. The issue 
of this important journey was in the missionary 
field a cementing and unifying of the labors of our 
missionaries, and in this country, upon his return, 
the result was a general increase of interest and 
contributions for missionary purposes. These were 
accomplished by his numerous lectures in different 
parts of the country, and the publication of " Mal- 
com's Travels," a work of 600 pages, which at once 
became a standard both in this country and Great 
Britain. Upon his return he could not resume his 
pastorate, as his voice had not been restored. In 
1838 he married Miss Anne R. Dyer, of Boston, 
and in 1840 he was simultaneously elected to the 
presidency of Shurtlefi" College, 111., and George- 
town College, Ky. He accepted the latter early in 
1840. Under his fostering care and indomitable 
industry the institution received a great impulse. 
In 1842 he received from Dickinson College the 
degree of A.M., and the degree of D.D. at the same 
time from the University of Vermont and Union 
College, New York. In 1849 he resigned the pres- 
idency of Georgetown College, and within a few 
weeks was called to the pastorate of the Sansom 
Street church, Philadelphia, and again to the pres- 



idency of ShurtlefiF College. He accepted the 
former. This church of his youth was not long 
permitted to have the benefit of his labors, for in 
1851 he became the president of the university at 
Lewisburg, Pa. About this time he edited " But- 
ler's Analogy," with a very full conspectus, which 
is now used largely as a text-book. After six years 
of successful labor for the uiliversity, Dr. Malcom 
resigned to complete his " Index to Religious Lit- 
erature," which was published in 1869. During 
these years he became deeply interested in building 
up the American Baptist Historical Society, and to 
this noble work he was devoted to the end of his 
life. He was for many years the president of this 
society, as well as of the American Peace Society, 
senior vice-president of the Pennsylvania Coloniza- 
tion Society, and was one of the founders of the 
American Tract Society. In 1878 he sustained a 
severe trial in the loss of his esteemed and beloved 
wife, and from this time all his powers rapidly 
failed, and he died in -Philadelphia in March, 1879, 
in the eighty-first year of his age, a member of the 
church in which he was converted, baptized, li- 
censed, and ordained. A noble eulogy was pro- 
nounced by one in the expressive words, " It would 
be difficult to name any good cause to which his 
heart had not been given." 

Mallary, Charles Button, D.D., was born in 

West Poultney, Vt., Jan. 23, 1801, and died July 
31, 1864. He graduated with the first honor at 
Middlebury College, Vt., in August, 1817 ; was 
baptized and joined the church in 1822 ; and the 
same year moved to South Carolina, where he was 
ordained in 1824, at Columbia. There he married 
Miss Susan Mary Evans, granddaughter of Rev. 
Edmund Botsford. In 1830 he removed to Au- 
gusta, Ga., and took charge of the Augusta Baptist 
church. Four years afterwards he became pastor 
of the church at Milledgeville, but resigned to be- 
come the agent for Mercer University, in 1837, 
laboring as such for three years, when he began a 
life of evangelistic and pastoral labors for various 
churches in Middle and Western Georgia, which 
continued until 1852, when he retired to his farm, 
near Albany, where he resided, in feeble health, 
until his death, in 1864. In 1840 he married his 
second wife, Mrs. Mary E. Welch, a lady of superior 
worth and talents, who preceded him to the skies 
by two years. 

Dr. Mallary was a man of most uncommon piety, 
and exerted a more wholesome influence than any 
other man of the denomination in the State. No 
other stood higher in the esteem of the brethren : 
nor did any other of his day, in the truest sense, do 
more for the cause of God and the denomination in 
the State. Dawson was a more brilliant orator, 
and Crawford was more learned and scholarly, 
but neither surpassed him in the highest and best 



MALLART 



742 



MALLARY 



characteristics, as a preacher. He had clear views 
of divine truth, and a deep experience of its sanc- 
tifying power in the heart. His voice was com- 
manding ; his elocution distinct and forcible ; his 




CHARLES BUTTON MALLARY, D.D. 

imagination splendid ; his language chaste, and his 
address affectionate and persuasive. While emi- 
nently pure and clear, his style was often ornate, and 
sometimes arose to sublimity. He loved to preach 
■Christ crucified as the only foundation of a sinner's 
hope, and to exhibit a sovereign God, working all 
things after the counsel of his own will. These 



high themes he discus 



ith a clear head and a 



warm heart, and rendered them eminently practical 
hj the manner in which he pressed them on the 
•consciences of his hearers. Thoroughly instructed 
in the Scriptures, profoundly conversant with the 
workings of experimental religion, and knowing 
well " the windings and doublings" of man's de- 
ceitful heart, he was exactly fitted to take it cap- 
tive with the sweet influences of revealed truth. 

He had the happy talent of introducing religious 
subjects in his conversation with others, and of 
•directing their attention to the great interests of 
eternity. To those who knew him intimately his 
•conversation was simply delightful, for a spirit of 
piety pervaded almost every sentence of his dis- 
course ; and the power of a well-cultivated mind 
added interest and instruction to the other charms 
of his conversation. In all that he did and said 
his profound spirituality shone conspicuously as the 
•distinguishing feature of his character. If any man 
ever had the full assurance of hope it was he, for 



his faith in God seemed to know no misgiving. His 
chief joy was in the worship of God, and scarcely 
any possible contingency was permitted to inter- 
rupt his family and private devotions. At the do- 
mestic altar and in the closet he held sweet com- 
munion with the Father of spirits, and came forth 
to his public ministrations and religious efforts 
richly imbued with the spirit of his divine Master. 
Everywhere he exhibited a beautiful consistency 
of Christian character. He maintained always a 
close walk with God. His aim in life was to pro- 
mote the glory of God and the good of mankind. 
Every personal interest was subordinated to this 
sublime purpose. No narrow-mindedness checked 
his expansive charity, for his benevolence embraced 
the whole human race, — the needy at his own door, 
and the heathen at the ends of the earth. 

His private life was as pure as his sentiments 
were exalted, and in all his relations with his 
brethren he Avas a model of gentleness and unselfish 
Christian courtesy. He was distinguished for his 
controlling and peaceful influence in our denomi- 
national councils. He was most skillful and prompt 
to adopt measures in promotion of harmony and 
efficiency, and, by word and deed, led his brethren 
onward in the way of truth and righteousness, and 
in extending the Redeemer's kingdom throughout 
the world. When money was needed for the in- 
terests of the churches and for the spread of the 
gospel, he was a liberal contributor and a most suc- 
cessful agent in procuring the gifts of others. His 
example and influence survive in the memory of 
thousands ; the seeds of truth which he has sown 
ai-e still growing' and bringing forth fruit in the 
lives and hearts of many who heard his voice. Be- 
sides these he has left written memorials which will 
be read with interest and profit for many years to 
come, among which are his memoirs of Mercer and 
Botsford, and that most excellent book entitled 
" Soul Prosperity." While a man of strong convic- 
tions and determined purposes, he was as meek and 
gentle as a lamb. With a will as determined as ever 
moved a despot, it was so tempered and subdued 
by grace that it would bear all things, believe all 
things, hope all things, endure all things. His self- 
control seemed to be complete ; no unkind word or 
hasty speech, or anything to stain a most consistent 
and holy life, ever escaped his lips or characterized 
his actions. He never entered the arena of strife, 
but would pour oil on the troubled waters, and turn 
away anger by soft words, and with melting tender- 
ness repi-ove the erring. So profound was his 
piety that nothing ever seemed to disturb it. The 
expression of his countenance when in the pulpit 
was tender and heavenly. While replete with 
doctrinal truth, his sermons were full of tenderness 
and pathos, his greatest strength consisting in what 
rhetoricians have denominated unction; for, as he 



MALLARY 



MANLY 



stood in the pulpit, his audience _/eZ< that they were 
in the presence of a man of God. It was this, 
united to his native good sense, which gave him 
such influence in religious deliberative assemblies, 
and secured for him the most profound attention, 
and rendered his suggestions most likely to meet 
the approval of his brethren ; and it was this, imbu- 
ing all his words and actions, which gave him such 
spiritual power among his brethren, and made him 
a pillar in the denomination, and which yet gives 
his memory a fragrance among Georgia Baptists. 

Dr. Mallary was a warm advocate of temperance, 
missionary societies and Sunday-schools, and to the 
very end of life continued to preach whenever phys- 
ically able. Though so energetic and laborious 
during his whole ministry, his services to God and 
his generation were performed with a feeble body, 
especially in the last yeai-s of his life, when he was 
* subject to frequent attacks of nervous disease, at- 

tended with violent pain in the head. His death 
was peaceful and happy, and his last expression, 
uttered while gently clapping his hands, was, 
"Sweet, sweet home !" 

Mallary, Hon. RoUin C, was bom in Cheshire, 
Conn., May 27, 1784. Ten years after his birth 
his pai-ents removed to Poultney, Vt. He was a 
graduate of Middlebury College, in the class of 
1805. He studied law with Horatio Seymour at 
Middlebury, and Robert Temple at Rutland, and 
was admitted to the Rutland County bar in March, 
1807. He soon became a leading lawyer in the 
county, and for five years was State attorney. He 
was elected a member of Congress in 1819, and 
took his seat in the House of Representatives Jan. 
13, 1820. He had several re-elections, and re- 
mained a member continuously until his death. 
He gained a prominent position in Congress, sec- 
ond, perhaps, to no other member from New Eng- 
land in his time, and particularly distinguished 
himself as a friend and advocate of the " protective 
system." At the commencement of the Twentieth 
Congress he was made chairman of the Committee 
on Manufactures, and reported the tariff of 1828, 
and his efficient efforts doubtless contributed largely 
to secure its passage. 

Mr. Mallary died at Baltimore, Md., in 1831, 
while on his return home from Washington. 

Maltby, Rev. Clark 0., was born in Rutland, 
. N. Y., July 19, 1836 ; educated at the Normal 
College at Albany, from which he graduated in 
1858. Mr. Maltby devoted a number of years to 
teaching and mercantile pursuits, in both of which 
he was very successful. Hearing the call of God 
to preach the gospel, he entered Rochester Theo- 
logical Seminary in 1874, and graduated in 1877. 
Before he completed his course he received the 
unanimous call of the Baptist church in Madison, 
Wis., to its pastorate. He entered upon his labors 



here in the autumn of 1877. The church had been 
in a very dispirited condition for a number of 
years. Through Mr. Maltby's pastorate a great 
change has been effected. The house of worship 
has been thoroughly repaired, a new organ pur- 
chased, a fine congregation gathered, and the future 
of the church is full of promise. He occupies one 
of the most important fields in the State, — the cap- 
ital of the Commonwealth. He is bringing to his 
work the practical wisdom gained by large experi- 
ence with men in business relations, mature and 
finely cultured intellectual powers, and a heart 
aglow with love for the highest and holiest calling. 
He has won in his brief ministry the place of a 
trusted shepherd in his flock, that of a Christian 
gentleman in the city, and that of a useful and re- 
spected minister of Christ throughout the State. 

Mangam, William D., was born in Croton, 
Westchester Co., N. Y. : an uncommon man, with 
acute, strong, comprehensive mind, and noble, 
generous impulses ; started in the city of New 
Yoi-k without capital, and became one of the 
largest and most successful commission merchants ; 
but lived not for himself; was an unswerving Bap- 
tist in his principles; bequeathed to the Clinton 
Avenue Baptist church of New York City, of 
which he was a member, a property worth $60,000 : 
was habitually benevolent, and always active and 
noble. 

Manly, BasU, D.D., was bom in Chatham Co., 
N. C, Jan. 25, 1798 ; baptized Aug. 26, 1816, and 
licensed to preach in 1818. He graduated at the 
College of South Carolina, Dec. 3, 1821, with the 
first honor, when honors were given to such men 
as Preston, Pettigrew,- and O'Neal. He was or- 
dained in 1822. His first settled pastorate was at 
Edgefield Court-House, S. C, where the savor of 
his influence is yet felt. In March, 1826, he be- 
came pastor of the First Baptist church in Charles- 
ton. Seldom has a pastor been so loved by all, saint 
and sinner, old and young. 

After about ten years of most successful labor in 
Charleston he became president of the State Uni- 
versity of Alabama. He was the controlling spirit 
of the university, and it enjoyed unwonted pros- 
perity for eighteen years under his administration. 

In 1855 he returned to Charleston as pastor of 
the Wentmouth Street church. After four years 
of fruitful toil, he was again recalled to Alabama 
as State evangelist, a position for which he was 
peculiarly fitted, and his labors were abundantly 
blessed. 

He spent the close of his life with his son. Rev. 
B. Manly, Jr., professor in the Southern Baptist 
Theological Seminary, at Greenville, S. C. It was 
a great pleasure to him to see the institution in 
successful operation for which he had so long 
labored and prayed. Doubtless he could have 



MANLY 



744 



MANNING 



adopted the language of Simeon : "Lord, now let- 
test thou thy servant depart in peace, for mine 
eyes have seen thy salvation.'' 




Dr. Manly was one of the most distinguished 
ministers with which the Spirit of God ever blessed 
the Baptist denomination. 

Manly, Basil, Jr., D.D., LL.D., son of the dis- 
tinguished Dr. Basil Manly, of South Carolina, was 
born in Edgefield District, S. C, Dec. 19, 1825. 
After attending a preparatory school in Charles- 
ton, he became a student at the State University 
of Alabama, where he graduated in 1843. He 
then entered Newton Theological Seminary, where 
he remained for a time, and subsequently gradu- 
ated at Princeton. He was licensed to preach at 
Tuscaloosa, Ala., in 1844, where he was ordained 
in 1848. He preached two years to several country 
churches in Alabama. In 1850 he accepted a call 
to the First Baptist church in Richmond, Va. His 
health failing, in 1854 he superintended the erec- 
tion of a building, costing $70,000, for the Richmond 
Female Institute, of which he became principal. 
In 1859, when the Southern Baptist Theological 
Seminary was established at Greenville, S. C, he 
was elected one of its original professors." While 
the seminary was suspended during the war he 
preached to several churches in the neighborhood. 
Upon the re-opening of the seminary he resumed 
his professorship, in addition to which he col- 
lected money for the support of students, by means 
of which nearly a hundred young men were en- 
abled to attend the institution. In 1871 he ac- 



cepted the presidency of Georgetown College, which 
position he occupied until 1879, when he again ac- 
cepted a professorship in the Southern Baptist 
Theological Seminary, now located at Louisville, 
Ky. He is regarded as a man of extensive learn- 
ing and critical scholarship, and is still more highly 
esteemed for his '' meek and quiet spirit" and his 
constant devotion to the cause of Christ. 

Manly, Rev. C. G., was born in Hamden, Geauga 
Co., 0., Jan. 14, 1834 ; convei-ted and baptized in 
1851. He attended the district school and Burton 
Academy, and studied at Kalamazoo and Franklin 
Colleges. He was ordained at Rolling Prairie, Ind., 
in February, 1865, and was pastor of the church 
there one year ; was missionary colporteur of the 
Baptist Publication Society for Northern Indiana 
to Southern Michigan one year ; organized the 
church at Three Oaks, Mich., during this year and 
became their pastor, and continued with them four 
years. He came to Kansas in November, 1869, 
and organized the second Baptist church west 
of Emporia ; assisted in constituting what is now 
known as the Southwestern Kansas Baptist As- 
sociation, in October, 1871. He has been pastor 
of the Augusta church four years. During the 
fifteen years that he has been in the ministry 
he has supervised the building of three meeting- 
houses and the repairing of two. He is a modest, 
but faithful and efficient pastor. 

Manly, Charles, D.D., was the son of Dr. Basil 
and Sarah M. Manly, May 28, 1837, in Charleston, 
S. C. He was prepared for college at Tuscaloosa, 
Ala., in the school of R. Furman, and was grad- 
uated from the University of Alabama July 11, 
1855 ; was baptized April 24, 1853 ; licensed to 
preach by the Tuscaloosa Baptist church Oct. 2, 
1855 ; was graduated from the Princeton Theologi- 
cal Seminary, N. J., April 29, 1859, and was or- 
dained pastor of the church in Tuscaloosa, Ala., 
June 19, 1859. Dr. Manly continued in this field 
of labor until called to the pastorate of the church 
in Murfreesborough, Tenn., Sept. 24, 1871, whence 
he removed to Staunton, Va., s^s pastor of the church 
there, Oct. 12, 1873. Dr. Manly was connected, 
either as professor or president, from 1860 to 1873, 
with the Alabama Female College ; and, as presi- 
dent, with Union University, Murfreesborough, 
Tenn., from September, 1871, to September, 1873. 
The degree of A.M. was conferred upon him by 
the University of Alabama in 1859, and the degree 
of D.D. by William Jewell College in 1872. Dr. 
Manly has contributed frequently to the Religious 
Herald. In his pastoral labors he has been very 
successful, and is a polished and vigorous preacher. 
He is now pastor of the church at Greenville, S. C, 
whei-e he labors with great acceptance and use- 
fulness. 

Manning, Rev. Edward, pre-eminent among 



MANNING 



745 



MANNING 



the foundei's of the Baptist denomination in the 
Maritime Provinces, was born in 1766, in Ireland ; 
brought up in Falmouth, Nova Scotia; awakened 
by hearing Henry Alline pray, in 1784 ; converted 
April 29, 1789, under the ministry of Rev. John 
Payzant, and soon began to evangelize ; had a re- 
vival at Kingsclear, New Brunswick, 1793 ; or- 
dained Oct. 19, 1795 ; renouncing Pedobaptism, 
was immersed, in 1797, in Lower Granville, by 
Rev. Thomas Handley Chipman ; became pastor 
of the Regular Baptist church, Cornwallis, Nova 
Scotia, Jan. 27, 1808, and continued in it till his 
death, Jan. 12, 1851 ; united in forming the Bap- 
tist Association, June 23, 1800 ; was a firm friend 
of Horton Academy and Acadia College. Edward 
Manning possessed a massive and powerful intel- 
lect, much firmness, keen penetration, great ad- 
ministrative ability, deep Christian experience ; 
was a profound theologian and a very useful min- 
ister of Christ. 

Maiuiing', James, D.D. — So identified was the 
life of James Manning with Brown University that 
the history of the earlier years of that institution is 
also the history of his life. He was its first presi- 
dent, we might almost say its founder, and he ceased 
not from laboring for it till the hand of death in- 
terposed. The twenty-six years of his connection 
with the college were years calling forth the high- 
est administrative and financial ability, the utmost 
prudence and indomitable perseverance ; years al- 
ways crucial to a young and financially feeble in- 
stitution, but doubly so by the poverty consequent 
on the war of the Revolution. How ably he accom- 
plished the arduous task that befell him the high 
position that Brown University occupies among 
the colleges of our country sufficiently attests. 

James Manning was the son of Isaac and Cath- 
erine Manning, and was born at Elizabethtown, 
N. J., Oct. 22, 1738. About the age of eighteen he 
went to Hopewell, N. J., to prepare for college, 
under the instruction of the Rev. Isaac Eaton. In 
1758 he entered the College of New Jersey, where 
he graduated four years later with the highest 
honors of his class. It was at the beginning of 
his college course that he made a public profession 
of his faith, and shortly after his graduation he 
entered the ministry. His mai'riage to Margaret 
Stites occurred in 1763, and a year was spent by 
him in traveling extensively through the country. 

There was a strong feeling among the Baptists 
of their need of an educated ministry, and the 
Philadelphia Association, which met in 1762, re- 
solved to attempt the establishment of a denom- 
inational college in Rhode Island, and to Mr. Man- 
ning was intrusted the carrying out of this object. 
A charter was obtained from the General Assembly 
in 1764 authorizing the establishment of the Col- 
lege of Rhode Island. 
48 



Mr. Manning then removed to the town of War- 
ren, about ten miles from Providence, where he es- 
tablished a grammar-school, which soon became a 
flourishing institution. It was removed to Provi- 




dence in 1770, and is now in existence as the Uni- 
versity Grammar-School. A church was organ- 
ized in "Warren the same year, — 1764, — and Mr. 
Manning was called to the pastorate. In 1765 he 
was formally appointed " President of the College 
of Rhode Island, and Pi'ofessor of Languages, and 
other branches of learning, with full power to act 
in these capacities at Warren and elsewhere." The 
college opened at Warren in 1766 with one student. 
Three others, however, joined within a few days, 
and at the first commencement — 1769 — a class of 
seven was graduated. 

In 1767 was formed the Warren Association, 
comprising at first but four churches, but it soon 
extended over New England. Mr. Manning was 
a prominent and useful member of this body, sev- 
eral times being chosen moderator. The Associa- 
tion was of much benefit to the college, giving it 
material aid and strength. 

It was decided in 1770 that the time had come 
for the erection of a college building, and Provi- 
dence was selected for the site, the town and county 
subscribing £4200 as an inducement thereto. The 
officers and under-graduates accordingly removed 
from Warren to Providence, and during the course 
of the year University Hall was ei-ected. Mr. Man- 
ning having resigned the pastorate of the Warren 
church, and the pastor of the First Baptist church 



MANNING 



746 



MANNING 



of Providence being desirous of retiring from the 
duties of his office, that church invited President 
Manning to preach for them, and in 1771 called 
him to be their pastor. His power in the pulpit 
was great, and during his pas*-""t<,te the church was 
much blessed. Many adaltions were made to its 
membership, and several revivals were experienced, 
that of 1774 resulting in 104 conversions. The in- 
creased prosperity and membership of the church 
under Mr. Manning's charge made necessai-y the 
erection of a new house of worship. With the view 
also of holding there the commencement exercises 
of the college, the church was designed and made 
to be the largest and finest church edifice of the 
denomination in the colonies. 

President Manning continued his arduous and 
multifarious duties as president, professor, and 
pastor till the breaking out of the war of the Rev- 
olution. The college had been growing in reputa- 
tion and usefulness, and was fast attaining that 
high position and influence it now occupies. But 
the capture of the town by the British forces neces- 
sitated the closing of the college, the building being 
occupied by them as barracks. After their de- 
parture it was used as a hospital by the American 
and French forces, and not till 1782 was the course 
of instruction permanently resumed. Meanwhile, 
President Manning occupied himself with his pas- 
toral labors, and efiForts for the amelioration of the 
distress so prevalent during that period. 

In 1786, President Manning was chosen by the 
General Assembly to represent Rhode Island in the 
Confederation of the States. He was induced to 
accept the position in the hope of gaining from 
Congress an appropriation for the use made of the 
college by the allied forces during the struggle for 
independence. He was granted leave of absence 
by the college and church from March until Sep- 
tember, when he returned and resumed his duties. 

The articles of the Confederation of the States 
proving inadequate for the purpose designed, a 
union upon a new basis was proposed. Our na- 
tional Constitution, framed at Philadelphia in 1787, 
was adopted by a few of the States with serious op- 
position, but in some of them, and especially in 
New England, there was great danger of its final 
rejection. Dr. Manning, though holding no politi- 
cal office, was deeply interested in the result, be- 
lieving that upon the adoption of the Constitution 
the future prosperity of the country depended. He 
attended the debates on the measure in Boston, and 
the favorable action of Rhode Island was in a large 
degree due to his counsels and influence. 

Dr. Manning had long felt that his collegiate 
duties were too great to allow him to give the care 
his church required, and in 1791 he requested the 
appointment of a successor. In April of this year 
he preached his farewell sermon. He had the year 



previous expressed a desire to be relieved from his 
collegiate duties, but before the request had been 
complied with he was stricken with apoplexy, and 
his useful life was ended July 29, 1791, in the 
fifty-third year of his age. 

Manning', E.ev. James, another founder of the 
Baptist denomination in Nova Scotia, was born in 
Ireland in 1764 ; brought up in Falmouth, Nova 
Scotia, and awakened under Henry Alline's min- 
istry ; converted in 1789, and joined the Congre- 
gational church. Rev. John Payzant, pastor ; com- 
menced to preach in 1792 ; evangelized with his 
brother Edward in New Brunswick, in 1793 ; in 
1796, James, renouncing Pedobaptism, was im- 
mersed by Rev. Thomas Handley Chipman. After 
returning from a second tour with Edward in New 
Brunswick and Maine, he was ordained pastor of 
the church in Lower Granville, Sept. 10, 1798, and 
continued in this position to his death. May 27, 
1818. James Manning was an earnest Christian 
and a faithful minister, a wise counselor and peace- 
maker in the church of God. His grandson. Rev. 
J. W. Manning, is now the useful pastor of the 
North church, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 

Manning, Rev. Reuben Elias, late one of 

the principals of Wayland Academy, a native of 
Penfield, Monroe Co., N. Y., was born March 31, _ 
1840. His parents removed while he was quite 
young to Salem, Mich., where he spent his child- 
hood and youth, receiving in the common schools 
of the neighborhood the rudiments of an education. 
He devoted himself for a number of years to agri- 
cultural pursuits with marked success. As the re- 
sult of his excellent management he became the 
owner of a fine farm, and was one of the most suc- 
cessful men in that calling in his neighborhood. 
He obtained a hope in Christ in 1858, and united with 
the Baptist church. He had frequent convictions 
that he was called to preach the gospel, and finally, 
in 1869, he abandoned farming and began to prepare 
for the work of the ministry. He gi-aduated from 
Kalamazoo College, Mich., in 1873, and from the 
Baptist Theological Seminary at Chicago in 1874. 
Before graduating he received a call to the pastor- 
ate of the Baptist church in Beaver Dam, Wis., and 
was ordained by this church Feb. 28, 1874. His 
pastorate here was one of marked success, the 
church growing in numbers and efficiency, and ob- 
taining through his influence a prominent position 
in the community. 

In September, 1877, having become associated 
with Prof. N. E. Wood in the principalship of 
Wayland Academy, he resigned his pastorate to en- 
gage in the work of teaching in that institution. 
He was associate principal with Prof. Wood, and 
Professor of Mathematics until June, 1880, when 
he retired from the school with a view of again 
entering the pastorate. 



MAN&FIELD 



MAR COM 



He is a man of splendid executive abilities, with 
superior qualities as a pastor. 

Mansfield, Rev. David Logan, a distin- 
guished minister in Gasper River Association, v^as 
born in Logan Co., Ky., June 8, 1797. In early 
manhood he became a member of Stony Point 
church, in his native county. His education was 
completed at Glasgow, Ky., under the direction of 
that famous instructor, Rev. R. T. Anderson. He 
was ordained to the ministry in November, 1823 ; 
soon after which he became pastor of Providence 
church, in Warren County, to which he removed 
in 1825, and there he settled for life. He was pastor 
of several other churches, and was very successful 
in leading sinners to Christ. In the winter of 
1832-33 he baptized over 300 persons. He died 
about 1850. 

Mansfield, Rev. James W., the most prominent 

minister of his day in Little River Association, in 
Kentucky, was born in Albemarle Co., Va., March 
18, 1794. In 1815 he settled in Kentucky, stopping 
for a few months in Mercer County, where he was 
baptized, and then locating in Christian County. 
In 1819 he removed to Caldwell County, where he 
made his home. In May, 1820, he was licensed 
to preach, and was ordained pastor of Donaldson 
church in 1827, in which office he served twenty- 
five years. At the same time he had charge of three 
other churches, and from the scai'city of ministers, 
for a considerable period he preached to several other 
churches on ''week-days." Among the churches 
he formed is that at Princeton, the county seat 
of Caldwell. He was fourteen years moderator of 
Little River Association. He died Oct. 15, 1853. 

Manton, Rev. Joseph Randall, A.M., son of 
Dr. Shadrach and Amey Randall Manton, was 
born in Providence, R. I., Sept. 28, 1821 ; gradu- 
ated at Brown University in 1842 : united with the 
Fourth Baptist church in Providence ; taught in 
Worcester Academy ; studied theology at Hamilton, 
N. Y. ; ordained to the Baptist ministry at Glouces- 
ter, Mass., in 1848 ; from delicate health left the 
New England coast and settled with the church in 
Clarksville, Tenn., from 1850 to 1857, also preach- 
ing widely as an evangelist ; settled with the Ver- 
mont Street Baptist church in Quincy, 111., from 
1857 to 1860 ; from impaired health removed and 
settled with the Baptist church at Minneapolis, 
Minn., in 1860, and remained till 1865 ; removed to 
St. Joseph, Mo., and remained four years ; in 1869 
settled with the church at Richfield, Minn., where 
he now labors ; a man of marked talents, true de- 
votion, uncommon culture, and great eloquence, of 
delicate health, successful in his labors, and greatly 



Manz, Felix. — See article Anabaptists. 
March, John, was bom in England ; removed to 
St. John, New Brunswick, in 1854 ; is q, prominent 



Baptist of that city ; was connected for several 
years with the press ; is now the efficient secre- 
tary of the board of school trustees for St. John ; is 
earnest and liberal in support of all denominational 
objects. 

March, Rev. Stephen, brother of John March, 
was born March 28, 1832, in England ; came to 
New Brunswick in 1854; was ordained at St. 
Francis, New Brunswick, July 5, 1856 ; became, in 
1858, pastor of the Baptist church in St. George, 
New Brunswick ; took charge of the church in 
Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, in 1862 ; Onslow in 
1874 ; Canning in 1877 ; returned to Bridgewater 
in 1879. He is a good preacher and pastor. 

Marchant, Judge Henry, was born at Martha's 

Vineyard, Mass., in April, 1741. His early edu- 
cation was the best that could be obtained in the 
schools of Newport, R. I. He completed his studies 
at Philadelphia, in the institution which subse- 
quently became the University of Pennsylvania. 
He spent five years in the study of law, and having 
been admitted to the bar, commenced the practice 
of his profession at Newport, R. I. Early in his 
career he advocated the rights of his country against 
the oppressions of Great Britain. At the October 
session of the General Assembly, in 1770, he was 
elected attorney-general of the State, and held this 
office until May, 1777. In 1771 he went to England 
in his official character to look after some matters 
afi"ecting the interests of Rhode Island. While 
abroad he was bi-ought into intimate relations with 
gentlemen of the Whig party, upon whom he ex- 
erted no little influence in favor of his country. 
Returning to his home in 1772, and anticipating 
the troubles which his sagacity told him would 
soon befall a town so exposed as was Newport, he 
purchased an estate in Narragansett, whither he 
moved his family. He was a delegate to the Con- 
tinental Congress for three years, and was one of 
the signers of the Articles of Confederation. After 
the war he returned to Newport, which place he 
represented for a time in the General Assembly. 
President Washington appointed him judge of the 
District Court for Rhode Island, which position he 
held until his death, Aug. 30, 1796. lu his re- 
ligious sympathies Judge Marchant was a Baptist, 
and shared, with Roger Williams, an intense love 
of civil and religious liberty, which was transmitted 
to his posterity. 

Marcom, Rev. J. C, was born in Orange Co., 
N. C, in 1814 ; baptized in June, 1835, by Thomas 
Freeman ; ordained in 1847, Revs. J. S. Purefoy, 
W. T. Brooks, W. A. Atkinson, and T. B. Horton 
forming the Presbytery ; has served many churches 
in Wake, Chatham, and Harnett Counties ; was 
reading clerk of Raleigh Association for thirty 
years, and moderator for two sessions ; has taught 
school, and is still active and useful. 



MAECY 



748 



MARSH 



Marcy, Gov. William Learned, was bom in 

Southbridge, Mass., Dec. 12, 1786, and died at 
Ballston Spa, N. Y., July 4, 1857. He was grad- 
uated at Brown University, removed to Troy, 




GOV. WILLIAM LEARNED MARCY. 

N. Y.. studied law, and was admitted to the bar. 
He served as lieutenant in the war with England, 
in 1812. In 1816 he was appointed recorder of 
Troy, and in 1818 he became editor of the T7-oy 
Budget, a leading daily newspaper. In 1821 he 
was appointed adjutant-general of the State militia, 
and in 1823 was elected by the Legislature comp- 
troller of the State, and removed to Albany. In 
1829 he was appointed one of the associate justices 
of the Supreme Court of the State, which office he 
held till 1831, when he was elected United States 
Senator. He served as Senator two years, when he 
resigned to accept the office of governor of New 
York. He was re-elected in 1834, and again in 
1836. In 1845 he was made Secretary of War by 
President Polk, a post made peculiarly difficult by 
hostilities with Mexico. As a member of Presi- 
dent Polk's cabinet he distinguished himself in the 
settlement of the Oregon boundary question, and 
other matters which engaged the attention of the 
government. In 1853 he was called into the cabi- 
net of President Pierce to fill the high office of 
Secretary of State. In his correspondence with 
Austria, his state papers on Central American af- 
fairs, and the Danish Sound dues, his great ability 
as a writer, a statesman, and diplomatist was de- 
monstrated to the world. 

He was a constant attendant and liberal sup- 



porter of the Pearl Street Baptist church of Al- 
bany, and an ardent admirer of Dr. Bartholomew 
T. Welch. In all the varied relations of life, pub- 
lic and private, there is no stain on his memory. 
His wisdom, his faithfulness, and his integrity 
stand unchallenged, and his memory is justly re- 
vered by all who knew him. 

Margrave, Rev. WiUiam G., was bom in 
Lexington, Va., Nov. 23, 1793. The death of his 
father when he was an infant left his education 
entirely to his faithful mother, who was a member 
of the Presbyterian Church. When seventeen 
years of age he located in the town of Lewisburg, 
W. Va., where he spent the remainder of his life. 

He was for a long time one of the most ungodly 
men in Lewisburg, a common drunkard, and a re- 
proach to his neighbors. While engaged in his 
dissolute pleasures he was powerfully convicted of 
sin and was converted. It was with difficulty that 
he found a Baptist preacher to receive him. At 
length Rev. James 0. Alderson heard of him, and 
came to his home and baptized him, and at once 
he began to preach. Whatever he did he performed 
with all his might. And such was the strength of 
his faith that he never doubted the reality of his 
conversion, and to the day of his death his zeal 
knew no abatement. His ministry was greatly 
blessed. An attack of pneumonia ended his work 
on the 24th of February, 1867. He died exhorting 
sinners to repent. 

Marsh, Ebenezer, is one of the men long iden- 
tified with Baptist progress in Southern Illinois. 
He has been for many years president of the Alton 
Bank, and a pillar in the Alton Baptist church. 
He was born in Sturbridge, Mass., Sept. 16, 1808. 
He was educated at Dudley Academy in that State, 
but in early life removed to Illinois, being one of 
the first settlers in Madison County in that State. 
His first occupation was that of teacher in the 
Rock Spring Seminary, St. Clair County, an insti- 
tution founded by Dr. John M. Peck. In 1832 he 
removed to Alton, engaging first in the insurance 
business, subsequently as a banker. As a member 
of the church in Alton, of the ShurtlefF College 
board of trustees, and in other positions of ser- 
vice, he has done much to promote denominational 
growth in his own section of the State. 

Marsh, Rev. J. B., was bom in Collisville, 
N. Y., May 26, 1830 ; converted at nine ; baptized 
by A. B. Earle in May, 1848 ; was licensed by the 
Collisville church, but fearing that he was not 
called he returned the license ; came to Virginia as 
a missionary of the Sunday-School Union in 1854 ; 
to North Carolina in April, 1855 ; was ordained in 
Ashville in September, 1858 ; preached for several 
years in Western North Carolina, but since 1868 
has served churches in Catawba, Iredell, and Davie 
Counties. 



MARSH 



MARSHALL 



Marsh, Rev. R. H., was born in Chatham Co., 
N. C, Nov. 8, 1837 ; graduated at Chapel Hill in 

1858 ; was baptized by Dr. T. C. Teasdale at Chapel 
Hill; in October, 1856 ; spent two years at the 
Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Green- 
ville, S. C. ; was tutor at Wake Forest College in 

1859 ; professor in Oxford Female College in 1862- 
63; preached in Granville County until 1864, when 
the death of his father recalled him to Chatham ; 
returned to Oxford in 1868, where he still resides, 
the blessed pastor of several excellent country 
churches. Mr. Marsh was for several years the 
pastor of the Oxford and Henderson churches ; was 
for two sessions moderator of the Flat River As- 
sociation, and has been for ten years a trustee of 
Wake Forest College. 

Marshall, Rev. Abraham, to whom belongs 

the highest place among the Baptist pioneer preach- 
ers of Georgia, was born April 23, 1748, in the town 
of Windsor, Conn. He was the son, and probably 
the oldest, of Daniel Marshall, by his second wife, 
Martha Stearns. Although he was the subject of 
•deep religious impressions from early childhood, 
yet it was not until he was about twenty-two years 
of age that he entertained well-grounded hopes of 
salvation. At that time his parents were living 
on Horse Creek, S. C, a few miles north of Au- 
gusta, and there, about 1770, he united with the 
ohurch, and was baptized in the Savannah River. 
He was immediately seized with a desire to lead 
others to the Saviour, and soon began to call sin- 
ners to repentance. In January, 1771, in company 
with his parents, he removed to Columbia Co.,Ga., 
and settled on Big Kiokee Creek, about which time 
he was regularly licensed to preach. He was not 
ordained, however, until May 20, 1775. 

Just as he had chosen his life-work the Revolu- 
tionary war broke out, and Georgia became a scene 
of violence and blood. During almost the entire 
struggle the people were subject to the combined 
outrages of Britons, Tories, and Indians. Many 
sought safety in flight, among whom were those 
noble and useful men, Edmund Botsford and Silas 
Mercer, the former never to return as a permanent 
laborer, and the latter not until after an absence 
of six years. Abraham Marshall and his venerable 
father, however, remained at their posts, faithfully 
preaching the gospel. Sometimes they were taken 
prisoners, and subjected to great indignities, but 
through all God mercifully preserved them. 

On the 2d of November, 1784, soon after the war 
closed, Daniel Marshall was called to his reward on 
high, and his son Abraham succeeded him as pas- 
tor of Kiokee church. In May, 1786, some busi- 
ness affairs, in connection with his father's estate, 
rendered it necessary for Abraham Marshall to 
visit his native town in Connecticut. He made 
the trip on horseback, and was absent several 



months, pi-eaching almost every day during his 
journey. In New England his sermons drew to- 
gether vast crowds, some comparing him to White- 
field in the fervor and power of his eloquence. 

On his return, in November, 1786, he entered 
upon his ministerial labors with greater zeal than 
ever, and, being free from the care of a faihiljr, he 
engaged much in itinerant work, visiting various 
parts of the State, and preaching the Word with 
great power. In the spring of 1787 a wonderful 
revival began, and spread far and wide: thousands 
attended the ministrations of the gospel, and multi- 
tudes were converted. During the year more than 
100 were baptized at Kiokee church alone, and the 
chux'ch membership soon increased to more than 
300. 

Now in the zenith of his powers, Abraham Mar- 
shall went everywhere throughout the State, preach- 
ing, baptizing, organizing churches, and ordaining 
ministers. So much assistance did he render in the 
work of constituting churches, and setting men apart 
to the ministry, that it was said to be " his busi- 
ness, his ti-ade." This language will not appear 
extravagant when it is remembered that in three 
years the number of churches in the Association 
increased from 7 to 31, and in seven years to 56, 
while during the same period the ministers had in- 
creased from 6 to 36. 

Mr. Marshall married Miss Ann Waller, of Vir- 
ginia, in 1792, being then forty-four years old, and 
for twenty-three years they lived happily together, 
she preceding him to their heavenly home by four 
years only. Four sons were the issue of this mar- 
riage, only two of whom attained to manhood. 

He retained the pastorship of the Kiokee church 
until his death, — a period of thirty-five years, — 
during which it kept its high position as the mother 
of churches and ministers. He from time to time 
had the oversight of other churches. In addition, 
during the whole course of his ministry, he con- 
tinued his itinerant labors, his praise being em- 
phatically in all the churches. 

In the old family mansion, near the Kiokee 
meeting-house, Mr. Marshall, full of years and 
honors, ended his earthly life on Sunday, Aug. 15, 
1819. 

It is not too much to say, in conclusion, that for 
abundance of labors and general usefulness the 
first place among the pioneer Baptists of Geoi'gia 
belongs to Abraham Marshall. 

Marshall, Rev. Andrew, was for many years 
pastor of the First African church of Savannah, 
Ga. He was born in South Carolina about 1755. 
He was owned by difi'erent masters, and he acted 
as "body-servant" to President Washington when 
he visited Savannah. Andrew was a witness of 
many of the exciting events of the American Rev- 
olution and of the war of 1812, and in the latter 



MARSHALL 



(50 



MARSHMAN 



■war he showed a patriotism which proved him to 
1)6 above the love of money. 

Andrew purchased his liberty about the time he 
■was converted, and he joined the church in 1785, 
and not long after he was licensed to preach. In 
1806 he became pastor of the Second Baptist church 
of Savannah. This was a colored church ; the First 
church was a white community, of which Dr. Henry 
Holcombe was pastor. Mr. Marshall's church in- 
creased from 1000 to 3000 members, when he led 
oif a colony and formed the First African church. 
Here his popularity was extraordinary, and his in- 
fluence and usefulness unbounded. His congrega- 
tions Avere overflowing ; his reputation was carried 
over the whole country, and it was known even 
in Europe. Andrew Marshall became one of the 
noted ministers of America. Every visitor who 
came to Savannah was likely to hear him, and 
when he was going to officiate in Augusta, Macon, 
or Charleston, throngs greeted his ministrations, 
many of whom were respectable white persons. It 
is said that " the Legislature of Georgia at one time 
gave him a hearing in an entire body." Sir Charles 
Lyell and Miss Frederika Bremer attended his 
church, and published sketches of him. But his 
wide-spread fame did not injure him. He was an 
intelligent man, and he was deeply pious ; he had 
wonderful executive ability in managing his im- 
mense church and his secular business ; he had 
great good sense and untiring perseverance; he 
was endowed with a keen perception and with 
ready arguments, and he would have been a leader 
in any age or country. 

He read and owned many books, among which 
was Gill's "Commentary," which shaped his the- 
ology and gave perseverance and stability to his 
converts. 

"His voice was so deep, sonorous, and tender 
that its capacity for the expression of pathos was 
unsurpassed." 

He baptized nearly four thousand converts. 

He died in Richmond, Va., Dec. 8, 1856, and he 
was buried in Savannah on the 14th of the same 
month. 

" An immense procession about.a mile long, with 
fifty-eight carriages, either loaned by families in 
the city to their servants or other colored friends, 
or occupied, as in many instances, by respectable 
white people themselves, followed him from his 
church to his grave." So Andrew Marshall, a 
colored friend of law and order, a man of genius, 
a grand Calvinistical Baptist, a man upon whose 
ministry the broad seal of divine approval conspicu- 
ously rested, was honored in life and in death in 
. his native South. 

Marshall, Rev. Asa M., for many years one of 
the most beloved ministers of Georgia, was born in 
Jones County, Dec. 20, 1832, of parents who were 



pious and consistent Baptists. A. M. Marshall 
was left an orphan at seven ; at twenty he pro- 
fessed religion and united with the church ; en- 
tered the Freshman class of Mercer in 1856, 'and 
graduated in 1860, studying with a view to the 
ministry. He was ordained in the fall of 1860, and 
in the following year became chaplain of the 12th 
Ga. Regiment, and served through the entire war, 
preaching to the soldiers, nursing the sick, and 
taking part in those grand revival movements that 
occurred among the troops which resulted in the 
salvation of so many. After the war he returned 
home and entered upon pastoral duty, which he 
has continued to the present time, serving various 
churches in Putnam and Greene Counties. As a 
preacher, he is plain and unafiected, earnest, and 
forcible. His whole aim seemed to be to edify his 
churches, hold up the Cross, and win souls to 
Christ. He is a man of genuine piety, and during 
his entire ministry has maintained a consistent and 
godly character. He is a strong friend of missions 
and Sunday-schools. 

Marshall, Rev. Jabez P., eldest son of Rev. 
Abraham Marshall, was converted after leading a 
wild life in youth, and became an able and useful 
minister. He succeeded his father in charge of the 
Kiokee church, which he served usefully until his 
death, which occurred in 1832, closing a period of 
sixty years, during which father, son, and grand- 
son presided over the same church. He wrote a 
life of his father, and served as clerk of the Georgia 
Association for a number of years. 

Marshall, Rev. William, belonged to one of 
the most distinguished families of Virginia, and 
one that has been equally famous in Kentucky. 
He was a brother of Col. Thomas Marshall, so 
noted among the pioneers of Kentucky, and an 
uncle of Chief-Justice John Marshall of the Supreme 
Court of the United States. He was born in Fau- 
quier Co., Va., in 1735. He grew up to be a bril- 
liant young man, and gave himself much to fash- 
ionable amusements. Upon his marriage with the 
daughter of Rev. John Pickett, a pioneer Baptist 
minister of that region, he was brought under the 
influence of the gospel. In 1768 he was converted 
and baptized. In a short time he began to preach 
with mighty power, and multitudes were converted. 
He was a singularly gifted orator, and continued 
to labor here about twelve years. Meanwhile he 
was ordained, and became pastor of South River 
church. As early as 1780 he removed to Ken- 
tucky, and settled in Lincoln County. He was 
active and diligent in the ministry, and in a short 
time aided in building up a number of churches. 
After a few years he settled in Shelby County, 
where he raised up Fox Run church, and became 
its pastor. He died in 1813. 

Marshman, John C, son of the distinguished 



MARSHMAN 



751 



MARSHMAN 



missionary, Dr. Marshman, of Serampore, accom- 
panied his parents to India in eai-ly childiiood, and 
spent many years in that country in various secular 
employments, especially identifying himself with 
Christian journalism. While a mere boy he de- 
voted himself with remarkable zeal and fidelity to 
the work in which the Serampore missionaries 
were engaged. In conjunction with his father he 
labored in producing the Chinese version of the 
Scriptures. He established the first paper-making 
works in India, issued the first newspaper pub- 
lished in the Bengali language, and founded the 
English weekly newspaper, the Friend of India, 
which in his hands became one of the most influ- 
ential journals in the world, and a potent factor 
for good in the Indian dependencies of the British 
crown. In its early days this newspaper escaped 
suppression from the British authoi-ities by the 
protection of the Danish government, under whose 
flag it was published at Serampore. It was out- 
spoken in its denunciation of official misdoings, 
and fearlessly advocated the civil rights of the 
native population. But whilst Mr. Marshman con- 
tinued to be a lajanan he did efficient work in 
connection with the Baptist missions, especially 
devoting himself to the interests of Christian edu- 
cation. He gave a very large proportion of his 
increasing income year by year to the maintenance 
of Serampore College and other educational insti- 
tutions. He became in later life the friend and 
trusted adviser of the government in important 
affairs, and few men exercised a greater influence 
upon the rulers and the ruled. His literary labors 
also procured him high standing. The lives of 
Carey, Marshman, and Ward, together with his 
history of India, will long perpetuate his name. 
His eminent services were recognized by the Eng- 
lish government by the bestowment of the honor 
of C.S.I. (Companion of the Order of the Star of 
India). He spent the closing years of life in his 
native land, enjoying the esteem of a large circle 
of friends, and serving the cause of Christian mis- 
sions and philanthropy. He died July 8, 1877, in 
his eighty-third year, and was followed to his grave 
by many distinguished men, including Lord Law- 
rence, formerly governor-general of India, and other 
famous Anglo-Indian statesmen, who had person- 
ally known his character and worth. Mr. Marsh- 
man's views concerning missionary methods of 
operation occasioned much discussion. He held 
with tenacity the opinion that India and the other 
Eastern nations could not be converted to Chris- 
tianity by Europeans, and that the business of mis- 
sionaries was to raise up " native apostles." When 
he died he was engaged upon a series of biog- 
raphies of the viceroys of India, a work for which 
he was universally regarded as better qualified 
than any man living. 



Marshman, Joshua, D.D., was born at West- 
bury Leigh, Wiltshire, England, April 20, 1768. 
He received such education as the village school 
afforded, and eagerly perused all the books that came 
within his reach. His love of reading was so no- 
torious, that when he proposed to join the Baptist 
church, the members were afraid he had too much 
head knowledge of the gospel to have much heart 
experience of it, but their apprehensions in time 
passed away. In 1794 he removed to Bristol to 
take charge of a school supported by the Broadmead 
Baptist church, and was soon afterwards baptized 
and received into church fellowship. He joined the 
classes of the theological seminary, and for up- 
wards of five years studied the classics, and also 
Hebrew and Syriac. The periodical accounts 
which recorded the labors of Carey awakened in 
him a missionary spirit, and in 1799 he and his 
wife offered themselves for service in India. Three 
other missionaries embarked with him in an Amer- 
ican ship, the " Criterion," on the 29th of May, 
1799, and landed at Serampore on October 13, 
seeking protection under the Danish flag from their 
anti-missionary countrymen in Calcutta. When 
the authorities found that the missionaries had ar- 
rived without a permit from the India House, they 
threatened Capt. Wickes, of the "Criterion," that 
his vessel should be refused entry unless the four 
missionaries appeared at the police-office, and en- 
tered into engagements to return forthwith to Eng- 
land. Representations were, however, made to the 
governor-general. Lord Wellesley, which resulted in 
the abandonment of all hostile proceedings against 
the vessel, but the missionaries were compelled to 
remain at Serampore. After the establishment of 
the mission in Serampore, Mr. and Mrs. Marshman 
opened boarding-schools, which soon attracted large 
numbers of scholars, and were a source of perma- 
nent income to the mission. In association with 
Mr. Marshman, Carey labored on translations of 
the Scriptures, preaching, and other missionary 
work. In 1806, Mr. Marshman commenced the 
study of Chinese, with the view of translating the 
Scriptures into that language, and, after fifteen 
years of arduous toil, he carried through the press 
the first Chinese Bible. He received the diploma 
of D.D. from Brown University in June, 1811. In 
1814 he published "Key to the Chinese Lan- 
guage," towards the expense of which the govern- 
ment of India voted £1000. On the 31st of May, 
1818, the first newspaper ever printed in any East- 
ern language was issued from the Serampore press, 
and was very popular among the natives. After 
the death of Dr. Carey, his already enfeebled con- 
stitution gave way, and although he rallied for a 
time, the capacity for work was exhausted. He 
died on Dec. 4, 1837, and his remains were laid in 
the cemetery with his departed colleagues. 



MARSTON 



MARTIN 



Marston, Rev. Charles C, pastor of the Bap- 
tist church in Clinton, Wis., a native of West Med- 
way, Mass., was born in 1849. When he was but 
a child his parents removed to Washington Co., 
Iowa. At the age of twelve he made a public pro- 
fession of faith in Christ. His parents were Bap- 
tists, and he had been from early youth instructed 
in this faith. But no Baptist church had yet been 
organized in the vicinity where he resided, and he 
united with the Winebrennarians, — a denomination 
holding views of faith and practice in some re- 
spects similar to those of Baptists. By them Mr. 
Marston was licensed in 1865, and ordained to the 
work of the ministry in 1866. He held pastorates 
at Boiling Springs, Spring Grove, and Lanark, 
111. In 1876 he united with the Michigan Avenue 
Baptist church of Chicago, 111. He has since been 
fully identified with the Baptist denomination. He 
completed the usual course of study in the Uni- 
versity of Chicago, preaching for the Norwood Park 
Baptist church while prosecuting his studies in the 
university. In 1878, having been called to the pas- 
torate of the Baptist church in Clinton, Wis., he 
•removed to that place, which continues to be his 
field of labor. His ministry has been more than 
usually successful, having been attended with re- 
vivals of considerable power. He is doctrinal in 
his preaching, a close student of the Bible, and one 
of the promising young ministers of the State. 

Marston, S. W., D.D., was born in York Co., 
Me., July 23, 1826. He studied in academies in 
Maine and New Hampshire, and for four years in 
New Hampton Institute, and graduated with honor 
in 1852. He was baptized by Rev. Abner Mason 
in 1847, in Medway, Mass. ; was pastor at Brook- 
field in 1852, and in 1853 went South for his health, 
and in a .short time returned to Middleborough, 
Mass., and taught two years, and preached during 
this time at New Bedford. Subsequently he taught 
in Greenville, 111., and in Burlington, Iowa. In 
1860 he became pastor at Plainfield, 111. In 1865 
he took charge of the Boonville Institute in Mis- 
souri. In 1868 he began his Sunday-school labors 
in Missouri, and in five years he increased the num- 
ber of Baptist schools from 74 to 603, and organ- 
ized a Sunday-school Convention in each of the 59 
Associations of the State, auxiliary to the State 
Sunday-school Convention, of which he was the 
secretai'y. In October, 1873, he became superin- 
tendent of State missions for Missouri, which posi- 
tion he held for three years, and then was appointed 
by President Grant United States agent for 57,000 
civilized Indians in the Indian Territory, whose 
afi"airs he managed with great satisfaction to the 
government. In 1879 he was appointed by the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society superin- 
tendent of freedmen's missions in the South, which 
position he now liolds. Dr. Marston is a thorough 



Baptist, a logical thinker, an able preacher, and a 
successful minister of Jesus. 

Martin, Rev. A. F., was born in 1812 in Mis- 
souri, and converted in 1830 ; has been preaching 
forty-seven years in Linn Co., Mo. ; has served as 
missionary of the General Association of Missouri, 
and performed evangelistic work, through which 
many have been converted. He was ordained in 
1833. His parents were constituent members of 
the Fee Fee church, St. Louis County, and his 
brother. Dr. Martin, was a constituent member of 
the Fourth Baptist church of St. Louis. 

Martin, Hon. Isaac L., was born in New 

Brunswick, N. J., Jan. 11, 1829. He early en- 
tered into business with his father, a merchant in 
his native city. After years of success his father 
transferred the business to his sons. Mr. Isaac 
Martin has long been a director of the National 
Bank of New Jersey and of the New Brunswick 
Fire Insurance Company. After serving in the 
Legislature two terms he was, in 1879, elected sena- 
tor from Middlesex County for three years. Mr. 
Martin while yet a youth united with the First 
Baptist church in New Brunswick ; has been in 
the board of trustees, the Sunday-school, and other 
departments of church work. 

Martin, Rev. James, B.A. (of London Univer- 
sity), late president of the Baptist Association, Vic- 
toria, Australia, and distinguished among scholars 
and theologians for his translations from the Ger- 
man, was born in London, England, in September, 
1821, and at an early age joined the church at 
Hackney. He studied at Stepney College, and then 
pl-oceeded to Bonn, in Germany. Having com- 
pleted his course with success, he settled first at 
Lymington, and subsequently at Stockport, Edin- 
burgh, and Nottingham. During his nine years' 
pastorate at Nottingham he rose rapidly to distinc- 
tion as a preacher and theologian. He translated 
upwards of twenty volumes of Clark's Foreign 
Theological Library, including several of the best 
worts of Keil, Delitzsch, Kurtz, Ebrard, and Heng- 
stenberg. In 1869 he received a pressing call from 
Melbourne, Australia, which at length he accepted. 
The position involved the honor and responsibility 
of denominational leadership in that rapidly grow- 
ing city and colony, and high expectations were 
cherished by all who knew him, which, in his brief 
Australian career, were in no scanty measure ful- 
filled. But in the full tide of success and honor 
he was stricken down, and died Feb. 13, 1877, in 
his fifty-sixth year. Both in England and Australia 
his death was keenly felt as a severe bereavement 
to the denomination and the Christian church at 
large. Mr. Martin published little except an able 
treatise on " The Origin and History of the New 
Testament." 

Martin, Rev. M. T., proprietor oi Baptist Record, 



MARTIN 



753 



MARYLAND 



Jackson, Miss., was born in 1842 ; was nine years 
Professor of Mathematics in Mississippi College ; 
acted as agent of the college after the war ; re- 
deemed the property from mortgage ; added $50,000 
to the endowment, and extinguished an incumbrance 
in the form of scholarships, amounting to $42,000 ; 
began to preach in 1877, and is one of the most effi- 
cient evangelists in the State. 

Martin, Rev. Robert, a prominent minister in 
North Louisiana Association, La., was born in South 
Carolina in 1814 ; began to preach in Georgia in 
1841 ; removed to Bossier Parish, La., in 1852, and 
became the successful missionary of the Baptist 
State Convention, and was instrumental in plant- 
ing most of the churches in Bossier Parish. After 
three years in this relation he became supply for a 
number of the churches which were planted by his 
instrumentality, and he has since labored in that 
capacity, supplying Salem, New Hope, Sarepta, 
and Spring Branch, in the parish of Bossier. 

Martin, Rev. Samuel Sanford, was born 
April 15, 1820, in Colisville, Broome Co., N. Y., 
and was baptized at the age of sixteen. After a 
three years' course at Hamilton, he was ordained at 
Colisville, Sept. 27, 1843. Kemoving to Illinois, 
he became pastor of the Knoxville, now Galesburg, 
Baptist church. His pastorates since have been at 
Lamoille, where he helped to build the first Bap- 
tist house of worship, at Dixon, Ti-emont, Delavan, 
— where also under his labors the first meeting- 
house was built, and Rev. D. H. Drake, missionary 
to Kurnool, India, was baptized, — Washington, 
Forest City, — a church being here gathered, — and 
San Jose. Mr. Martin is numbered with those in 
Illinois whose chief woi-k has been the laying of 
foundations. 

Martin, William E., A.M., principal of the 
University Academy, Lewisburg, Pa., was born in 
May, 1845, in Saltsburg, Indiana Co., Pa. Here 
he received his academic training. In 1868 he was 
baptized by Rev. Azariah Shadrach, and united 
with the Saltsburg Baptist church. In the follow- 
ing year he entered the Junior class in the uni- 
versity at Lewisburg, from which he was graduated 
in the class of 1871. 

After a year spent in teaching in the pre- 
paratory department of the university, he entered 
the Crozer Theological Seminary, in fulfillment 
of his original purpose to prepare himself for the 
ministry. After a single session, however, he was 
recalled to the work of instruction at Lewis- 
burg. He was principal of the English Academy 
until 1878, when the classical and English depart- 
ments of the preparatory work of the university 
were consolidated into the University Academy, 
with Principal Martin at its head. He has been 
very earnest in his purpose to elevate the standard 
of scholarship. Under his excellent management. 



and with his constant and self-denying labors, the 
academy is a success. 

Maryland, The Baptists of.— The first Baptist 
church in Maryland was formed in 1742, at Chest- 
nut Ridge, about ten miles north of Baltimore City. 
Its founder was Henry Sator, or Sater, a General 
Baptist, who came from England in 1709. It has 
ever. since been known as " Sater" s" church. It 
has a small brick meeting-house in a beautiful 
grove of about four acres, containing numerous 
graves of the Baptist fathers and their descendants. 
This church at first increased rapidly. In four 
years it numbered 181 members, and extended into 
Opeckon and Ketockton, in Virginia. In 1754 a 
church, principally originating from Sater's, was 
founded at Winter Run, in Harford County, which 
has since borne the name of the Harford church. 
For forty years it was under the pastoral care of the 
Rev. John Davis, who died in 1809, in the eighty- 
eighth year of his age, venerated and beloved. " Sa- 
ter's" became nearly extinct under Antinomian 
influence, and is now a very feeble body. 

The First Baptist church of Baltimore was or- 
ganized Jan. 15, 1785, with 11 members, all of 
whom, except its pastor, the Rev. Lewis Richards, 
were dismissed from the Harford church. From 
the Harford church also arose the churches at 
Taneytown and Gunpowder. The First church 
worshiped until 1817 in a small house on the 
corner of Front and Fayette Streets. In that year 
they completed the edifice in Sharp Street, so long 
known as the " Old Round-top," at a cost of 
$50,000 ; but the debt thereby incurred was not 
entirely removed for thirty -five years, and seriously 
hindered the prosperity of the churcR. During 
ninety -five years it has had only five pastors, 
viz. : Lewis Richards, thirty-three years ; E. .J. 
Reis, three years ; John Finlay, thirteen years ; 
Stephen P. Hill, sixteen years ; and J. W. M. Wil- 
liams, the present pastor, nearly thirty years. 
From it originated several churches, principally 
the Waverly church, and the Seventh church in 
1845, and the Lee Street church in 1854. In the 
year 1878, the vicinity of the meeting-house having 
become almost entirely occupied by warehouses, 
the church removed to Lafayette Avenue, near Tre- 
mont Street, where, in a new and beautiful house 
of white marble, renewed prosperity has been en- 
joyed. 

The Second church of Baltimore was founded in 
1797, by Elder .John Healey, from Leicester, Eng- 
land, who with five others came to Baltimore in 
1795. Elder Healey remained as pastor for more 
than fifty years, and died June 19, 1848. To this 
church belongs the honor of having established the 
first Sunday-school in the State of Maryland, in the 
year 1804. 

The High Street Baptist church was constituted 



MARYLAND 



754 



MARYLAND 



Feb. 14, 1835, of 10 members, six of whom were 
Wm. Crane and his family, and two, the Rev. J. G. 
Binney, its first pastor, and his wife. It was at first 
called the " Calvert Street church." Mr. Binney 
remained but a few months, and in January, 1836, 
the Rev. George F. Adams became the pastor, and 
continued, as such for about seven years, during 
which time the church increased to nearly, 300 
members. In 1843, the Rev. Jonathan Aldrich 
succeeded Mr. Adams, and in 1844 the church left 
the Calvert Street house and built a new one on 
High Street, first occupied in November of 1845. 
A crushing debt had been incurred in its erection, 
and in July, 1846, the pastor resigned and the 
house was offered for sale. After months of anxious 
solicitude relief was obtained by the concessions of 
creditors, the extra eSbrts of the church, the liber- 
ality of friends, and the election of a pastor, the 
Rev. Frankin AVilson, who served without salary, 
thus permitting the entire income to aid in reducing 
the debt. In November. 1850, a disease of the 
throat compelled Dr. Wilson to suspend his labors ; 
but, in a large measure owing to his liberality, the 
house was saved, and the church has continued to 
prosper under his successors, the Revs. H. J. 
Chandler, John Berg, L. W. Seeley, E. R. Hera, 
Geo. P. Nice, R. B. Kelsay, M. R. Watkinson, and 
J. T. Craig. The above named may rightly be 
called the "mother-churches," as most of the others 
(except the Nanjemoy and Good Hope churches in 
Charles County) sprang from them either directly 
or indirectly. 

ASSOCIATIONS. 

The Salisbury Association, on the eastern shore 
of the Chesapeake Bay, was formed in 1782, under 
Elijah Baker and Philip Hughes. It probably 
never had over 600 members, and, having adopted 
anti-mission views, has almost dwindled into non- 
entity. 

The first meeting of the Baltimore Baptist Asso- 
ciation was held at Fredericktown, in August, 
1793. Six churches, with 226 members, were rep- 
resented there. It increased slowly, until, in 
1820, it had 18 churches, with 1362 members. It 
was decidedly in favor of domestic and foreign 
inissionary operations for more than forty years, 
with a few dissentients on the part of some pas- 
tors and churches. The anti-missionary spirit 
culminated at the meeting held in May, 1836, at 
Black Rock, in the adoption, by a vote of sixteen 
to nine, of resolutions against " uniting with 
worldly societies," and in a declaration of non-fel- 
lowship with those who had done so. By " worldly 
societies" were meant missionary, Sabbath-school, 
Bible, tract, and temperance societies. The Asso- 
ciation was at once divided, and the two sections 
have since had only a nominal existence. 

The Maryland Baptist Union Association was or- 



ganized Oct. 27, 1836, with only 6 churches, 4 min- 
isters, and 345 members. The ministers were Ste- 
phen P. Hill, Geo. F. Adams, Thos. Leahman, and 
Joseph Mettam. From the beginning it was a mis- 
sionary body, and in favor of all the objects de- 
nounced by the "Black Rock" resolutions. For 
many years it included several churches in the Dis- 
trict of Columbia ; but in 1877 six white churches 
there withdrew to form a separate Association, and 
in 1879 the few colored churches of the District also 
withdrew, so that the Association is now confined 
to Maryland alone. Its present statistics will be 
found below. The largest number ever reported 
was in 1877, before the withdrawal of the District 
churches, viz., 51 ministers, 60 churches, 10,716 
members. Nearly all the churches outside of Bal- 
timore have been aided more or less by its contribu- 
tions, and several of those within the city. During 
the forty-four years of its existence it has dis- 
bursed, in sustaining missionaries and aiding feeble 
churches, $130,518, besides assisting indirectly in 
the erection of a large number of meeting-houses, 
the education of young men for the ministry, the 
support and endowment of the Columbian Univer- 
sity, and the distribution of Bibles and religious 
publications. A weekly paper, the True Union, was 
originated under its auspices in 1850, and continued 
until suspended by the war in 1861. Afterwards, 
in 1865, the Maryland Baptist, a monthly, was 
issued for one year. Subsequently, the Rev. 0. F. 
Flippo for several years published a monthly, — the 
Baptist Visitor. The Association has an invested 
fund of .$11,205 derived from special legacies, a 
" Superannuated Ministers' and AVidows' Fund" 
of $3061.22, and a " Church Building Loan Fund" 
of $606.81. 

The Baltimore Baptist Church- Extension Society, 
organized in 1854, has been of much value in plant- 
ing churches in the city. The Lee Street and Frank- 
lin Square meeting-houses were built under its au- 
spices, and more recently the Leadenhall Street 
house; and a new and handsome edifice for the 
First Colored church has been partly erected by 
this society aiding the members of the church. 
The recent progress of the colored Baptists in Bal- 
timore has been wonderful. The First church, 
founded in 1836, had only 80 members in 1868, 
after an existence of thirty-two years ; it now has 
350. In 1848, the Rev. Noah Davis, then a slave 
in Virginia, was aided by Baltimore Baptists in 
purchasing his freedom. He became a missionary 
of the Association, and a small church was organ- 
ized under his ministry in 1852. That church, 
united with fragments of others, has now grown to be 
the largest one in the Association ; and the colored 
Baptists, who, twelve years ago, were comprised in 
2 churches, with 273 members, have now 5 churches, 
with 2726 members. 



MARYLAND 



755 



MASON 



KBVIVALS. 
Many revivals have occurred at intervals in sepa- 
rate churches, but some have had a general and 
marked influence on the denomination. The first 
was in 1839, when the additions by baptism (606) 
were more numerous than the whole previous ag- 
gregate of members (565). In 1857 the baptisms 
reported were 559. From 1870 to the present time 
(except in 1871-72) the annual additions have 
ranged from 531 to 1085. 

EMINENT MINISTERS. 

This sketch would be very incomplete without 
further reference to at least two brethren whose 
labors, under God, have been greatly blessed in 
building up the cause of truth in Maryland, — the 
Rev. George F. Adams and Richard Fuller. To 
Brother Adams was largely due the origin of the 
Maryland Baptist Union Association. As pastor 
of two churches in the city, and two or three in 
the country, as general State missionary for sev- 
eral years, as editor, historian, as a faithful, zeal- 
ous, wise, consistent, devoted man of God, his 
labors and his character contributed much to the 
extension of our principles and the establishment 
of the churches in the faith. He died April 16, 
1877, universally lamented, leaving behind him a 
precious memory, and a rich treasure in the " His- 
tory of the Maryland Churches," carefully prepared 
by him. 

The Rev. Richard Fuller, D.D., entered upon the 
pastorate of the Seventh church, Baltimore, June 
1, 1847. After twenty-four years' labor there, 
during which the church increased from 10-4 to 
1170 members, he .went out, in 1871, with 134 
members, to establish the Eutaw Place church. 
At the time of his death, October, 1876, that church 
had increased to 468 members. But his usefulness 
must not be measured by the hundreds converted 
and baptized under his ministry. The influence 
of his noble character, his splendid talents, his im- 
passioned eloquence, his fame as one of the greatest 
pulpit orators of the age, his powerful advocacy of 
every philanthropic and Christian enterprise, did 
much to give his beloved denomination and the 
truth it maintains a higher estimate in the public 
mind, and to win for it a wider sway. Such trans - 
cendent abilities so thoroughly consecrated to Jesus, 
and {jermitted for neai-ly thirty years to shed their 
sacred lustre upon Baltimore and the surrounding 
country, formed indeed one of the richest gifts of 
God to the Baptists of Maryland. 

Quite a large number of ministers have gone 
forth from the Maryland Baptist churches, many 
of them to do good in other States. Among them 
are the honored names of Spencer H. Cone, Bar- 
tholomew T. Welsh, Wm. Carey Crane, Elijah S. 
Dulin, Noah Davis, the founder of the American 



Baptist Publication Society, and Benjamin Griffith, 
for so many years its efficient corresponding secre- 
tary ; the missionaries Rosewell II. Graves, Brethren 
Bond and Rohrer, whose mysterious loss at sea oc- 
casioned such profound sorrow ; J. L. Holmes, mur- 
dered by the rebels in China ; Jno. A. McKean, 3, 
H. Phillips, J. B. T. Patterson, Levi Thome, Isaac 
Cole, S. C. Borton, J. W. T. Boothe, J. L. Lodge, 
J. T. Beckley, C. J. Thompson, Richard B. Cook, 
J. H. Brittain, George McCullough, H. W. Wyer,. 
W. S. Crowley, and many others. 

CONDITION IN 1880. 

Neai-ly all the Baptist churches in Maryland are 
connected with the Maryland Union Baptist Asso- 
ciation. At its session in November, 1879, reports 
were received from 47 churches, 14 of them being 
in Baltimore City, and 33 in the country or in the 
smaller towns. The strength of the denomination is 
in the city of Baltimore. Ten of the city churches 
are white, numbering 3641 members ; four colored, 
numbering 2686 members. Twenty-three of the 
other churches are white, numbering 1386 mem- 
bers ; ten colored, numbering 605. In other words, 
there are in Maryland 8318 Baptists, of whom 5027 
are white, 3291 colored. Of these, 6327 are in 14- 
churches in Baltimore, averaging over 452 mem- 
bers to each church, while only 1991 are in the 3S 
churches of the State at large, averaging about 60 
members to each church. The largest church is 
the Union Colored church of Baltimore, with 1497 
members. The largest white church is the Seventh, 
with 590 members, though several others nearly 
equal it; for instance, the First church, 528; the 
Eutaw Place, 519; the Franklin Square, 494; the 
High Street, 438 ; the Lee Street, 407 ; the Second, 
Broadway, 328. 

All the city churches have good substantial 
houses of worship, none very large, but several of 
considerable architectural beauty. They are well 
located, at proper distances from each other, so as 
to reach all parts of the city. All except four, one 
German and one colored, are self-supporting and 
liberal in benevolent contributions. With each is 
connected a flourishing Sunday-school. 

Many of the churches in the State are not well 
located. Of the 23 white churches only 7 are in 
towns or cities of over 2000 population, the re- 
mainder being in small villages or country places. 
All of them have suitable meeting-houses, generally 
paid for. Partly for want of material, their growth 
has been slow, and their struggles for existence 
severe. Several have become extinct. 

Mason, Alanson P., D.D., was born in Cheshire, 
Mass., Jan. 19, 1813. He was graduated from 
Madison University in the class of 1836, and from 
the Hamilton Theological Seminary in 1838. He 
was pastor of four churches in the State of New 



MASON 



756 



MASON 



York, — Clockville, Groton, Binghamton, and Wil- 
liamsburg, and of the First Baptist churches in 
Fall River and Chelsea, Mass. After serving the 
latter church for thirteen years, he resigned his 
pastorate to enter upon the duties of district secre- 
tary for New England of the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society. In this position he is 
now serving his thirteenth year. While pastor in 
Chelsea he was for seven years a member of the 
board of overseers of Harvard University by ap- 
pointment of the Massachusetts Legislature. He 
received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from 
Madison University in 1859. 

Mason, Rev, Auguste Francke, pastor of the 

Baptist church in Milwaukee, Mich., was born 
in Clockville, N. Y., Nov. 17, 1839. He is a de- 
scendant of sturdy old Samson Mason, a dragoon 
of the republican army of Oliver Cromwell, who 
came to America in 1650, and concerning whom 
the records of Rehoboth, Mass., contain the follow- 
ing curious mention : "Dec. 9, 1657. — It was voted 
that Samson Mason should have free liberty to so- 
journ with us, and to buy house, lands, or meadow, 
if he see cause for his settlement, provided that he 
lives peaceably and quietly." Anabaptist as he 
was, this permission was regarded a peculiar act 
of grace on the part of the New England Puritans. 
For generation after generation the descendants of 
Samson Mason were pastors of the Baptist church 
in Swanzey, Mass. The Rev. Alanson P. Mason, 
D.D., the sixth generation from the old Cromwell- 
ian, and Sarah Robinson Mason, were the parents 
of Auguste Francke Mason. Mr. Mason's father, 
an able and prominent minister of the Baptist 
church, after a pastorate at Clockville, N. Y., was 
settled for six years at Brooklyn, N. Y., and thir- 
teen years at Chelsea, Mass. Mr. Mason's mother 
was the daughter of a New England farmer, and a 
woman of superior intelligence and great force of 
character. She was educated at Mrs. Willard's 
well-known seminary, Troy, N. Y., in which in- 
stitution she afterwards became a teacher. Mr. 
Mason was educated at Chelsea, Mass. After 
leaving the high school he became a clerk in the 
counting-room of a mercantile house in Boston, 
where his energy and business aptitude pointed to 
a successful career. In 1857, during the great re- 
ligious awakening, he was the subject of deep re- 
ligious convictions, which caused him to withdraw 
from mercantile life and to turn his attention to 
the gospel ministry. After a course of study at 
Madison University, from which he afterwards re- 
ceived the degree of A.M., he was ordained at 
Barnstable, Mass., in June, 1859. Although com- 
paratively a young man, his ministerial labors ex- 
tend over a period of nearly twenty years, and 
have been attended with marked success. He has 
been settled as pastor at Meriden, New York City, 



Leominster, and Washington, D. C. Mr. Mason 
is an earnest and forcible speaker, and his sermons 
exhibit much originality of thought and scholarly 
research. 

Mason, Eev. Darwin N., was born in Indiana, 
and reared in New York, on the shore of Lake 
Erie, on a farm. He graduated at the State Nor- 
mal School in Albany in 1856. He was ordained, 
and settled as pastor at Rochester, Minn., in 1861 ; 
removed to Iowa in 1868 ; served as pastor in 
Cedar Falls, as principal in Des Moines University, 
as pastor in Indianola, Boone, Marshalltown, and 
Marion. He was secretary of the Iowa Baptist 
State Convention 1874-77. He has been in his 
present pastorate at Marion since 1876. 

Mason, Francis, D.D., was born in York, Eng- 
land, April 2, 1799. In early life there was devel- 
oped in him a remarkable taste for mathematical 
studies. A love for the English classics was also 
awakened, and he made himself familiar with the 
works of the best authors in his native tongue. He 
came to this country in 1818. After his conversion 
he could not rest satisfied with the routine of his 
daily life. He wanted to do noble things for his 
Master. He was licensed to preach Oct. 1, 1827, 
and became a member of the Newton Theological 
Seminary in November following. Two years 
afterwards he received an appointment from the 
executive board of the Missionary Union, and sailed 
May 26, 1830, in company with Rev. E. Kincaid 
and wife, for Calcutta, and ai'rived in Maulmain in 
November. He joined Mr. Boardman in Tavoy in 
1831, and was with him during the last weeks of 
his life, administering the ordinance of baptism to 
the Karen converts on the memorable occasion 
when, as a dying man, the worn-out missionary 
reclined on the banks of the stream in whose waters 
the new disciples were " buried with Christ by bap- 
tism." Dr. Mason's connection with the Tavoy 
mission continued for about twenty-two and a half 
years, or one-half of his whole missionary life. 
While at Tavoy Dr. Mason's life was an exceed- 
ingly active one, and the visible results of his 
labors were manifest in many directions. For some 
time the superintendence of the station rested on 
him. A seminary for the education of teachers 
and preachers was also under his charge. He 
translated the Scriptures into the Sgau Karen and 
Pwo Karen languages. He also made his collec- 
tions for his " Notes on the Fauna and Flora of 
Burmah," published in 1852, and for a similar 
work which was published some time later. 

Dr. Mason having obtained permission of the 
board, proceeded to Toungoo to commence a mission 
in that place, where he arrived Oct. 22, 1833. In 
a few weeks he was joined by San Quala, "the 
Karen apostle," and two assistants. The most re- 
markable success followed the labors of these de- 



MASON 



757 



MASON 



voted missionaries. Although Dr. Mason was 
obliged to leave Burniah for this country in the 
early part of 1854, the work went on with marvel- 
ous strides, so that when, three years later, he 
returned to Toungoo, there were 2600 baptized 
Christians and 35 churches connected with the 
mission. In ten years from the establishment of 
the station more than 6000 converts had been bap- 
tized and 126 churches had been formed. 

In the midst of this wonderful prosperity oc- 
curred those singular circumstances which those who 
have made themselves familiar with the history of 
this mission will recall. Mrs. Mason, the wife of 
Dr. Mason, came under the influence of certain 
strange delusions, and through her teachings of the 
new converts the most lamentable defections from 
the simple gospel were the result. The peculiar 
hallucination which seemed to have taken posses- 
sion of her mind was this : " She pretended to have 
found the language in which God spoke to Adam, 
the ' God language' as she called it, in the em- 
broideries of the Karen women's dresses, in the 
pagodas, and other appendages of Buddhist wor- 
ship, and claimed that all nations have this lan- 
guage, and that what is needed only is to read it 
according to the key which she stated she had re- 
ceived." It was in vain that the executive board 
protested against the inculcation of these wild 
vagaries, and set forth the great injury which the 
Karen churches must suffer from the propagation 
of such sentiments. Dr. Mason did not see fit to 
interfere in the matter, and there was no alterna- 
tive but that his connection with the Missionary 
Union must cease. For a little more than seven 
years this separation continued, but at last the 
extravagant conduct of his wife forced him to 
believe that she must be laboring under a form of 
insanity, and he could no longer sanction the course 
which she was pursuing. His relation to the Mis- 
sionary Union was restored July 11, 1871, and con- 
tinued harmonious and pleasant until his death, 
which occurred March 3, 1874. 

From the foregoing sketch it is evident that Dr. 
Mason was no common man. Placed in any position 
he could not fail to secure respect for his ability. 
He created a new literature for the Karens, giving 
to them the "Word of God and other devout and 
instructive books in their own tongue. He was a 
careful observer of the natural history of the 
country in which he passed so many years of his 
life. Sir J. D. Hooker, an eminent English natural- 
ist, says of his " Fauna and Flora, etc., of British 
Burmah and Pegu," " F. Mason, D.D., has made 
the most valuable addition to the history of the 
fauna and flora of British Burmah of any man of 
modern times." In many respects Dr. Mason will 
be regarded as holding a first place in the ranks of 
American missionaries. 



Mason, Rev. J. 0., D.D., was born in Fort 
Ann, Washington Co., N. Y., Dec. 25, 1813. His 
parents were active members of the Baptist Church, 
and lived until a ripe old age. Their influence and 
training during his early years very largely moulded 
his subsequent life and character. When about to 
enter college, in his eighteenth year, he was con- 
verted, and began to prepare for the gospel min- 
istry. In 1833 he became a student in the Literary 
and Theological Institution at Hamilton, N. Y., 
graduating in 1836. Shortly after appointed by 
the Foreign Mission Board as a missionary to the 
Creek Indians beyond the Mississippi. He was or- 
dained Aug. 30, 1838, and, accompanied by his wife, 
started for his field. The unsettled state of the 
Indian tribes rendered mission work almost im- 
possible, and, after many attempts to gain a foot- 
hold, he was compelled to abandon it. In May, 
1840, he settled as pastor at Fort Ann, and re- 
mained with much success nearly four years. 
Sept. 1, 1844, he entered upon the great work of 
his life, as pastor of the Bottskill Baptist church, 
in Greenwich, N. Y. With an occasional brief in-- 
termission on account of ill health, he has labored 
with this honored church until the present time. 
During all these years he has been blessed in lead- 
ing souls to Christ and in breaking the bread of 
life to a people in whose hearts he is held with 
affectionate regard. 

Mason, Deacon John E,., son of Deacon Mason, 
of Warren, R. I., is a member of the Central church, 
Oakland, and treasurer of the California Baptist 
State Convention. He was born at AVarren, R. I., 
in 1826 ; spent some years at St. Louis, Mo. ; 
crossed the plains for California in 1849 ; and has 
been a successful merchant. He was converted in 
1868, and baptized by Rev. J. P. Ludlow, and has 
ever been active in church and denominational 
interests on the Pacific coast. 

Mason, Rev. J. P., was born in Chatham Co., 
N. C, March 13, 1827 ; baptized by Rev. Johnson 
Olive, November, 1848 ; ordained in January, 1856, 
Revs. G. W. Purefoy, B. J. Hackney, and Thomas 
Yarboro forming the Presbytery. Mr. Mason has 
served Lystia church for twenty-two years, and 
served other country churches nearly as long. He 
is a good pastor. 

Mason, Prof. Otis Tufton, was born in East- 
port, Me., April 10, 1838 ; was baptized in 1856, 
and united with the First Baptist church, Wash- 
ington, D. C, and was licensed to preach by the 
First Baptist church in Alexandria, Va., in 1859. 
Prof. Mason was educated at the Columbian Col- 
lege, where he graduated in 1861 with the degree 
of A.M. From that time to the present he has 
been the successful principal of the preparatory 
school of the university. He is superintendent of 
the Sunday-school of the First Baptist church, 



MASON 



758 



MASSACHUSETTS 



"Washington, D. C, and a deacon in the same. He 
is a collaborator of the Smithsonian Institution in 
anthropology, joint editor of the scientific depart- 
ment of Harpers' serials, and anthropological editor 
•of the American Naturalist. He is the author of 
several papers on anthropology, published in the 
" Smithsonian Reports," and in the '' Proceedings 
of the American Association." Prof. Mason is, at 
present, engaged in collating materials for an en- 
cyclopaedia of the North American Indians, an 
atlas of the archaeology of the United States, and a 
grammar and dictionary of the Southern Indian 
languages, a department of research in which he is 
deeply interested, and for which he has special 
aptitude. 

Mason, Sumner B,., D.D., was born in Cheshire, 
in the western part of Massachusetts, June 14, 




SUM.XER li. MASON', D.D. 

1819. He was a lineal descendant of Samson 
Mason, who was at one time an officer in Crom- 
well's army, a radical in politics and a Baptist in 
religion. He came to America about 1650. For 
assisting in the building of the Baptist meeting- 
house in Swansey he was summoned before the au- 
thorities of Plymouth colony, fined fifteen shillings, 
and warned to leave the jurisdiction. When the 
subject of this sketch was about seven years of age 
his parents removed to Penfield, in the western 
part of New Yorli. His father died in 1828, leaving 
a widow and a large family. Dr. Mason pursued 
his preparatory studies in Cincinnati, and entered 
Yale College in 1838, where he remained two years. 
He was baptized and united with the First Baptist 



church in New Haven, March 1, 1840. For the 
next seven years he was engaged in teaching in 
Cincinnati and in Nashville, Tenn. He was li- 
censed to preach by the First Baptist church of 
Nashville when Dr. Howell was pastor, Sept. 7, 
1844. He pursued his theological studies under 
the direction of Dr. Howell, and was ordained 
pastor of the First Baptist church in Lockport, 
N. Y., Aug. 22, 1849, where he remained until 
called to the First Baptist church in Cambridge, 
Mass., where he commenced his ministerial labors 
March 4, 1855. Here he proved himself to be "a 
workman that needed not to be ashamed, rightly 
dividing the word of truth." The church under 
his ministry of sixteen years grew not only in its 
membership, but in sound doctrine and active 
benevolence, and every year added to its pastor's 
reputation and the weight of his influence in every 
direction in which that influence was exerted. It 
might have reasonably been predicted that many 
years of active service and great usefulness were be- 
fore this devoted minister of Christ, but in the very 
prime of life he was suddenly cut down. What at 
the time was known as the " Revere disaster" sent 
a great shock through the minds of people residing 
in the neighborhood where the frightful event oc- 
curred. Dr. Mason was on his way to Beverly, 
Mass., to exchange pulpits with Rev. J. C. Foster. 
It was on Saturday evening, Aug. 26, 1871. At the 
Revere station, a few miles out of Boston, an ex- 
press train from Portland met the outgoing train, 
and Dr. Mason, with a score of others, was instantly 
killed. 

In an appreciative sketch of the life of Dr. Mason, 
his friend. Dr. 0. S. Stearns, says of him, " He was 
a sincere friend, an earnest, sympathetic Christian, 
a truth-searching theologian, an effective preacher, 
a wise and judicious pastor. To his family he has 
bequeathed a life full of sunny memories. By his 
people his name will always be honored. In his 
denomination he will long be considered one of its 
choicest ornaments. By all who knew him he will 
be esteemed as a. prince in Israel." 

Massachusetts Baptists.— We can trace the 
history of the denomination in the State of Massa- 
chusetts nearly to the settlement of Boston in 1630. 
Among the earlier inhabitants of the district taken 
possession of by Gov. Winthrop, and the nearly 
fifteen hundred people who accompanied him, there 
were found some who had grave doubts about the 
divine authority of the rite of infant baptism, and 
refused to have it performed in the ease of their 
own children. The first president of Harvard Col- 
lege, Rev. Henry Dunster, took a decided stand on 
the subject, and openly avowed his sentiments 
against infant baptism. Then came the persecu- 
tion of Thomas Gould, and the troubles through 
which the First Baptist church in Boston passed. 



MASSACHUSETTS 



759 



MATHER 



beginning with the formation of the church in 
1665 and extending through several years. Two 
years pi-evious, in 16G3, the church in Swanzey was 
formed, it being really a transfer of the Swansea 
church in Wales, organized in 1649, to this country. 
From the Boston church there were formed, from 
time to time, churches in different sections of the 
State, made up chiefly of members who, having been 
connected with that church because it was the only 
church of their faith which they could conveniently 
join, desired to enjoy church privileges in the lo- 
cality where they lived. In this way commenced 
the church in Kittery, formed in Maine in 1682, 
and about the same time the church in Newbury. 
Thomas Hollis, an eminent merchant of London, 
proved himself the warm friend of his denomina- 
tion by making generous provision for Baptist 
young men to be educated for the ministry in Har- 
vard. As early as 1727 we find that there were 
Baptists in Springfield, the pastor of the First 
church in Boston, by special request, visiting that 
place to administer the rite of baptism to several 
persons. Before the close of the century there 
were about 50 churches in different sections of the 
State. Among the oldest of these we mention the 
church in Wales, 1736; Bellingham, 1737; the 
Second church, now Warren Avenue church, Bos- 
ton, 1743 ; First Middleborough, 1756 ; West Har- 
wich, 1757; Third Middleborough, 1761 ; and the 
First church in Havei-hill, 1765. With rare ex- 
ceptions very few of these 50 churches were 
churches of much pecuniary ability. But they 
were earnest followers of Christ, and contended 
for what they believed to be " the faith once de- 
livered to the saints." They encountered perse- 
cution, they suffered many civil disabilities, and 
yet they continued to grow and multiply until 
they have reached a high rank among the other 
denominations of Christians in the State. 

The latest statistics give us the following figures : 
There are 14 Associations, embracing 289 churches, 
with 232 pastors. The number of ordained minis- 
ters in the State is 328. The total membership of 
the churches is 48,764, and the amount of money 
raised for various purposes, so far as reported, for the 
year covered by the statistical tables to which we 
i-efer, was $713,125. The church having the largest 
membership is the Union Temple, Boston, the num- 
ber being 1501. 

Of the State denominational societies the Con- 
vention may be first mentioned. It was formed 
May 26, 1802, and was incorporated Feb. 28, 1808. 
. It is authorized to hold real estate to the amount 
of $200,000. The receipts for 1880 were $13,800. 
The ofiicers of the Convention at the present time 
ai-e Eustace C. Fitz, president, and four vice-presi- 
dents, all laymen. Rev. G. W. Bosworth, D.D., sec- 
retary, and Rev. Andrew Pollard, D.D., treasurer. 



directors is made up of 50 ministers and laymen, 
who represent the different sections of the State. 
Another organization is " The Baptist Charitable 
Society for the Relief of AVidows and Orphans of 
Deceased Baptist Ministers." Rev. G. G. Fairbanks 
is its president. Its receipts in 1880 were over 
$2550. This society was formed in 1821. "The 
Massachusetts Baptist Pastoral Conference" was 
formed in 1829, its object being the relief of aged 
and indigent ministers. It is authorized to hold 
property to the amount of $75,000. The president 
is Rev. C. M. Bowers, D.D. " The Northern Bap- 
tist Education Society" was formed in 1814. It has 
a permanent fund of $32,400. The president is Rev. 
Henry M. King, D.D., and the secretary Rev. J. C. 
Foster. The society has aided during the year 52 
young men studying for the ministry. Its income 
in 1880 was $6774.91. (See articles on First Bap- 
tist Church of Boston, First Baptist Church op 

SWANZEV, NeWTOX THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, PlERCE 

Academy, Worcester Academy, and The Watch- 
man AND Reflector.) 

Mather, Rev. Asher E., was born in Canada 
in 1823 ; son of Deacon Alonzo T. Mather. The 




REV. ^bllER L. MAIHLR. 

family removed to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in 
1828, and to Michigan in 1836. He devoted some 
time to teaching, and then engaged in business in 
the city of Detroit. His attention was early turned 
to the gospel ministry, and many of his brethren 
thought he was called of God to this work before 
he could overcome his fear lest he was not qualified 
for it. At length, in 1851, turning away from pur- 
suits that promised large pecuniary returns, he 
became pastor in Mount Clemens, where he was or- 
August, 1851. This pastorate continued 



MATHEWS 



760 



MATHIAS 



only for a yeai-, but was specially attended with 
the blessing of God. The Tabernacle church, in 
Detroit, of which he had been a deacon, called him 
to be its pastor, and he accepted the call. But the 
plans of the church could not be carried out with 
the means at its command, and after a brief period 
he removed to Romeo, where a small church was in 
a depressed condition. During the next four years 
his work was greatly blessed, a good house of wor- 
ship and a parsonage were built, and the church, 
which had been aided by the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society, became self-supporting. 
His next pastorate was in Pontiac, and continued 
nine years. These were years of prosperity. At 
the opening of the war he rendered valuable ser- 
vice in raising a regiment of volunteers, and became 
its chaplain. He was absent from the church a 
year in this service. 

In 1866 he became district secretary of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society, and for 
ten years engaged in work for that society with 
great earnestness, and with constant tokens of 
divine approval. Having led in the organization 
of the church in Caro, in 1876, and the erection of 
its house of worship, he became, soon after, pastor 
in Portland, where he is now engaged in earnest 
work. 

No Baptist in Michigan is more fully acquainted 
with the churches throughout the State, and none 
have rendered a service more widely felt. He has 
assisted at the dedication of more than fifty houses 
of worship. It was at his suggestion that the 
Woman's Baptist Home Mission Society of Michi- 
gan was formed, — the first society of its kind in the 
country. He served the State Convention as its 
secretary for seven years, and in 1879 was made its 
president. 

Mathews, William, LL.D., is by far the best 
and most successful writer the West has yet pro- 
duced. Having enjoyed in early life the culture of 
New England, and, later, having breathed for many 
years the stimulating atmosphere of the West, he 
combines with the finished scholarship of the one, 
the vigorous vitality of the other. He was born at 
Waterville, Me., July 28, 1818. His taste for study, 
and his proficiency in whatever in that way was 
undertaken, were shown very early in life. At the 
age of thirteen he entered Waterville College, now 
Colby University, and in 1835, at the age of seven- 
teen, graduated. Two years were then spent in 
the Harvard Law School, and two years more in 
the office of Hon. Timothy Boutelle, of Waterville. 
Having been admitted to the bar, he first taught 
for a year in Virginia, but returning to AYaterville 
in 1841, he began the practice of law, associating 
with that, however, the editorship of a literary 
paper, — The Yankee Blade. This latter proved to 
be for him the more congenial sphere. After two 



years the paper was removed to Gardiner, Me., 
where for some four or five years its publication 
was continued with marked success ; subsequently 
to Boston, in which city it achieved a circulation 
and popularity in all parts of the United States 
scarcely equaled by any other literary paper. As 
editor of the Blade, Mr. Mathews formed many in- 
teresting and valuable literary acquaintances, in- 
cluding several of the best known and most eminent 
of American writers. 

In 1856, Mr. Mathews sold his paper and re- 
moved to Chicago. His work here was at first in 
the form of contributions to various journals ; but 
in 1859 he was appointed librarian of the Young 
Men's Association, holding that ofiice some three 
years. He was then elected Professor of Rhetoric 
and English Literature in the University of Chi- 
cago. This place he filled with eminent success 
until 1875, when he resigned it, with a view to de- 
vote himself entirely to authorship. In this new 
line of work he has been remarkably successful. His 
wi-itings for the most part have the form of essays, 
upon subjects literary, biographical, and practical, 
covering a wide range, but so grouped as to give 
each of his volumes admirable unity of direction 
and general topic. His style is a model of elegance 
and vivacity, while his method, being largely illus- 
trative, enables him to utilize the results of an al- 
most ubiquitous reading and study. The titles 
of his principal books, and nearly in the order of 
their appearance, are " Getting On in the World," 
"Words, their Use and Abuse," "Orations and 
Orators," and "Monday Chats," the last named 
being a translation of Sainte-Beuve's " Causeries du 
Lundi," introduced by an appreciative biography 
of the great French litUrateur and critic. Dr. 
Mathews's home is still in Chicago, where he enjoys 
the warmest esteem of a wide circle of cultured 
friends. 

MatMas, Rev. Joseph, of HiUtown, Bucks Co., 
Pa., was born May 8, 1778. He was baptized on 
a profession of his faith in his twenty-second year. 
He was ordained to preach the gospel July 22, 
1806, and he continued in the work of the ministry 
for more than forty-six years as pastor of the same 
church. He possessed a vigorous intellect, a spirit 
of stern loyalty to Jesus, and a heart overflowing 
with love to the Redeemer. 

He was a strong Calvinist, fully persuaded that 
each believer owed his salvation to a gospel spring- 
ing from the everlasting and personal love of God, 
a gospel bearing the whole treasures of grace to 
every heart that received it, and a gospel surely 
carrying each recipient to the world of glory. 

He was untiring in the use of means to bring 
men to the Saviour. His prayers for the salvation 
of his people were marked by a fervor and a faith 
that nothing could surpass. His public appeals to 



MATHIAS 



761 



MAXCY 



saints and sinners to follow Jesus were unusually 
tender and earnest. 

He preached three times on the Lord's day, and 
several times during the week. And it was his 
regular custom to make a tour annually, at a con- 
venient season of the year, extending over several 
weeks, and to preach every night at the place 
where he stopped. To gather a congregation he 
sent word beforehand, and the people thronged to 
hear the gospel. In a brief account of one of these 
apostolic trips befoi:e me, it is stated that he 
preached in ten different places, and baptized ten 
persons at three of his meetings. Only one of 
these services was held in a church, the others 
were conducted in barns and school-houses. The 
labor performed for the Saviour in this way was 
effective and very extensive. Many were born 
again, and united with other denominations, and 
many others formed Baptist churches, several of 
which are in a flourishing condition at this time. 

In one of his preaching journeys he tells of two 
persons "who requested baptism, but the relation 
they gave was not satisfactory, and their request 
was not granted." Mr. Mathias built up Christian 
churches in the truth, and with soundly converted 
members, whose future experience would encourage 
their brethren and commend the gospel. 

He was an earnest advocate of missions all over 
our own country, and away to the ends of the 
earth. He was ever ready to speak for missions in 
his own church and in the region around. And it 
was his custom to commend Christian love for the 
perishing at home and abroad by a liberal con- 
tribution of his own, which gave him freedom of 
utterance in appealing to others, and which im- 
parted a peculiar power to his missionary argu- 
ments. 

He had five sons and three daughters, every one 
of whom was converted under his ministry, and 
buried in the waters of baptism by his hands. 

No man was loved more in the old Philadelphia 
Association than Father Mathias. His fame had 
traveled over the entire State and a large section 
of New Jersey. Wherever he was known he had 
a warm place in the hearts of the friends of 
Christ. 

He was a firm Baptist, and while he loved all 
Christians, he knew nothing of that charity that 
would sacrifice the smallest part of God's truth. 
Not for empires, nor for mines of gold, nor for 
worlds, would he slight his Lord that he might 
bribe the servants of that Master for their good 
will. 

Mr. Mathias preached three times the Sunday 
before his death ; on the following Tuesday even- 
ing his spirit suddenly entered the heavens. On 
Friday an immense concourse of people gathered 
at his funeral services, every one of whom felt that 
49 



a father and a friend had been borne to the skies 
when Father Mathias fell asleep. And though 
this event occurred thirty years ago the memory 
of our venerable friend is as fragrant as ever, 
not in HilltOAvn only, but for hundreds of miles 
around it. 

Mattoon, Rev. C. H., of Albany. Oregon, is an 
earnest and influential preacher, and known as the 
Baptist historian in that State. There is hardly 
any pastor or prominent Baptist in Oregon whose 
history is unknown to Mr. Mattoon. He has 
preached in nearly every part of the State. Born 
at Canastota, N. Y., of Old-School Presbyterian 
parents, he became a Baptist, and was immersed 
at Genoa, 0., in 1844. He obtained a good educa- 
tion at Central College, 0. He went to Oregon in 
1851 ; was licensed in 1853 ; published The Relig- 
ious Expositor six months ; was Professor of Mathe- 
matics in McMinnville two years ; and in agency 
work became familiar with Baptists in the State 
and adjacent Territories. In 1871 he was ordained 
by the Pleasant Butte church ; is a strong Baptist 
writer of the Landmark school ; in 1874 held a 
written discussion on that subject; is more logical 
than rhetorical in preaching ; is positive, and so 
full of the facts in Baptist history that he is some- 
times called " the Baptist Encyclopaedia of Oregon." 
He is historical secretary of the Baptist Convention 
of the North Pacific coast. 

Maxcy, Jonathan, D.D., was born in Attle- 
borough, Mass., Sept. 2, 1768. In his case the 
moulding influence of a highly gifted mother was 
felt in the formative period of his life. Such was 
the intellectual development of young Maxcy that 
his parents determined to secure for him all the 
advantages of a liberal course of study. Having 
been prepared for college in the academy of Rev. 
William Williams, of Wrentham, not far from his 
native place, he became a member of the Freshman 
class in Brown University in 1783, when he was 
but fifteen years of age. All the hopes which had 
been cherished with reference to him were abun- 
dantly realized. He made rapid progress in the 
acquisition of knowledge and in mental discipline, 
and graduated with the highest honors of his class 
in 1787. His talents were brought into immediate 
service in the college where he had gained his 
laurels. He was appointed a tutor, and for four 
years devoted himself with great success to the 
duties of his office. But his Master had a higher 
service for him. Having become a subject of the 
converting grace of God. he was baptized by Rev. 
Dr. Manning, and connected himself with the First 
Baptist church in Providence. The church at once 
gave him a license to preach, and he was invited to 
supply the pulpit which President Manning had 
recently vacated. From the outset of his public 
efforts as a preacher of the gospel his rank as a 



MAXCr 



762 



3fAXEr 



pulpit orator was established. So pleased was the 
church with these efforts that he was solicited to 
resign his office as tutor in Brown University and 
accept a call to the pastorate of the flock to which 
he had ministered with so much satisfaction. The 
call was accepted, and Mr. Maxcy was ordained 
Sept. 8, 1791, when he was but twenty-three years 
of age, the Kev. Dr. Stillman preaching the ordi- 
nation sermon. He was also appointed a professor 
in Brown University on the same day, as well as a 
trustee of the college. 

In the midst of most congenial employments, 
and when he was constantly developing his powers 
as a preacher and a pastor, Dr. Manning was sud- 
denly smitten down by a fatal disease and died. 
All eyes were at once turned to Maxcy as the most 
suitable person to fill the vacancy created by the 
decease of the lamented Manning, and lie was 
unanimously elected president. He resigned his 
pastorship just one year from the day he was or- 
dained, and entered upon his duties in the univer- 
sity. He was only twenty-four years of age, the 
youngest man, if we mistake not, that was ever 
called to fill so responsible a position in this coun- 
try. His youth probably brought him in closer 
and more intimate relations with the students of 
the college than if he had been older. At any rate, 
he was from the first very popular, and the young 
men were proud of their youthful president. Sev- 
eral discourses which he published within a few 
years after he took charge of the university added 
greatly to his reputation as an able divine. In 
1801 JIarvard University conferred on him the 
honorary degree of Doctorof Divinity. He was at 
the time only thirty-three years of age. His official 
connection with Brown University continued for 
ten years, when he was called to the presidential 
chair in Union College, where he remained two 
years. Finding our Northern climate too severe 
for his delicate constitution, he accepted an invita- 
tion to take the presidency of the South Carolina 
College, where he remained for sixteen years, and 
was the means of raising the institution to a high 
rank among the colleges of the country. 

From all the traditions that have come down to 
us there is reason to believe that Dr. Maxcy was 
one of the most eloquent preachers, not merely of 
his own denomination, but of any, in the country. 
It is said that " a profound and breathless silence, 
an intense feeling, and a delight amounting to rap- 
ture were the almost invariable attendants of his 
preaching. His manner was emphatically his own. 
There was no labored display, nothing turgid or 
afi'ected, but everything was easy, graceful, digni- 
fied, and natural. His general manner of delivery 
was rather mild than vehement, and rather solemn 
than impetuous ; commencing in a moderate tone 
of voice, but becoming more animated and impas- 



sioned as he proceeded, he gradually influenced the 
hearts and feelings of his audience." Says Hon. 
Jas. L. Petigru, of South Carolina, " Never will the 
charm of his eloquence be erased from the memory 
on which its impression has once been made." 
Hon. Senator Evans, of South Carolina, "He was 
the greatest orator I have ever heard in the pulpit." 
Judge O'Neall, of Soufh Carolina, "His were the 
finest specimens of eloquence and truth to which it 
has been my privilege to listen." Dr. Maxcy died 
June-4, 1820. 

Maxey, Gen. Rice, was born in Barren, Ky., 
July 23, 1800. In 1829 he became a member of 
Mill Creek Baptist church, Monroe Co., Ky. Prac- 
tised law from his twenty-first to his fiftieth year ; 
removed to Paris, Texas, Nov. 20, 1857 ; elected to 
the State senate to succeed his son. Gen. S. B. 
Maxey, in 1862. He lived to see his son, Samuel 
Bell Maxey, a U. S. Senator from Texas. He was a 
leader in Kentucky and Texas, both in religion and 
politics, and exerted great influence both by his 
lofty character and fine abilities. He was twice 
married. After a painful illness, borne with Chris- 
tian fortitude, he died Jan. 11, 1878. 

Maxey, IT. S. Senator Samuel Bell.— The 
Maxey family are of Huguenot descent, having 
settled on James River soon after the revocation of 
the edict of Nantes. His great-grandfather, Rad- 




GEN. SAMUEL BELL MAXEY. 

ford Maxey, became a planter in Halifax Co., Va., 
and his grandfather, "William Maxey, removed to 
Kentucky in the last century. His father. Rice 
Maxey, was born in Barren Co., Ky., in the year 



MA^EV 



763 



MA YFIELD 



1800, and was a lawyer by profession. His mother 
was the daughter of Samuel Bell, a native of Al- 
bemarle Co., Va. 

Samuel Bell Maxey was born at Tompkinsville, 
Monroe Co., Ky., March 30, 1825. His father re- 
moved, in 1834, to Clinton County, where he was 
clerk of the Circuit and County courts. In 1857 
he removed to Texas anfl settled at Paris. Sam- 
uel was educated at the best schools, studying 
Latin, Greek, and mathematics until he was seven- 
teen years old, when he was appointed a cadet in 
the Military Academy at West Point. He was 
graduated there in 1846, and assigned to the 7th 
Infantry as a brevet second lieutenant. That fall 
he went to Mexico. He first joined Taylor at Mon- 
terey, and when Scott organized a new offensive 
line from Vera Cruz, Maxey went in Twiggs' col- 
umn to Tampico. lie shared in the siege of Vera 
Cruz, and was with Harvey's brigade at the battle 
of Cerro Gordo. He was brevetted a first lieutenant 
for gallant conduct at the battles of Contreras and 
■Churubusco, and was also engaged at Molino del 
Rey and in the engagement which resulted in the 
•capture of the city of Mexico. After the city fell 
into his hands Gen. Scott organized a battalion of 
five companies of picked men under Col. Charles 
F. Smith as a city guard. Maxey was assigned to 
the command of one of these companies, and he 
■was thus provost of one of the five districts of the 
■city. Maxey had learned French at West Point. 
While in Mexico he became familiar with the Span- 
ish tongue, which subsequently proved useful to 
him in the practice of the law in Texas. He re- 
turned to the United States from Mexico in the 
summer of 1848, and was stationed at Jefferson 
Barracks, but finally resigned Sept. 17, 1849. He 
returned to his father's home, studied law, and in 
1850 began the practice at Albany, Clinton County. 

In 1857 he settled at his present home in Paris, 
a. promising town in Northeastern Texas, and prac- 
tised law until 1861. About the opening of the 
war he was elected to the State senate, but never 
took his seat, as he thought he ought to be in the 
a,rmy. He raised the 9th Texas Infantry for the 
army under Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston. In De- 
cember, 1861, it marched by land and reached 
Memphis in time to join the army at Corinth. In 
the mean time he had been made a brigadier-gen- 
eral. He joined Gen. Johnston at Decatur, and 
was sent by him to Chattanooga to collect and re- 
organize troops there. 

Gen. Maxey' s services in the Confederate army 
were many and important. On the direct applica- 
tion of Gen. E. Kirby Smith, then in command of 
the Trans-Mississippi Department, in the fall of 
1863 he was ordered to take command of the Indian 
Territory. Everything there was in terrible con- 
fusion. Maxey, with very little aid from head- 



quarters, put eight or ten thousand troops under 
arms. In the spring of 1864 he advised Gen. Smith 
of Steele's advance, and moved into Arkansas, 
where he joined Price and shared in his fight at 
Prairie Danne to check the enemy. He fought 
Steele at Poison Springs, April 18, 1864, and cap- 
tured his entire train of 227 wagons. The loss of 
his transportation compelled Steele to retire. For 
his conduct on this occasion Maxey was made a 
major-general. 

Gen. Maxey went to his home and devoted him- 
self to the practice of the law, which soon proved 
both laborious and lucrative to him. He was ap- 
pointed judge, but declined. In 1874 he was elected 
to the United States Senate, and took his seat March 
5, 1875. Gen. Maxey undoubtedly owes his election 
to the popular conviction that he is stanch, diligent, 
and a representative man. 

At first Gen. Maxey was placed on the Committee 
on Territories, but was transferred the same year, 
1875, to that on Military Affairs. He has served 
continuously on tliQ Committee on Labor and Edu- 
cation, and on Post-Offices, of which latter he is 
now chairman. He has had more than ordinary 
success in practical legislation. He has never made 
a report from any committee which was not sus- 
tained. The post-office committee is a vei-y impor- 
tant one to a frontier State. Gen. Maxey has aided 
greatly in increasing the postal facilities of Texas. 
Among others, he has had established the stage 
route from Fort Worth to Fort Yuma, the longest 
stage line in the world. 

Gen. Maxey is a member of the Baptist Church, 
to which his family has belonged for four or five 
generations. He is a gallant, genial gentleman, 
and a hard-working, useful Senator. Very few Sen- 
ators enjoy so generally the affection and esteem 
of their colleagues. 

Maxson, Rev. John, the first white child bom 
on the island of Rhode Island, was born in 1638, 
shortly after his father had been killed by the Pe- 
quots. He was one of the purchasers of Westerly, 
R. I., in 1661, and one of the freemen there in 
1669 ; ordained, when seventy years of age, " to the 
place and office of an elder" in the First Westerly 
(now Hopkinton) Seventh-Day Baptist church ; 
had as assistants, in 1710, .lohn Maxson (2d), Wil- 
liam Davis, Joseph Clarke, Sr., George Stillman, 
Joseph Clarke, Jr., and Joseph Crandall, and in 
1712 the church numbered about 130 members ; 
died Dec. 17, 1720, aged eighty-two. 

Mayfield, W. D., D.D., pastor of Central Baptist 
church, Little Rock, Ark., was born in South Caro- 
lina in 1837 ; began to preach in 1856 ; chaplain 
of the 3d S. C. Regiment, in the Confederate army ; 
after filling several important pastorates in his 
native State he became pastor at Helena, Ark., in 
1868 ; from 1874 to 1877, corresponding secretary 



MAYS 



764 



MCCALLUM 



of the Southern Baptist Publication Society ; then 
removed to Nashville, Tenn., and began the publi- 
cation of the Baptist Reflector ; he also published 
a literary magazine called Happy Home; at the 
close of the year 1879 he removed to Little Rock. 
Dr. Mayfield is a fine writer, and as he is yet in 
the prime of life, much may be expected from his 
vigorous pen. 

Mays, E.ev. John L., a pioneer preacher in 
North Louisiana, by whose zealous labors many 
churches in Union, Claiborne, and Jackson Parishes 
were founded, was born in 1814, and died in the 
pulpit, Nov. 16, 1866. 

Mays, E.. G., M.D., was born in Edgefield Co., 
S. C, Oct. 5, 1800. " After finishing his regular 
course of study," writes his sister, Mrs. Judge Bre- 
vard, " he decided on medicine as his calling, and 
graduated at the medical college in Baltimore in 
1822." Not caring for his profession, he devoted 
himself to farming and became a very successful 
planter. 

In the extensive revival of 1831, Dr. and Mrs. 
Mays were converted, and baptized into Edgefield 
church by the Rev. Mr. Hodges. From his con- 
version to his death he was an earnest, zealous 
Christian. He was a natural orator, readily using 
beautiful expressions with a voice full of melody, 
and he was almost irresistible in exhortation. His 
prayers were from a heart imbued with the Spirit 
of God, and could scarcely be heard without emo- 
tion. His manners were genial and kind, and his 
hospitality overflowing and refined. 

He was ready to aid every good work, and being 
blessed with a competency, and coming to Florida 
when the denomination was young and weak, he 
did much to build it up. He was specially inter- 
ested in the spiritual welfare of his slaves, and em- 
ployed ministers to preach to them. 

He was called to pass through deep waters. 
Seven of nine children were taken from him, and 
in April, 1878, the wife of his youth died at their 
home at Orange Mills. Since that time Dr. Mays 
himself has gone to his eternal home. 

McAlister, Rev. I. N., an active minister of 
Sabine Association, La., was born in Mississippi 
in 1813 ; came to Louisiana in 1853 ; was em- 
ployed as a missionary of the State Convention, and 
did good service. He died Jan. 27, 1874. 

McAlpine, Rev. Wm. H., is about thirty-six 
years old ; reared as a slave in a cultivated family ; 
received instruction and good breeding ; entered 
school at Talladega soon after he became free. 
Took a liberal course in the Congregational Col- 
lege at that place ; at the same time received in- 
struction in theology from Dr. J. J. D. Renfroe, by 
whom he was baptized, ordained, and installed pas- 
tor of the colored church in the city. He has been 
State evangelist for his race ; now pastor of the 



large colored church at Marion. No man has done 
more for the elevation of the colored people in Ala- 
bama. He is an excellent preacher, and a rising 
man. 

Mc Arthur, Joseph Benjamin, was bom Nov. 
25, 1849, in the township of Lobo, County of Mid- 
dlesex, Ontario, Canada. He attended the public 
school until fifteen years' of age, and, after an in- 
terval of two years spent upon a farm, went to the 
Middlesex Seminary. In 1868 he matriculated into 
the Law Society of Upper Canada, and was entered 
as a student at Osgoode Hall, in the city of Toronto. 
He was called to the bar of Ontario in November, 
1873, and was invited to join the eminent legal 
firm to whom he had been articled. The retire- 
ment of a member of the firm on Jan. 1, 1881, led 
to the formation of the present firm of Mulock, 
Tilt, Mc Arthur & Crowther. Mr. McArthur was 
baptized in 1873, and united with the Alexander 
Street church, Toronto, of which he has been for 
several years a deacon. He is superintendent of 
the Sunday-school, one of the trustees of the To- 
ronto Baptist College, and a vice-president of the 
Home Mission Board. For personal consecration 
and liberal giving he is conspicuous among the 
laymen of Canada. 

McCall, Rev. G. R., of Hawkins ville, Ga., is 
one of the ablest, most prominent, and influential 
of the younger generation of Georgia Baptist min- 
isters, — a man whose modesty equals his merit, 
and whose ability as a preacher is second to few 
of his age. He was born Feb. 7, 1829, in Screven 
Co., Ga., and was educated at Mercer University, 
graduating with the third honor, in a talented 
class, in the year 1853. He then spent one year 
in the same university studying theology. He 
joined the church at fifteen, was licensed at eigh- 
teen, and ordained Sept. 24, 1854, when nearly 
twenty-five. In January of 1855 he was called to 
preach once a month to the Richland church, 
Twiggs County, and has continued its pastor ever 
since. After the war he settled in Hawkinsville, 
and took charge of the Baptist chui-ch there in Oc- 
tober, 1866, to which church he is still preaching. 
He has been a diligent and successful pastor. For 
years Mr. McCall has acted as the moderator of the 
Ebenezer Association, and his influence in all the 
region where he lives is very great, especially in 
the Baptist churches. For ten years in succession 
he has been the clerk of the Georgia Baptist Con- 
vention, and for two years was clerk of the South- 
ern Baptist Convention. He has been a member 
of the board of trustees for Mercer University, act- 
ing as secretary of the board. He is a strong friend 
of missions, Sunday-schools, and of education. He 
is an excellent preacher and a wise counselor. He 
ranks very high in the estimation of his brethren. 

McCallum, Rev. H. B., was born in Knox Co., 



MCCLOUD 



765 



MCCONNICO 



Tenn., Jan. 9, 1837, and spent his childhood at 
Gravesville, in the northeastern part of that county. 
In his thirteenth year his father removed to Knox- 
ville. Here Hugh spent his time from 1849 to 
1853. 

In 1852 he entered East Tennessee University, 
and remained several terms. During the fall of 
1852 lie vfas converted, and was baptized by Dr. 
Matthew Ilillsman in December of that year. He 
was soon impressed with the duty of preaching the 
gospel, and resolved to devote his life to that work. 
In 1854 he entered Union University, Murfrees- 
borough, Tenn., intending to take a full course, 
but his health declined so rapidly that he remained 
but ten months. 

By advice of his physicians he visited Florida in 
December, 1856, and remained till spring. By 
doing this for two or three years he was restored 
to comparatively good health. 

In 1859 he settled in Camden, S. C, and con- 
tinued meanwhile to study theology. The follow- 
ing year he enlisted as a private, and was mustered 
into service in the Confederate army. In 1861 he 
was called to the chaplaincy of his regiment, and 
was ordained at the call of his church, and served 
as chaplain during the war. 

At the close of the war he settled in Sumter 
District, S. C, and preached to country churches. 
In 1867 he removed to Floridn, and in 1869 he lo- 
cated at Lake City, and was soon chosen to the 
pastorate of the church there. The little organiza- 
tion, with no house, was soon built up to an effective 
church, and one of the best houses of worship in the 
State erected. In 1873 he was induced to com- 
mence the Florida Baptist, and published it two 
years, and then transferred it to the Christian 
Index, of Georgia. 

Mr. McCallum is a man of ability and energy. 
He is a ready, forcible writer and speaker, and by 
his pen and his preaching has done much to 
strengthen the Baptist denomination in the State. 

McCloud, Rev. Constant S., a native of Ver- 
mont, Avas born in 1818; graduated at Georgetown 
College in 1846 ; removed to Mississippi, and be- 
came successively pastor at Starkville, Vicksburg, 
and Raymond. After the war he became pastor at 
Jefferson, Texas, where by his indefatigable labors 
he increased the membership from a mere handful 
to about two hundred, and erected one of the hand- 
somest church edifices in the State, and a comfort- 
able parsonage. In 1872 he became missionary of 
the Grand Cane Baptist Association, La. He fell 
a victim to yellow fever at Shreveport, Oct. 17, 
1873. 

McCoid, Hon. M. M., member of Congress 
from Iowa, was born in Logan Co., 0., Nov. 5, 
1840. His father, Robert McCoid, was of Irish, 
and his mother, Jane Bain, of Scotch, descent. Her 



father came from Ayrshire, Scotland, and was a 
Revolutionary soldier in the Virginia troops. Mc- 
Coid removed with his parents to Iowa when he 
was eleven years old. He received a common- 
school education, and then attended Fairfield Uni- 
versity, and Washington College. Washington, Pa., 
until the Junior year, leaving because of ill health. 
He soon after entered upon the study of law. He 
was admitted to the bar in 1861, but immediately 
enlisted as a private in Co. E, 2d Regiment Iowa 
Vols., in which he served for the full time of en- 
listment, being discharged May 28, 1864. He was 
promoted to be second lieutenant, and was for a 
considerable time acting adjutant of the regiment. 
He was in seven battles, including Fort Donelson, 
Shiloh, Corinth, and Stone River. In 1864 he re- 
turned to civil life, and began the practice of law. 
In 1866 he was elected district attorney of the 
sixth Iowa judicial district, and served for four 
years. In 1870 he was elected State senator, and 
re-elected in 1875 ; in 1878 he was elected from 
the first district as a member of the Forty-sixth 
Congress, and he was re-elected to the present 
Congress. He was brought up a Presbyterian, and 
learned the Shorter Catechism before he was able 
to read, but on his conversion, in 1865, he embraced 
the Baptist faith, and has been a member of the 
Fairfield Baptist church ever since. He is a man 
of great ability, integrity, and piety. 

McConnico, Rev. Garner, was a native of 
Lunenburg Co., Va., where his family occupied a 
high social position. He became hopefully pious, 
under the instructions of an excellent mother, at a 
very early age, and united with the church ; and 
such were the spirit and the ability which he mani- 
fested in the part he occasionally took in the social 
religious exercises that the church in due time 
licensed him to preach, and ordained him as a min- 
ister of the gospel before he had reached his twenty- 
eighth year. As the beautiful valley of the Cum- 
berland presented extraordinary attractions as a 
place for settlement, Mr. McConnico sold his prop- 
erty in Lunenburg County near the close of the 
last century, and selected as his future home a spot 
in Williamson County than which it would be 
difiicult to find another more beautiful. Here he 
secured a large tract of land, and spent thirty-five 
years rearing a large and estimable family, some 
of whom have since reached positions of usefulness 
and honor. His mansion was ever the scene of a 
profuse hospitality. In it was found the best society 
then in the West; and especially was it the home 
of ministers of the gospel. Mr. McConnico imme- 
diately commenced among the settlers his appro- 
priate work. He was a diligent student of the 
Bible, and of standai-d theological writings, with 
which his library was furnished. He clung with 
unyielding tenacity to the great doctrines of the 



MCCOY 



MCCOY 



Cross, and had an intelligent and definite view of 
the whole evangelical system. He pi-epared his 
discourses with much care, and they were charac- 
terized by remarkable perspicuity and directness, 
and they were delivered with graceful elocution 
and impressive fervor. For years he preached often 
in all parts of the middle district, and sometimes 
beyond it. Many professed religion, and a large 
number of churches were raised up mainly through 
his instrumentality. Of the Harpeth church, 
which was in his immediate neighborhood, and 
which was large, intelligent, and wealthy, he be- 
came the regular pastor, and continued in the office 
until the end of his life. Of seven other churches 
around him he was the stated supply, according to 
the practice of the times. His popularity was al- 
most unbounded. He died suddenly, full of faith 
and hope, in the year 1833. 

His piety was deep, and his presence neutralized 
every tendency to levity. Listening to him be- 
neath the shade of the gigantic forest-trees, where 
he so often preached, you would have felt coming 
over you a strange reverence for his mighty mind. 
His memory and influence can never die. 

McCoy, E.ev. Isaac, the great apostle to the 
American Indians, was born in Fayette Co., Pa., 
June 13, 1784. He came with his father to Ken- 
tucky in 1790. In 1801 he was converted and 
joined the Buck Creek Baptist church. In 1803 
he was married to Christiana Polk, daughter of 
Capt. Polk, whose wife and several children were 
captured by the Ottowas. Mr. McCoy and his wife 
were afterwards missionaries to that tribe. 

In 1804 he came to Vincennes, Ind., and in 1805 
removed to Clarke County, same State. He had a 
marked influence upon the churches and Associa- 
tions of that part of the State. No one of the great 
benevolent enterprises of the denomination was 
allowed to pass unnoticed. Living in a part of the 
country where Antinomianism was industriously 
taught, he exerted himself to counteract its baneful 
influence. He was licensed to preach by the mother 
of all Indiana Baptist churches, — Silver Creek. In 
1810 he was ordained by the Maria Creek church. 
In 1817 he received an appointment as missionary 
to the Indians of Indiana and Illinois. After his 
departure for his work the influence of Daniel 
Parker grew rapidly in the southwestern part of 
Indiana, and the missionary spirit waned. Mr. 
McCoy was appointed for one year, but had no 
thought that he should cease to labor for the red 
man at the expiration of that time ; his plans em- 
braced many years. After spending some time 
in Western Indiana, it occurred to him that he 
should move to Fort Wayne and establish a mission. 
He labored there till 1822, when he established a 
mission about one mile west of where Niles (Mich- 
igan) now is. He named it Carey, after the English 



missionary. Mr. McCoy and his wife entered upon 
this missionary work with all the zeal and strength 
of faith that characterized the life and labors of 
Mr. and Mrs. Judson. And their faith did not fail. 
Deprivations, sicknesses, and soi-rows such as but 
few mortals know were not strangers to them. Mr. 
McCoy rode Iiundreds of miles through the wilder- 
ness, and swam the swollen streams, lying on the 
wet ground at night, for the sake of carrying for- 
ward his missions. He went on horseback to Wash- 
ington several times to interest Congress in meas- 
ures beneficial to the Indian. Many months would 
be occupied in these journeys. One of the se- 
verest trials that Mr. McCoy was' called to bear 
was that during his absence from home sickness 
and sometimes death would visit his family. Five 
of his children were called by death at difi"erent 
times while he was absent from home. Persons of 
narrow selfish views would readily call him cruel 
and indifferent, but men who could rise to his plane 
of devotion to the work that he believed God had 
given him can see that his loyalty to the Master 
was superior even to parental aS'ection. No man 
loved his wife and children more than he. 

Many conversions occurred at the Carey mission. 
The hymns composed by him on the occasion of the 
first baptism at Fort Wayne and at Carey are ex- 
pressive at once of his great joy and his great hope 
of what would yet be done for the Indian. 

He records that the greatest obstacle by far that 
he was obliged to meet in his labors for the conver- 
sion of the Indians was the introduction of whisky 
among them by white men. So great were his 
annoyances at one time that he decided to send 
several of his Indian pupils East to be educated, so 
that they might become teachers for their own peo- 
ple. They found a ready welcome at Hamilton, 
N. Y. 

His labors at Washington were to secure a terri- 
tory for the Indians into which, the white man 
might not intrude his wicked commerce. This he 
regarded as the only sure hope for the Christiani- 
zation or civilization of the red men. He lived to 
see some of the tribes settled on their own territory, 
industrious and happy. In his labors for the pas- 
sage of such acts as he recommended to Congress 
he speaks of the sympathy and co-operation aiforded 
him by Spencer H. Cone, William Colgate, and 
others of his brethren. 

Oct. 9, 1825, Mr. McCoy preached the first ser- 
mon in English ever delivered in Chicago or near 
its site. In 1826 he gave up the personal superin- 
tendence of the Carey mission for the purpose of 
selecting lands for the Indians farther West. He 
made surveys west of the Mississippi Kiver, and 
several times went to Washington to communicate 
facts to Congress and to lay his plans before that 
body. In 1840 he published his " History of In- 



MCCOY 



767 



MCCUNE 



dian Affairs," a volume of 600 octavo pages, and 
full of interest. In 1842 the American Indian 
Mission Association was formed, and he vras made 
secretary, with headquarters at Louisville, Ky. 

In June, 1846, as he was returning from Jeffer- 
sonville, where he had preached, he was caught in 
a rain-storm, from the effects of which he died in a 
few days at his home in Louisville. 

" His life and labors were truly the connecting 
link between barbarism and civilization in this 
region of the country and over a large portion of 
the West. His perseverance and devotion were 
morally and heroically sublime. For nearly thirty 
years he was the apostle to the Indians of the 
West." His last words were, " Tell the brethren, 
never to let the Indian mission decline." 

McCoy, Milton, M.D., was bom in Kanawha 
Co., West Va., in January, 1824. He professed con- 
version, and joined the Hansford Baptist church in 
1847, being baptized into the fellowship of that 
church by Rev. M. M. Rock. He commenced the 
practice of medicine in 1849 ; I'emoved to Moniteau 
Co., Mo., in 1853, and to Boonville in 1863. He 
was a constituent member of the First Baptist 
church in Tipton, Mo., which was formed in 1858, 
and of which he was made a deacon. Upon his 
removal to Boonville he was made a deacon there, 
and has held the office ever since. For years he 
has been one of the main pillars in the church. 

McCraw, E.ev. A. G., a native of Newberry Dis- 
trict, S. C, was born June 4, 1803. He is of Scotch 
descent. In 1818, with his father, he removed to 
Alabama, and located in Perry County. An in- 
dustrious student, he pursued an extensive range 
of historic reading; was baptized at Ocmulgee 
church in May, 1828, and began at once to preach 
the gospel; was ordained in 1831, Rev. George 
Everett receiving ordination at the same time ; 
these two labored much together, mainly as evan- 
gelists. They planted a number of churches, had 
many revivals, and baptized large numbers of con- 
verts ; in one of their revivals 200 were baptized 
in Shelby County in 1832. In 1835 he became 
pastor of the large and influential church at Oc- 
mulgee, — a position which he held for many years. 
In 1851 he became pastor in the growing city of 
Selma, where he led a career of success until his 
death, which occurred Jan. 14, 1861. Always in 
easy circumstances, Mr. McCraw labored constantly 
in the ministry, and with but small remuneration. 
He was prominently connected with the leading 
interests of Alabama Baptists, earnestly pleading 
every cause fostered by our State Convention. He 
was several years president of that body. He 
reared a highly accomplished family. 

McCraw, Rev. N. F., an active and efficient 
minister of the Bayou Macon Association, La., was 
born in Tennessee in 1828 ; did much to strengthen 



the Baptist churches between the Mississippi and 
Ouachita Rivers. Died in 1874. 

McCulloch, Rev. Jno. V., a pioneer preacher in 
Arkansas, was born in Tennessee in 1820. He set- 
tled in Dallas County, Ark., in 1839, and shortly 
afterwards began to preach, though not ordained 
until 1851. Abounding in labors in the gospel, he 
preached in all the surrounding country ; was in- 
strumental in forming most of the early churches 
in the region between the Ouachita and Saline 
Rivers. He even extended his labors into the re- 
gion between the Bayou Bartholomew and the Mis- 
sissippi River, where he died from malarial fever 
in 1874. This useful minister is affectionately re- 
membered by the people. 

McCully, Judge Jonathan, son of Rev. Samuel 
McCully, was born in Nappan, Nova Scotia, July 
25, 1809. He was converted and baptized in 1849. 
He removed to Halifax soon after, and became 
deacon of the North Baptist church in that city, 
which office he held until his death, Jan. 2, 1877. 
He was a member of the Nova Scotia Legislative 
Council and of the Senate of Canada, and judge of 
the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. lie was an 
able lawyer, statesman, and judge. He left be- 
quests to Acadia College and foreign missions. 

McCully, Rev. Samuel, was born in Nova 
Scotia. He was converted under the ministry of 
Rev. Joseph Crandall, and embracing Baptist prin- 
ciples, was immersed by him in 1813. He was 
ordained at Sackville, New Brunswick, in 1820. 
From 1827 he was associated in labor with Rev. 
Charles Tupper at Amherst, Nova Scotia, but 
preached frequently in Cumberland and Westmore- 
land Counties. Faithful and earnest, firm yet 
pacific, his labors were highly prized. 

McCune, Hon. Henry E., deacon of the Baptist 
church at Dixon, Cal., a man of great social, politi- 
cal, and religious influence, an intelligent Christian 
and generous Baptist. Through his liberality the 
large college property at Vaoaville, worth $20,000, 
was secured for California (Baptist) College. He 
is president of its board, and a large contributor to 
its funds. The Dixon house of worship, an elegant 
edifice, was erected by his aid as a chief contribu- 
tor. He was born June 10, 1825, in Pike Co., Mo. ; 
baptizedir.March, 1840, and joined the Penochurch; 
removed to California, and settled near Yacaville, So- 
lano Co., in 1854 ; went into the organization of the 
Vacaville Baptist church in 1856 ; was ordained as 
deacon in 1863. In 1873 he was elected to the State 
senate of California, and served two terms. By oc- 
cupation he is a farmer, and holds several tliousand 
acres of fine land. Deacon McCune has been greatly 
prospered ; but he- holds his wealth as a trust for 
the Lord, and, though he gives wisely and largely 
for church and denominational enterprises, and is 
loved and honored by all who know him, he is one 



MGDANIEL 



768 



MCDONALD 



of the most modest and unassuming of men. 
home and heart and purse are all for Christ. 




HON. HENRY 



His preach the same year. He was chiefly instru- 
mental in the organization of the Fayetteville Bap- 
tist church, of jvhich he was pastor for thirty-two 
years. For six years he was pastor of the First 
Baptist church of Wilmington, N. C, during a 
part of which time he was also editor of a religious 
journal. 

Dr. McDaniel was one of the founders of the 
Baptist State Convention, being present at its or- 
ganization in Greenville, Pitt Co., in 1830, and he 
had the honor of presiding over its deliberations 
for nineteen years. He was a trustee of Wake 
Forest College for many years, and his zeal in the 
cause of missions was ardent and unremitting. 
He was clerk of Cape Fear Association for fourteen 
years. Dr. McDaniel possessed in a rare degree 
the gifts and graces of the orator, and many are the 
traditions of the pathos and power of his preaching 
in his younger days. At a good old age, and with 
his natural force unabated, this eminent divine 
was gathered to his fathers in 1870. Wake Forest 
College conferred the degree of Doctor of Divinity 
upon him in 1868. 

McDonald, Rev. Alexander, was born in 

1814, in Scotland. He was converted at Margaree, 
Cape Breton, and baptized by Rev. Wm. Burton. 
He studied at Acadia College from 1838 to 1841. 
He was ordained pastor in Prince Edward Island. 
McDaniel, James, D.D., was one of the men He was pastor of Carleton Baptist church, St. 
whom the Baptists of North Carolina delighted John, New Brunswick, from 1846 to 1849. He died 

Jan. 27, 1851. He was an earnest, faithful, and 
useful minister. 

McDonald, Gov. Charles J., was born in Char- 
leston, S. C, in July, 1793. His parents removed 
to Georgia during his infancy. In his youth he 
was sent to a classical school in Hancock Co., Ga., 
and was graduated at the University of South Caro- 
lina during the presidency of Jonathan Maxey, who 
at twenty-four years of age was president of Brown 
University. Returning to Georgia, young McDon- 
ald studied law, and even in his early manhood took 
rank with the best lawyers in the State. In a short 
time he was elected by the Legislature to a judgeship 
of the Superior Court. Though his duties were con- 
fined to a district, he acquitted himself in this office 
so handsomely that he became known throughout 
the State as one of its ablest jurists. Having pre- 
viously been a member of the Legislature, he had 
acquired some standing among politicians, and in 
1839 was elected governor of the State by a hand- 
some majority. In 1841 he was re-elected to the 
same office, although the State, at an election held 
for President of the United States only a short time 
previously, had given a large majority to his politi- 
cal opponents. The fact shows that he was a far 
more popular man with the people than the party 
with which he was identified. Retiring from the 
gubernatorial chair, and being still in the vigor of 




to honor. He was born near Fayetteville, N. C, 
in 1803 ; was baptized in 1827, and began to 



MCDONALD 



MCDONALD 



his days, he resumed the practice of law. But in 
a short time the people called him to be a judge of 
the Supreme Court of the State, and he continued 
in the office until disabled by the illness which 




GOV. CHARLES J. M DONALD. 

terminated in his death. He died at his beautiful 
home in Marietta, Ga., in December, 1860. 

Perhaps no man was more popular in his day 
than Gov. McDonald. Besides commanding all the 
votes of his party wlieu a candidate for office before 
the people, he was sustained, from personal con- 
siderations, by many who dissented from his politi- 
cal views. This was not because he descended to 
the low expedients of the partisan in seeking sup- 
porters. He utterly despised all unworthy means. 
It was his fine character which commanded uni- 
versal respect. His integrity was above reproach, 
whilst as a politician he always aimed at the gen- 
eral good. On one occasion during a heated can- 
vass, a friend suggested a method by which he 
might gain a great advantage over his opponent. 
" It is not honorable," said the governor. " What 
of that? It will never be known." " I shall know 
it myself; and a man cannot affiDrd to know any- 
thing mean of himself."' 

The confidence which the people reposed in his 
judgment was another source of the support he en- 
joyed at their hands. His mind was remarkably 
well-balanced. He was singularly sagacious and 
discriminating; and had he been connected as inti- 
mately with the national as with State politics, 
would have left the impress of his wisdom on the 
legislation of the country. Throughout life he was 



a man of the strictest probity and morality. It is 
believed by those who knew him best that he had 
experienced converting grace, and, though not bap- 
tized, he was a decided Baptist, and like Nicholas 
Brown, was closely identified with the Baptists. 

McDonald, Rev. D. G., was born Feb. 15, 1843, 
at Uigg, Prince Edward Island, where his conver- 
sion and baptism took place in 1863. He studied 
at Acadia College, and was ordained at Newport, 
Nova Scotia, Jan. 16, 1873. He labored as a mis- 
sionary for some time on Prince Edward Island. 
Subsequently he became pastor of the Baptist 
church at Charlottetown, the capital of that prov- 
ince, where his ministry proved highly beneficial. 

McDonald, Henry, D.D., was bom in the 
county of Antrim, in the north of Ireland, Jan. 3, 
1832. He was nurtured in the Roman Catholic 
Church, to which his parents and ancestors all be- 
longed. He was educated in the national schools 
of Ireland, and afterwards passed through the regu- 
lar course of the Normal School, Dublin. In 1848 
he left his native country in consequence of the 
failure of the patriots to throw from them the yoke 
of British oppression, and reached New Orleans, 
which city he left, after a few weeks, to visit Ken- 
tucky. He taught school for some time in Greens- 
burg Co., Ky., and afterwards studied law and was 
admitted to the bar. During his residence in 
Greensburg County he made a thorough examina- 
tion of the doctrines of Roman Catholicism, the re- 
sult of which, after a severe mental struggle, was 
the rejection of the whole system as unscriptural. 
Abandoning his faith in the church's dogmas, he 
was led to a complete trust in Christ alone for sal- 
vation. In consequence of this radical change in 
his religious views and feelings, he publicly pro- 
fessed his faith in Christ, and united with the Bap- 
tist church in Greensburg, having been baptized 
by the pastor, the Rev. George Peck. He soon felt 
it to be his duty to devote himself to the ministry, 
and was accordingly licensed by the chui-ch and 
subsequently ordained, in May, 1854. He was 
invited to the pastorate of the church in Greens- 
burg, and served it with great success for nearly 
ten years. During this period he was also pastor, 
at different times, of the Friendship and Gamp- 
bellsville churches, in Taylor County, and the 
Mount Gilead church, in Greene County. For one 
year he was pastor of the Tate's Creek and Waco 
churches in Madison County, and for six years of 
the Danville church. He was afterwards pastor 
of the church in Georgetown, Ky., and at the same 
time elected to a professorship of Theology in the 
Western Baptist Theological Institute, from which 
position he subsequently retired to fill the chair of 
Moral Philosophy in the Georgetown College, Ky. 
The honorary degree of A.M. was conferred upon 
him by the Georgetown College, and the degree of 



MCDOUGAL 



770 



MCINTOSH 



D.D. by both the Georgetown and Bethel Colleges, 
Ky. Several years ago, Dr. McDonald was invited 
to the pastorate of the Second Baptist church, 
Richmond, Va., which he accepted, and where he 
still labors with eminent success. In 1856 he mar- 
ried, in Greensburg, Miss Mattie Hai-ding, daughter 
of the Hon. Aaron Harding, for several successive 
terms a representative in Congress from Kentucky. 
Dr. McDonald is greatly gifted as a preacher, im- 
passioned, eloquent, and a master of men's emotional 
nature. Those who know him intimately honor 
him greatly. 

McDougal, Eev. Alexander, was born in Dub- 
lin, Ireland, about 1738. In his twenty-first year 
he came to America and settled in Wilmington, 
N. C, from which he soon afterwards removed to 
Union District, S. C. He and his wife were Pres- 
byterians, but about 1770 he became convinced 
that he was without Christ. He was deeply con- 
victed of sin. When he found peace in Jesus he 
united with a Baptist church, and soon began to 
exhort. He was ordained to the ministry about 
1775. This was at the commencement of the Rev- 
olution. Warmly espousing the cause of the col- 
onies, "he divided his time, during the war, be- 
tween cultivating his farm, preaching the gospel, 
and fighting the Tories." He continued preaching 
in his adopted State until about the year 1800, 
when he removed to Kentucky, and settled in 
Hardin County. Here, in 1803, he became pastor 
of Nolin church, and he was also pastor of Severns 
. Valley church. He continued to serve these com- 
munities until his ninety-fifth year, when he re- 
signed. He died March 3, 1841, aged one hundred 
and three years. 

McDowell, Archibald, D.D., was born in Ker- 
shaw Co., S. C, in 1818 ; became a Christian early ; 
graduated at Wake Forest College in 1849 ; was for 
a time tutor in that institution, then took charge 
of the new enterprise since known as the Chowan 
Female Institute, at Murfreesborough, and after- 
M'ards removed to Milton, where he preached and 
taught. In 1853-54 he taught in Raleigh, but re- 
turned in 1855 to the Chowan Institute, where he 
has been ever since, having become president in 
1862. He received his degree of D.D. from Wake 
Forest College, of which he has long been a trustee, 

HcFarland, Rev. Arthur, a pioneer preacher 
in North Louisiana, was born in Tennessee in 
1793; removed to Louisiana in 1821, and with his 
father-in-law. Elder James Brinson, united with the 
Pine Hills Baptist church, the first gathered be- 
tween the Ouachita and Red Rivers. Shortly after 
he began to preach, and continued to labor in the 
region whei'e he resided until disabled by age. He 
died at Athens, La., Aug. 21, 1878. He is men- 
tioned by Benedict as one of his correspondents in 
Louisiana. 



McGee, Rev. W. H,, pastor at Minden, La., 

and secretary of Louisiana Baptist Convention, 
was born in Mississippi in 1846 ; graduated at 
Mississippi College in 1876 ;. in 1877 called to his 
present field, where his labors have been greatly 
blessed. 

McGuire, Rev. John A., a veteran Baptist ihin- 
ister, residing at Monroe, La., was. born in Ken- 
tucky in 1799; began to preach at the age of sev- 
enteen. He labored successfully in his native State 
until 1850, when he settled permanently at Monroe, 
La., where he gathered a few Baptists into a church 
and became their pastor. The circumstances were 
most unfavorable, but he labored with such success 
that a comfortable house was built, and another 
church gathered at Trenton, on the opposite side 
of the river. He has lived to vyitness a commo- 
dious brick edifice take the place of the first humble 
house of worship, and two strong churches grown 
up from the seed he sowed. 

Mcintosh, W. H., D.D., a descendant of Gen. 
Mcintosh of American Revolutionary fame, was 




W. H. MCINTOSH, D.D. 

born in Mcintosh Co., Ga., April 4, 1811. After 
thorough preparation for college, he finished his 
education in Furman Institution, S. C, under the 
Rev. Samuel Furman and Dr. Jesse Hartwell. 
Preached for some years as voluntary missionary, 
under a license from the Sunberry Baptist church, 
and was ordained by the South Newport church in 
1836. Became pastor at Darien in 1838, where he 
remained for eleven years. In 1849 he was called 
to the pastorate in Eufaula, Ala., and remaining 



MOIVFAi 



771 



MCKINLA Y 



there six years, in 1855 he accepted the call of the 
Siloam church in Marion; and, after a pastorate 
there of seventeen years, he was, in 1872, called to 
Macon, Ga., from which he returned to Marion, 
Ala., in the fall of 1875, to assume the correspond- 
ing secretaryship of the Iloino Mission Board of 
the Southern Baptist Convention, of which he was 
president during his long pastorate in that place. 
The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on 
liim by two institutions in 1868, — Columbian Col- 
lege, Washington, D. C, and Baylor University, 
Texas. Dr. Mcintosh is a man of dignified pres- 
ence, engaging manners, and high character. Thei-e 
is no minister in our acquaintance more widely 
honored and beloved. His letters and discourses 
are traced by a remarkably graceful and vigorous 
pen ; and rare tact, energy, and executive power 
are displayed in the dischai-ge of the duties of his 
responsible office. 

Mclver, Hon. Alex. M., a native of Darlington 
District, S. C, was born on the 21st of February, 
1799. He graduated at the South Cai-olina College 
in 1817. He was admitted to practice in the law 
court in 1820, and in that of equity in 1828. He 
was a member of the Legislature from 1830 to 1 833, 
and in 1841 was elected solicitor of the northern 
circuit. He was twice re-elected, and died in his 
third term, on the 10th of July, 1850. His de- 
scendants are among the most honorable in the 
State. As a Christian and a Baptist he adorned 
his profession, " walking in all the statutes and or- 
dinances of the Lord blameless." 

Mclver, Rev. D. R. W., was born in Charles- 
ton, S. C, in 1794; was educated at the University 
of South Carolina. Being a man of large property 
his early labors were devoted to the poor, preaching 
on the plantations to the slaves. He filled a suc- 
cessful pastorate at Prattville and Wetumpka, Ala. 
In 1856 he removed to De Soto Parish, La. Here 
he labored with great success until 1862. He died 
Feb. 10, 1863. 

McKay, Rev. Ilriall, was born in the State of 
Indiana in 1821. At the age of eighteen he was 
baptized. He went to Franklin College to obtain 
a better education, to prepare for usefulness in the 
world without having the ministry in view ; spent 
some time preaching and teaching in Indiana. He 
went to Illinois in 1854, and was ordained the next 
year. He spent fourteen years in Effingham Co., 
111., preaching most of the time for but little com- 
pensation. He came to Iowa in 1868, and is now 
living on a farm at Elm Grove, near Des Moines. 
He has been employed chiefly since coming to Iowa 
in preaching to feeble churches in destitute fields, 
doing good service for the cause of Christ by his 
earnest labors, his consistent and cheerful Chris- 
tian life, and hearty co-operation in all denomina- 
tional works. He represents a class of men in the 



ministry found in Iowa who, while supporting 
themselves by the labors of their own hands, have 
contributed largely to the growth and prosperity 
of the denomination. 
McKenzie, Rev. David Banks, was born in 

Liverpool, England. June 26, 1836, and came to 
America, arriving at Boston April 15, 1848. In 
1853 he became the subject of religious impressions, 
and was immersed by Rev. Mr. Pierce, at Glouces- 
ter, Mass. He had a natural love for the ocean, 
followed the sea in early youth, and during the 
civil war in the United States entered the navy, and 
was three times promoted for meritorious service. 
For many years, though he had professed Christi- 
anity, he lived in sin, gave himself to the world, 
was very intemperate, and apparently a moral 
wreck, until, in December, 1871, he was rescued by 
sovereign grace, and gave himself fully to the Sa- 
viour. He began his real religious life as a temper- 
ance preacher, and had immense success in New 
England, where thousands were reclaimed. He 
enlisted benevolent persons in the work, and built 
reformatories in many places. In 1877 he extended 
his mission to California, and in April, 1880, after 
two years' absence, returned to that State to labor 
permanently in the gospel, as temperance reformer 
and pastor. He possesses unusual gifts for per- 
suading men to forsake their evil ways, and in all 
places stirs the people to active and earnest work to 
save the fallen and rescue the perishing from tem- 
poral and eternal ruin. 

McKenzie, William S., D.D., was born in Liv- 
erpool, -Nova Scotia, Feb. 29, 1832. He was a grad- 
uate of Harvard University in the class of 1855. 
He was ordained in April, 1857, and was pastor of 
the church in Abington, Mass., one year, and of 
the church in Andover, Mass., for two years. For 
six years he was pastor of the Friendship Street 
church in Providence, R. I., and was pastor in St. 
John, New Brunswick, also six years. In 1872 
he received an appointment as district secretary of 
the American Baptist Missionary Union, which 
position he now holds. 

McKiolay, Rev. John, was born in Alexandria, 
Dumbartonshire, Scotland, March 6, 1831. He 
came to this country in 1855, and was employed as 
a designer in the Pacific Mills, Lawrence, Mass. 
AVhile thus occupied he became a subject of con- 
verting grace, and feeling it to be iiis duty to preach 
the gospel, he pursued his studies at Fairfax, Vt., 
and at Andover, Mass. He was ordained pastor of 
the church in Lebanon, N. H., in November, 1862. 
where he labored with great acceptance until his 
death, which occurred Sept. 20, 1868. 

" He was a close and diligent student of the 
Scriptures, always bringing well-beaten oil to the 
sanctuary. Every sermon bore the stamp of his 
own genius. He could not be a servile copyist. 



MOLAFFERTY 



1T1 



MCLEOD 



He was always John McKinlay, and Scotch at that. 
He had the Scotch acumen to detect the truth, the 
Scotch tenacity to hold it, the Scotch wit to garnish 
it in impressive style, and he had withal the Scotch 
energy and accent of speech to apply it." 

McLaiFerty, B,ev. B. S., educated for the law, 
■dedicated himself to the ministry, and was pas- 
tor in Illinois. Under appointment of the Home 
Mission Society he went to the Pacific coast in 
1864-65 ; was pastor at Virginia City, and preached 
jit Carson, the capital of Nevada, until ill health 
forced him to settle in the better climate of Peta- 
luma, Cal. He had great success here as pastor ; 
sought to establish a Baptist institution at Peta- 
luma ; traveled for a time, and did much to enlist 
the churches in education and in missionary work. 
He is a busy worker and a vigorous preacher. 
Continued ill health led him after brief pastor- 
ates to take an ocean voyage to China, where he 
visited missionaries and mission stations. After 
his return he was pastoral supply of the First Bap- 
tist church, San Francisco, for a time pastor at San 
Diego, and afterwards at Oakland for several years, 
until near the close of 1878. The Oakland church 
had large accessions during his ministry. In 1879 
he visited the Atlantic States, and on his return 
made the tour of Oregon, preaching to the churches 
and assisting in revival meetings. The church at 
Eugene, the southernmost city in Oregon, and seat 
of the State University, called him to its pastorate 
in June, 1879. 

McLean, Rev. Thomas George, was born May 

18, 1843, of Presbyterian parents, at Montreal, 
Canada ; spent his youth at Chicago and Wauke- 
gan, 111. He was converted at fifteen, and after six 
years' struggle with doubts as to Presbyterianism, 
finally yielded to his convictions, was immersed by 
Dr. Everts, joined the First church of Chicago in 
1864, and enlisted in the U. S. army ; decided on his 
return home to enlist in the ministry ; gi-aduated 
in 1869 at the Chicago Theological Seminary, and 
during his studies had charge of the Erie Street 
Mission, and preached at Englewood. He settled 
and was ordained pastor at Cordova, 111., in 1870. 
After three years' service at Cordova, with health 
impaired, he removed to California ; was five years 
pastor at Brooklyn ; and in 1878 became mission- 
ary and pastor in Santa Barbara County, where he 
has the oversight of the Carpentaria and Santa 
Paula churches ; preaches at four stations, labors 
in revivals, and is moderator of Santa Barbara As- 
sociation. 

McLearn, Rev. Richard, was bom in Rawdon, 
Nova Scotia ; was converted and baptized when a 
youth ; ordained March 10, 1828, as pastor of the 
Rawdon Baptist church ; subsequently served the 
church in Windsor, Nova Scotia, as pastor for twelve 
years, when bronchial disease compelled him to 



withdraw from the pulpit, but his integrity, piety, 
and prudence continued to serve the church of 
Christ until called hence, Aug. 17, 1860. 

McLeod, Sir Donald F., Companion of the 
Bath, and Knight Commander of the Star of 

India, was born in Fort William, Calcutta, May 
6, 1810 ; his family were Scotch, and to their coun- 
try he was sent for his education. At eighteen he 
returned to India, and some time after he was ap- 
pointed an assistant magistrate. 

When about twenty-one, while stationed at 
Monghir, on the right bank of the Ganges, midway 
between Calcutta and Allahabad, the Redeemer 
found and saved him, gave him a new heart and 
character, and fresh aims and motives. The in- 
strument used in this work was Rev. A. Leslie, a 
devoted Baptist missionary. Speaking of this 
change just after it occurred, Sir Donald says, " I 
have attained a confidence and tranquillity in re- 
gard to my worldly duties from which the weak- 
ness of my character formerly debarred me, and I 
have now been freed from despondency and gloom- 
iness of spirits, to which for the five previous years 
I was continually a martyr." And on another oc- 
casion, speaking of prayer, he says, " I resort to it 
in the morning, not only as the most delightful but 
as the most necessary act of the day, for without it 
I should have no peace, no power, and during the 
remainder of the day, whatever of difiiculty or an- 
noyance presents itself, my mind flies up to its 
Creator and is at rest." After obtaining mercy 
through the blood of the Lamb, he solicited bap- 
tism. Mr. Leslie warned him of the contempt 
which would meet him from the circle in which he 
moved, but he was ready to follow Christ in the 
baptismal waters regardless of all consequences, 
and he was duly immersed in the name of the 
adorable Trinity, and he continued to the close of 
his life in communion with the Baptist denomina- 
tion. 

Sir Donald immediately after his conversion be- 
gan to plan for the secular and religious enlight- 
enment of the people among whom he lived, whose 
heathenism deeply moved his heart. He gave large 
sums of money to assist educational efi'orts and 
benevolent movements, and his whole soul was en- 
listed in the work of the missionaries. Rev. Behari 
Lai Sing, for many years a missionary of the Free 
Church of Scotland among his countrymen in In- 
dia, in relating his conversion from heathenism, 
tells about his education in Dr. Duff's celebrated 
school, where he read the Bible, and in a medical 
institution, without any inclination to Christianity, 
and then says, "It was the pious example of Sir 
Donald F. McLeod, his integrity, honesty, disinter- 
estedness, and active benevolence, that made me 
think that Christianity was something living, that ■ 
there was a loving power in Christ. Here is a man 



MGM ASTER 



773 



MOMINNVILLE 



in the receipt of 2000 or 3000 rupees a month ; he 
spends little on himself and gives away the surplus 
for education and for the temporal and spiritual 
welfare of my countrymen. This was the turning- 
point in my religious history, and led to my con- 
version." 

Sir Donald was specially interested in missions 
to some of the aboriginal races of India, to be 
found in large numbers in the hilly regions. These , 
being neither Hindoos nor Mohammedans, are held 
in contempt by both, and as they have neither lit- i 
erature nor a priesthood, they are far more acces- ' 
sible to the gospel. Among them he sustained I 
missionaries at his own expense, and though death 
hindered the work, yet many of them have been 
brought to Jesus. 

In his official career his fidelity and talents grad- 
ually secured his promotion in the civil service, 
until he became lieutenant-governor of the Pun- 
jab ; and in the alarming times of the mutiny, 
when butchery and terror made the bravest British 
hearts in India tremble, McLeod, like his Baptist 
brother, Havelock, felt courageous in the Lord his 
God, and rendered services to his country which 
will never be forgotten by natives or Britons while 
the history of English rule in India is read ; for 
these he was made a Companion of the Bath and a 
Knight Commander of the Star of India. 

He died in London, Nov. 28, 1872, full of the 
peace of God. 

McMaster, Hon. Senator William, was bom 

in 1811, in the county of Tyrone, Ireland, and came 
to Canada at the age of twenty-two. After a short 
clerkship in a leading Toronto establishment, he 
became a partner in the business, and ultimately 
started for himself as a wholesale merchant. The 
career thus commenced has been eminently success- 
ful, and to-day Mr. McMaster's name is almost a 
household word iu the Dominion, as one of its 
greatest merchants and bankers. For many years 
past he has given his attention to pui-ely financial, 
far more than to commercial, transactions. He is 
officially connected with several great monetary in- 
stitutions, the most important of which is the 
Canadian Bank of Commerce. He has held the 
presidency of this corporation during a period of 
twenty years, and its splendid success is largely 
due to his sagacity and prudence. He was also, 
for many years, chairman of the Canadian board 
of directors of the Great Western Railway. 

In 1862, at the solicitation of friends, Mr. Mc- 
Master reluctantly consented to enter political life, 
and was elected a member of the upper house of the 
Canadian Legislature by an overwhelming Liberal 
majority. Immediately after the confederation of the 
British American provinces, in 1865, he was chosen 
Senator of the Dominion, and in that capacity he 
still continues to serve his country. He was ap- 



pointed a member in the same year of the council 
of public instruction, and in 1873 of the senate 
of Toronto University. 

Mr. McMaster was converted in early life, and 




HON. SENATOR WILLIAM m'MASTER. 

united with the Baptist church in Omagh, about 
forty miles from Belfast, in his native land. To 
the denomination in Canada he is a tower of much 
strength. His generous aid secured the erection 
and re-erection of the Canadian Literary Institute 
at Woodstock ; and he was chiefly instrumental 
in the formation of the Superannuated Ministers' 
Society, of which, from its inception, he has been 
the honored pi'esident. Of home and foreign mis- 
sions he is a steadfast friend ; and to many a feeble 
church, struggling with a building debt, he has 
rendered timely help. A leading Toronto paper 
remarks that " the Jarvis Street Baptist church (in 
which he worships) is one of the costliest and hand- 
somest in the city, and will as long as it stands re- 
main a memorial of his liberality, and of that of 
the equally liberal-minded lady who has, since 
1871, been his wife." But the crowning achieve- 
ment of his well-spent life is the erection, at his 
own cost, of the Toronto Baptist College, which oc- 
cupies a beautiful site in the Queen's Pai-k. 

Mr. McMaster has reached the age of threescore 
years and ten, but " his eye is not dim, nor his 
natural force abated." He has been twice married, 
his present wife being Sarah Moulton, widow of 
the late James Fraser, Esq., of Newburgh, in the 
State of New York. 

McMinnville College is centrally located for 



MCPHERSON 



774 



ME AC HAM 



the Baptists of Oregon, at McMinnville. Chartered 
in 1852, with Rev. G. C. Chandler as president, in 
spite of many changes it has continued to gain 
strength, and now is enlisting the hearty support of 
all the churches. It has already educated some of 
the most useful men and women in the State. It has 
a modest building, a college campus of five acres, 
$15,000 in endowment funds, and nearly .?20,000 
already secured for the erection of a brick building. 
It has four professors, and last year there were 100 
students. Rev. G. J. Burchett, the president, is 
one of the best educators on the Pacific coast. He 
has the confidence of the churches, and under his 
administration the college is doing good work for 
the denomination. 

McPherson, Hon. William, was born in 
Boone Co., Ky., Feb. 15, 1813. His father died 




HON. WILLIAM m'pHERSON. 

■when he was a boy, and left him to care for his 
mother and her little children. While he met this 
responsibility nobly, at the same time he obtained 
a good education. In connection with school-teach- 
ing he studied law, and mastering all difficulties, 
he was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty- 
one. He first practised law in Burlington, Ky., 
aud from it he removed to Helena, Ark., in 1836, 
and was successful. From Arkansas he removed 
to St. Louis, Mo., and remained there till his death, 
in 1872. Mr. McPherson was a man of command- 
ing presence and strong common sense. He took 
a prominent place among men by general consent. 
He was a man of vast information. He had one 
of the finest private libraries in the "West. He was 



noted for his quick penetration and well-considered 
plans. He had great magnetic power to sway men, 
of which he seemed to be unconscious. 

He was a decided Baptist. On Jan. 8, 1843, he 
was baptized by Rev. J. T. Ilinton, and united with 
the Second Baptist church of St. Louis. He was an 
unconscious leader in Zion. His gifts to his church 
were large. He inaugurated the building of the 
house of worship at the corner of Sixth and'Locust 
Streets, and gave to it over $6000. He held official 
positions in our State and national denominational 
societies. 

The great bridge across the Mississippi at St. 
Louis was built by capital which he secured in 
New York, which was necessary to its success, and 
he was president of the company. The first rail- 
road to St. Louis was established by his aid. He 
was president of the North Missouri Railroad, and 
was a prominent mover in the establishment of the 
Bellefontaine Cemetery. His labors for the growth 
of the city of St. Louis were not surpassed, if 
equaled, by any other man. His will to accom- 
plish great things, through difficulties, was im- 
perial. 

After a long illness, he came to church for the 
last time borne in a chair. Strong men wept as 
he came in. Dr. G. Anderson, his former pastor, 
preached. Dr. Burlingham, pastor at the time, 
said, " We fear this is too much for you." He an- 
swered, " I was determined to come." Just before 
he died, he replied to a question in reference to his 
future hope, " I think I stand on gi'anite." These 
words are inscribed on his tombstone. There the 
brave man reposes. " Peaceful be his rest 1" 

McWhorter, A. B., M.D., a native of Sumter- 
ville, S. C, was born Jan. 26, 1791 ; departed this 
life Sept. 19, 1859; resided in Montgomery, Ala., 
from 1830 to his death, and constantly secured in 
that city the universal regard of the people. It is 
conceded that the Baptist cause at the capital of 
our State is more indebted to him for the strong 
position which it has sustained for forty years 
than to any other person now living or dead. 
This is the testimony of Dr. Tichenor, who was 
his pastor for many years. He was conscientiously 
particular -to meet all his obligations, and a more 
hospitable home was never kept in that city of rare 
hospitality. Liberal with his money, generous to 
the poor, kindly afiectionate to all men, wise in 
counsel, and watchful of the interests of the church 
and of the pastor, it is but just to say that he was 
a Christian prince among his brethren. 

Meacham, Rev, A. W., an able and eminently 
successful minister of Little River Association, Ky., 
was born in Christian Co., Ky., Feb. 13, 1818. He 
was baptized into the i fellowship of Pleasant Hill 
Baptist church in 1838, where he was licensed to 
preach in May, 1839, and ordained in December 



ME A CHUM 



JTd 



MED BURY 



of the same year. A few months after his ordi na- 
tion he accepted a call to the church at Paducah, 
Ky. From Paducah he removed to Middle Ten- 
nessee, where he spent some years in evangelizing. 
In 1844 he took charge of the church at Shelbyvillc, 
Tenn. While laboring with it and with several 
other churches he was attacked with hemorrhage 
of the lungs, and was so prostrated that he de- 
spaired of life, and returned to his native home, 
'expecting to die. In 1854, having partially re- 
covered, he was called to the care of West Union 
church, in his native county, to which he still min- 
isters. He has aided iu the constitution of 25 
churches, and has baptized 4000 persons, 20 of 
whom are known to have entei-ed the ministry. 
While he was in Tennessee he was two years mod- 
erator of Salem Association and twice moderator 
of the General Association. Since his return to 
Kentucky he has been seventeen years moderator 
of Little River Association. 

Meachum, Rev. John Berry, Avas born May 3, 
1789; died Feb. 19, 1864. He was pastor of the 
First African Baptist church of St. Louis. A mar- 
ble monument marks his grave in the Baptist burial- 
ground in Bellefontaine cemetery, erected by the 
First and Second African churches of St. Louis. 
He took charge of the First Colored church in 
1828 ; was twenty-five years its pastor. He was 
born a slave; bought his own freedom, then his 
father's, a Baptist minister in Virginia. He lived 
in Kentucky, and married a slave-woman. He 
worked at the carpenter's trade, and purchased the 
freedom of his wife and childi-en. He came to 
Missouri in 1815. He built a steamboat in 1835, 
and furnished it with a library, and made a tem- 
perance boat of it. He was worth $25,000 when 
he died. He was ordained in 1825, gathered a 
large church and Sabbath-school, and a deep re- 
ligious and missionary spirit pervaded his church. 
He died in his pulpit, with armor on. 

Meador, Rev. Christian C, was born in Bed- 
ford Co., Va., receiving an elementary education 
in the common schools of the neighborhood. He 
was baptized into the fellowship of the New Hope 
Baptist church, then under the care of the Rev. 
James Leftwich, in 1844. At this time he was 
farming, and regarded it as his life-work. Being 
actively engaged in the prayer-meetings and Sun- 
day-school work of the church, he felt it to be a 
duty to prepare himself to enter into the Christian 
ministry. He was licensed to preach by the Mount 
Hermon church in 1849, and in 1850 went to the 
school at Botetourt Springs, where he remained for 
about fifteen months. He then returned to his home, 
and taught school for nearly a year, frequently 
preaching in destitute neighborhoods. In 1853 he 
entered the Columbian College, and graduated in 
1857. In 1856, still a student, he started a Sunday- 



school in South Washington, which was quite suc- 
cessful, and a church was organized in 1857, of 
which he became the pastor, and which he still 
serves. Mr. Meador has been greatly blessed in 
his labors, nearly 500 persons having been added 
to the church through his instrumentality. His 
pastoral labors are quite onerous, frequently being 
called upon by members of other denominations in 
the neighborhood to visit their sick and bury their 
dead. Twenty-two years of continuous toil among 
the same people have given him a strong hold upon 
their affections. Columbian College conferred upon 
him in 1860 the degree of A.M. in course. 

Medbury, Rev. Arnold Rhodes, missionary 
secretary of the Wisconsin Baptist State Conven- 
tion, is a native of Seekonk, R. I., where he was 
born Dec. 10, 1837. His childhood was spent on a 
farm in his native town. When seven years old he 
suffered an irreparable loss in the death of his 
mother, who was a devoted Christian. He ob- 
tained a hope in Christ in 1855, and united with 
the Third Baptist church in Providence, R. I., of 
which Rev. Jas. B. Simmons was pastor, and by 
whom he was baptized. Very early in his Chris- 
tian experience he had strong impressions that it 
was his duty to preach the gospel, and began prep- 
aration for the work. But in this purpose he met 
with many hindrances, having to depend upon his 
own resources to obtain means to secure an educa- 
tion. After a two years' struggle, with but little 
progress, he determined to join two older brothers 
in California, hoping the more speedily to obtain 
the means to educate himself At the end of six 
years of varied experiences of success and defeat, 
he found himself deeply in debt, and apparently 
farther than ever from realizing his cherished plan 
for study. At this time the Baptist church of 
Sonora, Cal., to which he had removed his church 
membership from Rhode Island, licensed him to 
preach the gospel, and invited him to do such pas- 
toral work as he could without ordination. This 
experience only deepened his conviction of his need 
of more thorough preparation for the Christian 
ministry, and he gladly availed himself of an ofi'er 
of pursuing a private coarse of study, under the 
direction of Rev. D. B. Cheeney, D.D., pastor of 
the First Baptist church in San Francisco. This 
arrangement having been suspended, owing to Dr. 
Cheeney's extended visit in the East, he entered 
the University of the Pacific, completing about 
two-thirds of its prescribed course of study. Leav- 
ing the university to engage in mission work in 
Petaluma, he found himself again, in the autumn 
of 1865, under the private instruction of Dr. 
Cheeney, and performing pastoral work for the 
Third Baptist church of San Francisco. He was 
ordained by a council convened at the call of the 
First Baptist church, San Francisco, in March, 



MEDLEY 



776 



MEEK 



1867. In the autumn of the same year he entered 
the theological seminary at Newton, Mass., and 
graduated in the class of 1870. Receiving the call 
(which he accepted) of the First Baptist church in 
San Francisco, he returned agUin to California to 
enter this new field of labor. In 1872, Mr. Med- 
bury became the pastor of the First Baptist church 
in Portland, Oregon. His pastorate here was in 
every way successful, the church was greatly 
strengthened, and reached a highly influential 
position in the city through his ministrations. 
From this charge Mr. Medbury was called to the 
Grand Avenue Baptist church, Milwaukee. After 
five years of successful pastoral labor with this 
church he accepted a call to the State Street Bap- 
tist church, Rockford, 111., and entered upon his 
labors there. 

When Mr. Medbury came to Wisconsin, in 1874, he 
was almost immediately made corresponding secre- 
tary of the Wisconsin Baptist State Convention, and 
secretary of the board and its Executive Committee, 
for which position he had unusual qualifications. 
During his entire pastorate at Grand Avenue Bap- 
tist church he devoted much time to this important 
missionary work. It is owing largely to his influ- 
ence that the State Convention reached its high 
degree of prosperity and accomplished so much 
successful missionary work. He gave such value 
and character to the annual reports of the Conven- 
tion, especially in its statistical tables, conveying 
such exact information on all Baptist matters in 
the State, as to awaken a wide-spread interest not 
only in the State but in neighboring States. AVhile 
pastor at Rockford, 111., the board of the Wisconsin 
Baptist State Convention extended to him an ur- 
gent invitation to take charge of its mission work 
in the State as missionary superintendent and secre- 
tary. He has accepted the position, and entered in 
September, 1880, upon its duties. 

Mr. Medbury is a man of fine native powers, and 
thorough attainments in literary and theological 
learning. He is a vigorous thinker and an earnest 
preacher of the gospel. He has qualifications that 
fit him pre-eminently for the position he now fills. 
He brings to it the best of executive and organ- 
izing powers, and a supreme love for the work, com- 
bined with an unquestioned consecration to Christ 
and his cause on earth. 

Medley, Rev. Samuel, was born at Cheshurst, 

England, June 23, 1733. In his seventeenth year 
he entered the British navy as a midshipman. He 
was full of mirth and frolic, and as a consequence 
he was a great favorite with his ungodly associates. 
He was wounded in an action with the French 
when on service in the Mediterranean, and the op- 
portunities he had for serious reflection during his 
enforced leisure were of lasting benefit to his soul. 
Some time afterwards he was led to put his trust in 



Jesus, and he united by baptism with the church 
of Dr. Andrew Gilford, in London. 

His first settlement in the ministry was at Wat- 
ford, where he was ordained in July, 1768. In 
April, 1772, he removed to Liverpool, and in it he 
labored till his death, in 1799. When Mr. Medley 
entered upon his pastoral duties at Liverpool the 
church was small, but under his efiicient ministry 
it prospered greatly, and the house was soon en- 
larged. Mr. Medley was for some years one of the 
most influential ministers in Liverpool, or in the 
north of England. He was greatly beloved by the 
whole denomination, and by large numbers outside 
the community whose denominational name he 
bore and whose principles he ardently loved. He 
enjoyed great faith, and much of the presence of 
his Redeemer. His last words wei'e, " Dying is 
sweet work, sweet work, my Father! my heavenly 
Father ! I am looking up to my dear Jesus, my 
God, my portion, my all in all, glory ! glory ! home ! 
home !" He was the author of two works, and of 
some precious hymns, one of which is familiar 
wherever the English language is spoken : 

" Awake, my soul, in joyful lays, 
And sing thy great Redeemer's praise ; 
He justly claims a song from me ; 
His loving kindness, oh, how free!" 

Meech, Rev. Levi, son of Capt. Daniel and 
Zerviah (Witter) Meech, was born in North Ston- 
ington, Conn., Feb. 14, 1795 ; baptized by Rev. 
Roswell Burrows in 1811, and united with the Bap- 
tist church in Preston, Conn. ; served in the war 
of 1812 ; licensed to preach in 1820 ; ordained in 
1824 ; an evangelist in spirit from the beginning j 
served as pastor or supply of churches in Preston, 
Bozrah, Andover, Salem, Packersville, Voluntown, 
Colchester, Lebanon, SufiBeld, Second and Third 
North Stonington, Mystic, Conn., and Exeter, R. I. ; 
organized the Union Baptist church of Montville, 
Conn. ; greatly blessed in all his work ; a wise and 
successful revivalist; earnest and firm in all re- 
forms ; benevolent and devoted to missions ; mighty 
in the Scriptures ; strong thinker and sound reas- 
oner; full of sympathy and tenderness; baptized 
400 persons ; had three sons and two daughters ^ 
his oldest son, Levi Witter, a graduate of Brown 
University, is a distinguished mathematician and 
actuary ; his youngest son. Rev. William W., has 
been an earnest Baptist minister for thirty years. 
He died at the homestead in North Stonington, 
Conn., June 4, 1873, in his seventy-ninth year. 

Meek, Rev. John, M.D., a pioneer preacher in 
South Arkansas, was born in South Carolina in 
1791 ; was first a Methodist preacher, then became 
a Baptist, and began to preach as such in 1837 ; 
removed to Union Co., Ark., in 1840. Here he 
soon organized a church, the first of the missionary 
Baptist faith in his region. While supporting his 



MELL 



777 



MELVm 



family by the practice of medicine, he was inde- 
fatigable in his ministerial labors, and was instru- 
mental in planting many churches and organizing 
several Associations. He died in 1873. 

Mell, Patrick Hughes, D.D., chancellor of the 
State University, and for many years a leading and 




PATRICK IILIJUES .METX, D.D. 

influential Baptist of Georgia, was born in Wal- 
thourville, Liberty Co., Ga., July 19, 1814. In his 
boyhood he studied in the academies in Liberty 
County and near Darien, Ga., and then he spent 
two years at Amherst College, Mass., afterwards 
teaching in the academy at Springfield, Mass., and 
in the high school at East Hartford, Conn. In 
1838, at twenty-four years of age, he returned to 
his native State, and, after teaching school in lower 
and middle Georgia for five or six years, was elected 
to the professorship of Ancient Languages in Mer- 
cer University. He entered upon his duties in 
February, 1842, and continued a professor in that 
institution for thirteen years, during which time 
he became noted for his ability as a professor and 
for the firmness and excellence of his discipline. 
His connection with Mercer University was dis- 
solved in November, 1855, but in August, 1856, he 
was elected Professor of Ancient Languages in the 
State University at Athens. When Dr. Alonzo 
Church resigned the presidency of the State Uni- 
versity, in 1860, Dr. Mell was elected to the chair 
of Metaphysics and Ethics, which he still holds, 
although he was, in August, 1878, elected chancel- 
lor of the university, and ex-officio president of the 
State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. 
50 



His position is one of great dignity, and has been 
filled by him with distinguished ability and success. 

Dr. Mell's religious life began in the summer 
of 1832, when he was baptized by Rev. Samuel 
Law, at North Newport church, Liberty Co., Ga. 
He began to preach at Oxford, Ga., in 1840, and 
was ordained by order of the Penfield church at 
the request of the Greensborough church, Nov. 19, 
1842, at Penfield. From that time to the present 
he has preached almostwithout intermission, having 
charge of various churches, and some of his pas- 
torates continuing for remarkably long periods. 
He was pastor of the Greensborough church for 
ten years ; of the Antioch church, in Oglethorpe 
County, twenty -eight years ; and of the Bairdstown 
church, on the line between Greene and Oglethorpe 
Counties, thirty-three years. Since his election to 
the chancellorship of the State University he has 
resigned all his pastorates and has devoted himself 
exclusively to the duties of his office. 

As a preacher, he is logical and argumentative, 
delighting in the deep doctrinal subjects of the 
Bible, and rendering them simple and clear to the 
comprehension of his hearers. The power and 
penetration of his intellect enable him to grasp a 
doctrine forcibly and present it clearly ; and his 
skill in the art of thinking and reasoning is so great 
that he always speaks logically, his conclusions 
having the force of demonstrations. 

As an author. Dr. Mell has issued several works 
which have been accepted as standards, among 
which are his works on " Baptism,'" on " Corrective 
Church Discipline," and on " Parliamentary Prac- 
tice." He has also published small works on 
"Predestination," "Calvinism," "God's Provi- 
dential Government," the " Philosophy of Prayer," 
and part of a work, " Church Polity," which prom- 
ises to be of great value. 

As a presiding ofiicer. Dr. Mell has manifested 
pre-eminent excellence, which has been recognized 
by his repeated re-election to the presidency of the 
Southern Baptist Convention and of the Georgia 
Baptist Convention. 

During the late civil war, in response to a call by 
the governor of the State for six months' troops, 
Dr. Mell, although professor in the State Univer- 
sity, raised a company, of which he was elected 
captain, and when the regiment to which he be- 
longed was organized, he was elected colonel. As 
such he remained in actual service six months at 
different points within the State. 

Few, if any, have exerted a wider and more 
healthful influence in the denomination in Georgia 
than Dr. Mell. 

Melvin, Rev. R. E., a preacher and writer of 
note in Mississippi, was born in Pennsylvania in 
1811 ; received a good education, and engaged in 
teaching ; made a profession of Christ in 1852, and 



MENNO 



778 



MENNO 



■was baptized near Brandon, Miss. ; engaged in the 
practice of law in the city of Jackson until the 
close of the war. He then again commenced 
teaching near Meridian, where he soon began to 
preach, although not ordained until 1878. Re- 
cently a number of well-written articles in the 
Mississippi Baptist Record have attracted notice, 
and given him reputation -as a writer of ability. 

Menno and the Mennonites.— Simon Menno 

was born in Witmarsum, near Bolswert, in Fries- 
land, in 1505. His education must have been of a 
high order, and his talents were such as to have 
given boundless success in any worldly calling, or 
in the leadership of any community except his Ana- 
baptist disciples. He was persuasive and eloquent. 
He was familiar with the springs that open the 
hearts of men, and he wielded an astonishing in- 
fluence for years over large numbers of persons scat- 
tered over several countries of Europe, many of 
whom would have died for him without murmui', and 
some of whom were martyred because they enter- 
tained him, and they knew the penalty before they 
gave him a hearty welcome to refresh himself in 
their homes. 

In 1529 he became a priest of the Catholic 
church at Pinningen, in Friesland. At this time 
he had never read the Scriptures lest they might 
draw him away from his fidelity to Rome. In this 
respect he was even more hostile to God's Word 
than some other priests of his acquaintance. In 
celebrating mass the question natui-ally came into 
his mind. Can the bread and the wine be the real 
body and blood of the Son of God? At first he 
imagined that this suggestion came from the 
Wicked One, and he resorted to the confessional 
and other papal methods to chain and silence com- 
mon sense, but Menno was too gifted for the suc- 
cessful use of such instrumentalities. He had been 
accustomed to spend his time with two priests in 
"playing, drinking, and other indulgences,'' but 
these sacerdotal exercises failed to satisfy him 
about transubstantiation. He finally concluded 
that he would despise the curses of lordly prelates, 
and search the New Testament to solve his doubts. 
In its light the falsehood of the mass vanished like 
the shades of night before the rising sun, and its 
brazen idolatry excited his indignation. 

On the execution of Seicke Snyder, at Leeu- 
warden, for being " I'ebaptized," he was filled with 
astonishment to hear of a second baptism and the 
reason for it, that infant baptism had no warrant 
from the Word of G od. As he read the Scriptures he 
saw that it had no divine authority. Then he says, 
"As I remarked this I spoke of it to my pastor 
(the rector of the church in which he was an assist- 
ant), and, after several conversations, he acknowl- 
edged that infant baptism had no ground in the 
Scriptures. Yet I dared not trust so much to my 



understanding. I consulted some ancient authors, 
who taught me that children must by baptism be 
washed from their original sin. This I compared 
with the Scriptures, and perceived that it set at 
naught the blood of Christ. Afterwards I went to 
Luther, and would gladly have known from him 
the ground, and he taught me that we must bap- 
tize children on their own faith, because they are 
holy. This also I saw was not according to God's 
Word. In the third place I went to Bucer, who 
taught me that we should baptize children in order 
to be able the more diligently to take care of them, 
and bring them up ia the ways of the Lord. But 
this too I saw was a groundless representation. 
In the fourth place I went to Bullinger, who 
pointed me to the covenant of circumcision, but I 
found, as before, that, according to Scripture, the 
practice could not stand. As I now on every side 
observed that the writers stood on grounds so very 
different, and each followed his own reason, I saw 
clearly that we were deceived with infant baptism." 
Menno had no temptation to give up infant bap- 
tism, and his prejudices and interests, and even his 
bodily safety, were linked to it. But the truth 
was not in it, and the truth, which he loved, drove 
him into the ranks of the Anabaptists. No de- 
nomination at this hour has so many men, like 
Dunster, Judson, and Noel, as the Baptist, whose 
convictions have constrained them to renounce the 
most cherished ties, and make other weighty sacri- 
fices. 

Menno for a time was rector of the village 
church where he had been an assistant, and 
preached the Word of Life to his parishioners with 
acceptance ; but finally, in 1536, his conscience 
would permit him no longer to retain any connec- 
tion with Rome, and he withdrew from the priest- 
hood and communion of the popes. In 1537 he 
listened to the appeal of a few godly Anabaptists 
and became their religious leader, an ofiBce which 
he held till he fell at the feet of the great Teacher 
in Paradise. 

Menno was twenty-two years younger than Lu- 
ther, whom he greatly respected, and whose writ- 
ings he carefully studied, but his supreme regard 
for the Scriptures kept him from adopting any 
guide except revelation. 

When he accepted his new office he knew the 
fierce cruelties and the violent death which it in- 
vited, and which it was likely to bring upon him, 
but washed in the Saviour's blood himself, he 
could not withhold the glorious gospel from the 
millions of doomed papal bondmen, whose present 
darkness and prospective torments enlisted the 
deepest sympathies of his soul. He went every- 
where preaching Jesus. As a distinguished writer 
says, "For about five-and- twenty years he trav- 
eled with his wife and children amid perpetual 



MENNO 



MERCER 



suflFerings and daily perils of his life over many 
districts of country, — first in West Friesland, the 
territory of Groningen, and East Friesland, and 
then in Gelderland, Holland, Brabant, Westphalia, 
and the German provinces along the shores of the 
Baltic as f;ir as Livonia, and in this v?ay he gath- 
ered an immense number of followers." Menno 
was one of the master-spirits and master-builders 
of the sixteenth century, whose immediate disci- 
ples were multitudes, and whose influence has 
journeyed far beyond the borders of the religious 
community bearing his name. 

He died in 1561 at Oldesloe, in Ilolstein, where 
his ashes rest in peace. 

Menno had a new heart given him in 1535. God 
" led him from the way of death, and through mere 
mercy called him upon the narrow path of life ;" 
" he was graciously forgiven of his impure conduct, 
and loose, vain life through the merit of the blood 
of Christ," and he went in a mightier power than 
even Whitefield to proclaim the efficacy of atone- 
ment to perishing men. The churches he insti- 
tuted were composed of professed believers alone, 
and these were the only subjects of his baptism. 
He disclaimed the use of foi'ce to support, spread, 
or defend his religious opinions. His views of the 
Lord's Supper were Scriptural. He denounced 
wars, self-defense, and oaths, and insisted on per- 
sonal piety with great and appropriate zeal. While 
in many highly important things Menno agreed 
with us, facts incline us to the conviction that the 
mode of baptism with him was indifferent. He was 
almost a Baptist, though a very decided Ana- 
baptist. 

The Mennonites, or the communities founded by 
Menno, survive the fury of persecution, the hatred 
of state churches, and the evils that dwell in the 
heart and tempt in the world. The chief strength 
of the Mennonites in Europe is in Holland, where, 
in 1846, they had about 130 churches, and a semi- 
nary for ministerial education. They had also com- 
munities at that time in East Prussia, in Alsace 
and Lorraine, in Switzerland, and in the south of 
Russia. In the United States the Mennonites have 
about 120 churches and 20,000 members. There 
are three sects of Mennonites in this country, — the 
Mennonites, the Reformed Mennonite Society, and 
the Omish Church. The first and last communities 
hold the same Confession of Faith, which was 
adopted in Dortrecht, in Holland, in 1632. The 
Ornish Church differs chiefly from the regular 
Mennonites in their greater simplicity of dress and 
strictness of discipline. The Reformed Mennonite 
Society was instituted to pay special attention to 
the religion of the heart, and in this respect to re- 
store the spirituality of early times. This denom- 
ination has condensed the old creed, but with the 
other two its members profess to believe that the 



first lesson of the New Testament is repentance. 
They baptize only penitent believers (no children) ; 
they practise feet-washing ; they believe that they 
should not discharge the duties of a magistrate, or 
" elevate others to a magisterial ofiice ; they forbid 
the use of carnal weapons and oaths," and "they 
administer baptism (in the United States) by 
sprinkling or pouring" ,(" Confession of Faith of 
the Mennonites," p. 458, Winchester), though the 
Rynsburgers, or Collegiants, a branch of the Men- 
nonites, originating in Holland, according to Picart, 
in 1736, practised immersion (see Burrage's " Act 
of Baptism," p. 180). The Mennonites of to-day 
are a little nearer us than orthodox members of the 
Society of Friends, but they are not Baptists. 

Mercer, Rev. Asa S,, was born in Georgia in 
1790; began to preach in Mississippi in 1812; re- 
moved to Louisiana in 1823, and settled on the 
Ouachita. He long exercised a wide influence, and 
held many prominent positions. He died in Texas 
in 1850. 

Mercer, Jesse, D.D., was the most distinguished 
and influential Baptist minister ever reared in the 




JESSE MERCER, D.D. 

State of Georgia ; and it is doubtful if any one, 
under the providence of God, ever exerted a more 
beneficial influence among the Baptists of Georgia, 
or as an instrument in the divine hands ever accom- 
plished more beneficial results for the denomination 
in the State. "How is Mr. Mercer?" asked Dr. 
Staughton of a gentleman from Georgia. " He is 
well," was the answer. " He exerts a great influ- 
ence in your State," continued Dr. Staughton. 



MERCER 



780 



MERCER 



" His word is law" the other replied. " I am sure," 
said the doctor, in return, ''it is gospeiy 

Jesse, the son of Silas Mercer, was born in Hali- 
fax Co., N. C, Dec. 16, 1769. His father removed 
to Georgia about 1775, and settled in Wilkes 
County, but fled to North Carolina at the outbreak 
of the Revolution, and did not return until after 
the war, when Jesse was about fourteen years old. 
From that time until his death, on the 6th of Sep- 
tember, 1841, Jesse Mercer resided in Georgia. 
His youthful character Avas free from stain ; not 
even a profane word was ever used by him, nor was 
he ever guilty of. any deviation from strict truth- 
fulness. He was a sober, staid, discreet youth ; 
even-tempered in his conduct, never dejected nor 
moi'ose. He had great command of his passions, 
and was never known through life to have a per- 
sonal quarrel with any one. He was a pattern of 
filial obedience, submitting cheerfully to every 
command of his parents. He was converted at 
fifteen, was baptized in his eighteenth year, and 
soon after began to preach. On the 31st of Janu- 
ary, 1788, in his nineteenth year, he was married 
to Miss Sabrina Chivers ; and before he was twenty 
years of age he was ordained, on the 7th of Novem- 
ber, 1789, by Silas Mercer and Sanders AValker. 
In succession he then took charge of the churches at 
Hutton's Fork, Indian Creek, in Oglethorpe County, 
Sardis, Phillips' Mill, Powelton, Whatley's Mill 
(now Bethesda), Eatonton, and Washington, his 
pastoral services extending over a period of fifty 
years. He by no means confined himself to the 
churches of his charge, however, but, traveling far 
and near, he preached the gospel everywhere, with 
a power never surpassed in the State, and with a 
pathos and unction productive of the best results. 

As a Preacher. — Long will he be held in honor- 
able estimation as a truly able, pious, instructive 
and powerful minister of the gospel. Said Dr. 
Basil Manly, Sr., of him, " In his happy moments 
of preaching he would arouse and enchain the at- 
tention of reflecting men beyond any minister I 
have ever heard. At such times his views were 
vast, profound, original, striking, and absorbing in 
the highest degree ; while his language, though 
simple, was so terse and pithy, so pruned, consoli- 
dated, and suited to become the vehicle of the dense 
mass of his thoughts, that it required no ordinary 
efibrt of a well-trained mind to take in all he said." 
His voice was neither very strong nor distinguished 
for its compass and melody ; his gesticulations 
were rather clumsy, and the fastidious could find 
fault with his manner ; but, notwithstanding all, 
his appeai'ance in the pulpit was far from being 
uninteresting. 

The fair and comely baldness of his head, his 
venerable mien, his portly frame, his countenance 
clothed with meekness, benevolence, intelligence, 



and devotion, rendered him an object of peculiar 
interest and respect wherever he stood forth 

" To negotiate between God and man, 
As God's ambassador, the grand concerns 
Of judgment and of mercy." 

Whilst he seemed untrammeled by the laws of 
criticism, he violated not the principles of true taste. 
His sermons were for the most part doctrinal, yet 
always tending to practical results. His language 
had a noble bearing, which made it a suitable 
vehicle for his noble thoughts. The accurate prin- 
ciples of sound logic ran through his addresses, 
though its forms were not at all times visible. Un- 
godly men of cultivated minds listened to his sermons 
as to an intellectual treat. Religious men enjoyed 
them as afibrding a spiritual feast. To the graces of 
oratory Mr. Mercer made no pretensions, but there 
was an unction from the Holy One, that breathed 
from his spii'it and beamed from his sweet and 
heavenly eye, which enchained and animated the 
heai-er, and thus moi"e than supplied the absence 
of oratorical grace. His words did not often flow 
down upon the people in a rushing torrent, but 
rather fell like a refreshing shower. No useless 
verbiage encumbered his topics. Some preachers 
are occasionally great because, like a small stream, 
with a shallow and narrow channel, swollen by a 
sudden shower, they sometimes dash and roar ; but 
Mr. Mercer's preaching was like a stream whose 
channel is wide and deep: it embraced a large 
scope of religious instruction, exhibited a great 
variety and richness, and flowed onwards with a 
mighty and increasing volume. 

The Cross of Christ was the fixed, luminous 
centre of his preaching. He delighted in contem- 
plating the gospel as a scheme which honored God 
and abased the creature. Upon the majesty of the 
law •• the exceeding sinfulness of sin ; the amazing 
obligations of the sinner, and his total inability to 
rescue himself from his ruined and guilty state ; 
and upon the infinite virtue of the atonement, and 
the uncontrolled sovereignty of God, and the glori- 
ous efliciency of divine grace, he was truly great. 
Never was a minister more immovably rooted in 
the respect, confidence, and affection of his people 
than was Mr. Mei-cer, while to all classes of the 
community he was an object of admiration, rever- 
ence, and love. 

About 1818 he removed from Greene County to 
Powelton, where he resided until the end of 1826 
or beginning of 1827, when he removed to Wash- 
ington, which remained his home until death. Of 
the church at the former place he was pastor for 
twenty-eight years, and of the church at the latter 
he was pastor about seventeen years ; but after 
removing to Washington he resigned the charge 
of most of his other churches. 

Connection with the Index. — In. the year 1833 the 



MFAiCER 



781 



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Christian Index, published by Dr. Win. T. Brantly, 
Sr., at Philadelphia, was purchased by Mr. Mercer 
and removed to Washington, Ga. For several years 
he was the editor of the Index, assisted by Rev. 
Wm. H. Stokes, and was the means thus of greatly 
benefiting the denomination in the State by his 
wise counsel and skillful expositions of discipline 
iind doctrine. But editorial duties were not con- 
genial to him, and the paper became a pecuniary 
disadvantage. In 1840 he tendered the Index, and 
all its appendages, to the Georgia Baptist Conven- 
tion. The gift was accepted, and it was published 
by the Convention, through a committee, until 
1862, when it was sold to Rev. S. Boykin, who for 
several years had been employed as editor. To Mr. 
Mercer the denomination in the State is indebted 
for much of its harmony and prosperity, through 
the influence exerted for many years by that paper. 

Efforts in Behalf of Education. — The cause of 
education has had no more indefatigable, success- 
ful, and liberal advocate in the State of Georgia 
than Jesse Mercer. He took an active part in the 
establishment of Mount Enoa Academy, in Rich- 
mond County, in 1807. He was one of the most 
munificent supporters of Mercer University from 
its very inception, and the institution was accord- 
ingly named after him. His donations, including 
legacies to the university, did not amount to less 
than $40,000. 

His Efforts in the Missionanj Cause. — No object 
was dearer to Jesse Mercer than the cause of mis- 
sions. Through his influence the Powelton Bap- 
tist Society for Foreign Missions was established. 
May 5, 1815 ; and in the year following he pro- 
cured the appointment of the Mission Board of 
the Georgia Association to be a component mem- 
ber of the General Missionary Convention of 
the Baptist denomination, which board existed for 
many years, and prosecuted its business with much 
success. He was uniformly appointed a member 
of the board, was generally its president, and al- 
ways one of its most liberal and efficient support- 
ers. In 1820 and in 1826 he represented this board 
in the General Convention. Not until merged into 
the operations of the State Convention was this 
board dispensed with. 

For some years Mr. Mercer was an active mem- 
ber, and for a while corresponding secretary of the 
Board of Trustees of the Co-operating Baptist As- 
sociations for Instructing and Evangelizing the 
Creek Indians, organized under the direction of 
managers appointed by the Ocmulgee, Georgia, and 
Khenezer Associations. By his pen, in the pulpit, 
and with his purse Mr. Mercer strenuously advo- 
cated the mission cause throughout his whole 
career, and was one of those who organized, and 
for the ten years of its existence was the master- 
spirit of, the General Committee of the Georgia 



Baptists, which resulted in the establishment of 
the Georgia Baptist Convention, the grand mis- 
sionary body of the Georgia Baptists. For eighteen 
years in succession he was elected president of the 
Georgia Baptist Convention, and for more than 
twenty years he was successively elected presiding 
officer of the Georgia Association. 

In the discussion of all weighty and difficult sub- 
jects in the religious bodies which he attended he 
usually took a prominent part, and his views gen- 
erally decided the question under discussion. On 
one occasion some important subject was discussed 
for a considerable time, when a worthy brother 
rose and said, " Well, I now move that Brother 
Mercer give us his views, and that the question 
then be put, without any further debate," inti- 
mating that it would be improper for the question 
to be taken until the Gamaliel of the meeting had 
expressed his opinion, and that after he should 
speak little more of importance could well be 
said. 

His Liberality. — He gave hundreds and thou- 
sands and tens of thousands. To home and foreign 
missions, to the Bible, tract, Sunday-school, and 
publication societies, to Columbian College, and to 
Mercer University he dedicated many thousands 
of dollars. His bequests to Mercer University 
amounted to more than $40,000, and to various 
other benevolent objects not less than $20,000 or 
$25,000. 

His Character. — With all his greatness and 
reputation he was lowly and humble. His mod- 
esty was conspicuous ; yet, though eminently meek 
and gentle in spirit, he was a man of uncommon 
firmness and of great moi-al courage. In matters 
of principle and conscience he was immovable as a 
rock. His heart was remarkably tender and sym- 
pathetic, and he was kind, courteous, and hospita- 
ble. He treated his servants with the greatest 
humanity and with the most judicious considera- 
tion. The mental elevation, the distinguished 
piety, and the ministerial excellence which were 
combined in Mr. Mercer partially account for the 
extensive and wonderful influence he exerted over 
the minds of men, for no other man has wielded the 
same power over the Baptists of Georgia, nor is 
any other Baptist who has ever lived in the State 
to be compared to him in the beneficial results 
accomplished by his long ministry. In the de- 
nomination in Georgia he stands as a bright and 
shining light, and while it exists in that State his 
exalted merit and faithful services will cause him 
to be held in affectionate and sacred remembrance. 

Mercer, Rev. Thomas, an able and zealous 

Baptist minister, who removed from Georgia in 
1818 and settled in Southwestern Mississippi ; was 
an early laborer in spreading Baptist sentiments. 
To facilitate the cultivation of the song-service of 



MERCER 



782 



MERCER 



the churches he compiled a collection of excellent 
hymns. He aided in the formation of the Missis- 
sippi Association in 1806. In 1817, Thomas Mer- 
cer and Benjamin Davis were requested by the As- 
sociation to visit the Creek Indians and inquire 
what could be done towards the establishment of 
schools and the introduction of the gospel among 
them, and the funds of the Association were applied 
for their use, and they were required to account to 
the Mississippi Society for Baptist Missions, For-' 
eign and Domestic. Upon this journey Mercer 
died, and was buried among strangers. 

Mercer University. — One of the objects of the 
Georgia Baptist Convention, when organized, as set 
forth in its constitution, was " to afford an oppor- 
tunity to those who may conscientiously think it 
their duty to form a fund for the education of pious 
young men, who may be called by the spirit and 
their churches to the Christian ministry." From 
1826 to 1832 several beneficiaries were adopted by 
the Convention, and no less than eight received aid 
from the Convention in the last-named year. In 
1828, Josiah Penfield, a devout deacon of the 
Savannah Baptist church, offered to give $2500 
towards a fund for the education of young minis- 
ters, provided the Convention would contribute an 
equal amount. More than $2500 was subscribed 
by the delegates at the Convention, in Milledge- 
ville, in March, 1829. From this Penfield legacy, 
and from annual additions, grew the permanent 
fund for the education of young ministers, which 
amounted at one time to $33,400, but which now, 
owing to losses during the civil war, amounts to 
about $24,000. Having an educational fund, the 
Convention resolved, in 1831, to establish a classi- 
cal and theological school, to be connected with 
manual labor. This resolution was offered by 
Dr. Adiel Sherwood. Lands and money were sub- 
scribed, a site was chosen, and on the second Mon- 
day in January, 1833, Mercer Institute was opened, 
so named in honor of Jesse Mercer, who has been 
called "the most influential minister of his day, 
and, perhaps, the most distinguished minister of 
the denomination ever reared up in the State." 
(Campbell's "Georgia Baptists.") 

When it grew into a village the site was named 
Penfield, in memory of Deacon Penfield. Rev. 
Billington M. Sanders presided over the institute, 
and brought to the work indefatigable industry. 
Under his care the institute attracted students from 
all parts of the State, and contributed greatly to 
popularize education in the minds of the people. 
It was not intended to impart a collegiate educa- 
tion, and its elevation to the dignity of a college 
was an after-thought, started by the failure to es- 
tablish the Southern Baptist College at Washing- 
ton, Wilkes County, for which an endowment fund 
of $100,000 had been subscribed. Of this sum 



$20,000 had been contributed by the Central Asso- 
ciation, a body of intelligent and liberal brethren, 
to endow the Central Professorship of Languages 
and Sacred Literature. That body suggested that 
Mercer Institute be elevated into a college, and 
this solved a problem which was puzzling the de- 
nomination. The Executive Committee of the Con- 
vention took the matter in hand, changed the name 
of Mercer Institute into Mercer University, pro- 
cured the transfer of most of the subscription.s 
which had been made to the Southern Baptist 
College, and, in December, 1837, obtained a char- 
ter for the new university. At its next session, in 
May, 1838, the Georgia Baptist Convention ratified 
this charter and elected the first board of trustees. 
The first meeting of this board was held at Pen- 
field, in July, 1838, when they assumed the man- 
agement of the institution ; and this date may be 
regarded as the official beginning of Mercer Uni- 
versity, though the college classes were not organ- 
ized until January, 1839. 

The board of trustees was composed of the fol- 
lowing brethren : Jesse Mercer, C. D. Mallary, V. 
R. Thornton, Jonathan Davis, John E. Dawson, 
Malcom Johnson, W. D. Cowdry, J. H. T. Kil- 
patrick, J. II. Campbell, S. G. Hillyer, Absalom 
Janes, R. Q. Dickinson, William Richards, Thomas 
Stocks, T. G. Janes, J. M. Porter, Lemuel Greene, 
James Davant, F. W. Cheney, E. H. Macon, Wil- 
liam Lumpkin, J. G. Polhill, Lett Warren, Mark 
A. Cooper, John B. Walker, I. T. Irwin, W. H. 
Pope, men who were representatives of the denom- 
ination in piety, wealth, intelligence, and in social 
and political influence. They gave shape to the 
institution, and to their wise counsels much of its 
success is due. Thomas Stocks, a layman, who 
had labored in building up the institute, was the 
first president of the board of trustees, and was 
continuously re-elected for about twenty-five years, 
until failing health unfitted him for the duties of 
the office. The university entered upon its career 
with a liberal endowment for the times. Four 
agents — Posey, Connor, Davis, and Mallary — were 
employed in getting the subscriptions to the Wash- 
ington project transferred, and in obtaining new- 
pledges. In this work Rev. C. D. Mallary was en- 
gaged during the years 1837, 1838, and 1839. Rev. 
Jesse Mercer was by far the largest contributor, as 
he gave during his life and by will about $40,000. 
Among those who donated from $1000 to $5000 
were CuUen Battle, R. Q. Dickinson, W. H. Pope, 
James Boykin, T. G. Janes, Absalom Janes, W. 
Peek, Solomon Graves, and John B. Walker. 
Within the last twenty years several legacies have 
been left to the university. 

In December, 1844, the manual labor system was 
indefinitely suspended by the trustees, with the 
concurrence of the contributors to the university. 



MERCER 



MERCER 



The first diplomas were conferred in 1841, and since 
then there has been a regular succession of gradu- 
ating classes, with the exception of seven years. 
An efficient faculty was gradually enrolled. One, 
Prof. S. P. Sanford, entered the institute as a teacher 
in 1838, and has served continuously down to the 



Biblical literature, and it was extended over three 
years. Two professors usually gave most of their 
time to instruction in this department of the col- 
lege. The exigencies of the civil war, in 1862, 
caused a suspension of the theological department, 
which has never been revived, owing to a general 




MVERSITY. 



present time. Another, Prof. J. E. Willet, an 
alumnus of 1846, was elected professor in 1847, and 
has served continuously since that time. In both 
Mercer Institute and the university a theological 
education was a primary thought, and was specifi- 
cally provided for in donations and legacies. Very 
appropriately, therefore, Rev. Dr. Adiel Sherwood 
was, in 1840, elected the first theological professor, 
a position which he occupied three years only, as he 
then accepted the presidency of Shurtlefi' College, 
111. In 1845 the theological department was fully 
organized, embracing Greek, Hebrew, systematic 
and pastoral theology, ecclesiastical history, and 



desire to build up the Southern Baptist Theological 
Seminary. 

The curriculum of the classical department in 
Mercer University embraces the studies usually 
taught in colleges of respectable grade. The reg- 
ular course requires four years, and leads to the 
degree of A.B. A scientific course, including the 
regular course except ancient languages, is com- 
pleted in three years, and leads to the degree of 
B.S., — ^Bachelor of Science. Seven have graduated 
in the scientific course and 440 in the regular 
course, of whom 77 became ministers of the gospel. 
Add to these the 12 theological graduates and the 



MERCER 



784 



MERCER 



15 who have taken a partial course in the institute 
and university, and we have a total of 164 Baptist 
ministers who have received their education in this 
" classical and theological school" instituted by the 
Baptist fathers nearly half a century ago. 

The law school was organized in 1873. Its course 
extends through one year, and thus far 24 graduates 
have received the degree of B.L. 

The disasters to the college caused by the civil 
war led to its dissolution in May, 1865, and the 
faculty reluctantly closed its doors. The two senior 
members of the faculty, however, opened a school 
in the college buildings, and carried on the mixed 
studies of preparatory and college classes until the 
close of the year, when the trustees began again 
the rehabilitation of the university. 

There had always been differences of opinion as 
to the location of the college, and in 1850 a feeble 
effort was made to remove it to Griffin. About 
1853 the Baptists of Northwestern Georgia estab- 
lished the Cherokee Baptist College at Cassville, 
and soon after those of Western Georgia instituted 
another at Griffin, — Marshall College. Both failed 
to secure endowments and passed away. Not long 
after the war the question of removal was re-opened ; 
several cities offei-ed valuable pecuniai-y induce- 
ments ; and in April, 1870, the Convention, by a 
vote of 71 to 16, resolved to remove the university 
from Penfield ; and at a subsequent conference of 
a committee of the Convention and the Board of 
Trustees, it was decided to locate it at Macon, 
which city gave the university $125,000 of her 
bonds and seven acres of land on Tatnall Square. 
A modification of the charter was secured, and the 
university was removed to Macon in 1871. A large 
four-story brick building, containing over thirty 
rooms for recitation purposes and for the library 
and philosophical apparatus, was erected by the 
trustees. Another brick building was also reared 
as a dormitory and dining-hall for the students. 
A chapel, and a building to contain the museum 
and to furnish lecture-rooms, were in contemplation 
also, but the financial panic of 1873 caused a sus- 
pension of further building operations. 

For more than a quarter of a century the en- 
dowment and funds of the university were managed 
by Thomas J. Burney, treasurer of the Convention, 
than whom a more faithful and efficient officer never, 
lived. To his discretion the trustees confided the 
finances of the institution entirely, and that so 
large a proportion of its funds was saved during 
the war is due to his wisdom and foresight. 

The presidents have been as follows : Rev. B. M. 
Sanders, 1839; Rev. Otis Smith, 1840-43; Rev. 
John L. Dagg, D.D., 1844-54 ; Rev. Nathaniel M. 
Crawford, d!d., 1855-56 and 1858-65 ; Rev. Henry 
Holcombe Tucker, D.D., 1866-71 ; and Rev. Archi- 
bald J. Battle, D.D., 1872 to date, 1880. 



Administration. — Rev. Billington M. Sanders, 
who had been the central figure in the institute, 
consented to remain one year as president of the 
university. It was fitting that he should launch 
upon its new career of usefulness the bark which 
he had guided so successfully for six years. Rev. 
Otis Smith succeeded him, and remained three 
years. He gave diplomas to the first two gradu- 
ating classes. 

Rev. Dr. Dagg succeeded, in 1844, to a presi- 
dency of ten years. With superior mental endow- 
ments, solid scholarship, venerable presence, affable 
manners, aptness in teaching, and steadiness in 
discipline, he commanded the love and reverence of 
the whole institution. To the new college he gave 
dignity and character ; and he made its friends feel 
that it deserved to take rank among the colleges of 
the State. 

Rev. Di". Crawford inherited much of the mas- 
sive intellect of his father, Hon. Wm. H. Crawford. 
His mind mastered, with equal ease, almost every 
department of thought. Modest, sincere, sagacious, 
companionable, independent, and with great clear- 
ness and coolness of judgment, he won the respect 
of his students ; and was a beloved and wise coun- 
selor in the assemblies of his brethren. Rev. Dr. 
Tucker was a president of remarkable originality, 
acuteness, and readiness. Clear, brilliant, mag- 
netic, he "enthused" his classes as few have the 
power to do. "You are gentlemen, and the sons 
of gentlemen," was the key-note of his discipline, 
which banished from the college all silly tricks and 
pranks, and encouraged true manliness of character 
among the students. The fresh vitality of his ad- 
ministration is still felt in the institution. 

Rev. Dr. Battle, though a native of Georgia, 
came from another State, Alabama. His father. 
Dr. Cullen Battle, had been a prominent Baptist 
in Georgia until his removal to Alabama, and had 
been a liberal donor to the university, and his 
son received a warm welcome on returning to his 
native State ; and he found friends in all. A 
Christian gentleman of the highest tone and culti- 
vation, with fine social powers, he has strongly at- 
tached to the college the community which con- 
tributed so liberally to its endowment. 

The university, thus founded in the prayers, 
sacrifices, and best purposes of the denomination, 
the centre of its intellectual culture, has ever been 
the rallying-point of the Georgia Baptists. Sprung 
from a desire for an educated ministry, it has ex- 
panded into a fountain of knowledge for Baptists 
of every calling. Enlisting their minds and hearts 
in its great work, the Georgia Baptists have brought 
to it their offerings of time, money, and wisdom, 
and when necessary have sacrificed their prefer- 
ences for locations and measures. Such a fusion 
of mind and heart has unified and consolidated the 



MEREDITH 



MERRILL 



denomination, and girded it for the great religious 
work which it has wrought in the State. 

Meredith, Rev. James J., an aWe minister of 

Ouachita Baptist Association, La., was born Oct. 
27, 1810, and died in Caldwell Parish, La., June 
27, 1870. 
Meredith, Rev. Thomas, was beyond question 

the ablest man who has yet appeared among the 
Baptists of North Carolina, and as the founder, and 
for nineteen years the editor, of the Biblical Re- 
corder, probably did more to develop the denomina- 
tion than any man who has ever lived in the State. 
Mr. Meredith was born in Pennsylvania in 1797 ; 
came to North Carolina as pastor of the Newbern 
church in 1820; removed to Georgia in 1822; 
settled as pastor in Edenton, N. C, in 1825 ; ori- 
ginated the Baptist Interpreter in 1832, which was 
changed to the Biblical Recorder in 1834 ; removed 
to Newbern in 1835, and was pastor as well as 
editor till 1838, when he removed to Raleigh, and 
taught a female school in connection with edi- 
torial labors. Mr. Meredith was the author of the 
constitution of the North Carolina Baptist State 
Convention, and of the masterly address of that 
body when organized in 1830. He was elected a 
Professor of Mathematics in "Wake Forest College 
in 1835, but did not accept the position. He died 
in Raleigh in 1851. As an editor, he was the 
equal of any man in the United States in his day. 

Meridian Female College, located at Meridian, 

Miss., was founded by J. B. Hamberlin since the 
war. From one to two hundred young ladies are 
annually taught in this institution. Rev. C. M. 
Gordon, A.M., is the principal, with whom is asso- 
ciated Rev. M. T. Martin as agent. 

Merriam, Rev. Asaph, was born in Gardiner, 
Mass., in March, 1792 ; hopefully converted at the 
age of twenty-five, he united with a Congregational 
church. Subsequently he became a Baptist, and 
in 1825 was ordained at Royalston, Mass., and re- 
mained here five years. He was afterwards settled 
over churches in New Ipswich, Canton, Athol, and 
Bolton. He also supplied one or two chui-ehes for 
a time. His entire ministry extended over a period 
of about forty years. He died at Bolton, Sept. 19, 
1868. He was a useful minister of Christ. 

Merrifield, Rev. A. S., was born in Newfane, 
Vt, April 1, 1837. He belongs to a family of 
eleven children, all of whom are active members 
of Baptist churches. Two are in the ministry, 
three are deacons, and three are ministers' or dea- 
cons' wives. He was converted to Christ while a 
student at Leland Seminary, Townshend, Vt., at 
the age of seventeen. At this academy he pre- 
pared for college, and entered Madison University 
in 1860. He graduated from college in 1864, and 
from the theological seminary in 1866. He accepted 
a call from the Baptist church at Sherman, Chau- 



tauqua Co., N. Y., where he was ordained to the 
ministry Oct. 17, 1866. His pastorate with this 
church lasted for thi-ee years and a half. After 
this he was pastor at Morris and Sablctte, 111. 

Feeling that he might accomplish more good in 
a new and rising field, he accepted an invitation 
from a few Baptists in the city of Newton, Kan- 
sas, to aid them in starting and building up a Bap- 
tist church. With no church organized, no house 
of worship, and no specified salary, he began labor 
in this new field in November, 1877. Having no 
place to hold meetings, these brethren commenced 
to build a house for that purpose. In January it 
was completed, and dedicated to the worship of 
God, free of debt. At that time the church was or- 
ganized. The preaching of the Word was attended 
by the power of the Spirit, and many souls were 
saved. Special meetings were held both in the 
town and in the country. Thirty persons were 
baptized, and a goodly number were received by 
letter and experience. These were the first bap- 
tisms that ever took place in the town of Newton. 
The Baptist church of Newton is a little more than 
two and a half years old. He has baptized into 
this church 56 converts, and there have been added 
in all 164 members. 

Mr. Merrifield while in Kansas has, under God, 
made his own field, and is one of the most judi- 
cious, devoted, successful, and able workers in 
the State. 

Merrill, Rev. Daniel, was born March 18, 1765, 
in Rowley, Mass. He was converted in his thir- 
teenth year; he enlisted in January, 1781, when 
only fifteen years of age, and fought to the close 
of the Revolutionary war. He graduated at Dart^ 
mouth in 1789 with high honor. He began to 
preach in 1791, and his first sermon commenced a 
revival of religion which in a short time brought 
nearly 100 souls to Jesus. He preached with sim- 
ilar success in several places, staying but a short 
time in each. In 1793 he formed a church in Sedg- 
wick, Me., of 20 members, on the Congregational 
platform, and in 1805 it was the largest church of 
any denomination in the State. Mr. Merrill at 
this period of great prosperity was filled with doubts 
about the divine origin of infant baptism, and 
months after, when he declared himself a Baptist, 
it produced a great commotion. A Baptist church 
was then organized of 85 members, and Mr. Mer- 
rill was ordained as its pastor. He continued in 
this field till 1814, when he took charge of a church 
in Nottingham, N. H., in which he remained seven 
years. He returned to Sedgwick and again enjoyed 
extensive revivals, until his death, in June, 1833. 

Merrill, Rev. Eliphalet, was born in Stratham, 
N. H., April 7, 1765. His name is intimately as- 
sociated with that of Dr. Samuel Shepard, who was 
the pastor of the church in Brentwood, N. H. 



MERRILL 



786 



METCALF 



This church has several branches, one of them 
being in Northwood. Over this branch Mr. Mer- 
rill was ordained colleague pastor vrith Dr. Shepard 
in 1804, and for thirty years he was the minister 
of this branch church. He was especially useful in 
revivals, and made many missionary tours, preach- 
ing the gospel and gathering a large number of 
converts into the churches of New Hampshire. He 
died in Northwood, Feb. 7, 1853. 

Merrill, Rev. Thomas W. — A graduate in the 

first class that took its full course in Waterville 
College, and of one of the earliest classes at New- 
ton ; commenced missionary work in Michigan in 
May, 1829. He was the son of Rev. Daniel Mer- 
rill, of Maine, who, when a Congregational pastor, 
was converted to Baptist sentiments, and baptized 
by Dr. Baldwin, and who was followed by a large part 
of his church. It was the mission of the son to 
lead in the commencement and establishment of the 
educational work of the denomination in Michigan. 
After teaching in Ann Arbor and Schoolcraft, he 
enlisted the co-operation of others and gained the 
charter of what is now Kalamazoo College in 1833. 
From that time until his death, in 1878, he devoted 
his life largely to the cause of education, perform- 
ing gratuitous agency service, and consecrating the 
accumulations of his life to the endowment of the 
institution. This is his monument. 

Merritt, Rev. W. H., was born in Chatham 
Co., N. C, in February, 1779; professed faith in 
Christ in 1801, and began to preach in 1824. He 
died July 3, 1850, and left $1000 for the erection 
of a Baptist church at Chapel Hill, and $2000 to 
Wake Forest College to be appropriated to the 
education of young ministers. 

Merry, Rev. N. G., was bom in Christian Co., 
Ky., July 10, 1824; removed from Kentucky to 
Tennessee in 1826, where he lived until 1836, 
when he returned to Kentucky, and remained 
there until 1840. On the 15th day of May of that 
year his mistress died, and he was brought again 
to Tennessee, where he has lived ever since. He 
removed to Nashville, and resides there at this 
time. He was converted, and Nov. 1, 1845, he was 
baptized in the Cumberland River by Dr. R. B. C. 
Howell. From his conversion he was impressed 
that he must preach the gospel. He commenced, 
although with gi-eat fear and ti-embling, to exhort. 
He tried to shrink from duty, but the more he 
tried the more forcible became the conviction that 
of necessity he must preach. In March, 1853, he 
received a license to fill the pulpit of the colored 
branch of the First Baptist church. A request was 
made for his ordination, and a council was called 
on the 29th of November, 1853, which set him 
apart to the Christian ministry. Rev. S. Baker, 
D.D., delivered the ordination sermon. Since then 
he has preached to the First Colored Baptist 



church successfully. He began with 100 mem- 
bers ; the church now numbers 2300. During 
this time he has organized 13 churches. He has 
had occasion to build four times for his congrega- 
tion.. The present church cost $26,000, and will 
seat about 1300 persons. The labors of Brother 
Merry have been wonderfully blessed of the Lord. 
His influence for good is wide-spread. 

Messer, Asa, D.D., LL.D., the third president 
of Brown University, was born in Methuen, Mass., 
in 1769. He graduated from Brown University in 
1790. He was a tutor in the college for six years. 
In 1801 he was publicly ordained as a minister of 
the gospel. Upon the resignation of President 
Maxcy he was elected to fill his place. He re- 
signed his office in 1826, after having been con- 
nected with the university as student and officer 
nearly forty years. His death occurred at Provi- 
dence, Oct. 11, 1836. 

The estimate in which President Messer was 
held as a man of scholarly attainments may be in- 
ferred fi'om the fact that his own university con- 
ferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of 
Divinity in 1806, and Harvard University in 1820. 
In 1812 the University of Vermont conferred upon 
him the degree of Doctor of Laws. 

His published writings are discourses delivered 
on different occasions when lie was called upon to 
officiate, on account of his position and his repu- 
tation. 

Prof. Park and Hon. W. L. Marcy have left on 
record testimony to the ability and the peculiar- 
ities in the character of President Messer, which 
no one can read without reaching the conclusion 
that he was a man of mark in the community in 
which he lived. 

Metcalf, Rev. Whitman, was boru in Royal- 
ston, Mass., Nov. 16, 1797. At an early age he 
was the subject of serious convictions, and devoted 
himself to the Lord. It was the desii-e of his heart 
that the Lord would honor him by calling him to 
the work of the ministry. But it was not until 
June, 1821, that he preached his first sermon by 
appointment of the Royalston church. The result 
was a license to preach, which he did as oppor- 
tunity offered, pursuing his studies at Amherst and 
Waterville meanwhile. In September, 1825, he 
was ordained, and sent out by the Baptist Mission- 
ai-y Society of Massachusetts to preach as their mis- 
sionary in Western New York. He was soon rec- 
ognized as a leader of the new interests in the 
western counties of New York, and his services 
were sought far and near in establishing and fos- 
tering churches. He spent six years in Sardinia, 
Erie Co., building up not only the church there 
but other flourishing churches in neighboring 
towns. 

The next five years he gave to the church in 



MICHIGAN 



MICHIGAN 



Albion, when he returned to Sardinia for three 
years. He was then appointed by the New York 
State Convention as their financial secretary, in 
which service he remained for three years. From 
1844 to 1848 he served the church in Brockport, 
when he was again called from the pastorate by 
the New York Baptist Education Society to assist 
for one year in raising funds for her beneficiaries. 
At the close of this year's service he was employed 
for one year by the American Baptist Publication 
Society for New England, when he was called to the 
church in Springville, which he served from 1850 
to 1854, and then removed to Nunda, where he 
preached with his wonted power and success until 
1863, when the infirmities of age compelled him to re- 
tire from pastoral work. He resided here, however, 
until his death, which occurred Nov. 7, 1877. He 
lived an eventful life, as a missionary, a pastor, 
and a builder of churches. He came to the close 
of his earthly career in full age, seeing many com- 
munities bearing the precious fruits of his prayers 
and toils, and loved and lamented by a host of 
friends. 

Michigan, The Baptists of. — The earliest 

trace of Baptists in the Territory of Michigan is 
found in Oakland County, in 1818, where the city 
of Pontiac now stands. Orison Allen and his wife 
are the first names that appear. In their hands 
our denominational flag seems to have been brought 
into the Territory, and over their rude cabin that 
symbol of our faith and love was first displayed. 
Others of the same faith accompanied this honored 
pair, and united with them in efibrts to serve the 
saiiie blessed Master. 

After four years, during which these brethren 
and sisters on t^his wild shore must have often, like 
the man of Macev^-.i.a, turned wistful looks and 
pleading calls to the ministers and churches across 
the lakes for some one to come over and help them, 
the Paul came over. Rev. Elon Galusha was that 
Paul. He was the ardent and gifted missionary 
of the New York Baptist Convention. Brother 
Galusha reached Pontiac on an itinerant mission 
in 1822. Here he preached in the wilderness, and 
led in the organization of the first Baptist church 
of the Territory. 

The population of Michigan, when our first 
church was planted in it, was about 9000. Detroit 
was a muddy village of some 1500 inhabitants, 
among whom, if there was a Baptist, as doubtless 
there was, his or her memorial has perished. 

The first resident Baptist preacher that we learn 
of in the Territory was Lemuel Taylor, who settled 
at Stony Creek, in Oakland County. He held the 
deacon's office, and preached as a licentiate, never 
desiring ordination. He was a good and useful 
man, the head of a large family, for whom his 
hands were diligent, and who perpetuated his use- 



fulness by their own worth in the churches. Aa 
"far as in him lay he preached the gospel to his 
neighbors and in the settlements around, seeking 
earnestly to plant the virgin soil with true religion 
and the true church. 

The church at this place — Stony Creek — was the 
second one formed in Michigan. Rev. Nehemiah 
Lamb and his sons. Revs. C. A. and R. P. Lamb, 
visiting Pontiac in June, 1824, and breaking bread 
to the shepherdless flock, organized the brethren at 
Stony Creek into a church. 

The first ordained minister who settled as pastor 
in our Territory was Elkanah Comstock. As mis- 
sionary of the New York Convention he volunteered 
for this remote and solitary service, and took charge 
of the church in Pontiac in the summer of 1824. 

In connection with the labors of Elder Comstock 
a church was constituted at Troy in 1825, and an- 
other at Farmington in 1826, making four churches 
in the Territory, all in Oakland County. 

The Michigan Baptist Association was formed 
in 1826 of the above four churches, with their two 
or three ordained ministers. 

The second pastor that we learn of was Rev. 
John Buttolph, who was settled in Troy in 1826. 
He died with this church the same year. His 
memory was long perpetuated as that of a loved 
and successful pastor, a character that was repro- 
duced in his son, also one of the early ministers in 
the State, who died while yet young, and sleeps by 
his father's side in Troy. 

In Detroit, the year 1826 set the Baptist elements 
astir, and while they were moving towards se- 
curing preaching, Brother Henry Davis, in his 
studies at Hamilton, was feeling strong impressions 
impelling him to attempt missionary work in their 
city. Accordingly, in the summer of this year, he 
visited Detroit for exploration, and became inter- 
ested in its few Baptists. The next season (1827) 
we find him early on the ground with the wife who 
had given herself to share his life and work. Meet- 
ings were established in the academy, and soon bap- 
tisms were drawing the interested people to the 
great river-side to see the new spectacle. The 
church having formed under covenant, was ap- 
proved by council of recognition, Oct. 20, 1827. 
No minister of the Territory was present. The 
New York Baptist Convention stood nurse to the 
babe, Elisha Tucker, of Fredonia, presiding and 
preaching, Jairus Handy, of Bufialo, giving the 
hand of fellowship, and Asahel Morse, of Ohio, 
the charge. 

Brother Davis, as pastor, addressed himself with 
enterprise to the building up of the interest. Under 
his leadership, and with the friendly sympathy and 
co-operation of Gov. Cass, the grant was secured of 
the valuable lots, so long occupied, on the corner 
of Fort and Griswold Streets. But sickness seized 



MICHIGAN 



788 



MICHIGAN 



and disabled the young pastor, compelling him to 
abandon his Western work before a year of it was 
finished. 

The next tributary to Baptist influence in Michi- 
gan had its rise in the coming of Thomas W. Mer- 
rill to this as his adopted field of pioneer work. He 
entered the Territory in May, 1829, and enjoyed 
the longest ministerial life in the State which our 
entire ministry presents. He was from the State 
of Maine, where his father, a Congregational min- 
ister, turned a piece of the world upside down by 
becoming a Baptist, and by treating his church as 
'' a cake not turned," an " Ephraim who had mixed 
himself among the people." Thomas had gradu- 
ated at Waterville College and Newton Theological 
Seminary. Taking his appointment " not from 
men nor through man," he started at his gradua- 
tion from the seminary, and made his way to Michi- 
gan at the date aforesaid. 

It was his mission, as he had conceived it, and 
as the event has proved, to start and aid in rearing 
the Michigan Baptist Institution of Christian and 
Ministerial Learning, the history of which is de- 
tailed in another paper. 

Looking across the Territory there is one other 
quarter in which light was newly breaking at this 
•date, showing that torch-bearers were there setting 
the fires. It is at the southwest corner, and it re- 
veals Rev. Jacob Price in Cass County. He en- 
tered there from "Wales in 1831 or 1832, having 
been furthered on his way by Dr. Cone and others 
in New York. A Brother Miller, from Virginia, 
was also working along the Indiana border, adjoin- 
ing Brother Price's field; and Brother H. J. Hall, 
from Vermont, was the §ame year sent as a mis- 
sionary into that vicinity, and labored with Brother 
Price happily, and with some cheering ingatherings 
of souls churches were formed at Liberty, Lagrange, 
Niles, Edwardsburg, and perhaps over the Indiana 
line. 

Elder Price was the unremitting toiler on that 
■field for forty years. He was benevolence and 
work personified. God anointed him with the Holy 
^Spirit, and he went about doing good. His kindly 
countenance was the first preacher's face seen in the 
cabin doors of the new settlers over a large portion 
of Southwestern Michigan. Under him numerous 
churches rose up, and by his wise counsels and 
Christ-like spirit they guided their affairs with dis- 
cretion. One generation after another saw his 
familiar appearance passing along the roads to his 
scattered preaching-places, and leading the funeral 
processions of many surrounding towns ; and then 
" he was not, for God took him." 

At Comstock, the mother of all the churches in 
the Kalamazoo River Association was formed by 
Brother Merrill, Judge Eldred, and others. It is 
now the Galesburg church. 



In 1831 the churches associated in organizing 
the Michigan Baptist Domestic Mission Society, 
which kept up its annual meetings, inspired the for- 
mation of auxiliaries in all the churches, solicited 
and appropriated funds, and was in fact what later 
took the name and form of the State Convention. 
Foreign missions were alike cared for, and Chris- 
tian education. Tract circulation was also organ- 
ized and urged with intelligent liberality and per- 
sonal labor from the first. 

In 1832 there were twenty churches in the Ter- 
ritory and twelve pastors. 

Rev. Robert TurnbuU became pastor in Detroit 
in November, 1834, soon after which time the 
church dedicated their permanent house of worship. 
During the two and a half years of this pastorate 
our cause in Detroit advanced well. 

At Kalamazoo and vicinity, in 1835, Rev. Jere- 
miah Hall commenced preaching, and the church 
was formed the ensuing February. He labored 
as pastor eight years with discretion and faith- 
fulness, and the church became a steady and cen- 
tral light. The Literary Institute fixed there its 
permanent location, and began its school-life. 

At Schoolcraft, Rev. William Taylor was set- 
ting on the candlestick that pure and beneficent 
light which shone there in such blessing while he 
lived ; ay, and is phosphorescent from his grave 
there yet, though the storms of more than twenty 
years have drenched it. 

Under these laborers and their co-workers in the 
churches our growth spread widely. The second 
Association was called for and formed in 1833 or 
1834, bearing then the name of Lagrange, but now 
the St. Joseph River. And the third, first called 
the river Raisin, now the Washtenaw Association, 
was formed on the 14th of Janusiry, 1835. 

Now came the building and launching of the 
Baptist Convention of the State of Michigan ; for 
Michigan was becoming a State just in time to 
allow this name. The story of its organization and 
growth is reserved for another article. 

Of the number of churches and members in the 
State at the date of the Convention's formation we 
can only have approximate knowledge. We judge 
there were about 35 churches and nearly 2000 
members. 

A large number of ministers came in or were 
raised up in the churches from 1836 to 1840: 
Brethren Weaver, Curtiss, Hamlin, J. Harris, N. 
G. Chase, M. Allen, L. H. Moore, G. B. Day, 0. C. 
Comstock, Fulton, Hendee, Pennell, Rummerey, 
Wisner, Piper, and others. The American Baptist 
Home Mission Society came promptly on the field 
at its origin in 1842, and has been at the front ever 
since. Almost all the churches, both older and 
newer, have felt its ready and steady hand of help 
in their time of need. 



MICHIGAN 



7«9 



MICHIGAN 



In all their efforts, and in general co-operation 
with missionary, Bible, and other causes, there has 
been remarkable freedom from partisan divisions 
and strifes in the churches, Associations, and Con- 
ventions. The Baptists of Michigan have been 
a homogeneous people, respectful towards each 
other's opinions and modes of action, and deter- 
mined that no incompatibility should divorce what 
God had joined together. 

The largest number of baptisms in a year was 
in 1876, when it lacked but little of 3000. The 
average for fifteen years is a little over 1400. 
Membership, 27,064. Number of churches, 341, 
constituting eighteen Associations. For benevo- 
lent objects of all kinds, not including what has 
been done by contributors for their own local 
churches, they must have given not less than 
$600,000, all of it in comparatively small sums, — 
the drops that make the ocean. 

Michig-an, The Baptist Convention of the 

State of. — The oldest Baptist church in Michigan 
— that in Pontiac — was formed in 1822. The first 
ordained Baptist minister residing in the State en- 
tered it in 1824. The first Association was organ- 
ized in 1827, but no general convention of the 
Baptists in the State was attempted till 1836. In 
that year a call was issued to the chui'ches to send 
delegates to Detroit for a State organization, and in 
response to the call 26 churches were represented 
by 55 delegates in Detroit on the 31st of August. 
Dr. Nathaniel Kendrick, Archibald Maclay, Elon 
Galusha, Elisha Tucker, and eight others, not resi- 
dents of the State, were present, and invited to aid 
the delegates in their work. 

The plan of organization then adopted was almost 
exactly the same as that now in use, after an ex- 
perience of forty-three years. The design of the 
Convention was declared to be " to carry out the 
commission of Christ in giving the gospel to every 
creature ; by multiplying and circulating copies of 
the Holy Scriptures ; aiding home and foreign mis- 
sions ; encouraging Sabbath-school instruction ; 
promoting the circulation of religious tracts ; and 
the cause of education, especially that o'f the rising 
ministry." The constitution further provided that 
the objects contemplated by the Convention " shall 
be classed in the following order: Bible efforts; 
home missions ; foreign missions ; education ; gen- 
eral benevolence ; and each of the foregoing objects 
respectively shall be assigned to a specific committee 
appointed by the Board of Managers." 

How little change has been introduced into the 
general plan of organization after nearly half a 
century wdll appear from the following statement 
of the present plan of work, contained in the by- 
laws as last printed : 

" The board, at its first meeting after its elec- 
tion, shall appoint special boards, consisting of not 



iber 



fol- 



less than five, nor more than nine memoers, as 
lows: 

" 1. The Board of State Missions. 

" 2. The Board of Christian and Ministerial Edu- 
cation. 

" 3. The Board of Foreign Missions. 

" 4. The Board of Bible Publication and Sun- 
day-school work. 

" 5. The Board of Home Missions. 

" These special boards shall be regarded as co- 
operative respectively with the general societies of 
the Baptist denomination for the same objects." 

As a result of this organization the American Bap- 
tist Missionary Union, and the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society, and the American Baptist 
Publication Society, have at their service organ- 
ized committees to commend their interest to the 
churches of the State, while other committees are 
intrusted with the care of new and feeble churches, 
and with the duty of aiding young men whom God 
has called to prepare for the gospel ministry. At 
each annual meeting these subjects come up in 
turn for consideration, not as intruders, nor simply 
as welcome visitors, but as the very interests which 
the Convention was organized to serve. 

At the first election of officers. Rev. Robert Pow- 
ell was chosen president, and Rev. Robert Turnbull 
secretary, and the Convention entered on its work 
with hopeful zeal. 

Among the objects for which the Convention was 
formed State missions have naturally occupied a 
prominent place, both because the demand for mis- 
sionary work in the State has been great and con- 
stant, and because in this work the board was not 
auxiliary to any broader organization, but respon- 
sible for the whole direction and accomplishment 
of the enterprise. For a few years it co-operated 
with the American Baptist Home Mission Society 
in the care of the churches in the State, as was the 
case in other States, but in 1875 returned to the 
former plan of separate control. A large propor- 
tion of the ablest and largest churches in the State 
have been fostered by the Convention, and are now 
glad to recognize their indebtedness. 

A second branch of the Convention's work is 
that of Christian and ministerial education. At 
the organization of the Convention appreciative 
recognition was made of the institution at Kala- 
mazoo, and the policy was indicated of having a 
college with full powers. Funds also were then 
proposed for theological education. In 1837 a the- 
ological school was resolved upon. Funds for ben- 
eficiaries were raised and appropriated to students 
at Hamilton. 

In 1846 the establishment of a theological semi- 
nary was determined, grounds were purchased in 
Kalamazoo, and preparations were made for build- 
ing. The seminary was not, and never became, a 



MICHIGAN 



MIDDLEDITCH 



corporation, but was directly controlled by 
the Convention, wliich owned the property, and by 
its board governed the institution. Prof. James A. 
B. Stone, pastor at Kalamazoo, and principal of 
the institute, was placed in charge of the work in 
the beginning, and retained this place for seventeen 
years. Instruction began in 1849, and Rev. Sam- 
uel Graves was added to the faculty in 1851. After 
the institute became Kalamazoo College, its pro- 
fessors taught in the seminary as occasion required. 
In 1866, Dr. Silas Bailey became the principal 
teacher in the seminary, and remained in this ser- 
vice till the fall of 1869, when the failure of his 
health compelled him to retire from all severe labor. 
The funds of the Convention for the support of the 
seminai-y had never been adequate, and after the 
retirement of Dr. Bailey, the seminary at Chicago 
having been established, it was thought not to 
provide at present for distinctively theological edu- 
cation. Meanwhile the funds of the Convention 
which were given for ministerial education are 
sacredly kept for that purpose, and the income is 
appropriated in aiding young men in their prepa- 
ration for the ministry. While the seminary was 
maintained between 50 and 60 students passed from 
its studies into the ministry. 

In 1869, Rev. Thomas W. Merrill offered to the 
Convention the sum of .$8000 for the support of a 
professor in Kalamazoo College, who must be a 
Baptist minister and serve as college pastor-. The 
original endowment was to remain on interest till 
it should amount to $10,000. In 1874 the same 
brother proposed to add $14,000 to a previous gift 
of $1000, for the endowment of scholarships in 
Kalamazoo College, this addition to become avail- 
able in 1880 or at his death. These endowments 
are not at present available, as the notes in which 
Mr. Merrill made payment are not now paying 
interest. For one year, however. Rev. Dr. N. S. 
Burton served in the Merrill Professorship. The 
funds now in possession of the Convention for edu- 
cational purposes, besides the Merrill endowments, 
are about $6000. The Convention also owns the 
grounds on which the upper buildings of Kalama- 
zoo College are situated, worth about $60,000. 

Another enterprise of the Convention was the 
establishment of a weekly religious paper. Con- 
templated in the origin of the Convention, and 
agitated at each of the annual meetings for six 
years, it was undertaken at the meeting in 1841, 
and the first number was issued in January, 1842, 
bearing the name of the Michigan Christian Her- 
ald. It was put in charge of a committee, of which 
Rev. Andrew Tenbi-ook, pastor in Detroit, acted as 
editor, and R. C. Smith and S. N. Kendrick as pub- 
lishers. The second year Rev. Miles Sanford per- 
formed editorial work. After Prof. Tenbrook was 
called to the university, Rev. J. Inglis succeeding 



him as pastor, also filled the editorial chair. With 
the year 1848 began Rev. Marvin Allen's propri- 
etorship of the paper, and Rev. Geo. W. Harris 
assumed editorial care of it. Thence to the death 
of Mr. Allen, in 1861, these co-laborers supplied 
the State with the Herald. The editor gave emi- 
nent satisfaction in his department, and the pub- 
lisher threw his tireless zeal and rare executive 
abilities without reserve into the enterprise. On 
the death of Mr. Allen it was difiicult to find a man 
ready to do his woi"k. The orphaned Herald was 
taken up in Kalamazoo by Brethren Olney, Curtiss, 
Walden, Clark, and Cadman, and continued to 
serve the churches well but its publishers ill. In 
1867 it was deemed expedient to consolidate the 
Herald with the Christian Times, of Chicago, and 
the Witness, of Indianapolis, under the name of 
the Standard, which has since been published in 
Chicago. 

The publication of a weekly Baptist paper for 
Michigan was, however, commenced again in Jan- 
uary, 1873, not by the Convention, but by Rev. L. 
H. Trowbridge as both publisher and editor. This 
paper, which bears the name of the Christian Her- 
ald, is issued from Detroit, and has had a con- 
stantly increasing circulation and a continuous 
growth in power among the churches till now. 

Most of the influence which the Convention has 
exerted has not been of a nature to be easily stated. 
It has produced unity of action among the churches, 
has steadily aided in the collection of funds for 
foreign missions, home missions, and the circula- 
tion of religious books, has provided for the support 
of candidates for the ministry, and has collected 
and published statistics of the denomination in 
Michigan. The meetings from the very beginning 
have been characterized by harmony and an earnest 
desire to serve the interests of Christ's kingdom. 

In Michigan there are 18 Associations, 352 
churches, 307 ordained ministers, and 27,285 mem- 
bers. 

Middleditch, Robert T., D.D., was born in 

Bedfordshire, England, May 22, 1825. His father 
and a brother were Baptist ministers. He became 
a member of a Baptist church at sixteen years of 
age, and was educated at an English seminary for 
missionary students, and in 1844 was sent as a 
missionary to Jamaica, West Indies, by the English 
Baptist Missionary Society. 

In 1846 he came to the United States, and set- 
tled at Lyons Farms, N. J., where he was ordained 
in 1848. In 1850 he settled at Red Bank, N. J., 
where he remained as pastor till 1867. He also 
served the churches of Nyack and Flushing, N. Y., 
as pastor. In all his settlements he met with suc- 
cess. Since 1872 he has been associate editor of the 
Baptist Weekly. He received the honorary degree 
of Doctor of Divinity from Madison University. 



MIKELS 



791 



MILES 



He is the author of that widely-circulated work, 
"A Pedobaptist Church no Home for a Baptist;" 
also a premium mission tract, " The AVorld's Revo- 
lution," published for the Southern Baptist Board ; 
"A Baptist Church, the Christian's Home," and 
" Burmah's Great Missionary." Several sermons 
preached by him have been published. He is an 
able and industrious writer and preacher, as his 
works attest. 

Mikels, Wm. S., D,D., was born in Orange Co., 
N. Y., May 18, 1820. He was graduated from 
Madison University in 1843, and the theological 
seminary at Hamilton, N. Y., in 1845. He was 
ordained pastor of the Baptist church at Rondout, 
N. Y. After four years of service he then settled 
in Sing Sing, where he labored six years. In 1856 
he accepted the pastorate of the Sixteenth Street 
Baptist church, New York, which position he filled 
for seventeen years. This was the great work of 
his life. It was a continuous revival, and many 
hundreds were added to the church. Dr. Mikels 
is a plain, earnest speaker, appealing directly to 
the hearts of the people. As a friend in need, a 
counselor in trouble, and as a peace-maker, he has 
few equals. For some years he has been the pas- 
tor of the East Baptist church, located in the 
Seventh Ward. 

Miles, Rev. Edward, was bom in the arsenal 
at Philadelphia, Nov. 15, 1812 ; baptized in Miles- 
burg, Pa., Nov. 25, 1832; ordained at Milesburg, 
May 15, 1837, and at difi"erent periods served the 
following churches in Pennsylvania: Alleghany, 
Meadville, Freeport, Loyalhannock, Dniontown, 
Zion, Kittanning, New Castle, Brownsville, and Red 
Stone in Union County. June 4, 1852, he took 
charge of the Second church in Davenport, Iowa, 
where he still i-esides. 

Miles, Rev. Frederick W., was bom in New 

Brunswick ; was a graduate of King's College, 
Windsor, Nova Scotia, and was converted while at- 
tending that institution. Subsequently adopting 
Baptist principles, he was baptized. He was for 
some time pastor of the Baptist church in St. John, 
New Brunswick, and afterwards pastor of the 
church at Fredericton, New Brunswick. At the 
opening of the Baptist seminary, in January, 1836, 
in Fredericton, Mr. Miles became its principal, and 
so continued till, to the regret of all, sickness com- 
pelled him to resign. Enthusiastic and energetic 
in his work in the seminary and in the gospel, he 
had the entire confidence of the Baptist denomina- 
tion, and their highest commendation. He died 
February, 1842. 

Miles, Rev. George Frederick, was bom in 

Mangerville, New Brunswick ; converted and bap- 
tized in that province ; ordained pastor in 1846, 
and has been pastor at St. George, Moncton, and 
Sackville, New Brunswick, and also at Amherst, 



Nova Scotia, and now performs a vast amount of 
pastoral and missionary work in Cumberland and 
Colchester Counties, Nova Scotia. 

Miles, Rev. John, in 1662, was ejected from the 
living of Ilston, in Wales, by the Act of Uniform- 
ity. Like a considerable number of Baptists in 
the time of Cromwell's protectorate he was prob- 
ably pastor of a Baptist church, and officiated as a 
preacher in one of the state churches. The law, in 
1662, compelled him to surrender his relations to 
the Establishment, and subjected him otherwise to 
great suff'erings if he would carry out his conscien- 
tious convictions. He had been a very active and 
successful Baptist minister. Backus represents 
him as the " father of the Baptist churches in 
Wales, Avhich began in 1649." This statement re- 
quires some modification, but it is certain that he 
was exceedingly useful in spreading the truth in 
the principality. And had he not been a man of 
strict conscientiousness he would have retained his 
living in the national church and sacrificed his re- 
ligious principles. Many followed this course. 

In 1663 he and' his Baptist friends of Swansea, 
in Wales, came to Massachusetts, and located at a 
place to which they gave the name of their old 
home. They brought their church records with 
them, and they joined together "in a solemn cove- 
nant" (in a church organization) in the house of 
John Butterworth. Mr. Miles was the pastor of 
the American Swanzey church. He was a minis- 
ter of great industry and zeal, and of fearless 
courage. When the Boston brethren suffered 
heavily from the persecuting laws of their Puritan 
brethren, Mr. Miles went to succor them, and 
give such counsel and encouragement as his wide 
experience would readily furnish. He stood his 
ground in Swanzey -against all discouragements 
and threatenings, and proved himself a tower of 
strength to the abused and persecuted Baptists. 
He remained the pastor of Swanzey till his death, 
in 1683. 

Mr. Miles was distinguished for his learning, 
and remarkable for his piety, and such was the 
blessed influence which he exerted, and the deep 
impression which he left, that Backus writes of 
him in 1777, nearly a hundred years after his 
death, " his memory is still precious among us." 
And Mather is compelled to place him and Han- 
serd Knollys among " some godly Anabaptists" 
who came from England. "Both of these," he 
says, " have a respectful character in the churches 
of this wilderness." 

Miles, Gen. Samuel, was born at White Marsh, 
Montgomery Co., Pa., 1739. His grandfather, one 
of the first settlers of this State, was a native 
of Wales. In his sixteenth year Samuel Miles 
joined a company of militia which was ordered to 
Northampton County to defend its inhabitants 



MILES 



792 



MILLER 



from hostile Indians. In his military duties he 
showed such skill and courage that the governor of 
the colony, in 1757, sent him an ensign's commis- 
sion in the troops of Pennsylvania. He was three 




GEN. SAMUEL MILES. 

years in active service, during which he was ad- 
vanced to the command of a company; and he was 
only once slightly wounded. 

At the close of the war he married Catharine, 
daughter of John Wistar, Esq., and entered upon 
housekeeping and commercial pursuits in Philadel- 
phia. His talents and industry secured for him such 
a measure of prosperity that in 1774 he retired 
from business. 

When the Revolutionary agitation began Capt. 
Miles was among the first to show his patriotic 
ardor. In 1776 he became colonel of a regiment of 
riflemen, formed by himself, and composed of his 
neighbors and friends. This body of brave men, 
one thousand strong, was attached to the regular 
army under Washington. On the 28th of August, 
1776, he fought with great gallantry at the battle 
of Long Island, and his riflemen showed a heroism 
worthy of the glorious cause which they represented. 
But the army of freedom was not equal to the forces 
of oppression, and for the time being they were com- 
pelled to give way. With Col. Miles, Gens. Sul- 
livan and Stirling, and eighty-one other officers were 
captured. During his imprisonment he was made 
a brigadier-general for distinguished services in the 
field. After his release he was for a tjme deputy 
quartermaster of the American army for the State 
of Pennsylvania. His military services were of the 



highest importance in the Revolutionary struggle ; 
and his patriotic example exerted an immense in- 
fluence in stirring up the lukewarm, and in putting 
the disloyal to shame. 

After the conclusion of peace he was elected 
mayor of Philadelphia, a position which, for gen- 
erations, has been regarded by its citizens as an 
honor of unusual magnitude, the duties of which 
have generally been discharged by distinguished 
men. The picture of Gen. Miles adorns the office 
of the chief magistrate of Philadelphia at this time, 
surrounded by the portraits of his predecessors and 
successors ; and his biography may be consulted in 
the archives of the mayor's office. Gen. Miles was 
an alderman of Philadelphia, a member of the 
Colonial and State Legislatures, and a judge of the 
Court of Errors and Appeals. He was a man 
whom his fellow-citizens delighted to honor. 

In 1792 he retired again, to a country-seat in 
Montgomery County. Of this place President 
Manning, of Rhode Island College (now Brown 
University), says, "Col. Miles has a most elegant 
seat, gardens, meadows, etc., and a most remark- 
able spring, which turns three wheels in one-fourth 
of a mile from its source. I spent three days very 
agreeably" (there). In that beautiful home, in 
gratifying refined tastes, and in extending a gen- 
erous hospitality to his numerous friends, he spent 
the remainder of his days. He died Sept. 29, 1805, 
in the sixty-seventh year of his age. 

Gen. Miles was a zealous Baptist, and a warm 
friend to every Baptist interest. A lady, a relative 
of the general, who wrote a sketch of his life for 
The Assembly's Magazine of 1806, a Presbyterian 
periodical, says, "A Scotch nobleman was once 
complimented upon the number of offices he had 
filled under the British government, each of which 
was mentioned to him ; ' You have forgotten,' said 
he, ' to mention one of my honors, which I prize 
more than all the rest, and that is the office of an 
elder in my parish church, which I have filled for 
many years.' The same pre-eminence in ecclesias- 
tical over civil honors was possessed by Gen. Miles 
for many years in the Baptist church of Philadel- 
phia." 

The writer means that the general was a Bap- 
tist deacon, and that he esteemed that office his 
chief honor. Grace had so completely moulded 
the heart and character of Gen. Miles, that an in- 
timate friend of nearly twenty years' standing 
" had never once seen him angry." " He loved 
and cherished his country as if he expected to live 
in it forever, and yet he served his God as if he 
constantly felt that he was a stranger in this 
world, and that his citizenship and home were in 
heaven." 

Miller, Rev. Andrew Jackson, was born in 
Hardin Co., Ky., Jan. 7, 1839. He was educated 



MILLER 



793 



MILLER 



at Madison College, Tenn. ; was baptized into the 
fellowship of Mount Zion Baptist church, in Ohio 
Co., Ky. ; licensed to preach in 1859, and was or- 
dained at Cool Spring church, in the same county, 
in 1861. He was pastor for a time at Henderson, 
Ky. Afterwards he preached several years at Car- 
rollton. Mo. In 1877 he returned to Kentucky, 
and took charge of the church at Cloverport. At 
present he is pastor of Zion church in Henderson 
County. He has baptized over 1000 persons, and 
has served the Henderson County Association as 
moderator during the last three years. He is a 
brother of Kev. Dr. A. B. Miller, of Evansville, 
Ind., an able preacher and an efficient pastor. 

Miller, D. Henry, D.D., was born in the Isle 
of Jersey, Oct. 31, 1827. His mother was the 
daughter of one of the heroes of Bunker Hill. His 
father was a native of England. On the death of 
his father Mrs. Miller returned to Boston, where 
her son received his first training. He was grad- 
uated from the Wesleyan Institution in 1845. In 
1849 he received the degree of A.M. from Madison 
University. Soon after the time of his graduation 
he embraced the views of the Baptists, and was 
licensed to preach by the Stanton Street Baptist 
church in New York. In 1847 he was ordained as 
pastor of the Baptist church in North Stonington, 
Conn. In 1849 he organized a church of seven 
members under an old elm-tree in Yonkers, N. Y., 
where he remained until 1857. In that year he 
settled in Meriden, Conn., and in 1861 was com- 
missioned as chaplain of the 15th Regiment Conn. 
Vols. After two years of service in the field, he 
settled as pastor of the First Baptist church of 
Trenton, N. J. In 1866 he received the degree of 
D.D. from Lewisburg University, Pa. In 1867 he 
accepted the pastorate of the Broad Street church 
of Elizabeth, N. J. In 1872 he settled with the 
Worthen Street church in Lowell, Mass., and in 
1873 accepted a call from the Plymouth church in 
New York. In 1875 he took charge of the Noble 
Street church, Brooklyn, where he has been emi- 
nently successful. 

Dr. Miller succeeded Rev. Dr. Dowling, some 
years since, in the editorship of the Baptist Memo- 
rial, in which he continued for several years, until 
its sale and removal from New York. 

Miller, Rev. Harvey, son of Rev. Samuel Mil- 
ler (pastor of old Wallingford church, and first pas- 
tor of Meriden church in 1817), was born in Wal- 
lingford, Conn., April 3, 1814 ; baptized on the day 
he was seventeen years of age by Rev. Simon 
Shailer ; soon began to preach ; in 1832 entered 
Hamilton Theological and Literary Institution, and 
remained four years ; ordained at Ann Arbor, 
Mich., Nov. 23, 1836; returned to Connecticut in 
1838, and became pastor of Baptist church in Mer- 
iden, where he successfully labored eighteen years 
61 



till his death ; died Aug. 27, 1856 ; had an active 
and quick mind : an extensive reader ; often quaint 
in his mode of expression ; laborious worker ; real- 
ized excellent results in his ministry ; beloved and 
honored. 

MiUer, Hon. James, was born in West Phila- 
delphia, Pa., Oct. 22, 1822; was baptized into the 
fellowship of the Blockley church, Philadelphia, 
by Rev. Joseph Hammett, Oct. 22, 1843. He soon 
after became one of the constituent members of 
the First church. West Philadelphia ; but subse- 
quently returned to the Blockley church, where 
for many years he was a faithful member, an hon- 
ored office-bearer, and an efficient Sunday-school 
superintendent. In 1872 he connected himself 
with the Mantua mission interest in West Phila- 
delphia, and by his labors and benefactions largely 
aided the organization and growth of the present 
Mantua church. He was prominently identified 
with the establishment of the Baptist Home of 
Philadelphia, and is still a member of its board of 
trustees. He is also a member of the board of 
curators of the university at Lewisburg, and is 
treasurer of the Pennsylvania Baptist General As- 
sociation and the Philadelphia City Mission. In 
other religious and secular enterprises he is offi- 
cially connected with the management of important 
trusts. For several years he was editor and pro- 
prietor of the Philadelphia Progress. In 1864-65, 
and again in 1869-70, he was chosen to represent 
his fellow-citizens in the Pennsylvania State Legis- 
lature. In all these varied and responsible posi- 
tions he has shown himself to be an able officer, a 
wise counselor, an upright man, and a consistent 
Christian. He was especially devoted to Sunday- 
school work, and much of his time has been spent 
in earnest and successful efforts to so address him- 
self to the young as to make early religious impres- 
sions upon their hearts. Of those whom he has 
thus influenced many will doubtless shine as stars 
in the crown of his rejoicing. 

Miller, Rev. John, was born at Voluntown, 
Conn., Feb. 3, 1775; experienced a saving change 
in his eighteenth year ; removed to Abington, 
Luzerne Co., Pa., Feb. 18, 1802. Here he lived 
and labored until his decease, Feb. 19, 1857, in his 
eighty-third year. His wife was the fifth lady in 
the settlement. On the 18th of October, 1802, the 
Abington Baptist church was recognized, and the 
same day he was ordained as its pastor, and he 
served them with singular ability and success until 
1853, — a period of over fifty yeai-s. But service in 
this single church was not enough to satisfy the 
longing desires of his heart. " He cultivated as 
his field the northern part of Luzerne County, 
with portions of Wyoming and Susquehanna 
Counties, embracing the large area commencing 
on the summit of the Moosie Mountain on the 



MILLER 



794 



MILLER 



northeast, and extending down its southwestern 
slope over the Abington hills, and beyond the 
waters of the Susquehanna." The immense labor 
required for the work could not easily be con- 
ceived, much less performed, by ministers used to 
the ordinary comforts of the present day. Ben- 
ton, Blakely, Clifford, Carbondale, Eaton, Exeter, 
Newton, Novthnioreland, Pittston, Providence, 
Greenfield, and Tunkhannock are churches located 
now in what was then the geographical field of 
this hardy missionary and pastor. Such were the 
herculean labors of this man, performed without 
remuneration, amid winter's cold and summer's 
heat, on foot or on horseback, in dangers seen 
and unseen, but with unfaltering faith and glow- 
ing desire to fulfill the ministry given him in 
the dispensation of grace. And the fruits were 
more abundant than the labor. He baptized not 
far from 2000 converts, attended nearly as many 
funerals. Six whole churches, and parts of six 
others, the results of his ministry, have become 
independent bodies ; seven preachers of the gos- 
pel have been raised up in the one church, and 
an influence all-pervading had leavened the entire 
field. 

After a ministry of fifty-three years he lingered 
for a few weeks in great pain, but was calmly re- 
leased, in the full possession of his mental powers, 
on Thursday, Feb. 19, 1857. 

Miller, Col. John Blount, was born in Charles- 
ton, S. C, on the 16th of September, 1782. He 
studied law at an early age, and was the first notary 
public ever appointed for Sumter County. His dili- 
gence and accuracy in business soon gave him a 
large and lucrative practice, and the highest re- 
spect of the bench and bar. 

He joined the Baptist church. High Hills of 
Santee, in early life, and his devotion as a Chris- 
tian was even greater than he had exhibited in his 
legal profession. 

In 1817 he was appointed commissioner and 
register in equity, which office he held until his 
death, on the 21st of October, 1851. He was elected 
to the Legislature in the next winter, and re-elected 
for each term while he lived. 

He was a captain, major, and lieutenant-colonel 
successively in the war of 1812. Hence the title 
of colonel, by which he was ever afterward known. 

Miller, Rev. Manoah D., of Madison, Wis., 

was born Feb. 15, 1811, in Elizabethtown, N. J. 
His parents were Manoah and Elizabeth Miller. 
They were Baptists, and their Christian lives and 
example made a deep impression on him, and con- 
tributed largely in shaping the future of their son. 
His father was a judge of the Supreme Court of 
New York. In early life he obtained a hope in 
Christ and united with the Baptist Church. He 
completed the full literary and theological course 



of Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution. 
He was ordained at Monkton, Vt., and became the 
pastor of the Baptist church in that place. He 
subsequently served as pastor the churches at' 
Springfield, Danville, Windham, Wilmington, and 
Addison, in Vermont. He received the honorary 
degree of A.M. from Middlebury College. In 
January, 1853, he came to Madison, Wis., which 
has been his place of residence since that time. 
When he came to Madison the Baptist church 
there had no church edifice. He at once led the 
church in the work of building, and succeeded in 
enlisting the city generally in the movement to 
such an extent as to secure the best edifice for the 
church, and the most centrally located of any in 
the place. He was in that early day an active and 
very useful pastor. He did much outside of his 
church to organize the missionary and educational 
work of the State. 

In June, 1857, owing to impaired health re- 
quiring his retirement from the active work of the 
ministry, he organized the Wisconsin Bank of 
Madison, which institution he managed with honor 
and success until 1861, when he closed it. He con- 
tinued banking in other forms and connected with 
other business until 1876, when he withdrew from 
active business. He is now living in retirement 
near the city of Madison. He has always taken 
the liveliest interest in the Baptist church of which 
he was the pastor, and of which he has continued 
an active and useful member. 

Miller, E.eV. R. M., was born in Sevier Co., 
Tenn., Nov. 3, 1815. He died April 22, 1871. Pro- 
fessed religion when fifteen years of age, and began 
to preach in early life. He was ordained July 8, 
1843. Revs. John Woody, Thos. Jackson, and 
John Avery composed the Presbytery. Mr. Miller 
labored in Johnson, Cass, and Pulaski Counties. 
He was unwearied in work, and he was successful. 
He was stricken with paralysis, and died soon 
after. 

Miller, Rev. T. Doughty, was born in New 
York, Sept. 19, 1835. He was brought up in the 
Episcopal Church. He was converted in 1850; 
shortly afterwards he pursued classical and theo- 
logical studies at St. Augustine's Institute, N. Y., 
with a view to the ministry of the Episcopal Chui-ch. 
He was principal of a public school in Trenton for. 
three years, and he held the same position sub- 
sequently in Newburgh, N. Y. In 1856, having 
learned the truth more perfectly, he was baptized in 
the Hudson River with his wife at Newburgh. In 
August, 1858, he was ordained pastor of the Mount 
Zion Colored Baptist church, of New Haven, Conn. 
In this church and in Albany his labors were 
greatly blessed in winning souls to Jesus. 

In 1864 he accepted a call from the First African 
Baptist church of Philadelphia. In this old com- 



MILLETT 



795 



MILTON 



munity he soon became a great favorite, and the 
seal of the Spirit was given to his ministrations. 
The membership is three times more numerous 
than when he assumed the pastorate. Under his 
guidance the church purchased a larger edifice in 
a better locality, which is now entirely paid for 
through the liberality of the members and the 
generous gifts of friends in the white churches, who 
appreciate the talents and piety of Mr. Miller. His 
enlarged edifice is filled, and his usefulness is 
visible to all that know the community over which 
he so worthily presides. 

Since his settlement in Philadelphia the First 
African church has sent out a missionary to the 
land of their fathers, and four young men who 
have become successful pastors in Wilmington, 
Baltimore, New Bedford, and in the Indian Terri- 
tory. 

Mr. Miller was appointed to preach the intro- 
ductory sermon before the Philadelphia Associa- 
tion in 1879 ; he was the first colored man that 
ever occupied the position, and he was not placed 
in it through political bias, but as a simple recog- 
nition of his Christian worth ; his sermon showed 
the propriety of the choice. Mr. Miller is a man 
of scholarly tastes ; he is the best colored preacher 
ever located in Philadelphia, and his piety is of a 
high order. 

Millett, Rev. Joshua, was born in Leeds, Me., 
Jan. 26, 1803. He took part of the collegiate 
course of study at Waterville, and then went to the 
Newton Theological Institution, where he graduated 
in the class of 1835. His ordination took place at 
Charleston, Me., Jan. 6, 1836, where he remained 
two years, and then went to Cherryfield, where he 
was pastor five years. Afterwards he removed to 
Wayne, where he continued until his death, March 
10, 1848. 

Mr. Millett was the author of" A History of the 
Baptists in Maine," in which he has gathered up 
many facts about men and things in that State 
which were fast passing into oblivion. Future 
historians of denominational matters in Maine will 
be grateful for the careful and useful work which 
he has done. 

Milliken, Rev. L. H., was bom Aug. 21, 1813, 

in Logan Co., Ky. He was educated in Nashville, 
Tenn., graduating Oct. 3, 1838. He professed re- 
ligion Dec. 27, 1832, in Logan Co., Ky., and was 
baptized into the fellowship of the Whippoorwill 
Baptist church. Law County, by Rev. R. T. Ander- 
son, and ordained at the instance of Pleasant Grove 
church, by Revs. Wm. Warder, 0. H. Morrow, and 
R. T. Anderson. Mr. Milliken spent a year in 
evangelistic labors in North Alabama; came to 
Memphis, Tenn., in the winter of 1839, and took 
charge of the First Baptist church one year. In 
the winter of 1841 went to Somerville, Fayette Co., 



Tenn., where he remained teaching, and preaching 
to Somerville Baptist church until the winter of 
1851, when, upon invitation of the church of that 
city, he removed to Aberdeen, Miss., where he 
labored six years. In the spring of 1856 he ac- 
cepted a call to -Jackson, Miss., where nearly four 
years were spent. In 1860 he removed to his plan- 
tation in Hardeman Co., Tenn., near Grand Junc- 
tion, to recruit his health from excessive and long- 
continued labor. In 1862 he became chaplain of 
the 13th Tenn. Regiment, C. S. A., and he contin- 
ued in that office until the winter before the close 
of the war. 

Since the war he has been engaged in teaching 
and preaching the gospel. Through his efforts a 
substantial house of worship has been built in La 
Grange, Tenn., costing S5000, and the foundation 
of another has been laid in Somerville, Tenn., the 
county seat of Fayette County, the estimated cost 
of which is $8000, with a fair prospect of comple- 
tion. Mr. Milliken is possessed of more than ordi- 
nary ability and of great piety. 

Mills, J. H., was born in Halifax Co., Va., July 
9, 1831 ; was baptized by his father ; graduated 
with first distinction at Wake Forest in the class 
with Judge W. T. Faircloth of the Supreme Court 
of North Carolina and Dr. T. H. Pritchard ; be- 
came pi-esident of Oxford Female College in 1855 ; 
bought the Biblical Recorder in 1867, which he 
conducted with success for six years ; organized the 
Oxford Orphan Asylum in 1873, of which he has 
been the superintendent ever since. This noble 
charity, which has fed, clothed, and educated hun- 
dreds of poor orphan children, has been sustained 
almost altogether by the unaided efforts of this 
most benevolent and energetic man, and a rich 
heritage of blessing will rest upon him and his 
forever for his " works of faith and labors of love." 

Mills, Prof. L. R., was born in Halifax Co., 
Va., Aug. 17, 1840; baptized by Dr. Wingate, Oct. 
19, 1859. He graduated at Wake Forest College 
in 1861, and served four years in the late war. He 
has been Pi'ofessor of Mathematics in Wake Forest 
College since 1871. Prof. Mills was for several 
years secretary of the board of education, and is 
a very effective speaker. He is now bursar of Wake 
Forest College, and one of the rising men of the 
State. 

Milton, John, was born in London, Dec. 9, 1608. 
His father was a man of taste and of ample re- 
sources, and John had everything to contribute to 
his proper training. When he was only twelve 
years of age he had an irresistible desire to acquire 
information, and would sit up till midnight reading, 
though seriously afilicted with weak eyes and with 
severe pains in the head. At fifteen he turned 
some of the Psalms into beautiful stanzas. Before 
he went to the University of Cambridge, which he 



MILTON 



796 



MILTON 



entered when he was sixteen years and two months 
old, he was an advanced classical scholar, and he 
was well acquainted with ancient and modern the- 




ories of philosophy. He studied seven years 
Cambridge. 

When he left the university he came to 
with his father at Horton, in Buckinghamshire, 
with whom he stayed for several years. This pe- 
riod he spent in reading, in learned investigations, 
and in giving to the world several pieces of ex- 
quisite poetry. He could translate with the great- 
est ease Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French, Italian, and 
Spanish, and his works carried marks of the wealth 
of universal learning. They speedily became 
known all over Europe, and especially in Italy, so 
that when he visited that country, in 1639, he was 
received with extraordinary enthusiasm and honor, 
the leading men in literary and scientific pursuits 
treating him as if he were Virgil or Dante return- 
ing to visit the glorious land in which they spent 
their earthly lives. Milton was rudely recalled 
from his Italian ovations by the fierce conflicts of 
his countrymen, and for twenty years he wielded 
his pen for liberty with a power almost surpassing 
that of the sword of Cromwell, the greatest war- 
rior of the whole Anglo-Saxon race. Milton was 
a republican arsenal stored with intellectual wea- 
pons, which he could use with so much ease, and 
with such fatal effect, that no man could stand be- 
fore him. Among his countrymen there was not 
another with his intellect, his culture, and his skill 
in using his mighty arms. The royalists, with 



good reason, dreaded and hated him. Cromwell 
and his followers cherished him with a tender af- 
fection. 

He was the Latin secretary of Cromwell during 
his entire protectorate. Latin was the language 
of diplomacy and of courts in their business re- 
lations with each other. It was Milton that wrote 
the dispatches which made the Duke of Savoy 
tremble on his petty throne and drop the bloody 
sword with which he was inflicting martyrdom 
upon the godly Waldenses. If Cromwell forged 
his own thunderbolts, his Latin secretary hurled 
them forth with such a force that their execution 
was fatal to every plot conceived against Protest- 
antism or England. 

Milton was married three times. His last wife 
survived him for many years, and was buried in 
Nantwich, Cheshire, in the Baptist chapel. She 
had been for a long period a member of the Bap- 
tist church of Nantwich. 

The work with which Milton'sfame is now chiefly 
connected is " Paradise Lost." It was published 
in 1667. The author was paid £5 for it, and he 
was to receive £5 more for every 1300 copies sold. 
He received £10 from the immortal poem, and his 
widow sold the copyright for £8. " Paradise Lost" 
altogether brought the author and his wife less 
than ninety dollars ! Such compensation for the 
most sublime production ever created by human 
genius ! 

How Milton escaped the axe or the halter of 
Charles II. history does not tell. It is a circum- 
stance so singular that it seems almost miraculous. 

Milton had very decided religious convictions. 
His principal error was a peculiar view about the 
person of Christ, tending somewhat towards Arian- 
ism. His general opinions, however, were those 
of the Baptist denomination. He believed, for 
example, that it was not lawful for any power on 
earth to exercise compulsion over the conscience in 
religious matters ; that the Word of God was the 
only authority in Christ's earthly kingdom ; that 
the government of a church was purely congrega- 
tional, as contrasted with the usurpations of popes, 
prelates, and presbyteries ; and that the members 
of a church should be regenerated persons. His 
opinion about imputation is sounder than the doc- 
trine of the great theologian of Kittering. He 
says, "As therefore our sins are imputed to Christ, 
so the merit or righteousness of Christ is imputed 
to us through faith. It is evident therefore that 
this justification, in so far as we are concerned, is 
gratuitous; in so far as Christ is concerned, not 
gratuitous, inasmuch as Christ paid the ransom for 
our sins, which he took upon him by imputation." 
The great poet and the great apostle see alike on 
this blessed subject. 

In his " Treatise on Christian Doctrine" Milton 



MIMS 



797 



MINER 



gives a clear account of his views of the mode and 
eubjects of baptism. He says, " Under* the gospel 
the first of the sacraments, commonly so called, is 
baptism, vrherein the bodies of believers who en- 
gage themselves to pureness of life are immersed 
in running water to signify their regeneration by 
the Holy Spirit, and their union with Christ in 
his death, burial, and resurrection. Hence it fol- 
lows that infants are not to be baptized, inasmuch 
as they are incompetent to receive instruction or 
believe, or to enter into a covenant, or to promise 
■or answer for themselves, or even to hear the Word. 
For how can infants that understand not the Word 
be purified thereby, any more than adults can re- 
ceive edification by hearing an unknown language? 
For it is not the outward baptism which purifies 
only the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good 
•conscience, as Peter testifies, of which infants are 
incapable." The poet then proceeds to refute the 
arguments, now threadbare, by which Pedobaptists 
in that day urged the baptism of children. And 
when Milton concludes he has left infant baptism 
without any authority or even pretext for its ex- 
istence. 

In regard to the mode and subjects of baptism, 
Milton, in "Paradise Lost," expresses the same 
•opinion as he gives in his " Treatise on Christian 
Doctrine," — 

.... "them who shall belieoe 
Baptizing in the profluent stream, the sign 
Of washing them from guilt of sin to life 
Pure, and in mind prepared, if so befall 
For death, like that which the Eedeemer died." 

xii. 441. 

His "Treatise on Christian Doctrine" was written 
in Latin, and translated in 1825 by Sumner, who 
afterwards became bishop of Winchester. 

Milton in his old age was blind. The Conventi- 
cle Act suspended heavy penalties over all who 
a.ttended religious services other than Episcopalian, 
for which Milton had no relish, and he stayed at 
home and read his Bible, determined to give the 
government no opportunity to inflict vengeance on 
the most talented enemy of the house of Stuart. 
He died Nov. 8, 1674. Macaulay says, " Though 
there were many clever (talented) men in England 
-during the latter half of the seventeenth century, 
there were only two minds which possessed the 
imaginative faculty in a very eminent degree ; one 
•of these produced ' Paradise Lost,' the other ' The 
Pilgrim's Progress.' " John Bunyan and John 
3Iiltont were both Baptists. 

Mims, Prof. James S., was born in Columbus 
fOo., N. C, Feb. 10, 1817. He wished to be bap- 
tized before he was twelve years of age, but his 

* Treatise on Christian Doctrine, pp. 431-2. London, 1825. 
t Ivimey's Life of Milton, p. 104. London, 1833. 



father, fearing he might be acting prematurely, 
kept him back until he was about thirteen. 

He desired immediately to commence preaching, 
but his father again restrained him for a short 
time. Having heard his son speak in a prayer- 
meeting, he gave his consent, and the church at 
Fayetteville licensed him to preach. 

He went first to Chapel Hill, but close applica- 
tion injuring his health, he was compelled to re- 
turn home. He next studied privately with Prof. 
J. C. Furman for eighteen months, and then en- 
tered Furman Theological Institution. Having 
spent a year there, he went to Newton, where he 
graduated in 1842. 

In the autumn of the same year he was elected 
Professor of Theology in Furman University, and 
entered on the duties of his office in January, 184.3, 
and continued there until his death, which hap- 
pened in June, 1855. 

He was oi'dained at Society Hill, S. C, in July, 
1843, by Brethren J. C. and Richard Furman, J. 0. 
B. Dargan, and John Culpepper. Although emi- 
nently fitted for the pastorate, his brethren claimed 
his services in preparing others for that ofiBce. 

His face correctly and plainly indicated the 
leading features of his mind, — gentleness and 
firmness, native talent and high culture, in short, 
every characteristic of the highest order of a Chris- 
tian gentleman. But his "sun went down while 
it was yet day." 

Miner, E.ev. Ashur, was born in North Ston- 
ington. Conn., Jan. 30, 1772 ; ordained in 1805 ; 
for ten years associate pastor with Rev. Simeon 
Brown of the Second Baptist church in North 
Stonington ; on the death of the aged minister, 
Nov. 24, 1815, he became sole pastor, and con- 
tinued in that office until his death; was the co- 
temporary of Revs. Jonathan Miner, John G. 
Wightman, Roswell Burrows, Elihu Chesebrough, 
John Sterry, Wm. Palmer, the Darrows, and the 
Babcocks ; enjoyed a number of powerful revivals ; 
received nearly 500 into the church ; died Sept. 1, 
1836, in his sixty-fifth yeai'. 

Miner, Rev. Bradley, was born in North Ston- 
ington, Conn., July 18, 1808. He joined the Bap- 
tist church in his native place when he was but 
thirteen years of age. He began to preach at sev- 
enteen. He taught for four or five years, com- 
bining study with teaching. He was for some time 
at Newton, and then went to Hamilton, N. Y. 
His ordination occurred in 1830, when he accepted 
a call to the First Baptist church in Fall River. 
After three years of service with this church, he 
spent the next three years partly in Pawtucket 
and partly in Woonsocket, R. I., from which place 
he removed to Neponset, Mass., and was pastor of 
the church in that village for nine years. In 1846 
he went to Pittsfield, Mass., and, as in other places, 



MINER 



798 



MINISTERS 



a rich blessing attended his labors. He removed 
to the South Baptist church in Providence, with 
•which the Fifth Baptist church united, and the 
church thus composed, under the guidance of their 
energetic pastor, erected the Friendship Street 
church. After a ministry of nearly twenty-eight 
years, Mr. Miner died in October, 1854. With a 
warm, ardent temperament, and thoroughly con- 
secrated to his work, he was the means of accom- 
plishing no small amount of good in the different 
fields in which he was called to labor. 

Miner, Rev. George Herman, son of Deacon 

Leland and Bridget W. (Main) Miner, was born in 
North Stonington, Conn., Sept. 15, 1835, of a his- 
toric Baptist family ; well trained ; taught two 
years in Bacon Academy, Conn., and two years in 
Marion Collegiate Institute in New York ; pre- 
pared for college in the Connecticut Literary Insti- 
tution, at Suffield ; graduated with honor from 
Brown University in 1863 ; studied theology ; or- 
dained as pastor of the Central Falls Baptist church 
in Lincoln, R. I., in August, 1864, and remained 
four years; in September, 1868, became pastor of 
the Second Baptist church in Cambridge, Mass., 
and continued until 1872 ; in October of that year 
settled as pastor of the Baptist church in Newbury- 
port, Mass., and labored four years ; in October, 
1876, accepted the pastorate of the Baptist church 
in New Britain, Conn., where he is now laboring 
with his characteristic ability and wonted success ; 
devoutly wields a ready eloquence and good pen. 

Miner, Rev. Jonathan, was ordained by the 
First Baptist church in Groton, Conn., in Feb- 
ruary, 1814 ; the same year settled as fourth pas- 
tor of the First Baptist church in North Ston- 
ington, Conn., and remained twenty years ; his 
labors were followed by very powerful revivals in 
1814, 1822, 1828, and in 1831 ; a man of strong 
native talents, fervent piety, and clear doctrinal 
views ; a superior preacher ; died in 1844. The 
second pastor of this church was Rev. Eleazar 
Brown ; ordained Jan. 24, 1770 ; died June 20, 
1795. The third pastor was Rev. Peleg Randall ; 
ordained Oct. 25, 1792; settled, 1795; resigned, 
1813. 

Miner, Rev. Simon G., was born in Brookfield, 
Madison Co., N. Y., March 8, 1808, being the son 
of Absalom and Mary Miner. He believes that 
his conversion took place when he was at the 
age of five years. When twelve years old he 
was strongly convinced of his duty to be baptized 
and unite with the church ; but the scruples then 
so common with reference to early conversion 
caused a postponement until his twenty-first year. 
He was then baptized into the fellowship of the 
church of his native town by Rev. Mr. Kelsey. 
The family having removed to Friendship, Alle- 
ghany Co., his impressions, for some time enter- 



tained, as to his duty to preach the gospel, then 
took more decided form. They were shared also 
by the deacons of the church, in which he was at 
length, in the absence of the pastor, quite unex- 
pectedly called upon to fill the pulpit. He com- 
plied, and was then regularly licensed by the 
church, the date of this ofiicial act being January, 
1830. Up to this time he had been engaged in 
farming. He now abandoned this business, and 
began a course of study at Hamilton. His health 
failing, by advice of the faculty and of his phy- 
sician he left the institution and began the active 
duties of the ministry, being oi'dained at Rushford 
in August, 1834. His pastorates in the State of 
New York were with the Rushford, Farmerville, 
and Penfield churches, some months, meanwhile, 
being spent in the service of the Genesee Sunday- 
School Union. In 1837, in association with Rev. 
Alfred Bennett, he was appointed by the New 
York State Convention a delegate to the General 
Convention of Western Baptists, held that year in 
Cincinnati. This resulted in his removal to the 
West. His first field of labor was at Lafayette and 
Crawfordsville, Ind. In July, 1841, he became 
pastor of the church in Franklin, after one year 
being recalled to Lafayette, where his labors were 
resumed, and a house of worship built. In 1847 
he accepted an appointment as agent of the Mis- 
sionary Union, serving one year. He then became 
pastor of the church in Canton, 111., the pastorate 
continuing some ten years, characterized by rich 
blessings, so that the church grew to be one of the 
strongest in the State, 490 being added by baptism. 
After a year of service as secretary of the General 
Association, Mr. Miner was recalled to Canton, 
and continued in this second pastorate until 1861. 
He then entered the service of the Union as a chap- 
lain in the army, remaining in it three years. His- 
health becoming impaired, he engaged in business 
at Bloomington at the close of the war, and has- 
since served churches as a supply, or acting pastor. 
His whole period of service has been one of signal • 
usefulness, alike in the gathering of converts and 
the successful administration of church affairs. 

Ministers. — The office of the Christian minister 
was created by God himself, and its existence is to 
be defended by all the power of the churches. It 
is the province of the minister to feed the flock of 
Christ committed to his charge, to preach the glor- 
ious gospel of the blessed God to the perishing, ta 
see that the church is kept free from heresy and 
sin, and to administer baptism and the Lord's Sup- 
per. The minister should be " blameless, the hus- 
band of one wife, vigilant, sober, of good behavior,, 
given to hospitality, apt to teach." He should be 
free from all vices, and " have a good report of 
them who- are without." 

The official authority of all ministers is exactly 



MINNESOTA 



799 



MINNESOTA 



equal ; they are all bishops, and each Ijishup is but 
an elder. Prelacy and diocesan episcopacy are un- 
known in the New Testament. The church of 
Ephesus, a single congregation, recent in organiza- 
tion, had elders or presbyters, and these elders 
were called overseers [npEtypvTepovg emaKonovr) by the 
apostle Paul, that is, bishops, as the Greek text in- 
forms us, Acts XX. 17, 28. A bishop, like a Romish, 
Greek, Anglican, or Methodist prelate, had no ex- 
istence among the oEBcers of apostolic churches, as 
there were several bishops in one congregation. 
St. Jerome, in the fourth century, repeatedly con- 
firms this statement, one quotation from whom we 
will give. Commenting on Titus i. 5, 7, he says, " A 
presbyter is the same as a bishop, and until, by the 
instigation of the devil, there arose divisions in re- 
ligion, and it was said among the people, ' I am of 
Paul, and I of Apollos, and I of Cephas,' churches 
were governed by a common council of the presby- 
ters. Afterwards truly, every one reckoned those 
to be his, not Christ's, whom he baptized. Then 
it was decreed over the world that one of the pres- 
byters should be placed over the rest, to whom the 
whole care of the church should belong,"* etc. 
Jerome was undoubtedly right about the original 
equality of gospel ministers, and about the agency 
which reared Christian hierarchies. 

Ministers should be supported by the people for 
whom they labor. " Even so," says Paul, " hath 
the Lord ordained that they who preach the gospel 
should live of the gospel." 

Ministers are chosen by the churches, and or- 
dained by brethren summoned for that purpose by 
the authority and invitation of the churches. God 
calls eveiy true minister to his work, the churches 
recognize his voice and obey it, by placing those 
whom he has selected as watchmen upon the walls 
of Zion. 

Minnesota Baptists, Historical Sketch of.— 
The First Baptist church of St. Paul was the first 
church of our denomination organized in the State 
of Minnesota. The Rev. John P. Parsons, under 
the appointitient of the Baptist Home Mission So- 
ciety, came to St. Paul in May, 1849. After a 
search of six months for Baptists he found twelve 
persons in St. Paul and vicinity who were ready 
for the formation of a church. The organization 
took place Dec. 30, 1849. The first baptism was 
administered in April, 1851. The first meeting- 
house was built the same year, and the funeral ser- 
vice of its pastor was the first held within its walls. 

The church grew in numbers, both by conver- 
sion and by letter, until they were compelled to 



* Idem est ergo presbyter, qui et episcopiis et antequam diaboli 
instinctu, studia in religione fierent, et diceretur in populis . . . 
communi presbyteronim coucilio, ecclesise gubernabautur. Hie- 
rom., torn. vi. 19S. Colonia;, 1616. For a full discussion of this sub- 
ject, see Cathcart's " Papal System," p. 57. Philadelphia. 



build a larger house of worship, which they en- 
tered on New Year's morning, 1863. The little 
Indian trading-post had now become a commercial 
city. The church continued to enjoy the divine 
presence until it was again found necessary to erect 
a more spacious house, which was built, and for 
the first time occupied May 30, 1875. The edifice 
cost 8130,000, and it is now free from debt, with 
money in the treasury of the church. This church 
is a child of the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society, as indeed most of the churches in Minne- 
sota are. It has had eight good pastors. The long- 
est pastorate was that of Rev. J. D. Pope, covering 
a period of nine years. Some of the membership 
have fallen asleep. Prominent among these we 
mention the name of the Hon. Horace Thompson, a 
brother of great wealth, and a generous giver to 
the cause of Christ. Others who have gone to 
the better land have left a worthy record. Among 
the living we mention Deacon A. H. Cavender, a 
constituent member, and D. D. Merill, who for a 
period of about sixteen years has held the position 
of treasurer of the Minnesota Baptist State Conven- 
tion. Many others are worthy, and would receive 
honorable mention if space permitted. Five of 
the Sunday-school scholars and one Sunday-school 
superintendent are now preaching the gospel. 

The First Baptist church, Minneapolis, was or- 
ganized March 5, 1853, with ten members. It was 
publicly recognized June 23, 1853. For one year 
it was supplied with occasional preaching by Rev. 
Edwin W. Cressey and Rev. T. B.' Rogers, both of 
whom were missionaries of the Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society. They have since enjoyed the labors 
of seven worthy pastors, viz. : Rev. A. A. Russell, 
Rev. Amory Gale, Rev. J. R. Manton, L. B. Allen, 
D.D., Rev. W. T. Lowry, Rev. T. W. Powell, Rev. 
H. C. Woods. This church and the First church 
of St. Paul are and have been towers of strength 
to the cause of Christ in Minnesota. 

In June, 1852, Rev. T. R. Cressey became pastor 
of the Baptist church of St. Paul, and incipient 
measures were taken by him for the organization 
of the Minnesota Baptist Association. A call 
having been extended, delegates from four churches 
convened in St. Paul, Sept. 24, 1852. The churches 
represented were St. Paul, St. Anthony, Stillwater, 
and Willow River, now Hudson, Wis. The com- 
bined membership of these four churches was 82 ; 
60 of this number were residents of Minnesota. 
This was the entire number of Baptists then in 
Minnesota so far as known. At the second annual 
meeting the aggregate membership of the churches 
was 180. The third annual meeting showed a con- 
stituency in the churches of 202. The fourth a 
membership of 331. The fifth anniversary was 
held in Minneapolis, at which sixteen churches 
were represented, having in all 349 members. 



MINNESOTA 



800 



MIRICK 



STATE CONVENTION. 
The following statement pertaining to the organi- 
zation of the Minnesota Baptist State Convention 
we copy from the minutes of the Convention of 
1861: 

" As early as the summer of 1858, many brethren 
thought that a State organization was demanded 
by the interests of the denomination. At the an- 
niversary of the Minnesota Baptist Association of 
that year a committee was appointed to take the 
matter into consideration. This committee recom- 
mended the formation of a State Convention, and im- 
mediately after the adjournment of the Association 
a meeting was called for that purpose, when a pre- 
liminary organization was effected, of which Hon. 
J. H. Keith was President, Rev. J. D. Pope, Sec- 
retary, and William Wakefield, Esq., Treasurer." 

But little was done that year, except to procure a 
charter and prepare the way for future operations. 
The first annual meeting was held at Winona, 
Aug. 29, 1859, when the Convention assumed a 
permanent form by the adoption of the charter and 
constitution. The principal officers were re-elected. 
The board agreed to raise $200 towards the salary 
of Rev. A. Gale, exploring missionai-y of the Amer- 
ican Baptist Home Mission Society for Minnesota. 
The second anniversary of the Convention was 
held at Minneapolis, Sept. 7, 1860. The meeting 
was largely attended, and manifested a commend- 
able interest in the work of the Convention. J. D. 
Ford, M.D., was elected President, Rev. J. D. 
Pope, Secretary, and Wm. Wakefield, Esq., Treas- 
urer. The members of the Convention pledged 
$200 for colporteur work, with the understanding 
that two colporteurs would be employed through 
the year. The services of Rev. B. Wharton and 
Brother G. L. Case were secured in connection 
with the American Baptist Publication Society. 

The third anniversary of the State Convention 
was held in Owatonna in 1861, and reveals a grati- 
fying advance. The number of ministers then in 
the State was 68 ; number of churches, 96 ; num- 
ber of Associations, 6 ; with a total membership 
of 2384. At the close of the first decade of con- 
ventional work (1868) the statistics show seven 
Associations, with a membership of 3940. In 1869 
the board report that ten of the churches in the 
State are self-supporting. The whole number of 
Associations reported at the last anniversary (1879), 
counting the Scandinavian Baptist Conference as 
one, is eight, and the total membership in the State 
is 6854. The three churches reporting the largest 
membership are First Minneapolis, 421 ; First St. 
Paul, 346 ; First Rochester, 245. 

EDUCATIONAL HISTORY. 
Early in the history of the State an effort was 
made to found a university. A charter was ob- 



tained and a primary building erected in the city 
of Hastings, but the financial embarrassments which 
occurred in 1857 and 1858 were so severe as to fatally 
cripple the enterprise. For a number of years no 
further effort was made to found a literary institu- 
tion, but at the annual meeting of the State Con- 
vention, in the autumn of 1874, a "centennial 
committee" was appointed, who reported favorably, 
and at the annual meeting of the Convention, in 
1875, three committees were appointed : 1. On 
location for an academy. 2. On finance. 3. On 
charter. The committee on location recommended 
the city of Owatonna as an eligible place for Min- 
nesota Academy. The report was adopted. The 
committee on finance were authorized at the same 
meeting to erect an academic building, and if 
their judgment approved, to commence a school. 
At the next Conventional meeting (1877) a build- 
ing had been erected at an expense of $4400, five 
teachers were employed, and a school in successful 
operation having 101 students. During the fol- 
lowing winter the committee on charter obtained 
from the Legislature a revision of the old univer- 
sity charter, under which the Minnesota Academy 
was organized. The finance committee is to be 
perpetual, having entire charge of the pecuniary 
affairs of the institution. The endowment fund 
now amounts to $5500. The academy is already 
doing a noble service for sound learning. It re- 
ceives much encouragement from Congressman M. 
H. Bunnell, a member of the Baptist church in 
Owatonna, who is deeply interested in the educa- 
tional affairs of the State, and from other enlight- 
ened and liberal Baptists. 

In 1880 there were in Minnesota 9 Associa- 
tions, 154 churches, 112 ordained ministers, and 
7056 church members. 

Mirick, Rev. Stephen H., was born in Salem, 
Mass., Jan. 9, 1819. After having been prepared 
for college in the Latin grammai'-school in his na- 
tive town, he entered Waterville College, Me., and 
graduated in August, 1838, receiving in course the 
degree of A.M. in 1841. Removing South, he 
taught school in St. Helena Parish, La., during 
1839 ; and during 1840 was engaged in the prepar- 
atory department of the University of Louisiana. 
In the fall of 1840 he entered Newton Theological 
Seminary, and finished the course there in 1843. 
After leaving the seminary, he preached for the 
Central Baptist church, Philadelphia, for six 
months, and was ordained in November, 1843, the 
sermon being delivered by the Rev. R. E. Pattison, 
D.D., and the charge by the Rev. Stephen Chapin, 
D.D. Removing to Charlottesville, Va., he sup- 
plied the Baptist church in that place for some 
months, after which he opened a seminary for 
young ladies, in 1845, which he conducted with 
much success during eight years. He then removed 



MISSIONARY 



801 



MISSISSIPPI 



to Washington, D. C, where he succeeded the Rev. 
R. W. Cushman, D.D., as principal of a young 
ladies' school. After fouryears' labor in this field, 
he felt it to be his duty to relinquish teaching and 
give himself wholly to the work of the ministry. 
Accordingly he became pastor of the First Baptist 
church in Camden, N. J., remaining a year, and 
removed, in 1859, to Lewisburg, Pa., where he took 
charge of the Baptist church, continuing pastor 
until 1866. During his pastorate in Lewisburg, he 
acted as Professor of Greek in the university at 
that place, while the president was absent com- 
pleting the endowment fund. Owing to a bronchial 
disease contracted mainly by exposure during the 
war, he removed to Washington, D. C, where he 
entered into government employ in February, 1867. 
Mr. Mirick has frequently contributed to our re- 
ligious newspapers and periodicals ; was the Wash- 
ington editor of the True Union, Baltimore ; and 
has contributed to the -Z?eZ/i7/o?<s iJsraW Expositions 
of the International Sunday-School Lessons for the 
past seven years. The same Expositions have also 
been furnished for the Index and Baptist, of At- 
lanta, Ga. During his residence in Washington, 
Mr. Mirick has been quite active in promoting 
Sunday-school interests and in supplying churches 
destitute of pastors. He is now pastor of the 
Metropolitan Baptist church, a body gathered and 
organized under his lead, and in a part of the city 
where a Baptist church is greatly needed. 

Missionary ITmon, American Baptist— The 
General Missionary Convention of the Baptist de- 
nomination in the United States of America for 
Foreign Missions, sometimes called the Triennial 
Convention, was established in Philadelphia, May 
18, 1814, and it continued under that name until 
1845. 

The agitation produced by the slavery question 
led to an amicable separation of the Southern and 
Northern Baptists in their foreign mission efforts, 
after which, at a Convention held in the Baptist 
Tabernacle, New York, on the third AYednesdayof 
November, 1845, the present Foreign Missionary 
Society of the Northern Baptists was organized, 
and it went into operation in May, 1846, under 
the name of the '• American Baptist Missionary 
Union." The new body assumed all the indebted- 
ness of its predecessor, and became heir to all its 
effects. Our Southern brethren, immediately after 
retiring from the General Convention, formed the 
Southern Baptist Convention, an honored society, 
a record of whose toils and triumphs is to be found 
in another part of this work. The Missionary 
Union has had its i-epresentatives preaching Jesus 
in several quarters of the world, and rich blessings 
have descended upon its self-sacrificing men and 
saintly women as they have carried the tidings of 
salvation to the perishing. The missions to the 



Karens and Teloogoos are the most prosperous 
fields of labor at this moment in the heathen 
world ; the seal of heaven rests upon them in a 
more signal manner than upon any other organized 
efibrts upon earth to bring pagans to .Jesus. Mar- 
velous success has attended the labors of our mis- 
sionaries in Germany and Sweden. 

The Missionary Union in 1880 had in Burmah 
88 missionaries, 448 native preachers, 433 churches, 
and 21,594 members. 

In Assam there were 17 missionaries, 49 native 
preachers, 13 churches, and 1331 members. 

Among the Teloogoos there were 21 missionaries, 
77 native preachers, 11 churches, and 15,660 mem- 
bers. 

Among the Chinese there were 24 missionaries, 
37 native preachers, 16 churches, and 1426 mem- 
bers. 

In Japan we had 12 missionaries, 5 native preach- 
ers, 2 churches, and 76 members. 

In all our Asiatic missions there were 162 mis- 
sionaries, 616 native preachers, 475 churches, and 
40,087 members. 

In Sweden we had 150 native ministers, 298 
churches, and 18,851 members. 

In Germany there were 270 native ministers, 121 
churches, and 25,497 members. 

In France there were 12 native ministers, 9 
churches, and 726 members. 

In Spain there were 3 native ministers, 4 churches, 
and 140 members. 

In Greece there was 1 native minister and 1 
church, with 7 members. 

In our various foreign missions we had 162 
American missionaries, 1052 native preachers and 
pastors, 908 churches, and 85,308 members. In 
1880 there were 8419 converts baptized in our dif- 
ferent mission stations. The income of the Mis- 
sionary Union in that year was §290,851.63. 

See separate articles on the missions just named, 
and on Africa, Assam ; and for foreign missions 
conducted by our brethren of the South, see article 
on SouTHERX Baptist Convention, and the Tri- 
ennial Convention. 

Mississippi, The Baptists of.— In 1780 a com- 
pany of Baptists from South Carolina and Georgia 
settled on Cole's Creek, about twenty miles south- 
east of Natchez, and in the latter part of the same 
year organized a church, which they called Salem. 
These consisted of Richard Curtis, Sr., and his wife, 
Phebe Curtis, his stepson, John Jones, and his wife, 
and his three sons, William, Benjamin, and Richard 
Curtis, Jr., with their wives, together with John 
Courtney, who married Hannah Curtis, and John 
Stampley, who married Phebe Curtis, Daniel Ogden 
and wife, and a man named Perkins and his wife; 
Jacob Stampley, the brother of -John, and James 
Cole, who married -Jemima Curtis, probably accom- 



MISSISSIPFI 



MISSISSIPPI 



panied them. Most of these were church members. 
Richard Curtis, Jr., was a licensed preacher, and 
John and Jacob Stampley both became ministers 
afterwards. Upon the organization of the church 
Richard Curtis, Jr., was chosen pastor, His labors 
were greatly blessed, and in a short time sinners 
were converted and desired baptism. As Mr. Cur- 
tis was only a licentiate some perplexity arose about 
the propriety of his administering the ordinance. 
But it was very properly decided that Curtis, under 
the authority of the church, might lawfully baptize 
them. Among.the converts baptized was a Spanish 
Catholic named Stephen de Alvo, who publicly re- 
nounced Catholicism. This greatly incensed the 
Catholics, but as yet they had no power to punish 
the offense. At this time the country was nomi- 
nally under the government of GreatBritain, but at 
the peace of 1783 the territory passed for a time 
into the hands of the Spanish. 

People continued to come into the country, and 
among them some Baptists. William Chaney, a 
Baptist deacon, and his son, Bailey E. Chaney, a 
licensed preacher, came from South Carolina. 
There came also one Harigail from Georgia, and also 
Barton Hannon and William Owen, all of whom 
were, or became. Baptist preachers. Harigail 
proved to be a man of more zeal than discretion, 
and proceeded to denounce the Catholics in un- 
measured terms. This, together with the conver- 
sion and active labors of De Alvo, who had be- 
come a deacon, incensed them, and they determined 
to make an example of some of the leaders. Wil- 
liam Hamberlin, Richard Curtis, Jr., and Stephen 
de Alvo were selected as the chief offenders. This 
was about 1793 or 1794. A letter was written by 
Gayoso, the Spanish commandant, to Curtis, expos- 
tulating with him upon his course. To this Curtis 
replied bluntly, and an order for his arrest was is- 
sued, and he was brought before Gayoso, April 6, 
1795. After threatening to send Curtis, Hamber- 
lin, and De Alvo to work in the mines of Mexico, 
they were discharged, with an injunction not to 
offend again. An edict was also issued that " if 
nine persons were found worshiping together, 
except according to the forms of the Catholic 
Church, they should suffer imprisonment." But 
the church continued to meet privately for wor- 
ship, and Mr. Curtis officiated publicly in a mar- 
riage ceremony in 1795. This was considered a 
violation of the law, and an attempt was made to 
arrest him, but he made good his escape, in com- 
pany with Hamberlin and De Alvo, and they made 
their way on horseback across the country to South 
Carolina, where they arrived in the fall of 1795. 
A number of others were also persecuted. At the 
end of two years and a half Curtis returned, having 
been ordained during his stay in South Carolina. 
The country having passed into the hands of the 



United States, the Baptists henceforward had rest, 
and prospered greatly. In 1798 an arm of Salem 
church was extended into Williamson County, and 
" the Baptist church on Buffaloe" was constituted. 
Another church was formed in the same county 
in 1800, called Good Hope, and two in Amite 
County, Providence, in 1805, and Ebenezer in 1806. 
These churches, in 1806, united, and formed the 
Mississippi Baptist Association. Thomas Mercer 
came into this region in 1800, and David Cooper, 
a learned and pious man, in 1802. They were soon 
joined by a number of young ministers, who after- 
wards distinguished themselves in this part of the 
State, and through whose instrumentality Baptist 
sentiments were propagated in Mississippi and 
Louisiana. The Association became an active 
body, and its missionaries penetrated to the re- 
motest settlements. 

In 1820 the churches contiguous to Pearl River 
were dismissed to form the Pearl River Association. 
In the decade from 1830 to 1840 the churches were 
torn by internal dissensions, on account of Masonry, 
missions, and Campbellism. In the conflict old 
Salem suffered her light to be extinguished. From 
that time forward population rapidly increased, and 
many able and zealous ministers entered the field, 
and Baptist sentiments took a deep hold upon the 
people. 

In 1880 there were in Mississippi 59 Baptist As- 
sociations, 1537 churches, 831 ordained ministers, 
and 122,369 members. 

Mississippi Baptist, a religious paper, estab- 
lished by the Mississippi Baptist Convention about 
1857. Previous to this it had been struggling for 
existence as a private enterprise. Under the pa- 
tronage of the Convention a new life was infused 
into the paper. Rev. J. T. Freeman, an able writer 
and an editor of experience, was secured to take 
charge of it. It was removed to Jackson, the cap- 
ital of the State, and under the management of 
Mr. Freeman it was winning a fine success, when 
it was suspended by the events of the war. 

Mississippi Baptist Convention.— This body 

was organized in 1839. Its object has been to fos- 
ter a missionary and educational spirit. As the 
fruit, a number of missionaries are laboring in for- 
eign fields, and one of the best colleges in the South 
has been built up. 

The officers elected in 1880 were Col. W. H. 
Hardy, of Meridian, President; A. J. Miller, Port 
Gibson, Recording Secretary ; J. T. Buck, Jackson, 
Corresponding Secretary ; W. T. Ratcliff, Treasurer. 
The Convention, through its Board of Ministerial 
Education, contributed $800 to aid thirty minis- 
terial students, and contributed $6000 to support 
twenty missionaries, three district evangelists, and 
one State evangelist. Eastern Louisiana and New 
Orleans are embraced in their field. 



MISSISSIFFI 



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Mississippi Baptist Record is published under 
the patronage of the Mississippi Baptist Conven- 
tion. It was started in 1876 to promote the work 
of the State Convention, and J. B. Gambrell, for- 
merly pastor at Oxford, was selected as editor. It 
was at first issued at Clinton, but subsequently re- 
moved to Jackson. Its circulation is full of en- 
couragement. 

Mississippi College, located at Clinton, Hinds 
Co., Miss., was chartered as Hempstead Academy 
in 1826. In 1827 the name was changed to Mis- 
sissippi Academy, by an act of the Legislature 
authorizing the board of trustees to raise by lottery 
$25,000. The rents of thirty-six sections of the 
school land, donated by the United States to the 
State, were given to the academy for four years. 
In 1830 the name was changed to Mississippi Col- 
lege, and in 1842 it was transferred to the Presby- 
terians, and remained under their control until 
1850, when it was again surrendered to the people. 
The Baptist State Convention met that year in the 
city of Jackson, when the college was offered to the 
Baptists, and accepted by them. An agent was 
placed in the field, and by 1860 a cash endowment 
of $100,000 was raised, with $30,000 more pledged, 
and buildings costing $20,000 erected. Unfortu- 
nately the whole endowment was lost by the war, 
and the college suspended. In 1867, Dr. Walter 
Hillman found it disorganized, with a mortgage 
of $10,000 resting upon it, and only eleven students 
in attendance. At the end of his administration, in 
1873, the debts had all been paid, the building thor- 
oughly repaired, $40,000 towards an endowment 
raised, a faculty of eight professors engaged, and 
190 students in attendance. He was succeeded by 
W. S. Webb, D.D., under whom the institution has 
continued to pi'osper until the present time. From 
20 to 30 young ministers have been educated an- 
nually for some time, many of whom are now fill- 
ing the most prominent pulpits in Mississippi, 
Louisiana, and Arkansas; 191 students were in 
attendance during the term ending in June, 1880. 
Mississippi General Association.— This body 
operates in the eastern part of the State of Missis- 
sippi, and was organized some years ago in oppo- 
sition to the State Convention. But it is believed 
that a better state of feeling is beginning to prevail, 
and the two bodies now seem to be co-operating. 
The jealousies out of which the division grew are 
passing away, and the day of entire unification is 
not far distant. The work of the Association is 
missionary. A long neglected tribe of Indians in 
their bounds is receiving special attention, and a 
converted Indian is employed to preach to them. 
We have not received the data to be able to state 
particulars of their work. 

Missouri Baptist General Association.— In 

the year 1833 an informal and small meeting of 



Baptists was held in the town of Columbia, Mo., to 
devise ways and means for further promoting Chris- 
tianity in that State. The anti-mission spirit then 
ruled the Baptist churches of that region, and the 
few who possessed the progressive spirit of the 
gospel labored under great disadvantages in all 
efforts and plans for the spread of divine truth. 
They were met at every step by the violent and 
almost virulent opposition of anti-mission brethren. 
The meeting at Columbia was composed of Ebe- 
nezer Rogers, Thos. Fristoe, Roland Hughes, Jo- 
seph Hughes, Tilman Bell, and Wm. Mansfield. 
These men of God resolved to secure the services 
of some good minister of the gospel to do mission- 
ary work in the central counties of the State. 
They contributed of their own limited resources- 
the sum of $600 fur the remuneration of the meii 
who might be secured for the work. Rev. Wm. 
Mansfield was selected to correspond with suitable 
persons until a missionai-y should be obtained. He 
wrote to Anderson Woods and Wm. Duncan, both 
of whom responded favorably to the call. The 
duty of making arrangements for the proposed 
mission work was intrusted to Mr. Mansfield. He 
attended a meeting of the Mount Pleasant Associ- 
ation for the purpose and in the hope of securing 
some co-operation. At that meeting he was in- 
formed by anti-mission Baptists that if he went on 
the " stand" he should be forcibly ejected from it. 
At a convenient time in the progress of the meeting 
he took a position near the stand and read aloud a 
list of appointments for AVoods and Duncan, and 
then quietly gave a statement of the reasons why 
he was not on the stand. Mr. Mansfield was a 
good man, a plain, earnest, and effective preacher, 
who supported a large family by successful farming. 
Woods and Duncan were preachers of no mean 
ability, and while the work they did under Mans- 
field's arrangements was much opposed, it was 
greatly blessed in the conversion of souls and in 
awakening the spirit of missions. 

As a result of this effort a meeting was held at 
Providence church, in Calloway County, in 1834, 
to effect a permanent organization for doing mis- 
sion work. The anti-mission spirit was still rife. 
In this year the churches and Associations were 
much troubled with contentions and divisions. At 
the Providence meeting, Thos. Fristoe, Ebenezer 
Rogers, Wm. Suggett, Noah Flood, and others were 
present. The meeting adopted preliminary meas- 
ures for the permanent organization of the Baptist 
Central Society. This organization was completed 
the subsequent year. Out of the Central Society 
grew the present Missouri Baptist General Associ- 
ation, which held its forty-third annual session in 
October, 1879. 

The objects of the General Association are to 
promote the preaching of the gospel and the spread 



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804 



MISSOURI 



of divine truth in the State. For the attainment 
of these objects the constitution provides mission 
work, Christian education, and the circulation of 
religious literature. 

A mission, board of seventeen members and a 
corresponding secretary have the management of 
the missionary department. The board endeavors 
to develop and enlarge the spirit of progress and 
beneficence, procure the preaching of the gospel to 
the destitute, and help weak churches to become 
self-sustaining. This work has contributed largely 
to making the Baptist denomination the largest and 
most influential in the State. From $3000 to $5000 
are annually expended by the board in State mis- 
sion work. The local Associations expend about 
the same sum in their missionary efforts. 

William Jewell College — a history of which is 
given in another part of this work — is an outgrowth 
of the progressive spirit of the General Association, 
and is provided for by its constitution. Stephens 
College, for the education of young ladies, is like- 
wise organically recognized. At each session of 
the Association a report is heard from a standing 
committee on schools and colleges, in which the 
condition of Baptist institutions of education within 
the State is made known. Of such institutions 
there are nine in number, each doing a good work. 

The Association at each session hears a report 
on denominational publications, and seeks to en- 
coui-age religious literature as a means of spreading 
divine truth. The American Baptist Publication 
Society receives encouragement, and Baptist jour- 
nals in the State in harmony with the purposes and 
plans of the Association, receive a hearty moi-al 
support. At this writing (1880) The Central Bap- 
tist, an able weekly journal, conducted by Rev. 
Wm. Ferguson, and Ford's Christian Repository, 
edited by Rev. Dr. and Mrs. S. H. Ford, an excel- 
lent magazine of long standing, both published in 
the city of St. Louis, are indorsed and commended. 

All along the history of this organization down 
to the present time its records are adorned by the 
names of the best men of the denomination in and 
out of the ministry. Of ministers who have gone 
to their reward are such names as Wm. Suggett, 
Wm. Thompson, D.D., Thos. Fristoe, I. T. Ilinton, 
James E. Welch, S. W. Lynd, D.D., Noah Flood, 
J. B. Jeter, D.D., X. X. Buckner, Wm. Crowell, 
D.D., Y. R. Pittz, Jerry Vardeman, and A. P. Wil- 
liams, D.D. Of deceased laymen there are such 
men as Judge R. E. McDaniel, lions. Wade Jack- 
son, David Hickman, AVm. Carson, Marshal Broth- 
crton, Jos. Flood, and Wm. Jewell, M.D., D. L. 
Shouse, Wm. McPherson, and others, the presence 
of any of whom would have adorned the most hon- 
orable assembly on earth. 

The chief living Baptists of the State, ministers 
and laymen, and honorable women not a few, are 



now the active friends and hearty supporters of the 
General Association, which is, no doubt, the organ- 
ization through which the power and usefulness of 
an influential denomination in a great State are to 
reach their highest and broadest development. 

Missouri, Baptist Sunday-Schools in.— The 

Missouri Baptist Sunday-School Convention was 
organized in August, 1868. Rev. S. W. Marston, 
D.D., served as the secretary during the first five 
years. 

The following table will show how he found 
Sunday-school work in Missouri, and how it has 
increased for eleven years : 



Tear. 


ji 


ll 

16 


II 


•s 

u t 

m 


1 


ill 


III 


li 

11 


1868 


45 

50 

57 

60 

66 
66 


iboij 

1166 
1210 
1212 
1264 
1274 

1328 

viii 


506 
846 

920 
706 
750 

'^1 


52,996 

57,089 

67,501 

71,717 

74,274 

76,072 . 

78,144 

79,546 

88,491 






74 

430 

754 

806 
816 

450 
820 


3494 

6247 

3076 
6300 




1869 


■■4,091 

10,414 
4,216 
2,567 
1,798 





1870.. 
1871... 
1872 


25,781 
44,871 


1873... 
1874... 


48,261 
49,260 


1876 




■■ 














1879... 
1880 





41,173 
50 000 









There were about 5937 church members working 
in the schools during 1879, and 4605 conversions 
among the scholars. The libraries comprise 26,000 
volumes. The churches expended on their own 
schools, in 1879, $9997 ; for organs and other ob- 
jects, $7687 ; for State Bible-school work, $1023.96. 

In 1873 about two-thirds of all the district Asso- 
ciations had within them organized Sunday-school 
Conventions. 

The Rev. M. L. Laws is the able corresponding 
secretai'y of the society at this time, upon whose 
noble work so rich a blessing has descended. 

Missouri Baptists, Sketch of.— The first 
Christians of any denomination, save Catholic, 
that ever set foot upon the soil of Upper Louisiana, 
now the State of Missouri, were Baptists. So far as 
we have been able to learn, Thomas Bull, his wife, 
and her mother, Mrs. Lee, were the first to come. 
They settled in Cape Girardeau County in 1796. 
The following year they were joined by Enos Ran- 
dall and wife, and Mrs. Abernathy. At that time 
Missouri was under the dominion of Spain, and the 
Roman Catholic was the established church. In 
1799, Rev. Thomas Johnson, of Georgia, visited 
these pioneers, preached the gospel to them and 
their neighbors, and baptized one woman. This 
was the first administration of baptism west of the 
great river, and Elder Johnson was the first Baptist 
minister of the regular order who ever visited the 
Territory. 



MISSOURI 



805 



MISSOURI 



Rev. David Green removed from Kentucky and 
settled in Cape Girardeau County in 1805, and 
commenced at once to gather together the Baptists. 
He organized, in 1805, the Tywappity Baptist 
church, in Scott County, of eight or ten members. 
For want of succor it soon became defunct, but was 
reorganized in 1809. The Bethel church was the 
first permanent church organization in the State. 
It was formed with fifteen members, July 19, 1806, 
near the town of Jackson, Cape Girardeau Co. 
Elder Green was the first pastor of these churches. 
For some years the Bethel church was an aggres- 
sive missionary body, and greatly prospered. It 
afterwards opposed missions, and as a consequence 
withered, and finally died. From it sprang, directly 
or indirectly, all the churches that formed the first 
Association. Five other churches originated prior 
to the date next to be mentioned, and together with 
the two first named, met at the Bethel meeting- 
house, near Jackson, on the last Saturday in Sep- 
tember, 1816, and organized the Bethel Associa- 
tion, the first in the Territory. The constituent 
churches were Bethel, Tywappity, Providence, 
Barren, St. Francois, Bellview, and Dry Creek. 
The ministers present were Henry Cockerham, 
John Farrar, Wm. Street, and James P. Edwards. 
Bethel Association adopted the appellation of 
" United Baptists." 

In 1796 and 1797 a number of Baptist families 
removed from North Carolina, South Carolina, and 
Kentucky, mostof whom settled in the present limits 
of St. Louis County. Among them we notice the 
names of Abraham and Sarah Musick, Jane Sullens, 
Sarah Williams, and R. Richardson and wife. They 
came in the face of Catholic restriction. The law 
said, " Liberty of conscience is not to be allowed 
beyond the first generation ; the children of emi- 
grants must be Catholics." And further, " No 
preacher of any religion but the Catholic must 
come into the province." John Clark, a Baptist 
in sentiment, though not a member, and Thomas 
R. Musick visited and preached in Missouri in these 
times of pi-oscription. Clark's first trip was made 
in 1798 ; Musick's not long after. Clark was, we 
presume, the first Protestant minister that ever 
preached the gospel west of the Mississippi River. 
Musick settled in the St. Louis district in 1803 
or 1804, — the first minister other than Catholic 
to locate in the Territory. He organized the Fee 
Fee church, the first in St. Louis County, in 1807, 
of eighteen members, and became its pastor. This 
is now the oldest church in the State. Cold Water, 
the next church in the county, was organized by 
Musick in 1809. 

In November, 1817, at the house of Thomas R. 
Musick, the Missouri (now St. Louis) Association 
was formed with the folloAving as constituent 
churches, viz. : Fee Fee, Cold Water, Bceuf, and 



Negro Fork, in St. Louis County ; and Femme 
Osage, 'St. Charles County, and Upper Cuiver in 
Lincoln County ; the aggregate membership of 
which was 142. 

In the autumn of 1817, Revs. John M. Peck and) 
James E. Welch, missionaries of the Baptist Gen- 
eral Convention, arrived in St. Louis, then a little 
French village on the west bank of the Mississippi 
River. St. Louis is now the fourth city in the 
Union, extending some fifteen miles up and down 
the river, with a breadth of four to three miles. 
Messrs. Peck and Welch organized the First Bap- 
tist church of St. Louis, Feb. 8, 1818, with a mem- 
bership of eleven persons. 

Mingled with the tide of emigration westward 
we find Baptists. Nineteen persons formed a Bap- 
tist church near Loutre Island, in Montgomery 
County, in 1810. Joseph Baker was their pastor. 
The war of 1812-15 soon afterwards broke out, 
and most of the membership took refuge in the 
forts of Howard County. Mount Pleasant church 
was the first in the upper county. It was organ- 
ized by Revs. Wm. Thorp and David McLain, near 
old Franklin, Howard Co. Few meetings for busi- 
ness were held during the wai-. Thorp and Mc- 
Lain preached to the people in the forts. When 
the war was over the people began again to hold 
meetings. The Mount Pleasant Association was 
formed July 25, 1818, at the old Mount Pleasant 
meeting-house. The constituent churches were 
Mount Pleasant, Concord, Cooper Co., organized 
May, 1817 ; Bethel, Boone Co., formed June, 1817 ; 
and Mount Zion and Salem ; their aggregate mem- 
bership was 161. Ministers present, David McLain, 
Wm. Thorp, Luke Williams, Edward Turner, and 
Colden AVilliams. In less than five years this as- 
sociational community. had extended its limits as 
far west as Clay and Lafayette Counties, and an 
average of twenty-five miles on either side of the 
Missouri River. At its meeting in 1823 it divided 
its territory, and formed the Fishing River Associa- 
tion, in Clay County, and Concord Association, in 
Cooper County, in the autumn of that year. Seven 
churches and six ministers were set off to organize 
the former, and seven churches to the latter. This 
left Mount Pleasant with seventeen churches. In 
1827 the Mount Pleasant Association again divided 
for convenience, and the formation of the Salem 
Association the same year was the result. The 
new Association took thirteen churches, with 513 
members, leaving the old Association with sixteen 
churches and 734 members. 

The Cuivre Association was formed in 1822, of 
churches in St. Charles, Lincoln, and Warren 
Counties, eight in number, most or all of which 
had been dismissed from the Missouri Association 
for the purpose. 

The gospel was early preached in Pike County 



Missoum 



MISSOURI 



by Leroy Jackson, J. M. Peck, and Davis Biggs. 
Churches were organized as follows : Ramsey's 
Creek, prior to 1818 ; Peno, Dec. 25, 1819 ; Stout's 
Settlement (now New Hope) Lincoln Co., in 1821. 
On the 23d of August, 1823, the three churches 
last named, together with Bethlehem, New London, 
and Beer Creek, met on Big Peno and organized 
the Salt River Baptist Association. In 1834 this 
body sent out a colony of fourteen churches, and 
formed the Bethel Association, at Bethel meeting- 
house, Marion Co., the aggregate membership of 
•which was 589. By churches gathered mainly by 
Elders Lewis and James Williams, situated mostly 
in Franklin, Washington, and Jefferson Counties, 
the Franklin Association was organized in 1832, at 
the house of J. C. Duckworth. 

The Cape Girardeau Association, a daughter of 
the Bethel, was organized in 1824, at Hebron 
church. 

We now pass to Western Missouri. In 1834 the 
Fishing River Association embraced all the churches 
•west of a line indicated by Grand River. This year 
it was divided, the Missouri River being made the 
line, and the ten churches south of the river met 
in the following October at Little Snibar and or- 
ganized the Blue River Association. Their total 
membership was 384. 

The twelve Associations now named embraced, 
in 1834, nearly 200 churches, with a membership 
of some 7000, scattered over a vast extent of 
country from St. Genevieve County on the south 
to Lewis County on the north, from two to three 
counties deep west of the Mississippi River ; and 
on either side of the Missouri River one to three 
counties deep, from the eastern to the western 
boundary of the State. 

The General Association for missionary purposes 
was organized in 1835. This was made the occasion 
of a fierce and strong war upon boards and benev- 
olent institutions by the anti-missionary party. 

In the contest on missions in Missouri the anti- 
missionaries refused absolutely to fellowship under 
any circumstances those who favored the mission- 
ary enterprise. At the time of the division the 
regulars numbered over 5000, and the anti-mis- 
sionaries upwards of 3000. The present strength 
of the former in the State is 90,000, and of the 
latter about 6000. (See article on Missouri Bap- 
tist General Association.) 

The Missouri Baptists are warm friends of edu- 
cation. 

INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING. 
William Jewell College, with its school of theol- 
ogy, is located at Liberty. Founded by the General 
Association ; chartered February, 1849, and opened 
about one year after. This is the State denomina- 
tional school for young men. 

Stephens College, for females, is at Columbia. It 



was established in 1856 as a "Baptist Female Col- 
lege ;" chartered in 1857 ; adopted by the General 
Association in 1870. R. P. Rider, President. 

Mount Pleasant College, a mixed school, is located 
at Huntsville. A. S. Worrall, D.D., President. 

La Grange College, at La Grange, is for male and 
female students. J. F. Cook, LL.D., President. 

Lexington Baptist Female College is located at 
Lexington. President, Jno. F. Lanneau. 

St. Joseph Female College, at St. Joseph. E. S. 
Dulin, President. 

Hardin College, located at Mexico ; female. Mrs. 
P. A. Baird, President. 

Grand River College, at Edinburg. The presi- 
dent is T. H. Storts. 

South-West Baptist College, located at Bolivar. 
J. R. Maupin, President. 

These are the Baptist institutions of learning of 
this State, the most or all of which are doing a 
noble work. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

The first Baptist newspaper published in Mis- 
souri was issued in 1842 under the auspices of the 
General Association, called the Missouri Baptist. 
I. T. Hinton and R. S. Thomas were editors. It 
was abandoned in 1844, and in 1848 it was suc- 
ceeded by the Western Watchman. Another Mis- 
souri Baptist was established by the Missouri Bap- 
tist Publication Society in 1860, edited by S. H. 
Ford. Both the last-named papers were suspended 
early in the war. In 1865, John Hill Luther com- 
menced the publication, at Palmyra, of the Mis- 
souri Baptist Journal, which was recognized as the 
" State paper" by the General Association in 1866. 
This is now the Central Baptist, published at St. 
Louis, by Wm. Ferguson. In 1875, Dr. D. B. Ray 
established the Baptist Battle-Flag, now the Bap- 
tist Flag, devoted to church history and polemic 
theology. It was first issued from La Grange, but 
was subsequently removed to St. Louis. And last. 
Ford's Christian Repository, a monthly, is pub- 
lished at St. Louis, and edited by S. H. Ford, 
LL.D., and Mrs. S. R. Ford. 

The Baptists of Missouri have an important po- 
sition in this great central State, and are wielding 
a potent influence for good in the evangelical and 
educational enterprises of the West. 

Baptist Progress in Missouri by Decades. 



Date. 


Number of 
Associations. 


Number of 
Churches. 


Number of 
Ministei-8. 


Number of 

C!ommuni- 

cauts. 


1796 

1806 

1816 

1826 

1836 

1846 

1856 

1866 

1876 


::: 

"i 

18 

31 
37 
65 
70 


14 
91 
230 
410 
539 
749 
1284 
1449 


■3 
11 

126 
201 
349 
432 
842 
839 


12 
50 
426 
2,984 
8,723 
19,667 
31,358 
44,877 
89 786 


1880 


95,967 



MISSOURI 



807 



MISSOURI 



Missouri, Central Baptist of. — The first num- 
ber of the Missouri Baptist Journal was issued 
Jan. 1, 186G, in Palmyra, Mo., as the acknowledged 
organ of the General Association. About a year 
later the Baptist Record made its appearance in 
St. Louis, under the editorial conduct of Rev. A. 
A. Kendrick, D.D. In 18G8 these two papers were 
consolidated, and the name of the Central Baptist 
was given to the journal, whose chief aim was to 
unite the Baptists of Missouri on a common plat- 
form of doctrinal truth, missionary effort, and edu- 
cational interest. 

The result of the consolidation was most gratify- 
ing. The circulation of the Central Baptist soon 
reached 8000. Its conciliatory spirit, sturdy de- 
fense of our distinctive principles, and the literary 
ability of its contributors, representing every sec- 
tion of our country, won for it the confidence of 
Missourians and the respect of Baptists throughout 
the land. Its principal editors have been success- 
ively Dr. J. H. Luther, Dr. W. Pope Yeaman, and 
Rev. W. Ferguson, aided at different periods by 
Rev. Norman Fox, President A. A. Kendrick, and 
Rev. J. C. Armstrong. 

The aim of the managers of the Central Baptist 
has always been to establish for the valley of the 
Missouri a journal of conservative character, main- 
taining in its editorial conduct pronounced views 
on every question relating to evangelical religion, 
and encouraging a spirit of free inquiry in the min- 
istry and among the masses. The enlightened and 
working element of the denomination has recog- 
nized it as a necessity in the region of which St. 
Louis is the centre, and has generously supported 
it as one of the permanent agencies in the furthei-- 
ance of the grand mission intrusted to us as a peo- 
ple. It has an honorable record, with the promise 
of a brilliant future. 

Rev. Wm. Ferguson, the present proprietor and 
managing editor of the Central Baptist, was born 
in Saline Co., Mo., July 15, 1845. In early life he 
found the Saviour, and, being impressed with the 
duty of preaching the gospel, in 1868 he gave up 
the study of law and entered William Jewell Col- 
lege, at Liberty, Mo., to prepare for the ministry. 
Here, from the very start, he took the first place 
in his classes, and secured the abiding love and 
respect of his instructors and fellow-students. On 
his graduation, in 1873, he was united in mar- 
riage to Miss Florence M. Chandler, of Liberty, 
and assumed the pastorate of the Baptist church at 
Fulton, Mo. After one year of successful labor he 
was elected to the responsible position of financial 
agent of the Missouri Baptist Ministerial Education 
Society, and of William Jewell College, which po- 
sition he held with great acceptance and success 
until January, 1877, when he purchased a part- 
nership interest with Rev. W. P. Yeaman, D.D., in 



the Central Baptist, of which, in 1878, he became 
sole proprietor. Under his management of rare 
tact and ability the paper has been lifted out of 
financial embarrassments and placed within the 




REV. WILLIAM FERGUSON. 

first rank of denominational exponents. He pos- 
sesses many qualifications which mark the born 
journalist. To a well-balanced mind, holding de- 
cided convictions, and exercising a positiveness in 
their maintenance, he joins a heart of keen sensi- 
bilities and broad sympathies, which enable him to 
weigh and deal fairly with all the questions which 
interest the church and humanity. These quali- 
ties, combined with unassuming modesty and ge- 
niality, secure the respect, esteem, and love of all 
who know him. 

Missouri, Colored Baptists of, are a signifi- 
cant force. They have a State Convention and six 
district Associations, and claim 30,000 members, 
with 300 ministers. Among the leaders now living 
are W. W. Brooks, W. T. Jones, Thos. Jefferson, 
John Marshall, Henry Burton, L. T. Vealman, 
Samson Lewis, Hardin Smith, and Daniel Sawyer, 
menof piety and influence. Some of their churches 
have a thousand members. Four of their ministers 
have sketches in this work. 

Missouri, Southwest, Baptist College of, is 

located at Bolivar, Southwest Missouri, and was 
founded by the Southwest Baptist Convention. 
It opened at Lebanon, Sept. 17, 1878. Rev. J. R. 
Maupin, A.M., a graduate of Lagrange College, 
Mo., is its first president. He was chosen for five 
years. The curriculum of the institution com- 



MITCHEL 



808 



MITCHELL 



pares favorably with other colleges. It has a three 
years' preparatory course and a four years' collegi- 
ate. The faculty is composed of ten able instruc- 
tors. The charter of the college was granted March 
19, 1879. It is one of the most liberal in the State. 
The school is open to male and female students. 
One hundred and thirty-nine students attended the 
first year. A large number of students have been 
converted the past year. The college has a new 
and beautiful building and six acres of ground. 
Kev. N. T. Allison is principal of the preparatory 
department. 

Mitchel, Rev. George, was born in England, 
Sept. 5, 1820. He was converted and baptized 
in 1838. He studied at Horton College, in Brad- 
ford, England, and in Edinburgh University, Scot- 
land. He was ordained in England in July, 1847, 
and became pastor of the Baptist church at Hors- 
forth, England, where he labored four years, and 
three at Irwell, Terrace chapel, Bacup. lie came 
to America in 1855 ; had charge of the church at 
Beverly, N. J., for three years ; was pastor of the 
Fourth Baptist church of St. Louis, Mo., for two 
years, in which he built the present house of wor- 
ship; the church prospered under his ministry. 
In 1860 he became pastor at Lebanon. During 
the war he practised medicine and preached Christ. 
After the war he organized churches in Southwest 
Missouri. He was pastor at Bolivar, Mo. In 
1874 he went to California, and returned soon after 
to Kansas, and preached at Hiawatha for two years 
with success, — -a stroke of palsy closed his labors 
there. He returned to Bolivar, Mo., and bore his 
affliction with patience. He died May 27, 1879. 

In both his pastorates in England he was popu- 
lar and useful, and in this country his labors were 
successful. 

Mitchell, Rev. Edward, was born in the island 
of Martinique in 1794. He followed the sea in his 
early life, but having been hopefully converted and 
baptized by Rev. Dr. Staughton, his attention was 
at once turned to the Christian ministry. He en- 
tered Dartmouth College, and graduated with honor 
in 1828. Soon after leaving college he was called 
to become pastor of the Baptist church in Burke, 
Vt. In 1834 he became pastor of the church in 
Eaton, Canada East, where he remained until 1838, 
when he was called to the church in West Hatley, 
Canada East, where he continued until his death, 
which occurred March 31, 1872. "He was re- 
garded as the most profound theologian ever settled 
in the section in which he passed so many years 
of his useful life." 

Mitchell, Edward C, D.D., vras born at East 
Bridgewater, Mass., Sept. 20, 1829. His early re- 
ligious training was of the Unitarian type. While 
a student in Waterville College, Me., he was con- 
verted, and became a member of a Baptist church. 



He was graduated in 1849. He entered Newton 
Theological Seminary, and was graduated in 1853. 
lie was first settled as pastor in Calais, Me., where 
he was ordained in 1854. After three years he re- 
moved to Rockford, 111., where he founded the State 
Street Baptist church, and remained the pastor for 
five years. In 1862 he was appointed Professor 
of Biblical Interpretation in the theological de- 
partment of Shurtlefi' College, in Illinois, which 
position he filled during seven years. In 1870 
he was elected to the professorship of Hebrew 
and Old Testament Literature in the Baptist Union 
Theological Seminary, Chicago. He fiUe.d this 
chair eight yeai-s. Then he accepted an appoint- 
ment to the professorship of Biblical Interpreta- 
tion in Regent's Park Baptist College, in London, 
England. He then became the president of the Bap- 
tist Theological School of Paris, France. He is 
the author of " The Critical Hand-Book, a Guide 
to the Study of the Authenticity, the Canon, and 
the Text of the Greek New Testament," also "Ge- 
senius's Hebrew Grammar, Translated by Davis, 
thoroughly Revised and Enlarged." He is a fine 
scholar, and eminently successful in the line of 
labor to which he has devoted his life. 

Mitchell, John, D.D. — This gentleman, known 
as " the beloved disciple," was born in Bertie Co., 
N. C, in 1829 ; professed faith in Christ at Wake 
Forest College in 1851 ; graduated in 1852 ; studied 
theology at Greenville, S. C. ; was agent for the 
endowment of Wake Forest College in 1856-57 ; 
was pastor at Hillsborough and Greensborough ; 
settled as pastor in Chowan Association after the 
war; took charge of the Asheville church in 1875 ; 
returned to Murfreesborough in 1879, where he 
now resides. Dr. Mitchell is a trustee of Wake 
Forest, and also of Chowan Female Institute, and 
was made a D.D. by his alma mater in 1876. 

Mitchell, Rev. J. F., a leading minister in 
Spring River Association, Ark., was born in North 
Carolina in 1823. He subsequently removed to 
Georgia, where he began to preach in 1853. He 
spent five years preaching in that State, and just at 
the commencement of the civil war he was called to 
the pastorate at Jacksonville, Florida, but owing to 
the disturbed state of the country he removed to 
Texas, where he remained until after the war. His 
labors were greatly blessed in that State. After 
laboring in Texas five years, he removed to Benton 
Co., Ark., where he has been an active co-worker 
with Jasper Dunegan. He has baptized during 
his ministry 615 persons. 

Mitchell, Rev. S. H., was born in Washington 
Co., Ind., Feb. 20, 1830. He removed to Iowa in 
1855. He was baptized at Oskaloosa in 1859. At 
the time of his baptism he looked upon teaching as 
his probable life-work. In 1862 he was licensed to 
preach, and not long after he was ordained. In 



MIZE 



MONROE 



1863 he was appointed general missionary and 
financial agent of the Iowa Baptist .State Conven- 
tion, and continued in this position till October, 
1869. During this period he traveled 30,000 miles 
over the State, 25,000 of which were by horseback 
and buggy. It was a time of great activity and 
growth in the Convention work, as is shown by the 
increased number of missionaries employed, and 
the amount of funds collected. In 1862 there were 
only six missionaries employed, and less than $1000 
collected. In 1868 there were thirty, and nearly 
16500 were collected. 

Jan. 1, 1870, Mr. Mitchell settled as pastor at 
Ames, Iowa, and remained five years, doing a good 
work. Lots were purchased, and a substantial 
meeting-house built. During 1875 he labored as 
financial agent for the University of Des Moines. 
In February, 1876, he became pastor at Shell Rock, 
Iowa, and in July, 1877, began his ministry at 
Grundy Centre, Iowa, where he still labors, having 
now entered upon his fourth year of service. There 
are few men in Iowa so well and favorably known 
among the Baptists, or whose labors have had as 
wide a range or as maried efifects in State missions. 

Mize, E.ev. T. S., was born Jan. 29, 1840, at 
Carrollton, Carroll Co., 111. lie made a profession 
of religion at the age of twelve years ; was grad- 
uated at Shurtleff College at twenty years of age ; 
pui-sued his theological studies at Rochester, N. Y. : 
ordained at Faribault, Minn. ; settled at Clinton 
Junction, Wis., January, 1867, and died Api-il 29, 
1872. Great humility and modesty, and great 
fidelity to Christ and the church were his crown- 
ing characteristics. 

Moffat, Judge John S., a well-known Baptist 
layman of Hudson, Wis., was born on the 25th of 
November, 1814, in Lansing, Tompkins Co., N. Y. 
His grandfather, Rev. John Moffat, emigrated from 
Ireland with a colony, with which also came the 
Clintons, who settled in New York. He was a 
Presbyterian clergyman of fine classical and theo- 
logical attainments. Judge Moffat's parents were 
Samuel and Ann (Shaw) Moffat. They were Chris- 
tians, and early in life began to instruct him in 
the principles of morality and religion ; he received 
his education in the schools of the neighborhood. 
At eighteen he entered the counting-room of a 
merchant in Dryden, N. Y., as assistant. Here he 
remained two years. At twenty he entered the 
academy at Homer. He also studied at the acad- 
emy at Groton. 

In 1840, Mr. Moffat entered the law-office of 
Coryden Tyler, of Dryden, and, although admitted 
to the bar, he engaged for several years in mercan- 
tile pursuits. In 1854, Mr. Moffat came to Hud- 
son, Wis., which has since been his home. Upon 
his arrival here he obtained a position in the land- 
office, which, together with the position of police 
52 



justice, he held for many years. Since January, 
1870, he has held the office of county judge. He 
also practises extensively in the courts, and pre- 
sides over one of the largest insurance and collect- 
ing agencies in the Northwest. 

Judge Moffat is a thorough-going Christian gen- 
tleman. For many yeai-s he has been a meml^er 
of the Baptist church. In the church at Hudson 
he is a deacon and Sunday-school superintendent. 
He is a man of commanding influence, which he 
devotes to the best interests of the community 
where he resides. Temperance and public virtue 
and morality have in him an ardent friend. He 
exemplifies these, as well as the graces of pure re- 
ligion, in his own daily life. 

Mrs. Moffat's maiden name was Nancy Ann 
Bennet. She is a daughter of Phineas Bennet, a 
well-known inventor of New York. They were 
married Jan. 24, 1844. She is in perfect accord 
with Mr. Moffat in all his Christian and philan- 
thropic labors, and an active and influential mem- 
ber of the Baptist church in Hudson. 

Monroe Female College.— This institution, 

situated in the village of Forsyth, Monroe Co., Ga., 
was founded in the year 1849, under the title of 
Forsyth Female Collegiate Institute, Rev. E. J. C. 
Thomas being the first president. A few years 
afterwards Rev. Wm. C. Wilkes, a graduate of 
Mercer University, was elected president, and he 
managed the college with great energy and success 
until the close of the year 1866, except when it was 
temporarily suspended during the war. Rev. S. 
G. Hillyer, a graduate of Franklin College, and 
for many years a professor in Mercer University, 
was its next president. Dr. Hillyer, who is both 
an excellent scholar and an eminent divine, ad- 
ministered its affairs with great success until 1872, 
when R. T. Asbury succeeded, only to give way in 
turn to Dr. Hillyer, in the spring of 1880. 

The management of this excellent college has 
always been in Baptist hands, and year after year 
has sent out large classes of well-educated young 
ladies. In 1879 its beautiful building was con- 
sumed by fire, but it is now being rebuilt in a more 
handsome style. The exercises, in the meanwhile, 
are still continued. 

Monroe, Rev. John. — No minister in North 
Carolina of any denomination is more respected 
for his piety and usefulness than this venerable 
man. lie was born in Richmond Co., N. C, in 
October, 1804. His parents emigrated from the 
Highlands of Scotland in 1 03. He Avas baptized 
into the felloAvship of the Spring Hill Baptist church 
in 1819; began to preach in 1825 ; has labored ex- 
tensively in the counties of Anson, Richmond, and 
Robeson, N. C, and Marlborough, S. C, and during 
the fifty-five years of his ministry he has been pas- 
tor of the Spring Hill church. For twenty years 



MONTAGUE 



he was moderator of the Pedee Baptist Associa- 
tion, and would still fill that place did the infirmi- 
ties of age pei-mit. 

Monroe, Rev. William Y., was born in Old- 
ham Co., Ky., April 3, 1824 ; removed with his 
father to Scott Co., Ind., in 1834, and joined the 
Methodist church in 1842. About this time his 
mind was exercised in respect to his entering upon 
the work of the ministry. He began a thorough 
search of the Bible ; the result was that he became 
a minister and a Baptist. He was ordained in 1850, 
and has been the pastor of the North Madison Bap- 
tist church for twenty-three years. He was elected 
treasurer of his county two consecutive terms, and 
has been sent to the State Legislature two sessions. 
He was elected president of the Indiana State Con- 
vention in 1878. He is a man of deep piety, mod- 
esty, and profound convictions. 

Montague, Rev. Howard W., the eldest son 

of the Rev. Philip Montague, was born in Middle- 
sex Co., Va., Oct. 10, 1810. He was baptized by 
his father in November, 1831. In 1838 he married 
Miss Mildred C. Broaddus, daughter of the Rev. 
Andrew Broaddus. He was ordained to the min- 
istry in 1840. During his ministerial career of 
thirty-six years he was at different times pastor of 
the following churches, — Mount Zion, Ephesus, 
Howerton's, and Upper Essex, in the county of 
Essex ; Bethel, in the county of Caroline ; and 
Shiloh and Round Hill, in King George. In addi- 
tion to these he had stated appointments at several 
other churches, besides being a frequent and zeal- 
ous worker in protracted meetings in his own and 
neighboring churches. The one great object of his 
life was to preach the gospel plainly and faithfully 
to men, and he did it with great earnestness, power, 
and success. He was a laborious worker in the 
ministry, forgetting himself and laying all his ener- 
gies on the altar of the Master. He possessed a 
vigorous intellect, was a strong thinker, and in his 
style of preaching was impressive and stimulating. 
His own life exemplified the doctrines of godliness, 
and all who were acquainted with him knew that 
Christ was the moving spring of his entire actions. 
He died June 9, 1876, leaving to the churches of 
his love and labors the memories of a character 
fragrant with the graces of the Spirit. 

Montague, Rev. J. E., was born in Granville 
Co., N. C, in 1818; baptized in 1839; educated 
at Wake Forest College; was ordained in 1850, 
Revs. R. I. Devin and S. Creath forming the Pres- 
bytery ; and has been the successful pastor of Mill 
Creek and Bethel churches, Person County, for 
twenty-six years. 

Montague, Judge Robert L., was born in Mid- 
dlesex Co., Va., May 23, 1819. His parents were 
zealous members of a Baptist church. His educa- 
tion was begun at a small country school. He was 



afterwards sent to Fleetwood Academy, in the 
county of King and Queen, conducted by that ac- 
complished teacher, Oliver White, to be prepared 
for college. From this school he went to William 




JUDGE ROBERT 



MONTAGUE 



and Mary College, where, in July of 1842, he re- 
ceived the degree of Bachelor of Laws, graduating 
also in the school of political economy. He re- 
turned to the college the next session, and contin- 
ued his studies in legal and political science, and 
then entered upon the practice of law. He was 
baptized in August, 1842, by the Rev. Mr. Street, 
and united with the Glebelanding church, of which 
he has continued a member till the present, being 
actively identified with all the movements of the 
denomination, and serving most efiiciently for sev- 
eral years the General Baptist Association of Vir- 
ginia as its president. Having begun the practice 
of law in 1844, Judge Montague was appointed, in 
1845, the Commonwealth's attorney for Middlesex 
County, which position he held with efficiency and 
honor for nineteen years and then resigned. In 
1850 he was elected a member of the Virginia 
Legislature, and was re-elected in 1851, but he re- 
signed without serving. In 1852 he was a Presi- 
dential elector, and was the messenger of the elec- 
toral college to convey the vote of Virginia to 
Washington ; and in 1856 he was again a Presi- 
dential elector. In 1859 he was elected lieutenant- 
governor of the State. This ofiice he held for the 
constitutional period of four years. In February, 
1861, he was elected by the people of Middlesex 
and Mathews Counties to represent them in the 



MONT AN YE 



MOODY 



secession convention ; and in April of the same 
year he was chosen by the convention a member of 
the executive council to aid the governor in his ar- 
duous and responsible duties. He was elected pres- 
ident of the convention at its last session, and it is 
a singular fact that Judge Montague while presid- 
ing over this body was also the president of the 
Virginia senate for nearly a month, both bodies 
sitting in the same building, so that, in order to 
accommodate the presiding officer, the houi-s of 
meeting for both bodies had to be changed. In 
1863 he was elected a member of the Confederate 
Congress, and served in tliat body till its last ses- 
sion ; after which time, until 1873, he remained in 
private life, giving himself entirely to the practice 
of his profession. In 1873 he was elected a mem- 
ber of the Virginia Legislature by the people of 
Middlesex County, and in March, 1875, he was 
elected by the Legislature judge of the eighth ju- 
dicial circuit. Although Judge Montague's nu- 
mei-ous official duties prevented him from adding 
much to the literature of the denomination, he 
made a great many public addresses on various 
subjects, many of which have been published and 
•widely read throughout the State. Although much 
in public and political life, no man sustained a 
more honorable reputation. He died during the 
summer of 1880. 

Montanye, Rev. Thomas B., was born Jan. 

29, 1769, in New York. When seventeen years of 
age he was baptized by the Rev. John Gano into 
the fellowship of the First Baptist church of that 
«ity. He was ordained pastor of the Baptist church 
of Warwick, N. Y., when only nineteen years of 
age. In 1801 he became pastor of the Southamp- 
ton church, Bucks Co., Pa. lie held this position 
till death summoned him to the church in glory, 
Sept. 27, 1829. Mr. Montanye was one of the 
most popular Baptist ministers in the eastern part 
of Pennsylvania, where his name was familiar to 
most professors of religion. No man in the Bap- 
tist ranks stood higher than he. His church trusted 
and loved him, and he and his Southampton brethren 
walked in harmony with the Baptist brotherhood 
everywhere. In preaching, his theme was the 
cross, and he possessed great power in setting forth 
the matchless glories of the suffering Saviour. His 
memory is tenderly cherished all over Bucks County 
at this day. 

Montgomery, Rev. W. A., was born in Jeffer- 
son Co., Tenn., Nov. 16, 1829. He was converted 
and baptized in his fourteenth year. He entered 
the University of Tennessee, at Knoxville, in 1845, 
and graduated with the first honor of his class in 
1850 ; read law with the Hon. E. Alexander, judge 
of the Knoxville Circuit Court. He was admitted 
to the bar in the fall of 1851. He removed to 
Texas in 1855. He served as a member from AVash- 



ington County in the secession convention in 1861. 
He was licensed to preach while in the Confederate 
army in 1862. He continued in it until the close 
of the war ; removed to Leadvale, Tenn., in 1867. 
He was ordained to the work of the ministry in 
1868. He received his D.D. from Carson College 
in 1870, and from the University of Tennessee in 
1876. He was pastor first of Leadvale and Dan- 
dridge churches from 1868 to 1872; then of First 
church, Lynchburg, Va., until 1877. He was cor- 
responding secretary of the Southwestern Board 
for eighteen months. He is now the pastor of the 
First Baptist church of Memphis, Tenn. 

Dr. Montgomery possesses rare ability as an 
evangelist. The numerous protracted meetings 
held by him, in which his labors were singularly 
blessed, abundantly show this. In the pulpit his 
manner is solemn ; his words and arguments are 
logical, instructive, and convincing. He is among 
the most prominent preachers in the State. 

Montreal College. — This institution owes its 
origin to the conviction among the Baptists of 
Canada that, in order to prosecute their denom- 
inational work in the provinces, a native, edu- 
cated ministry must be raised up to do this work. 
The funds necessary to commence the undertaking 
having been secured. Dr. Benjamin Davies, then 
living in England, came to Montreal in 1839, and 
took charge of what was called the Baptist Theo- 
logical College, the original design being to have 
but two instructors, a principal and a tutor, to ' 
train the young men who proposed to enter the 
Christian ministry. Buildings were secured, the 
necessary preparations made, and a few students 
connected themselves with the new institution. 
In 1843, Dr. Davies was called to England to take 
the presidency of Stepney College, now Regent's 
Park College, London, and Rev. Dr. Fyfe occupied 
the place thus made vacant for one year. In 1844, 
Dr. J. M. Cramp entered upon his duties as presi- 
dent of the college. A fine, cut-stone building was 
erected on a commanding site in the city of Mon- 
treal, and the prospects of the institution wore an 
encouraging aspect. But it was not long before 
financial embarrassment crippled the energies of 
those who had been foremost in promoting the in- 
terests of the college. The " hai-d times" of 1848-50 
destroyed all hope of raising funds, which it had 
been thought could be obtained in England. There 
was no alternative but to sell the college property, 
to pay off, as far as possible, the debts of the insti- 
tution. Apparently the experiment to establish a 
Baptist theological college in Montreal had proved 
a failure, and the friends of ministerial education 
must look for success in some other quarter. (See 
article on Canadian Literary Institute.) 

Moody, Lady. — This titled lady lived at Lynn, 
Mass., in 1640. She purchased the estate of Mr. 



MOORE 



812 



MOORE 



Humphrey, one of the magistrates, and intended to 
become a permanent resident. Soon after making 
her abode at Lynn she embraced the principles of the 
Baptists ; and then neither her character nor her 
position in society could avail her anything. She 
was compelled to withdraw from the Congregational 
citizens of Lynn and seek a home on Long Island 
among the Dutch, who, like their liberal counti'y- 
men in Holland, gave her a generous welcome. 
And when the Indians came to Long Island to kill 
its Dutch settlers, forty of them defended the house 
of Lady Moody at the peril of their lives. In that 
day to embrace Baptist principles was to invite 
expatriation, if not something worse, even from 
American Christians. 

Moore, David, D.D., was born in Northumber- 
land, England, March 28, 1822. He came to the 
United States in 1834. He received a superior 
education, and being called of God to the ministry, 
he was ordained, in June, 1852, as pastor of the 
Gaines and Murray churches, N. Y. In 1855 he 
accepted a call to the Le Roy church in the same 
State ; in 1860 he became pastor of the Washington 
Street church, Bufifalo ; and in 1864 he took the 
oversight of the Washington Avenue church, 
Brooklyn, from which he retired, through im- 
paired health, in 1876. He is now pastor of the 
church of Geneva, N. Y. 

He has published several occasional sermons, 
essays, and addresses, and was, till the failure of 
his health, an active manager of the American Bap- 
tist Home Mission Society, the Long Island Mission 
Board, and of other denominational institutions. 

Few men in the Baptist denomination have 
wielded a wider or more beneficial influence. As 
a preacher, he is lucid, sound, earnest, and elo- 
quent. As a pastor, sympathizing, magnetic, and 
faithful, and, in all the councils of his brethren, 
capable, practical, and prudent. 

Moore, E.ev. Ferris, was born in Putney, Tt., 
Dec. 31, 1796, united by baptism with the church 
June 24, 1816, and was ordained Dec. 30, 1819, at 
Keene, N. H., where he was the pastor of the 
church for two years. Subsequently he was settled 
at New Ipswich, N. II., Canton, Mass., and at 
Saratoga, N. Y. From April, 1846, to the fall of 
1857 he preached every alternate Sabbath at South 
Lee, Mass., where he died April 7, 1858. 

Moore, John L., D.D., one of the pioneer Bap- 
tists of Ohio, was born in Lewis Co., N. Y., Feb. 
17, 1803, and was converted at the age of twenty- 
two. In 1831 he graduated from Hamilton, and 
one week after his graduation was ordained at 
AVatertown, N. Y., with special reference to the 
Western field. In October of the same year, in com- 
pany with three of his classmates, William Chofiee, 
Alvin Bailey, and G. Bartlett, he visited Cleveland, 
then a village of 1000 inhabitants. From it he 



went to Columbus, where there was a small Bap- 
tist church, and thence to Cincinnati, where there 
were then three Baptist churches. After a short 
stay in Cincinnati he visited the towns of the Miami 
valley. At Hamilton he met with a very severe 
accident, by which his face was terribly burned 
and the sight of his eyes greatly injured. Nothing 
daunted at this, however, he accepted in the spring 
of 1832 an appointment by the Home Mission So- 
ciety, then just organized. After general mission- 
ary work he became pastor of the church of Piqua,. 
and in 1834 gave half his time to the new church 
at Troy. His next pastorate was with the church 
at Dayton, where he remained two years. 

For eight years subsequent to this Dr. Moore 
was the general agent for the Ohio State Conven- 
tion. Part of his time was, however, devoted to 
the interests of the college at Granville, of which 
he was a trustee for more than thirty years. On 
resigning his agency he took pastoral charge of the 
church in Springfield, 0., which position he held 
for nearly two years, when he gave himself to the 
work of establishing a theological institution at 
Fairmount, near Cincinnati. In 1855 he was ap- 
pointed an exploring missionary for Ohio by the 
State Convention, and did much efi'ective work. 
His health becoming greatly impaired he relin- 
quished this position, and gave himself thence- 
forward to a more quiet life, preaching, however, as 
he found opportunity, and making himself useful 
in the general denominational work. In the same 
year Denison University conferred upon him the 
degree of D.D. In 1870 he removed to Topeka^ 
Kan., where he remained until his death, Jan. 23,. 
1878. 

Dr. Moore was one of the most influential and 
wealthy of the early Baptist ministers of Ohio. 
His memory is treasured by thousands in that 
State. He was a very acceptable preacher, and a. 
man of most excellent spirit. He leaves a son ia 
the ministry, Rev. A. S. Moore, of Salem, 0. 

Moore, Rev. Wm., was born near Pisgah, But- 
ler Co.. 0., Dec. 8, 1821 ; was baptized by Elder 
Daniel Bryant at the age of twenty ; studied at 
Farmer's College, and also at Granville ; took his- 
theological course at the Covington Institute, under 
Dr. Patterson ; was ordained to the ministry in the- 
autumn of 1847, at the Ninth Street church, Cin- 
cinnati, and shortly afterwards was married to Miss 
E. W. Forbes. In company with Dr. Jewett, of the 
Teloogoo Mission, he was set apart as a foreign 
missionary, first to Assam, and afterwards, at the 
death of Mr. Bullard, to the Pwo Kai-ens, Burmali. 

He sailed with his wife from Boston, in the ship 
" Cato," Nov. 2, 1847, in company with Brethren 
Danforth, Stoddard, and their wives, and also 
Brethren Simons and Brayton. On reaching the 
heathen land he entered with energy upon the- 



MORAN 



MOREHOUSE 



arduous labor of acquiring a foreign language. 
This he soon accomplished, and was permitted to 
visit the Karens in their distant homes, and tell 
them of a Saviour's dying love. After about five 
years of labor his health began to fail, and before 
the sixth year was completed it was manifest to all 
that his missionary toils were ended, at least for a 
time. Ilis voice entirely failed, so that he could 
speak only in a low whisper. With great reluctance 
he bade adieu to the chosen labors of his life, and 
returned to this country. He located first at Cin- 
cinnati, but, not being able to preach, he went to 
Middletown, and entered into business, in which 
he continued twenty-six years, until his death. 
Being prompt, reliable, and enterprising, he se- 
cured a flattering position in the commercial 
world. His word was the synonym of honor and 
fair-dealing. 

His influence was always on the side of right 
and morality, and in this direction it was mighty 
and constant, and it was felt for the improvement 
of the community. He was a member of the 
school board for twelve years, and president of the 
board of education when he died. In the church 
he was looked upon as one of the main pillars, 
holding the office of deacon from 1867 until the 
close of his life. He was also church clerk for fif- 
teen years, until the time of his death, and during 
his membership he was a constant attendant at the 
Sabbath-school, having in charge the adult Bible- 
class. In his teaching he was clear and methodi- 
cal, and eminently useful. He was not only a 
faithful teacher, but a true friend, and a wise 
counselor to all his class. Even after they left the 
school he never lost sight of them, but watched his 
opportunity to do them good. It brightens our 
appreciation of his goodness to remember that he 
himself was never conscious of its possession, but 
labored diligently each day as though the results 
of eternity depended upon the passing hour. Few 
men have been more honored for Christian in- 
tegrity. His unfaltering devotion to the church, 
his familiarity with men, his sound judgment, and 
his kindness won many hearts to trust the Saviour 
whom he loved and honored. With an unblemished 
reputation, he filled up the measure of his days. 
He died Sept. 29, 1880, in the full enjoyment of 
the Saviours love. 

Horan, Rev. M. Y., an able minister in Lincoln 
Co., Ark., was born in North Carolina in 1818 ; at 
the age of twenty-two professed Christ, and soon 
after began to preach. Having settled in Somer- 
ville, Tenn., in 1844, he studied for three years, 
and obtained a fair knowledge of Greek, Latin, and 
mathematics. He was ordained in 1855 ; after 
preaching in Tennessee three years he removed to 
Bolivar Co., Miss., where he organized the first 
church in the county. Here he continued to labor 



until the war. In 1862 he came to Arkansas and 
settled at his present place of residence, where he 
has preached successfully until the present time. 
He has presided several times as moderator of Bar- 
tholomew Association, of Arkansas Baptist Con- 
vention, and the General Association of Southeast 
Arkansas. 

More, Godwin C, M.D., was born in Hertford 
Co., N. C, Nov. 7, 1806 : graduated at Chapel Hill : 
read medicine with his brother-in-law. Dr. Fletcher, 
and graduated in medicine at Transylvania Uni- 
versity. In 1831 he represented his native county 
in the State Legislature ; ran fur Congress in 1837, 
and in 1838 became moderator of the Chowan As- 
sociation, the largest body of the kind in the State, 
and he held this honorable position for thirty 
years. He was elected a member of the Legisla- 
ture again in 1842, and also in 1867. He was a 
trustee of AVake Forest College, and for many years 
president of the board of trustees of the Chowan 
Female Institute. He died in 1880, loved and 
lamented by all who knew him. 

Morehead, Gov. James T., an able lawyer, 

and one of the most brilliant orators that Kentucky 
has produced, was born in Bullitt Co., Ky., May 
24, 1797. Ho attended school at Russellville, and 
completed his education at Transylvania Univer- 
sity. He was raised in the faith of the Baptists, 
but delayed uniting with the church until late in 
life, for which he expressed much regret. He 
studied law at Russellville, and commenced prac- 
tice at Bowling Green in 1818. He was elected to 
the Legislature in 1828, and served several terms 
in that body. He was elected lieutenant-governor 
of Kentucky in 1832, and became governor of the 
State upon the death of Gov. Breathitt, in February, 
1834. He was several years president of the board 
of internal improvements. In 1841 he was elected 
to the U. S. Senate, and at the close of his term, in 
1847, he located in Covington, Ky. He died Dec. 
28, 1854. 

Morehead, Rev. Robert W., A.M., was bom 

in Logan Co., Ky., April 13, 1834. He entered 
Bethel College in 1854, and remained two years. 
In 185G he entered Union University, Tenn., where 
he graduated in 1859. His theological studies were 
pursued under the supervision of Dr. -J. M. Pen- 
dleton. He united with Union Baptist church, 
in his native county, in 1849 ; was licensed to 
preach in 1856, and ordained in 1859. In 1860 he 
took charge of Bethel church, in Christian County. 
For several years he has been the beloved and 
honored pastor of the Baptist church at Princeton, 
Ky. He is a man of culture and great moral 
worth. 

Morehouse, Henry L., D.D., was bom in Stan- 
ford, Dutchess Co., N. Y., Oct. 2, 1834. Mr. More- 
I house was graduated at the University of Rochester 



MORELAND 



MORGAN 



in 1858. He entered Rochester Theological Semi- 
nary in 1861, and was graduated in 1864. His fiist 
settlement was at East Saginaw, Mich., where he 
remained from 1864 to 1873, when he was called to 
the pastorate of the East Avenue Baptist church, 
in Rochester. Mr. Morehouse was prominently 
identified with educational and State missionary 
work in Michigan. He was for some time corre- 
sponding and financial agent of the New York Bap- 
tist Union for Ministerial Education, which has 
charge of the theological seminary at Rochester. 
He was elected to that position in 1877. His re- 
port in " Vindication of the Beneficiary System" 
won for him high encomiums from the first educa- 
tors of the country. He has also published several 
able sermons. He was poet of the alumni of Roch- 
ester-University in 1874. His racy and very read- 
able contributions to the Examiner and Chronicle, 
over the signature " Helmo," liave earned him a 
good reputation. His church has greatly prospered 
under his ministry, and his earnest labors for the 
seminary have secured for him the respect of all the 
friends of ministerial education in the State and in 
the many States where Rochester is represented. 
He is now the able corresponding seci-etary of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society. 

Moreland, Rev. W. C, for nine years pastor 
at Arcadia, La., was born in Georgia in 1824 ; for 
nineteen years a preacher in the Methodist connec- 
tion ; in 1864 he was ordained as a Baptist minister. 
He came to Louisiana in 1848. He has served the 
following Baptist churches acceptably : Homer, 
Rock Spring, and Antioch, in Claiborne Parish, 
and Liberty, Mount Gilead, and Arcadia churches, 
in Bienville Parish. 

Morell, Rev. Z. IT., was bom in Tennessee ; is 
now about eighty years old ; commenced preaching 
at an early age after his conversion, and was suc- 
cessful as a minister in Tennessee and Mississippi ; 
removed to Texas in 1835 ; was intimately associ- 
ated with the early warriors, civilians, and ministers 
who founded the republic of Texas and organized 
the State. He was one of the originators of the 
State Convention and Education vSociety of Texas. 
His book, " Flowers and Fruits ; or, Thirty-six 
Years in Texas,'' published in 1872, by Gould & 
Lincoln, Boston, is full of remarkable incidents 
touching religious, civil, and martial life, written 
in a style of masculine vigor. 

Morey, Rev. Reuben, a native of Fabius, Onon- 
daga Co., N. Y., where he was born Feb. 21, 1805, 
obtained a hope in Christ in early life, and united 
with the Baptist Church. Having strong convic- 
tions that it was his duty to preach the gospel, he 
soon after his conversion began the work of prep- 
aration. He was educated at Hamilton Literary 
and Theological Institution and at Brown Univer- 
sity. Dr. Wayland was president at Brown while 



he was there, and he left upon his student the 
impress of his own strong intellect and powerful 
grasp of truth. Dr. J. R. Loomis, president of 
Lewisburg University, Dr. Ives, of Sufiield, Conn., 
and Dr. William Dean, of Bangkok, Siam, were 
among his intimate friends at college. After his 
graduation from Brown University he was ordained 
and settled as pastor of the Baptist church in Mad- 
ison, Ind. His subsequent pastorates were at Louis- 
ville, Ky., North Attleborough, Mass., Homer, Wy- 
oming, and Arcade, N. Y., Delavan and Tonica, 111., 
and Merton, Wis. His longest pastorate was at 
North Attleborough, Mass., where he remained 
eight years. His preaching was analytical and 
doctrinal. He had a profound reverence for the 
ministerial office, and this imparted depth and so- 
lemnity to his public services. As a pastor he was 
peculiarly gifted for efiicient labor in the family and 
with the individual. He was a tower of strength 
in all his pastoral labors with his flock. His home 
during the closing years of his life was in Wauke^ 
sha, Wis. Here he fell asleep in Jesus, Feb. 17, 
1880. "Mark the perfect man and behold the up- 
right, for the end of that man is peace." 

Morgan, Rev. Abel, was of Welsh descent, and 
was born at AYelsh Tract, Del., April 18, 1713. He 
was baptized when about tvventy years of age, and 
was soon afterwards ordained. He had laid the 
foundation of the learning which he subsequently 
evinced at the academy in Pencador. In 1739 he 
took charge of the church in Middletown, N. J., and 
continued there until his death, in 1785. The period 
of his life was an important one, and he was equal 
to the work demanded from him. His influence and 
the history of the denomination in New Jersey and 
America are inseparably connected. He had a good 
judgment, unusual literary attainments, a logical 
mind, and a very valuable library. He was pow- 
erful in debate ; he was also unsparing in labor by 
night and by day. In his old springless cart he 
rode long distances to preach Jesus. Dr. Jones, 
in his century sermon, called him " the incompara- 
ble Morgan." Edwards says of him, •' He was not 
a custom divine, nor a leading-string divine, but a 
Bible divine." He was on diS"erent occasions 
challenged to debate on doctrine, and always main- 
tained his position. In 1742 there was a great re- 
vival at Cape May, in which Baptist and Presbyte- 
rian ministers preached. Too many of the converts 
" took to the water" to suit the Presbyterians. Mr. 
Morgan accepted a challenge from Rev. Samuel 
Finley, afterwards president of Princeton College, 
to discuss the baptismal question. He gained a 
signal triumph. Mr. Finley tried his pen, and 
wrote "A Charitable Plea for the Speechless." 
Mr. Morgan had a reply printed, under the title 
"Anti-Pffido Rantism, or Mr. Samuel Finley's 
Charitable Plea for the Speechless examined and 



MORGAN 



MORGAN 



refuted, the Baptism of Believers maintained, and 
the Mode of it by Immersion vindicated, by Abel 
Morgan, of Middletown, in East Jersey. Phila- 
delphia, printed by B. Franklin, in Market Street. 
MDCCXLVII." This little work is so valuable 
and scarce that it sells for 912 or more. 




REV. ABEL MORGAN. 

As a patriot, his trumpet gave no uncertain 
sound. Even while the royal troops were moving 
through his neighborhood, after the battle of Mon- 
mouth, he was outspoken. The next Sunday he 
had for his text, " AVho gave Jacob for a spoil and 
Israel to the robbers?" He says in his diary, that 
the Sunday after that, " Preached in mine own 
barn, because the enemy had taken out all the 
seats in the meeting-house.'' He baptized many 
persons, and was the means of converting and edi- 
fying many more. He wrote some of the most im- 
portant documents issued by the Philadelphia As- 
sociation, and was frequently called by it to preach 
and preside. His many manuscripts, neatly writ- 
ten, show careful preparation, sound doctrine, and 
practical application. The inscription upon his 
plain tombstone at Middletown is, " In memory of 
Abel Morgan, pastor of the Baptist church at Mid- 
dletown, who departed this life Nov. 24, 1785, in the 
73d year of his age. His life was blameless, his 
ministry was powerful ; he was a burning and 
shining light, and his memory is dear to the 
saints." 

Morgan, T. J., D.D., Professor of Church His- 
tory in the Baptist Union Theological Seminary 
at Chicago, is of Welsh descent. His father was 



Jlev. Lewis Morgan, a pioneer Baptist preacher in 
Indiana, and he was born at Franklin, in that State, 
Aug. 17, 1839. His collegiate course he pursued at 
Franklin College, graduating in 1861. The war 
being then in progress, he entered the Union ser- 
vice as a private, and, after three years and four 
months, at the close of the war, resigned as colonel 
of the 14th U. S. Colored Infantry. He commanded 
a division at the battle of Nashville, and was made, 
subsequently, brevet brigadier-general for " gallant 
and meritorious service during the war." The 
struggle having closed, Gen. Morgan decided to 
enter upon study for the ministry, and graduated 
at Rochester in 1868. His first service was as 
secretary of the New York Baptist Union for Min- 
isterial Education. At the end of three years he 
resigned this position, and, removing to Nebraska, 
served in that State as pastor for one year, and 
two years as president of the Nebraska State Nor- 
mal School, being complimented, in 1874, with an 
appointment by President Grant as a member of 
the Board of Visitors at West Point. In Septem- 
ber of the year last named he entered upon his 
duties as professor in the theological seminary at 
Chicago, holding, first, the chair of Homiletics, 
and at present that of Church History. In the 
year 1879 Dr. Morgan spent four months in study 
at the University of Leipsic, Germany, and in the 
year 1880 five months in European travel and in 




T. J. MORGAN, D.D. 



the prosecution of historical studies. To his fine 
scholarly attainments and ability as a teacher Dr. 
Morgan adds the talent of a " ready writer," and 



MORGAN- 



MORRIS 



has contributed largely and most acceptably to the 
denominational press. 

Morgan, Rev. William D., was born in Wales ; 
educated at Pontypool College ; came to America, 
and was oi'dained as a Baptist minister in Plymouth, 
Pa. ; settled in Chester, Conn., in 1875, and with 
the Third Baptist church in North Stonington, 
Conn., in the spring of 1877 ; here he was thrown 
from a carriage and instantly killed. May 7, 1878, 
aged thirty-four years. 

Morrill, E.ev. Abner, A.M., son of Deacon 
John Adams and Mary McDonald Morrill, was 
born in Limerick, Me., Aug. 18, 1827 ; was con- 
verted while a student in college, and, though edu- 
cated a Pedobaptist, united with the Main Street 
Baptist church in Brunswick, Me. To this step he 
was led by a careful study of God's Word, over- 
coming much opposition. He graduated from 
Bowdoin College in 1850. He was called to the 
chair of Mathematics and Natural Sciences in Mid- 
bury Academy the same year. In 1852 he became 
tutor in the West Tennessee College, Jackson, 
Tenn. After spending several years in teaching 
in connection with various institutions in the 
South, he returned to Maine in 1859, and became 
pastor of the Baptist church in Farmington. lie 
was afterwards pastor at Turner and Mechanic 
Falls. In 1865 he came to New York, and has 
been pastor of the churches in Warsaw and Arcade. 
He is now settled in Painted Post. He is a faith- 
ful minister, a good preacher, and a noble-minded 
citizen. 

Morrill, Rev. D. T., the present (1880) pastor 
of the Upper Alton Baptist church. 111., was born 
Oct. 24, 1825, in Danville, Caledonia Co., N. Y. 
When he was about three years of age the family 
removed to Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co., in the 
same State. His preparation for college he received 
at the St. Lawrence Academy, in Potsdam. In 
September, 1847, he entered Union College, in- 
tending at first to take an eclectic course, but 
changed his plans subsequently, entering the Ju- 
nior class, and graduating in 1849. His conversion 
took place while in college, without apparent special 
human agency, and partly in connection with a 
struggle against doubts even of the truth of the 
Christian religion. Earnest study of the evidences, 
accompanied by manifest strivings of the Spirit, 
ended not only in entire acceptance of the Christian 
system, but also of Christ as a personal Saviour. 
Deciding to enter the ministry, he took his theo- 
logical course at Rochester, entering the seminary 
in 1851 and graduating in 1853. The interval of 
time since leaving college and before entering the 
seminary had been spent in teaching in Rahway, 
N. J., where he was baptized by Rev. W. H. 
Wines. Mr. Morrill's desire had been towards for- 
eign missionary work, but a field of missionary 



labor opening to him at Newark, N. J., he decided 
to enter it. The mission so undertaken in that city 
resulted in the organization of the Fifth Baptist 
church, in March, 1855. This church he served as 
pastor fourteen years. The church grew into a 
strong one, built a meeting-house and parsonage, 
and took its place among the vigorous and efficient 
churches of the city and State. In 1869 he accepted 
a call to the Fourth Baptist church, St. Louis, con- 
tinuing there six years, until 1874. Two hundred 
accessions by baptism were fruits of this ministry. 
A year and a half as pastor of Park Avenue church 
and superintendent of missions in St. Louis Asso- 
ciation, and nearly a year in the service of the Pub- 
lication Society as district secretary, brings the 
record to 1876, when Mr. Morrill accepted the call 
of the Upper Alton Baptist church, a field made es- 
pecially interesting by the close relations into which 
the pastor of that church is necessarily brought 
with the students and faculty of Shurtlefif College. 

Morrill, Rev. J. C, was bom in Amesbury, 
Mass., Aug. 16, 1791. Until he Avas about forty 
years of age he was in secular business. Im- 
pressed that it was his duty to preach the gospel, 
he received fi-om the First Baptist church in 
Lowell a license, and was ordained as an evan- 
gelist at Waterville, Me., Oct. 25, 1832. He de- 
voted himself with great zeal and energy to the 
work for which he had thus been set apart, and 
his preaching was accompanied by the conversion 
of souls. His successive pastorates were with 
churches in Augusta, Sidney, Freeport, Wiscasset, 
and Corinth, in Maine, Manchester, N. H., and 
Somerset, Mass. For four years he was in the 
service of the American and Foreign Bible So- 
ciety. He died at Taunton, Aug. 22, 1858. 

Morris, C. D., D.D., of Toledo, 0., was born in 
North Wales, June 6, 1839. His parents, who 
were Calvinistic Methodists, removed to America in 
1840, and settled in Ohio in 1841. In his eleventh 
year he united with a Presbyterian church, but 
in 1860, through independent investigation of 
God's Word, he became a Baptist, and united with 
the Baptist church at Urbana, 0. In 1859 he be- 
came a public school teacher, and followed that 
calling for three years, when he gave himself en- 
tirely to preaching, and became pastor of the Bap- , 
tist church at Fairfield, 0. After remaining here 
a little while, he took a selected course of study in 
the university and a full course in the theological 
seminary at Rochester, N. Y., graduating in 1867. 
Shortly after graduation he became pastor of the 
First church, Toledo, 0., where he still remains, 
the oldest pastor in the continuous service of one 
church in Ohio. 

Dr. Morris is a scholarly and strong preacher, 
and makes himself felt not only in the growing 
city of Toledo, but throughout the State. He re- 



MORRIS 



MORSE 



ceived the degree of D.D. from Chicago, 111., in 
1879. 

Morris, Rev. Joshua, a celebrated pioneer Bap- 
tist preacher of Kentucky, was born in James City 
Co., Va., about 1750. He was baptized by Elijah 
Baker about 1773. He preached for a time in the 
country, and subsequently in Richmond, where he 
formed the first Baptist church in that city, in June, 
1780. Of this church he became pastor, and min- 
istered to it about seven years. In 1788 he removed 
to Kentucky, and became the pastor of Brashear's 
Creek church, in Shelby County. Besides minis- 
tering to this body about ten years, he constituted 
several churches in the regions around him. In 
17^8 he located in what is now Carroll County, and 
established Ghent church, and two years afterwards 
he removed to Nelson County, where he ministered 
to Cedar Creek and Mill Creek churches, and 
formed one or two new churches. He was a man 
of high respectability, and was eminently useful. 
He died about 1837. 

Morris, Rev. William La Rue, was of Irish 
extraction, and was born in Hardin Co., Ky., Jan. 
10, 1821. He was educated as a lawyer, and en- 
tered upon the practice of his profession at Hodg- 
ensville, Ky. He was a fine speaker, and a young 
man of strict honesty and integrity, and readily 
gained a good patronage. At this period his con- 
science was deeply impressed with a call from God 
to preach the gospel. To this conviction he finally 
yielded, and having joined a Baptist church while 
he was a law student, he was ordained pastor of the 
Baptist church at Hodgensville in January, 18-51. 
He was remarkably active and zealous in his holy 
calling, and his improvement was such that he 
soon became one of the most eloquent preachers 
in the Kentucky pulpit. In 1866 he was appointed 
by the board of the General Association, general 
evangelist for the State. He died June 13, 1867. 

Morrison, Judge A. W., was born in -Jessamine 
Co., Ky., Nov. 25, 1802; removed to Missouri and 
settled with his mother and family in Howard 
County, his father having died in Kentucky. He 
was liberally educated. His known ability and 
integrity commended him to the people of his 
county for almost every office at their disposal. He 
was for four years receiver of the United States 
land-office for Missouri, under appointment of 
President James K. Polk. In 1851 he was ap- 
pointed State treasurer by Gov. King to fill the 
vacancy occasioned by the death of Peter G. Glover. 
So thorough was his efficiency in this department, 
and so great his personal popularity, that he was 
elected by the people for three succeeding terms to 
the same office. He was the incumbent at the 
breaking out of the civil war, and Gov. Gamble 
insisted on his holding the position, but this he 
declined, refusing to take the "test oath." 



•Judge Morrison's ancestry were of the highest 
respectability in Wales, and afterwards in Virginia 
and Kentucky. He still lives on a beautiful and 
valuable estate in Howard Co., Mo. 

In 1873 the judge made a profession of faith in 
Christ, and united with the Baptist church at 
Glasgow, in Howard County. His integrity as a 
man and citizen has marked his course as a Chris- 
tian. He is intelligently active in every good 
work, a strong friend of his pastors, a liberal helper 
in missions and Christian education, and he is a 
member of several denominational boards. He is 
remarkably active in mind and body, and still 
wields a mighty influence in public matters. 

Morrow, Rev. Orson Holland, a popular, use- 
ful, and much esteemed minister of Bethel Asso- 
ciation, was born in Rutherford Co., N. C, Nov. 
10, 1800. He was taken by his parents to what is 
now Simpson Co., Ky., in 1807, where he still 
lives. He was baptized in 1827, licensed to preach 
a few months later, and ordained in 1833. He be- 
came a close Bible student, and was very thorough 
in his researches. He has been pastor of four 
churches most of the time since his ordination, 
until the feebleness of old age rendered him inca- 
pable of the work. lie has performed a great 
amount of missionary labor, and has organized a 
number of new churches. 

His pastorates have been Pleasant Grove, Union, 
Warren Co., and Sulphur Spring, Simpson Co. 
During his long and faithful service he has been 
the means of the conversion of large numbers of 
souls, eighteen of whom are known to have become 
active ministers of the gospel. Mr. Morrow has 
been a frequent contributor to the periodical press. 

Morse, Rev. Asahel, son of Rev. Joshua and 
Susannah (Babcock) Morse, was born in Montville, 
Conn., Nov. 10, 1771 ; removed with his parents to 
Landisfield, Mass., in 1779 ; was a lover of good 
books and an apt scholar: taught schools with suc- 
cess; was converted in 1798 ; was baptized Nov. 9 
of that year, by Rev. Rufus Babcock, of Colebrook, 
Conn. ; licensed to preach in the spring of 1799 ; 
removed to Winsted, Conn., in 1800, where he was 
ordained in May, 1801 ; traveled and preached in 
almost every town in Connecticut; settled with the 
Baptist church in Stratfield, Conn., in 1803, and 
remained more than nine years, preaching most of 
the time six sermons a week ; meanwhile he made a 
missionary tour, by appointment of the Shaftesbury 
Association, into Upper Canada, and attended fifty- 
four meetings; in 1812 settled in Suffield, Conn., 
as successor to Rev. John Hastings ; in 1818 was a 
member of the State convention to frame a new 
State constitution, an<l penned for it the article on 
religious liberty, — a marked event in the State's 
history ; was a man of great power, and a typical 
Baptist ; in 1820 went to Philadelphia as delegate 



MORSE 



818 



MOSS 



from the Connecticut Baptist Missionary Board to 
the Baptist General Convention : for a time sup- 
plied a church in Colebrook, and in 1832 became 
pastor of the Second Baptist church in that town ; 
returned to Suffield in 1836, where he died June 10, 
1838, in his sixty-seventh year. He married, Aug. 
24, 1795, Rachel Chapel, of New Marlborough, 
Mass., and had eight children, — all sons. His was 
a noble life. 

Morse, E,ev. John Chipman, was born in An- 
napolis Co., Nova Scotia; converted and baptized 
when a youth ; ordained pastor over the Digby 
Neck church March 31, 1842, and continues still 
in that happy relation. Mr. Morse is a deep and 
enthusiastic student of the Bible and of nature, and 
a very useful preacher of the gospel. 

Morse, E.ev. Joshua, was born in South Kings- 
ton, R. I., April 10, 1726 ; was converted under 
the preaching of Whitefield at the age of sixteen, 
and commenced preaching the next year as an itin- 
erant; gathered a church in Montville, Conn., where 
he was ordained May 17, 1751 ; for aiding the New 
Lights and preaching Baptist doctrines in North 
Stonington, he was opposed, arrested, and abused ; 
the distresses of the Revolution on the coast occa- 
sioned his removal to Landisfield, Mass., in 1779, 
where he gathered a church that he lived to see 
enrol a hundred members. He was an able, zeal- 
ous, and faithful minister. He died in 1795, in his 
seventieth year. 

Morse, Rev. Levi, was born in Jefferson, Scho- 
harie Co., N. Y., Aug. 23, 1817 ; was born again, 
as he trusts, in December, 1835 ; baptized into the 
Jefferson Baptist church in 1838 ; commenced his 
studies preparatory to the ministry at Jefferson 
Academy in 1839, and graduated from Madison 
University in 1844 ; settled as pastor of the Baptist 
church of Athens, Pa., Sept. 8, 1844, the church 
having been raised up under his labors previously, 
during one of his vacations ; remained as pastor 
five years, leaving a united church, with 112 mem- 
bers and a convenient house of worship. He has 
since been pastor at Franklin and Deposit," N. Y., 
of the North Baptist church of Newark, and at 
Newton and Pittsgrove, N. J., at Unionville, the 
Orange Baptist church, and the Franklindale Bap- 
tist church. New York, and he is now pastor of the 
Baptist church of Burlingame, Kansas. His settle- 
ments have all been pleasant and prosperous. 

During the thirty-seven years of his ministry he 
has baptized into the churches he has served about 
800 converts. In his sixty-fonrth year, he is still 
able to undertake as much public speaking as at 
any previous period of his history. 

Morse, Rev. Samuel B., is one of the most 
successful and beloved pastors in California. He 
was born Oct. 26, 1834, in Fayette, Me. ; was bap- 
tized when scarcely twelve years old, by Rev. John 



Butler. He graduated at Colby University and at 
Newton. Having special gifts for teaching, he en- 
gaged in that work for a time in Kentucky and at 
Vacaville, Cal., the seat of the Baptist College in 
that State, while it was in the hands of the Meth- 
odists. He returned East for some years, and was 
ordained at Newton in August, 1869. Coming 
back to California, he became pastor at Stockton 
nine years, and was remarkably blessed in his 
work. While pastor there he made the tour of 
Europe, Egypt, and Palestine, and gathered mate- 
rials for several instructive lectures on the Holy 
Land, and has given them over one hundred times 
with ever-increasing favor. Feb. 1, 1878, he ac- 
cepted the pastorate of the Brooklyn church, which 
up to that time was greatly discouraged. His un- 
usual pastoral gifts and spiritual power as a preacher 
have made the church one of the best in California. 
He occupies a conspicuous position on missionary 
and college boards,' and as moderator of the San 
Francisco Association and presiding officer at other 
public meetings he shows fine executive ability. 

Morton, Rev. Salmon, was born in Athol, 
Mass., May 11, 1767. He was convicted of sin in 
his sixteenth year, and invested with justifying 
faith several years later. He was baptized at 
Madison, N. Y., in 1799, and he was ordained in 
June, 1802, as pastor of the Madison church, for 
which he labored for eleven years. In 1816 he 
took charge of the church in Marcellus, Onondaga 
Co., but he resigned in 1818 to preach as a home 
missionary. He died at Marcellus, Jan. 22, 1822. 
By the people among whom his ministry was exer- 
cised he was regarded as a great preacher. His use- 
fulness was very extensive, and his Christian worth 
was of a high order. 

Moss, Lemuel, D.D., was bom in Owen Co., 
Ky., Dec. 27, 1829. His ftither, Demas Moss, 
was well known among the pioneer Baptists of 
Southern Indiana as a man of unusually strong 
native powers. His mother was a woman of fer- 
vent piety as well as mental energy. He came 
with his parents to Dearborn Co., Ind., in 1833, 
He was converted at the age of thirteen, and 
joined the Baptist church at Blilan. When he 
was fourteen he entered the office of the Lawrence- 
burg Register. He spent nine years in printing, 
part of the time as foreman of a stereotyping es- 
tablishment. While yet a youth his membership 
was removed to the First Baptist church, Cincin- 
nati, where his prayer-meeting talks and other 
earnest religious services led his brethren to think 
that he ought to enter upon the work of the min- 
istry. As this persuasion accorded with his own 
convictions he decided to give himself to the Master 
as a minister. He entered Rochester University, 
N. Y., in 1853. The select course marked out for 
him by President Anderson was abandoned after a 



MOSS 



819 



MOTT 



year's preparatory work, and he entered upon the 
full course. He graduated in 1858, and two years 
later graduated in Rochester Theological Semi- 
nary, under President Robinson. As a student he 
was always remarkably diligent, and won and held 
the confidence of his teachers and fellow-students. 
He was awarded all the honors of the class. His 
high moral tone and strict integrity were charac- 
teristic during his whole course of study, as they 
have been ever since. He began preaching during 
his Sophomore year, and soon exhibited rare power 
as a public speaker. 

Immediately upon his graduation from the semi- 
nary he was called to the pastorate of the First 
Baptist church of Worcester, Mass. In 18GS his 
alma mater conferred upon him the degree of Doc- 
tor of Divinity. Upon the organization of the 
United States Christian Commission by Mr. George 
II. Stuart and others, in 1864, he was chosen its home 
secretary, and charged with the responsible duty 
of interesting the people of the North in the work 
of the Commission. By request of the Commission 
he wrote and published " Annals of the United 
States Christian Commission," — a book full of in- 
teresting facts and inferences, and the only authen- 
tic record of the doings of the Commission. The 
work has received the highest praise. In 1865 he 
accepted the chair of Systematic Theology in the 
University of Lewisburg, Pa., and, after three years' 
service, resigned to accept the position of editor of 
the National Baptist, the organ of the American 
Baptist Publication Society. His editorship was a 
marked success. After four years he resigned this 
work to accept the chair of New Testament In- 
terpretation in Crozer Theological Seminary, Pa. 
While occupying this position he came to Indiana, 
and was the principal lecturer for a State minis- 
ters' institute. During the course it was very man- 
ifest that he was able to answer difficult questions 
in both systematic theology and exegesis. 

In the National Baptist Educational Convention, 
held in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1870, he presented a 
paper on " The Organization of our Educational 
Work." He has also written for the Baptist 
Quarterly two articles, — one on " Our Schools and 
Foreign jMissions," the other on " The Final Condi- 
tion of the Unregenerate." In 1876 he edited a book 
entitled " Baptists and the National Centenary," 
a book of vast value to those who would know the 
origin and progress of the various enterprises taken 
up and carried forward by the denomination. 

In 1875 he was elected presidenc of Chicago Uni- 
versity, 111. In 1876 he was elected president of 
the Indiana State University, and he is still carry- 
ing forward its work with a vigor and wisdom that 
give great promise for the future of the university. 
He was in 1879 made president of the Indiana State 
College Association. 



He is a clear thinker, a genial friend, an inspiring 
teacher, and a public speaker of rare power. 

Mother-Churches among American Bap- 
tists, Some. — The First church of Providence, 
R. I., is regarded by the majority of Baptists as 
the oldest church of our denomination in America. 
That venerable community has been the mother of 
many churches. The First church of Newport, R. 
I., with John Clarke, the sturdy old Calvinist, and 
the enlightened statesman, as its founder, has been 
the mother of a goodly family of churches. Apart 
from New England successes, from it Thomas 
Dungan came to Pennsylvania, who formed the 
first Baptist church in that State ; and by him 
Elias Keach was encouraged to trust Christ when 
convicted of sin and baptized, and by his church he 
was ordained. Mr. Keach founded the Pennepek 
church, the oldest church now existing in Pennsyl- 
vania, of which the First church of Philadelphia 
was a branch, and also some of the oldest churches 
in New Jersey, the communities that organized the 
Philadelphia Association. What these churches 
have done for the States in which they are located, 
and through communities springing from them, as 
well as directly in several other States, only the 
students of Baptist history know. The church at 
Swanzey, Mass., was constituted by John Miles in 
1663. When he and his Welsh brethren came to 
New England they brought their church records 
with them. Their American community was a 
church like the First Newport, with no dependence 
upon the First church of Providence. The Welsh 
Tract church, in Delaware, was formed in Wales 
in the spring of 1701. Thomas Griffith was the 
first pastor, and h'e emigrated with the church to 
Pennepek, Pa., and subsequently removed' with it 
to Welsh Tract, Del., where the church prospered, 
and exerted an extensive influence in favor of truth 
and righteousness. These were the most noted of 
the mother-churches that came into existence in 
America independently of each other. 

It should be remarked that the First church of 
Providence was not the mother of any of the 
churches named; that the First church of New- 
port had some.connection with the Pennepek church 
through Thomas Dungan, but no similar relation- 
ship with any of the others, and that the Swanzey 
and Welsh Tract churches had a European exist- 
ence before they came to America. A sketch of 
all the great mother-churches of America would 
be of unspeakable interest, but in this article we 
can only notice those already mentioned. 

Mott, Judge Frederick, was born near Mont- 
rose, Susquehanna Co., Pa., Jan. 14, 1828. Long- 
ing for an education beyond that afibrded by com- 
mon schools or the neighboring academy, he entered 
Brown University, from which he graduated in 1851. 
He was principal of Derby Academy, Vt., for three 



MOUNT CARROLL 



MOUNT PLEASANT 



years, reading law at the same time, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in Vermont. In 1854 he took 
charge of a unioa school in Upper Sandusky, 0., 
where he remained two years, and then came to 
Iowa, located at Winterset, Madison Co., and im- 
mediately commenced the practice of law. In 
September, 1862, entered the army, and was made 
jidjutant of the 39th Iowa Infantry in 1863, and 
was commissioned by President Lincoln as assistant 
adjutant-general in 1864, serving as such until the 
close of the war. Returning home in August, 
1865, he resumed the practice of law. In 1868 he 
was elected judge of the fifth judicial district of 
Iowa, serving the full term of four years. In Oc- 
tober, 1870, was elected president of the Iowa Bap- 
tist State Convention, and re-elected to that position 
at each of the three succeeding annual meetings. 
In 1873 he was appointed to the professorship of 
Pleading and Practice in the law department of 
the State University, which position he held for 
two years, and resigned to accept the presidency 
of the University of Des Moines. At the close of 
the centennial year, his health failing him, he re- 
signed his position, and returned to his former 
home at Winterset, where he now resides, en- 
gaged in his profession. He was a Baptist from 
his youth up, and has always been a persistent 
worker in the church and Sabbath-school. While 
devoted to his own church and the general work 
of his own denomination, he is deeply interested in 
every good cause, and is regarded by the commu- 
nity in which he has so long lived as an earnest 
Christian worker and a public-spirited and in- 
valuable citizen. 

Mount Carroll Seminary, now exclusively for 
young ladies, is located at Mount Carroll, in Car- 
roll Co., III. It was founded in 1853, by Miss F. 
A. Wood and Miss C. M. Gregory, graduates of the 
Normal School at Albany, N. Y. Beginning with 
11 pupils, the school has grown to an average yearly 
attendance of nearly 200. In 1878 Miss Gregory's 
connection with the institution ceased, and it has 
since remained under the principalship of her asso- 
ciate, now Mrs. F. A. W. Sheiner, with whom Miss 
C A. Jay is at present associated. The school, 
■which opened in a small and inconvenient room, 
is now accommodated with extensive buildings, 
three separate additions having been made to that 
which the principals erected, in the early history 
of the seminary, upon the delightful and healthful 
site still occupied. The grounds are very extensive, 
consisting of twenty-five acres, and are laid out in 
orchards, gardens, vineyards, botanical garden, 
conservatory, with a great variety of shade and 
ornamental trees. The department of instruction 
consists of a preparatory, a regular four years', and 
a normal course. The seminary is incorporated by 
charter, with full college power to confer degrees. 



It is proper to say that this institution has been 
founded and built up entirely by private enterprise. 
Superior executive ability has characterized its ad- 
ministration from the beginning. It has grown sim- 
ply through the public appreciation of its merits, no 
agents having been at any time employed, either 
to solicit pupils or to raise funds. Apart from the 
five acres of ground on which the buildings stand, 
with the sum of |1000 given at the foundation of 
the school, no aid from either private or public 
funds has been received. It is gratifying to have 
this example of a school built up simply through 
the good management of those in charge, with the 
appreciative patronage of a discerning public. 

Mount Lebanon Female College, Mount 

Lebanon, La. — Simultaneously with the movement 
to establish Mount Lebanon University the Mount 
Lebanon Female College was organized, and the 
accomplished wife of Rev. Hanson Lee became 
principal. At the beginning of the war there were 
over 100 young ladies in attendance. Mrs. Lee 
was succeeded by Rev. John Q. Prescott, and upon 
the suspension of the university Dr. Crane became 
principal. Finally the buildings were sold to the 
State for a laboratory, where medicines were manu- 
factured, under the direction of Dr. Egan. About 
the close of the war an effort was made by Mr. 
Prescott to revive the school. The buildings were 
destroyed by fire in 1866, and no attempt has since 
been made to rebuild. 
Mount Lebanon University, Mount Lebanon, 

La. — About 1847, Dr. B. Egan began to agitate the 
question of a school of high grade at Mount Leb- 
anon. His eflPorts resulted in the organization of 
Mount Lebanon University, which was chartered in 
1854. A donation of $10,000 was obtained from the 
State, and about $50,000 raised in subscriptions; 
a commodious college building and president's 
house were erected, a large boarding-hall pro- 
vided, and an able faculty secured. Rev. Jesse 
Hartwell, D.D., accepted the presidency, and in a 
short time nearly 200 students were in attendance. 
Dr. Hartwell died in 1859, and Rev. W. C. Crane, 
D.D., LL.D., now president of Baylor University, 
Texas, was called to the presidency. But in the 
midst of its prosperity the war began, and the 
students and faculty were dispersed. Early in the 
war the endowment notes matured, and were paid 
in Confederate money, invested in Confederate 
bonds, and consequently lost. After the war an 
effort was made to revive the institution, but after 
a few years' struggle the enterprise was virtually 
abandoned. The academical department is still 
maintained, but with some irregularity. The re- 
vival of prosperity in the State has awakened a 
new interest in education, and the question of re- 
viving the university is receiving serious attention. 

Mount Pleasant College was founded in 



MOXOM 



MUIR 



Huntsville, Mo., in 1854. A. S. Worrell, D.D., is 
the president. He is an admirable teacher, and 
the institution is rapidly advancing. It is for both 
sexes ; 138 were matriculated last year. The in- 
struction includes all, between the lowest primary 
and a full college course. 

The degrees of A.B. and A.M. ai-e conferred, ac- 
cording to the scholarship of the candidates. The 
students are pledged to temperance and good con- 
duct. This college is in Randolph County, in a 
fine portion of the State, and it is doing a needed 
and noble work. 



cliurch, Cleveland, 0., where he still remains. In 
June, 1879, was graduated with the degree of A.B. 
from the University of Rochester. Has published 
sermons and reviews, and he is regarded as a young 
man of great energy and promise. 

Muir, Rev. William, was born in Scotland in 
February, 1829. His parents were Presbyterians, 
and he received a careful religious training from 
them. For several years he devoted himself to 
agricultural pursuits. When he was seventeen 
years of age he was apprenticed to learn a trade, 
and continued at the same until 1860. When he 




MOUNT PLEASANT COLLEGE. 



Koxom, Rev. P. S., was born in Palermo, 
Canada, Aug. 10, 1848. Removed when a child to 
Ogle Co., 111. In January, 1862, went out with 
the 78th 111. Regiment, as page to Capt. Bewley. 
A few days after the battle of Fort Donelson, at 
the age of fifteen, he enlisted in the 17th 111. Cav- 
alry, and served until Nov. 28, 1865. Jan. 1, 1866, 
he entered Kalamazoo College, Mich., where he was 
converted and baptized into the fellowship of the 
Battle Creek church by his father, Rev. J. H. 
Moxom. In the autumn of 1868 he entered Shurt- 
leff College, where he remained until 1870, when 
he returned to Michigan to teach. In 1871 en- 
gaged in the study of law, but in a little while 
abandoned that for the ministry. His first settle- 
ment was at Bellevue, Mich., where he received 
ordination. In October, 1872, became pastor of the 
church at Albion, Mich., and in 1875 removed to 
Rochester, N. Y., to pursue theological studies. 
During the period of his studies in Rochester was 
pastor of the church at Mount Morris. AVas called, 
in November, 1879, to the pastorate of the First 



grew up to manhood he connected himself with 
the Presbyterian Church, although, as he subse- 
quently had reason to believe, he knew nothing of 
experimental religion. In 1852 he left his native 
country and came to Canada, taking up his resi- 
dence near Toronto. Early in the year 1855 he 
met with a severe accident, which laid him aside 
from labor for two months. Having recovered 
measurably from its effects, he returned to his 
usual employment. Two days after recommencing 
work he was caught in the machinery, and came to 
all appearance within a hair's breadth of losing his 
life. These providences of God aroused his atten- 
tion, in connection with the warm appeals of a 
personal friend, and he became a hopeful Christian. 
In a little more than a year he and his wife were 
baptized and joined the church at Cheltenham. 
Here he remained four years, when he was li- 
censed to preach the gospel. At once he went to 
the Canadian Literary Institute to acquire an edu- 
cation, in which he spent three years, and then was 
ordained to the work of the gospel ministry. Hav- 



MULCAHY 



3IUNR0 



ing devoted seven years to the pastoral work, he 
became, in April, 1871, office editor and business 
manager of the Canadian Baptist, tlie recognized 
organ of the Baptist denomination in the provinces 
of Ontario, Quebec, and Manitoba. In 1874 he 
became managing editor, and virtually, proprietor, 
which position he still retains. 

Mulcahy, Rev. Michael, was born in Fermoy, 
County of Cork, Ireland, in 1842. He received a 
good education in England, where he spent his 
youth ; in 1867 he emigrated to Canada, was con- 
verted in 1869, and joined the Baptist church at 
Boston, where his natural eloquence and pleadings 
<br Jesus led many to believe. He prepared for 
the ministry at Woodstock, preaching to destitute 
churches while pursuing his studies. He was suc- 
cessively pastor at Grand Blanc, Canada ; Ovid, 
Mich. ; South Bend, Ind. ; and Little Rock, Ark., 
where he was also chaplain of the State senate. 
An attack of hemorrhage compelled him to seek 
health in California. Reaching San Francisco, 
Sept. 4, 1873, he was called to the vacant pulpit of 
the First church. His fervid eloquence drew large 
audiences to the church, and he was on the eve' of 
an evident revival when a return of his old disease 
brought him to an early grave. He died Jan. 4, 
1874. 

Mulford, Rev. Clarence W., was born at Sa- 
lem, N. J., June 8, 1805 ; was converted and bap- 
tized at nineteen ; studied at Princeton for a time ; 
■was ordained pastor of the Baptist church at Pem- 
berton, N. J., in November, 1830. He was five 
years there, and nearly ten at Hightstown. His 
pastorates at Flemington and Holmdel yielded much 
fruit. He was particularly blessed in leading souls 
to Christ. He frequently assisted neighboring pas- 
tors. His voice had unusual power to attract and 
impress. He was one of the early friends of the 
New Jersey State Convention, was for several years 
its secretary, and its president from 1843 to 1849. 
In the early days of the temperance reformation 
he stood almost alone, but he was a brave advocate 
in the face of opposition. Through failure of 
health he was obliged to give up preaching for the 
most part in the latter years of his life, but having 
studied medicine, he was very useful in that pro- 
fession, at the same time ministering to the spiritual 
comfort of his patients. He died June 28, 1864, 
at Flemington, N. J. 

Mulford, Hon. Horatio J., was bom at Canton, 
N. J., Jan. 16, 1818. He was trained to business, 
and has been engaged for many years in the man- 
agement of his own, and in taking part in public 
affairs. He was baptized at Bridgeton, and united 
with the First Baptist church in 1853. He was 
•elected deacon in 1856, and still holds the office. 
He was for a long time superintendent of the Sun- 
day-school. He is a member of the university board 



at Lewisburg, a trustee of the Crozer Theological 
Seminary, and a manager of the Baptist Publica- 
tion Society. He is greatly interested in the edu- 
cation of the ministry ; has been president of the 




HON. HOR.\TIO J. MULFORD. 

New Jersey Baptist Education Society since 1857, 
and still holds that office. His earnestness, execu- 
tive ability, and liberality have been particularly 
prominent in bringing the South Jersey Institute to 
its present prosperity. Mr. Mulford's sympathies 
go far beyond the societies with which he is offi- 
cially connected.. His help is relied upon by those 
who take the largest views of spreading the gospel. 

Mundy, Rev. J. A., was born in Virginia about 
1835 ; graduated at Richmond College in 1858, and 
was pastor of several important churches in Vir- 
ginia before he removed to North Carolina, in 1875. 
He has been for more than four years pastor of the 
Warrenton church. Mr. Mundy is regarded as one 
of the finest preachers in the State. 

Munro, Rev. Andrew Heber, was born in Sur- 
rey, England, in 1827, of Scotch parents. He was 
chiefly educated at home, but went for a time to a 
private institution in the south of London, and 
from thence to the Normal College of the British 
and Foreign School Society. After a short attend- 
ance at the college, he was sent out by the society 
as one of the teachers of a Model and Normal 
School established by the government of New 
Brunswick. He afterwards taught for a time in 
the Methodist College at Sackville, and subse- 
quently became Latin and mathematical tutor in 
the Baptist Seminary at Fredericton, New Bruns- 



MUNRO 



MURDOCK 



wick, where he also read theology with Dr. Spur- 
den. AVhile at the seminary he hegan preaching, 
the scene of his labors being the Welsh settlement 
of Cardigan, nineteen miles distant, and was in- 
strumental in the conversion of a large number of 
persons. He was ordained at Digby, Nova Scotia, 
in 1857. In 1860 he took charge of the North Bap- 
tist church, Halifax, Nova Scotia, whei-e he re- 
mained nearly seven years. From thence he went 
to the First church, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, and 
after a short pastorate removed to Liverpool, in the 
same province. In 1869 he accepted a cordial in- 
vitation to Alexander Street church, Toronto, Onta- 
rio, where, during seven years, his ministry was 
highly appreciated by the church and community. 
He then entered upon his present charge, the pas- 
torate of the First church, Montreal, and shortly 
after his settlement the church received into its fel- 
lowship nearly the entire membership of the St. 
Catharine Street church. During his ministry of 
twenty-four years he has been permitted to see 
several extensive revivals of religion. 

As a public speaker, Mr. Munro is one of the 
most attractive and popular men in the Dominion 
of Canada. Both in the pulpit and on the platform 
he is at once powerful, graceful, and eloquent. He 
is one of the trustees of the Toronto Baptist Col- 
lege, and secretary of the Eastern Missionary Con- 
vention and of the Baptist Union of Canada. 

Mimro, Rev. James, was born in Scotland in 
1784 : converted in 1806 in Chester. Nova Scotia ; 
baptized in New York in 1807 : returned to Nova 
Scotia, and commenced preaching in Halifax ; 
evangelized with Rev. Joseph Crandall, in 1815, to 
the east of Halifax ; ordained in 1816, and evan- 
gelized on eastern shores of New Brunswick, and 
in 1818 up the St. John River: became pastor at 
Onslow in 1819, and continued in this relation un- 
til his death, July 3, 1838. Possessing a keen, 
logical mind, sterling integrity, fervent piety, and 
sound theology, Mr. Munro's ministry was highly 
useful. 

Munster, The TTproar at. — See article on Ana- 
baptists. 

Miinzer, Thomas. — See article on Anabaptists. 

Murch, William Harris, D.D., was born at 
Honiton, England, May 17, 1784. He was en- 
tered as a student for the ministry at an Independ- 
ent college when he was quite a lad. Here that 
most charming little book, Fuller's " Life of Samuel 
Pearce," fell into his hands, and led him to abandon 
the Arian belief, in which he had been brought 
up, and to embrace evangelical truth. In May, 
1802, he was baptized by Dr. Rippon, at Carter 
Lane meeting-house, London, being then seventeen. 
He continued his studies for two years longer, and 
subsequently preached in several places Avithout 
any stated charge. On .John Foster's retirement 



from the pastorate of Sheppard's Barton church, 
Frome, Mr. Murch succeeded him, having previ- 
ously supplied the pulpit for six months during 
Mr. Foster's affliction. He remained pastor, with 
many evidences of usefulness, for twenty-one years, 
when he was invited to the presidency of Stepney 
College, the Baptist theological seminary in the 
metropolis. He entered upon his work there in 
1827. During his presidency the interests of the 
college were diligently advanced, and a large num- 
ber of students prepared for the ministry. AVhen 
he retired from this position, in 1844, after seven- 
teen years' service, the tutors and students of the 
colleges at Bristol, Bradford, and Stepney combined 
to do honor to him for his worth and usefulness. 
The degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by 
Brown University during his presidential course. 
He presided over the church at Rickmansworth for 
a short time, and rendered occasional services to 
churches in and around London until compelled by 
illness to retire from public employments. He died 
at Bath, July 12, 1859, and was buried at Frome, 
the scene of his early labors. During his residence 
in London he identified himself with all the literary 
and religious institutions of the denomination. He 
was one of the secretaries of the Baptist Union from 
1834 to 1846, secretary of the Baptist Board from 
1837 to 1843, and gave his care and interest to the 
"New Selection Hymn-Book" for several years. 
His end was peculiarly peaceful and edifying. His 
mind was unclouded and serene to the last. He 
had made daily allusion to his approaching depart- 
ure for several months, and expressed himself as 
ready and waiting. His last words, an hour be- 
fore his death, were, "Precious Saviour! all is 
right; precious Saviour !" 

Murdock, John Nelson, D.D., was born in Os- 
wego, N. Y.. Dec. 8, 1820, and received his early 
religious education among the Methodists. His 
devoted Christian mother named him after one of 
the co-laborers of John Wesley, and her earnest 
prayer was that he might become a minister of the 
gospel. He was fitted for college by teachers well 
qualified for their work, one of them, Master Ho- 
gan, having been educated at Oxford University. 
In consequence of his father's death he was obliged 
to give up the idea of taking a collegiate course. 
Having chosen the legal profession for his future 
vocation, he commenced his law studies, and while 
engaged in them carried on special courses of math- 
ematics and languages, including French and Ger- 
man. Having completed his law studies, he was 
admitted to the bar. At the age of seventeen he 
became a hopeful Christian, and united with the 
Methodist Church in his native city. Not long 
after commencing the practice of his profession his 
religious life was greatly quickened, and the duty 
and privilege of serving his Master in the ministry 



MVRDOCK 



824 



MURPHY 



of the Word was so impressed upon him that he 
was licensed to preach. While supplying the pul- 
pit of a Methodist church in Jordan, N. Y., in 1841, 
his attention was drawn to the subject of baptism. 




JOHN NELSON MURDOCK, D.D. 

and as the result of his investigations he was bap- 
tized in 1842, at Durhamville, N. Y., by Rev. Sey- 
mour W. Adams, late of Cleveland, 0. His ordina- 
tion as a Baptist minister took place at Waterville, 
N. Y., in May, 1842, when he was but a few months 
beyond his majority. Here he remained until Jan- 
uary, 1846, when he became pastor of the church in 
Albion, N. Y. In April, 1848, he entered upon 
his duties as pastor of the South church, in Hart- 
ford, from which place he was called to the pastor- 
ate of the Bowdoin Square church, Boston, his 
service there commencing Jan. 1, 1857, and con- 
tinuing until Jan. 1, 1863, a period of just six years. 
In July of this year he was elected secretary of the 
Missionary Union, which position he now holds. 

During a part of the time of Dr. Murdock's min- 
istry in Hartford — i.e., 1853-56 — he was joint editor 
with Rev. Di-. R. TurnbuU of the Christian Review. 
The number of his published sermons is twenty- 
one. All of these were called for by the bodies be- 
fore which they were delivered. The amount of 
literary work which he has done in his extensive 
and varied correspondence, and in the preparation 
of his valuable reports and special papers in his 
official relations to the Missionary Union, it is im- 
possible to compute. Honored and beloved by the 
denomination which he has so long and so faithfully 
served. Dr. Murdock takes a high place in the front 



ranks of her most worthy and distinguished mem- 
bers. He received the honorary degree of Doctor 
of Divinity from Rochester University in 1854. 

Murfee, James T., LL.D. — His paternal grand- 
father was the Rev. Simon Murfee, a prominent 
Baptist minister of the Portsmouth Association, 
Southampton Co., Va. His ancestors were a pious 
people, and they were Baptists. The subject of this 
sketch was born in Southampton Co., Va., Sept. 13, 
1833. His early home surroundings were of the 
best character. He graduated from the Virginia 
Military Institute at Lexington in 1853, without a 
single demerit and with the highest honors of his 
class. Soon after graduating he was elected Pro- 
fessor of Mathematics and Natural Sciences in 
Madison College. Thence called to Lynchburg 
College, where he united with the Baptist Church 
in 1857 ; was called to the University of Alabama 
in 1860 as Professor of Mathematics, and became 
commandant of cadets in that institution. At the 
close of the war he was employed as architect to 
design and erect new buildings for the institution. 
He then recommended " a new scheme of university 
organization," which was adopted by the trustees, 
but was defeated by State reconstruction. He was 
called to the presidency of Howard College to put 
in operation a plan which promised results so long 
felt as most desirable. The work accomplished at 
Howard College since the introduction of the sys- 
tem of college administration originated by James 
T. Murfee bears testimony to the superiority of the 
method employed. This position he still holds to 
the universal satisfaction of the denomination. 

Murphy, John R., D.D., was born Dec. 8, 1820, 
in Cape May Co., N. J. As he approached man- 
hood he concluded to study law, but after his 
conversion felt constrained to devote his life to 
the ministry. He was baptized, in 1841, by 
Rev. J. H. Kennard, D.D., and united with the 
Tenth Baptist church, Philadelphia. He pursued 
his studies for a time at Branchtown, Pa., and at 
the old Germantown Academy. He graduated 
from Madison University in August, 1849, and 
was ordained in Philadelphia in 1849. From 1850 
to 1852 he was pastor of the Greenwich Baptist 
church, Cumberland Co., N. J. From 1853 to 1859 
he was pastor of the Marlton church, Burlington 
Co., N. J. Prom 1859 to 1872 he was pastor of 
the First Baptist church, Salem, N. J. During 
these years of labor in New Jersey he was closely 
identified with the Baptist enterprises in the State. 
During 1864 he spent some time at White- House 
and City Point, Va., with the Union army, as a 
member of the Christian Commission. In 1872 he 
accepted a call to the pastorate of the First Baptist 
church, Des Moines, in which position he remained 
till September, 1879, sharing with his brethren in 
Iowa the responsibilities of the general work. At 



MURPET 



825 



MURROW 



present he is residing near Winterset, Iowa, wait- 
ing for improved health to resume pastoral work. 
During his twenty-seven and a half years of minis- 
terial labor he has received into the four churches 
he has served nearly 1000 members, over 600 of 
whom came by baptism. 

Murphy, Rev. Joseph, like his brother Wil- 
liam, was made a happy subject of redeeming 
grace in early life, and a preacher of the blessed 
gospel. He and his brother were sneeringly called 
"the Murphy boys," because of theiryouth. Joseph 
gave great diligence to his education after his con- 
version, that he might be fully qualified to preach 
the gospel. He had mental power, ready wit, and 
fearless courage, and he had a heart in which Christ 
reigned supreme. After preaching with much suc- 
cess in his native Virginia, he took charge of the 
church in Deep Creek, Surrey Co., N. C. In his 
new home he was eminently useful, and soon be- 
came the leading minister in the Yadkin Associa- 
tion. His influence also had weight in South Caro- 
lina. He was living in 1803, and had passed his 
eightieth year, an honored and happy Christian. 

Murphy, Rev, William, was led to the Saviour 
and baptized by the celebrated Shubal Stearns. 
His talents were respectable, his faith vigorous, 
and his zeal burning. He was the chief instru- 
ment in leading Col. Samuel Harris to Jesus, and 
he was also favored in bringing a whole harvest of 
souls to the same blessed Redeemer. Mr. Murphy 
had not only a sound Christian experience, but his 
doctrines were those of Calvin, Augustine, and 
Paul. In the year 1775, when the churches were 
agitated by the Arminian controversy, Mr. Murphy, 
with great ability and success, defended sovereign 
and efficacious grace. He went to Kentucky for a 
permanent home, where he labored with the divine 
approval for a few years, and then was transferred 
to the church in glory. 

Murphy, Hon. William D., was bom in New 

York, June 4, 1796 ; died Aug. 26, 1877. A full 
record of the life of Mr. Murphy would present an 
illustration of the success and intellectual develop- 
ment that so often attend upon young men whose 
hearts are influenced by correct religious princi- 
ples, and who are diligent in business. He had 
received an English education, but with a wonder- 
ful memory, great power of observation, and re- 
markable conversational abilities, he was enabled 
to make up for any deficiencies in his earlier op- 
portunities. His life was one of continuous study 
as well as activity. He was greatly respected in 
his native city, and was often called to fill im- 
portant trusts. As member of common council in 
1841 and 1842, and of the board of education for 
several years, he manifested great interest in the 
schools, and conscientiously discharged his duties. 
In public discussions he displayed much ability, 
53 



and was full of quiet wit and humor, and master 
of an audience. 

He was hopefully converted in June, 1813, and 
joined the Mulberry Street church. New York. 
In 1828 he removed his membei-ship to the Oliver 
Street church, of which he was made a trustee, and 
for many years took a deep interest in its welfare. 
As a lay preacher, he often delighted in bringing 
the consolations of the gospel before the destitute 
in the asylums of New York, and few men were 
more widely known or more warmly welcomed. 
He enjoyed a happy old age in the bosom of his 
family, where he was greatly beloved by .an affec- 
tionate household. He published, as the result of 
the leisure of his later years, a volume entitled 
"The Advent, and other Poems and Hymns." He 
represented a New York district in the United 
States Congress for two years. 

Murrow, Rev. Joseph Samuel, a missionary 
to the Choctaw Indians, in the Indian Territory, 
sent out and supported by the Rehoboth Baptist 
Association of Georgia, was born in JeS'erson Co., 
Ga., June 7, 1835. He became a Christian at a 
very early age, and received academical instruction 
in youth. He joined Green Fork Baptist church, 
in Burke Co., Ga., at nineteen ; was licensed at 
twenty. In 1855, at the age of twenty, he entered 
Mercer University, where he pursued his studies 
diligently until ordained and sent out as a mission- 
ary to the Indian Territory in the fall of 18.57. In 
November of that year he began what has proved 
to be a long, laborious, and useful missionary life, 
in which much of hardship and suffering has been 
mingled with great success and joy. 

He settled at North Fork town, and began his 
missionary work among the Creeks, among whom 
he labored most assiduously for two years. He 
then removed to Little River, Creek Nation, and 
began a work among the Seminoles. In 1861 he 
constituted the first Baptist church ever formed 
among that tribe. During the war the Seminoles 
selected him as their agent, in transactions with 
the government, to receive their food and supplies ; 
and, as he was cut off from the Association which 
sustained him, he was thus supported ; but he 
never forgot his character as a missionary, nor 
ceased to maintain it, while performing his official 
duties to the satisfaction of both the government 
and tribe. One of the first structures built always 
was a bush arbor for preaching services. For sev- 
eral years he and his wife lived thus with the Sem- 
inoles, during which period he baptized 200 of that 
nation, and may thus be considered the father of 
the mission work among the Seminoles. Three- 
fifths of the adults of that nation are now Baptists. 

The war closed in 1865, and his duties as Indian 
agent came to an end. Being still cut off from his 
Association, he took refuge for a year in Texas, 



MURSELL 



MUSGROVE 



but returned in 1866, settling at Atoka, Choctaw 
Nation, the first missionary to return to the Indian 
field after the war. He found the Choctaw mission 
in a very demoralized condition, and proceeded at 
once to reorganize the churches, in which he was 
very successful, constituting a large Association, 
and putting the Sunday-school work on a healthy 
basis. The Baptist Theological School, for train- 
ing teachers and preachers, now being established at 
Tallequah, Cherokee Nation, by the Home Mission 
Society of the North, is the conception of his brain. 
He has now been a missionary among the Indians 
for twenty-four years, has preached thousands of 
sermons, traveled hundreds of thousands of miles, 
and baptized over a thousand Indians, yet there 
is no abatement in his desire to live and labor for 
the triumph of the gospel among the red men of 
the West. 

Mursell, Rev. James, the eldest son of the Rev. 
J. P. Mursell, was born at Leicester, England, July 
22, 1829. He received a liberal education, and 
after two or three years of secular employment, in 
connection with the great railway works of Sir 
Morton Peto, he determined to give himself to min- 
isterial work, having previously been baptized and 
received into his father's church at Leicester. After 
a brief period of study and tutorial work at Aber- 
deen, he entered Bristol College, and at the con- 
clusion of the college course he was invited to the 
pastorate of the church at Kettering, as successor to 
the Rev. William Robinson, who had recently re- 
moved to Cambridge. For seventeen years Mr. 
Mursell labored at Kettering, with a zeal, devotion, 
and power which attracted general interest and en- 
couraged the highest expectations. Few men were 
mere genial in manners, or had more attached 
friends. A new edifice was erected more worthy 
of the denominational celebrity of the town, and 
better adapted to the wants of the congregation. 
He removed from Kettering to Bradford in 1870, 
and after a brief pastorate there, settled at New- 
castle-on-Tyne in 1872. In the fullness of success- 
ful labors and growing influence he died. May 28, 
1875, in his forty-sixth year. 

Mursell, Rev. James Philippo, was born at 
Lymington, England, in 1800. His father, Rev. 
William Mursell, labored for many years in that 
town and neighborhood as a Baptist pastor. Mr. 
James P. Mursell was educated at the famous 
Baptist school conducted by the Rev. James Hinton, 
of Oxford, and having given abundant evidence of 
ministerial gifts in village preaching, he was en- 
tered at Bristol College in 1822. His remarkable 
ability as a preacher procured him several over- 
tures from pastorless churches before his course o-f 
study was completed, and in 1825 he commenced his 
stated ministry as pastor of the church at Wells, 
Somersetshire. In 1826, on the removal of Robert 



Hall from Leicester to Bristol, the attention of the 
church at Leicester was directed to Mr. Mursell, 
and in the following year he entered upon his min- 
istry as Mr. Hall's successor in the pastorate. For 
nearly fifty years Mr. Mursell continued to min- 
ister to the same church, and he was the recognized 
leader of the denomination in the midland district. 
In conjunction with Mr. Edward Miall he took a 
conspicuous part in organizing the anti-state- 
church movement, in 1843. He occupied the chair 
of the Baptist Union in 1864, and presided over the 
first of the autumnal assemblies of that body. 
Throughout his long and honorable career Mr. 
Mursell rendered valuable service to the denomi- 
national interests, particularly in connection with 
the foreign missions, of which for many years he 
was one of the Committee of Management. 

Muscatine, Iowa. — The Baptist church at this 
place is among the oldest churches of the State. 
It was constituted in 1841, and has always held a 
good position among the churches of Iowa. It has 
a substantial meeting-house, valued at $14,000, 
and 202 members. 

Muse, Rev. Thomas, of Cuthbert, Ga., was 
born in Middlesex Co., Va., Jan. 6, 1810. His 
grandparents were natives of England. At seven- 
teen years of age Mr. Muse began to engage in 
mercantile pursuits, which he continued for four- 
teen years. In 1832 he was b.aptized, and four 
years after removed to Georgia, settling in Blakely, 
Early Co. While still merchandising he gradually 
entered into the duties of a minister, led on by his 
zeal and the necessity for ministerial labor in his 
neighborhood. In consequence he was licensed 
May 7, 1837, and ordained in December, 1840, to 
take charge of a church organized in Blakely out 
of material resulting from his own personal labors, 
and which before he left its service numbered 200 
members. Mr. Muse moved to Cuthbert to take 
charge of a church there, and also of one in Randolph 
County ; and has continued to the present time a 
faithful, laborious, and successful minister and 
pastor. He has succeeded in winning souls to 
Christ far beyond what is granted to most pas- 
tors, for more than 4000 have been baptized by his 
own hands. He has been greatly beloved by his 
churches, and his pastorates have lasted from four 
to twenty years. He aided in establishing the 
Baptist Female College in Cuthbert, and became 
president of its board of trustees. For twenty 
years he has been moderator of the Bethel Asso- 
ciation, and for forty years has been actively en- 
gaged in all its interests. 

Musgrove, Rev. Thomas Jefferson, was born 

in Mason Co., Ky., Jan. 30, 1837. His parents re- 
moved to Clark Co., Mo., in 1840. The subject of 
this sketch finished his college course when twenty- 
four years of age. In May, 1861, he was ordained 



MUSIC 



827 



NASHVILLE 



to the ministry. In 1867 he took charge of the 
public schools in Alexandria, Mo. Afterwards he 
established the Pleasant Hill Academy, where he 
taught for four years. Then he accepted the charge 
of the schools in Alexandria a second time. After 
laboring for two years in this capacity he estab- 
lished Alexandria College, of which he is the presi- 
dent. He is a Baptist, and a man of energy, 
character, and usefulness. 

Music, Rev. Thomas R., was born Oct. 17, 
1756 ; was converted at the age of seventeen. He 
spent his early life in North Carolina. He came to 
Missouri with his family in 1803. He lived in St. 
Louis County. In 1807 he organized the Fee Fee 
church, among the constituent inembers of which 
were Adam Martin and his wife Mary, Richard 
and Jane Sullens, Thos. R. Music and his wife 
Sarah. Elder Brown, from Kentucky, and John 
Clark, labored with Mr. Music, who died in 1842, 
Mr. Music preached in Missouri, where he was 
persecuted by Catholics, and needed a gun to 



I guard him from Indians. He is buried in the 
church grounds at Fee Fee. The old people still 
cherish his memory. 

Mynatt, Rev. Wm. C, was born in Knox Co., 
Tenn., Nov. 16, 1808, and was baptized by Rev. 
Samuel Love, in 1832; removed to Asheville, Ala., 
in 1833, and that year he began to preach, and was 
ordained in 1836, in Cherokee County, where, in 
conhection with other counties, he spent his best 
days as a minister, living ten ye.ars of that time in 
De Kalb County ; spent several years as missionary 
of the Domestic Mission Board, and was unques- 
tionably the leading minister in that part of the 
State, In 1857 he removed to Calhoun County, 
where he still resides and labors for Christ ; though 
seventy-two years old he is constantly active. He 
has baptized large numbers of converts, and has 
been a most trustworthy and gifted minister of 
the gospel. His son, Rev. J. B. Mynatt, and his 
brother. Rev, Gordon Mynatt, are also worthy Bap- 
tist ministers. 



N. 



B"ash, Rev. C, H., was born at North Gran- 
ville, Washington Co,, N, Y,, Dec, 6, 1835 ; and 
nine years from that time was born again ; but for 
want of proper instruction and encouragement, 
was not baptized until 1850. He became impressed 
that it was his duty to preach the gospel, and in 
1857 commenced a preparatory course at Troy Con- 
ference Academy, Poultney, Vt. ; and two years 
later entered on the regular course at Madison Uni- 
versity. Hamilton, N. Y. Completing his studies 
at Hamilton, he was called, in 1864, to the pastorate 
of the Baptist church at Westport, N. Y. Here he 
was ordained. He remained at Westport four 
years and a half, during which the church was 
considerably increased and strengthened. In 1869 
he visited Glen's Falls, N. Y., and after supplying 
the pulpit of the Baptist church there for a few 
months, accepted the call of the church to the pas- 
torate, and labored with much success for ten years 
and a half. In 1879 he resolved to enter some 
mission field in the great West. Finding a little dis- 
couraged, scattered church at Concordia, Kansas, he 
commenced labor there under the appointment of 
the Home Mission Society. During two years this 
church has doubled in membership, and has now a 
neat brick edifice nearly completed. With the ad- 
vantage of this new church, centrally located, and 
with the Lord's blessing, there is a good work in 
prospect at Concordia, 



Nash, John Anson, D.D., was born in Shel- 

burn, Chenango Co., N. Y., July 11, 1815. In his 
sixteenth year he united with the Methodist Church, 
and soon after he embraced Baptist views. Feeling 
called to preach the gospel, he entered Madison 
University in 1836, and graduated from college in 
1842, and from the seminary in 1844. Having ac- 
cepted a call from the Baptist church at Water- 
town, N. Y., he immediately entered upon the duties 
of his pastorate, and was ordained in September, 
1844. He remained at Watertown about six years. 
In 1850 he came to Iowa. He has preached to the 
Baptist churches in Des Moines about seventeen 
and a half years ; has extended his labors far into 
the surrounding country, gathering and organizing 
nearly thirty Baptist churches. In 1865, on the 
starting of the University of Des Moines, by the 
advice of the movers in this enterprise, he resigned 
his pastorate and entered upon its work ; first as 
financial agent, then as professor, and for several 
years he has been its president, which ofiBce he now 
holds. Much of this time, however, he has spent 
in supplying destitute churches in the surrounding 
region. In 1877 he received the degree of D.D. 
from the University of Chicago, 

Nashville, First Colored Church of.— Rev, N, 
G. Merry became pastor of this community in 1853, 
when it was a branch of the First church of white 
Baptists. Since that time the organization has be- 




FIRST COLORED BAPTIST CHURCH, NASHVILLE, TENN. 



NASHVILLE 



829 



NATIONAL 



come independent, and it has been unusually pros- 
perous. The church has grown from 100 to 2300 
members, and it has built four times since 1853. 
Their present edifice cost ?2fj,000, and it will seat 
1300 persons. It is an honor to the colored Bap- 
tists of the State. 

Nashville Institute is situated one mile froni 
Nashville, Tenn., upon a property containing thirty 
acres, adjoining the Vanderbilt University grounds. 
The site is high, and commands an unsurpassed 
prospect of the city and surrounding country. The 
estate was bought in the spring of 1874 for the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society, at a cost 



The institute has a " Normal," an "Academic," 
a "Scientific," a " Classical," and a "Theologi- 
cal" course. It prepares young men and women 
for teaching, and it educates students for the Chris- 
tian ministry. For 1880-81 the institute had 8 
instructors and 249 students of both sexes. Nash- 
ville Institute has been and is now a rich blessing 
to the colored Baptists of this country. 

Natchez Seminary. ^This institution is devoted 
to the instruction of freedmen. It is located at 
Natchez, Miss., and is doing a noble work. The 
spring term of 1880 closed with 117 matriculates, 
of whom 31 were preparing for the ministry, and 




NVSHVIILE INSTITUTE 



of $30,000. At the time it had a mansion upon it, 
48 by 80 feet, and two stories high. The Society 
spent about $45,000 in additional buildings, exclu- 
sive of the cost of furnishing. The Institute took 
possession of its home in October, 1876. 

The mansion-house now has four stories, and 
furnishes apartments for the teachers and dormi- 
tories for the young women. Centennial Hall, 49 
by 185 feet, and four stories in height, in its ample 
basement provides accommodations for the board- 
ing department. The first story is devoted to pub- 
lic rooms, and the three stoi'ies above it furnish 
dormitories for about 140 young men. For this 
building the Institute is chiefly indebted to Mr. 
and Mrs. Nathan Bishop, of New York. 



46 design to become teachers. The institution has 
the hearty sympathy of the Baptists of Mississippi, 
and is destined to become an important factor in 
the elevation of the colored race. 

National Monitor, The, Brooklyn, N. Y., was 
established in 1870 by Rev. Rufus L. Perry as the 
official organ of the colored Baptists of the United 
States. The condition of the colored people made 
it necessary for this paper to be of a politico- 
religious character, which it still maintains. It 
circulates among the prominent colored people 
North and South, and is i-ead in Canada, Hayti, 
and Africa. It isnow one of the leading and most 
influential papers among the colored people. Rev. 
Rufus L. Perry is still editor. 



NEALE 



NEBRASKA 



Neale, RollinHeber, D.D., was bom in South- 

ington, Conn. He prepared for college in his native 
town, and graduated at Columbian College, Wash- 
ington, D- C, in the class of 1830. While a student 




in college he was ordained as pastor of the Second 
Baptist church in Washington, and preached there 
the last two years of his course. While pursuing 
his studies at the Newton Theological Institution 
he was the pastor of the South Boston Baptist 
chui-ch. He graduated at Newton in 1833. From 
the spring of 1834 to September, 1837, he was the 
pastor of the First Baptist church in Needham, 
Mass., from which place he was called to the pas- 
torate of the First Baptist church in Boston, Sept. 
17, 1837, and continued in that relation until June, 
1877, a period of nearly forty years. Few pastor- 
ates in Baptist churches have been so long, and 
few have been more harmonious. The labors of 
Dr. Neale, extending on through all these years, 
have been greatly blessed, his church, under the 
ministrations of their pastor, having been favored 
with many precious revivals of religion. 

The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred 
upon Dr. Neale by Brown University in 1850, and 
by Harvard College in 1857. He has published a 
fevr sermons, a Harvard College Dudleian lecture, 
a little volume called the "Burning Bush," and 
he has written much for the public press. Many 
of the addresses which he made (and in the making 
of which he had a most happy gift) on funeral oc- 
casions of dear friends have found their way into 
print. They were the outgushings of a warm, 



sympathizing heart, and were exceedingly appro- 
priate to the occasions upon which they were 
uttered. 

Dr. Neale visited Europe four times, one of 
which was in company with Rev. Dr. Kirk, the late 
eloquent pastor of the Mount Vernon Congrega- 
tional church, who was his companion while trav- 
eling in the Holy Land. 

For many years he was a " visitor" and an over- 
seer of Harvard University. He always took 
an interest in public affairs, and from the pulpit 
expressed his views upon the great moral questions 
of the day. He was known to be a minister of a 
kind and catholic spirit, and while he held a very 
warm place in the hearts of his own brethren in 
the ministry, he had the respect and affection of the 
clerical profession of all denominations in Boston 
and its vicinity. He entered upon his eternal re- 
ward in 1879, from the city where he lived for so 
many years. 

Nebraska. — Nebraska occupies a position near 
the centre of the republic. Bounded north by 
Dakota, east by the Missouri River, south by 
Kansas, and west by Wyoming. It was originally 
a part of the Louisiana purchase. It was organ- 
ized as a Territory May 30, 1854, by the Kansas 
and Nebraska Act. It was admitted into the 
Union as a sovereign State in March, 1867. The 
extreme length of the State from east to west is 
within a fraction of 413 miles, and its extreme 
width from north to south is 208 miles. In area 
the State contains nearly 75,995 square miles, or 
about 48,636,800 acres. The area of Nebraska is 
12,359 square miles lai-ger than all the New Eng- 
land States combined. 

Emigration into the Territory began in 1849. 
The first settlements were confined to the neighbor- 
hood of the Missouri River and a narrow strip on 
one side of the Platte. Here were, therefore, laid 
the foundations of the future churches in Nebraska. 
For religious enterprises the circumstances were 
unfavorable. The population was unstable. Some 
came to speculate in land, whose stay was tran- 
sient. But others came to remain. These were 
poor and scattered, but unity in religious beliefs 
brought these settlers together, at convenient cen- 
tres, for the service of God and for mutual edifi- 
cation. 

THE BAPTIST ASSOCIATION. 

The few Baptists who had come to the Territory 
to remain formed themselves into churches at va- 
rious points. On the 28th and 29th of May, 1858, 
at Nebraska City, the Nebraska Baptist Association 
was organized by seven churches, which had been 
previously formed. These were, in the order in 
which they were constituted, Nebraska City, Peru, 
Plattsmouth. Fontenelle, Cumming City, Rock 
Bluff, and Florence. 



NEBRASKA 



NEBRASKA 



The First Nebraska City church was recognized 
Aug. 18, 1855. 

At the organization of the Nebraska Association 
the names of only two ordained ministers appear on 
the .minutes,— Rev. J. M. Taggart and Rev. J. G. 
Bowen, missionaries of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society. If the members were few in num- 
ber, the records of the first meeting show that they 
were men of large ideas, strong faith, and a clear 
insight into the future greatness of the Territory. 
At this meeting vital questions were discussed, — 
education, Baptist literature, benevolence, temper- 
ance. Among the resolutions passed we find the 
following, so full of wisdom : 

" Resolved, That we recommend to the churches 
of this Association, when practicable, to erect their 
meeting-houses within the limits of incorporate 
towns, and that measures be taken at an early day 
to secure eligible sites for building purposes." 

The first effort at church-building by the Bap- 
tists in Nebraska was at Omaha in 1800. For years 
the growth of the churches was slow ; the faith of 
the early laborers was severely tested. 

At the fifth annual meeting of the Association 
there was an increase of one church and of 84 
members. In 1867 four churches were dismissed 
with prayers, and the Omaha Association was 
formed. Since then God has greatly blessed our 
struggling brethren in Nebraska. 

STATE CONVENTION. 

The Nebraska Baptist State Convention was or- 
ganized in 1868 to take the place of the Domestic 
Mission Board, which had been organized under a 
resolution adopted by the original Association Sept. 
10, 1864. 

The resolution reads as follows : " Resolved, That 
a missionary board of five members be appointed 
at each annual meeting of this Association, whose 
duty it shall be to ascertain the destitution of Bap- 
tist preaching as far as possible, and by correspond- 
ing with the American Baptist Home Mission So- 
ciety, and appealing to the churches composing this 
Association, to make arrangements for its supply ; 
and that we recommend to the churches the penny- 
a-week system for the purpose of carrying out this 
resolution." 

Article 2d of its constitution states the object of 
the State Convention : " The object of this body 
shall be to unite the Baptist churches of the State 
in the dissemination of the principles of the gospel 
as understood by them into all parts of the State, 
and especially, in the prosecution of domestic mis- 
sion work, to co-operate with the Baptist Home 
Mission Society." In the revised constitution of 
1879 the object is substantially the same. 

At the annual meeting in 1872 the following 
resolution was carried : 



" Resolved, That for the purpose of carrying out 
more fully the objects of the Nebraska Baptist 
State Convention we hereby incorporate ourselves 
in accordance with the laws of the State, so that 
we may acquire and hold property with which to 
educate and sustain ministers, build or aid in build- 
ing church edifices, make provision for superannu- 
ated pastors or preachers, and sustain all other in- 
stitutions by which the churches may be united in 
the dissemination of the principles of the gospel 
as understood by them in all parts of the world." 

The aim of the Convention has been hitherto to 
assist and co-operate with the Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society. At each of its annual sessions ques- 
tions of vital importance to the home field have 
been discussed. At no meeting has the work 
abroad been forgotten. 

At a meeting of the board held in October, 1877, 
it was resolved to hold a historical meeting in June, 
1878, at Nebraska City. The object of the meeting 
was to bring the Baptists together and to review 
the past. An interesting programme was prepared. 
Eminent men from abroad lent their aid. Rev. J. 
M. Taggart, the only remaining pioneer missionai-y, 
read a historical paper of much interest, in which 
he reviewed the growth and development of the 
denomination for twenty years. The meeting re- 
sulted in imparting new zeal to the brethren and 
new life to the State Convention. At the annual 
meeting in 1879, Rev. H. L. Morehouse, corre- 
sponding secretary of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society, submitted to the board of the 
State Convention a plan for practical co-operation 
with that society, which was adopted. The third 
and fourth specifications are as follows : 

" The Home Mission Society shall appropriate to 
the mission work in Nebraska a definite sum pro 
rata to receipts from the State for the fiscal year of 
the Convention ending Nov. 1, 1880, four dollars 
additional to each dollar received from the State; 
the apportions to be made, so far as possible, at the 
beginning of the year, upon a reasonable estimate 
of probable receipts, and to be corrected by actual 
experience. 

"The Convention shall superintend the work in 
the State, determine fields, nominate missionaries, 
name their salaries, and determine the time of 
labor ; the Home Mission Society to appoint and 
pay those nominated so far as they approve such 
nominations and terms." 

The existence and growth of the Baptist churt!hes 
in Nebraska are due largely to the American Bap- 
tist Home Mission Society. There is scarcely a 
church in the State which it has not aided. The 
number of self-supporting churches as yet is small. 
The majority of the pastors in active service are 
sustained in part by this society. The need for 
enlarged liberality in this field is vei-y great. 



NEBRASKA 



NEBRASKA 



EDUCATION. 

Recognizing the need and value of an educated 
ministry, the question of higher education received 
attention in the early history of this Territory. 
We find the follovring in the minutes of the State 
Convention for 1870 : 

" Your Executive Board, to which was referred, 
by a resolution passed at the last annual session, 
the subject of a denominational educational insti- 
tution for the State, respectfully report that the 
duty charged upon them has been fulfilled, as will 
be seen by referring to the proceedings of the board 
meeting published in last year's minutes. So far 
as the members of the Executive Board have knowl- 
edge, no definite propositions for the location of a 
Baptist college have as yet been received which 
were of such a character as to warrant your com- 
mittee in recommending a location, as was contem- 
plated in that resolution. 

" Your committee would further add that the 
subject of the founding of a Baptist college in Ne- 
braska, while it is one of the greatest importance 
to our interests, is one -which should demand and 
receive the most careful deliberation at our hands. 
We are warned on every hand by the experience 
of our brethren in other States, as well as by that 
of other denominations in our own State, that the 
attempt to build up at too early a day in the history 
of a State such an institution as is contemplated in 
your resolution of last year is not only full of 
difficulty, but of real danger to the interests it is 
designed to support. It imposes a pecuniary bur- 
den not easily borne even in wealthy communities 
and with favorable surroundings, — a burden which, 
in our estimation, it would be unwise for us at pres- 
ent to assume. 

"Your committee are of opinion that the follow- 
ing "are esse.itial to success in a denominational 
college enterprise in Nebraska : 

" 1st. That it be located in the midst of earnest 
and able friends. 

" 2d. That it have sufficient local subscriptions to 
erect suitable buildings in which to open the school, 
and a fair sum towards an endowment. 

" 3d. Denominational unity in the State in refer- 
ence to its support as a part of the list of agencies 
for carrying on the work of this Convention. 

"We therefore recommend that further action in 
this matter be dispensed with until God by his 
providence shall show us that we are in possession 
of the conditions which will insure success ; and 
that in the mean time the brethren residing in local- 
ities where circumstances are favorable aim at the 
establishment of local seminaries and academies 
mainly self-supporting, which may in the future, 
when our wants and our ability warrant it, become 
the nuclei of such an institution as shall reflect 
credit upon our denomination and our State." 



This question was considei'ed each subsequent 
year until the meeting of the Executive Board of 
the State Convention held in Hastings in May, 
1880, when Mr. Eddy, a Baptist of Gibbon, was 
present to invite the attention of the Educational 
Committee to an opportunity offered at that place. 
After correspondence on the subject, the chairman 
of the committee visited Gibbon, and learned that 
there was a prospect of obtaining a good donation 
if we would locate our Baptist school there. A 
report was made at the meeting of the Executive 
Board in Blair, Aug. 4, 1880, and the following 
resolution was passed : 

^^ Resolved, That we locate our Baptist school at 
Gibbon, provided the citizens of Gibbon and vicinity 
will donate a certain brick building, three stories 
high, 40 by 60 feet, together with five acres of land, 
and $1000 for repairs and alterations ; also $1000 
per year for three years as tuition for pupils of the 
district above the primary department." 

A request was made by the Executive Board that 
the Educational Committee proceed at once to secure 
the property and open a school as soon as possible. 

A special meeting of the Executive Board was 
called to meet at Lincoln, Aug. 16, at which reso- 
lutions were passed appointing the Rev. G. W. Read 
as principal of the school, and giving it the name 
of Nebraska Baptist Seminary. The appointment 
was accepted, and a meeting arranged between the 
Educational Committee and the citizens of Gibbon 
for Aug. 23. At this meeting the citizens agreed 
to comply with the conditions expressed in the 
resolution. 

Papers were drawn and the building transferred 
to .the Nebraska Baptist State Convention. The 
money promised for repairs was paid, and the 
building is now undergoing repairs. School will 
be commenced about Nov. 1, 1880. The property 
is valued at $15,000. 

Statistical Report of Associations. 



Associations. 


Number of 
CImrclies. 


Number of 
Members. 




13 
15 
16 
11 
21 
15 
17 
11 
9 
3 
T 




Qn,^l)a 






575 




458 




607 








67'2 




201 




428 


German 


145 




80 






Associations, 10. 


138 


4855 



The following ministers have done noble work 
in other States, and are at present in active service 
in Nebraska: Rev. 0. A. Buzzell, Juniata; Rev. 
W. S. Gee, Lincoln ; Rev. J. Gunderman, Central 
City; Rev. N. P. Hotchkiss, Pawnee City; Rev. 



NELSON 



NELSON 



J. Lewelling, Weston ; Rev. S. B. Mayo, Beaver 
City; Rev. J. W. Osborn, Fremont; Rev. Amos 
Pratt, Exeter; Prof. C. C. Bush, St. Edward's; 
Rev. I. R. Shanafelt, Macon ; Rev. G. W. Taylor, 
Blair; Rev. E. D. Thomas, Liberty ; Rev. T. K. 
Tyson, Wahoo ; Rev. A. Weaver, Loup City ; Rev. 
F. M. Williams, Ashland. 

Nelson, Rev. Ebenezer, was born in Middle- 
borough, Mass., Nov. 9, 1787, and received his 
early education in Taunton and South Reading, 
and entered upon mercantile pursuits in Provi- 
dence, R. I. At the age of twenty-nine years he 
made a public profession of his faith, and was bap- 
tized by Rev. Dr. Gano. Soon after he commenced 
to study for the ministry, being for a part of the 
time a pupil of Rev. Dr. Chaplin, afterwards pres- 
ident of Waterville College. He was ordained as 
pastor of the Baptist church in Lynn, Mass., July 
26, 1820, where he remained seven years. His 
health failing, he resigned his pastorate, and was 
employed for a year in raising funds for the endow- 
ment of the Newton Theological Institution. His 
term of service being completed, he accepted a call 
to become the pastor of the AVest Cambridge church, 
and was installed Sept. 9, 1828. He remained here 
six years, and was then appointed the secretary of 
the Northern Baptist Education Society, holding 
this position for two years and a half, during which 
time he rendered most efficient service in the cause 
of ministerial education. A vacancy having oc- 
curred in the Central Baptist church in Middle- 
borough, Mass., he accepted a call to that church, 
and for fourteen years was their pastor, his labors 
being greatly blessed in the conversion of sinners 
and the building up of the church. He took also a 
deep interest in promoting the prosperity of Pierce 
Academy, an institution which accomplished so 
much good in the mental and moral training of 
scores of both sexes. His health failing again, he 
resigned his ministry. He continued to perform 
such service as he could for the cause he so much 
loved, but gradually he wasted away under the dis- 
ease which finally proved fatal. He died at Lynn, 
whither he had removed from Middleborough, April 
6, 1852. 

Few ministers in Massachusetts labored more 
faithfully or accomplished more good than Eben- 
ezer Nelson. His name and memory are greatly 
revered to this day in the places where he labored 
as an ambassador of the Lord Jesus Christ. 

Nelson, Rev. James, was born in Mississippi 
in 1841 ; was educated at Center College, Danville, 
Ky. His great work was in connection with the 
boai-d of ministerial education of Mississippi Col- 
lege. His field was Mississippi, Arkansas, and 
Louisiana, where his name will long be affection- 
ately remembered. Through his instrumentality 
a large number of young ministers were stimulated 



to strive for higher education, and provided with 
the means to meet their expenses. Some of these 
have proved to be the most efficient ministers in 
the Southwest. He died at Clinton. Mi.ss., Jan. 21, 
1876. In connection with his educational work he 
performed a vast amount of evangelical labor. 

Nelson, Rev. James, was born in Louisa Co., 
Va., Aug. 23, 1841 ; was converted ac the age of 
fourteen, and joined the Elk Creek church. He 
was educated at Richmond and the Columbian 
College, graduating at the latter in 1866, with the 
degree of A.M. ; was licensed in 1859, and ordained 
in 1863. While a chaplain in the Confedei-ate army 
the great revival which occurred among the troops 
of Northern Virginia had its origin in his labors in 
connection with those of the Rev. Mr. Marshall, of 
Georgia. Immediately after his graduation Mr. 
Nelson became pastor of the Baptist church in 
Georgetown, D. C. In 1871 he resigned his charge 
there, and became the evangelist and Sunday-school 
missionary for Maryland and the District of Co- 
lumbia, and during the four years of his services 
in this capacity hundreds were converted and bap- 
tized, and a number of new churches formed. He 
is at present the useful pastor of the Farmville 
Baptist church, Va. He is a forcible writer, and 
occasionally contributes to the religious papers of 
the denomination. 

Nelson, Rev. Stephen S., was born in Middle- 
borough, Mass., Oct. 5, 1772, and became a mem- 
ber of the celebrated Rev. Isaac Backus's church 
when he was sixteen years of age. He graduated 
at Bi-own University in 1794 with the first honors 
of his class. He pursued his theological studies 
with Rev. Dr. Stillman, and was licensed to preach 
in the twenty-fourth year of his age. He was or- 
dained by a council selected from the Warren As- 
sociation. His first pastorate was in Hartford, 
Conn., where his labors were greatly blessed. In 
a memorable revival which occurred in Hartford 
in 1798 more than 100 were baptized into the fel- 
lowship of the Baptist church. While in Connec- 
ticut, Mr. Nelson proved himself the warm friend 
of religious liberty, and took an active part in 
urging the Baptist petition or remonstrance, ad- 
dressed to the Legislature of Connecticut, against 
the unjust law which compelled Baptists and others 
to contribute to the support of the " standing order." 
The restrictions were finally removed by the new 
constitution, which went into force in 1818. 

Mr. Nelson received and accepted, in 1801, a 
call to become pastor of the church in Mount 
Pleasant, N. Y., and to take charge of a literary 
institution in that place. In this new relation he 
met with deserved success. His subsequent pas- 
torates were in Attleborough and Plymouth, Mass., 
and in Canton, Conn. Having resigned the pas- 
torate of the church in this latter place, he removed 



NELSON 



834 



NEW BIRTH 



to Amherst, Mass., for the purpose of giving his 
sons an opportunity to take a course of study in 
Amherst College. Declining again to become a 
pastor, he preached whenever opportunity pre- 
sented in the neighboring villages. His closing 
days were days of peace and religious enjoyment. 
He died Dec. 8, 1853, at the ripe age of eighty-one 
years. 

Nelson, Rev. W. A., D.D., was born in Jeffer- 
son Co., Tenn., July 1, 1837 ; baptized by M. Gate ; 
graduated at Carson College, Tenu., in 18.59 ; or- 
dained in 1860 ; was missionary during the war ; did 
good work as a pastor at Shelbyville, Tenn., and 
was very successful at Edgefield, Nashville, where, 
under his pastorate, the church increased from 31 
to 350, and built a fine house and parsonage ; came 
to North Carolina in search of health in 1879 ; be- 
came president of Judson College, and has gone 
into the pastorate again at Shelby ; a very success- 
ful man. He received D.D. from his alma mater. 

Nevada, one of the States of the American 
Union, lying east of California, noted for its im- 
mense silver and gold mines, yielding many mil- 
lions every year. Several Baptist churches have 
been organized. Only two remain, and give prom- 
ise of permanence and growth, — one at Virginia 
City, formed in 1873, with eighteen members, and 
one at Reno, organized about 1875. Both are 
making good progress. There are only two Bap- 
tist ministers in the State engaged in the minis- 
try, — Rev. H. W. Read, of Virginia City, and Rev. 
Dr. D; B. McKenzie, at Reno. Both churches 
have good meeting-houses. There are many Bap- 
tists in the towns and mining-camps of Nevada, 
but they are members of churches elsewhere. This 
great State is ripe for cultivation by faithful Bap- 
tist missionaries. 

New Birth, The.— Nicodemus, a cultured Israel- 
ite, a sincere inquirer after truth, a loved, honored, 
and blameless citizen, at the time when he came to 
Jesus first, knew nothing of the second birth, and 
was destitute of all title to heaven. And the same 
thing is true of many of the enlightened and worthy 
of our age. Without this birth there can be no 
love for Jesus, and no taste for the gratifications 
of heaven. 

God is the author of the second birth : " As many 
as received him, to them gave he power to become 
the sons of God, even to them that believe on his 
name, who were born, not of blood, nor of the will 
of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God." — 
John i. 12, 13. In these words it is emphatically 
denied that regeneration springs from any fleshly 
or human agency, and it is ascribed wholly to God. 
Again, it is said, " The wind bloweth where it list- 
eth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst 
not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth : so 
is every one that is born of the Spirit." — John 



iii. 8. The Spirit is the regenerator of every be- 
liever. The Lord says, in Ezekiel xsxvi. 26, " A 
new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit 
will I put within you : and I will take away the 
stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you 
a heart of flesh." The new heart, the new birth, 
is the work of God's Spirit altogether. 

The new birth requires no lengthened prepara- 
tion ; the Spirit, with his instrument, the truth, 
can complete it in a second in the worst specimen 
of humanity. When the Spii-it enters the heart 
the second birth is the work of a moment, no' mat- 
ter how long penitential sorrow, unrelieved by jus- 
tifying faith, may continue. 

The new birth is not Christian baptism, in which 
it has been said that a person is " made a member 
of Christ, the child of God, and an inheritor of the 
kingdom of heaven ;" not a single one of these 
blessings was ever conferred by that solemn rite. 
It is a change of affections ; the regards of the soul 
are lifted by the Spirit of God from ourselves, the 
world, and sinful objects, and they are made to 
hunger for the Saviour. This produces an ex- 
tensive alteration in the internal and extei-nal con- 
dition of the man. He does not delight in what 
he once loved. His chief pleasure is the favor of 
Christ, for which, or for the fuller enjoyment of 
which, his soul is constantly craving. "He is a 
new creature : old things are passed away ; behold, 
all things are become new." His mind is enlight- 
ened, his will is corrected, his sins are loathed and 
forsaken, and his afiections are turned Christ- 
ward. 

The regenerated man when he is first born again 
feels repentance for sin in his heart ; this accom- 
panies the new birth invariably. He always feels 
a desire to trust in Jesus when he is born again, 
and he never rests till he has committed his soul 
to Christ. 

The regenerate man loses his old hopes and their 
foundation as soon as he is born again. His ex- 
pectations of divine favor were once built upon his 
good qualities, blameless acts, or commendable in- 
tentions. The regenerating grace of the heavenly 
Spirit sweeps away all his imaginary merits and 
false hopes, and for a foundation he sees only the 
crucified Saviour full of gospel hopes. 

The new birth removes old treasures and be- 
stows new riches. The wealth of unbelieving 
days no longer has power to fascinate the soul, 
and Calvary becomes the pearl of great price for 
which the regenerated person counts all things but 
loss. 

And the new birth dethrones old despots in the 
soul, — the world, sinful habits, covetousness, and 
superstition, — and it never rests until Christ is 
Master of mind, heart, and life. 

A new heart is demanded by the sinner's reproach- 



NEW BRUNSWICK 



835 



NEW HAMPSHIRE 



ing conscience, and by the God of infinite good- 
ness. " Heaven is a prepared place for a prepared 
people," without a taste for the enjoyments of para- 
dise a man cannot be happy in it. An unregen- 
erate man could not gather satisfaction from the 
religious pleasures of the celestial home ; and if 
he were to enter it he would be rendered still 
more miserable by its holy conversation and occu- 
pations. For him there is no rest in any world 
without a new heart. Besides, a holy law must 
hurl its anathemas forever at the man who cherishes 
sin in his heart. And as his " carnal mind is en- 
mity against God," he would feel himself at war 
with God in any quarter of his wide dominions, and 
in any section of everlasting duration. The Saviour 
utters the doctrine of the glorified in heaven, of all 
holy angels, of the entire earthly believing family, 
of the Holy Word, and of the adorable Trinity, 
when he says, " Marvel not that I said unto thee. 
Ye must be born again." — John iii. 7. 

New Brunswick Baptists.— See article on 

Nova Scotia Baptists. 

Newell, Rev. I. D., was born in Rushville, 
Schuyler Co., 111., July 2, 1837 ; baptized in Upper 
Alton in 1849 : ordained in Moline, Oct. 13, 1871. 
He is the son of Rev. I. D. Newell. Mr. Newell 
spent nearly four years in the Union army during 
the war, being the first to enlist in Bunker Hill, 
under the President's first call. He served two 
years in the ranks, during which time he partici- 
pated in the battles of Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, 
Pittsburg Landing, and the siege of Corinth, bear- 
ing the colors of the regiment in the last-named 
conflict. At the end of two years' service he 
was transferred to Ellet's fleet, on the Mississippi 
River, and promoted to a first lieutenancy, and one 
month later to a captaincy, both commissions 
coming from President Lincoln. At the close of 
the war he entered Shurtleff College. He com- 
pleted his theological course at Crozer Seminary, 
graduating in 1871. He was pastor of the Baptist 
church of Moline, 111., for one year. Failing in 
health, he removed to Nebraska, and preached 
three years in Clay and Adams Counties. At 
present he gives but a part of his time to the min- 
istry, being county superintendent of public schools 
in Clay County. 

Newfoundland Baptists.— See article on Nova 
Scotia Baptists. 

New Hampshire Baptists.— Hanserd Knollys 
founded the First church in Dover, N. H., in 1638. 
A little later he preached Baptist doctrines ; and 
in 1641 he was recognized by the people of Dover 
as a decided exponent of our principles ; the result 
was two religious communities. After his return 
to England, the Baptists, it is said, fled to Long 
Island to avoid persecution, and for the same reason, 
in 1644, they removed to the neighborhood of the 



present New Brunswick, N. J., and called their 
new home Piscataway, after the original name of 
Dover. It is not certain that these Baptists were 
regularly organized into a Baptist church in Dover. 

The first church of our faith in New Hampshire, 
of whose regular formation there are no doubts, was 
founded at Newton in 1755. In 1770 it is supposed 
that there were but three Baptist chui-ches in New 
Hampshire, — Newton, Madbury, and AVeare. 

In 1770, Rev. Dr. Hezekiah Smith, an able and 
devoted minister, settled in Massachusetts, preached 
extensively in New Hampshire, and great blessings 
attended his ministrations. He baptized the Rev. 
Eliphalet Smith, a Congregational clergyman, and 
thirteen others, who the same day were forined into 
a Baptist church at Deevfield. Two days after 
Mr. Smith baptized seven persons, among whom 
was Dr. Samuel Shepard, who became one of the 
most active and useful ministers that ever labored 
in New Hampshire. He was afterwards, till death, 
the pastor of a church gathered in Brentwood, in 
1771, with branches at one time in more than twelve 
different towns, and a membership of nearly 1000. 
During this year churches were formed in Rich- 
mond, Hinsdale, and Chesterfield. In 1780, Dr. 
Shepard baptized 44 persons at iMeredith, and consti- 
tuted them into a church. Drs. Hezekiah Smith and 
Samuel Shepard were apostles in New Hampshire, 
whose labors enjoyed a remarkable measure of the 
divine favor. There were other early preachers 
and churches in New Hampshire worthy of our de- 
nominational name ; and upon them and their 
brethren the Spirit of God fell, and converts were 
gathered and churches formed in all directions, 
until to-day we have 7 Associations, 86 churches, 
ministers, settled and without charge, 103. The 
number of members is 9210. In the department 
of Sunday-schools we find that there are 72 schools, 
with 814 teachers and 9319 scholars. 

In education the Baptists of New Hampshire 
have taken an active interest. In 1826 they founded 
the '' New Hampton Literary and Theological In- 
stitution," at New Hampton. Dr. B. F. Farns- 
worth was its first principal and Professor of The- 
ology. Dr. E. B. Smith succeeded him in 1833, 
and retained his position until 1861. In 1838, Dr. 
J. Newton Brown was made Associate Professor 
of Theology, and discharged the duties of the ofiice 
until 1845, when Dr. James Upham was appointed 
to the professorship. At the death of Dr. Smith, 
Dr. Upham became president of the institution, and 
retained the position until 1866. Owing to inade- 
quate financial support the seminary was removed 
to Fairfax, Vt., in 1853. This institution gave in- 
struction in the higher branches of a general edu- 
cation, and prepared young men for the ministry ; 
and it had in connection with it an academy of a 
high order for young women. In its two locations 



NEW JERSEY 



836 



NEW JERSEY 



it had about 200 theological students, most of 
whom became very useful in the pastorate and in 
other departments of Christian work. Few semi- 
naries with its means have rendered such impor- 
tant service. 

After the removal of the New Hampton Institu- 
tion to Vermont in 1853, the Baptists of New 
Hampshire took immediate steps to establish an 
academy at New London, which was opened in 
1853 ; it now bears the name of Colby Academy. 
(See article on Colby Academy.) The report of 
the benevolent operations for the year covered by 
the statistics here given is, for the Missionary Union 
$1848.11 ; for the Woman's Foreign Mission So- 
ciety, $1074.06 ; home missions, $863.26 ; for the 
Convention, $2581.19 ; for home objects, $82,114.04. 
The total for all purposes, $92,254.03. 

The State Convention was founded in 1826. It 
has accomplished great results in New Hampshire, 
and its affairs have been managed with much ability. 
In 1880 it aided seventeen churches and two mis- 
sions, which have become churches. Its officers 
wereRev. W. V. Garner, President; Rev. W. Hur- 
lin. Secretary ; A. J. Prescott, Treasurer. While 
in New Hampshire very many of the churches suffer 
constant diminution by emigration, a review of the 
last half-century presents many facts, showing how 
the denomination has grown in that State. Fifty 
years ago there were in New Hampshire seventy 
churches and forty-one ministers. The greater part 
of these churches were poor, and pastors that were 
settled received but a scanty support. Moreover, 
there was more or less direct oppression which 
Baptists were compelled to endure from the " stand- 
ing order." They were the "sect everywhere 
spoken against." But a most happy change has 
taken place in all these respects. The statistics 
given above will show the present situation of the 
denomination. Baptists have places of worship 
which will compare favorably with those of any 
other denomination. They are firmly planted in 
all the prominent cities and villages of the State. 
In the valley of the Merrimack they were but little 
known fifty years ago; " Now the churches which 
occupy that valley," says Dr. E. E. Cummings, in 
his " Ministry of Fifty Years," " are the pride and 
strength of the denomination throughout the State." 
There is every reason to expect that continued 
prosperity will attend the churches in the future 
as it has in the past, and that the sentiments and 
practices of the Baptists will continue to have 
strong hold on the intelligent convictions of no 
small part of the community. 

New Jersey, The Baptists of.— A goodly 

number of those who came to the early settle- 
ments in the New England colonies held our views 
of Bible doctrine. They found on their arrival 
that freedom of conscience was only for Puritans. 



Persecutions led them to desire a better country, 
and they warned their friends in Europe to steer 
for another destination. When Lord Berkeley and 
Sir George Carteret obtained possession of '" Nova 
Cesarea," or New Jersey, about 1664, they formed 
a " Bill of Rights," by which " liberty of conscience 
to all religious sects who shall behave well" was 
guaranteed. Speedy immigration followed. The 
Baptists of New Jersey, except a church or two in 
the northern hill-country, which sprang out of the 
religious reconstruction .following the revivals 
under Edwards and the men of his time, came 
from the old country seed. While there may have 
been isolated Baptist settlers elsewhere, the first 
companies of baptized believers located at Middle- 
town, near the entrance of New York harbor, at 
the territory on the lower Delaware, and at " Pis- 
cataqua," on the Raritan River. 

The churches at Middletown, " Piscataqua," 
" Cohansick," and Cape May are called original 
because they are the mothers of the other organ- 
izations. 

MIDDLETOWN, 

in order of time, stands first. The date assigned it 
is 1688, but there are good reasons for believing that 
it originated earlier. In 1648 one Richard Stout 
and five others appear to have settled in Middle- 
town. The Indian title was purchased previous to 
the patent from " Nicolles," about 1667. This title 
is said to have been made to thirty-six men, of 
whom eighteen were Baptists. They seem to have 
come from the west end of Long Island, and there 
is a strong probability that some of them were con- 
nected with the people who were dealt with in 
Massachusetts for Baptist sentiments about 1642, 
and took refuge at Gravesend, Long Island. Tra- 
dition states that they consorted for mutual edifi- 
cation, but there is no church record previous to 
1688, when they " settled themselves into a church 
state," after consultation with the brethren at 
"Pennepek," Pa., who had just taken that course. 
There were several gifted brethren among them, 
of whom John Brown, James Ashton, and George 
Eaglesfield are mentioned. 

Thomas Killingsworth was at the constitution 
of the church, but there is no evidence that he be- 
came its pastor. Obadiah Holmes, who was whipped 
at Boston, Mass., for his Baptist sentiments, was one 
of the patentees of Monmouth County, but it is not 
known that he ever resided here, though his son 
Jonathan did, and in 1668 was a member of As- 
sembly. 

Very little is known of the church during the 
first generation of its existence, except that an un- 
happy division occurred, which resulted (in 1711) 
in each party excommunicating the other, and the 
silencing of two of their gifted preachers, — John 
Bray and John Okison. They agreed to call a 



NEW JERSEY 



NEW JERSEY 



council of neighboring churches, which met May 
25, 1711. The ministers who convened were 
Messrs. Timothy Brooks, of Cohansey ; Abel Mor- 
gan and Joseph Wood, of Pennepek ; Elisha 
Thomas, of Welsh Tract, and six elders. The 
office of elder, in distinction from pastor, is re- 
ferred to frequently as existing among the old 
churches in the State. It may be interesting to 
read the finding of this first council probably in 
New Jersey, convened in a case of church diffi- 
culty. Advice was given (1) " to bury their pro- 
ceedings in oblivion and erase the record of them." 
This was done, and four leaves are torn out of the 
church book. (2) " To continue the silence im- 
posed on the two brethren the preceding year." 
(3) " To sign a covenant relative to their future 
conduct." Forty-two signed this, and twenty-six 
did not, though many of them came in afterwards. 
The first forty- two were declared to be the church 
to be owned by sister churches. Another direction 
of the council was, " That the members should keep 
their places and not wander to other societies." 
Peace and prosperity followed, and the gospel soon 
spread over a wide territory. 

PISCATAWAY. 

A large tract on the east side of the "Rarinton" 
was bought of the Indians in 1663. Among the 
first settlers were people from Piscataqua (now 
Dover, N. H., then in the province of Maine). It 
is claimed that of these early settlers at least six 
were Baptists. (Hanserd Knollys preached Bap- 
tist sentiments in Piscataqua, N. H., as early as 
1638.) These six were constituted into a gospel 
church by Rev. Thomas Killingsworth in 1689. 

Three of the constituents — John Drake, Hugh 
Dunn, and Edmund Dunham — were lay preach- 
ers. Mr. Drake was ordained pastor at the con- 
stitution of the church, and continued until his 
death, fifty years afterwards. His descendants are 
numerous and influential. 

The first meeting-house, by order of the town- 
meeting, was " built forthwith as followeth : di- 
mensions, twenty foot wide, thirty foot long, and 
ten foot between joints." 

COHANSEY. 

In 1683 a company of immigrants, members of 
Cloughketin church, in the County of Tipperary, 
Ireland, landed at Perth Amboy, and traveled 
across the country to the " Cohansick" Creek. In 
1685, Obadiah Holmes (son of Obadiah who was 
persecuted) arrived from Rhode Island. His in- 
fluence was soon felt. He became judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas for Salem County, and 
preached acceptably, though he wiis never or- 
dained. In 1688, Rev. Elias Keach, of Pennepek, 
administered baptism to three persons. Thomas 



Killingsworth having moved into the vicinity, 
united with the nine males in constituting the 
church, and he became the first pastor, continuing 
nearly nineteen years, until his death. He was 
appointed judge of the court, and served honor- 
ably, while he preached faithfully and success- 
fully. He was succeeded by Rev. Timothy Brooks, 
who died after serving the chui-ch six years, and 
his successor, a young man of much promise, 
passed away after a two years' pastorate. 

The church records for the first hundred years 
were burned, but Mr. Kelsay, a subsequent pas- 
tor, preserved some minutes, among them the fol- 
lowing: 

" In 1710, Timothy Brooks, with his company, 
united with the church. They had come from 
Swanzey, in Plymouth government, about 1687, 
and had kept a separate society for twenty-three 
years, on account of difiPerence in opinion relative 
to predestination, singing of Psalms, laying on of 
hands, etc. ; the terms of union were bearance and 
forbearance." 

Mr. Kelsay says that Mr. " Brooks was a useful 
preacher, of a sweet and loving temper, and always 
open to conviction." 

CAPE MAY. 

Among some who came over in 1675 were two 
Baptists, — George Taylor and Philip Hill. Taylor 
held Bible readings and expositions at his own 
house. After his death, in 1702, Mr. Hill con- 
tinued the meeting. Mr. Keach visited the place, 
and preached as early as 1688, and others labored 
with success. Most of the converts went to Phila- 
delphia for baptism. In 1712, by advice of the 
pastor and two deacons of Cohansey, thirty-seven 
persons constituted themselves into a church, under 
the pastorate of Nathaniel Jenkins, one of their 
own number. 

Before 1707 there was no Association in Amer- 
ica. We find, however, an institution called a 
yearly meeting, which fostered communication. 
From one end of Jersey to the other pastors aud 
devoted brethren went by Indian trails and rough 
roads to these immense gatherings. There are 
traditions concerning these fraternal " great meet- 
ings" that are full of tender, touching memories. 

When, at the suggestion of the Pennepek chui-ch, 
the Philadelphia Association was formed, in 1707, 
three of its first chui-ches were in New Jersey, viz., 
Middletown, Piseataway, and Cohansey. There 
are no extended early records of the Association, 
but the usual heading of the earliest is " The 
Elders and Messengers of the Baptized Congrega- 
tions in Pennsylvania and the Jerseys." 

The Associational fellowship led to greater in- 
terest among the ministers and churches, an in- 
crease of doctrinal strength, and a spreading of 



NEW JERSEY 



NEWMAN 



Bible sentiments, which took deep root, and in the 
succeeding half-century brought forth abundantly. 

The New Jersey Baptists have had in their ranks 
some of the strongest men among the early Baptists 
of this country, and among them have arisen breth- 
ren to whom the whole denomination is indebted. 
Oliver Hart performed a work of the highest im- 
poftance in South Carolina; James Manning, the 
first president of Rhode Island College, laid all 
Baptists under lasting obligations to himself for 
his services to general and ministerial education ; 
Abel Morgan was a man of learning, and of im- 
mense influence for good over the Middle States ; 
Hezekiah Smith, of Hopewell, N. J., was settled in 
Haverhill, Mass., and was blessed with great suc- 
cess in winning souls to Christ : John Gano, the 
most eloquent preacher among the Baptists of his 
day, and a man greatly honored of God in extend- 
ing his kingdom, was a native of New Jersey ; our 
first institution of learning was located in New Jer- 
sey, and worthily conducted by Isaac Eaton, at 
Hopewell. Quite a number of distinguished men 
have been identified with the Baptists of New Jer- 
sey. 

For a long period the New Jersey churches be- 
longed to the Philadelphia Association. Their 
representatives in that body exerted such an influ- 
ence that they had no desire to sunder the ties that 
united them to it until their great growth compelled 
them. 

Their first Association was formed in 1811 ; it 
consisted of fourteen churches, and was called the 
New Jersey Association. The Central New Jersey 
Association was formed in October, 1828, by the 
representatives of seven chm-ches. The Sussex 
Association was formed in 1833, by four churches. 
The Delaware River Association was constituted in 
1835, by Old-School, or Anti-Missionary Baptists ; 
its members were less than five hundred when the 
Association was organized, and they have not in- 
creased since that time. The East New Jersey 
Association was established in November, 1842, by 
fourteen churches. There are at present in New 
Jersey the following five Associations : the Cen- 
tral, East, North, Trenton, and West, representing 
178 churches, with 31,936 members. 

From their early history the Baptists of New 
Jersey have been the intelligent and generous 
friends of education, and at present they have two 
seminaries of a high order, with spacious and beau- 
tiful buildings, known as Peddle Institute and South 
Jersey Institute, the former with 10 instructors, 125 
students of both sexes, property worth $125,000, 
and an endowment of $1000 ; the latter with 10 
instructors, 150 students, and a property moder- 
ately estimated at $75,000. These institutions are 
owned by the denomination in New Jersey. In 
addition to the money invested in Peddie and South 



Jersey Institutes, the New Jersey Baptists gave 
liberally to Hamilton and Lewisburg. 

New Jersey Baptist Education Society is 

forty-two years old. It has aided many students 
who ai-e doing successful work in the ministry. 
Its officers for 1880 are : President, H. J. Mulford ; 
Vice-Presidents, R. F. Young, W. H. Parmly ; Sec- 
retary, 0. P. Eaches ; Treasurer, W. V. Wilson. 
Income, 11922.65. 

New Jersey Baptist State Convention was 

organized in 1830. There were then 55 churches 
in the State, with a membership of 4164. 

OFFICERS OF THE CONVENTION FROM ITS OR- 
GANIZATION TO THE PRESENT TIME. 

Presidents.— Da,me\ Dodge,* 1830 to 1839 ; G. S. 
Webb, 1839 to 1843 ; C. W. Mulford,* 1843 to 1849; 
S. J. Drake,* 1849 to 1853 ; D. B. Stout,* 1853 to 
1854 ; C. E. Wilson,* 1854 to 1855 ; D. M. Wilson,* 
1855 to 1873 ; James Buchanan, 1873 to . 

Vice-Presidents.— Joseph. Maylin,* 1830 to 1834; 
Henry Smalley,* 1830 to 1834 ; G. S. Webb, 1834 

to 1839, 1849 to ; J. M. Challiss,* 1847 to 1848, 

1849 to 1868 ; John Rogers,* 1839 to 1848 ; J. C. 
Harrison,* 1839 to 1844 ; J. E. Welch,* 1844 to 
1847 ; D. B. Stout,* 1868 to 1875 ; J. M. Carpenter, 
1875 to . 

Secreiaries.—M.. J. Rhees,* 1830 to 1840; C. W. 
Mulford,* 1840 to 1843; S. J. Drake,* 1843 to 
1848 ; J. M. Carpenter, 1848 to 1865 ; H. F. Smith, 
1865 to 1879 ; T. E. Vassar, 1879 to . 

Treasurers.— F. P. Runyon,* 1830 to 1871 : S. 
Van Wickle, 1871 to 1879; A. Suydam, 1879 
to . 

Income in 1880 was $4429.55. 

Within the last fifty years about 54,000 hopeful 
converts have been added to our churches by bap- 
tism. Our present membership is 31,936. Fifty 
years ago we had but 2 churches, with a member- 
ship of only 200 each. Now we have 1 with over 
1100, 1 with 1000, 1 with 800, 1 with 600, 5 with 
500, 8 with 400, 14 with 300, 24 with 200, and 53 
with over 100 each. 

New Jersey Baptist Sunday School Union is 

only nine years old, but in gathering statistics of 
the work, awakening interest, organizing mission 
schools, as well as in helping the weak, it has en- 
tered upon a field of great usefulness. 

Newman, Prof. Albert Henry, was born in 

Edgefield, S. C, Aug. 25, 1852 ; entered the Thom- 
son, Ga., high school, then in charge of Rev. E. A. 
Steed, now a professor in Mercer University, by 
whom he was baptized into the fellowship of the 
Thomson Baptist church in 1868. 

Called to the Christian ministry, and encouraged 
by brethren of wisdom and piety, he took a place 
in the Junior class in Mercer University in 1869. 

* Deceased. 



NEWMAN 



839 



NEWMAN 



Here he was specially indebted to Prof. H. H. 
Tucker, D.D., LL.D., for his inspiring instruction 
in metaphysics and logic, and to Prof. J. J. Brantly, 
D.D., who, at great personal cost, gave him private 




PROF. ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN. 

instruction for a year and a half in the German 
language. He entered the Rochester Theological 
Seminary in 1872 ; in it his favorite studies were 
Biblical interpretation, under the direction of the 
learned Dr. Hackett, and systematic theology, under 
President A. H. Strong, D.D. He spent a year at 
Greenville, S. C, at the Southern Baptist Theologi- 
cal Seminary, 1875-76, studying Hebrew, Chaldee, 
Syriac, and Arabic, under Dr. Toy. He also was 
greatly aided in Greenville by the lectures of Dr. 
Broadus on the New Testament, the Septuagint, 
Josephus, and the early Greek fathers. In 1880, 
Prof. Newman was elected " Pettengill Professor 
of Church History" in the Rochester Theological 
Seminary, after he had served as temporary in- 
structor in. and acting professor of, Church History 
in the same institution. 

Prof. Newman, while a careful student of general 
church history, is devoting himself specially to the 
records of the Baptists and related bodies. Prof. 
Newman not long since was offered the professor- 
ship of Hebrew in one of our institutions. His at- 
tainments are remarkable ; his pen is in demand 
in various parts of the country as contributor to 
works on theology and church history. The high- 
est estimate is placed upon his acquisitions and 
talents by competent judges who are familiar with 
his worth. Before him, if his life is spared, there 



is undoubtedly a bright future. He has recently 
accepted a professorship in the Toronto Theological 
Seminary. 

Newman, Judge Thomas W., was born in 
Somerset Co., Md., Jan. 23, 1829. He pursued his 
studies in Washington Academy, Princess Anne, 
Somerset Co., Md., until he removed to Baltimore, 
and there studied law under Levin Gale, Esq., and 
was admitted to the bar in 1850, after which he at 
once removed to the West, and established himself 
in his profession the same year at Burlington, Iowa, 
where he still resides. In 1855 he was elected 
county judge of Des Moines County for two years. 
When the civil war broke out he warmly embraced 
the Union cause, and was appointed by President 
Lincoln captain in the 11th Regiment of the reg- 
ular army, and commissioned Aug. 1, 1861. He 
served until the spring of 1863, when, on account 
of impaired health, he resigned his commission and 
returned home, and, after six months spent in re- 
cuperation and rest, he again entered upon the 
practice of his profession. From 1855 to 1857 he 
was a director of the Burlington and Missouri 
River Railroad, and aided by an active canvass 
over the entire line, by speeches and otherwise, in 
raising means for its construction. He was ap- 
pointed district judge of the first judicial district 
of Iowa, in 1874, to fill a vacancy. At the October 




JUDGE THOMAS W. NEHMAN. 

election of the same year he was chosen for the 
unexpired term of -Jan. 1, 1875, and for a full term 
of four years, to Jan. 1, 1879, which office he filled 
with credit, and at the end of the term, though 



NEW ORLEANS 



NEWPORT 



strongly urged to continue, declined on account of 
the inadequate salary. As a judge he was noted 
for kindness of heart, urbanity of manner, legal 
acumen, and loyalty to justice. He has been an 
active director in the Merchants' National Bank of 
Burlington since its organization, and for some 
years past its attorney. He became a Baptist the 
first year of his manhood, in 1850, and has ever 
since been closely and warmly identified with the 
interest of the church and denomination. He was 
president of the State Convention for some years. 
He has been a trustee in the Burlington Collegiate 
Institute since its organization, in 1852, and has 
filled the office of secretary or treasurer of said 
institution all the time except when in the army, 

New Orleans Baptist Chronicle was published 
at New Orleans, La., by L. Alex. Duncan from 
1852 to 1855. Dr. Duncan, having recovered his 
health, was the principal editor. It was in quarto 
form and published weekly. Although it had a 
considerable circulation in the Southwest, it yielded 
so little profit to the publishers that its publication 
was discontinued. 

Newport, R. I., The First Church of, had its 
rise in the very beginnings of New England colo- 
nial history. The exact date of its origin, how- 
ever, is not definitely known. Those who have 
studied the subject the most carefully have reached 
the conclusion that the probable date is early in 
1638. As this differs from the traditional one 
(1644), it may be pertinent to give some of the 
reasons on which this conclusion rests. (1) From 
the outset the people statedly assembled for public 
worship, but it is uncertain whether for this pur- 
pose they gathered in several congregations, or, as 
is more probable, they all met in one. (2) There 
was certainly a church on the island in 1638. Its 
members were drawn from various sources. Some 
had been connected with a Congregational church 
in Boston. It is, however, well known that the 
church formed here disclaimed any ecclesiastical 
fellowship with that church. It was of a different 
order. And if it was the only church on the island, 
it is certain that there were Baptists among the 
members, and that they had a Baptist for their min- 
ister. (3) Of the church thus formed Mr. Clarke 
was the pastor or teaching elder. Gov. Winthrop, 
writing in 1638, speaks of him as " preacher to 
those of the island." In 1640, Mr. Lechford writes, 
" On the island there is a church where one Mas- 
ter Clarke is pastor." Describing the controversy 
which arose shortly after the foregoing sentence was 
penned, Mr. Hubbard says " their minister, Mr. 
Clarke, . . . dissented and publicly opposed." ( 4) 
The pastor, Mr. Clarke, was undoubtedly a Baptist 
before leaving England, and as a Baptist refugee 
came to this country, (a) He is known to have 
held, and on his arrival, one distinctively Baptist 



tenet, viz., that of religious liberty ; a tenet as dis- 
tinctively Baptist at the time as is a converted 
church membership to-day. (b) In the discussion 
which arose in 1640-41, he contended for another 
Baptist tenet, viz., the sufficiency of Scripture as a 
rule of religious faith and practice, (c) We have 
no record of any change in his religious views 
after his arrival in this country, as we should in 
all probability have had if any such change had 
taken place, {d) Just as soon as he touched shore 
at Boston he was ready for the sake of his princi- 
ples to remove into the wilderness, (e) He was 
not caught in a current which was already setting 
towards a new settlement ; the proposition came 
from himself. (5) Those who during this early 
period became Baptists in the neighboring colony 
of Massachusetts gravitated naturally to Newport, 
and there sought a church home. (6) Mr. Comer, 
who has given us the traditional date of 1644, — a 
mere conjecture of his, — and whom almost all sub- 
sequent authors have followed, although painstak- 
ing and accurate as a writer, had not access to all 
the sources of knowledge since put within our 
reach. (7) Finally, Mr. Backus, who made later 
researches and with better facilities, inclined to the 
opinion that an earlier date was the probable one. 

The history of the church may be considered as 
falling into five periods. (I. 1638-1682.) The first 
pastor, John Cl.arke, born in Suffolk, England, Oct. 
8, 1609, and educated at one of the ancient univer- 
sities, arrived at Boston, November, 1637, near the 
close of the famous Antinoraian controversy. Be- 
cause his opinions were obnoxious to the magis- 
trates he proposed to a number of kindred spirits 
to withdraw and plant a new colony, which they 
did the following March, on the island of Rhode 
Island. He at once assumed the functions of a 
minister, conducting the public religious worship 
of the inhabitants. The sense of fi-eedom which 
the settlers enjoyed led some of them into theolog- 
ical vagaries. They broke not only from the au- 
thority of the church, but from the authority also 
of the Scriptures. They claimed to be led by an 
"inner light." They were ably controverted by 
" their minister, Mr. Clarke," who was strongly 
seconded by Mr. Lenthall, Mr. Harding, and others. 
The Baptists maintained the binding authority of 
the Bible and the existence upon earth of a visible 
church with visible ordinances. This controversy 
gave rise to the " Seekers," many of whom after- 
wards became " Quakers." 

A visit paid to William Witter, a member of the 
church, during the summer of 1651, by delegates 
appointed by the church, may be noticed, since it 
has been rendered memorable both on account of 
the treatment received from the Massachusetts au- 
thorities and of the results that followed. The 
truths presented by these confessors — John Clarke, 



NEWPORT 



NEWPORT 



Obadiah Holmes, and John Crandall — led to a se- 
rious examination ; "divers," as Obadiah Holmes 
said, " were put upon a way of inquiry." It is 
interesting to know that among the number of 
these was the scholarly Henry Dunster, then pres- 
ident of Harvard College, who became convinced 
of the unscripturalness of infiint baptism. These 
events were preparing the way for the formation 
of the First Baptist church in Boston, with which 
this church for several years held correspondence. 

In the year 1652, the year after Mr. Clarke went 
to England as agent for the colony, the question 
of "laying hands on" all baptized believers began 
to be discussed in the church, and four years later, 
in 1656, several members withdrew and formed a 
church of the " Six Principle" order. The year 
after Mr. Clarke's return from England, namely, in 
1665, the Sabbath question was agitated in the 
church, and a few members supposing they were 
thus following still more closely the teachings of 
the Spirit in his Word, began to observe the sev- 
enth day, and in 1671 a small number drew off and 
formed a Sabbatarian church. On the 20th of April, 
1676, Mr. Clarke died, after a laborious life devoted 
to an extension of the Redeemer's kingdom, and 
having from its very beginning served the colony 
with almost unexampled fidelity and distinguished 
success. 

He was succeeded by Obadiah Holmes, who, born 
in Preston, England, in 1606, and educated at Ox- 
ford University, came to this country in 1629 and 
united with a Congregational church in Salem, 
Mass., and ten years later, in Rehoboth, was bap- 
tized by Mr. Clarke, and with several others formed 
a Baptist church. Removing to Newport, he united, 
late in 1650 or early in 1651, with this church. He 
was one of the delegates to Lynn in 1651, where he 
severely suffered for the sake of his faith. He as- 
sisted in ministering to the church during Mr. 
Clarke's prolonged absence in England, and finally 
succeeded to the pastoral office, in which he contin- 
ued till his death, which occurred October 15, 1682. 

Singing in public worship was from the begin- 
ning approved and practised. Four members were 
disfellowshiped in 1673 for denying the deity of 
Christ. The doctrinal position of the church was 
strongly Calvinistic. Both pastors, Clarke and 
Holmes, left on record confessions of their %ith. 
The distinction which appeared in England dividing 
the Baptists into two bodies, described as " Par- 
ticular" and " General," obtained likewise in this 
country. This was from its organization a " Par- 
ticular" or " Calvinistic" church, and has continued 
so ever since. It was in early correspondence with 
the Particular Baptists of London, and with the 
churches of Swanzey and Boston. It made efforts 
to disseminate Baptist principles both at home and 
throughout the neighboring colonies. The church 
54 



was furnished with a board of elders ; among the 
earliest were Joseph Torrey, Obadiah Holmes, 
Mark Lucar, and John Ci-andall, the first of whom 
held many offices of trust in the colony. The first 
deacon was William Weeden, who died in 1676 ; 
the second was Philip Smith. It should be men- 
tioned, further, that Robert Lenthall attempted in 
1638 to form a Baptist church in Weymouth. Mass. ; 
that Thomas Painter had been publicly whipped in 
Ilingham, ^lass., for refusing to carry his child to 
the baptismal font ; that John Cooke, once a Con- 
gregational minister in Massachusetts, and the 
.subject of a letter from John Cotton to his nephew, 
Cotton Mather, " was living in 1694, probably the 
oldest survivor of the male passengers in the May- 
flower ;" that Philip Edes was a friend and helper 
of Oliver Cromwell ; that Samuel Hubbard did 
much by his letters and other manuscripts to pre- 
serve the early history of the church and denomi- 
nation. 

(II. 1683-1732.) The third pastor was Richard 
Dingley, who, coming from England, was received 
into the Baptist church in Boston in 1684, and four 
years later was ordained pastor of this church ; in 
1694 he resigned and went to South Carolina. In 
November, 1711, William Peckkam, one of the 
members of the church, was ordained to the pas- 
torship, and continued in office until his death, in 
1732. His ministry was disturbed by a headstrong 
elder, Daniel White, who had been procured as an 
assistant, but who drew off a few members and set 
up a separate meeting, which, however, continued 
but a little while. John Comer, the fifth pastor, 
born in Boston, Aug. 1, 1704, and educated at Yale 
College, was baptized into the Baptist church in 
Boston, Jan. 31, 1725, and May 19, 1726, ordained 
pastor of this church, colleague with Elder Peck- 
ham. His change of views respecting the rite of 
the imposition of hands, and his preaching it as ob- 
ligatory on the church, led to a severance of the 
pastoral relation, Jan. 8, 1729. 

During this period there were two interregna in 
the pastoral office, the second extending to more 
than a decade of years. During the first, however, 
the church improved its material condition, and 
during the second for most of the time sat under 
the ministry of Mr. Bliss, a Seventh-day Baptist 
preacher. The church not only had a name, but 
had, and for a long time possessed, a local habita- 
tion. The meeting-house in which the church had 
long worshiped was sold in 1707, and during the 
following year a new one was built. Though a 
salary was voted him at his settlement, Mr. Comer 
early made an effort to induce the church to adopt 
the method of weekly offerings for the support of 
the ministry. The church voted, Sept. 8, 1726, 
" that a weekly contribution for the support of the 
ministry should be observed." Singing having 



NEWPORT 



NEWPORT 



fallen into disuse, Mr. Comer re-introduced it. He 
commenced also regular church records, and gath- 
ered much material towards a history of the church. 
Of members during this pei-iod we may mention 
James Barker, an elder in the church ; Peter Tay- 
lor and Samuel Maxwell, made deacons in 1724, 
and William Peckham, in 1732 ; Peter Foulger, the 
maternal grandfather of Benjamin Franklin, and a 
successful missionary to the Indians ; Thomas Dun- 
gan, the first Baptist minister in Pennsylvania; 
also three sons of the second pastor, namely, Oba- 
diah, John, and Jonathan Holmes, one or two of 
them pioneers in New Jersey. The church was 
thus through its members extending its influence ; 
as during the former period throughout New Eng- 
land, so during this to provinces more remote. 

(in. 1732-1788.) John Callender, the successor 
of Mr. Comer, born in Boston in 1706, and gradu- 
ated at Harvard College in 1723, and the same year 
baptized into the Baptist church of his native town, 
was, Oct. 13, 1731, ordained as pastor of this 
church. The one hundredth anniversary of the 
settlement of the island was celebrated by the 
building of a new house of worship, and by a his- 
torical discourse of great fullness and accuracy, 
preached March 24, 1738, by the pastor, in which 
he reviewed the events of the century. The entire 
colony was brought under obligation to him for 
this first history of its beginnings and early pro- 
gress. His pastoral labors continued till death, 
Jan. 26, 1748. Before the close of the same year 
the church called to the pastorship Edward Upham, 
born in Maiden, Mass., in 1709, and graduated at 
Harvard College in 1734. It was during his term 
of service that the Baptists of America made an 
effort to establish a college within the colony, for 
which Newport made a strong but unsuccessful 
bid. There were cogent reasons why it should be 
located elsewhere. Mr. Upham resigned his charge 
in 1771, to be succeeded by Erasmus Kelley, who 
was ordained on the 9th of October. He was born 
in Bucks Co., Pa.. July 24, 1748, and received hia 
education at the University of Pennsylvania. His 
ministry was interrupted by the Revolutionary war 
and the British occupancy of the town. He died 
Nov. 7, 1784, and the pastoral office thus made va- 
cant was filled by the choice of Benjamin Foster, 
who began his labors on the first Lord's day in 
January, 1785. He was born in Danvers, Mass., 
June 12, 1750, graduated at Yale College in 1774, 
and September 4 of the same year was baptized 
into the Baptist church in Boston. Mr. Foster 
severed his pastoral relations Sept. 15, 1788, and 
removed to New York. 

The doctrinal position of the church remained 
unchanged. The last pastor was very pronounced 
in his Calvinism. Under his leadership the church 
united with the Warren Association. So early in 



this period as 1733-34 the church had agreed upon 
the desirableness of coming into an association 
with the churches with which it was in ecclesiasti- 
cal fellowship. We do not know why the idea was 
not then realized. During Mr. Foster's adminis- 
tration, Tate and Brady's collection of hymns was 
in the service of song superseded by Dr. Watts's 
psalms and hymns. A few names may here be 
mentioned, as follows: Samuel Fowler, member of 
the last colonial Assembly which passed the bold 
act that severed the colony from Great Britain ; 
William Claggett, an ingenious maker of astro- 
nomical and musical clocks, and who anticipated 
Franklin in some of his experiments with elec- 
tricity ; Hezekiah Carpenter and Josias Lyndon, 
both generous benefactors of the church, though 
the latter, Gov. Lyndon, was never a member ; 
Benjamin Hall and Joseph Pike, made deacons in 
1785. 

Reviewing the history of the church thus far 
traversed, we find a noble record made. Strong 
were many of the men connected with the church, 
worthy to be leaders in Zion ; and the ministry was 
able and cultivated. AVith scarcely an exception 
the pastors were men of university training. Ben- 
edict, having in his history (1848) brought his 
account of this church down to the close of this 
period, 1788, adds this remark: "We have now 
followed the succession of pastors of this ancient 
community for about a century and a halT, . . . 
and of these nine pastors all but Mr. Holmes (he 
means Mr. Peckham) were men of liberal educa- 
tion." 

(IV. 1789-1834.) The next pastor's term of ser- 
vice extended through nearly a half-century. 
Michael Eddy, born in Swanzey, Mass., in 1760, 
and ordained in the same town in 1785, was called 
to the pastorship of this church Aug. 10, 1789. In 
1792 the church, without assigning any reason for 
the action, voted to withdraw from the Warren As- 
sociation, and it reinained unassociated during the 
remainder of Mr. Eddy's long pastorate. For a 
number of years a union Sunday-school was main- 
tained by the several churches in town. Subse- 
quently the different churches organized schools of 
their own. That in connection with this church 
was formed in 1834, and the same year the First 
Baptist Society was incorporated. During this 
period we seem to pass from the ancient into the 
modern world. Rapid changes were taking place 
in modes of life. And changes even in matters of 
faith were beginning to appear. Suspicions of 
unsoundness in the faith clouded the closing years 
of the pastor's life. A loosening in the spiritual 
temple was manifest. Some members became Ar- 
minians, a few were tinctured even with Socinian- 
ism. Dr. Channing was welcomed to preach in the 
pulpit. One sermon of his made a strong impres- 



NEWPORT 



NEWPORT 



lion. Nevertheless, the majority of the church, it 
\s believed, remained true, though it is known 
that a few in their love for pure orthodoxy left the 
church. James A. McKenzie was chosen assistant 
ministei in 1833, and the following deacons were 
elected : Jethro Briggs, in 1803 : George Tilley, in 
1813; Abner Peckham and Arnold Barker, in 
1822; Benjamin W. Smith and Pcleg Sanford, in 
1833. Mr. Eddy died June 3, 1835. 

(V. 1834-1880.) Already the church had called 
to the pastoral office Arthur Amasa Ross, born in 
Thomson, Conn., in 1791, and ordained in his na- 
tive town in 1819, who entered upon his duties as 
pastor of this church Nov. 9, 1834. His preaching 
produced consternation among those who had re- 
ceived " anotlier gospel." In 1836 the church re- 
united with the Warren Association. In commem- 
oration of the two hundredth anniversary of the 
settlement of the island the pastor preached, April 
4 (March 24, O.S.), 1838, a historical sermon, in 
which he reviewed the second century of progress. 
He resigned his charge Nov. 1, 1840, and Joseph 
Smith was invited, Jan. 2, 1841, to succeed him. 
He was born in Hampstead, N. H., June 31, 1808, 
studied a year (1831-32) at the Newton Theologi- 
cal Institution, and was graduated at Brown Uni- 
versity in 1837, and the same year ordained as 
pastor of the Baptist church in Woonsocket, R. I. 
During his pastorate a new meeting-house was 
built, with galleries on three sides, and containing 
120 pews on the floor. It was dedicated. May 13, 
184G, "to the worship of God, the Father, the Son, 
and the Holy Ghost." The Psalmist displaced in 
the service of song Winchell's edition of Watts. 
On the 19th of August, 1849, Mr. Smith resigned 
the pastoral office, and was succeeded by Samuel 
Adlam, who was called to the pastorship the 14th 
of the following October. He was born in Bristol, 
England, Feb. 4, 1798, and at the age of twenty- 
two came to Boston, where he was baptized into 
the First Baptist church. He was ordained pastor 
of the Baptist church in West Medway, Mass., and 
after two other settlements was graduated at the 
Newton Theological Institution in 1838. It was 
during his ministry that twenty churches, of which 
this was one, withdrew from the AVarren Associa- 
tion and formed a new body, which was called the 
Narragansett Association. Mr. Adlara resigned 
his charge June 27, 1864, and March 12, 1865, was 
succeeded by Rev. C. E. Barrows, D.D., who was 
graduated at Brown University in 1858, and the 
Newton Theological Institution in 1861, and on 
the 25th of December of that year was ordained 
pastor of the Baptist church in Peabody, Mass. 
The following brethren have during this period 
been elected deacons: Benjamin B. Howland, in 
1837; Samuel S. Peckham, in 1847; Stephen S. 
Albro and Samuel Eyles, in 1857 ; Gilbert Tomp- 



kins, George M. Hazard, Thomas II. Clarke, and 
George Nasen, in 1867; and in 1874, AraHildreth. 
Mr. Howland was deacon for forty years, and fot 
fifty years was clerk of the town and city of New- 
port. 




C. E. BARROWS, D.D. 

During the nearly two centuries and a half which 
have elapsed since the first members of the church 
entered into solemn covenant with one another to 
observe the public worship of God and keep the 
ordinances as given by the Head of the church, 
this body has remained true to its early confessions 
of faith. Slight changes have been made in the 
statement of some of the doctrines, nevertheless the 
essential principles on which the church rests are 
the same now as at the first. Among the prin- 
ciples at the beginning were these : that Christ 
" may alone lay commands upon the church with 
respect to worship ;" that " dipping in water is one 
of these commands, and that only a believer miiy be 
baptized ;" that " baptized believers have the liberty 
to speak in the assemblies of the saints for the edi- 
fication of the whole ;" and that " no disciple of 
Christ has a right to constrain or restrain the con- 
science of another, or to seek l)y physical force to 
compel men to worship God." The church still 
believes that Christ alone is the rightful sovereign 
in the realm of religious faith ; that his will has 
been recorded in Holy Scripture, which is a suffi- 
cient rule of doctrine and duty ; that it is the will 
of Christ that those who have by faith accepted 
him as their Saviour should identify themselves 
with his people by church relations ; that the ordi- 
nances of baptism and the Lord's Supper belong to 



NEWTON 



844 



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the church, and are designed to set forth great 
spiritual facts, — the first the origin, and the second 
the maintenance of the new life in the soul, and 
each in intimate and vital connection with the 
death of Christ ; and finally, that Christ's church, 
deeply imbued with his Spirit, is the divinely ap- 
pointed agency for the evangelization of the world. 
Newton, Prof. Calvin, was born in South - 
borough, Mass., Nov. 26, 1800. He entered Brown 
University in 1820, and graduated at Union College 
in 1824. While in Brown University he became 
a Christian and was baptized. He was licensed 
to preach by the church in Southborough ; gradu- 
ated at Newton in 1829, and was ordained pastor 
of the church in Bellingham, Mass., the same year. 
He remained here three years, and then accepted 
an appointment, in 1832, as professor in Waterville 
College. He occupied the chair to which he had 
been elected for five years. Resigning his position 
in Waterville, he was appointed professor in the 
newly established theological institution in Maine. 
With this institution he was associated for four 
years, when he became pastor of the church, in 
Grafton, Mass. Having decided to become a phy- 
sician, he pursued his medical studies until he re- 
ceived the degree of M.D. from the medical institu- 
tion in Pittsfield, Mass. During the remainder of 
his life, he was for the most of the time a lecturer 
or professor in the Worcester Medical Institution, 
and finally its president. He died Aug. 9, 1853. 

Newton, Matthew Turner, M.D., son of Dea- 
con Israel and Harriet T. Newton, was born in 
1830 in Colchester, Conn. ; fitted for college at 
Bacon Academy ; in 1848 chose the medical pro- 
fession, and in 1851 graduated from the medical 
department of Yale College ; commenced practice 
in Salem, Conn. ; represented Salem in the Gen- 
eral Assembly in 1853 ; at the close of the Legis- 
lature removed to Sufiield ; in the civil war was 
assistant surgeon of 3d Conn. Vols. ; afterwards 
surgeon of 10th Conn. Vols. ; resumed practice in 
Sufiield ; elected deacon of Second Baptist church 
in Suffield in 1875 ; has been a trustee of Connec- 
ticut Literary Institution since 1872; occupies a 
high position in society, and exerts a broad and 
happy influence. 

Newton Theological Institution commenced 

its first session on the 28th of November, 1825. 
The plan for the foundation of a theological insti- 
tution of a high order had long been under contem- 
jjlation, but did not take definite shape until the 25th 
of May, 1825, when at a large meeting of Baptist 
ministers and laymen, representing diff'erent sec- 
tions of New England, it was decided to establish 
such an institution, and commence operations at 
Newton Centre, Mass. The new seminary was 
opened, with Rev. Irah Chase as the first instructor 
of its students, with whom was associated, at the 



beginning of the second year. Rev. Henry J. Ripley. 
These two professors constituted the faculty of in- 
struction for six years. In 1834 the trustees added 
Rev. James D. Knowles to the corps of instructors, 
and in 1836, Rev. Barnas Sears. Upon the death 
of Prof. Knowles in 1838, Prof. H. B. Hackett, 
then a professor in Brown University, was called 
to Newton. The early history of the institution 
was marked by the usual experiences of such sem- 
inaries of learning. Interest was awakened, some 
funds raised, students increased faster than there 
was ability to meet their wants ; then a ti'ouble- 
some debt oppressed the hearts of friends and well- 
wishers ; then came attempts to secure, first, an 
endowment of $30,000, then of $50,000, both of 
which attempts failed ; then another efi'ort to 
secure $100,000 was made, and that was success- 
ful. But the amount was not yet deemed suffi- 
cient to meet the wants of the institution, and 
there followed a scheme to add $200,000 to the en- 
dowment already existing, and success crowned the 
effort, thus placing Newton on such a foundation 
that there was eveiy reason to believe its future 
prosperity was placed beyond all ordinary contin- 
gencies. 

More than 700 students have enjoyed the advan- 
tages of the institution, having obtained their theo- 
logical education in part or wholly within its walls. 
Of this large number more than three-fourths have 
been pastors of churches in this country, and about 
60 have received appointments as missionaries to 
the foreign field. Not far from 55 students have 
been called to occupy prominent positions incur 
colleges or theological seminaries, either as presi- 
dents or professors, while a large number have 
been useful as authors or editors. The institution 
has done a noble work for the cause of Christ in 
connection with the denomination, to whose minis- 
try it has been such a rich blessing. 

New York Baptist Home for Aged and In- 
firm Persons is the name of one of the best insti- 
tutions in New York. It is the outgrowth of the 
Ladies' Home Society, organized in 1869 to pro- 
vide the aged, infirm, or destitute members of the 
Baptist churches of New York with a comfortable 
residence, with board, clothing, skillful medical at- 
tendance, with their accustomed religious services, 
and, at their death, with respectable burial. In 
its application for means to accomplish its end the 
society met with a generous response, and speedily 
erected a large building in Sixty-eighth Street. It 
is six stories high, and nicely furnished. It does 
not belie its name. It has rooms for the accom- 
modation of over a hundred inmates. To obtain 
the position applicants must be recommended by 
the pastor and deacons of the church to which they 
belong, or shall give other satisfactory evidence of 
their good standing in a regular Baptist church for 



*i*l|ili^l| mill 




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five years, must h.ave no means of support, nor rel- 
atives who will provide for them, and must pay to 
the treasurer $100. " Patrons," who have paid 
$1000, can enter one person without the entrance 
fee, and, in exceptional cases, the trustees may 
admit applicants without the fee. A matron pre- 
sides over the institution, who is chosen for her 
gentleness, piety, and fitness for such a responsible 
position. It is her duty each day to inquire after 
the comfort and health of the inmates, and provide 
promptly all that may be necessary for them. 
Both male and female members of the churches, 
becoming poor, and with no friends to support 
them, find in this building a home in which to 
abide with comfort until called to the eternal rest. 

New York Baptists, Historical Sketch of.— 

In the latter part of the seventeenth century Rev. 
William Wickenden, of Rhode Island, a Baptist 
minister, visited the little town of New York to 
preach Christ. He labored for two years, meeting 
with discouragements and persecution. Without a 
license from the representatives of the British gov- 
ernment, he was regarded as a law-breaker, and 
thrown into prison, where he lingered for months. 
For several years afterwai-ds no Baptist minister 
made New York the scene of his labors. In 1712, 
Rev. Valentine Wightman, of Groton, Conn., came 
to New York for a short period ; during his min- 
istry about a dozen persons were baptized. After 
his removal Mr. Nicholas Eyers preached to the 
struggling community which he left. The follow- 
ing petition of his is on record : 

"To His Excellency William Burnet, Esq., Cap- 
tain-General and Governor-in-Chief of the Prov- 
ince of New York and New Jersey. 
" The humble petition of Nicholas Eyers, brewer, 
a Baptist teacher in the city of New York : 

" Sheweth unto your Excellency that on the first 
Tuesday of Feb., 1715, at a general quarter sessions 
of the peace, held at the city of New York, the hired 
house of your petitioner, situated in the broad street 
of this city, between the houses of John Michel 
Eyers and Mr. John Spratt, was registered for an 
Anabaptist meeting-house within this city ; that 
the petitioner has it certified under the hands of 
sixteen inhabitants, of good faith and credit, that 
he had been a public teacher to a Baptist congre- 
gation within this city for four years, and some of 
them for less ; that he has it certified by the Hon. 
Rip Van Dam, Esq., one of his Majesty's council 
for the province of New York, to have hired a house 
in this city from him January, 1720, only to be a 
public house for the Baptists, which he still keeps; 
and as he has obtained from the Mayor and Re- 
corder of this city an ample certificate of his good 
behavior and innocent conversation, he therefore 
humbly prays : 



" May it please your Excellency, 

"To grant and permit this petitioner to execute 
the ministerial function of a minister within this 
city to a Baptist congregation, and to give him pro- 
tection therein, according to his Majesty's gracious 
indulgence extended towards the Pi'otestants dis- 
senting from the Established Church, he being 
willing to comply with all that is required by the 
Act of Toleration from dissenters of that persuasion 
in Great Britain, and being owned for a reverend 
brother by other Baptist teachers. 

"As in duty bound the petitioner shall ever 
pray. 

" Nicholas Eyers." 

After this petition was granted the community 
to which Mr. Eyers ministered enjoyed consider- 
able prosperity, and in 1724 a church was formally 
organized, and subsequently a meeting-house w.as 
built on Golden Hill, near John Street, of which 
they were deprived in a few years by the action of 
one of their own trustees, who had the house sold. 
Mr. Eyers was pastor of the church for seven years. 
After 1732 the community disbanded. The church 
of Mr. Eyers is described as an " Arminian" com- 
munity. 

In 1745, Jeremiah Dodge, a member of the Fish- 
kill Baptist church, who lived in the city of New 
York, opened his house for the Baptist worship, 
instituted by his Master and precious to himself. 
Benjamin Miller, of New Jersey, was accustomed 
to preach in the house of Mr. Dodge. Some of the 
members of the Free-Will Church, whom the Lord 
had taught to renounce Arminianism, joined Mr. 
Dodge in sustaining the new movement. Joseph 
Meeks, who was baptized the first year that Mr. 
Dodge had preaching in his house, greatly contrib- 
uted to the continued existence of this Baptist en- 
terprise. John Pine, a licentiate of the Fishkill 
church, preached for them for some time. In 1747 
the Scotch Plains church. New Jersey, was consti- 
tuted, and in 1753 the thirteen New York Baptists 
united with the community at Scotcli Plains. Ben- 
jamin Miller, the pastor of the church, needed 
more room for his New York hearers tlian a dwell- 
ing-house could afford, and a rigging-loft was se- 
cured in Cart-and-IIorse Street, now William Street, 
in which the future First church of New York held 
its meetings for several years. They erected their 
first church edifice on Gold Street, which was opened 
in March, 1760. On the 19th of June, 1762. twenty- 
seven persons, who had received letters of dismis- 
sion for the purpose from the Scotch Plains church, 
formed the First Regular Baptist church of New 
York City. The same day John Gano, of New Jer- 
sey, entered upon his duties as pastor of the church, 
and in two or three years the membei'ship exceeded 
two hundred. Tiie house had to be enlarged, and 



NEW YORK 



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soon it was filled to overflowing. The eloquence 
and piety of Mr. Gano made hiin one of the most 
popuhir ministers in the colonies. 

During tlie Revolution the church vyas dispersed ; 
baptism was not administered from April, 1776, to 
September, 1784. Mr. Gano was a brave patriot, 
and he entered the army as a chaplain. This po- 
sition he held throughout the war. When the 
enemy evacuated New York he returned, to find 
only thirty-seven members of his church. The 
ciiurch edifice had been used as a stable, but it was 
soon renovated; and on the resumption of divine 
worship the Lord visited them again, and in two 
years the church numbered more than two hun- 
dred. Mr. Gano left it in 1788 for Kentucky, and 
he continued tiiere until his death, in 1804. 

In 1788, llev. Dr. Benjamin Foster, of Rhode 
Island, became pastor of the church, who died of yel- 
low fever in 1798, after exercising his ministry with 
much acceptance and success for nearly ten years. 
The Rev. William Collier, of Boston, accepted the 
pastorate in 1800, and in 1803 the cliurch opened a 
new stone meeting-house, 65 by 80 feet, which cost 
$25,000. Mr. Collier resigned in 1804. In the 
same year the Kev. William Parkinson succeeded 
Mr. Collier, and continued pastor till 1840. In 
1841, Rev. Dr. Cone took the oversight of the First 
church, and held that office till 1855. The Rev. A. 
Kingman Nott was elected his successor, and was 
drowned July 7, 1859, and the Rev. Dr. Anderson 
followed Mr. Nott. Dr. John Peddie is the present 
pastor. This mother of oliurohes has had an illus- 
trious succession of shepherds, men of God and men 
of remarkahle talents ; and she has had, and has 
still, a membership worthy of her pastors. 

In New York, and in its suburbs and surround- 
ing cities, there are now more than one hundred 
churches, where a century ago our single Baptist 
church edifice was a stable for British cavalry 
horses, and its male members were in the Revolu- 
tionary army or in the graves of patriots. 

There were Baptists settled at Oyster Bay, Long 
Island, probably not many years after William 
Wickenden preached in New York City. They 
were found here in 1700, with William Rhodes, a 
licentiate, as their preacher, under whose minis- 
trations converts were brought to Jesus, and 
among them Robert Feeks, who was ordained 
pastor in 1724. Fishkill had a Baptist church in 
1745, of which Jeremiah Dodge was a member, 
who had lemoved to New York, and in that year 
of)ened his house for Baptist worship. Northeast 
church was founded in 1751, by men who had been 
brought to Christ in the great revivals in the time 
of Wliitefield ; Simon Dakin was their first pastor. 
The First church of Dover was constituted in 
1757, and the next year Rev. Samuel Waldo be- 
came their pastor, and held that position for thirty- 



five years. In 1759 the church at Stanford was 
organized. The Warwick church was formed in 
1766, by Rev. James Benedict, and from a small 
membership it soon began to prosper, and early in 
its history it established several new churches. 
Fi'om these seed-scattering communities, and from 
Baptists coming from New England, our principles 
soon after this date, at the close of the Revolution- 
ary war, began to spread with extraordinary rapid- 
ity, and this was especially true in the western part 
of the State. 

The first Baptist meeting in Western New York 
was held at Butternuts, in 1773, within the present 
limits of Otsego County. In 1776 another meeting 
for worship was established by six baptized Indians, 
at Brothertown, now in the county of Oneida. These 
red brethren came from Connecticut and Long 
Island, N. Y. The community at Butternuts was 
scattered by the Revolutionary war, but four of 
the f^imilies composing it returned after the proc- 
lamation of peace, and the next year revived their 
meetings for public worship, and in August, 1793, 
they were recognized as a regular Baptist church. 
In 1789, Rev. William Furman settled in Spring- 
field, Otsego Co., and at once began the preaching 
of the gospel, v.'hich was soon made powerful to the 
conversion of souls, and a church was formed, con- 
sisting of 30 members, in 1789; the church in 
Franklin, Delaware Co., was constituted in 1792; 
in 1794 the Kortright church, Delaware County, 
and the First, Second, and Third Burlington 
chui-ches, Otsego County, were organized. And 
the word of God had free course, and was glorified 
in the conversion of throngs and in the formation 
of great numbers of churches. On Sept. 2, 1795, 
under the leadership of Rev. William Furman, the 
ministers and messengers of thirteen churches met 
at Springfield and formed the Otsego Association. 
The sessions were full of joy, hope, and the love of 
Christ. In 1800 this body contained 37 churches, 
with 1718 members, nearly two-fifths of all the 
Baptist church membei-s in the State of New York. 
The advantages conferred by the Otsego Association 
led to the formation, in 1801, of the Cayuga Asso- 
ciation, and similar needs and benefits resulted in 
the organization of others, and such an era of al- 
most unbounded prosperity blessed the denomina- 
tion in Western New York that in 1846 there were 
thirty Associations in that field. 

Among the instrumentalities greatly favored of 
God in spreading the gospel in Western New York 
was the "Lake Missionary Society," founded in 
Pompey, Onondaga Co., in the house of Rev. Jona- 
than Baker, Aug. 27, 1807. This body, at its meet- 
ing in German in 1808, assumed the name of the 
" Hamilton Missionary Society." It employed men 
of great zeal and ability to preach Christ, and its 
success was very great. It was nobly assisted by 



NEW YORK 



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the " Hamilton Female Society" and other women's 
organizations existing for the same purpose ; the 
first contribution from this source came on Feb. 19, 
1812. The Massachusetts Baptist Missionary So- 
ciety sent laborers into this field. The " New York 
Missionary Society'' performed some mission ser- 
vice among the Tuscarora Indians. On Nov. 21, 
1821, at Mentz, Cayuga Co., the " Baptist Domes- 
tic Missionary Convention of the State of New 
York" was founded, and for an account of its 
growth, changes, and great usefulness, see article 
on Ne;v York State Missionary Convention. 

An educated ministry for our rapidly-increasing 
churches was long felt to be an absolute necessity. 
To meet this pressing demand, on Sept. 24, 1817, 
the " Baptist Education Society of the State of New 
York" was formed. The first applicant for its pa- 
tronage was Dr. Wade, subsequently of Burmah. 
Dr. Kincaid, a member of the same class, and a 
laborer in the same heathen field, was among the 
earliest to receive its advantages. For two years 
the students were taught by private instructors, 
and at academies, until the spring of 1820, when 
the Hamilton "Literary and Theological Institu- 
tion" was founded, which finally became Madison 
University, Hamilton Theological Seminary, and 
Colgate Academy. The institutions at Hamilton 
have done more for New York, New England, the 
Middle and Western States, and Burmah than any 
human pen will ever record. Rochester Univer- 
sity, with its brilliant history, came from Hamilton. 

For the Baptist newspapers of New York, see 
articles on The Examiner and Chronicle, The 
Baptist Weekly, and The Watch-Tower. 

The " New York Association" is the best-known 
body of that character in the State. In the min- 
utes of the Philadelphia Baptist Association for 
1790 we find the following : " The request of the 
churches at Stamford, Warwick, First and Second 
of New York, King Street, and Staten Island, for 
permission to join other Associations if it should be 
found more convenient, is granted." The Associ- 
ation was formed Oct. 19, 1791. The Rev. Elkanah 
Holmes was chosen moderator, and the Rev. Dr. 
Foster, pastor of the First church, clerk. Dr. Fos- 
ter preached the first sermon before the Association 
from the text, " Many shall run to and fro, and 
knowledge shall be increased." The meeting was 
held in the First church of New York. On May 
2, 1805, the Fayette Street, better known as the 
Oliver Street church, was received into the Asso- 
ciation ; the messengers representing it on that 
occasion were John Williams, pastor, and John 
Withington, Jacob Smith, John Cauldwell, and 
Francis Wayland. The New York Association 
has been remarkably active and useful in extend- 
ing the Redeemer's kingdom throughout the State, 
and its members have ever shown a spirit of en- 



lightened liberality in their contributions to spread 
the gospel all over this and many other lands. 

There are now 44 Associations in the State of 
New York, 877 churches, 801 ordained ministers, 
114,094 church members, and 878 Sunday-schools, 
with 13,161 officers and teachers, and 91,217 schol- 
ars. In New York the Baptist denomination is but 
of yesterday, and yet its numbers, intelligence, re- 
sources, piety, and influence exhibit a miracle of 
prosperity. 

New York, The First Baptist Church of.— 
This splendid edifice was dedicated to the worship 
of Almighty God in October, 1871. The church 
and chapel, with their ground and furniture, cost 
$197,500. The edifice is free from debt. The spire, 
like the whole structure, is of brownstone. Dr. 
John Peddie is the devoted and popular pastor of 
the venerable community worshiping in the superb 
edifice represented in our picture. 

New York State Missionary Convention, 
The. — -Availing ourselves of facts stated at the 
annual meeting of the Convention for 1880, it may 
be interesting to say that the first Baptist church 
organized in New York State west of the Hudson 
was in 1789, at Springfield, Otsego Co., and in 
1795 the Otsego Association was organized with 13 
churches and 5 ministers. In 1802 its churches 
had increased to 42, and its ministers to 9. There 
were at this time in the whole State of New York 
only 86 churches, with not more than 5000 mem- 
bers. In 1817 the number of churches was 310, 
with 28,000 members. Now, in 1880, the number 
of churches is 877, with nearly 115,000 members. 
In 1802 the population of the Empire State was 
about 650,000 ; 'in 1880 it is fully 5,000,000. The 
Baptist denomination in the same years has in- 
creased more than three times faster than tlie pop- 
ulation, and in the decade ending with 1880 the 
growth has been more rapid than that of the pop- 
ulation. 

To no other cause than to the character of the 
first and second generations of pioneer Baptist 
ministers can this large growth be ascribed. Most 
of the first generation died early in tliis century, 
and few of them lived later than 1825. But how 
can this generation estimate the debt it owes to 
such ministers of the Lord Jesus as Joseph Cor- 
nell, Ashbel Ilosmer, William Furman, Salmon 
Morton, Obed Warren, David Irish, Emory Os- 
good, John Lawton, Joel Butler, Sylvanus Havnes, 
Ora Butler, Lemuel Covill, and Jonathan Ferris? 
And to such laymen as Squire Munro, Jonathan 
Olmsted. Samuel Payne, Ebenezer Wakely, and 
John Keep? These were noble men of the first 
generation of Baptist pioneers, and before they had 
entered into rest another generation on whom their 
mantle had fallen took up their work and bore their 
responsibilities. They included such ministers as 




FIKST BAPTIST L'HURCU, NEW YOKt 



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850 



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Alfred Bennett, Nathaniel Kendrick, Daniel Has- 
Ciill, John Peck, Caleb Douglass, John Blodgett, 
Lewis Leonard, Cornelius P. Wyckoff, Elon Galu- 
sha, John Smitzer, Bartholomew T. Welch, Spencer 
H. Cone, Oliver C. Conistock, and Elisha Tucker, 
and such laymen as William Colgate, Friend Hum- 
phrey, Alexander M. Beebee, Seneca B. Burchard, 
Asa Bennett, Oren Sage, and William Cobb. 

These men knew how to discern the signs of 
coming events and obligations, and to make ready 
for them. In 1807 they formed the Hamilton Mis- 
sionary Society, and its field was wider than the 
State. In 1812, Mrs. Betsey Payne and Mrs. Free- 
dom Olmsted attended the annual meeting of the 
society as delegates from what was called the Ham- 
ilton Female Missionary Society, and carried with 
them twenty yards of fulled cloth as their society's 
contribution to the larger treasury. This was the 
first woman's Baptist missionary society known 
west of the Hudson, but it soon became the mother 
of a large number of like societies over all the State. 
In 1814, Rev. John M. Peck attended the annual 
meeting of the Hamilton Society as the represent- 
fitive of Luther Rice, and the society took imme- 
diate measures to awaken a spirited co-operation 
in the work of foreign missions. In the same year 
the necessity of a religious paper, devoted largely 
to religious news, was felt, and a quarterly paper, 
called The Vehicle, was set agoing, which was sub- 
sequently merged in the New York Baptist Regis- 
ter. In 1817 the New York State Baptist Education 
Society was organized, and in 1820 the Hamilton 
Literary and Theological Institution was started 
upon its beneficent career. In 1821, prompted by 
the Hudson River Association, the State Missionary 
Convention was organized at Mentz, near Auburn, 
and in 1825 the long-desired unionof the Hamilton 
Missionary Society and the State Convention was 
effected. 

What this State Convention, dating back by this 
union to the year 1807, has done appears in its 
helping to make strong and self-supporting such 
churches as Binghamton, Owego, Waverly, Corn- 
ing, First and Emmanuel, Buffalo, First and Sec- 
ond, Rochester, Ogdensburg, and scores of others 
in every part of the State. But, like most other 
good movements, the Convention has had a check- 
ered history. It took several years to Ijring about 
a union between it and the Hamilton Missionary 
Society. But some years after the union was ef- 
fected a new and rather sharp trial came in settling 
the relations that should exist between the Conven- 
tion and the American Baptist Home Mission So- 
ciety. An auxiliary relationship was finally fixed 
upon, and it was made the duty of the Convention 
to act as a collecting agency for the Home Mission 
Society, so as to avoid two sets of appeals to the 
churches. But it was found, after some years of 



trial, that the plan did not work well. Then came 
the conflict of a re-adjustment, which ended in mak- 
ing the State of New York open to the agents of 
both organizations. But the Convention continued 
to do good work for the means at its command under 
this arrangement to the year 1868, when the co-op- 
erative system was adopted, by which all the home 
and domestic money of the State went into the Home 
Mission Society's treasury, and the State mission- 
aries were paid out of that general fund. The 
effect of this was to make the State Convention 
less influential and successful as a purely State 
organization. 

In 1874 the Convention was reorganized at Hor- 
nellsville, N. Y., under a new constitution, the 
main purpose of which was to make it a strictly 
State organization, more distinctively representa- 
tive in its character and less complicated in its 
structure. It was provided that its sole object 
should be to promote the interests of the State 
missionary, educational, and Sunday-school work, 
and that its efforts should be directed by an exec- 
utive committee of seven men living in the city of 
New York and vicinity. In these six years a larger 
and better work has been done within the State 
than in any other corresponding period in the Con- 
vention's history. Each year has been an advance 
over the one preceding it in the number of mis- 
sionaries commissioned, the work done, and the 
amount of money received. In the year closing 
with October, 1880, the total receipts and disburse- 
ments were $11,978.31. During the year 73 mis- 
sionaries were commissioned, as against 61 the 
previous year ; and from 70 of these reports were 
received quarterly up to October 1. These show a 
total of 2344 weeks' labor performed, 6230 sermons 
preached, 3931 prayer-meetings held, 12,476 re- 
ligious visits, 242 churches and out-stations sup- 
plied, and 260 persons baptized by the missionaries 
themselves. The late annual meetings of the Con- 
vention have been distinguished for their unity and 
ability, and for their benign influence on all the 
denominational interests of the State. 

New York Watch-Tower, The, is a weekly 
journal devoted to Christian work in the Baptist 
denomination. It was at first called The Baptist 
Outlook, edited by Justin D. Fulton, D.D., but in 
1878 its name was changed, and John W. Olmstead, 
D.D., became the editor and proprietor. It ap- 
peared at first in the quarto form, but increase of 
patronage led to enlargement and a change to the 
folio form. Its plan is to furnish a good Baptist 
newspaper at so low a price that the less able mem- 
bers of our churches will be induced to take it. 
In November, 1880, the paper was further enlarged 
and improved under the auspices of The Watch- 
Tower Publishing Co., Dr. Olmstead, editor-in- 
chief, with able assistants. It is loyal to Christ 



NILES 



NOEL 



and the Baptist faith and practice. It is the special 
champioQ of the "Bible Uaion" principles, of pure 
versions in the English as well as foreign tongues. 
As a journalist, Dr. Olmstead, so long the editor of 
the Watchman and Reflector, of Boston, stands de- 
servedly high. A large part of his paper is filled 
with carefully-written editorial matter. His dis- 
cussions of religious and denominational matters 
are calm, dignified, and forcible. The Watch- Towei' 
is growing in public favor and patronage. 

Niles, Rev. Asa, was born in North Middle- 
borough, Mass., Feb. 10, 1777. He was baptized 
by Rev. Dr. Baldwin in 1800, and united with the 
Second Baptist church in Boston. He studied for 
a time with Rev. W. Williams, of Wrentham, Mass., 
and at a meeting of the Warren Baptist Association 
at Warren, R. I., in 1805, he was ordained as an 
evangelist. He commenced at once to preach, and 
labored in several places, not remaining long in any 
one of them. He was also a missionary of the 
Rhode Island Convention for some time, doing the 
work of an evangelist in diiferent parts of the State. 
In 1832 he removed to North Middleborough, and 
preached there for two years. His death occurred 
April 15, 1849. 

Nisbet, Ebenezer, D.D., was born June 20, 
1826, in Edinburgh, Scotland. He came with his 




EBENEZER NISBET, D.D. 

parents to America in 1834. The family settled in 
Broome Co., N. Y. After some years they removed 
to the neighborhood of Owego, N. Y., at whose 
academy Ebenezer prepared for the University of 
Rochester, in which he graduated in 1853. He 



entered Rochester Theological Seminary the same 
year, and graduated in 1855. He remained as a 
resident graduate at Rochester for a year, and then 
settled at East Avon, N. Y., and was ordained Sept. 
5, 1856. He was pastor at East Avon and Brock- 
port, N. Y., at Fond du Lac, Wis., at Rochester, 
N. Y., at Rock Island, 111., and he is now pastor at 
Leavenworth, Kansas. During his labors at East 
Avon the membership nearly doubled, large acces- 
sions were made at Brockport, 342 were admitted 
to the Fond du Lac church, and above 200 at Roch- 
ester. At Rock Island he was instrumental in 
largely relieving the church of a burdensome debt, 
while at Leavenworth under his administration a 
debt of above $16,000 has been removed. The 
Univei-sity of Chicago bestowed upon him. in June, 
1868, the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He deliv- 
ei-ed the following year in the university building, 
before the Ministers' Institute of the Northwest, a 
course of lectures on ''Science and Religion." He 
was appointed, in 1881, by the governor of Kan- 
sas, one of the regents of the State University. He 
is the author of an able work on the Resurrection, 
and he has also written several review articles. 
Quite a number of his sermons have been pub- 
lished by requesi. 

Nix, Rev. Allen, an able pioneer preacher of 
Ouachita Baptist Association, La., died in Cata- 
houla Parish in 1847. At the time of his death he 
was pastor of the First Baptist church on Little 
River. 

Noble, Rev. Mark, was bom in Old Charlton, 
Kent, England, Nov. 25, 1836 : was converted 
under the preaching of Rev. C. H. Spurgeon, by 
whom he was baptized Dec. 1, 1859. He was or- 
dained at Necton, Norfolk, England. Mr. Noble 
was brought up by his maternal grandparents. In 
early life he studied architecture. He entered Mr. 
Spurgeon's college in 1862. He had charge of the 
Baptist church at Carleton Road, Norfolk, which 
he resigned to come to America, in 1870. He ar- 
rived in Fairbury, Neb., March 10, 1870. Under 
his labors the Baptist church in Fairbury was or- 
ganized, July 3, 1870; also, July 5, 1870, the Dry 
Branch Baptist church. Mr. Noble has served 
these churches since their formation, and has or- 
ganized other churches. He has labored indus- 
triously and successfully amid many privations. 

Noel, Hon. and Rev. Baptist W., was for many 

years an eminent clergyman of the Church of Eng- 
land, but from 1848 he was identified with the Eng- 
lish Baptists. He was the brother of the Earl of 
Gainsborough. He was educated at Trinity College, 
Cambridge, graduating with distinction in 1826. 
Having been ordained, he became minister of St. 
-John's, Bedford-row, London, where he preached 
to a very numerous audience of the upper classes 
until his secession from the Established Church. 



■NOEL 



NOEL 



He was universally regarded as one of the most 
eminent preachers in the metropolis, and a leader 
of the evangelical party. He was one of the royal 
chaplains, and according to common report more 




HON. AXD REV. BAPTIST \Y . NOEL. 

than once declined promotion to the Episcopal 
bench. His secession was the leading event in 
English ecclesiastical affairs for some time. The 
publication of his book on the " Union of Chui-ch 
and State" excited much curiosity concerning his 
future course. At length he avowed himself con- 
vinced of the Scriptnralness of Baptist principles, 
and was publicly baptized in London, Aug. 9, 1849. 
He published two essays about the same time on 
the "E.Kternal Act of Baptism" and "Christian 
Baptism." Soon after, he entered upon his min- 
istry in John Street Chapel, as successor to the 
venerable John Harrington Evans, near the scene 
of his labors as a State Church clergyman. Here 
he ministered until 1868, when, having attained 
his seventieth year, he resigned his pastoral chai-ge, 
and engaged occasionally in evangelistic services 
in different parts of the country, as he had done 
for some time after his i-etirement from the Church 
of England. As an Episcopal minister he had 
wielded a moral influence scarcely second to that 
of any of his contemporaries. This was due to the 
fine blending of dignity and independence in his 
character with high spirituality. When he joined 
the Baptists these qualities were irradiated by 
the sacrifices he had made for conscience' sake. 
Wherever he went to preach, immense throngs, 
belonging to almost every denomination, assembled 



to listen to a man whose sincerity of motive was 
beyond suspicion, and whose whole demeanor and 
action seemed a vivid embodiment of the noblest 
Christian manhood. When he was invited by the 
Baptist Union to accept the highest honor which 
his brethren have it in their power to bestow, he 
willingly, but with characteristic modesty, accepted 
the position. He filled the chair in 1867, the year 
preceding his retirement from the pastorate, and at 
the autumnal meeting at Cardiff, his unwritten ad- 
dress on the work of the ministry produced a sin- 
gularly powerful impression. When he retired 
from the pulpit at John Street in the following 
year, his text at both services was Gal. vi. 14 : " God 
forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our 
Lord Jesus Christ," and he uttered scarcely a word 
of personal reference during the whole day. It is 
a remarkable fact that until the time of his depart- 
ure drew near, he was never known to have a 
day's illness in his life. Dr. Tyng, in his " Recol- 
lections of England," published in 1847, described 
Mr. Noel as " certainly a most interesting and de- 
lightful preacher ; altogether extemporaneous ; 
mild and persuasive in his manner, yet sufficiently 
impressive and sometimes powerful, having a very 
clear and consistent flow of thought." In addition 
to a variety of occasional sermons, and sermons on 
special occasions, Mr. Noel published numerous 
works of greater or less celebrity. Besides his 
well-known book on Church and State, and the 
volumes on Baptism, he published " Sermons on 
the First Five Centuries of the Church," 1839; 
"Sermons to the Unconverted," 1840: "Sermons 
at St. James's," 1842 ; " Sermons at the Chapels 
Royal," 1842 uind 1848 ; " Case of the Free Church 
of Scotland," 1844; " Notes of a Tour in Switzer- 
land in 1847 ;" " Letters on the Church of Rome," 
1852, etc. Among pamphlets which excited con- 
siderable attention, his letter to the bishop of 
London on the spiritual destitution of the metrop- 
olis was particularly effective for good. Also his 
publications on the Jamaica Massacres ; on the 
" Duty of Englishmen towards the Hindoos," and 
on "American Freedom and Slavery," during the 
civil war in this country, were widely read. He 
died Sunday afternoon, Jan. 19, 1873, in his sev- 
enty-fifth year. His amiable spirit, exemplary 
character, fidelity to conviction, and complete and 
life-long consecration to the work of the Lord, are 
a precious possession to the whole church, and par- 
ticularly to the Baptist body, with whicii, con- 
strained by conscience, he spent his maturer years. 
Noel, Silas Mercer, D.D., son of Rev. Theo- 
doric Noel, was born near Richmond, Va., Aug. 
13, 1783. He received a classical education, after 
which he studied law, and entered on the prac- 
tice of his profession at Frankfort, Ky. After a 
prosperous career of a few years, he abandoned the 



NOFFSINGER 



853 



NORTH CAROLINA 



law for the gospel ministry, and was ordained 
pastor of the Big Spring Baptist chui-ch in Wood- 
ford County. A few years later he was appointed 
judge of the Circuit Court about the year 1817, 
which position he filled several yeai's, when he re- 
signed and resumed the active duties of the min- 
istry. He traveled and preached extensively, and, 
during a number of years, his success was so great 
that it was said " he baptized more people than any 
other preacher in Kentucky." In 1827 he became 
pastor of Great Crossing church in Scott County, 
and during the following year baptized into its fel- 
lowship 359 pei'sons. He was an author of more 
than ordinary ability, and he wrote extensively for 
the periodicals of his time. He was the publisher 
of a Baptist monthly in 1813, which, however, was 
suspended for want of patronage. In 1836 he was 
called to the pastorate of the First Baptist church 
in Lexington. His death occurred May 5, 1839. 

Noffsinger, Rev. M. V., pastor at Macon, Miss., 
was born in Virginia, and educated at Union Uni- 
versity, Murfreesborough, Tenn. He professed faith 
at the age of sixteen, and was ordained in 1862. 
He has labored successfully as pastor at Marion, 
Va., four years ; Jonesborough, Tenn., four years : 
Morristown, Tenn., four years; agent of Union 
University, one year, adding §25,000 to the endow- 
ment. He has been some time in his present pas- 
torate. He has been successful as a church builder, 
and in removing debts from churches. He is about 
forty years of age. 

Norris, S. M., an active Sunday-school laborer 
at Kingston, La., was born in South Carolina in 
1813. He came to Louisiana in 1853. Has accom- 
plished great good as colporteur and Sunday-school 
agent. 

Norsworthy, Rev. Galbanum, M.D., a lead- 
ing minister of Liberty Association, Arkansas, was 
born in North Carolina in 1815 ; removed to Ar- 
kansas in 1848, and engaged successfully in the 
practice of medicine ; began to preach in 1868, and 
has done much to supply the destitution about him ; 
is an able preacher and forcible writer. 

North Carolina, The Baptists of.— • 

THEIR ORIGIN. 

Moore, in his " History of North Carolina," says, 
" Sir William Berkeley, governor of Virginia, drove 
out of that colony, in 1653, the Baptists and Quakers, 
who found a refuge in the Albemarle region of Car- 
olina." Morgan Edwards says there were Baptists 
in North Carolina as early as 1695, and Dr. Hawks, 
in enumerating the freeholders in several eastern 
counties of North Carolina, mentions the names of 
many Baptists, and among them two preachers, — 
Paul Palmer and William Burgess. The first 
church, however, of which we read was not organ- 
ized till 1727, — some authorities say 1729, — in the 



county of Camden, by Paul Palmer, and was called 
Shiloh. This church still exists. Palmer was a 
native of Welsh Tract, Del. 

In 1729 the Meherrin church, which still exists, 
and is located near 31urfreesborough, N. C, was 
constituted by Joseph Parker, who was ordained 
by Paul Palmer, of Camden County. In 1750 the 
Meherrin church gave letters for the formation of 
the Sandy Run church, in Bertie County, and from 
these three original churches Baptist principles 
were gradually but slowly disseminated through 
the eastern part of the State. 

In 1742, Elder William Sojourner came with a 
colony from Berkeley Co., Va., and settled on Ke- 
hukee Creek, in Halifax County. In 1752 the 
church they founded had multiplied into sixteen 
churches. 

It would seem from what Benedict says that the 
Baptists of both these settlements were Arminian, 
or Free-Will, for some time, and were accustomed 
to baptize, certainly in some cases, without requir- 
ing regeneration. In 1775, Miller and Vanhorn 
were sent down by the Philadelphia Association to 
look after these irregular Baptists, and with the 
blessing of God were enal)led to effect a great ref- 
ormation among them. They adopted the London 
Confession of Faith, published in 1689, and in 1765 
formed the Kehukee Association. 

The reformation of doctrine alluded to above 
must have been but partial, however, as we find a 
resolution adopted at a large meeting held at the 
Falls of Tar River in 1775, described at length by 
Burkett and Read in their " History of the Kehu- 
kee Association," in which non-fellowship was de- 
clared, with those churches whose members were 
not converted before baptism. Gradually the 
churches came to the old landmarks of Baptist 
faith and were united, though for a long time 
Joseph Pai'ker and the Meherrin church did not 
come into the union. 

The third, and by far the most prosperous, colony 
of Baptists who settled in North Carolina also came 
from Bei-keley Co.,Va., led by Elder Shubal Stearns, 
and settled on Sandy Creek, then in Guilford, now 
in Randolph. 

Daniel Marshall, the brother-in-law of Mr. 
Stearns, before a Congregationalist, became a 
Baptist, and was very successful as an evangelist. 
The Sandy Creek was a most fruitful mother of 
churches, though originally composed of but 16 
members. In seventeen years it had organized 42 
churches, had ordained 115 ministers, and gath- 
ered a membership of 600 communicants. 

The first Association formed in this State was the 
Sandy Creek, in 1758. In 1792 the Arminian Bap- 
tists of the eastern part of the State united with the 
Calvinistic Baptists of this Association, and thus 
the denomination became united, to remain so till 



NORTH CAROLUSfA 



854 



NORTH CAROLINA 



1827, when the Kehukee and Country Line Asso- 
ciations left the Old-School Missionary Baptists 
and became a new sect of Anti-Missionary Bap- 
tists. 

In Dr. G. W. Purefoy's " History of the Sandy 
Creek Association," pp. 51-57, it is abundantly, 
shown that in 1821 the Country Line Association 
was a Missionary body, and in favor of Sabbath- 
schools, and the " History of the Kehukee Associ- 
ation," by Burkebt and Read, shows that that body 
was composed of Missionary churches for many 
years after its organization. The Portsmouth and 
the Chowan were, both daughters of the Kehukee 
Association, and were in their origin, as they still 
are, Missionary organizations. 

FORMATION OP THE STATE CONVENTION. 

There seems to have been no general effort to 
unite the denomination till about the years 1814- 
16, when the North Carolina Baptist Society for 
Foreign and Domestic Missions was formed. Who 
were the leaders in this movement does not appear, 
but we find that the address to the churches was 
written by the Rev. Josiah Crudup, and that the 
famous Robert T. Daniel was its agent. This effort 
at organization having failed, another society was 
formed about 1826, called the Baptist Benevolent 
Society. It drew together a number of prominent 
men in Greenville in 1829, and after talking the 
matter over it was pretty well agreed that they 
would make an effort to form a State Convention 
at their next meeting. In a journal of Dr. Samuel 
Wait it is stated that Rev. Thomas Meredith pre- 
pared the constitution of the new Convention be- 
fore he left his home in Edenton, and that when 
the Convention was formed, in the barn of Dr. J. 
C. Gorham, a leading Baptist of Greenville, Pitt 
Co., March 20, 1830, that constitution was sub- 
stantially adopted, and that is still the constitution 
of the North Carolina Baptist State Convention. 
Its second article reads as follows : " The primary 
objects of this Convention shall be the education 
of young men called of God to the ministry and 
approved of by the chui'ches to which they respect- 
ively belong, the employment of missionaries within 
the limits of the State, and a co-operation with the 
Baptist General Convention of the United States in 
the promotion of missions in general." 

At the time of the adoption of this constitution 
the Baptists of North Carolina, including Primi- 
tive, or Anti-Missionary, and Free-Will Baptists, 
numbered but 14 Associations, 272 churches, and 
15.360 members. They had no denominational 
paper, and no school, male nor female, under con- 
trol of the denomination. Many of the Associations 
scarcely raised more money at their annual meet- 
ings than was necessary to defray the expenses of 
printing their minutes, but the founders of the 



Convention were men of large brain, unflagging 
zeal, and earnest piety. They were the strongest 
men of their denomination, and some of them the 
peers of any men in the State. They planned 
largely, and worked zealously up to their plans. 

The officers of the Convention were P. W. Dowd, 
President ; W. P. Biddle, Thomas Meredith, and 

C. McAlister, Vice-Presidents ; R. S. Blount, Re- 
cording Secretary ; and H. Austin, Treasurer. 

The first Board of Directors of the Convention 
consisted of Charles W. Skinner and Henry A. 
Skinner, of Perquimans ; Elder Thomas D. Ma- 
son, of Greenville ; Daniel Boon, of Johnson County ; 
Elder Samuel Wait, William Sanders, and Elijah 
Clark, of Newbern ; Elder James D. Hall, of Cur- 
rituck County ; Peter B. Lawrence and James Hart- 
mers, of Tarborough ; James B. Outlaw, of Bertie 
County ; W. B. Hinton, I. Ilolliman, and Elder 
John Purefoy, of Wake ; Elder Jacob Rascow, of 
Edenton; Samuel Simpson, of Craven ; Elder James 
McDaniel, of Cumberland ; and G. Hukeby, of 
Orange. 

The following ministers were appointed as agents 
of the Convention, and served without pay, viz.: 
P. W. Dowd, Raleigh ; Thomas Meredith, Edenton; 
William P. Biddle, Craven County ; James McDan- 
iel, Cumberland County ; John Armstrong, New- 
bern ; Reuben Lawrence, Bertie County ; Robert 
T. Daniel and Eli Phillips, Moore County ; James 

D. Hall, Currituck County; John Purefoy, Wake 
County; John Culpepper, Montgomery County; 
William Dowd, Stokes County. Samuel Wait was 
appointed general agent of the Convention, at a 
salary of $1.00 a day, and John Armstrong, corre- 
sponding secretary. 

An address, wiseand masterly in an extraordinary 
degree, was prepared by the Rev. Thomas Mere- 
dith and sent forth to the churches, showing the 
advantages of such an institution, answering objec- 
tions, and inviting them to unite in the organization. 
The Convention was a bond of union and a source 
of development, and thus proved a great blessing 
to the denomination. 

The Convention has three boards or Executive 
Committees to attend to the four special depart- 
ments of work, the Board of Missions, Home and 
Foreign, located in Raleigh ; the Board of Educa- 
tion, located at Wake Forest College; and the Sun- 
day-School Board, also located in Raleigh. These 
boards are composed of prominent men, laymen as 
well as ministers, chosen from different parts of 
the State, enough, however, residing in the vicinity 
of the location of the board to constitute a quorum. 

NORTH CAROLINA BAPTISTS WHO HAVE BE- 
COME DISTINGUISHED IN OTHER STATES. 

As in the field of politics North Carolina has 
produced three Presidents of the nation, Jackson, 



NORTH CAROLINA 



855 



NORTH CAROLINA 



Polk, and Johnson, each of whom attained distinc- 
tion in other States, so in the realm of religion 
it is not immodest to say that many of the wisest 
and ablest men who have adornod the Baptist Zion 
of the South have gone forth from this State. Silas 
Mercer, of Georgia, was a preacher in North Caro- 
lina for years before he went South, and his nephew, 
Jesse Mercer, the leader of the Georgia Baptists and 
the founder and benefactor of Mercer University, 
was a native of Halifax Co., N. C. The elder \V. 
T. Brantly and the elder Basil Manly were born in 
Chatham Co., N. C, within five miles of each other, 
and entered the ministry in this State. John 
Kerr, who as an orator was pronounced by Dr. 
Jeter as first, and no man was second, and who be- 
came so celebrated in Virginia, was born in Cas- 
well Co., N. C, where he began to preach, and he 
died in North Carolina. Dr. R. B. C. Howell, so 
long identified with Virginia and Tennessee, and 
among the most distinguished Baptist authors of 
the South, was a native of Wayne Co., N. C, and 
began his ministry in North Carolina. Dr. A. M. 
Poindexter, the prince of agents, and the most elo- 
quent man the writer ever heard, was born in Bertie 
Co., N. C. And J. S. Mims, the learned professor, 
and Iverson L. Brooks, the successful pastor, both 
of South Carolina, were born, the first in Cumber- 
land County, the second in Caswell Co., N. C. All 
these, with Saunders, the first pi-esident of Mercer 
University, Georgia, and Emerson, of William 
Jewell College, Missouri, and Solomon, of Ken- 
tucky, and hundreds of other useful and honored 
men among the Baptists, have gone forth from this 
great Baptist State. 

PROGRESS OF THE BAPTISTS IN NORTH CARO- 
LINA. 

In 1770 there were but 9 churches in the State. 
In 1784 there were 42 churches, 47 ministers, 3776 
members. In 1812 there were 204 churches, 117 
ministers, and 12,567 members. In 1832 there 
were 332 churches, 211 ministers, and 18,918 
members. In 1851 there were 599 churches, 374 
ministers, and 41,674 members. In 1860 there 
were 692 churches, 374 ministers, and 59,778 
members. In 1876 there were 1442 churches, 793 
ministers, and 137,000 members. Their statistics 
as reported for 1880 foot up 77 Associations, 1905 
churches, and 172,951 members. 

These figures place North Carolina third among 
the States as regards Baptist strength. Georgia is 
first, Virginia second, and North Carolina third. 

North Carolina, The Biblical Recorder of.— 

No single agency has done so much to unite and 
develop the Baptists of North Carolina as the Bibli- 
cal Recorder, which for forty-six years has been 
their State organ. In 1833, Rev. Thomas Meredith, 
then pastor in Edenton, issued The Baptist Inter- 



preter, a monthly publication, in pamphlet form, 
with a list of less than a hundred subscribers. In 
about two years there was a call for a weekly paper, 
and in January, 1834, The Biljlical Recorder was 
originated )jy the same man, beginning with nearly 
1000 subscribers. The paper was removed to Ncw- 
bern in 1834, and to Raleigh in 1838, wiiere it is 
now issued. About this time the Recorder and 
Southern Watchman, of Charleston, S. C, were 
united, and, until 1842, it was published under the 
style of The Recorder and Watchman. In 1842 the 
Recorder was suspended for six months, being su- 
perseded by a monthly periodical entitled The 
Southern Christian Repository. After six months, 
however, the publication of the Recorder was re- 
sumed, and it continued under the management of 
Mr. Meredith till his death, in 1851. For two or 
three years it was edited by Rev. T. W. Toby, 
D.D., pastor of the Raleigh church, and was still 
the property of Mrs. Meredith. In 1854 the paper 
was purchased by a joint-stock company, and Rev. 
J. J. James, one of the proprietors, became editor. 
Two years afterwards Mr. James bought out his 
partners, and associated Rev. J. S. Walthal with 
himself as editor, and they continued these rela- 
tions until 1861, when Rev. J. D. Hufham, D.D., 
bought the journal, and edited it throughout the 
war. In April, 1865, by reason of a want of postal 
facilities, the Recorder was again suspended for a 
time, but its publication was resumed in the fall 
of the same year. 

In 1867, Dr. Hufham sold the paper to Dr. 
Walters and Mr. J. H. Mills, who were its joint 
editors for a time. Mr. Mills, however, became sole 
proprietor in a few months, and continued to con- 
duct the paper till 1873, when the Recorder passed 
into the hands of Prof. A. F. Read, who, after two 
years' experience as editor, sold it to Rev. C. T. 
Bailey, who still owns it, in connection with C. B. 
Edwards and N. B. Broughton. Dr. J. D. Hufham 
was associate editor with Mr. Bailey for more than 
a year after he took charge of the Recorder. Dr. 
T. H. Pritchard was also employed on the editorial 
staff for two years, and the Rev. Harvey Hatcher 
is now the associate editor. 

The Recorder has a subscription-list of about 
4500, and is regarded not only as a means of emi- 
nent usefulness, but a good property, yielding a 
handsome income to the propi'ietors. 

North Carolina, The Colored Baptists of.— 

There are probably 80,000 colored Baptists in North 
Carolina in regular Baptist churches. A consider- 
able number also are to be found in Methodist 
churches who have been immersed, and who do not 
believe in or practise infant baptism. Up to the 
close of the war the colored people in most cases 
were members of the same churches with the whites, 
having a portion of the meeting-houses set apart 



NORTH CAROLINA 



NORTHRUP 



for their use, though in a few instances they had 
distinct organizations and their own pastors. As 
■was naturally to be expected, they withdrew from 
their white brethren after their liberation, though 
not in all cases, for the colored members of the 
First Baptist church of Kaleigh did not retire till 
nearly four years after tlie war closed. 

Since the war they have grown rapidly, and 
have now 30 Associations, with about 750 churches, 
and a membership of 80,000, and with probably 
30,000 teachers and scholars in their Sunday- 
schools. 

CONVENTION. 

Their State Convention was organized at Golds- 
borough, N. C, Oct. 17, 1867, and they were aided 
on this occasion by a committee appointed by the 
Convention of their white brethren, consisting of 
Revs. J. S. Purefoy, W. M. Young, A. D. Cohen, 
and C. J. Nelson, liev. William Warwick was 
chosen President, and L. W. Boone, Seeretai-y. 
The objects of their Convention are the promotion 
of missions, ministerial education, and Sunday- 
schools. This Convention met in Newbern in Oc- 
tober, 1879, and its ofiScers are Rev. Caesar John- 
son, President; Rev. H. A. Powell, Vice-President ; 
E. E. Smith, Secretary ; Rev. John Curly, Corre- 
sponding Secretary ; Rev. A. B. Williams, Treas- 
urer ; Rev. G. W. Perry, Auditor. 

They also have a Sunday-school Convention, 
which meets annually, the last session having been 
held in September, 1879, in Goldsborough. They 
have a church organ, called the African Expositor, 
which is issued monthly. 

Their corresponding secretary travels as an 
agent, collecting money, and doing missionary 
work also. 

As early as 1868 the Convention voted that a 
chair of theology should be established for the 
training of their ministers, and the Rev. H. JM. 
Tupper, of the Shaw Univei'sity, was chosen to fill 
this chair. 

In addition to the Shaw University they have 
three academies, — one at Plymouth, one at Garys- 
burg, and one at Goldsborough ; the first two are 
paid for and the other nearly so. 

North Carolina, Western Convention of.— 
In 1789 the French Broad Baptist church was or- 
ganized in that part of North Carolina known as 
west of the Blue Ridge. Big Ivy church also 
claims to have been constituted about the same 
time. The first Association organized in the west 
was the French Broad, in 1807, and was formed by 
the union of six churches, — Little Ivy, Locust's 
Old Fields, New Found, Caney River, French 
Broad, and Cane Creek. The first three were dis- 
missed from the Holston Association of Tennessee; 
the other three from Broad River, in South Caro- 
lina. Its ordained ministers were Thomas Snelson, 



Thomas Justice, Sim Blythe, Benjamin King, Hum- 
phrey Posey, and Stephen Morgan. 

Other churches and Associations having orig- 
inated in this part of the State, the Western Bap- 
tist Convention was organized in 1845 as an aux- 
iliary of the State Convention. In 1857 it became 
an independent body. At first its territory ex- 
tended as far east as the Yadkin, but since the late 
war it has confined its labors principally to the 
fourteen counties Avest of the Blue Ridge. This 
territory contains 9 Associations, representing 
about 20,000 Baptists. The Convention has three 
boards, — a Sunday-school board, located at Ashe- 
ville ; a Mission board, located at Waynesville ; and 
an Education board, whose headquarters are at 
Hendersonville. In 1853 the Carolina Baptist, a 
weekly newspaper, was started at Hendersonville, 
with Rev. James Blythe as editor. It suspended 
in 1856, but resumed publication in 1857. Soon 
afterwards it was succeeded by the Baptist Telescope, 
W. A. G. Bunn editor, but this paper lived only a 
few years. Rev. N. Bowen originated the Cottage 
Visitor, which continued until 1871. The Baptist 
Gleaner, edited by Rev. John Ammons, appeared 
in Asheville in 1877, but lived only a year. The 
Baptist Telescope has been revived, and is edited 
by Rev. N. Bowen. 

The Baptists sought to establish a college at 
Mars Hill, in Madison County, before the war, but 
the prevalence of hostilities caused the enterprise 
to be abandoned, and it has not since been revived. 
A school at Holly Springs, in Macon County, has 
been under the patronage of the denomination for 
several years. 

In 1858 it was determined to build a Baptist 
female college at Hendersonville. Rev. N. Bowen, 
as agent, pushed the work, until stopped by the 
war. A granite building, three stories high, nearly 
complete, owned at present by a joint-stock com- 
pany, but controlled by the Baptists, is the result 
of this effort. This institution, known as the Jud- 
son College, has a patronage of a hundred students 
of both sexes, and is presided over by Rev. W. A. 
Nelson, D.D., aided by a competent corps of teach- 
ers. The present ofiicers of the Convention are: 
President, Rev. N. Bowen : Vice-Presidents, Rev. 
S. M. CoUis, Rev. John Ammons ; Secretary, Co- 
lumbus M. Williams : Treasurer, John L. Pleas- 
ants ; Historian, Rev. D. B. Nelson. 

Northrup, G. W., D.D., LL.D., the able and 
distinguished president of the theological sem- 
inary at Chicago, was born at Antwerp, Jefferson 
Co., N. Y., Oct. 15, 1826. From his earliest child- 
hood he was under strong religious influences, his 
father being a man of singularly devout character 
and life. Though converted, as he believes, at the 
age of twelve, it was at the age of sixteen that he 
received baptism, at the hands of Rev. Wilbur Til- 



NORTHRUP 



857 



NORTON 



linghast, becoming a member of the Baptisb church 
in his native town. The school advantages in Ant- 
werp were of an inferior character. His scholarly 
tendencies, however, very early showed themselves, 




G. W. NORTHRLl', D D., LL.D. 

and he began the study of Latin, with such imper- 
fect helps as he could secure, while but a boy. At 
the age of eighteen he left home, with a view to 
make a career for himself, though as yet with no 
distinct purpose as to the line of life he should 
choose. Some years were spent in teaching at 
Trenton, near Utica, and at Granville and Hartford, 
Washington Co. When at about the age of twenty- 
one a visit to relatives living in Watertown, N. Y., 
was the means of deciding him to enter upon a 
regular course of study. He had already, in con- 
nection with his teaching, but mainly through pri- 
vate study, become so much a proficient in math- 
ematics that he had in that department passed over 
most of the ground of a college course. In Latin 
he had done something ; in Greek he had not made 
even a beginning. Setting himself resolutely to 
private study, partly under the tuition of A. C. 
Beach, Esq., since lieutenant-governor of the State 
of New York, he made such progress that in a year 
and a half he was prepared to enter the last term 
of the Sophomore year at Williams College in 
Massachusetts. At his graduation, in 1854, he 
took the metaphysical oration, perhaps the highest 
of the college honors at Williams. Entering the 
theological seminary at Rochester, he graduated 
there in 1857. 

Immediately upon the conclusion of his theo- 
55 



logical course he was appointed instructor in 
church history in the seminary at Rochester, and 
at the end of the year full professor in that depart- 
ment. The ten years of service, until his call to 
Chicago in 1867, made their lasting impression in 
the seminary and upon the numerous young men 
who came under his tuition. Better work in 
church history has probably never been done in 
any theological seminary in this country. During 
this period, besides. Dr. Northrup won distinction 
as a preacher. For one year and a half he supplied 
the pulpit of the First church in Rochester, 165 
being in that time added to the church by baptism. 
In 1867 he was called to the presidency and the 
chair of Theology in the seminary about to be 
organized at Chicago. Marked as had been his 
adaptation to the form of work assigned him at 
Rochester, for this at Chicago he was perhaps still 
better suited. While yet a youth he had become 
an enthusiastic student of metaphysics. Previous 
to entering college he had read " Rational Psychol- 
ogy" (not an easy book to master) through no less 
than five times, and knew pages of it by heart. 
This intellectual learning and capacity qualified 
him in an especial manner for a mastery of sys- 
tematic theology ; and his classes at Chicago en- 
thusiastically testify to the grasp he has, and in 
their measure enables them to take, of the whole 
subject of Christian doctrine in its classification 
and in its verification. Although he has not as 
yet become known as an author, his lectures, alike 
in church history and in theology, have been made 
so complete and so full that, if they could be given 
to the world, they would rank with the most valueii 
of the many books in these lines of theologica\ 
study. As a preacher and lecturer Dr. Northrup 
renders eminent service, alike to the denomination 
and to the general cause of truth, in those depart- 
ments of it which it is the fashion of tliese timea 
especially to assail, — more particulai'ly what con- 
cerns the relations of science and philosophy with 
the doctrines of the Christian faith. 

Norton, Charles C, D.D., was born in Wash- 
ington, Conn. He was brought up in the Protest- 
ant Episcopal Church. After his conversion his 
convictions of duty led him to unite with a Baptist 
church, and he was baptized into the fellowsliip of 
the church in Carmel, Putnam Co., N. Y. Soon 
after his connection with the church he was licensed 
to preach, and entered the University of New 
York, and afterwards the University of Rochester, 
from which he was graduated. He then entered 
the theological seminary there, and was graduated 
in 1854. In 1855 he accepted a call from the Sixth 
Street Baptist church in New York, where he was 
ordained and commenced his ministerial work. 
His connection with that church continued nine 
years, during which a pressing church debt was 



NORTON 



NOTT 



removed, and about 400 converts were added to it 
by baptism. For the past seventeen years he has 
been the successful pastor of the Central Park 
Baptist church of New Yoi-k. He is a fine scholar 
and an able preacher. The honorary degree of 
D.D. was conferred on him by Shurtlefi^ College. 
During his ministry he has baptized 704. 

Norton, Judge E. H,, was born in Logan Co., 
Ky., Nov. 21, 1821. He entered Centre College, at 




JUDGE E. H. NORTON. 

Danville, at seventeen years of age. In 1842 he 
graduated from the law department of Transyl- 
vania University, and located in Platte City, Mo., 
and rapidly built up a legal practice. In 1852 he 
was elected ciixuit judge over a district of seven 
counties. He was re-elected in 1857 without oppo- 
sition, and served until sent to Congress, in 1861. 
At this time he was elected to the State convention 
to consider the relations of Missouri to the general 
government. In that body he opposed the ordi- 
nance of secession. In 1875 he was elected a mem- 
ber of the convention which framed the present 
constitution of Missouri, and was chairman of the 
committee on representative districts. In 1876 he 
was appointed to the Supreme bench by Gov. Har- 
din to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of 
Judge H. M. Varis. He united with the Baptist 
Church, in Kentucky, when fourteen yeai's of age. 
In 1853 he aided to organize a Baptist church in 
Platte City. He is a trustee of William Jewell 
College, and takes an interest in his denomination 
in the State. He is an upright and talented judge. 
Nott, Rev. Abner Kingman, son of Rev. Han- 



del G. and Lydia C. Nott, was born at Nashua, 
N. H., March 22, 1834, being the fourth son in a 
family of fifteen children. His early preparation 
for college was carried on partly under the tuition 
of Mr. J. H. Hanson, principal of the Waterville, 
Me., Academy, and partly under the instruction of 
his father. While thus engaged in study his con- 
version took place, in January, 1849. His later 
preparation for college was made at the Connecticut 
Literary Institution at Suffield, where he spent a 
little over one year. The question of his future 
vocation was settled when he entered Rochester 
University, in the fall of 1851. He was graduated 
in the class of 1855. Two years were devoted to 
theological study in the seminary at Rochester. 
His life both in college and in the seminary was 
one of constant and unceasing activity, for he was 
lai-gely dependent on his own eiForts to secure the 
funds needed for the payment of his bills. He 
preached, taught, and lectured, and thus acquired 
a remarkable facility as a public speaker. He 
preached the first time for the First Baptist church, 
New York, in the fall of 1856, and Dec. 29, 1856, 
was unanimously called to the pastorate of the 
church as the successor of Rev. Dr. Spencer H. 
Cone. This call he accepted, and a few weeks after 
his graduation, in July, 1857, was ordained. With 
the most brilliant prospects before him, and in the 
midst of a career of usefulness such as few young 
ministers are permitted to see, he was suddenly 




REV. ABNEK KINUMAN NOTT. 

called to his reward while bathing near Perth Am- 
boy, N. J., July 8, 1859. His goodness, intellect- 



NOTT 



859 



NOVA SCOTIA 



ual powers, and eloquence gave him immense pop- 
ularity in New York City, and made his death a 
public calamity. 

Nott, Rev. Richard M., died at Wakefield, 
Mass., Dec. 21, 1880, after several months of suf- 
fering from extreme nervous prostration. He was 
born in Nashua, N. H.,in March, 1831, where his 
father. Rev. Handel G. Nott, was then a prominent 
Congregational minister, settled over the leading 
church in that rapidly-growing place, from which 
situation he retired a few years later upon becoming 
a Baptist, in which character his first settlement 
was over the Federal Street, now Clarendon Street, 
Baptist church, Boston. At the age of eleven 
years Richard was converted, and soon after bap- 
tized by his father. He graduated at Waterville 
College when about nineteen years old. During 
the next five years he taught school in Red Creek, 
N. Y., three years, and Calais, Me., two years. 
Then he entered the theological seminary at Roch- 
ester, where he graduated in 1859, and entered 
immediately upon the pastorate of the First Bap- 
tist church in Rochester, N. Y.. to which he had 
been called several months before his graduation. 
In this important position he continued six years. 
During this time he wrote the exceedingly inter- 
esting memoir of his younger brother, A. Kingman 
Nott, who suddenly closed in death a most brilliant 
earthly career in July, 1859, while pastor of the 
First Baptist church in New York City. At length 
his health failed, and his appreciating people sent 
him abroad for recuperation, but he never regained 
the physical vigor then lost. After his return from 
his foreign tour, having resigned at Rochester, he 
labored three years at Atlanta, Ga., where he was 
successful in gathering what is now the Second 
Baptist church in that city. Next he was pastor 
of the church in Aurora, 111., three years. In 
1872 he was called to the pastoral chai-ge of the 
church in Wakefield, Mass., which he accepted and 
held about two years, when he resigned ; but he 
continued to reside there until his death, supplying 
most of the time since his resignation the church 
in Brookville, formerly South Randolph, where his 
labors were highly valued, and a good work was 
done by him. In the summer of 1880 his health 
so failed that he was obliged to abandon his sup- 
ply at Brookville, and also his valuable work in 
the Sunday-school department of The Watchman, 
the "Lesson Helps," which were very satisfac- 
torily prepared by him. After this he gradu- 
ally declined, till his earthly end was reached at 
the age of nearly fifty years. He was a superior 
scholar and a clear thinker. His early promise was 
uncommon. Few men were his equals in critical 
scholarship and logical acumen. He would have 
graced a position as a professor or president of a 
college or a theological institution. In the Boston 



Ministers' Meeting, which he constantly attended, 
he was justly esteemed as a most serviceable mem- 
ber. Probably there was no place during the last 
five or six years of his life in which he appeared to 
better advantage than there. His utterances were 
real contributions, the great worth of which was 
readily conceded by all his brethren, among whom 
he is greatly missed. 

Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Ed- 
ward Island, and Newfoundland, Historical 
Sketch of the Baptists in. — From the cession of 
Acadia, — Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were 
originally included under this designation, — by 
France to Great Britain, in 1713 till 1776, when 
Henry Alline, the celebrated New Light preacher, 
entered on his fervid, trumpet-toned, evangelistic 
ministry, a dead formalism in religion almost uni- 
versally prevailed in these provinces, with only 
here and there a faint glimmer of evangelical doc- 
trine and spiritual experience. 

But amid this moral desolation three or four 
Baptist ministers appeared almost simultaneously 
in Acadia, — Rev. John Sutton, with a company of 
emigrants from New Jersey, settled at Newport, 
Nova Scotia, in 1760, and there preached and bap- 
tized converts, and Daniel Dimock also. Rev. 
James Sutton, brother of John, was also at New- 
port. Rev. Ebenezer Moulton, of South Brimfield, 
Mass., came with the first settlers to Yarmouth, 
Nova Scotia, in 1761, and preached among them, 
and baptized a Mrs. Burgess, and probably other 
converts ; and his preaching subsequently in Hor- 
ton. Nova Scotia, was attended with great success. 
Rev. Nathan Mason, with a number of Baptists in 
church order, emigrated from South Swanzey, 
Mass., and settled at Sackville, New Brunswick, 
in 1763. No church, however, appears to have 
been formed here by either of them, and in a few 
years they returned to their own country. 

In 1776, Henry Alline came forth from obscurity 
like John the Baptist to prepare the way of the 
Lord ; many were converted under his ministry, 
and churches, composed of Baptists and Pedobap- 
tists, were formed. The time, however, soon came 
for a distinct Baptist movement. 

The pioneer Baptist church of the Maritime 
Provinces was formed of ten members, at Ilorton, 
Nova Scotia, Oct. 29, 1778. Rev. Nicholas Pier- 
son, one of their number, was ordained as their 
pastor Nov. 5, 1778. The Second Baptist church 
in the provinces was formed at Halifax, Nova 
Scotia, in 1795, Rev. John Burton being pastor. 
The Third church was organized at Newport, Nova 
Scotia, in August, 1799; and the Fourth Baptist 
church was organized at Sackville, New Bruns- 
wick, in October, 1799, Rev. Joseph Crandall being 
ordained their pastor. Six others must have been 
formed previous to 1800. 



NOVA SCOTIA 



NOVA SCOTIA 



The Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Baptist As- 
sociation, the first in these provinces, was formed 
at Lower Granville, Nova Scotia, June 23, 1800, 
and comprised ten churches, — Upper Granville, 
Lower Granville, Digby, Digby Neck, Yarmouth, 
Cornwallis, Horton, Newport, Chester, and Sack- 
ville. Mixed communion was allowed for a time 
in some of these churches, but was soon discon- 
tinued. 

The ministers who united in forming this Asso- 
ciation were Thomas Handley Chipman, James 
Manning, Enoch Towner, Harris Hai-ding, Edward 
Manning, Theodore Seth Harding, Joseph Dimock, 
and Joseph Crandall. 

These churches, located thus w idely apart in the 
two provinces, were true Baptist Christian centres, 
whence spiritual knowledge and influence were dif- 
fused through the surrounding communities ; and 
the ministers were true watchmen and evangelists, 
who bore abroad the torch of divine truth and the 
message of the gospel to guide the perishing to 
Christ. 

The Baptist denomination, whose origin in these 
provinces has now been briefly traced, is a large 
and influential body ; and the movements and 
events which will now be mentioned will indicate 
its progress, and also the means of its further ex- 
pansion. 

Organized home missionary efforts were ori- 
ginated at the meeting of the Nova Scotia and New 
Brunswick Association in 1815, and were immedi- 
ately followed by the most encouraging success, and 
home mission work has ever since been carried 
on in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick with great 
spiritual results. 

The Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Associa- 
tion, composed of 31 churches, with 1827 members, 
and 22 ministers, was divided into two in 1821, the 
churches in Nova Scotia forming one Association, 
and those in New Brunswick forming the other. 
As in 1810 the membership of the Association was 
924, the above figures show that it was nearly 
doubled in eleven years. 

In 1825, Rev. Dr. Tupper, from Nova Scotia, and 
Rev. Joseph Crandall, from New Brunswick, evan- 
gelized on Prince Edward Island, and were the first 
associated Baptist ministers to labor in that gem 
of the St. Lawrence, though Rev. A. Crawford, a 
Scotch Baptist, had successfully commenced opera- 
tions there as early as 1811. 

In 1825, 1826, and 1838, Rev. Joseph Dimock 
evangelized for several months in Cape Breton, and 
with the happiest results. Now our home mis- 
sionary enterprise is one of the most interesting 
and important of the denomination, and the field is 
as large as the three provinces and Newfoundland. 

The use of the press for denominational and 
Christian purposes indicates life and progress. 



The Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Baptist 
Magazine was commenced in St. John, New Bruns- 
wick, in 1827, and continued to be the organ of the 
denomination in the provinces till 1836, when the 
Christian Messenger, published weekly at Halifax, 
Nova Scotia, took its place. 

In 1847 the Christian Visitor was issued at St. 
John, New Brunswick, as the organ of the denomi- 
nation in that province. Both these papers con- 
tinue as Baptist organs, and have been very influ- 
ential in promoting denominational interests. 

Education. — The Baptist Association at Horton 
in 1828 adopted measures for establishing an insti- 
tution of learning for our youth, and especially 
with a view to the proper training of young men 
called of God to the gospel ministry ; and as a re- 
sult Horton Academy was opened in May, 1829, 
with more than 40 pupils, under charge of Rev. 
Asahel Chapin as principal. 

In 1833 the New Brunswick Baptist Association 
originated a similar movement ; and as a result the 
Baptist Seminary at Frcdericton was opened in 
January, 1836, with Rev. F. W. Miles as principal. 

In the autumn of 1838 circumstances in Nova 
Scotia impelled the Baptists to make a further ad- 
vance in the work of higher education ; and Acadia 
College sprung from the resolve then taken, and was 
opened in January, 1839, with Rev. E. A. Craw- 
ley and Rev. John Pryor as professors, to which 
Prof. Isaac Chipman was added a year later, and 
continued his valuable services until he was drowned 
in the basin of the Minas, in June, 1852. Notwith- 
standing opposition, difiiculties, and loss, Acadia 
College has grown and attained a leading position 
among the colleges of these provinces. It has now 
an endowment of $84,112.46, with other sources of 
income, and six professors, with Rev. Dr. Sawyer 
as president. Though the college building at 
Wolfville was destroyed by fire in December, 1877, 
a new edifice soon adorned College Hill, flanked on 
the east by Acadia Seminary, a high school for 
young ladies, and by Horton Collegiate Academy 
on the west. The Baptists of New Brunswick and 
Prince Edward Island have an equal share with 
those of Nova Scotia in the ownership and govern- 
ment of these institutions. 

Foreign Missions. — The organized movement to 
send out missionaries to the heathen world com- 
menced, like that for home missions in 1815, at 
Chester in 1838, and in this action the New Bruns- 
wick Baptist Association cordially concurred, and 
Rev. R. E. Burpe, of the latter province, was ac- 
cordingly sent out to Burmah in 1845 by the Bap- 
tists of these provinces, — their first missionary to the 
heathen. The denomination has now four missions 
established among the Teloogoos, with native 
preachers and assistants, under the direction of the 
missionaries. 



NOVA SCOTIA 



NO V ATI AN S 



The New Brunsvpick Baptist Association, com- 
prising 50 churches, with 4806 members, and 29 
ministers, was divided in 1847 into two Associa- 
tions, — the Eastern and Western. The figures in- 
dicate an increase of over ninefold in the member- 
ship of that body in twenty-five years. 

The Nova Scotia Baptist Association, comprising 
72 churches, with 8967 members, and 54 ministers, 
was also divided in 1850 into three Associations, — 
the Western, Central, and Eastern. 

In July, 1868, the Prince Edward Island Baptist 
Association was organized, with 13 churches, con- 
taining a membership of 600, dismissed for the pur- 
pose from the Nova Scotia Eastern Association, 
and the membership of the denomination in that 
island is 1622, or nearly three times what it was 
twelve years ago. 

ZJm'oji.— The leaders of the Baptist denomina- 
tion in these provinces provided for the union of 
all the churches and Associations in denominational 
work, and through their wise forethought the Bap- 
tist Convention of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, 
and Prince Edward Island was organized in the 
city of St. John, New Brunswick, in September, 
1846. This Convention is now the most influential 
of the Baptist organizations in the Maritime Prov- 
inces. To its direction and management are com- 
mitted the great public benevolent enterpi-ises of 
the denomination, — home missions, education, and 
foreign missions, — and the greatest care is exer- 
cised to conduct matters wisely and efficiently, and 
yet not to intrench on great denominational prin- 
ciples. 

Revivals of a genuine type have all along been 
a vast means of growth, and they are still needed to 
promote healthful enlargement. Our churches and 
denomination should aspire wisely and well to re- 
alize the highest ideal of Christian life, activity, and 
progress. 

Newfoundland. — There are a few Baptists on 
this great island, but no Baptist church or minister. 
Revs. J. B. McDonald, M.D., and George Arm- 
strong, spent a few weeks in missionary work there 
in 1875, and Rev. George Armstrong evangelized 
for nine weeks in 1879. 

The following figures show the numerical pro- 
gress of the Baptist denomination in the Maritime 
Provinces for the past eighty years : 



Year. 


Churches. 


Ministers. 


Members. 


1800 


10 
14 

29 
70 
115 

260 
257 
356 


9 
19 

40 

64 

139 
145 
195 


*600 


1810 


924 




1,785 
4,633 
9,041 




1840 






21,579 
27,460 
36,700 


1870 







Novatians, The. — Novatian, the distinguished 
founder of the community that bore his name, is 
known among Greek ecclesiastical wi-iters as No- 
vatus. He was not Novatus of Carthage, a pres- 
byter of that city, who sorely vexed the imperious 
soul of Cyprian, and who came to Rome and united 
with Novatian in efibrts to maintain gospel purity 
in the churches. 

Novatian, before he professed conversion, was a 
philosopher of remarkable ability, culture, elo- 
quence, and powers of persuasion ; he was a nat- 
ural leader of men. When attacked by a danger- 
ous disease, from which death was apprehended, 
in accordance with the opinion then commonly 
held by Christians, it was judged that he should 
be baptized to make heaven certain, and, as his 
weakness rendered immersion impossible without 
risking his immediate death, he was subjected, on 
his couch, to a profuse application of water. We 
are not informed that Novatian desired this cere- 
mony himself, without any persuasions from his 
alarmed friends. The writer was once sent for to 
see a dying lady, and, after praying with her, was 
earnestly pressed by a follower of Irish Romanism, 
the perverted faith of St. Patrick the Baptist, " to 
regine)-ate her ;" he declined to exercise the powers 
of the Spirit of God and the functions of a Pedo- 
baptist minister ; had he yielded, the lady was in a 
condition in which she could not be held responsi- 
ble for the act. And it is not improbable that this 
was the situation of Novatian. He was spared by 
the providence of God for a mighty work in the 
churches, and when restored to health he became 
very active in advancing the interests of Christian- 
ity in Rome. 

At that period the church, in the capital of the 
world, as Eusebius records, had 46 presbyters, 14 
deacons and subdeacons, 50 minor ecclesiastical 
officials, and widows and sick and indigent per- 
sons, numbering in ull 1500, whose support had to 
be provided for. And partly to assist in bearing 
this burden, but chiefly through a lack of faith and 
of complete consecration to God, the door of the 
church was kept very wide for the admission of 
unconverted professors, and when these persons 
betrayed the Saviour by sacrificing to idols in 
times of persecution, their conduct was excused 
by their lax brethren ; and the excommunication, 
necessarily pronounced upon them immediately 
after their apostasy, was speedily removed. 

Cornelius, a Roman presbyter, with an eager eye 
to the support to be gathered from restored apos- 
tates, strongly advocated their forgiveness by the 
church. Novatian very strenuously resisted it; 
and when a successor to Bishop Fabianus was to 
be elected, Cornelius was properly made a prede- 
cessor of a long line of coming popes, who loved 
gold more than anything in the Christian religion. 



N or ATI AN S 



862 



NOVATIANS 



Novatian was condemned by Cornelius and by all 
his episcopal friends ; and the bishop of Rome 
sent letters everywhere, bringing the most grievous 
charges against him, and giving the names and po- 
sitions of the bishops who united with him in his 
eflforts to crush the first great reformer. 

Novatian had been made a presbyter by Fabianus 
against the custom of the church, for, as Corne- 
lius says, in Eusebius,* " It was not lawful that one 
baptized in his sick-bed by aspersion, as he was, 
should be promoted to any order of the clergy. . . . 
If, indeed, it be proper to say that one like him did 
receive baptism." But this only shows his extra- 
ordinary talents and influence. 

After Cornelius became bishop Novatian was 
elevated to the same office by three Italian bishops, 
and at once founded the purer community, for whose 
advancement he labored with great success until 
martyrdom removed him from the presence of 
wicked church members in full ecclesiastical 



Among the charges brought by Cornelius against 
Novatian, a list of which can be found in Eusebius, 
was an accusation of cowardice for refusing to per- 
form the duties of his ministerial office in a time 
of persecution. Novatian set up a new community 
in defiance of Cornelius and of nearly all the Chris- 
tian bishops on earth ; and in this he showed un- 
usual courage. Opposition to the treachery, charged 
upon himself by Cornelius, was the chief instrument 
which he used to establish his pure church, and it 
is not in human nature to believe that any man 
could found a new community in Rome itself by 
denunciations of a cowardly crime of which he 
himself had given a conspicuous example. Besides, 
he left the world as a martyr. 

It was customary in the time of Ambrose, when 
the minister distributed the Lord's Supper to the 
faithful, to say, " The body of Christ," and the re- 
cipient answered, " Amen."t Cornelius, in the 
same calumnious letter in Eusebius, states that 
Novatian, when he gave a portion of the Eucharist 
to a communicant, instead of permitting him to 
say "Amen," according to the usage no doubt 
then in existence, seized his hand in both of his 
hands, before he partook of the symbolic bread, 
z,ci< -^z.i.c him '■' sv/sar by the body and blood of 
our Saviour, Jecr.s Christ, that he would never de- 
sert him, nor turn to Cornelius." This story carries 
its own refutation ; the idea that the founder of 
the purest Christian community then in existence 
should resort to such an infamous procedure is sim- 
ply incredible. Cornelius, in the same connection, 
makes slanderous statements about the extraordi- 
nary ambition of Novatian, which have come down 
to us through the " Ecclesiastical History" of Euse- 



* Eccles. Hist., lib. vi. cap 43. 

f Ambros. De Sacram., lib. iv. cap. 5. 



bins ; and his vanity is frequently given as the mo- 
tive that led to his assumption of the bishop's office, 
and to the reformation inaugui-ated by Novatian. 

The Novatians called themselves Kathari, or 
Puritans. The corner-stone of the denomination 
was purity of church membership. Novatian 
charged Cornelius and his followers with dishonor- 
ing the church of God, and destroying its divine 
character by admitting apostates into its member- 
ship. He maintained that those who had sacri- 
ficed to the idols to save their lives should never be 
permitted to come to the Lord's table again. This 
theory became popular with the saintly heroes and 
heroines, who suffered terribly at the hands of 
Christ's persecuting enemies, but whose lives were 
spared. And all true Christians felt a strong lean- 
ing towards the holy religion advocated and exhib- 
ited by Novatian and his followers. Socrates, J a 
candid and intelligent Greek historian, says, " No- 
vatus (Novatian), a presbyter of the Romish Church, 
separated from it because Cornelius, the bishop, 
received into communion believers who had sacri- 
ficed (to idols) during the persecution which the 
emperor Decius had raised against the church. . . . 
On being afterwards elevated to the episcopacy by 
such prelates as entertained similar sentiments, he 
wrote to all the churches, in.sisting that they should 
not admit to the sacred mysteries those who had 
sacrificed (to idols), but exhorting them to repent- 
ance, leave the pardon of their ofiense to God, who 
has the power to forgive all sin. . . . The exclusion 
of those who, after baptism, had committed any 
deadly sin from the mysteries appeared to some 
a cruel and merciless course ; but others thought 
it just and necessary for the maintenance of disci- 
pline, and the promotion of greater devotedness of 
life. In the midst of the agitation of this important 
question letters arrived from Cornelius the bishop 
promising indulgence to delinquents after baptism. 
. . . Those who had pleasure in sin, encouraged by 
the license thus granted them, took occasion from it 
to revel in every species of criminality." The No- * 
vatians permanently excluded from their commu- 
nity all who were guilty of deadly sins and second 
marriages, as well as those who sacrificed to idols 
to save their lives ; and they regarded the church 
universal as having lost the character of a church 
of Christ by receiving such persons into her mem- 
bership. As a result of this, conviction they bap- 
tized again all who came from the old church to 
them. Their baptism was immersion, the " pour- 
ing around" of Novatian on his sick-bed is the 
only transaction of that kind in their history now 
known ; and as their leader suff'ered so much from 
the unscriptural performance, his followers had 
little encouragement to imitate such an unfortunate 
example. 



% Eccles. Hist., lib. iv. cap. ! 



NOVATIANS 



NUGENT 



The general doctrines of the Novatians were in 
perfect harmony with those received by the church 
universal ; they only differed from it on questions 
of discipline, and chiefly on the great subject of 
consecration to God. 

It is creditable to the piety of the centuries 
during which the Novatians existed that great 
numbers of Christians adopted their sentiments 
and their fold ; though hated, wickedly calumni- 
ated, and fiercely persecuted for a long time, they 
spread, and they found adherents not only in rural 
regions, but in great cities and in the palaces of 
the emperor. Speaking of the law of Constantine 
the Great by which heretics were forbidden to 
meet " in their own houses of prayer, in private 
houses, or in public places, but were compelled to 
enter into communion with the church universal,'' 
Sozomen says, " The Novatians alone, who had ob- 
tained good leaders, and who entertained the same 
opinions respecting the divinity as the Catholic 
Church, formed a large sect from the beginning, and 
were not decreased in point of numbers by this law. 
The emperor, I believe, relaxed the rigor of the 
enactment in their favor. . . . Acesius, who was 
then the bishop of the Novatians in Constantinople, 
was much esteemed by the emperor on account of 
his virtuous life.'"* 

. Novatian himself was a man of fervent piety ; 
and his life after his conversion was above re- 
proach, unless when accusations came from a 
calumniator whose charges were incapable of 
proof. He was the author of works on " The 
Passover," "Circumcision," "The Sabbath," 
"High-Priests," "The. Trinity,'" and on other 
subjects. He had many distinguished men among 
his disciples. His community spread very widely, 
and enjoyed special prosperity in Phrygia ; but de- 
clined rapidly in the fifth century. The Novatians, 
as a people, were an honor to Christianity, and 
their teachings and example exercised a powerful 
.restraint upon the growing corruptions of the old 
church. 

The Novatians commenced their denominational 
life when the baptism of an unconscious babe was 
unknown outside of Africa ; and there it had a lim- 
ited, if not a doubtful, existence. Indeed, if a cel- 
ebrated letter of Cyprian, about a council of bish- 
ops, said to have been held in Carthage half a dozen 
years after Novatian set up his banner of church 
purity, be a forgery, and the supposition is by no 
means an improbable one, unconscious infant bap- 
tism has no proof of its existence in the literature 
of the world. The infant rite, according to the let- 
ter of Cyprian just referred to, had Cyprian for its 
patron, and as he had shown the utmost hostil- 
ity to Novatian, he and his followers would not be 



■■ Eccles. Hist., lib. ii. cap. 32. 



very eager to adopt a ceremony of which his letter, 
if genuine, shows that he was the special friend. 
These considerations, together with the holiness of 
life demanded by Novatian churches, have led 
many persons to regard them as Baptists. Of the 
truth of this opinion in the early history of this 
people there can be no doubt; and that the ma- 
jority of their churches baptized only instructed 
persons to the end of their history is in the highest 
degree probable. 

Nowlin, Rev. David W., was born in Pittsyl- 
vania Co., Va., April 11, 1812, and died in Mont- 
gomery Co., Mo., Oct. 17, 1865. He was educated 
for the bar, and was noted for clear views of the 
law, and for a sound judgment. He taught the 
Bible in his schools where he gave instructions in 
science, because he believed it tcfbe the foundation 
of sound civil law. Hence when he was converted 
he was familiar with Scriptural knowledge. He 
found the Saviour in 1849, under the preaching of 
Rev. William Vardeman, by whom he was baptized, 
in November, 1851, into the fellowship of Zion 
church. In 1856 he was ordained by Revs. Jas. E. 
Welch, W. Vardeman, and the venerable J. T. 
Johnson. Mr. Nowlin's culture, talent, and piety 
made him exceedingly acceptable as a preacher. 
He was frequently moderator of his Association. 
He was honored and loved as a faithful and suc- 
cessful minister of Jesus. 

Nugent, Deacon E. J., was born on the 13th of 
March, 1812, near Philadelphia, Pa. He grew to 
the age of sixteen and a half years without religious 
training. In the year 1831 a lady invited him to ac- 
company her to hear a sermon in the First Baptist 
church of Philadelphia. A stranger, Rev. N. Col- 
ver, preached, and for the first time in his life he 
was awakened to an alarming consciousness of his 
sinfulness, and was so exercised that he could not 
work for several days. He was enabled through 
grace to repent of sin and to embrace Jesus Christ 
by a living faith, and was baptized by the pastor, W. 
T. Brantly, Sr., D.D., with thirty-one others, in the 
river Delaware. He was immediately set to work 
as a teacher in the Sunday-school, where he served 
the church for some years. At this period he was 
led to consider seriously the impropriety of using 
intoxicating liquors as a beverage, and he has been 
an earnest advocate of the cause of temperance 
ever since. He regarded the Lord's day as a sacred 
time for moral and religious improvement, bodily 
rest and recuperation, and under the influence of 
this view he was early led to fixed habits of con- 
stant attendance upon the social and public worship 
of God. In connection with others he conducted 
religious services in the suburbs of the city. In 
March, 1835, he removed to Springfield, 0. Mr. 
Nugent assisted in organizing a Baptist prayer- 
meeting and Sunday-school, and in January, 1837. 



NUGENT 



NUGENT 



a church was formed consisting of thirteen mem- 
bers, of which he was chosen a deacon. The church 
continued public worship, meeting in school-houses 
until permitted to worship in an old court-house, 
where, in the year 1841, a series of meetings was 
commenced, resulting in the first great revival ever 
experienced in the town. Over 100 were converted, 
about 50 of whom joined the Baptist church. The 
• deacon, with a few others, was engaged in con- 
ducting meetings for prayer and exhortation in 
country school-houses, thereby creating an interest 
in the farming community for the Baptist church. 
This custom, under the blessing of God, was the 
secret of the remarkable growth and influence of 
this church. The deacon afterward wrote a history 
of the church. 

About this time he asked a young Presbyterian 
brother whom he had heai-d declare that infant 
baptism was taught in the Scriptures to point out 
to him some of the proof texts, and promised to 
pay him handsomely for his time if he would pro- 
duce them. But the young man never demanded 
the reward. Conversations were continued on the 
subject for several months, resulting in his union 
with the Baptist Church. On the day he was bap- 
tized he preached a sermon on the subject of bap- 
tism, giving reasons for his change of views, and 
was baptized in Buck's Creek by Rev. J. L. Moore, 
and was licensed to preach the gospel by the Bap- 
tist Church. That young man is now the beloved 
and honored superintendent of Baptist Missions 
of the city of Philadelphia, Rev. James French. 
The deacon was either a teacher or superintendent 
of the Sunday-school during his residence in the 
place. When it became possible for the church at 
Springfield to build a house, he was appointed on a 
building committee of two, and they succeeded in 
erecting a very commodious brick church edifice 
and parsonage. Mr. Nugent continued his mem- 
bership there until the church numbered over 300. 

In 1852 he removed to Marysville, 0. There 
being no Baptist church in the town, and only four 
Baptists, he commenced prayer-meetings in private 
houses. 

In the month of March, 1865, he and his family 
removed to Ottawa, Kansas. The next day after 
reaching Ottawa was the Lord's day, and the deacon 
went to the Baptist Sunday-school and into the 
young men's Bible-class. On the following Sab- 
bath he was appointed teacher of the same class. 
At the time he arrived in Ottawa the Baptist church 
had no edifice. The question of building one was 
discussed, and he was appointed on the building 
committee. A house was completed at a cost of 
$3700. In 1872 he was elected to a seat in the 
Kansas Legislature. He was also chosen to several 
offices of trust and honor in his own city. Mr. 
Nugent has led a godly and useful life. 



Nugent, Deacon George, was boi-n in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., May 3, 1809. He received a liberal 
education in Clermont Academy, in the vicinity of 
the city. Many of his fellow-students have risen 




DEACON GEORGE NUGENT. 

to distinguished positions; among these may be 
mentioned the Hon. John Welsh, late minister to 
England. His father was George Nugent, a highly 
respected and influential merchant of Philadelphia. 

At the age of twenty-three he was converted, and 
from careful study of the Scriptures was led to unite 
with the Lower Merion Baptist church, under the 
pastoral care of the Rev. Dr. Horatio Gates Jones, 
by whom he was baptized in 1832. From that time 
he has proved himself a faithful and devoted Chris- 
tian. He has been a deacon for more than forty 
years. While visiting among the poor, and wit-' 
nessing the destitute and sad condition of many 
aged saints, he conceived the idea of a home for 
them. This thought was the primal inception of 
the Baptist Home. Originated by him, it has also 
received largely of his gifts. 

He has been a member of the boards of the 
American Baptist Publication and Historical Soci- 
eties for many years, and has also been long iden- 
tified with the American Sunday-School Union as 
chairman of its Missionary Committee. He has 
taken great interest in the education and moral 
training of the young. Many churches have shared 
in his practical benevolence. He was one of the 
founders of the Second Baptist church, German- 
town, and a large contributor to its funds. Of this 
community he is now a member. 



NUNNALLY 



865 



DATES 



Mr. Nugent is one of the leading citizens of | make him an able and ready debater, and, with his 

Philadelphia, — public-spirited, benevolent, and uni- i zeal and earnestness, give him great influence in 

versally respected. our denominational gatherings. 

Ifunnally, Rev. G. A., was born in Walton Co., Nutter, Rev. David, a useful minister in Nova 

Ga., March 24, 1841. In youth he was very pre- i Scotia and New Brunswick, was ordained at St. 

cocious. At fourteen he entered the University ! John, New Brunswick, June 24, 1819; organized 

of Georgia, and was the youngest graduate that I the Baptist church at Windsor, Nova Scotia; la- 

ever received a diploma at the State University, i bored as a missionary in Canso, Greysborough, 

iBefore his nineteenth year he was elected Profes- | and Antigonish ; organized the Baptist church at 

sor of Mathematics in Hamilton College, and for : Liverpool, Nova Scotia, in 1821 ; was pastor of the 

ten years he was principal of Johnson Female In- ! Baptist church in Portland, St. John ; died Jan. 

stitute. He entered the ministry in 1865, preach- j 15, 1873. 

ing in the same field for eleven years. In 1876 he j Nutting, James Walton, LL.D., was one of 



was elected pastor of the Rome Baptist church, 
which position he still holds. He is a trustee of 
Mercer University, and, though young, one of the 
most influential ministers of Georgia. He is a fine 
orator, and a man of genius. As a preacher he is 
surpassed by few, and as a worker his zeal, energy, 
and capacity make him pre-eminent. In the Ap- 
palachee Association, of which he was formerly a 
member, his influence was unbounded, and he was 
frequently its moderator. 

Mr. Nunnally is a thorough friend of education, 
missions, and the Sunday-school, and he is pos- 
sessed of great administrative ability. His fine 
command of language and brilliancy of intellect 



the first graduates from Windsor College, Nova 
Scotia ; was bred to the bar, and became prothon- 
atory of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. His 
conversion was thorough ; he was baptized at Hal- 
ifax, 1827, and became a member of Granville Street 
church in that city ; was the originator of the sys- 
tem of education among the Baptists of Nova Scotia, 
which took form at the Baptist Association at Hor- 
ton in 1828. He was a warm friend of liorton 
Academy and Acadia College; was co-editor with 
Mr. Ferguson of the Christian Messenger until his 
death, in 1870, aged eighty-three years. Dr. Nut- 
ting possessed great integrity of character, and was 
universally beloved. 



O. 



Gates, Rev. Samuel, charged with Murder 
for Baptizing a Lady, who died soon after, 

was a minister of popular talents, and a disputant 
whom it was better for antagonists to shun. Visit- 
ing Essex, England, in 1646, he preached in several 
places, and baptized large numbers of people. This 
created great indignation among Pedobaptists, and 
especially among the ministers. They endeavored 
to stir up the magistrates to arrest Mr. Gates, but 
they had no charge against him, and they were 
afraid to imprison him. 

Among those baptized by Mr. Gates was a young 
woman, named Anne Martin, who died a few weeks 
after her baptism. This furnished the clergymen 
the charge which they required, and forthwith Mr. 
Gates was sent to jail, accused of murdering Anne 
Martin by administering immersion to her. He 
was actually tried for his life at Chelmsford assizes 
for this dreadful crime. In that day in the writ- 
ings of Pedobaptists immersion was frequently 
denounced as a very dangerous practice ; and some 
branded the Baptists as " a cruel and murdering sect 



for using it." If the trial against Mr. Gates had 
been successful it would not only have sent him to 
the gallows, but it would have been a heavy blow 
at the administration of the Saviour's only baptism. 
Great efforts, Mr. Crosby tells us, were made to 
secure the conviction of Gates : it was asserted 
that he held Miss Martin so long in the water that 
she immediately became sick, and stated on her 
death-bed that the dipping caused her fatal ill- 
ness ; all the falsehoods told about her case, on 
the trial, were completely exposed. Several wit- 
nesses were produced, and among them her own 
mother, whose testimony proved that she had bet- 
ter health for several days after her baptism than 
she had enjoyed for years before. 

Crosby mentions an essay of Sir John Floyer to 
prove the advantages of bathing in cold water, in 
which he gives a catalogue of diseases for which 
it is a remedy. Sir John closes his essay by ob- 
serving " that the Church of England continued 
the use of immersion longer than any Christian 
church in the AVest. For the Eastern Church yet 



OBER 



866 



GIL VIE 



uses it ; and our church (the Episcopal) still recom- 
mends the dipping of infants in her Rubric,, to 
which, I believe, the English Church will at last 
return, when physic has given them a clear proof 
by divers experiments that cold baths are both safe 
and useful. And," he says, " they did great injury 
to their own children, and to all posterity, who first 
introduced the alteration of this truly ancient cere- 
mony of immersion, and were the occasion of a 
degenerate, sickly, and tender race ever since." 
(Crosby's History of the English Baptists, i. 236- 
240. London, 1738.) 

Ober, Levi E., M.D., a native of Vermont, was 
born at Rockingham, Windham Co., July 31, 1819, 
and is the son of Wm. and Fanny (Fairbanks) Ober. 
In 1830 his father's family moved to Claridon, 
Geauga, 0. Here Levi remained on his father's 
farm until eighteen years of age, in the summer 
assisting his fother and daring the winter attend- 
ing school. He continued his literary and scien- 
tific studies, interspersed with manual labor, until 
1845, when he began the study of medicine with 
Bv. Storm Rosa, of Painesville, 0. He took medi- 
cal lectures at the Western Reserve College, Cleve- 
land, and at the Eclectic Medical College, Cincin- 
nati, from which last-named college he received a 
diploma in March, 1850. He subsequently attended 
a course of lectures in the Jefferson Medical Col- 
lege of Philadelphia. Dr. Ober began practice in 
Moline, 111., in 1850. He came to La Crosse, 
Wis., in 1857, where he has since resided. He 
stands at the head of his profession in the State. 
He has a very extensive practice, reaching far be- 
yond the city of his residence. In 1872 he went 
to Europe, traveling extensively in England, Bel- 
gium, Switzerland, and parts of Germany, and 
spending the winter of 1872-73 in Italy. He 
availed himself of every facility for visiting hospi- 
tals, attending lectures, and for making the per- 
sonal acquaintance of the most eminent medical 
men in the old country, that he might extend and 
perfect his medical knowledge. 

He was one of the founders of the Illinois Ho- 
moeopathic Medical Association, and also a founder 
of the Wisconsin Homoeopathic Society, and has 
been president of both organizations. Once he was 
called upon to preside over the National Society. 

But in Wisconsin Dr. Ober is no less widely 
known as an eminent medical practitioner than as 
an earnest and active Christian. He is a member 
of the Baptist church in La Crosse, one of its dea- 
cons, and one of its large-hearted, liberal support- 
ers. In all the i-eligious and benevolent work of 
his denomination in the State he takes a deep in- 
terest. He is a member of the board of the State 
Convention, and is nearly always present at its 
annual meetings. 

Offer, George, was born in London in 1796. 



In early life he became a member of the Baptist 
church at Bow, and subsequently attached himself 
to the congregation at Mare Street, Hackney. Al- 
though actively engaged in business during the 
greater part of his life, and rendering valuable 
public services as a magistrate of London, and as 
member of the metropolitan board of works, he de- 
voted himself with such ardor and persistence to 
the history of two books, — the English Bible and 
the "Pilgrim's Progress," — that he became a chief 
authority with all students and inquirers, with 
book-buyers and booksellers. His collection of 
Bibles and Testaments, and of the works of the 
Puritan divines, especially of John Bunyan, was 
without a rival. Mr. Ofier's library was the resort 
of scholars and divines of all ranks and denomina- 
tions. He edited the works of Bunyan in three 
volumes, and wrote a memoir which is allowed to 
be the most complete biography of that illustrious 
man. He also wrote the "Life of William Tyn- 
dale," published by Bagster. He left in manuscript 
the largest production of his pen, entitled " The 
History of the Great Bible," embracing the history 
of Coverdale's translation, Tyndale's, Cranmer's, 
and the Genevan, each profusely illustrated with 
fac-similes carefully made by himself. His death 
took place at his home in London, Aug. 4, 1864. 

Ogilvie, Rev. John, was born in Stafford Co., 
Va., in the year 1793. He seemed inclined at dif- 
ferent times to prepare himself for the profession 
of the law, and again for that of medicine. He 
taught school for a short time in Culpeper County, 
then at Jeffersonton, and subsequently in Fauquier 
County, having taken charge of the New Baltimore 
Academy. In early life he was quite skeptical in 
his views, but in 1823, having heard a sermon by 
Rev. C. George, his conscience was quickened, he 
saw the fully of his views, and was led to give him- 
self to Christ. One month after his baptism he 
was licensed to preach, and one year after was or- 
dained to the work of the ministry and became 
pastor of the Goose Creek (Pleasant Vale) church. 
With this church he labored most faithfully for 
more than twenty-five years. Teaching school and 
at the same time preaching regularly for three or 
four churches, his labors were necessarily very 
onerous, and his exposure to all kinds of weather 
terribly exhausting. The great majority of the 
Baptist ministers of Virginia twenty-five years ago, 
supplying as they did five or six churches, often 
spent at least one-third of their time on horseback, 
riding to and from their various appointments for 
preaching, and Mr. Ogilvie had his full share of 
these wearying labors. As a preacher, he was en- 
dowed with rare gifts. His mind was strongly 
logical, and he could divest a subject of all its 
ambiguities and present it so plainly to his hearers 
as to make the most abstruse subjects clear to the 



OHIO 



OLD-LANDMARKISM 



humblest capacities. One who knew him well has 
said that he never heard him preach a sermon from 
which a man who had never heard the gospel be- 
fore, and should never hear it again, might not 
learn enough about the plan of salvation by the 
cross of Christ to save his soul. In all the rela- 
tions of life his character was irreproachable. As 
a citizen, a neighbor, and a friend he was esteemed 
by all who knew him, while as a Christian he was 
revered for his unaflFected piety and devotion. He 
died June 2, 1849, in the fifty-sixth year of his age, 
and his memory is fragrant among the people who 
knew him and loved him so well. 

Ohio Baptists. — The first church of any de- 
nomination in Ohio, or the Northwestern Territory, 
as it was originally called, was a Baptist church. 
This was organized at Columbia, then five miles 
above Cincinnati, and now a part of that city, in 
1790. A year and a half previous to this twenty- 
five persons from Pennsylvania and New Jersey had 
come down the Ohio River to this point. Six of 
these wore Baptists. This number had increased to 
nine, when Rev. Stephen Gano, subsequently pastor 
of the First church of Providence, R. I., who was 
then visiting the colony, one Saturday at the house 
of Benjamin Davis, presided over their organiza- 
tion, and the next day baptized three believers. The 
first pastor of the church was Rev. John Smith, 
who afterwards became a member of the Senate 
of the United States. A meeting-house — the first 
Protestant place of worship in Ohio — was built in 
1793. 

From this point Baptists soon began to scatter 
through lower Ohio. After Wayne's victory over 
the Indians, in 1794, it was safer to leave the 
river, and the Miami valley rapidly became settled. 
A Baptist church was formed at Staunton, near 
Troy, in 1804. About the same time the King's 
Creek and Union churches were organized, as were 
also the churches at Middletown and Lebanon. 
In 1808 the Columbia church removed to Duck 
Creek, and has ever since borne the name of the 
Duck Creek church. The Miami Association, con- 
taining originally but four churches, was formed in 
1797, and for several years included all the Baptist 
churches in Ohio. 

The origin of Baptist churches in other parts of 
the State was somewhat later. One of the oldest 
of the churches is that at Marietta. The First 
church, Dayton, 0., was constituted and recognized 
in 1824, though as early as 1806 there are traces 
of Baptists in the place, and for some time there 
had been preaching by traveling ministers. The 
First church in Cleveland was organized in 1833, 
the First church in Columbus three or four years 
earlier, and the First church, Toledo, not until 
1853. The oldest Association after the Miami is 
the Scioto, and the next oldest the Mad River. 



The progress of the denomination in Ohio was 
greatly retarded by what is known as the Camp- 
bellite schism in 1827-30, which divided a number 
of churches and carried away some prominent min- 
isters, notably Rev. D. S. Burnett, of Dayton. In 
the reaction following this movement, Old-School 
or Anti-Mission tendencies were developed, which 
produced divisions and resulted in loss of numbers 
and power. 

In later years, however, there has been great 
progress. The largest contributors to this have 
been the State Convention, established in May, 
1826, Granville College, opened for students De- 
cember, 1831, and the Education Society, oi-ganized 
in 1834. At present the Baptists in Ohio number 
49,950. There are 633 churches and 469 ordained 
ministers. Connected with the churches there are 
645 Sunday-schools, with 6800 officers and teachers, 
and 58,500 scholars. Granville, Licking Co., is the 
literary centre of the denomination, being the seat 
of Denison University, of which Rev. A. Owen, 
D.D., is president, and of a young ladies' institute, 
under the charge of Rev. D. Shepardson, D.D. 
There are other schools in the State also in which 
Baptists have a controlling interest, notably the 
Mount Auburn Young Ladies' Institute, Cincinnati, 
0., and Clermont Academy, in Clermont County. 

Old-Landmarkism. — The following sketch was 
written at the editor's request by one of the ablest 
Baptist ministers in this country. His account of 
the opinions of all landmarkers is entirely reliable : 

The origin of the term old-landmarkism was as 
follows: about the year 1850, Rev. J. R. Graves, 
editor of the Tennessee Baptist, published at Nash- 
ville, Tenn., began to advocate the position that 
Baptists cannot consistently recognize Pedobaptist 
preachers as gospel ministers. For several years 
he found but few to sympathize with this view. 
Among the few was Rev. J. M. Pendleton, then of 
Bowling Green, Ky., who in 1854 was requested 
by Mr. Graves to write an essay on this question, 
" Ought Baptists to recognize Pedobaptist preachers 
as gospel ministers?" The essay was published in 
four consecutive numbers of the aforesaid paper, 
and afterwards in the form of a tract. The title 
given to it by Mr. Graves was " An Old Landmark 
Reset." The title was considered appropriate, be- 
cause there had been a time when ministerial 
recognition and exchange of pulpits between Bap- 
tists and Pedobaptists were unknown. This was 
an old landmark, but in the course of years it had 
fallen. When it was raised again it was called 
" an old landmark reset." Hence the term "old- 
landmarkism," and of late years, by way of abridg- 
ment, "landmarkism." 

That the doctrine of landmarkism is not a 
novelty, as some suppose, is evident, because Wil- 
liam Kiffin, of London, one of the noblest of Eng- 



OLMSTEAi) 



OLNEY 



lish Baptists, advocated it in 1640, and with those 
who agreed with him formed a church, of which 
he was pastor till his death, in 1701, — a very long 
pastorate. These facts are taken from Cramp's 
" Baptist History," and he refers to Iviiney's 
"Life of Kiffin." 

Benedict, in his "Fifty Years among the Bap- 
tists," in referring to the early part of this cen- 
tury, says, " At that time the exchange of pulpits 
between the advocates and the opponents of infant 
baptism was a thing of very rare occurrence, ex- 
cept in a few of the more distinguished churches in 
the Northern States. Indeed, the doctrine of non- 
intercourse, so far as ministerial services were con- 
cerned, almost universally prevailed between Bap- 
tists and Pedobaptists." pp. 94, 95. 

Truly the old landmark once stood, and having 
fallen, it was deemed proper to reset it. 

The doctrine of landraarkism is that baptism 
and church membership precede the preaching of 
the gospel, even as they precede communion at the 
Lord's table. The argument is that Scriptural 
authority to preach emanates, under God, from a 
gospel church : that as " a visible church is a con- 
gregation of baptized believers," etc., it follows 
that no Pedobaptist organization is a church in the 
Scriptural sense of the term, and that therefore 
Scriptural authority to preach cannot proceed from 
such an organization. Hence the non-recognition 
of Pedobaptist ministers, who are not interfered 
with, but simply let alone. 

At the time the "Old Landmark Reset" was 
written the topic of non-ministerial intercourse 
was the chief subject of discussion. Inseparable, 
however, from the landmark view of this matter, 
is adenial that Pedobaptist societies are Scriptural 
churches, that Pedobaptist ordinations are valid, 
and that immersions administered by Pedobaptist 
ministers can be consistently accepted by any Bap- 
tist church. All these things are denied, and the 
intelligent reader will see why. 

Olmstead, John W., D.D., was born in Sara- 
toga Co., N. Y., Nov. 13, 1816. His parents were 
members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
When converted his convictions led him to the 
Baptists, and he was baptized in Schuylerville, 
N. Y., in 1836, by Rev. C. B. Keyes. He pursued 
academic studies in Johnstown, N. Y. The honor- 
ary degree of A.M. was conferred on him by Yale 
College, and afterwards that of D.D. by the Uni- 
versity of Rochester. He was first, in 1837, settled 
over the Baptist church of Little Falls, N. Y., where 
he remained five years. He then became pastor in 
Chelsea, Mass., where he continued five years. In 
1846 he became editor of the Christian Reflector^ 
of Boston. In 1848 the Watchman was united with 
it, and he filled the editorial chair of the consoli- 
dated papers until 1877. His ability as a religious 



journalist was fully demonstrated in his long and 
successful management of that paper. In 1878 he 
commenced the New York Watch-Tower, a popular 
Baptist paper, and he is confident of success. He 
held prominent positions in Roxbury, Mass., in 
educational work, and was on the executive com- 
mittee of the Missionary Union. His life has been 
one of great usefulness and honor. 

Olney, Edward, LL.D., Professor of Mathe- 
matics in the University of Michigan, and author 




EDWARD OLNEY, LL.D, 

of a complete set of mathematical text-books, is 
descended from the Rhode Island Olneys, and was 
born in Moreau, Saratoga Co., N. Y., July 24, 1827. 
During most of his childhood and youth he resided 
in Ohio. His early opportunities for an education 
were very slight, but he made the most of them. 
Beginning to teach at the age of nineteen, he pros- 
ecuted his own studies with great energy and suc- 
cess, and early became eminent as a teacher. From 
1853 to 1863 he was Professor of Mathematics in 
Kalamazoo College, and acquired a reputation as 
teacher in this department almost unequaled. In 
1863 he became professor in the State University, 
and still holds that position ; but his interest in 
Kalamazoo College remains unabated. He is a 
member of its board of trustees, and among its 
most liberal supporters. He has the warmest in- 
terest in Sunday-school work, and is always ready 
to serve the temperance enterprise. From 1875 to 
1879 he was president of the Baptist State Conven- 
tion, and has since been its treasurer. Although 
not an ordained minister, he sometimes conducts 



ONCKEN 



869 



ONCKEN 



religious services. No one would deny that his 
influence is very great, and always on the side of 
justice and religion. He was made A.M. by Mad- 
ison University in 1853, and LL.D. by Kalamazoo 
College in 1874. 
Oncken, Rev. John Gerhard.— No one will 

refuse to this eminent man the designation of 




REV. JOHX GERHARD ONCKEN. 



le of the German Baptists. His life being so 
intimately connected with the rise and progress of 
the Baptist denomination in Germany, the reader 
is referred to the account of them in this work, and 
this article will confine itself to some brief biograph- 
ical data. 

Mr. Oncken was born in Varel, in the grand 
duchy of Oldenburg, Jan. 26, 1800. In his youth 
he came to England, where, by the grace of God, 
he became a true Christian. Manifesting a peculiar 
fitness for evangelistic labors, he was sent to Ger- 
many in 1823 as a missionary of the British Conti- 
nental Society, — a society formed in England for 
the purpose of spreading the gospel on the conti- 
nent. Filled with zeal and fervent love, he went 
back to his native land a joyous herald of the truth 
which he had learned in a foreign clime. He first 
preached the gospel on the coasts of the German 
Ocean, in the cities of Hamburg and Bremen, and 
in the province of East Frisia. His strong religious 
convictions, his clear insight into the Word, united 
with a deep spirituality, a pleasing appearance, and 
considerable oratorical talent, gave him a welcome 
reception among the people everywhere. Many 
were converted, and a powerful religious move- 



ment manifested itself in all that region. Mr. 
Oncken labored as a missionary of the British 
Continental Society till 1828, and then became the 
agent of the Edinburgh Bible Society. 

As a result of faithful Bible study, Mr. Oncken 
gradually reached the conviction that baptism be- 
longs only to believers, and that immersion is the 
only Scriptural mode of baptism. After having 
long waited for an opportunity to receive baptism, 
Mr. Oncken was at length baptized, together with 
six others, by Rev. Barnas Sears, then of Hamil- 
ton Institution, on the 22d of April, 1834, in the 
river Elbe, near Hamburg ; these seven believers 
were the first fruit of thousands yet to follow. On 
the succeeding day these seven were constituted 
a church, the First German Baptist church in 
modevjL times; Mr. Oncken was chosen pastor. 

Mr. Oncken's baptism created a great sensation 
in all circles where he was known, and the perse- 
cutions which he formerly endured now became 
still more violent. The clergy, in harmony with 
the police, were determined to destroy the work in 
its inception, but all their efforts proved unavail- 
ing. Mr. Oncken, full of love and zeal, proved 
himself a man of firm determination and undaunted 
courage; he could not be intimidated nor silenced; 
he paid no heed to the prohibitions of the author- 
ities; he dreaded not the dungeon, and yielded not, 
even when incarcerated. Under God, the continu- 
ance and the prosperity of the work in Germany is 
due largely, first of all, to the endurance, fearless- 
ness, and determination, and, secondly, to the un- 
tiring labors, of this remarkable man. From that 
day until now Mr. Oncken's life has been one of 
apostolic toil and blessed success in spreading the 
gospel through Germany. 

Mr. Oncken has always remained pastor of the 
church in Hamburg, and has made Hamburg the 
centre of his evangelistic labors, being enabled to 
do this through the faithful aid of helpers like 
Koebner and Schaufiler and others, who supplied 
the church in his absence. In addition to his evan- 
gelistic labors in Germany and adjoining countries, 
Mr. Oncken has frequently visited England in the 
interest of the German Baptist cause, and in 1853, 
by invitation of the executive committee of the 
American Baptist Missionary Union, he visited the 
United States, traveling extensively in the North- 
western as well as in the older States. On that 
memorable journey Mr. Oncken's life was wonder- 
fully preserved in a fearful railroad accident at 
Norwalk, Conn. As a result of Mr. Oncken's 
visit the committee voted to aid the mission in 
erecting chapels to the extent of §8000 a year for 
five years. 

Looking over his eventful and useful life, it may 
be said that Mr. Oncken's piety, courage, untiring 
energy, and his strong organizing faculty have been 



O'NEALL 



870 



O'NEALL 



the foundation-stones of his great success. His in- 
fluence over the churches and pastors in Germany 
has been powerful. They have looked upon him 
as a father, have greatly revered him, and highly 
respected his judgment. The weakness of advanced 
age hinders Mr. Oncken engaging any longer in 
his loved employ; but while he still lingers amid 
the scenes of his former conflict, throngs of bless- 
ings cheer his declining days, and when he shall 
be no longer walking among his brethren, the 
memory of his faithful and successful service will 
be embalmed among the Baptists of Germany in 
all succeeding generations. 

O'Neall, Chief-Justice John Belton, was bom 

on the 10th of April, 1793, near Bobo's Mills, in 




CHIEF-JUSTICE JOHN BELTON o'nEALL. 

Newberry District, S. C. He vyas the son of Hugh 
O'Neall and Ann Kelly, his wife, — his ancestors on 
both sides being of ancient Irish families. In his 
youth he had facilities for education that vrere un- 
usual for that period. In February, 1811, he en- 
tered the Junior class of South Carolina College, 
and in December, 1812, graduated with the second 
honor of that institution. He devoted himself to 
the profession of the law, and from the commence- 
ment obtained a large and lucrative practice. In 
1816 he was elected to the House of Representa- 
tives in the Legislature of South Carolina. He 
was again elected in 1822, 1824, and 1826, and 
during the last two terms was the Speaker of the 
House. In December, 1828, he was elected an as- 
sociate judge, and in 1830 a judge of the Court of 
Appeals. On the abolition of that court he was 



transferred to the Court of Law. In 1850 he be- 
came president of the Court of Law Appeals and 
of the Court of Errors. Upon the reorganization 
of a separate Court of Appeals, he was with great 
unanimity appointed chief justice of South Caro- 
lina. It would be superfluous to attempt to de- 
scribe the manner in vrhich these several offices of 
public trust have been filled. His thorough busi- 
ness habits, his untiring industry, his incorruptible 
integrity, his conscientious discharge of the duties 
of every office, together with his great learning, 
enabled him to establish for himself a position 
unequaled by any chief justice in the history of 
this State. 

It might seem that surrounded by su.ch cares he 
would have no time for the performance of other 
public duties. But, on the contrary, we find him 
devoting himself in various other ways to what, he 
deemed the vital interests of the country. His 
attention to agriculture contributed in great part 
to its advancement in South Carolina, but especially 
in his native district of Newberry. To his labors 
and personal influence, too, is the State indebted 
for the successful completion of the Greenville and 
Columbia Railroad. His activity in these respects 
was but an index of his more private labors in 
every way in which the material prosperity of the 
State could be advanced. 

Outside of his ofiicial labors, perhaps Judge 
O'Neall was known in no respect so well as in the 
character of an ardent advocate of total abstinence 
from all intoxicating liquors. To this work he 
devoted himself during the most vigorous yeai-s of 
his manhood, and continued his efforts until the 
time of his death. He became known as the apostle 
of temperance in South Carolina, and occupied the 
highest position among its most distinguished ad- 
vocates in North America. No one man has per- 
formed more voluntary labor in this cause than he. 

It was the privilege, however, of those who 
knew Judge O'Neall in his private life to appreciate 
most highly the true worth of his character. His 
public life displayed the sterner, his private life 
the gentler, traits of true and noble manhood, each 
in equal perfection. God blessed him in the selec- 
tion of a companion whom he spared until the end 
of his life. On the 25th of June, 1818, he was 
married to Helen, eldest daughter of Capt. Samp- 
son and Sarah Strother Pope. All the children of 
this marriage preceded their honored father to the 
grave. He himself died on Sunday, the 27th of 
December, 1863, being seventy years, eight months, 
and seventeen days old. 

The Convention of the Baptist denomination in 
South Carolina suffered a great loss in the death 
of Chief-Justice O'Neall, because he was an ardent 
co-worker with his brethren in the advancement 
of Christ's kingdom. His parents were Friends, 



O'NEALL 



871 



ONTARIO 



or Quakers, but from the time that Brother O'Neall 
made a profession of Christianity he was an earnest 
advocate of the religious views held by the Calvin- 
istic Baptists. A great revival in the town of New- 
berry, in 1831, gave origin to the Baptist church 
of that place, on the records of which, under date 
of Saturday, Jan. 26, 1833, is the following: " Re- 
ceived by experience, John B. O'Neall." In the 
minutes of Saturday, March 22, 1834, is another 
item of importance : " Resolved, that it is expedient 
to appoint three additional deacons of this cliurch, 
who are requested to conduct all prayer-meetings 
from time to time, and to take part in any other 
religious exercises to which they may be prompted 
by the Spirit in aid of the pastor of this church." 
Under the above resolution were appointed John 
B. O'Neall, M. T. Mendenhall, and Drayton Nance. 
In compliance with the above resolution religious 
meetings were conducted by the brethren named 
with great regularity for a considerable time. 
Judge O'Neall's addresses, lectures, and exhorta- 
tions are still remembered by those who used to 
hear them. They were characterized by all the 
vehemence and earnestness which at a later period 
marked similar efforts in the cause of temperance. 
He was at that time very active in the church. 
Afterwards the judge was often absent discharging 
his official duties, but whenever at home he was a 
constant attendant upon the public ministry of the 
gospel, and felt much interest in all that concerned 
the welfare of the church. 

He carried into it the same characteristics which 
distinguished him in other important relations, 
— great zeal, energy, ardor, and devotion. These 
qualities, connected with unusual ability, made him 
the efifective Christian he was. Judge O'Neall 
was remarkable for his humility as a Christian, 
and though occupying prominent positions in the 
State, and receiving at times an homage which 
was well calculated to foster worldly pride, he al- 
ways retained that humility which condescends to 
small things and to men of low estate. His piety, 
as exhibited at home, around the fireside, and in 
private life, displayed this quality most strikingly. 
It was his custom to erect a domestic altar night 
and morning, when, gathering his fiimily, white 
and black, around him, he invoked the blessings 
and pardon of heaven upon them in a most simple 
and touching manner, and if a friend or stranger 
happened under his roof, he invariably prayed for 
him personally. His fervid manner of addressing 
a throne of grace showed his strong faith in a 
special providence. He was remarkable for a 
tender regard for all ai-ound him. If his humblest 
servant was seriously sick, he exhibited a strong 
sympathy for him and made him a subject of prayer 
at the family altar, and followed the remains of a 
servant to the burying-ground, and stood by the 



grave during the funeral service with a reverence, 
humility, and awe which showed how deeply his 
heart was imbued with the spirit of Christ, and 
how surely he felt that God was no respecter of 
persons. He was loved and revered in his own 
district as the friend of the widow and orphan. 
Indeed, this was his character throughout the 
State. Enjoying a reputation for liberality, and 
occupying a position which exposed him to calls of 
this kind, it is not too much to say that he ex- 
pended a small fortune in responding to such ap- 
peals. He was quite as well known for that charity 
which marked the good Samaritan, — that gentle 
and kind sympathy which will observe and even 
hunt out and relieve the wants and distresses of 
others by counsel, advice, and sympathy as well as 
donations of money. 

But Judge O'Neall's most distinguishing trait as 
a Christian was that he was not ashamed of the re- 
ligion of Christ. It was this that made him so emi- 
nently useful. No man, certainly no layman in 
the Baptist denomination, nor in any other, has 
exerted so wide-spread an influence for good. Be- 
fore assembled multitudes, in charging juries, in 
sentencing criminals, or in making temperance 
speeches, he always made it a point to enforce 
directly or indirectly the truths of Christianity. 

At home, in his own church, he was in the habit 
for many years of conducting prayer-meetings and 
delivering addresses when there was no preaching 
in the church. He continued this until he was 
seriously injured by an accident on the railroad, 
after which he discontinued public speaking of all 
kinds. His prayers and lectures on such occasions 
were warm, fervent, and efifective. He would 
usually take a chapter or a portion of one, and 
make a running comment. Often he would select 
a psalm, the fervid eloquence, poetic sentiment, and 
language of which seemed congenial to him, and 
gave him an opportunity, which seemed to delight 
him, of expatiating on the goodness, power, and 
glory of God. 

With all his honors he cherished most his privi- 
leges as a servant of Christ, who, amid the many 
duties of a life of extraordinary activity, has always 
remembered his dependence upon God, and sought 
his aid, and strove to guide others, too, in the way 
oflife. 

It is not surprising that where such piety is 
united with such greatness his brethren should 
have loved and honored him. At the session of the 
Southern Baptist Convention, held in July, 1858, 
he was elected president, an office in which he con- 
tinued until July, 1863, when his failing health for- 
bade his further attendance upon its meetings. 

Ontario and Quebec, Baptists of.— It is difficult 

to trace the history of the introduction of Baptists 
into these provinces, as until a comparatively recent 



ONTARIO 



872 



ORDINA TION 



date no attempt was made to preserve the denomi- 
national records. But as Baptists are always found 
wherever the Word of God is freely circulated and 
devoutly studied, it is to be presumed that there 
were many converts to our principles, in the upper 
province at least, before the arrival of Baptist 
preachers. So far as can be ascertained, the first 
churches were planted by itinerant missionaries 
from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the United 
States. None of these churches has a history ex- 
tending over a much longer period than eighty-five 
years. According to a brief sketch published by 
the late Rev. Dr. Fyfe, in 1859, the first church in 
the eastern section of the country of wliich there is 
any authentic account was formed in Caldwell's 
Manor, by Rev. E. Andrews, of Vermont, in 1794. 
This section is indebted to missionaries sent out by 
a society of which the late venerable Dr. Sharp, of 
Boston, was secretary. In the same year (1794) the 
first church in the western section was formed under 
Elders Hamilton and Turner, at Thurlow, in the 
county of Northumberland ; and about the same 
year Elder Winn commenced to labor in the dis- 
trict of Prince Edward. Through this region there 
once flourished many churches, — in the townships 
of Rawdon, Sidney, Cramahe, Murray, etc, — but 
chiefly through emigration westward some of them 
have become extinct, and others have languished 
for years. 

In 1800 a brother named Finch, from New 
Brunswick, began to preach at Charlotteville, and 
in 1804 a church was formed there, of which several 
neighboring churches ai"e the thriving daughters. 
Soon after this the church in Beamsville was formed, 
under the missionary labors of Elders Covell and 
Warren, from the Shaftsbury Association, Vt. 
This church has also been a fruitful mother. Be- 
yond these outlines it would be scarcely possible 
to trace the influences (they have been so varied) 
which have raised up Baptist churches in different 
parts of the country. The Baptists were the first 
anti-Roman Catholic missionaries to Canada, as 
they were the first missionaries to the heathen, and 
it is to be regretted that the history of their early 
trials and labors is so little known. 

The numerical increase of the denomination will 
be indicated by the following statistics : in 1828 
there were in Ontario (then called Upper Canada) 
45 ministers, 1435 communicants, and 5740 regu- 
lar hearers. The Baptists in Quebec, or Lower 
Canada, at that time were very few, and would not 
have materially altered the above figures. In 1842 
the census gave 19,623 Baptists in the two prov- 
inces ; six years later they numbered 28,503 ; in 
four years more (1852) they numbered 49,846 ; and 
in 1860 the number of ministers was about 190, of 
communicants 13,715, and of adherents 60,000. 
Now (1881 ) there are not fewer than 250 ministers, 



356 churches, a membership of more than 27,000, 
and at least 125,000 adherents. Of these, by far 
the greater number belong to Ontario. The " Cana- 
dian Baptist Year-Book" for 1881 gives the Bap- 
tists of Quebec only 26 English-speaking churches, 
with a total membership of about 2000. If the 
members of the Grande Ligne Mission churches 
(French) are added, the number of communicants 
will not even then exceed 2400. These figures need 
occasion no surprise, when it is remembered that 
the entire Protestant population of that province is 
exceedingly small. The largest churches in the 
two provinces are Jarvis Street, Toronto, with 751 ; 
First Brantford, with 525; and First Montreal, 
with 479 members. Several others have from 200 
to 350 members. There are 14 Associations. 

For Christian enterprise and liberality the Bap- 
tists of Ontario and Quebec will compare favorably 
with their brethren in any part of the world. Their 
Literary Institute, at Woodstock, for which an ade- 
quate endowment is nearly raised, and the new 
Theological Seminary at Toronto, the land and 
buildings of which are the donation of one man, 
stand as monuments of princely giving on the part 
of the rich, and of the munificence of the body 
generally. Home mission work is done under the 
direction of two boards, representing the East and 
the West respectively. The new province of Mani- 
toba receives missionary aid through a separate 
organization. A Foreign Missionary Society is 
also maintained, with which are connected two 
Women's Auxiliary Societies. Besides these the 
aid of the denomination js claimed by a Church 
Edifice Society, a Society for the Relief of Super- 
annuated Ministers, and the Grande Ligne Evan- 
gelical Society. 

Two weekly newspapers, the Canadian Baptist 
and Christian Helper, are published at Toronto; 
and also a monthly, the Canadian Missionary 
Link, devoted to the interests of the Women's 
Foreign Mission Societies. (See also the article 
Baptist Union of Canada.) 

O'Quin, Rev. Ezekiel, a pioneer preacher in 
Rapides Parish, La., was born in North Carolina 
in 1781, and died in 1823. 

O'Quin, Rev. John, son of Ezekiel OQuin, was 
born in South Carolina in 1808, and settled in Rap- 
ides Parish, La., in J815 ; began to preach in 1834, 
and became a pioneer in the St. Landry region. 
While preaching constantly he engaged success- 
fully in planting, and amassed a large fortune. 
Since the war he has engaged actively in politics, 
and has served with ability several terms in the 
Louisiana Legislature. 

Ordination. — When a brother is set apart to the 
work of the gospel ministry, if he is ordained by 
the authority of the church to which his services 
are to be given, his membership is first transferred 



OREGON 



ORIGIN 



to that community. They pass resolutions declar- 
ing their conviction that he should be ordained, 
and they summon a council to meet for that pur- 
pose on a designated day. They appoint brethren 
to represent them in the council. The clerk of the 
church presents the council with its resolutions, a 
list of the churches invited, and the names of the 
representatives of the church. When the council 
is organized, and opened with devotional exercises, 
the candidate gives an account of his conversion, 
call to the ministry, and views of doctrine and 
church order. After a searching examination from 
the ministers and laymen of the council, he is re- 
quested to retire, when his conversion, divine call, 
character, orthodoxy, and talents are carefully scru- 
tinized. If he is approved by the council a resolu- 
tion to that effect is passed, and another that the 
council proceed to his ordination. The candidate 
is then brought before the council, and the moder- 
ator announces to him its decision. A committee 
is then appointed to arrange for the ordination ser- 
vices ; this committee always includes the candi- 
date. The moderator of the council presides at the 
ordination. Its services include a sermon, the im- 
position of hands on the head of the kneeling can- 
didate by all the ministers in the pulpit, the hand 
of fellowship as a herald of the gospel, a charge to 
the candidate and to the church. If the minister 
is not yet a member of the church of which he is to 
become pastor, the church to which he belongs calls 
the council, and he is ordained by its request and 
under its authority. 

Oregon, a rich agricultural and mining State, 
with m&uj prosperous cities. It has four univer- 
sities and colleges, and a splendid common school 
system. On May 25, 1844, '• The "West Union Bap- 
tist church'' was formed on the Tualatin Plains, 
with eight members. It was the first Baptist church 
at that date in the United States west of the Rocky 
Mountains. They met regularly for years to study 
the Bible and hear a sermon read by one of their 
number. In February, 1845, Rev. \. Snelling 
preached the first sermon to the little flock, joined 
them, with his wife, and David T. Lenox was or- 
dained a deacon. In May, 1845, they celebrated 
the Lord's Supper for the first time. Other minis- 
ters began to arrive, new churches were organized, 
until now Oregon has nearly eighty churches, five 
Associations, a monthly paper, The Beacon, one 
college, at McMinnville, its State Convention, Mis- 
sion, Education, and Sunday-school Conventions 
and Boards, a Woman's Missionary Society, and 
about 3000 Baptist members. There is also a flour- 
ishing mission for the Chinese in Oregon, located 
at Portland ; the soul of this mission is a converted 
and ordained Chinaman, Rev. Dong Gong, who be- 
came a Christian and a Baptist almost at the peril 
of his life. 
56 



Origin of Infant Baptism, The. — Infant 

baptism came into life in Africa, the country of 
slavery, cruelty, and ignorance. In the Roman 
colony stretching along the coast of the Mediter- 
ranean Sea, where the warlike and ferocious Car- 
thaginians built up their commerce and sovereignty, 
this superstitious rite was born. Never in humnn 
history is it heard of until African writers mention 
it. TertuUian, at the very close of the second cen- 
tury, discountenances the baptism of children, — 
not unconscious infants. Speaking of them he 
says, " They know how to ask for salvation (bap- 
tism) that you may seem to have given it to one 
seeking it." (Norint petere salutem, ut petenti 
dedisse videaris. De Baptismo, cap. 18. Lipsias. 
1839.) These candidates for baptism could ask for 
it, and consequently were not unconscious babes, 
and he opposes its administration to them on ac- 
count of their early years. There is no hint given 
that it was customarj^ to baptize intelligent children 
of several years of age. Tertullian's little book 
was written against the Quintillianists, who suf- 
fered women to preach and baptize, and who were 
regarded as heretics. His work affords no hint of 
the existence of the baptism of unconscious babes. 
The first case of that sort, if real, in the literature 
of Christianity, is to be found in a letter of Cyp- 
rian, bishop of Carthage, written about a.d. 256. 
giving an account of the proceedings of a council 
of sixty-six bishops held at that time in Carthage. 
Fidus, a country bishop, wanted to know if an in- 
fant might be baptized before it was eight days 
old. There is not a Sunday-school teacher in a 
Pedobaptist school in Christendom who could not 
answer that question in a moment, but Fidus, a 
bishop, could not decide what to do, and Cyprian, 
a man of superlative presumption, feels compelled 
to seek the wisdom of sixty-six bishops to guide 
Fidus. If the letter of Cyprian is genuine, this is 
the first distinct evidence of the existence of infant 
baptism among the Saviour's followers; no other 
intimation of its occurrence iii the third century is 
given, but few instances of it can be found in the 
fourth, and the baptism of catechized persons was 
common for ages after : but we doubt the genuine- 
ness of this letter. 

Beyond all question infant baptism began in 
Africa, and Augustine of Hippo was the man who 
lent it the force which gave it victory. Africa 
had been cursed for ages with liuman sacrifices to 
Saturn, — little children were placed in the arms of 
a metal image intensely heated, with a blazing fire 
underneath its outstretched arms. Many persons 
who became nominal Christians practised this an- 
cient and horrid abomination : backsliders from 
Christianity followed this hideous rite of the Phoe- 
nician colonists of North Africa. Robinson has a 
theory about the origin of the infant ceremony 



ORIGINAL 



ORIGINAL 



"which may contain some truth. His idea is that it 
•was probably used to place God's mark upon the 
infants, and thereby to protect them from the bloody 
arms of infamous Saturn, to whose frightful em- 
brace their superstitious parents would consign 
them. After mentioning various matters connected 
with his theory, he says, " Collecting into one point 
of view all the forementioned facts, the eye fixes on 
Fidus, the honest and humane bishop of a company 
of Christians in a country place of Africa, where 
some of his neighbors bought, stole, captured, and 
burnt children ; where some of liis flock returned 
to paganism •, others intermarried with pagan fam- 
ilies and went with them into the old practices of 
sacrificing children to the gods ; himself filled with 
Jewish ideas of dedicating children to the true 
God, and marking them by circumcision ; and send- 
ing for advice to Cyprian, exactly such another 
confused genius as himself, is it a very improbable 
conjecture that Fidus bethought himself of bap- 
tizing new-born infants as an expedient to save 
the lives of the lambs of his flock? ... To prevail 
with such savages to dedicate their infants to God ; 
to take possession of them by the soft method of 
dipping them in water ; to procure some persons 
of more influence than the parents to become spon- 
sors for the babes (adults required sponsors in or- 
der to be baptized soon after the apostolic age, to 
instruct them, and probably to protect persecuted 
Christians from baptizing spies) ; this resembles 
the great Alfred's uniting Britons into tens, and 
forcing every nine to pledge themselves that the 
tenth should enjoy his liberty and his life." (His- 
tory of Baptism, 248-9. Nashville.) Whether 
Cyprian's letter is genuine or a forgery, and 
whether or not such a man as Fidus ever lived, it 
is extremely probable that Mr. Robinson's conjec- 
ture had some truth in it. The writer, however, is 
of the opinion that the grand forces which gave 
success to infant baptism after the application of 
the rite to them was conceived, were the pernicious 
falsehoods that Adam's guilt would keep every un- 
baptized infant out of heaven, and that his iniquity 
was washed from the soul of the infant by bap- 
tism. So soon as these fables were received, men, 
and surely women, were inclined to favor the dip- 
ping of new-born babes. 

Original Sin. — Adam and Eve were created in 
perfect innocence. They could not be invested with 
infallibility, for that attribute belongs to God alone, 
and Jehovah could not create a deity : but they were 
summoned into life without a tendency to sin, and 
they were as holy as the angels of God. 

The human race was created in Adam and Eve, 
just as millions of oaks were created in the first 
tree of that kind. Physical defects or material beau- 
ties have Ijeen transmitted down from the first two 
parents of our race ; they could come from no other 



source. When Adam sinned he forfeited his title 
to the tree of life in Eden, and as a consequence its 
leaves and fruit no longer healed his wounds, acted 
as an antidote against his diseases, and arrested the 
decay that ever since has wasted declining years. 
He lost Eden with the tree of life at the fall, and 
so did his posterity in him. The head of the family 
recklessly squandered his rich inheritance, and as 
a matter of course those who were born to him 
afterwards never enjoyed any part of it. The same 
thing was true of the divine favor which he forfeited 
in Eden ; it was lost to him for the time being by 
the use of the forbidden fruit, and it was never 
restored unless he repented, and through divinely- 
appointed sacrifices turned to the Lord his God. 

He left Eden with a heart vitiated by sin, and 
his children subsequently born came into the world 
with his spiritual defects and temporal disadvan- 
tages. He once bore the image of God, but sin de- 
stroyed it, and all his descendants have been marked 
by a guilty likeness to him. 

Original sin vitiates the moral tastes of each man; 
it leads him to prefer the world, fleshly gratifica- 
tions, and even the snares of the tempter, to the 
service of God. And as there is not in human na- 
ture a counteracting agency to subdue guilty tastes 
and restore the transgressor to Jehovah, he must 
continually sink deeper into sin unless sovereign 
grace restores him. 

Original sin leads directly and surely to total 
depravity. We prefer total perversion as a better 
description of this sad state. Good and gentle and 
moral persons who have not been born again are 
totally perverted from God. If the heart is for 
Christ, the whole being is on his side ; if the heart 
is against him, the whole man is his enemy. When 
Anne Boleyn had the heart of Henry VIII., he 
slighted Queen Catharine, hurled aside the author- 
ity of the pope and the claims of his religion, in 
the defense of which he had written a book, defied 
all Europe in his determination to marry her, and 
befriended the Bible, which he had burned, and the 
Protestants, whom he had slandered and persecuted, 
because of his regard for her. But when his heai't 
turned to a rival of Anne, then he was wholly alien- 
ated from her. This is the exact situation of each 
unsaved man : his heart and life are wholly per- 
verted from God. What was true of ancient Israel 
may be justly applied to all unconverted persons, 
" Ye will revolt more and more : the whole head is 
sick, and the whole heart faint. From the sole of 
the foot even unto the head there is no soundness 
in it; but wounds, and bruises, and putrefying 
sores." — Isa. i. 5, 6. 

Original sin has extended over the whole race. 
Dreadful and undeniable facts prove this statement, 
and inspiration asserts it. Paul says, " We have 
before proved both Jews and Gentiles, that they 



OSAGE 



OSGOOD 



are all under siu ; as it is written, 'There is none 
righteous, no, not one: there is none that under- 
standeth, there is none that seeketh after God. 
They are all gone out of the way, they are to- 
gether become unyjrofitable ; there is none that 
dceth good, no, not one.'" — Rom. iii. 10-12. 
When he speaks of Jews and Gentiles he intends 
to describe all men. The race in unbelief is in a 
state of total perversion from God. 

Original sin paralyzes the moral powers of the 
soul, and forbids any man, unaided by divine 
grace, to go to Jesus. A young French ecclesi- 
ixtstio, years ago, was supposed to have died, and 
was in his coffin when the mass for the dead was 
being read. He heard every word of it, knew his 
situation exactly, but could not move a finger, nor 
an eyelid, nor utter a word. Something led to an 
inspection of the face, when a slight flush was dis- 
covered, and the heart was found to be beating. 
The man was restored to his family, and by proper 
remedies speedily became well. But without help 
he would have been buried. So the entire impeni- 
tent are dead in sin. "You hath he quickened 
who were dead in trespasses and sins." — Eph. ii. 1. 
And under the influence of this moral death of 
themselves they will never go to Jesus. "No 
man," says Jesus, "can come to me except the 
Father who hath sent me draw him." Original sin 
has the first hold of a human heart, and it will never 
let it go till the all-powerful hand of grace destroys 
its dominion. 

Original sin has doomed the race except where 
the Spirit of Christ has given anew heart and saving 
faith. " By the oS'ense of one judgment came upon 
all men to condemnation." — Rom. v. 18. " lie that 
believeth not is condemned already." — John iii. 18. 
This is the condition before God of all who have 
kept away from Jesus over the whole earth : they 
are in a state of total perversion from God. 

Osage, Iowa, the county town of Mitchell 
County, is widely known and honored for its ad- 
herence to temperance principles and the high 
moral tone of its people. The Baptist church was 
organized in 1862. It has grown into an efficient 
body of 170 members. The Cedar Valley Semi- 
nary, one of the Baptist schools of Iowa, under the 
care of the Cedar Valley Baptist Association, is 
located at Osage. 

Osborn, Rev. John W., of Scio, Linn Co., Ore- 
gon, was born Oct. 18, 1838. His father was a labo- 
rious and successful preacher. He was in his youth 
wild, worldly, and loved to ridicule religion ; but 
in 1859, during one of his father's meetings, he was 
converted, and two months later, while studying at 
Pella University, was baptized by Rev. Elihu Gunn, 
and joined the Pella church. He was ordained at 
Concord, Iowa, in March, 1864, preached in many 
places for two years in Iowa, Nebraska, and Colo- 



rado, and in 1866 removed to Oregon, and preached 
in Polk County until 1873, when he removed to 
the Forks of Santiam. In 1878, on account of 
sickness he removed to Eastern Oregon, and spent 
some time in Washington Territory, doing mission- 
ary work at Dayton, Grande Ronde, the Cove, In- 
dian Creek, and other places. Returning in Feb- 
ruary, 1880, he settled at Scio, and is pastor of the 
Providence and Union churches, where he has had 
his greatest successes. Brother Osborn has always 
preached without a stated salary ; he has done a vast 
amount of mission work in Central Oregon for 
the Yamhill, McMinnville, Union, Dallas, Lacrole, 
Providence, Antioch, Oak Creek, Pilgrim's Home, 
Pleasant Valley, Shiloh, Scio, and other churches ; 
organized many new churches ; helped to organize 
the General Baptist Association of Oregon, in 1868 ; 
has been active on missionary boards, and is one 
of the most earnest, self-denying, and influential 
Baptist preachers in the Central Association of 
Oregon. 

Osborn, Rev. John Wesley, Sr,, was bom of 
Methodist parents, Aug. 19, 1802. His parents 
afterwards became Baptists, and the father a Bap- 
tist minister. The son was converted and baptized 
in 1821, in St. Clair Co., 111. ; licensed in 1826, or- 
dained in 1830. He traveled extensively in Cen- 
tral and Northern Illinois, Southern Wisconsin, 
and Iowa, with little or no salary ; organized many 
permanent churches, and baptized over 3000 con- 
verts. He preferred to go where there was no 
preaching, and build up churches from his own 
labors. He was often bitterly opposed : sometimes 
his life was threatened ; some of his enemies were 
converted, and became powerful helpers of the truth. 
In 1866 he removed to Oregon ; served the Union, 
Lacrole, Antioch, Dallas, North Palestine, Provi- 
dence, and Scio churches. He was doctrinal in 
preaching, using only brief notes, and swayed his 
audiences with the eloquence of truth. Died Oct. 
16, 1875, and left his youngest son in the work of 
the ministry ; one of Oregon's successful Baptist 
preachers. 

Osborn, Lucien M., LL.D., was born in Ash- 
tabula, 0., in 1823 ; graduated at Madison Univer- 
sity in 1847 ; principal of the grammar-school of 
Madison University, 1851-56 ; Professor of Mathe- 
matics and Natural Philosophy in the univer- 
sity, 1856-68. Since 1868, Professor of Natural 
Sciences ; degree of LL.D. conferred by Denison 
University in 1872; associated for some time with 
the president of Madison University "to take 
charge of the internal discipline of the university, 
which delicate and difficult task was performed 
with high credit." Dr. Osborn has a high stand- 
ing in the Baptist denomination, and he is among 
the purest and most useful men in it. 

Osgood, S. M., D.B., died at Chicago, July 9, 



<) TTA WA 



S70 



OWEN 



1875. He was l)orn at Henderson, Jefiferson Co., 
N. Y., March 2, 1807, being the son of Rev. Emory 
Osgood. At the age of nine years he became 
a Christian, and was baptized by his father. He 
entered active life as a printer, in Watertown, 
N. Y., and in this place, with the exception of brief 
intervals, lived some ten years, at the end of that 
time becoming connected with the office of the 
Baptist Register, in Utica, N. Y., uniting with the 
Broad Street Baptist church in that city. After 
one year in Utica he removed to Cortland, K. Y., 
and, in company with Mr. Rufus A. Reed, took 
charge of the Cortland Chronicle. Returning to 
Watertown in 1831, he had for his pastor there 
Rev. Jacob Knapp, and was made a deacon in the 
church. In 1834 he was appointed missionary 
printer at Maulmain, Burmah, and on July 3 of 
that year sailed from Boston in -the ship " Cash- 
mere." His associates on the voyage were Jonathan 
Wade, Grover S. Comstock, William Dean, and 
Miss Ann Gardner. There were, besides, three 
missionaries of the American board. 

Mr. Osgood remained at Maulmain until 1846, 
rendering most valuable service. One of his re- 
ports, covering a period of two years, " showed 
that in that time the seven iron hand-presses of the 
mission had turned out nearly seven hundred thou- 
sand copies of different publications, including al- 
most nine million pages of the Scriptures in the 
New Testament and different books of the Old." 
Returning to this country in 1846, Mr. Osgood was 
appointed an agent of the Missionary Union for 
Western New York ; after seven years his field was 
changed to that of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
Delaware, and the District of Columbia, his resi- 
dence being at Philadelphia. In 1860 he was ap- 
pointed district secretary for the AYest, with his 
residence at Chicago. This was his work until his 
death, — a period of fifteen most laborious and useful 
years. He was a man greatly beloved in all rela- 
tions, a devout Christian, a judicious adviser, en- 
ergetic, indefatigable in service, with a singular 
faculty for engaging the confidence and interest of 
all whom he approached. 

Ottawa University was originated in 1860, 
under the name of the Roger Williams University. 
During the meeting of the Kansas Baptist State 
Convention, held in Atcheson in 1860, the location 
of the institution was discussed. Several places 
desired to secure it. Rev. John T. Jones, a dele- 
gate from the First Baptist church of Ottawa (In- 
dian), informed the Convention that his people for 
some time had felt the need of a school of high 
grade, and, as they were all Baptists, they would 
unite with their white brethren in their educational 
efforts. In December, 1860, the trustees of the 
projected university visited the Ottawa nation, and 
after a full conference with these Indian Baptists 



they agreed to give 20,000 acres of their land, then 
worth something over $20,000, to aid in the new 
educational enterprise. This proposed- contract be- 
came a law in 1862. In 1865 the name of Roger 
Williams was dropped, and the institution incorpo- 
rated under the name of the Ottawa University. 
The change took place in compliance with the ex- 
pi-ess wish of the Ottawas, who desired to perpetu- 
ate their name. Owing to the disturbed state of 
the country the institution was greatly impeded in 
its progress until 1865. The college edifice was 
completed in 1869, at a cost of S40,000. 

It is located near the thriving city of Ottawa, Kan- 
sas, some fifty-five miles southwest of Kansas City. 
It has an endowment of 640 acres of choice land, 
on a part of which the university stands. The 
buildings are large and substantial stone struc- 
tures. There were ninety-three students in attend- 
ance last year, to whom Dr. P. J. Williams, the 
president, and his able assistants gave thorough 
instruction. The institution needs an endowment 
that would enable it to increase the faculty and to 
meet all current expenses without annual appeals 
to the churches and its friends. Dr. Williams is 
unusually well qualified, by talents, acquirements, 
facility for imparting instruction, and executive 
ability, for the position he occupies. The vigorous 
and expanding Baptist denomination of Kansas is 
in great need of the university. The friends of 
truth could not make a better investment than to 
place a generous endowment at the service of Ot- 
tawa University. 

Ottumwa, Iowa (pop. 9018), county-seat of 
Wapello County, has two Baptist churches. The 
First was constituted in 1855, and has a present 
membership of 139. The Second was constituted 
in 1869, and is still a small company. There is 
also a colored Baptist church of twenty-one mem- 
bers. 

Overby, Rev.R, R., was born in Dinwiddle Co., 
Va., Oct. 12, 1827 : was a licensed preacher in the 
Methodist Church ; he was baptized in Petersburg, 
Va., in July, 1850; spent two years at Richmond 
College, and served as pastor of two colored 
churches in Petersburg Avhile at college ; served 
as agent of Murfreesborough Female Institute in 
1858 ; settled as pastor in Elizabeth City in 1859, 
and, with the exception of a year spent as agent of 
Wake Forest College, has lived and labored for 
twenty-one years in the section where he now re- 
sides. A man of power with the people, and pos- 
sessing many noble qualities. 

Owen, Alfred, D.D., was bom in Chiva, Me., 
July 20, 1829, where he spent his boyhood and re- 
ceived his academical education ; graduated from 
Waterville College after a four years' course of 
study, in 1853 ; taught an academy two years at 
Bridgeton, Me., and in 1855 entered Newton Thee- 



OWEN 



OWENS 



logical Seminary ; supplied the High Street church, 
of Lynn, Mass., during a large part of his semi- 
nary course, and became pastor of this church on 
his graduation, in 1858. In 1867 he left Lynn and 




became pastor of the Lafayette Avenue church, 
Detroit, Mich., where he remained until July, 1877. 
The following two years he was pastor of the Uni- 
versity Place church, Chicago, 111. In 1879 he was 
elected president of Denison University, 0., which 
position he still holds. 

Dr. Owen has written much for the papers, and 
has given courses of lectures in Ministers' Insti- 
tutes, as well as before the students of Chicago and 
Newton Theological Seminaries. He has had large 
experience in educational work, is a scholarly 
writer and preacher, and gives great satisfaction 
as a college president. KaLamazoo College con- 



ferred the honorary degree of D.D. upon him in 
1871. 

Owen, Rev. Ezra D., was born near Norristown, 
Pa., in 1809. His parents came to Scipio, N. Y., 
in 1810. He was converted and joined the Baptist 
church of Venice in 1826. He studied in the 
common schools and under Dr. Smith, and was or- 
dained at Branchport in 1830. He was pastor at 
Branchport five years. In 1835 he and his wife 
came by carriage to Springfield, 0., where he served 
as pastor one year. He came next to Cincinnati, 
and soon had an appointment from the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society to go to Richmond, 
Ind. He labored there two years, and was called 
to the pastorate of the church at Madison. He 
served this church as pastor ten or twelve years, in 
the mean time undertaking the issuing of an Indi- 
ana Baptist newspaper, — the American Messenger. 
After publishing it at Madison for about three 
years, he removed it to Indianapolis in the fall of 
1846. During the time of his editorship at Indian- 
apolis he was also under appointment by the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society, and 
founded the Baptist chui-ch at Evansville. The 
American Messenger was sold to the Cross and 
Journal, of Ohio, and thenceforth the name was 
the Journal and Messenger. He then was called by 
the Lafayette church, which he served three years, 
after which he was invited back to Madison, which 
he served till his death, Sept. 26, 1852. 

Owens, Deacon Benjamin W., was born in 

South Carolina in 1818, lived in Alabama and Ar- 
kansas, where he was baptized in 1835, and settled 
at Stockton, Cal., in 1850. He helped to organize 
the first Baptist church in that city, bought a 
house for its worship, helped to build another, 
and paid several thousand dollars for erecting an- 
other. In 1868 he settled in San Francisco, and 
was a deacon of the Tabernacle and Columbia 
Square churches many years. He is a generous 
layman, active on mission arid educational boards, 
and never more happy than when engaged with 
others in revivals. 



PAGE 



878 



PAINE 



P. 



Page, Rev. J. — Few ministers in Florida have 
been more useful than Rev. -James Page, pastor of 
the Baptist (colored) church at Tallahassee. For 
about forty years he has labored in the city and 
vicinity, and vrhether as a slave or freedman, has 
commanded the respect and confidence of all classes. 
Nor is his influence confined to his immediate sec- 
tion, it is felt for good among the colored Baptists 
nearly all over the State. He visited Thomasville, 
Ga., iti 1860, and, by invitation, preached accept- 
ably to the white congregation. Mr. Page is a 
man of good sense and observation ; he is an earn- 
est student of the Bible, and he has long been 
an acceptable preacher of the gospel. He is a man 
of large frame, robust constitution, and though 
now quite an old man, is the unaided pastor of a 
church numbering some 1200 members. 

He has been for several years the clerk of the 
Bethlehem Association, a vei-y large body, and the 
first organized by the colored Baptists of the State. 
He is a progressive man, the friend of education, 
and has earnestly favored the effort to build up a 
school for the special benefit of the ministry of his 
race. 

Page, Lady Mary, the wife of Sir Gregory 
Page, was brought to the Sfiviour in early life. 
She examined the baptismal question, and the 
grounds for dissenting from the Episcopal Church, 
for five years, and, having decided that she could 
not make any improvement upon the Saviour's ex- 
ample, she was immersed by Mr. Maisters, in the 
presence of more than two hundred spectators. 
Further reading, especially during a protracted 
sickness, but confirmed her in her religious prin- 
ciples and in her attachment to her church home. 
Says one who knew her, " Her constant regard for 
the church, her tender concern for pastor and 
people, her uncommon benefaction upon their re- 
moval hither, deserve a particular acknowledgment, 
as does also her further bounty given in her last 
will for the relief of the poor members. She dis- 
tributed vast sums of money in so silent away that 
' her left hand knew not what her right hand did.' " 
She endured severe afflictions with heaven-given 
patience. She enjoyed a clear hope through the 
blood of the Lamb, and without a struggle she fell 
asleep in .Jesus, March 4, 1728. She was buried in 
Bunhill-fields, in London, in which city she died. 
She was a great ornament to her holy profession ; 
she lived in the hearts of the members of her church, 



and in a multitude of other hearts. Mr. Richard- 
son, her pastor, preached a funeral sermon for her. 
Mr. Harrison, a neighboring Baptist minister, 
preached another funeral sermon to commemorate 
God's grace in her holy life and death. And he 
delivered a funeral oration when she was interred; 
he also composed an ode in honor of the deceased, 
in which he says, — 

" At length the lieroiiie's clowned. Her numerous foes, 
With whom she long conflicted, are subdued ; 
Under her feet they're laid, while she, in strains 
Angelic, sings the praises of tlie Lord." 

Page, Stephen. B., D.D., was born in Fayette, 
Me., Oct. 16, 1808 ; spent his early life in the family 
of Rev. Justin Edwards, D.D. ; was converted at the 
age of eighteen, and united with the Baptist church 
at Hartford, Conn., being the first person baptized 
by Barnas Sears, D.D., then just ordained; pur- 
sued his preparatory studies at Hamilton, N. Y., 
and graduated at Waterville, Me., in 1835. After 
spending one year in teaching, entered Newton 
Theological Seminary, which he left in 1839. In 
September, 1839, became pastor at Masillon, 0., 
and in 1844 at Wooster, 0., where he remained 
six years. In 1850 took charge of the Norwalk, 
0., Baptist church, and in 1854 of the Third 
church, in Cleveland, where he continued with 
much success until 1861, when he assumed the 
pastoral care of the Second (now Euclid Avenue) 
church of Cleveland. This church at the time of 
his settlement was heavily in debt and apparently 
near extinction, but under his well-directed labors 
grew largely in numbers and strength. In 18G6 
he resigned this pastorate, and engaged in a suc- 
cessful eff"ort to complete an endowment of $100,000 
for Denison University. Shortly after this he was 
appointed by the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society district secretary for Ohio and West Vir- 
ginia, this latter State being subsequently, how- 
ever, given to another, and Indiana and Michigan 
added to his field. In this work he continued nearly 
twelve years, during which time he collected over 
.^lOO.OOO fur home mission work. 

Feb. 1, 1880, Dr. Page resigned his secretaryship. 
He continues to reside in Cleveland, being with one 
exception the oldest resident minister in the city. 

Paine, Rev. John, was born in Pomfret, Conn., 
in 1793; baptized in 1813, by Rev. Amos Wells ; 
united with the Baptist church in Hampton, Conn. ; 
ordained and settled pastor of the same church in 



PAINTER 



879 



PALMER 



1819, and remained eight years; in 1827 removed 
to Auburn, Mass., then to Ward, Mass., where he 
labored ten years ; subsequent pastorates were in 
Bozrah, Conn., four years ; in South Woodstock, 
eleven years ; in Packersville, Conn., five years ; 
always a close student, clear thinker, instructive 
preacher, judicious pastor ; removed to Preston, 
Conn., in 1863, where he died April 29, 1864, aged 
seventy-one years. His daughter Mary married 
Rev. 0. W. Gates, now of California. 

Painter, Mr., and the Persecuting Laws of 
Massachusetts. — In 1644 the General Court of 
Massachusetts decided " That if any person or 
persons within this jurisdiction shall either openly 
condemn or oppose the baptizing of infants, or go 
about secretly to seduce others from the approbation 
or use thereof, or shall purposely depart the congre- 
gation at the ministration of the ordinance, or shall 
deny the ordinance of magistracy, or their lawful 
right and authority to make war, or to punish the 
outward breaches of the first table (of the ten com- 
mandments), and shall appear to the court wilfully 
and obstinately to continue therein after due time 
and means of conviction, every such person or 
persons shall be sentenced to banishment." Mr. 
Backus, speaking of this wicked law enacted by 
our Congregational brethren, says, " I have dili- 
gently searched all the books, records, and papers 
I could coine at upon all sides, and have found a 
great number of instances of Baptists suffering for 
the above points that we own." Baptists " refused 
to countenance infant baptism and the use of secu- 
lar force in religious affairs," and Backus found 
many cases of persons persecuted by law for op- 
posing infant baptism in the methods specified. 
Painter, in 1644, " a poor man, was suddenly 
turned Anabaptist, and having a child born, would 
not suffer his wife to carry it to be baptized. He 
was complained of for this to the court, and en- 
joined by them to suffer his child to be baptized. 
And because he refused to obey them therein, and 
told them it was an antichristian ordinance, they 
tied him up and whipped him, which he bore with- 
out flinching, and declared he had divine help to 
support him." Gov. AVinthrop says that "he be- 
longed to Hingham, and that he was whipped for 
denying the Lord's ordinance." (History of the 
Baptists in New England, by Isaac Backus, i. 
127-8. Newton.) This stinging argument brought 
no conviction to the mind of Mr. Painter, and it 
only showed the dearth of Scriptural reasons for 
the infant rite, and the lack of justice and common 
sense in those who tried to secure persuasion with 
the lash. More than a hundred years earlier the 
same kind of argument was freely used in Switzer- 
land, and in our own times force has brought the 
Baptist infant to the font in Germany. But this 
old argument of the highwayman will gradually 



fall into disuse as men see its worthlessness and its 
thorough wickedness. 

Palen, Rev. Vincent, was born Jan. 17, 1810, 
in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., of Merthodist parents. lie 
experienced religion in 1828, although he did not 
then make a public profession. In 1833 he became 
a full member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
and a preacher. After filling a circuit appointment 
he held a protracted meeting at McAllistei"'s church, 
near Harrisburg, Pa., at which 120 persons pro-' 
fessed convei-sion. From these converts a church 
was organized, of which he was chosen pastor. 
Some of the candidates for membership refusing to 
accept sprinkling as baptism, he was led carefully 
to investigate the subject of baptism, and became 
convinced that immersion is the only Scriptural 
mode. He was baptized in the Susquehanna River 
at Harrisburg. by Rev. E. Thomas, a Winebrenna- 
rian minister, and was ordained to the ministry in 
that body. After a pastorate here of sixteen 
months (during which a meeting-house was built), 
followed by a brief engagement at Baltimore, he 
united, in 1843, with the High Street Baptist church 
in that city. May 25, 1845, after which he was or- 
dained, Rev. S. P. Hill, D.D., preaching the ser- 
mon. From this time until the outbreak of the 
war his time was divided among evangelistic, mis- 
sionary, and pastoral labors. The beginning of 
the war found him at Portsmouth, Va., from which 
he was sent to Richmond, and imprisoned as an 
" alien enemy." He was, however, soon released, 
and on reaching AVashington was appointed a hos- 
pital chaplain. He discharged the duties of this 
office with efficiency and unflagging zeal. In this 
and other ways he rendered very important service 
to the government during the great struggle. At 
the close of the war he was, with one exception, 
the last hospital chaplain mustered out of the ser- 
vice, and he was then transferred to the regular 
army as post chaplain. In December, 1869, in con- 
sequence of chronic ill health, he was at his own 
request retired from active service. He has since 
resided in Camden, N. J. As his health permits 
he continues to fill up the measure of his useful- 
ness by preaching and other Christian ministries. 

Palmer, Albert Gallatin, D.D., son of Luther 
and Sarah (Kenyon) Palmer, was born in North 
Stonington, Conn., May 11, 1813; experienced re- 
ligion at nine years of age ; baptized by Rev. Jon- 
athan Miner, in 1829 ; joined First Baptist church 
in North Stonington ; began early to preach, and 
supplied for a year the church in Andover, Conn. ; 
pursued academical studies at Kingston and Paw- 
tucket, R. I., and Andover, Mass. ; preached for 
First Baptist church in North Stonington, by 
which body he was ordained in 1834 ; was pastor 
of First Baptist church in Westerly, R. I., from 
1837 to 1843, and blessed in his work; pastor of 



PALMER 



880 



PALMER 



Stonington Borough church, Conn., from 1843 to 
1852, and prospered ; enjoyed three revivals of 
power; pastor of the church in Syracuse, N. Y., 
for three years ; pastor at Bridgeport, Conn. ; pastor 
for three years at Wakefield, R. I., and shared large 
revivals; in 1861, by urgent solicitation, returned 
to Stonington Borough ; rich and constant blessings 
followed ; he is here now laboring with great honor, 
having served at this post twenty-seven years ; re- 
ceived from Madison University the honorary de- 
gree of Doctor of Divinity ; in 1844 published a 
small volume, " The Early Baptists of Connecti- 
cut;" in 1872, a " Historical Discourse" (Centen- 
nial), given before the Stonington Union Associa- 
tion ; above one hundred sermons and sketches in 
the Christian Secretary, of Hartford, various mis- 
sionary papers of worth, numerous poems and son- 
nets, and a superior translation of " Dies Irae ;" is a 
preacher of remarkable gravity, unction, and earn- 
estness ; possesses marked talents, guided by strong 
faith ; for years was president of the Connecticut 
Baptist State Convention ; always a strong advo- 



X ^^ 




ALBERT GALLATIN PALMER, D.D. 

cate of education, temperance, and missions ; a 
leader among Connecticut Baptists. 

Palmer, Ethan B., D.D., was born in Auster- 
litz, N. Y., March 12, 1836 ; baptized at East Hills- 
dale in 1852 ; graduated from Madison University 
in 1860, and from the seminary in 1863 ; was or- 
dained in the city of New York, Jan. 6, 1864 ; 
labored in Newbern, N. C, and at other places. 
In March, 1872, he began his pastorate of the First 
church, Bridgeton, N. J., where he continues. 



Nearly 200 have been baptized since his 
in Bridgeton began, the membership has almost 
doubled, and the work of the church has been very 
much enlarged. In connection with the South 




ETHAN B. PALMER, D.D. 

Jersey Institute, Mr. Palmer has found a large field 
for his labors, and his counsels on the denomina- 
tional boards are very serviceable. 

Palmer, Henry, M.D., an eminent and widely- 
known physician and surgeon of Janesville, Wis., 
was born in New Hartford, Oneida Co., N. Y., July 
30, 1827. He is a son of Deacon Ephraim Palmer, 
a well-known Baptist of Edgerton, Wis. His father 
was a farmer, and Henry assisted in the manage- 
ment of the farm until he was nineteen years of 
!ige. During the winter he attended the district 
schools of his neighborhood. He subsequently 
completed a full course of studies at the Academy 
of Cazenovia, N. Y. From his early boyhood he 
earnestly desired to prepare himself for the medi- 
cal profession. Owing, however, to his want of 
pecuniary resources he was obliged to delay his 
cherislied plan, and several years were devoted to 
other pursuits, chiefly teaching school. In 1851 
lie entered the office of Drs. March and Ai-msby, at 
Albany, N. Y., both of whom were distinguished 
physicians and professors in the Albany Medical 
College, from which he graduated in 1854. In 1857 
he established himself in Janesville, Wis., where he 
has built up a very extensive local practice, and in 
surgery his field covers the State at large. Since 
the death of Dr. E. B. Wolcott, of Milwaukee, he 
ranks as the leading surgeon in Wisconsin. 



PALMER 



PALMER 



On the outbreak of the civil war in 1861, Dr. 
Palmer offered his services to the State, and was 
commissioned surgeon of the 7th Wis. Regiment. 
Subsequently he was appointed director of the 
hospital service in Baltimore. He was afterwards 
transferred to the same service in York, Pa. At 
this post he remained two years. When Gen. 
Lee's army commenced the invasion of Pennsyl- 
vania, York fell into their hands, and he was taken 
prisoner, but escaped during the progress of the 
battle of Gettysburg, and immediately took posses- 
sion of his hospital, filling it with the wounded from 
the battle-field. In March, 1864, he was assigned 
to duty as medical inspector of the 8th Corps of the 
Army of the Potomac. He continued in this posi- 
tion until the end of the war, when he was ordered 
to Chicago to close up the medical department of 
the Western district. This service performed, he 
returned again to the practice of his profession in 
•Janesville, Wis., having won honorable distinction 
in the army, and the highest place in his profession. 

For many years Dr. Palmer has been a Baptist. 
The numerous demands made upon his time by 
his professional engagements prevent his shar- 
ing largely in the active work of the church of 
which he is a member. He is a man of exemplary 
life, thorough conscientiousness, and earnestness in 
his profession. Twice his fellow-townsmen have 
elected him mayor of the city. During tlie late 
war between Turkey and Russia, Dr. Palmer went 
to Europe for the purpose of visiting the hospitals 
of the contending armies, to acquaint himself with 
the latest results of the science of surgery attained 
by the profession in those countries. He was 
freely passed through the lines, and allowed every 
facility for accomplishing his object. 

Dr. Palmer has won an enviable position, but at 
fifty j'ears of age, in fine physical health, with un- 
impaired mental powers, he may be said to have 
but entered upon his professional career. His past 
splendid success justifies the hope of his friends 
that his future will be brilliant, and of still larger 
usefulness to his fellow-men. 

Palmer, Rev. Lyman, was born in Dutchess 
Co., N. Y., Aug. 19, 1818; his parents were both 
Baptists, and their home was a place of hearty 
welcome for ministerial brethren at all times. In 
his early years he listened to many theological 
discussions in the quiet old farm-house of his 
parents. After repeated struggles with his con- 
science, aroused by the truth and the Holy Spirit, 
he became a subject of redeeming grace at the age 
of nineteen. He at once united with the Baptist 
church in East Hillsdale. Columbia Co., N. Y. 
Soon after making a profession of religion, he had 
deep convictions of duty in reference to preaching 
the gospel. The salvation of his soul was so 
precious an event that he felt he owed his best 



services to the Saviour, who had redeemed him. 
A sense of unfitness and of the magnitude of the 
work at first appeared an impassable barrier. 
Through increasing light he was brought to say 




from the heart, •' Yes, Lord, I will do anything 
thou requirest." After a few months he received 
a license from the church and a call to supply their 
pulpit. 

He entered Madison University in the autumn 
of 1843. He had previously attended an academy, 
where he had made some proficiency in Latin and 
Greek. After one year of close application to study 
liis health became so precarious that he left the 
university, and read Greek and Hebrew with a pri- 
vate teacher, and at the same time studied theology 
with his pastor. On Lord's day he supplied desti- 
tute churches. In February, 1845, he was ordained, 
that he might go to Iowa as a missionary of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society. Before 
he was ready to journey West he was prostrated by 
fever, and thus prevented from entering his eiiosen 
field. With returning health he entered upon 
missionary work in Columbia Co., N. Y. Here the 
work of the Lord prospered in his hands, blessed 
results crowning his labors. He organized a 
church, nearly all of whom were converted and 
baptized under his ministry. In 1851 he received 
an appointment from the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society to labor in the Territory of Minne- 
sota. In November, 1851, he started for the falls 
of St. Anthony, but having to cross the State of 
Illinois with a wagon, he did not reach the Missis- 



PALMER 



882 



PARKER 



sippi at Galena until after the last boat of the season 
had gone up the river. He remained in Galeha 
during the winter and supplied the Baptist pulpit. 
His first sermon in St. Anthony was preached on 
Lord's day, April 24, 1852. The church was small, 
and in debt for their unfinished chapel. After three 
years' hard labor the church increased to a mem- 
bership of 67. He then went up the river fifteen 
miles, to the town of Anoka. Here he preached 
in private houses, or in school-houses, or on board 
of steamboats, as opportunity presented. After 
thr^e years' untiring labor a good meeting-house 
was dedicated, and, by the generosity of friends, 
was soon free from debt. He served the Anoka 
church eight years, leaving them with a good work- 
ing membership of 50. A part of the time during 
the war, teachers being very scarce, he engaged in 
teaching. In August, 1864, he commenced labor 
as colporteur of the American Baptist Publication 
Society. With the exception of about one year, he 
labored either as colporteur or Sunday-school mis- 
sionary until 1875. While in the employment of 
the society he traveled 36,700 miles, distributed by 
sale and donation 12,700 books, 423,000 pages of 
tracts, besides selling and giving away many Bibles 
and Testaments. These were years of severe ser- 
vice, traveling in all weathers, by night and by 
day, summer and winter, lodging in all manner of 
places, yet they were happy years, for much good 
was accomplished in them. Many Christians were 
strengthened, the weary and heavy-laden were 
pointed to Christ, and Sunday-schools and churches 
were organized for the Master. 

Palmer, N. J., Esq. — Among the departed 
worthies of our Zion this earnest man deserves 
honorable mention. He was a lawyer, an editor, 
and sometimes preached. For many years he was 
secretary of the Baptist State Convention, North 
Carolina, and a trustee of Wake Forest College. 
He was a devoted Christian, and died where he had 
lived for many years, in Milton, in 1855. 

Palmer, Rev. Wait, the first pastor of the First 
Baptist church in North Stonington, Conn., was 
ordained in 1743, at the same time that the church 
was organized ; remained pastor twenty-two years ; 
preached often in destitute regions ; baptized Rev. 
Simeon Brown and Rev. Shubal Stearns ; was an 
actor in the great '' New Light," or Separatist 
movement ; also an active patriot in the Revolu- 
tion, soon after which he died. The Baptist min- 
istry in Connecticut has been honored by the 
Palmers : Christopher Palmer, ordained in 1782 ; 
Abel Palmer, in 1785 ; Reuben Palmer, in 1785 ; 
Gresham Palmer, in 1805 ; Phineas Palmer, in 1808. 

Palmer, Rev. William, son of Rev. Abel and 
Lois Palmer, was born in Colchester, Conn., Sept. 
10, 1785; Avas a student from boyhood; was con- 
verted and baptized at the age of eighteen ; i-e- 



ceived a license and commenced preaching at the 
age of twenty ; in 1807 was married to Sarah Ben- 
nett, sister of Revs. Alfred and Alvin Bennett ; in 
1809 was ordained at Colchester, sermon preached 
by Rev. Samuel Bliss, of Stafford ; settled in Ash- 
ford, Conn., and labored three years; settled in 
his native town and preached ten years ; from 1824 
to 1834 was pastor of the First Baptist church in 
Norwich, Conn., succeeding Rev. John Sterry ; 
blessed with remarkable revivals in 1829 and 1832, 
in which he baptized more than a hundred ; three 
years with the church in East Lyme, Conn.; four 
years with the church in North Lyme ; revivals 
attended his labors ; again filled the pastoral ofiBce 
in Norwich from 1841 to 1845, when impaired 
health compelled his retirement from the pulpit 
except occasionally. He was lovely and loved, 
meek, quiet, fervent, and faithful. Passionately 
fond of study, he held a high rank as a preacher. 
For twenty-five years he was the clerk of the New 
London Baptist Association. He died in Norwich, 
Dec. 25, 1853, at the age of sixty-eight, and after 
a ministry of forty-eight years, and was buried in 
Yantic cemetery. 

Parker, Rev. Carleton, was bom in Hopkinton, 

Mass., Nov. 30, 1806, and was fitted for college at 
South Reading and Amherst Academies. He grad- 
uated at Waterville College, now Colby University, 
in the class of 1834. He intended to have entered 
the ministry on graduating, but the state of his 
health forbade him, and he devoted himself to 
teaching for nearly twenty years. Four years he 
was the principal of the Vermont Literary and 
Scientific Institution at Brandon. From 1841 to 
1844 he had charge of Groton Academy, in the 
State of New York. For three years he had a 
" Home School for Boys" in Framingham, Mass. 
Feeling that the state of his health now warranted 
his entering the ministry, he was ordained pastor 
of the Baptist church in Wayne, Me., in May, 
1852. He held this relation until September, 1856, 
then went to Hebron, Me., where he was the pastor 
for seven years. His other pastorates were in 
Maine, at Canton, Norridgewock, and North Liver- 
more, where he died, Aug. 22, 1874. By his will 
he bequeathed several thousand dollars to four of 
the benevolent societies of the denomination which 
he had served so long and so well. 

Parker, Hon. D. McNeil, M.D., deacon of the 
Baptist church, Granville Street, Halifax, Nova 
Scotia, was born in 1822, at Windsor, Nova Scotia ; 
graduated M.D. from the University of Edinburgh, 
Scotland, in 1845 ; returned immediately to Nova 
Scotia, and has ever since been practising his pro- 
fession in Halifax with high reputation for skill; 
is a member of the Legislative Council, a governor 
of Acadia College, and a liberal supporter of all 
denominational objects. 



PARKER 



883 



FARKhJRISM 



Parker, H. I., D.D., was born of pious parents 
at Cavendish, Vt., Nov. 12, 1812. At tiie age of | 
eighteen lie was converted, and four years later 
was baptized by Rev. Joseph Freeman, D.D. After 
two years' study at the Norwich and the Black 
River Academies, and one year at Dartmouth Col- 
lege, he spent two years as instructor at " The Old 
Cambridge Latin School, '' graduated at Harvard 
University in 1840, and studied tiieology at New- 
ton. H6 was ordained at Factory Point, Vt., in 
January, 1842, and was pastor at Burlington, Vt., 
from 1844 to 1854, when he removed to Wisconsin 
to aid in establishing the Baptist Institution at 
Beaver Dam, and was pastor there from 1856 to 
1861, when, on account of ill health, he removed to 
Austin, Minn. Here he preached at six different 
stations, where as many churches were afterwards 
organized. In 1872 he settled in California, and 
has ministered to the churches at Visalia, Santa 
Barbara, and Santa Anna. During the thirty-eight 
years of his ministry he has enjoyed many revi- 
vals, laid the spiritual foundations of many new 
churches, built four church edifices, helped to en- 
dow and manage two institutions of learning, and 
was for eight years a member of the Minnesota 
State Normal Board. In May, 1880, California 
College conferred upon him the degree of D.D. 

Parker, Rev. James, was born in 1812, in Ayles- 
ford. Nova Scotia: converted and baptized in 1828 ; 
he was ordained May 19, 1842, and became in 1843 
pastor of the Baptist church of Brookfield, Queen's 
Co., Nova Scotia ; of the Third Cornwallis church 
in 1855; of the Tliird Ilorton church in 1870; of 
the KentviUe church in 1874; died June 26, 1876. 
His was a useful life and ministry. 

Parker, J. W., D.D., was ordained and settled 
as pastor of the First Baptist church in Cambridge, 
Mass., in 1836, and continued to serve in that re- 
lation with success during twenty years. At the 
close of that long pastorate he became secretary of 
the Northern Baptist Education Society, which po- 
sition he held about ten years, five of which he was 
pastor of the Shawmut Avenue Baptist church, in 
Boston. In January, 1865, he resigned the pastor- 
ate of this church, and entered upon the work of 
establishing schools for training colored men as 
preachers, and young men and women as teachers, 
among the freedmen of the Southern States. In 
this labor Dr. Parker continued about five years, 
visiting all the Atlantic States many times, intro- 
ducing teachers into destitute fields, and organizing 
schools in many towns and cities. While thus oc- 
cupied his health failed, owing to overwork, hard- 
ships, and exposures. Settling down for a while 
on a small farm in Maryland, he engaged in con- 
stant out-door work, and soon regained his usual 
health. He was then invited to accept the pastor- 
ate of the Calvary Baptist church in Washington, 



D. C, which he did, occupying the pulpit for about 
six years with marked success. At the close of this 
period, feeling the need of rest and change of cli- 
mate, he visited Europe, where he remained up- 
wards of a year. Soon after his return he was 
urged to become the pastor of the E Street Baptist 
church, Washington, D. C, which he consented to 
do, and he still holds that position. While residing 
in Massachusetts, Dr. Parker acted for a period of 
sixteen years as a member of the executive com- 
mittee of the American Baptist Missionary Union, 
and in 1849 he was delegated by that body to rep- 
resent them at the first Baptist Association held 
in Germany, at the old city of Stettin. Accompa- 
nied by that pioneer German missionary, the Rev. 
J. G. Oncken, he visited the Baptist missions in 
Denmark and Germany. The missionary stations 
in France he visited with the Rev. Erastus Wil- 
lard. From these visits he gleaned many interest- 
ing facts which were of great use to the committee 
in the prosecution of their work in those fields. 
Dr. Parker stands deservedly very high among his 
Baptist brethren, as well as among his friends in 
other denominations, who have long known and 
acknowledged his sterling worth. 

Parker, Rev. Uriah H., an aged Baptist min- 
ister residing in Bradley Co., Ark., settled in this 
part of the State about 1846, and shortly after gath- 
ered Shady Grove chui'ch in the southern part of 
Bradley County, the oldest missionary Baptist 
church between the Ouachita and the Mississippi 
Rivers. An anti-mission church was gathered at 
Warren a few years before, but it is long since ex- 
tinct. Mr. Parker also gathered another church 
in Bradley County, which was afterwards dis- 
solved. He united his labors with Royal in Drew 
County, and Tommie in Bradley, and by their com- 
mon labors the foundations of many of the oldest 
churches in Bartholomew Association were laid. 
He often preaches yet with great earnestness and 
power. 

Parker, Rev. Willard G., was born in Annap- 
olis Co., Nova Scotia, April 4, 1816; converted 
and baptized in 1828 ; ordained pastor at New Al- 
bany, Jan. 28, 1843 ; was pastor at Sackville, New 
Brunswick, seven years, and in Nova Scotia at the 
following places : Nictaux, seventeen years, also 
of Mitton, Queen's County, Lawrencetown, Valley 
West, and Pine Grove churches ; baptized over a 
thousand converts; died Dec. 6, 1878; an eminent 
minister of the gospel. 

Parkerism in Indiana. — 1 . The Doctrine.— God 
never made a creature that will sufi'er eternally. 
All the elect were created in union with Christ, 
and so he was bound by covenant to redeem them. 
These are the " good seed." The non-elect are the 
children of the devil, begotten in some mysterious 
manner of Eve. These are the " bad seed.'' 



PARKHURST 



PARKS 



2. The Man. — Reared on the frontiers of Georgia, 
" he was without education, uncouth in manners, 
slovenly in dress, diminutive in person, and un- 
prepossessing in appearance." His enthusiasm 
bordered on insanity. In 1819 he came into Indi- 
ana from his home in Illinois, and at once began to 
attract attention. He opposed missions, education, 
and Sunday-schools. 

3. The Motive. — He sought notoriety as a writer, 
and was anxious to use the columns of the Colum- 
bian Star, published in "Washington City. His 
articles were rejected. In his revenge he attacked 
not only the paper, but all it advocated, such as 
missions, education, etc. 

4. The Effect. — Scores of churches and hundreds 
of members were drawn away after him. And they 
went so far as to pass resolutions denouncing mis- 
sions, etc. But finally those churches died as a 
proper result of their heinous heresy. Parker was 
excluded from his own church. 

Parkhurst, Rev. Jabez W., was born in Mid- 
dletown, Conn., Jan. 10, 1806. At the age of 
twenty-two he united with the Baptist church in 
his native town. In the foil of 1831 he removed 
to Newton, Mass., fitted himself to enter the theo- 
logical institution there, and graduated in 1836. 
For seven years after his graduation he was the 
pastor of the church in Tyngsborough, Mass., and 
at the end of this period became pastor of the 
church in "West Dedham, Mass. His pastorate of 
this church continued for six years, and was closed 
in consequence of his ill health. He was chosen 
an agent of the American Baptist Home Missionary 
Society, and performed the duties of his office for 
fourteen years. Having closed his relations with 
the society, he supplied different churches /or a 
time, hoping that his health would be so far re- 
stored that he would be able to resume his pastoral 
work. This hope not being realized, he accepted 
an appointment as an agent of the Hancock Mu- 
tual Life Insurance Company, a position which he 
occupied until his death, March 19, 1871. 

Parkinson, Rev. WiUiam, was born in Fred- 
erick Co., Md., Nov. 8, 1774. He was convicted 
of sin in his twentieth year, and in June, 1796, he 
was baptized by the Rev. Absalom Bainbridge, in 
Israel's Creek, in his native county. He was or- 
dained to the Christian ministry in April, 1798. 
He delighted in preaching as an itinerating home 
missionary, a practice vei-y common among our 
Baptist fathers, and greatly blessed. In December, 
1801, and for "three successive seasons," during 
JeflFerson's administrations he was " a chaplain to 
Congress." He was chosen to this position by a 
large majority, and without solicitation on his part. 
On Lord's day morning he preached in the Capitol, 
and in the afternoon in the Treasury. He says, 
" The members of Congi-ess attend abundantly 



better than I expected ; I liave, moreover, the 
pleasure of stating that the President has missed 
but one of my meetings at the Capitol." 

On the 20th of December, 1804, Mr. Parkinson 
came on a visit to the First Baptist church of New 
York ; after preaching to their gi-eat' satisfaction 
for about six weeks, he received an earnest call to 
become their pastor. Early in April he accepted 
the call, and very soon after a powerful revival of 
religion came down upon the church from the 
throne of grace, and it continued for several years, 
adding large numbers to the membership of the 
church, and giving a glorious impetus to Baptist 
influence, and efforts, and prayers in New York. 
His congregations were very large, and his sermons 
swept the people along with him with resistless 
force. He continued pastor of the First church for 
thirty-five years, and then resigned, after which he 
went to Frederick, Md. In 1840 the Bethesda 
church of New York City, composed chiefly of 
warm friends of Mr. Parkinson, recently connected 
with the First church, invited him to become their 
pastor. He accepted the call, and in 1841 com- 
menced his labors. But soon a fall seriously im- 
paired his health and largely unfitted him for 
future pulpit efibrts ; he lingered along for several 
years, and died March 9, 1848. The last words he 
uttered were a declaration that " he was in the 
arms of his precious Saviour." Daniel Dodge, of 
saintly memory, pastor of the Second church of 
Philadelphia, preached his funeral sermon in the 
First Baptist church of New York. 

Mr. Parkinson was endowed with a powerful 
:nind, a voice said to be like "Whitefield's, and with 
a large measure of the grace of God. He had some 
enemies that possessed a great faculty for hating, 
and he did not always try to disarm them, but he 
had throngs of warm-hearted friends who loved 
him living and who bitterly lamented his death. 

His published writings were " A Treatise on the 
Ministry of the "\Yord" and " Sermons on XXXIII. 
Chapter of Deuteronomy," in two volumes. 

Parks, Rev. Harrison H., son of Rev. Benj. 
M. Parks, was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., March 
1, 1815; joined Athens church, 0., in 1832; re- 
moved to Illinois in 1834 ; helped to organize the 
"Whitney Grove church and the Old Salem Associ- 
ation ; entered upon the work of pioneer preaching 
in " the for "West" ; and was ordained in 1847 by 
the Black Creek church, Mo., of which he became 
pastor. He subsequently preached for the Quincy, 
"Warsaw, Fall Creek, Lamarsh, Union, and Howard 
Grove churches. 111. ; was missionary of the Bur- 
lington Association, Iowa, and of Bethel church, 
111., until 1876, when he removed to California; 
has done much to encourage and build up feeble 
churches; is now serving as pastor the church at 
Willows, Colusa Co., Cal. 



PARKS 



PATERSON 



Parks, Rev. James H., was born in New York 
City, July 13, 1829. He was converted in the year 
1847, and united with the Reformed Dutch Church. 
Soon after he commenced a course of preparation 
for Rutgers College, having the Christian ministry 
in view. But health failing, and a series of cir- 
cumstances arising which brought the subject of 
Christian baptism to his attention, he was compelled 
to make a thorough examination of Scriptural 
teachings upon this subject, which resulted in his 
being immersed on profession of faith on the 2d of 
July, 1854. 

He afterwards pursued a post-graduate course at 
Columbian College, Washington, D. C, and re- 
ceived the degree of Master of Arts from that in- 
stitution upon examination. Pie was also honored 
with the degree of A.M. from Princeton College, 
N. J. He was ordained to the ministry May 28, 
1856. He has been pastor of the Baptist churches 
at Stamford, Conn., Bedford, N. Y., Pemberton, 
N. J., Manayunk and Calvary, Philadelphia, and 
is now successfully laboring with the Linden Ave- 
nue Baptist church at Dayton, 0. He also pei 
formed faithful service as a chaplain in the ami} 
at AYashington, D. C, during the late war. IIis 
pastorates have been successful and efficient. Ilib 
views of doctrine are clear, strong, and Scriptural 
and are always fearlessly enunciated. He is a 
positive Baptist, perhaps the more so because his 
own prejudices, instilled from early childhood 
vcere each successively removed by a specific in\es 
tigation and a conscientious study of the Word of 
God. 

Parmly, Wheelock H., D.D., was born in 

Braintree, Vt., July 27, 1816 ; graduated at Colum- 
bia College, New York City, in 1842, and from the 
theological department at Hamilton in 1844 ; a 
classmate of George C. Baldwin, of Troy, and 
others ; spent several years preaching in Louisiana 
and Mississippi, and for three years was pastor at 
Shelburne Falls, Mass. In 1850 he took charge of 
the church in Burlington, N. J., and in 1854 he 
accepted a call to the First church of Jersey City, 
of which he remains the beloved, honored, and 
successful pastor. The city has grown rapidly, and 
the First church has become large and influential, 
sending out other churches, which are useful and 
pro*sperous. He received the degree of Doctor of 
Divinity from Madison University in 1867. Dr. 
Parmly has exercised an extensive influence in the 
moulding and upbuilding of the missionary and 
educational institutions of the State. He has a 
place on the board of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society. He is loved by his own people 
and honored by the denomination in the State. 
Patch, Rev. George Washington, was bom in 

Boston, April 30, 1817 ; pursued his preparatory 
studies in Wakefield, Mass., and New London, 



N. II. He was a graduate of Brown University in 
the class of 1839. Having taken the course of 
theological study at Newton, he was settled first at 
Wenhani, Mass., and then at Sharon, Mass. From 
this latter place he was called to Marblehead, Mass.. 
where he had a long and most useful ministry of 
twenty-six years, and ceased to preach only under 
the pressure of fatal disease. He died, with 
scarcely a moment's warning, Dec. 25, 1875. Few 
ministers have left behind them a better record 
than he. 




WHEELOCK n. PARMI.Y, D.D. 

Paterson, James, D.D., of Glasgow, Scotland, 
was for fifty years pastor of the first regular Bap- 
tist church in that city. He was born in 1801 at 
Dumbarton, and received his early education at the 
burgh school, then, as now, of considerable reputa- 
tion. At first he thought of devoting himself to 
the medical profession, but during his university 
course he connected himself with the Glasgow City 
Mission, and eventually entered the ministry. He 
had joined the Scotch Baptist Church, but never 
embraced their views of church polity. In 1829 
he hired a room and began to preach. A number 
of university students came to the poor room, a 
kind of loft, and, after seeing the place and the con- 
gregation, they said, '' Y'ou never mean, Paterson, 
to make a kirk out of that !'" But he did, and the 
church which originated with three members grad- 
ually grew strong and influential, and is now the 
largest Baptist church in Scotland. He rendered 
eminent service to the interests of the denomina- 
tion, and for many years superintended the theo- 
logical education of students for the Baptist 



PATIENT 



886 



PATRICK 



ministry in Scotland. In 1850 he undertook the 
editorship of the Scottish Temperance Review, and 
subsequently he edited the Scottish Review. His 
ministry was characterized by solidity and strenj^th, 
and his life was singularly upright, and marked by 
a severely conscientious regard for duty and integ- 
rity. In everything he put his hand to Dr. Pater- 
son proved himself '" a workman who needeth not 
to be ashamed." In the later years of his life he 
was aided in the pastoral care of the church by the 
Rev. James Cubross, D.D., as junior pastor, but he 
continued to minister to his charge until within a 
short period of his departure, which took place on 
Jan. 29, 1880. 

Patient, Rev. Thomas, was bom in England, 
and educated, we have no doubt, in Oxford or 
Cambridge. He became a Congregutionalist, and 
emigrated to New England. After laboring in the 
ministry on this side of the Atlantic, he was con- 
vinced that the Saviour and his apostles were Bap- 
tists, and he frankly avowed his convictions. He 
was immediately subjected to violent persecutions, 
and to escape them he returned to England. 

In 1640 he was appointed co-pastor with Mr. 
Kiffin in London, where he labored for some time. 
Parliament having voted that six aljle ministers 
should be appointed to pi-each in Dublin, at a sal- 
ary of £200 per annum, to be paid from the lands 
formerly owned by bishops, deans, and chapters, 
Mr. Patient accepted one of these jiositions, which 
was offered to him. In the capital of Ireland he 
became a very popular preacher, and so gifted was 
he as an eloquent speaker that at times he traveled 
much through the country, preaching Jesus wher- 
ever he went to delighted throngs of British set- 
tlers. 

In Dublin he acted as chaplain of Col. John 
Jones, who was married to a sister of the Protector, 
and who occupied a seat in his " House of Lords." 
And such a fovorite was he with Col. Jones that 
he selected him to preach before him and the coun- 
cil every Sunday in Christ church cathedral. This 
church was completed in 1038, and it was repaired 
and extensively improved by the celebrated English 
invader of Ireland, Strongbow. In it he was buried 
in 1176, and his monument is the chief attraction 
at this day of a superb church. In this grand old 
temple, before the governor of Dublin and the 6lite 
of Anglo-Irish society, Mr. Patient proclaimed a 
living gospel. He was on friendly relations with 
Oliver Cromwell himself, as the following quota- 
tions from a letter written to the Protector by him 
will show : 

" My Lord, — From that little acquaintance I had 
with your excellency befoi'c you went out of Ire- 
land, and the suitableness I found in that letter of 
your experiences, of which I was made a partaker, 
compared with my observation of the goings of 



God with you for many years, in this great work 
in which God hath made use of you, it hath, in- 
deed, vei-y thoroughly confirmed my heart in char- 
ity and love towards you, as one elect and precious 
in the sight of God. . . . Truly God hath kept the 
heart of my lord deputy close to himself. ... I 
am at present, and have been at the headquarters 
ever since a little before my Lady Ireton (Crom- 
well's daughter) came over. I do by good experi- 
ence find, so far as I can discover, the power of 
God's gi'ace in her soul, a woman acquainted with 
temptations and breathing after Christ. And I 
am persuaded it hath pleased God to begin a work 
of grace in the soul of Col. Henry Cromwell, your 
son. ... I watch him, and he is crying much to 
God in secret. . . . Your grandchild hath been 
very weak, but it is recovered. . . . I think I shall 
be at Dublin with my lady (Ireton) this summer."' 

This letter shows that Mi-. Patient had received 
an epistle from Cromwell, and that he was inti- 
mately and religiously associated with several 
members of his family at that time in Ireland. 

Mr. Patient baptized a large number of per.sons 
in Dublin. He was a wise and experienced Chris- 
tian, and he rendered substantial service to the 
Saviour's kingdom in Ireland. He died July 30, 
1666, and the Lord was with him as he passed from 
this world of the dying into the heaven of the 
living. His only published work was a quarto 
volume on baptism. 

Patrick, Prof. John B., is a native of Barnwell 
County, the garden spot of South Carolina. He 
graduated in the State Military Academy in 1855. 
From 1856 to 1858 he was tutor in Furman Uni- 
versity. In 1859 he was second lieutenant and 
Assistant Professor of Mathematics, and then Pro- 
fessor of Mathematics and first lieutenant, until tlie 
war closed the academy. He was with the cadets 
during their active service. 

In 1866 he was principal of the preparatory de- 
partment of Furman University. In 1870 he opened 
the Greenville High School, and in 1878 he con- 
verted it into the Greenville Military Institute. He 
is a very modest man. Those who know him think 
that few men in the State have exercised a better 
or more extensive influence over the young men 
who are assuming the places of the old as they pass 
away. 

Patrick, Saint, the Apostle of Ireland, was 

of Scotch liirth. His proper name was Succathus ; 
the name by which we designate him is of Latin 
origin; patricius means noble, illustrious; it was 
a surname and a title of honor at the same time 
given to him by his grateful admirers. Patrick 
was wild and wicked until his sixteenth year, when 
he remembered the God of his fathers and repented 
him of his sins, and enlisted in the divine service. 
There is no <rround for doubting but that he 



PATTERSON 



887 



PATTISON 



preached the gospel of repentance and faith in 
Ireland, and that his ministrations were attended 
by overwhelming success. There are accounts ex- 
tant of a number of his baptisms, but they are all 
immersions. There is one baptism mentioned by 
Nennius (History of the Britons, p. 410. Bohn, 
London) and by Todd (St. Patrick, Apostle of 
Ireland, p. 449. Dublin), and found in many 
other histories, of which O'Farrell writes (Popu- 
lar Life of St. Patrick, p. 110. New York, 1863), 
" AVhen the saint entered Tirawly the seven sons 
(of Amalcjaidh) assembled with their followers. 
Profiting by the presence of so vast a multitude, 
the apostle entered into the midst of them, his soul 
inflamed with the love of God, and with a celestial 
courage preached to them the truths of Christi- 
anity ; and so powerful was the effect of his burn- 
ing words that the seven princes and over twelve 
thousand more were converted on that day, and 
were soon after baptized in a well (a spring or 
fountain) called Tobar Enadhaire, the well of Enad- 
haire." A number of other fountain baptisms of 
St. Patrick may be found in " The Baptism of the 
Ages,'' pp. 62-70. Publication Society. Philadel- 
phia. We have strong reasons for regarding St. 
Patrick as a Baptist missionary, and beyond con- 
tradiction his baptism was immersion. 

Patterson, Rev. John W., veas born in New 
Kent Co., Va., Dec. 14, 1850. He was baptized in 
1868, entered the Rielnnond Institute, and was 
graduated from the same in 1874. He served as 
missionary of the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society for some time, and was ordained in July, 
1872. He was soon called to the pastorate of the 
First Baptist church (colored), Danville, Va., where, 
during five years, he has had abundant success, 
having baptized nearly one thousand persons. He 
has been greatly honored by his people, and fills 
a wide sphere of usefulness. He is an excellent 
preacher, and quite a vigorous writer, several of 
his sermons having been published and widely cir- 
culated. He is deeply interested in all good move- 
ments, and is a trusted leader among his people. 

Pattison, Robert E., D.D., ■was born in Benson, 
Vt., Aug. 19, 1800. His mother was Sarah Everett, 
daughter of a physician ; his father was a Baptist 
minister, and Robert was his second son. He united 
with the Baptist Church when a young man, and 
soon gave up business for an education to enter 
the ministry. He prepared for college, and entered 
Amherst in 1826 : stood second in a class of forty. 
He was tutor in Columbian College. Washington, 
D. C, then Professor of Mathematics in Waterville 
College, Me. He was pastor in Salem, Mass., then 
at Providence, R. I. In 1836 he became president 
of Waterville College until it suspended for want 
of means, in 1839. He occupied the pulpit of the 
Second Baptist church for a year, and returned to 



his former charge in Providence. In 1842 he be- 
came secretary of the home department of the 
American Baptist Missionary Union. This posi- 
tion was urged upon him, and he reluctantly left his 




ROUERT £. I'ATTISOX. D.D. 

church in Providence to fill it. After three years 
of service he was re-elected secretary, but accepted, 
in 1845, the presidency of the AVestern Baptist 
Theological Institute, at Lexington, Ky. This 
school was suspended by local difficulties, and Dr. 
Pattison for six yeai-s was a professor at Newton 
Theological Seminary. Then he resumed, by re- 
quest, the presidency of AVaterville College, and 
held the office until failing health caused him to 
retire from labor for a time. lie removed to 
Worcester, Mass., to pass his days free from care, 
but in two years he assumed the proprietorship of 
Oread Institute. 

In the fall of 1864 he was a Professor of Theol- 
ogy in Shurtleff College. In 1870 he removed to 
Chicago to become a professor in the Union Bap- 
tist Theological Seminary, where he remained until 
his last illness. In the summer of 1874 his ener- 
gies began to give way, and after a protracted ill- 
ness he died at the residence of his eldest son, in 
St. Louis. Dr. Pattison left as his only literary 
monument a ■' Commentary on the Epistle to the 
Ephesians.'" Few men have impressed their views 
more deeply upon others. In all circumstances he 
possessed a resolute hopefulness and a firmness in 
adhering to his convictions of right and duty. His 
powers of persuasion were remarkable, and his life 
was one of gi-eat usefulness and of devoted piety. 



PATTISON 



PATTON 



Pattison, T. Harwood, D.D., was born in Enji;- 
land in December, 1838. lie was educated by pri- 
vate tuition, and at the London University ScliOol : 
studied architecture for four years in London ; spent 




T. HARWOOD PATTISOX, D.D. 

four years at Regent's Park Baptist College, Lon- 
don, from which he graduated in 1862 ; was pastor 
at Newcastle-on-Tyne and Rochdale, in England. 

In 1874, during a tour in the United States, he 
received a call to the pastorate of the First Baptist 
church of New Haven, Conn. After returning to 
England he accepted the invitation, and came to 
this country again in March, 1875, and settled in 
New Haven. Ilis brilliant pastorate in that city 
attracted the attention of intelligent Baptists every- 
where, and when, in 1879, the Pearl Street church 
of Albany, N. Y., wanted an under-sliepherd to 
succeed Dr. Bridgman, and fill the position which 
had been occupied by some of the first ministers 
in the Baptist denomination, they extended a call 
to Mr. Pattison. His labors in that city have in- 
creased his reputation as a fine scholar, an eloquent 
preacher, a judicious pastor, and a gospel laborer 
upon whose efibrts the favor of heaven specially 
rests. He received in 1880 the degree of Doctor 
of Divinity from Madison University, and he has 
just been chosen to fill one of the most important 
chairs in Rochester Theological Seminary. 

In the history of our denomination in thiscounti-y 
no man has ever acquired such distinguished suc- 
cess in a shorter time than Dr. Pattison, and no 
one more richly deserves it. Those best acquainted 
with him anticipate an unusually bright future for 



him, rich in the fruits of ripe scholarship, great 
modesty, ardent piety, and intellectual powers of a 
high order. 

Dr. Pattison, in 1872, published "Present Day 
Lectures." He is the American correspondent of 
The Freeman, one of the organs of the English Bap- 
tists. 

Patton, Alfred S., L.D., was born in Sufi"olk, 
England, Dec. 25, 1825, came to America when a 
child, and was educated at Columbian College, 
Washington, D. C, and Madison University, N. Y. 
He received the degree of Master of Arts from the 
former, and Doctor of Divinity from the latter. 
After graduating he spent some months in Europe. 

He was settled as pastor in West Chester, Pa., 
then in Haddonfield, N. J., then for five years in 
the First Baptist church of Hoboken, N. J. 

In 1859 he accepted the pastorate of the church 
in Watertown, Mass., and for 1862 and 1863 was 
the chaplain of the Massachusetts senate. 

In 1864 he accepted a call from the old Broad 
Street church of Utica, N. Y. While there the 
church Ijuilt the spacious and attractive house of 
worship known as the Tabernacle Baptist church. 
It is located in one of the finest sections of the city. 
His labors in the new field met with marked suc- 
cess. Dr. Patton is an able preacher, and was a 
good pastor, possessing remarkable tact and superior 




ILFRED S. PATTOX, D.D. 



social qualities. He has been industrious with the 
pen. He is the author of the following works : 
'•Kincaid, the Hero Missionary," "The Losing 
and Taking of Man-Soul, or Lectures on the Holy 



PATTON 



889 



PACLLLV 



War," "Light in the Valley," "Live for Jesus," 
"My Joy and my Crown," and smaller works 
published by the American Tract Society. He also 
contributed articles for the Christian Review on 
" The Influence of Physical Debility on Keligious 
Experience," and " Dreams, their Nature and 
Uses," also for the Boston Review, an article on 
"Liberal Religion," and for the Congregational 
Review, one on " The Temptation." 

In 1872 he purchased the American Baptist, and 
soon after changed its form to a quarto and the 
name to the Baptist Weekly, since which time that 
journal has taken high i-ank among Baptist peri- 
odicals, lie is a firm supporter of all the great 
enterprises of his denomination, and though kind 
and considerate to all Christian communities, he is a 
strenuous supporter of Baptist doctrines and polity. 

Patton, Rev. Garrett R., pastor of the Baptist 
church in Juda, Wis., was born in Fayette Co., 
Pa., in April, 1811. He passed his youth in the 
place of his birth, and was educated in the common 
schools of his neighborhood. In 1830 he made a 
profession of religion, and united with the Bap- 
tist church in Smithfield, Fayette Co., Pa. He 
was licensed to preach the gospel in 1839, and or- 
dained by the church with which he united when 
converted. He was pastor of the Monongahela 
Baptist church in 1839. In 1845 he removed to 
Juda, Greene Co., AVis., and became pastor of the 
Baptist church in that place, in which relation he 
has remained until the present time. He gathered 
and organized churches in the same county at Mon- 
ticello, Wyota, and Monroe. He has held the same 
pastorate longer than any minister in Wisconsin. 
He is a faithful and successful preacher of the 
gospel. His ministry has been frequently blessed 
with revivals of great power. In his seventieth 
year he is preaching with much acceptance to one 
of the largest churches in the State. 

Patton, Rev. John, was born in 1752, in Kent 
Co., Del. He was baptized by the Rev. Abel 
Griffith, of Welsh Tract, in 1789. In 1793 he 
settled in Shamokin, Pa., and became pastor of the 
church formed the following year in that place. 
In 1809 he removed to Fayette Co., Pa., and as- 
sumed pastoral care of the Mount Moriah Baptist 
church. This relation continued until his death, 
in 1839, aged eighty-seven. Half a century was 
given to the ministry, and judging from the warm 
expressions of aged members, both in the Eastern 
and the Western field he occupied for so many years, 
be must have been a man of more than ordinary 
ability and of great activity. As the founder of 
the ancient church of Shamokin his memory will 
not perish. Thirteen children and a very large 
circle of grandchildren, as well as the church he 
so faithfully served, mourned his loss. One son, 
James, became a preacher, as did also three grand- 
57 



sons, — John P. Rockafeller, G. R. Patton, and Wm, 
R. Patton. The latter is a graduate of the univer- 
sity at Lewisburg, and a graduate of the Crozer 
Theological Seminary. He is now pastor of twc 
churches, the Flatwoods, Fayette Co., and the 
Greensborough, Greene Co., Pa., and is highly 
respected as a Christian, a minister, and a citizen. 

Paul, Rev. Thomas, a gifted and eloquent 
colored preacher, was born in Exeter, N. H., Sept. 
3, 1773, and at the age of sixteen became a Chris- 
tian. At the age of twenty-eight he commenced 
preaching, and was ordained at Nottingham West, 
N. H., May 1, 1805, and soon after became the 
pastor of the African Baptist church in Boston, 
where he remained for more than twenty years. 
He had a fine, commanding presence, and a fervent, 
pleasing address, so that his preaching was exceed- 
ingly attractive, and crowds came to hear him 
when he preached, as he frequently did, in the 
towns about Boston. Genuine revivals of religion 
occurred under his ministry, and he was highly 
respected and beloved wherever he went. 

Mr. Paul was much impressed with the need of 
evangelical labor in the island of Hayti, and in 
1823 he offered himself to the Massachusetts Bap- 
tist Missionary Society as a missionary to the 
people of that island. He was accepted, and on 
reaching the field of his labor, addressed himself 
with great earnestness to his work. But his igno- 
rance of the French language made it impossible 
for him to reach the people whom he was especially 
desirous of influencing, and he returned to this 
country, once more to preach the gospel here. 
It has been said of him, " He was not an ordi- 
nary man. For without the advantages of a good 
education in early life he became distinguished 
as a preacher. His understanding was vigorous, 
his imagination was vivid, his personal appearance 
was interesting, and his elocution was graceful. 
We have heard him preach to an audience of more 
than one thousand persons, when he seemed to 
have command of their feelings for an hour to- 
gether. On baptismal occasions he was truly elo- 
quent. His arguments were unanswerable, and 
his appeals to the heart were powerful. The slow 
and gentle manner in which he placed candidates 
under the water and raised them up again pro- 
duced an indelible impression on the spectators, 
that they had indeed seen a 'burial with Christ in 
baptism} " Mr. Paul died April 14, 1831. 

Paulicians. — See Albigenses. 

Paullin, Rev. James Stratton, was born in 
Eufaula, Ala., June 7, 1837, and united with the 
Baptist church in that place in 1853 ; ordained in 
1858 ; then became pastor of the church in Clayton, 
where he remained until 1873 ; removed to Midway, 
and was pastor there for four years ; then pastor 
of Broad Street church, Mobile, one year ; then 



PA VET 



PEARCE 



5-eturned to his old charge at Clayton, where he 
l*einains. Mr. Paullin is an earnest Christian and 
u thorough Baptist, a working pastor, and a good 
preacher of the gospel. 

PaVey, Rev. Charles, was born in England, 
aiid licensed to preach by the Fifty-third Street 
church, New York, in 1849. In 1860 he was or- 
dained, and he took charge of the Hilltown church, 
Bucks Co., Pa., where he died in 1871. His min- 
istry as a licentiate and as a pastor was greatly 
blessed. He had an unusual measure of consecra- 
tion to God. His views of the doctrines of sover- 
eign grace were eminently Scriptural, and his pi-es- 
entation of them was very earnest and effective. 
The Hilltown church, so blessed by the labors of 
Father Mathias, felt the death of Mr. Pavey to be 
a heavy affliction. His memory is warmly cher- 
ished by the people and church of Hilltown. 

Paxton, E.ev. James Edwards, a useful pio- 
neer Baptist preacher in North Louisiana, by whose 
labors many of the churches in Bienville, Natchi- 
toches, Jackson, Claiborne, and Bossier Parishes 
were founded, was born in Kentucky in 1820; 
aided in the organization of Red River Association 
and the Louisiana Baptist State Convention, and 
as financial agent of Mount Lebanon University 
raised the principal part of the endowment of that 
institution. Removing to Texas, he became in 
succession pastor at Anderson, Washington, Inde- 
pendence, and Brenham ; died in 1876. 




'^^^^ 




REV. WILLIAM EDWARDS PAXTON. 

Paxton, Rev. William Edwards, was born in 
Little Rock, Ark., in 1825 ; graduated at George- 



town College, Ky., under the presidency of Howard 
Malcom, D.D., by whom he was baptized in 1845; 
removed to Louisiana in 1853, and engaged in the 
practice of law ; during the war served, with the 
rank of captain, in the Confederate army ; entered 
the ministry in 1864 and became pastor at Minden ; 
in 1873, president of Shreveport University ; in 
1877, corresponding secretary of the Southern Bap- 
tist Publication Society; in 1878, took charge of 
the Centennial Institute, Warren, Ark., where he 
now (1880) teaches .and preaches. He has con- 
tributed largely to the denominational literature of 
the South. Besides many articles as contributor 
or editor, he is the author of the following works : 
"Rights of Laymen," "Apostolic Church," " F.iith 
a Prerequisite to Church Membership," a premium 
essay published by American Baptist Publication 
Society, and "Endless Retribution." He is one 
of the ablest and most cultured ministers in the 
Baptist denomination. 

Pearce, Rev. Samuel, of Birmingham, Eng- 
land, was born in Plymouth, July 20, 1766. In 
boyhood he occasionally had distressing convictions 
of sin. When he was fifteen years of age he was 
in the house of a dying man, who, in despair, ex- 
claimed, " I am diimned forever." As the words 
fell upon the ear of the youth he was filled with 
horror for the fate of his father's dying friend, and 
with anguish for his own guilty state ; and though 
his distress on account of sin grew less, it was not 
until .about a year after, when the sermon of a man 
of God made him grieve over sin more deeply than 
ever, and pointed out to his hopeless soul the 
wounded Saviour, that the truth as it is in Jesus 
gave him peace. His heart was full of Christ, and 
completely relieved of all fears. He was blessed 
with full assurance of faith, and as a result, with 
joy unspeakable and full of glory. 

Soon after this, he made a covenant with Jeho- 
vah, signing it with his own blood, pledging him- 
self completely to the Lord. But though his heart 
was full of ardor, and his resolution firmly taken, 
it would seem that he trusted too much to himself, 
and he partly broke his vows ; in consequence of 
which he was overwhelmed with despair, until the 
cross with the agonizing Redeemer took the place 
of his violated covenant as his great source of com- 
fort. 

He was educated for the ministi-y at Bristol Col- 
lege, and during his stay there he was often en- 
gaged in preaching Jesus to the poor and neglected 
in and around that city, and his grand theme on 
these occasions was "The Sacrifice of Calvary." 

In the latter part of 1789 he was ordained pastor 
of the Cannon Street church, Birmingham, where 
his ministry was continued till he rested from his 
labors and his pains. 

At one period his mind was a little agitated in 



PEARCE 



PECK 



reference to Arminianism and Socinianism : he 
was then a young man weighing for the first time 
the shrewdest sophistries of the enemies of truth. 
But he was conipletely cured by a dangerous mal- 
ady which seized him, in the distresses and appre- 
hensions of which he saw that •' his diligence, 
faitlifulness, and unspotted life" were no props to 
sustain a departing soul, that only the omnipotent 
and guilt-atoning Saviour could protect him, and 
from that moment the perfect Lamb of his first re- 
ligious experience was his whole trust till he met 
him face to face. 

He was the friend of Carey and Fuller before 
Carey went to India, and he was one of the warm- 
est advocates of foreign missions that dwelt on 
earth since the Son of Mary came from his heavenly 
home on a foreign mission to this lost world. 
During his whole life after entering upon the min- 
istry, and while his health was unljroken, he had a 
continual struggle about going out as a missionary 
to India. His popularity as a minister was im- 
mense, his people loved him tenderly, his useful- 
ness showed that the seal of God was deeply im- 
pressed upon his ministry. The board of the Mis- 
sionary Society, at his request, gave an opinion 
upon his duty to go to the heathen, and their de- 
cision was that as he was more useful to foreign 
missions in England than he could be in India, he 
should remain in Birmingham ; nevertheless, his 
heart was in India with his friend Carey until he 
was carried by angels to his Saviour's presence in 
glory, lie rendered effective service to the cause 
of missions by his eloquent appeals in Birming- 
ham and in various parts of England, and also in 
Ireland. And in 1794 he wrote to Dr. Rogers, of 
Philadelphia, and made a rousing appeal to him to 
try and secure the formation of an American Bap- 
tist Foreign Missionary Society. 

Mr. Pearce died of consumption, Oct. 10, 1799, 
after a ministry of only ten years. His last illness 
was full of hope, patience, and the love of Christ. 

He had great faith in prayer, and he carried 
everything to the Saviour, with whom he wrestled 
with persevering importunity till the Lord revealed 
his will. He continually thirsted for the presence 
of God; life was nothing without it, nor any 
amount of earthly success or joy. His peace was 
unusual, and it was apparent to all that knew 
him. He was sure that his Saviour loved him. that 
nothing could hurt him, and that he had a home 
and a divine welcome awaiting him in the heavens, 
and he was one of the happiest of men. His love 
for God was all-engrossing and ever-enduring, and 
his love for men embraced every one, and in need- 
ful situations would give everything. He was like 
Fenelon, Robert Murray McCheyne, of Dundee, or 
the apostle John, the friend of God and the friend 
of man. And in his ten years' ministry he left an 



impression that lives in Birmingham, and in many 
parts of England to-day, though he has been in his 
grave for eighty-one years. Measured by useful- 
ness instead of years this young pastor preached for 
at'least a century. 

Peat, Rev. J. B., was bom in England, Sept. 
24, 1816. His father died in 1818, and his mother 
in 1824, and he was thus left an orphan at an early 
age. America had such attractions for the boy that 
he emigrated to the New World in his young man- 
hood, and when converted gave his whole heart and 
service to the cause of Christ, and won for himself 
much esteem as a zealous and conscientious preacher 
in some of the Western States. About the year 
1870 he visited California for his health, and re- 
ceived much benefit. He became pastor at the city 
of Red Bluff, where he died, Nov. 15, 1876. He 
was very active in temperance and other reform 
movements. He was the author of the following 
published works : " The Baptists Examined," 
" Sure," and " Parsonage Pencillings." 

Peay, Rev. John M., ■was born in Rutherford 
Co., Tenn., May 19, 1832. He removed to Ken- 
tucky in his youth. After attending the common 
schools, he finished his education, under the super- 
vision of Rev. Dr. J. S. Coleman, at Beaver Dam, 
Ohio Co., Ky. He united with the Sandy Creek Bap- 
tist church in 1853, was licensed to preach in 1854, 
and was ordained at Beaver Dam in 1857. In 
1858 he took charge of the Baptist church at South 
CarroUton, where he still labors. He has been pas- 
tor of three other churches most of the time since 
he was ordained. He is a powerful and practical 
preacher, and has been a very successful pastor. 
He is a vigorous writer, and has published several 
works, which have met with popular favor. He is 
also senior editor of The Student, an educational 
journal, published in South Carrollton. 

Peay, Rev. Richard Dawson, A.M., brother 

of John M. Peay, was born in Coffee Co., Tenn., 
Nov. 10, 1846. He was baptized into the fellow- 
ship of Green River Baptist church, in Ohio Co., 
Ky., in 1864. Entered Bethel College in 1866, 
graduated with the honor of his class in 1871, was 
ordained at South Carrollton in 1872, and im- 
mediately took pastoral charge of the Portland 
Avenue Baptist church in Louisville, Ky. After 
remaining three years he accepted a call to the 
church in Henderson, Ky. In 1879 he became the 
principal of the high school in Henderson, mean- 
while preaching on the Lord's day to the church 
at that place. 

Peck, Rev. A. C, -^as born June 25, 1846, at 
Munson, Geauga Co., 0. ; graduated at the Uni- 
versity of Wisconsin in 1866 ; taught high school 
at Freeport, 111., one year ; united with the Baptist 
church there, and was licensed to the ministry ; 
took a three years' course in the theological semi- 



PECK 8' 

nary at Rochester, N. Y., graduating in 1870 ; was 
called to the pastorate at Mumford, N. Y., but, on 
account of ill health, did not enter upon it ; came 
to Kansas in 1871 ; engaged in teaching and farm- 
ing. In 1872 taught in the university at Ottawa, 
and was called to the pastorate of the Baptist church 
there ; ordained in January, 1873 ; resigned on ac- 
count of failing health in 1874; elected superin- 
tendent of schools of Franklin Co., Kansas ; called 
to the First Baptist church, Lawrence, Kansas, in 
October, 1875, where he still ministers. 

Peck, Rev. Elijah, was born May 3, 1767, in 
Warren, Conn. Early in the spring of 1795 he 
removed from Cooperstown, N. Y., into the " Beech 
Woods," and settled in Mount Pleasant, Wayne 
Co., Pa. This journey, in company with his wife 
and three children, he performed with an ox-team 
and sled; modern luxuries were then unknown. 
In June, 1806, he received ordination. From 
March 3, 1808, until his decease, March 16, 1835, 
he was the esteemed pastor of the Mount Pleasant 
church, but, like all pioneer ministers, he performed 
a vast amount of work in regions round about. 
" His general appearance indicated great activity 
and power of endurance. His voice was musical 
and pleasant, and his manners afifaljle and mod- 
est." "He moved in a sphere of great useful- 
ness," and "served his own generation by the will 
of God." 

Peck, Rev. John, was born in Milan, Dutchess 
Co., N. Y., Sept. 11, 1780. He found full relief 
from sin, through faith in Jesus, in his eighteenth 
year, and was baptized. On the 11th of June, 
1806, he was ordained as pastor of the First church 
in Cazenovia, after preaching to the people for 
eighteen months. This relation continued until 
1835, when he resigned to give himself to more 
extended usefulness. There was spiritual pros- 
perity among his people when he left them, and 
his ministrjuiamong them had been greatly blessed. 
Six churches were organized chiefly from mem- 
bers dismissed from Cazenovia, and fifteen of her 
young men had been ordained .as pastors of other 
churches. It was the greatest trial of his life to 
break the holy tie that united him to his dear 
people. 

He was a warm friend of the Baptist Education 
Society of the State of New York, which established 
the Hamilton Literary and Theological Society, 
now Madison University. He was an active sup- 
porter of the Hamilton Baptist Missionary Society, 
which accomplished a great work for the Saviour 
over an extensive section of New York ; and when 
it was merged into the Baptist Missionary Conven- 
tion of the State of New York, he became the gen- 
eral agent of the new body, and served for fifteen 
years with abounding success. Mr. Peck was a 
good man, full of the Holy Spirit, whose name will 



> FECK 

ever be remembered with gratitude in the wide 
sphere in which his labors were performed. He 
died Nov. 15, 1849. 
Peck, John Mason, D.D., was bom in the 

parish of Litchfield, South Farms, Conn., Oct. 31, 
1789. His conversion took place in 1807, when he 
was eighteen years of age. He first united with 
the Congregational church in Litchfield. Re- 
moving, in 1811, to Windham, Greene Co., N. Y.. 
he became acquainted with the Baptists through 
the church, and through the pastor. Rev. H. Har- 
vey, in the adjoining town of New Durham. He 
had already become doubtful of Pedobaptist views 
and practices, and now, after further inquiry, hav- 
ing fully abandoned those views, he was baptized, 
Sept. 14, 1811, uniting with the church in New 
Durham. On the next day, by invitation of the 
church, he preached his first sermon, and was im- 
mediately licensed, and in 1813 w.as ordained as 
pastor of the Baptist church in Catskill. After a 
brief pastorate here, and another at Amenia, in 
Dutchess County, he accepted an agency in be- 
half of foreign missions, laboring under the guid- 
ance of Rev. Luther Rice. He then, 1816-17, had 
a year of study under Dr. Stoughton, of Philadel- 
phia. He was then appointed a missionary of the 
board of the Triennial Convention, to labor in St. 
Louis and vicinity. Thus began his AVestern career. 
July 25, 1817, he set out, with his wife and three 
children, in a covered wagon, upon the long jour- 
ney of 1200 miles to his field of labor, and on the 
1st of December reached St. Louis. His associate, 
Rev. James E. AVelch, had reached the field be- 
fore him. In 1822 he became a resident of Rock 
Spring, III., and this remained his home until his 
death. 

At Rock Spring, Dr. Peck, in connection with 
his missionary labors, now under the appointment 
of the Massachusetts Baptist Missionary Society, 
established a seminary for general and theological 
education, being aided in this, to some extent, by -^ 
Eastern friends. The seminary was certainly a 
successful one. It is said to have had at one 
time one hundred students. As another sphere 
of auxiliary labor, he began, April 25, 1828, the 
publication of a paper, — the Western Pioneer and 
Baptist. His work, in preaching, meantime, cov- 
ered a very wide region; while all the affairs of 
the Territory, soon to become the State of Illi- 
nois, engaged his intelligent and active interest. 
In due time the Rock Spring Seminary became 
united with the seminary at Upper Alton, now 
Shurtleff College. Dr. Peck, aside from other 
Labors, wrote largely. Among his works were 
"A Biography of Father Clark," "Emigrant's 
Guide," "Gazetteer of Illinois," "Annals of the 
West," and other works. He died at Rock Spring," 
March 24, 1857, in the sixty-eighth year of his 



PECK 



FEDDIE 



age. He was a man of many remarkable quali- 
ties, robust in intellect, stronn; in purpose, pos- 
itive in his opinions, and bold in their advocacy, a 
born missionary, and a thorough-going AVestern 
man. 

Peck, Solomon, D.D., vv'as born in Providence, 
Jan. 25, 1800. He early developed a taste for 
study, and was sufficiently advanced to enter the 
Sophomore class in Brovrn University vphen he was 
but thirteen years of age. He graduated in 1816, 
taught in the University grammar-school and in 
the college three years and a half; was a student 
at Andover four years, and was oi'dained a minister 
of the gnspel in 1823. He preached for a short 
time in North Yarmouth, Me., and subsequently 
for one of the churches in Charleston. S. C. He 
was appointed Professor of the Latin and Hebrew 
Languages in Amherst College in 1825. In 1832 
he visited France in the service of the American 
Baptist Board of Foreign Missions. A connection 
was thus commenced with foreign missions which 
had its influence on what proved to be the great 
life-work of Dr. Peck. As the secretary of the 
executive board for twenty hard-working years he 
performed an amount of clerical work of the mag- 
nitude and importance of which few persons can 
form any conception. He performed not only this 
home work, but, as an associate with the Rev. Dr. 
James N. Granger, he traveled extensively in Europe 
and Asia, visiting the stations of the Missionary 
Union, suggesting plans, setting things in order, 
and in many ways doing what lay in his power to 
advance the cause he so much loved. 

After resigning his position as secretary of the 
board in Boston he spent some time at Beaufort 
and Edisto Island, S. C, laboring for the mental 
and spiritual improvement of the colored race. His 
last public service was as chaplain to the Home for 
Disabled Soldiers, in Boston, and as secretary of 
the Freedmen's Aid Society. Dr. Peck died June 
12, 1874. 

Peckham, Rev. "WiUiam Augpistus, was born 

in 1810, in Euclid, 0., where he lived until he 
reached manhood, when he removed with his pa- 
rents to Ontario, N. Y. In early life he experi- 
enced religion, and united with the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. But about the year 1836 his 
religious views changed, and he united with the 
Baptist church in Lyons, N. Y., where he was then 
residing. In 1840 he was licensed to preach, and 
in 1845 was ordained by the Baptist church in Cas- 
-sadaga, N. Y., where he was settled as pastor. In 
1847 he came to Wisconsin and settled in -Jones 
County, devoting his ministry to the churches in 
Franklin and Highland. The following year he 
removed to Aztalan, -Jefferson Co., Wis., where he 
shortly afterwards died. He is remembered by the 
older ministers of the State as a very earnest and 



devout Christian minister, from whom much was 
hoped in those early pioneer days. 

Peckworth, Rev. John P., was born in Eng- 
land about 1770, and came to this country when he 
was thirteen years of age. He united with the 
First Baptist church in Wilmington, Del., but 
afterwards he removed to Philadelphia, and joined 
the First chui-ch in that city. He was ordained in 
1808, and the next year he and others formed the 
Third Baptist church of Philadelphia, of which he 
became the pastor. The new community prospered 
greatly under his earnest and godly ministrations, 
and became a strong body. In 1823 he went to 
Baltimore, and after some other changes of resi- 
dence and scenes of labor he died at Wilmington, 
March 7, 1845, in his seventy-fifth year, in the full 
enjoyment of a blessed hope through the blood of 
the Lamb. 

Peddle Institute. — Eaton's school at Hopewell 
was not forgotten when Brown University flour- 
ished and academies grew in other States. In 
1848 the subject of academic education was agi- 
tated in New Jersey, and schools were begun at 
Salem and Plainfield. 

" In 1863 the following decisive action was taken" 
by the Baptist State Convention held at Borden- 
ti)wn : 

" Resolved, That a committee be appointed to 
take into consideration the desirableness and pro- 
priety of making arrangements immediately for 
establishing a Literai-y Institution under the pa- 
tronage of our denomination in New Jersey." 

The next year, 1864, the following was adopted: 

" Resolved, That the efforts of brethren to estab- 
lish a first-class school at Hightstown, to be under 
the control of the Baptists, meet the hearty ap- 
proval of this body, and that we pledge to it our 
cordial support." 

In the month of March, 1866, a charter was first 
obtained. In 1867 the subject of a new building be- 
gan to be earnestly considered, and (two years after) 
on Oct. 26, 1869, it was formally opened as "The 
New -Jersey Classical and Scientific Institute." 

In 1872 the charter was so altered as to change 
the name to that of Peddie Institute, in honor of 
its munificent donor, Hon. T. B. Peddie, of Newark. 
Mr. Peddie's gifts and subscription to this insti- 
tute now amount to more than S50.000. And be- 
sides him the names of such men as Colgate, Trevor, 
Wyckoff, Van Wickle, Judges Runyon and Cook, 
Hon. D. M. Wilson, Rev. W. V. Wilson, and many 
others good and true, are to be remembered for 
their large donations, as well as the masses of 
Baptists who gave liberally to secure the valuable 
property at Hightstown. During its brief exist- 
ence it has furnished many students who in the 
professions and in mercantile life have been a 
credit to the school and the denomination. Under 



PEDDIE 



PEDDIE 



Prof. E. J. Avery and his corps of teachers it is 
steadily progressing. 

The building consists of a centre and wings in 
line. It is 255 feet in length, five stories high, in- 
cluding basement and attic. The three middle 
stories of the wings contain eighty-four rooms for 
students and teachers, each room designed to ac- 
commodate two occupants. In the attics are the 
rooms for the literary societies, and in the ladies' 
building, the music-rooms ; the rest is occupied for 
dormitories. The basement in the north wing 
contains the school-room for the primary depart- 
ment, artists' rooms, suite of rooms for teachers, and 
four rooms for students. 

The kitchen, laundry, steward's private rooms, 
servants' sleeping-rooms, and steward's office are 
situated in the basement of the south wing. The 
basement of the centre contains the dining-room ; 
the first story, the small chapel in the rear, and the 
parlors in front ; the second story, two school-rooms 
in front, and three recitation-rooms in the rear ; 
the third story, the laboratory and lecture-room in 
the rear, and three rooms for library cabinets in the 
front. The attic is designed for a large chapel or 
temporally gymnasium. Water-tanks are situated 
at the extreme ends of each wing, under the roof, 
supplying water to each story, by means of pipes, 
furnished with faucets, passing down through the 
end rooms in front. These are also designed for 
bath-rooms. The whole building is heated by ap- 
paratus in the cellar. 

Peddle, John, D.D., was born of Scotch parents, 
in Ancaster, Ontario, May 24, 1838 ; was converted 
when seventeen years of age, and pursued a full 
course of study at Madison University and Hamil- 
ton Theological Seminary, graduating from the 
latter institution in 1865. Settled at Watertown, 
N. Y., in 1865, and remained nearly three years. 
Became pastor of the Calvary church, Albany, 
N. Y., in May, 1868, and remained until March, 
1871, when he entered upon the pastorate of the 
Fourth church, Philadelphia. Here he remained 
for seven years and a half, when he received and 
accepted a pressing call to the Second church of 
Chicago, 111. In the spring of 1880 he became 
pastor of the First church of New York City. Re- 
ceived the degree of D.D. from Madison University. 

Dr. Peddie possesses remarkable pulpit power. 
His originality of thought, his clear and manly 
utterances, and his strong sympathetic nature en- 
able him to present the " glad tidings" with an 
almost irresistible magnetism. He has already 
baptized nearly 1000 converts, and has cheered and 
strengthened the faltering faith of many of God's 
children. The weak and the unfortunate always 
find in him a true friend, and few men have so 
largely won the love and regard of others. His 
services have been in frequent demand on special 



occasions, and by his sermons and lectures he has 
been a generous helper to many enterprises beyond 
the boundaries of his immediate church work. The 
close of his pastorate in Philadelphia was made the 




JOHX PEDDIE, D.D. 

occasion for a special meeting of the Philadelphia 
Baptist Social Union, at which the farewell greet- 
ings were mingled with many tender and eloquent 
testimonies to the value of his ministry and friend- 
ship. 

Peddle, Hon. Thomas B., is a native of Edin- 
burgh, Scotland. He received a good education, 
and in his youth was a great reader. He came to 
this country in 1833, and settled in Newark, N. J. 
By strict habits of industry and by remarkable 
ability his manufacturing establishment is now 
among the largest of the kind in the country. He 
has been twice mayor of Newark, the largest 
city in the State, twice in the State Legislature, 
and he served in the United States Congress of 
1876-78, in which he was placed upon important 
committees. He has also been president of the 
board of trade, and in foreign travel has ably rep- 
resented business interests. When a young man 
Mr. Peddie made a profession of religion, and was 
baptized by Rev. Mr. Brown. He united with the 
First Baptist church in Newark, and as a trustee 
was particularly active in the building of their fine 
commodious meeting-house. He takes a deep in- 
terest in all the affairs of the church. 

When the academy at Hightstown was in great 
straits Mr. Peddie's sympatliies were enlisted, and 
he gave it at one time a donation of $25,000. His 



PEIRCE 



896 



PELTZ 



benefactions since have increased this sum to more 
than $50,000. Mr. Peddie is a generous benefactor 




HON. THOMAS B. PEDDIE. 

of the Baptist denomination, whose record is an 
honor to us. 

Peirce Academy, Middleborough, Plymouth 
Co., Mass., was founded by deacon Levi Peirce, 
of Middleborough. Two purposes were kept in 
mind in the erection of the academy building in 
1808, — one was to furnish a hall suitable to hold 
public worship in, and the other to secure rooms 
for the use of the teachers who might have charge 
of the academy. Like so many institutions of a 
similar character, the first few years of its exist- 
ence were years of struggle and varied fortunes. 
Its history furnishes another illustration of the 
saying, that "it is hard to get up a Baptist insti- 
tution, and harder yet to kill it." In 1828, a place 
for public worship having been built by Deacon 
Peirce on the lot adjoining the academy, the 
meeting-house and the academy, with the lots on 
which they stood, were deeded to the Central Bap- 
tist Society : and subsequently the academy passed 
into the hands of trustees, an act of incorporation 
having been obtained from the Legislature of Mas- 
sachusetts for this purpose in 1835. In 1842 it 
came under the control of Prof. J. W. P. Jenks, 
and it is due to his energetic efforts and most per- 
sistent labors that the institution rose to the high 
rank which it attained among the academies of 
New England. A new school building was erected, 
valuable apparatus and cabinets were .secured, and 
the institution in all its departments was pervaded 



with new life. Hundreds of young men and young 
ladies have been educated within the walls of the 
academy, and to the entire section of country in 
which it is located it has proved to be the source 
of untold good. Too much praise cannot be awarded 
to Prof. Jenks for the efforts he has put forth and 
the personal sacrifices he has made in behalf of the 
institution, to which he has given twenty-nine of 
the best years of his life. He closed his connection 
with it in 1871. Its present principal is Mr. George 
H. Cof&n. 

Pella, Iowa, — " The City of Refuge,"' — was set- 
tled by Hollanders. A Baptist church was early 
organized in it, which has grown in usefulness and 
numbers. It has a good edifice, recently erected, 
and its prospects are very encouraging. 

The Iowa Central University, one of the educa- 
tional institutions of the Iowa Baptists, has been 
located at Pella, and for years has been success- 
fully prosecuting its work. 

Pelot, E.ev. Francis, a native of Switzerland, 
was born March 11, 1720. His parents were Pres- 
byterians, and gave their son a tine education. He 
came to South Carolina in 1734, and joined the 
Baptists about 1744. He was probably the first 
pastor of the Euham church, and he continued in 
the office until his death, in 1774. He held a very 
high place in the denomination, as was to be ex- 
pected because of his talents, piety, and wealth. 
Mr. Edwards once said of him, " He possesses 
three islands and about 3785 acres on the conti- 
nent, with slaves and stock in abundance. This 
(said he) I mention, not to flatter my friend Pelot, 
but in hope that his conduct may influence other 
wealthy planters to preach the gospel among 
the poor Baptists when God inclines their hearts 
to it." He was very useful in spreading the gos- 
pel in South Carolina. 

Peltz, George Alexander, D.D., was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., May 2, 1833. His ancestry was 
German on his fiither's side, and Scotch on his 
mother's. His father, Alexander M. Peltz, died at 
an early age, but he had become prominent as a 
State politician, and especially as an acceptable 
political speaker. Under the care of a pious 
mother the subject of this sketch became an at- 
tendant at the Spruce Street Baptist church and 
Sunday-school. This was under the pastorates of 
the Rev. Dr. Rufus Babcock and the Rev. Thomas 
0. Lincoln. He subsequently attended the Second 
Baptist church of Southwark, Philadelphia, after- 
wards known as the Calvary Baptist church. Here 
he found the Lord, and was baptized by the Rev. 
John A. McKean, Jan. 5, 1851. One year later 
he began preparation for college, and entered the 
Freshman class at Lewisburg, Pa., in the fall of 
1853. 

During his college course he labored quite exten- 



PEMBERTON 



PENDLETON 



sively among the churches of the vicinity, espe- 
cially at Sunbury, Northumberland, Muncy, and 
Hughesburg. He also took the lectures and other 
studies of the theological department begun at 
Lewisburg in 1855. He graduated as valedictorian 
of his class in 1857, and at once proceeded to New 
York City, where, on August 1, he took charge of 
a mission interest founded by two generous Bap- 
tists, and located in Continental Hall, corner of 
Eighth Avenue and Thirty-fourth Street. From 
this mission the Pilgrim Baptist church was or- 
ganized, Oct. 7, 1857. Mr. Peltz remained here as 
pastor for eight years, leaving a united church of 
402 members, with a good house of worship and a 
hopeful outlook. 

In October, 1865, he became pastor of the Tab- 
ernacle Baptist church of Philadelphia, remaining 
there until March 31, 1871. During his pastorate 
the church cleared off its entire indebtedness, thor- 
oughly revised its i-oll, and was largely increased 
in membership. Mr. Peltz then devoted himself 
entirely to Sunday-school work until the end of 
1872. In Convention and Institute efforts he trav- 
eled over nearly all the States east of the Missis- 
sippi. In January, 1873, he settled with the South 
Baptist church of Newark, N. J. In January, 1870, 
he returned to Philadelphia to assume the associate 
editorship of the The Sunday- School Times. In 
November, 1877, he removed into the Chautauqua 
region, so famous in Sunday-school work, and be- 
came pastor of the First Baptist church of James- 
town, N. Y. 

In 1869, Mr. Peltz edited the first series of les- 
sons issued by the American Baptist Publication 
Society. He was the first editor of The Baptist 
Teacher, and held that post for three years. lie 
previously edited a Sunday-school department in 
The National Baptist, and subsequently a similar 
department in The Independent. He contributed 
largely to the leading Sunday-school papers and 
lesser publications of the land. He was a member 
of the Executive Committee of the International 
Sunday-School Convention for ten years. He pre- 
sided over this body at its session in Baltimore, 
in April, 1875. He was chairman of the Bap- 
tist National Sunday-School Convention at St. 
Louis in 1869. For three years he was president 
of the Pennsylvania State Sunday-School Conven- 
tion, and for two years its corresponding secretary. 
He was for nearly two years associate editor of 
The Sunday- School Times. At present he resides 
in Philadelphia. 

Pemberton Baptist Church, at Pemberton 

(formerly New Mills), a pleasant village in Bur- 
lington Co., N. J., surrounded by a rich and beau- 
tiful farming country. Its real founder was Fran- 
cis Briggs, probably a member of the Cohansey 
church, who settled at New Mills in 1750: invited 



Baptist ministers to preach at his house; seven 
were converted and baptized, and a small meeting- 
house erected in 1752. A noble example of fidelity 
and activity worthy of imitation by every isolated 
BaplHst! He died in 1763. In 1764 the church 
was constituted with nine members. Rev. Peter P. 
Van Horn pastor. It is counted as the eleventh, 
as to date of constitution, among existing regular 
Baptist churches in the State. It immediately 
united with the Philadelphia Association ; in 1812 
transferred its membership to the New Jersey As- 
sociation (now West New Jersey), formed in 1811. 
Prior to 1816 the following were pastors : Revs. 
Peter P. Van Horn, David Branson, David Lough- 
borough, Alexander Magowan, Isaac Carlile, Isaiah 
Stratton. At that date the membership was 164. 
Rev. John Rogers, who was successful in doctrin- 
ating and building up the church, was pastor from 
1816 to 1828. A second and larger house of worship 
was erected in 1823. Then the following pastors: 
Revs. C. W. Mulford, 1830-35, a time of ingather- 
ing; Timothy Jackson, two years; J. G. Collom, 
seven years, chapel erected in a more central loca- 
tion, for evening meetings and Sunday-school ; D. 
S. Parmalee, about five years ; L. C. Stevens, very 
brief pastorate ; S. M. Shute, three years, during 
which the present parsonage was bought; Thomas 
Goodwin, three years. Rev. Levi G. Beck's pas- 
torate (1859-64) was signalized by the erection, in 
1861, of the present pleasant and commodious house 
of worship, centrally and conveniently located. 
Rev. J. H. Parks was pastor from 1864 to 1869; 
Rev. James AV. Willmarth from 1869 to 1878. 
Various improvements made. Present pastor, 
Rev. J. C. Buchanan. 

From the constitution of the church until now 
(May, 1880) 911 have been baptized. Present 
number, 184. 

This ancient church is the mother of several 
churches in the vicinity, has always been self- 
supporting, has had no debts or mortgages on its 
property, and has been favored repeatedly with 
precious revivals. Its membership has been loyal 
to Baptist principles, kind to pastors, and inter- 
ested in the general work of the denomination. 
The field does not, perhaps, give promise of spe- 
cially rapid growth, but the church is firmly es- 
tablished, has had much faithful instruction, and 
will doubtless live and prosper. It has sent out 
several able ministers, has had among its lay 
members men of steadfast piety and of influence 
and usefulness, and is dear to all who have been 
connected with it or have labored with it in the 
ministry. 

Pendleton, James Madison, D.D., was born 

Nov. 20, 1811, in Spottsylvania Co., Va. His pa- 
rents, John and Frances J. Pendleton, removed to 
Christian Co., Ky., when he was one year old, and 



PENDLETON 



PENGILLY 



settled upon a farm near the present village of 
Pembroke. Upon this farm he lived until he was 
twenty years old. During the winter seasons he 
attended the best schools the community afforded, 
and with the judicious training of his excellent 
parents he was better educated than the average 
farmer boy. 

At fifteen he became interested in the subject of 
religion, but his convictions did not result in con- 
version until he was seventeen, when he united 
with the Bethel church, near Pembroke. He was 
baptized by Rev. John S. Wilson, April 14, 1829. 

In February, 1831, he was licensed to preach, 
and began the work of the ministry before he was 
twenty years of age. 

He is the only licentiate ever sent forth by the 
Bethel church to this date (1878). Unum sed Leo- 
nem. In 1833 he entered the Christian County 
Seminary at Hopkinsville, and took a three years' 
course of instruction in the Latin and Greek clas- 
sics, meantime preaching for the Plopkinsville and 
Bethel churches alternate Sundays. At the former 
church he was ordained Nov. 1, 1833. In 1837 he 
accepted the call of the church in Bowling Green, 
Ky., and entered upon a pastorate of twenty years. 
Soon after this settlement he foi'meJ the acquaint- 
ance of Miss Catharine Stockton Garnett, of Glas- 
gow, Ky., who became his wife in 1838. By her 
pietj'' and abounding good works she has proved 
herself to be a model pastor's wife. They have 
four children living, three of whom are wives of 
professional gentlemen, and the other, a son, is a 
lawyer in the city of Philadelphia. 

During his twenty years' pastorate at Bowling 
Green, in 1849, Dr. Pendleton cordially espoused 
Henry Clay's gradual emancipation measures, and 
supported them by many newspaper publications. 
The vote of the State, however, was largely against 
those measures, and slavery remained unchanged 
till the " civil war" wrought its overthrow. 

In 1857, Dr. Pendleton was elected Professor of 
Theology in Union University, Murfreesborough, 
Tenn. He had ever esteemed the pastorate his 
office and preaching his function in life, and would 
accept the professorship only with the proviso that 
he should have a pastorate also. Arrangements 
were made at once that he should become pastor 
of the Baptist church in Murfreesborough, and he 
removed to his new field, where he remained until 
the civil war laid its paralyzing hand upon church 
and college. The unquenchable loyalty of the man 
made it necessary for him to remove to the North- 
ern States. After a short settlement of three years, 
from 1862 to 1865, at Hamilton, 0., he removed, in 
November, 1865, to Upland, Pa., where he has ever 
since been the highly esteemed and faithful pastor. 

At an early day. Dr. Pendleton became an almost 
constant writer for the denominational press and 



for the local papers of his community. Of this 
kind of literature few men except editors are so 
prolific. Besides, he has published many books, 
pamphlets, tracts, and sermons, such as " Three 
Reasons why I am a Baptist," " Church Manual," 
" Treatise on the Atonement," " Sermons on Im- 
portant Subjects," " Christian Doctrines, a Com- 
pendium of Theology," the last of which is gener- 
ally conceded to be a masterly production, concise, 
logical, orthodox, and comprehensive, and supply- 
ing a long felt want in the curriculum of theologi- 
cal education and in the libraries of Christian 
households. 

Dr. Pendleton is a hard student, devoting his 
morning hours to his study, which he keeps well 
stocked with only the best and most approved 
evangelical literature, and history, biography, and 
philosophy. His impatience with irreverence and 
looseness guards his library from the intrusion of 
liberalism and trash. 

He preaches as he writes, after a well-defined 
model or plan, from which he seldom swerves even 
in the most impassioned eff'orts. He is methodical 
in his work, and resolutely follows his prearranged 
plans, alternating study with pastoral visitation 
with a regularity few men can maintain. He is 
devout, serious, conscientious, and yet highly ap- 
preciates good wit and humor, and is ready and 
judicious in the use of them. He is of medium 
height, well proportioned, firm of step as of con- 
victions, a sincere friend, generous to every good 
cause according to his ability, unostentatious and 
affable with his friends, reserved among strangers, 
and cautious of his associations. His integrity of 
character and honesty of conviction are absolutely 
above suspicion, and are due to his abiding, un- 
siiaken trust in God. 

Pengilly, E.ev. Richard, author of the "Scrip- 
tural Guide to Baptism," was a native of Penzance, 
Cornwall, England, where he was born Sept. 14, 
1782. In early life he was a member of the AVes- 
leyan Methodist body. Like Samuel, he was de- 
voted to God in his childhood. A baptismal ser- 
vice and a sermon by the Rev. Isaiah Birt attracted 
his attention to the principles of the Baptists, and 
in 1802 he was baptized, and became one of the 
constituent members of the newly-formed Baptist 
church at Penzance. He had been licensed as 
a local preacher among the Methodists, and his 
Baptist brethren encouraging him to exercise his 
gifts, he was received as a student at Bristol Col- 
lege, and pursued the usual course of study until 
1807, when he was sent to Newcastle-on-Tyne as a 
probationer. Having received a call to the pastorate 
there, he was ordained Aug. 12, 1807, and continued 
to minister to the same church until 1845, when he 
retired from all pastoral work. Although he never 
accepted another charge, he occupied himself with 



PENICK 



PENN 



various evangelical and benevolent engagements 
which his strength permitted until his death, 
March 22, 1865, in his eighty-third year. During 
his long pastorate at Newcastle he did good service. 
He established the first Sunday-school in the town 
among the evangelical Non-Conformists, and pro- 
moted the formation of the local Bible and tract 
societies. His denominational work was of great 
value in the district. He published '' Seven Letters 
to the Society of Friends on the Nature and Per- 
petuity of Baptism" and several tracts, some of 
which had a wide circulation. His " Scripture 
Guide to Baptism" has passed through many edi- 
tions, and has been translated into the German and 
other European tongues. Probably no other book 
on the subject has had such a wide diffusion, or been 
more generally useful. 

Penick, Rev. Wm. Sydnor, was born in Hali- 
fax Co., Va., May 12, 1836. His father, William 
Penick, being a planter in easy circumstances, his 
early educational advantages were the best that 
could be secured. After prosecuting his studies for 
four years under a tutor employed in the family, 
he entered a school under the care of the Rev. A. 
M. Poindexter, D.D. At the age of fourteen, his 
father designing him for mercantile life, he was 
placed in a store, where he remained for three 
years. About this time he was converted, and was 
baptized by the Rev. James Longanacre. At the 
close of his three years' service in business he re- 
solved to pursue his studies, and entered an acad- 
emy in his native county. Afterwards, in 1855, he 
became a student in Richmond College, where he 
graduated in 1858, with the degree of A.B. In the 
fall of 1858 he was ordained to the work of the 
gospel ministry, and early in 1859 took charge of 
the Baptist church in Chatham, the county-seat of 
Pittsylvania, Va. In the summer of 1861 he en- 
tered the army of the Southern Confederacy as cap- 
tain of a company. In 1868 he resigned the care 
of the church in Chatham, and, having removed 
to the Shenandoah Valley, became pastor of sev- 
eral churches in Jefferson and Berkeley Counties, 
W. Va. In 1870 he settled in Martinsburg, taking 
exclusive charge of a church which he had organ- 
ized there, and directing the building of a hand- 
some house of worship. While a resident of this 
place he was elected superintendent of the public 
schools in Martinsburg and Berkeley Counties, and 
served for two years with great efficiency. About 
this time Richmond College conferred on him the 
honorary degree of A.M. In 1874 he entered upon 
his present field of labor as pastor of the First 
Baptist church in Alexandria, Va., where his labors 
have been greatly blessed in enlarging the mem- 
bership and increasing its influence for good. Mr. 
Penick is honored for his worth and labors not only 
by his own congregation but by all who know him. 



Penn, Admiral Sir William, was born in Eng- 
land in 1621. His father, the captain of a merchant 
vessel, taught him his own profession so thoroughly 
that early in life he was one of the ablest mariners 
in the British islands. The Mediterranean at thnt 
period was full of pirates, whose vessels were the 
swiftest that plowed its waters ; the crews of 
these ships were skillful and reckless men, who shed 
blood without pity, and enslaved freemen without 
remorse. The son of Captain Giles Penn learned 
his calling in the ocean specially scoui'ged by the 
pirates, and as a matter of necessity he was a fight- 
ing mariner. At the age of twenty-three William 
was appointed a captain in the Royal navy, and 
was ordered to take charge of the " Fellowship," of 
twenty-eight guns. He rose rapidly to the highest 
commands in the navy ; before he was thirty years 
of age he was vice-admiral of the Irish seas ; and, 
though he died when he was only forty-nine years 
of age, he was an admiral and general of the Brit- 
ish fleet, and had rendered brilliant services to his 
country. 

Some Baptists for yeai-s have been under the 
impression that Penn held their faith. David 
Benedict and Curtis make this statement; and 
many others in comparatively recent times. Crosby 
and Ivimey do not. Neither does a single writer 
competent to bear testimony on such a question. 
Southey says that " Sir John Lawson was a rigid 
Anabaptist," others of an earlier day assert the 
same thing. But while the religion of the one dis- 
tinguished admiral is frequently stated, the de- 
nomination of the other during the doubtful period 
of his life is not named. Granville Penn, the 
great-grandson of Sir William, says, "His church 
was the Church of England, by whose services he 
was baptized and buried, and to which he adhered 
when it could he found.'' He, no doubt, was bap- 
tized in the Episcopal Church, but so were many 
thousands of Baptists in his day. And his being 
buried with the Episcopal service affords no evi- 
dence that he was an Episcopalian. He died in 
1670. under the restored Stuarts, when nothing but 
the Episcopal service would be tolerated in the 
parish church of Redclyffe, Bristol, where he was 
interred. Moreover, a man of Sir William's char- 
acter under the Stuarts was certain to be a member 
of the church patronized by the powerful. Gran- 
ville Penn states that Sir William adhered to the 
Church of England (Episcopalianism) " when it 
could be found." Daniel Neal says that in 1641 
"the old English hierarchy was suspended, and 
lay prostrate for about eighteen years.'' Macaulay 
says, " The Puritans interdicted (in England), 
under heavy penalties, the use of the Book of Com- 
mon Prayer, not only in churches, but even in pri- 
vate houses. It was a crime in a child to read, by 
the bedside of a sick parent, one of those beautiful 



PENN 



900 



PENN 



collects which had soothed the griefs of forty gen- 
erations of Christians." Episcopalianism was out- 
lawed in England for years. During this period 
Sir William Penn never hinted that his preferences 
were for the Episcopal Church. He would have 
been, during a large part of the interregnum, in- 
stantly removed from his command if he had. It 
is extremely probable that the politic admiral, es- 
pecially just before the Protectorate, was a friend 
of the Baptists. His interests required him to be 
a Congregationalist or a Baptist, and these were of 
supreme moment with Sir William Penn. Baptist 
principles were extensively held in the navy, and 
they were entertained by his chief friends. So 
that it is not unlikely that he pretended to favor 
Baptist doctrines. But we know of no authority 
for the common tradition that Penn was a member 
of any Baptist church or congregation. 

Sir William Penn owed his entire position in the 
navy to the enemies of the Stuarts. The Parlia- 
ment first, and Cromwell afterwards, gave him 
promotion and wealth. When he was about to 
leave for the West Indies in charge of a fleet of 
thirty-eight vessels of war, according to Granville 
Penn, at his own request, he received from Crom- 
well lands in Ireland worth £300 per annum, " as 
they were let in 1640," to make up for his losses. 
On the 4th of December, 1654, the Protector him- 
self wrote to the Loi-d-deputy and Council in Ire- 
land ordering the speedy selection of the lands given 
to Penn, and Cromwell directs that they should 
be chosen " where there is a castle, or convenient 
house of habitation upon them, and near to some 
garrison for security." Cromwell gives as a reason 
for the special interest which he showed in Penn's 
lands, that the admiral " is now engaged in further 
service for the Commonwealth in the present ex- 
pedition by sea, and cannot himself look after the 
settling of the said estate." The expedition was 
the disastrous West Indian undertaking led by 
Penn and Venables. 

After all the favors which the Parliament and 
Cromwell could grant Penn, on the 25th of De- 
cember, a few days after he left Spithead, he sent 
word to Prince, subsequently Charles II., that he 
was ready to place the whole fleet at his disposal, 
and run it into any port he might designate. 
Granville Penn admits this, and accounts for it by 
the desire of his ancestor to see the king supplant 
Cromwell " as the only means of restoring health 
and soundness to his disordered country." Clar- 
endon records Penn's treacherous act. Penn's ac- 
ceptance of the command of the expedition, and 
his seeking and obtaining a very valuable grant 
from Cromwell, make the proposed surrender of 
his fleet to Charles II. an infamous offer. It was 
the deliberate and wicked expression of a deceitful 
and selfish heart. 



Penn was thrown into prison after his return 
from the West Indies, and, according to Dixon, he 
sent a humble petition to the Council, in which he 
confessed his faults and threw himself upon the 
mercy of Cromwell, who generously restored him 
to freedom. After this, pretending to give up pol- 
itics, he retired to Ireland, and upon the very estate 
given him by the Protector "he used his whole in- 
fluence to prepare in secret a way for the return of 
the exiled princes." And on the deposition of 
Richard Cromwell, even Monk was not a more un- 
blushing betrayer of the liberties of his country 
than Admiral Penn. Charles II. knighted him in 
Holland for his treason to the people of England. 
Dixon, in his "Historical Biography of William 
Penn," says of the admiral, "The cavalier who 
stood by his prince through all the changes of for- 
tune may be admired, even by a Republican ; but 
for the man who seeks a trust merely to betray it, 
who uses the sword to strike the hand he voluntarily 
swears to defend, no term of reprehension is too 
strong. Admiral Penn's case was one of peculiar 
baseness, for he added ingratitude to treason." 
The American army, in the Revolution, had one 
notorious general who tried to serve the king of 
England in the spirit which governed Admiral 
Penn. 

William Penn, the founder of this State, learned 
his ideas of liberty from Algernon Sidney, and not 
from his father, who never was a Baptist. His 
views of freedom were broad and generous for that 
day. But the Baptists before and during his time 
were far in advance of Penn or his teachers in their 
knowledge and application of religious liberty. 
Hepworth Dixon says that at Chester, in 1682, 
Penn's fii-st legislative assembly met in the 
Friends' meeting-house with the great Quaker, 
and they passed laws in conformity with Penn's 
"Frame of Government," issued by him in London 
some time before. One of these gave liberty to the 
people to believe " any doctrines not destructive to 
the peace and honor of civil society," and another 
declared " that every Christian man of twenty-one 
years of age, unstained by crime, should he eligible 
to elect or he elected a member of the Colonial Par- 
liament." According to this law, no Israelite or 
unbeliever in Christ could vote in Penn's terri- 
tories. This was AVilliam Penn's own doctrine. 
In Rhode Island, in 1647, under the guidance of 
Roger Williams, laws were made giving equal lib- 
erty to men of all creeds and of none. And this 
was the doctrine of Baptists for ages before that 
time. 

See Southey's " Lives of the British Admirals," 
V. 240. London, 1837. " Memorials of Sir Wil- 
liam Penn," by Granville Penn, i. 94 ; ii. 17, 20 ; 
ii. 15, 141. London, 1833. Neal's "History of the 
Puritans," ii. 466. Dublin, 1755. Macaulay's 



PENNEPEK 



901 



PENNSYLVANIA 



"History of Enrrland," i. 125. Boston, 1854. 
Clarendon's " History of the Rebellion," iii. 576. 
Oxford, 1706. William Hepworth Dixon's " His- 
torical Biography of William Penn," 23, 25, 27, 201, 
202. 

Pennepek, or Lower Dublin Church.— This 
is the oldest Baptist church in Pennsylvania. The 
Cold Spring church existed before it, but dissolved 
in a few years. Its edifice is in the twenty-third 
ward of Philadelphia, in a beautiful rural region, 
a few rods from the Pennepek Creek, where candi- 
dates have been immersed from the organization 
of the chur&h. This church is the seat (cathedra) 
from which the influences and the men went forth 
who organized the earliest churches in Pennsylva- 
nia and in New Jersey. 

It was founded by Elias Keach, whose father 
was a distinguished Baptist minister and author in 
London, in the month of January, 1688. Its con- 
stituent members were Elias Keach, John Eaton, 
George Eaton and Jane, his wife, Sarah Eaton, 
Samuel Jones, John Baker, Samuel Vaus, Joseph 
Ashton and Jane, his wife, William Fisher, and 
John Watts. Mr. Keach was elected pastor, and 
Samuel Vaus was chosen and ordained a deacon. 
Mr. Keach was an apostle in zeal and labors to 
win souls to Jesus. He preached in Philadelphia, 
Chester, Salem, Middletown, Cohansey, Burling- 
ton, Trenton, and elsewhere. The Lord greatly 
blessed these missionary efforts, and a branch of 
the Pennepek church was formed in each preach- 
ingstation. Morgan Edwards saysof these branches, 
" They were all one church, and Pennepek the cen- 
tre of union, where as many as could met to cele- 
brate the death of Christ; and for the sake of distant 
members they administered the ordinance quarterly 
at Burlington, Cohansey, Salem, and Philadelphia." 
In about three years Middletown, Piscataqua, and 
Cohansey became churches." Mr. Keach i-eturned 
to England in 1692. John Watts, a member of the 
church, succeeded Mr. Keach as pastor. In 1700, 
Mr. Watts, at the request of the church, prepared a 
catechism, which was also intended for a confession 
of faith, and the work was published that year. In 
1707 a house of worship was ei-ected near the site 
of the present church ; the building was 25 feet 
square. In 1770 a new house was built, 33 by 30. 
The third church edifice was reared in 1805, and it 
stands to-day a substantial and capacious struc- 
ture, around which hallowed memories cluster. 
Many other churches, including the First Baptist 
church of Philadelphia, owe their origin to the 
Pennepek community. 

During a period of six years there were no bap- 
tisms in the Pennepek church, though it was fa- 
vored by the pastoral labors of Dr. Samuel Jones, 
one of the most talented and godly men that 
preached the gospel in the United States. At the 



close of this time of barrenness a revival commenced 
in 1804, wiiich lasted for about six years. 

The Pennepek church is a iiieml)er of the Phila- 
delphia Association at this day, which came into 
existence under her auspices. The church has had 
twenty pastors, and has sent forth twenty-two per- 
sons to preach the gospel. 

Pennsylvania Baptists.— Thomas Dungan, an 
old minister, came from Rhode Island to the col- 
ony of Penn in 1684. He gathered a church at 
Cold Spring, near Bristol, Bucks County, " of 
which," says Morgan Edwards in 1770, "nothing 
remains but a grave-yard and the names of the 
families that belonged to it, — the Dungans, Gard- 
ners, Woods, Doyles, etc." He died in 1688, and 
was buried at Cold Spring. Even the grave-yard 
has disappeared now, and only the foundations of 
a wall can be traced, which formed a part of the 
church or a portion of the cemetery wall. The 
church itself disbanded after a brief but useful ex- 
istence. 

The second church founded in Pennsylvania was 
the Lower Dublin, or Pennepek. In the year 1686, 
Elias Keach, of London, a wild young man, arrived 
in Philadelphia. He dressed in black and wore 
bands to pass for a minister. He obtained an op- 
portunity to preach in the house of a Baptist in 
Lower Dublin, and when he had spoken for some 
time he "stopped short, looked like a man aston- 
ished, and the audience concluded that he had been 
seized with some sudden disorder." But they 
speedily learned that he was deeply convicted of 
sin. He went to Father Dungan, of Cold Spring, 
who pointed him to Jesus ; he soon had peace in 
believing, and he was baptized and ordained by 
Mr. Dungan. He form-ed a church of twelve per- 
sons at Pennepek in January, 1688, and became 
their pastor. He labored with burning zeal, and, 
considering the difficulties, with astonishing suc- 
cess, through Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and 
established missions at "the Falls (Trenton), Bur- 
lington, Cohansey, Salem, Pennsneck, Chester, and 
Philadelphia," and he maintained preaching at 
Cold Spring and Middletown. He had the zeal of 
an enthusiast, and " he was considered the chief 
apostle of the Baptists in these parts of America." 
He returned to his birthplace in 1692, but the mis- 
sions in several cases became churches, and the 
spirit he planted in these communities created the 
Philadelphia Association a few years after he left 
the colony. 

The Great Valley church was constituted in 
1711. The Brandywine church was formed in 
1715. The Montgomery church was organized in 
1719. The Tulpehocken church was founded in 
1738, and the Southampton in 1746. The Phila- 
delphia church had an existence either as a branch 
of Lower Dublin or as an independent community 



PENNSYLVANIA 



PENNSYLVANIA 



from 1698, the former is the more probable. But 
in 1746, to settle doubts on this question and to 
protect legacies, the church was formally incorpo- 
rated. The New Britain church was organized in 
1754, and the Vincent in 1770. 

Since our national independence was secured, 
about 200 churches have arisen in the counties east 
of the Susquehanna River and its North Branch. 
Some of these became extinct, or changed names 
and locations, so that a clear and complete sketch 
of them all, however interesting, would be entirely 
impracticable in this work. 

The first known English Baptist preacher on the 
Susquehanna was the first person named as slain 
in the first Wyoming massacre, in 1763. He was 
AVilliam Marsh, a New England Separatist, but 
came from Wantage, N. J., into Pennsylvania. 
The first church was formed in Pittston,in Decem- 
ber, 1776. The first Baptists in Northern Penn- 
sylvania were from Connecticut, Rhode Island, 
Massachusetts, Virginia, New York, and New Jer- 
sey. They were Revolutionary soldiers and pio- 
neers of the settlements, both ministers and private 
members. 

A portion of Southwestern Pennsylvania was 
taken up by Virginians. There were Baptists 
among them, and a church was founded at Augh- 
wick, Huntingdon Co., in 1776 ; at Konoloway, 
Bedford, in 1764 ; at Sideling Hill, Fulton, in 1790 ; 
at Turkeyfoot, Somerset, in 1775; at Great Bethel 
(Uniontown), Fayette, in 1770 ; at Goshen, Greene, 
in 1773; at Peter's Creek, Washington, in 1773; 
at Pigeon Creek, in 1775; Loyalhanna, in 1775; 
Forks of Yough, in 1777. Enon church arose in 
1791; Beulah, Cambria Co., in 1797; Pittsburgh 
in 1812. These facts show the progress of settle- 
ments, without attempting details of the scores of 
churches which have arisen on and west of the Sus- 
quehanna. 

ASSOCIATIONS 

are yearly meetings of messengers of churches 
combining for spiritual improvement, to ascertain 
changes, and to confer as to measures for promoting 
their sentiments. Their powers are advisory. The 
following are the regular Baptist Associations in 
Pennsylvania : 

1707. — Philadelphia, the first Association in 
America, now 174 years old. 

1776.— Redstone, in Southwestern Pennsylvania, 
finally absorbed by others about 1841. 

1807. — Abington, in Lackawanna County, and 
west and north of it. 

1809. — Beaver, on west central border of the 
State. 

1821. — Northumberland, in the east-central 
(Lewisburg) region. 

1823. — French Creek, in the northwest corner of 
the State. 



1826. — Bridgewater, out of old Susquehanna, in 
Susquehanna County and eastern Bradford. 

1830. — Centre, a missionary body in the Juniata 
River region. 

1831. — Central Union, in and west of Philadel- 
phia. ' 

1832. — Monongahela, a missionary body, south- 
ward of Pittsburgh. 

1835. — Bradford, North, mostly from Old-School 
Chemung. 

1837. — Clarion, north- central, west of the Alle- 
ghany Mountains. 

1839. — Pittsburgh, in and around that city. 

1843. — Wyoming, from Bridgewater, in Wyo- 
ming and Luzerne Counties. 

1843. — Tioga, from Bradford, mostly in Tioga 
County, northern tier. 

1847. — Clearfield, central, both sides of the Alle- 
ghanies. 

1848.— North Philadelphia, from Philadelphia 
and Central Union. 

1859. — Ten-Mile, southwest corner of the State. 

1865. — Oil Creek Association was formed. 

1870. — Wayne, from Abington, northeast corner 
of the State. 

1875. — Reading, in east-central, or Schuylkill 
coal region. 

1876. — Indiana, south of Clarion, west of the 
Alleghanies. 

1878. — Wheeling, in Western Pennsylvania and 
West Virginia. 

East Pennsylvania Welsh Association is more 
than twenty years old. 

There are about forty Welsh chui-ches, and half 
a dozen German, of the regular Baptist faith not 
connected with English Associations 

All our churches in Potter and McKean Coun- 
ties, and a number of the others on the northern 
tier, associate with bodies in New York State. 

There are 23 Associations in this State, 568 
churches, and 64,572 members. There are 503 
Sunday-schools reported, with 6120 officers and 
teachers, and 50,860 scholars. Six Associations 
make no report of Sunday-schools, when most 
probably every church has one. 

When it is remembered that Pennsylvania was 
chiefly settled by Scotch-Irish and Germans, that 
is, by people intensely Presbyterian or tenaciously 
Lutheran, nearly the most difficult material on 
earth out of which to make Baptists, and that few 
members of our denomination, comparatively, came 
from Europe, the progress of the Baptists is re- 
markable. 

EDUCATION. 
Pennsylvanians led in forming the first Baptist 
academy in this country, — Isaac Eaton's, at Hope- 
well, N. J., 1756, — and also in establishing their 
first college, — Brown University, Providence, R. I., 



PENNSYLVANIA 



PENNSYLVANIA 



in 17G6. Dr. Samuel Jones conducted an academy 
at Lower Dublin from 1766 to 1794. In 1814 an 
education society for the Middle States was formed 
in Philadelphia. Its master-spirit, Dr. William 
Staughton, iiad for some years taken ministerial 
students to his home for private instruction, and 
in 1818 he and Prof. Irah Chase hired rooms for 
the same object. The institution was removed to 
Washington City, and in 1821 appeared as Colum- 
bian College. The Hamilton (N.- Y.) Institution, 
now called Madison University, received material 
aid from Pennsylvania. In 1832 the Northumber- 
land Association proposed a Manual Labor Acad- 
emy, principally to aid ministerial students, but 
waived it in favor of the proposal of Pliiladelphia 
brethren to found an institution at Haddington. 
And when the Haddington effort failed, the North- 
umberland friends rallied, and in 1846, Prof S. W. 
Taylor opened a high school, which developed into 
a college, with academic and theological depart- 
ments, and a female institute, now called the Uni- 
versity of Lewisburg. By amicable arrangement, 
the theological department was, in 1868, trans- 
ferred to Crozer Theological Seminary, at Upland, 
Delaware Co. 

The academies under the direct control of the 
Baptists of the State are five in number: the Uni- 
versity Academy, at Lewisburg, founded in 184G; 
the Reid Institute, in Clarion County, established 
in 1863 ; Monongahela College Academy, in Greene 
County, instituted in 1867 ; Keystone Academy, in 
Wyoming County, opened in 1868 ; and Mount 
Pleasant Institute, in Westmoreland County, 
founded in 1873. The University Female Insti- 
tute at Lewisburg is not included in the above 
list. It is the only ladies' institute within the 
State, and is connected with the university, thus 
enjoying peculiar advantages. It embraces a regu- 
lar college course, and has hitherto been awarded 
a large share of public patronage. 

During the past year the number of instructors 
attached to these academies was 37, and the num- 
ber of students 641. At a very low valuation, the 
amount invested in these schools is §160,000. 
These institutions are of recent origin, and it is be- 
lieved that the Baptists of Pennsylvania will soon 
start new schools in other localities. 

LITERATURE. 

The first known American work in favor of dis- 
tinct Baptist principles is attributed to John Watts, 
of Pennepek, and was printed in the year 1700. 
It was designed mostly for children and youth. 
No copy of it is known to the public. Morgan Ed- 
wards, of Philadelphia, wrote historical sketches 
of priceless value of the Baptists in several of the 
colonies. Doctors S. Jones, Rogers, Staughton, 
Holcombe, Belcher, Malcom, Curtis, Brantly, Sr., 



Ira M. Allen, Geo. B. Ide, and J. Newton Brown 
among the dead, and II. G. Jones, Jr., Anderson, 
Magoon, Cathcart, Pendleton, Dyer, Spencer, J. 
Wheaton Smith, Dr. W. W. Keen, Francis Jen- 
nings, J. Spencer Kennard, Justin R. Loomis, and 
others among the living. Robert Lowry's hymns 
are sung around the world. Any attempt to name 
the books, or other most worthy products from the 
pen of our people, miglit seem invidious, and it is 
hardly possible to make such a record complete. 

The following are names of Baptist periodicals 
that have been or are still issued in Philadelphia : 
Lalte)--l)ay Luminary, Christian Index, The World 
as it is and as it should be. Religious Narrator, 
Christian Gazette, Baptist Record, Christian Chron- 
icle, National Baptist, Baptist Quarterly, and sev- 
eral for children and Sunday-schools, with millions 
of pages of tracts and books from the American 
Baptist Publication Society. 

From 1825 to 1827, at Montrose, Davis Dimock 
issued the Baptist Mirror, or Christian Magazine. 
In 1827, Eugenio Kincaid, at Milton, published a 
Literary and Evangelical Register. And Pittsburgh 
has furnished one or more periodicals adapted to 
the wants of Western Pennsylvania. 

BENEVOLENCE. 

Early minutes of the Philadelphia Association 
are very meagre, yet they give proofs of efforts to 
send the gospel to the destitute at home, to use 
the press for the common good, and to aid young 
men in preparing to be able ministers of the New 
Testament. Before and after the Revolution they 
sent evangelists into the new fields on the Susque- 
hanna, and at an early day they transmitted money 
to Hindoostan, and to Burmah soon after missions 
were opened there. 

In 1800 a Philadelphia Domestic Mission So- 
ciety was formed. In 1810 they reported seven 
men in their service, — Thonias Smiley, on the 
West Branch ; Thomas G. Jones, in Pennsylvania 
and Ohio ; Heni-y George, at Owl Creek, in Ohio : 
William West, near Lake Erie ; and Brethren Mon- 
tague, Bateman, and Cooper on both sides of the 
Delaware. In 1827 the Philadelphia and other 
similar local societies began their union as the 
Baptist Missionary Association of Pennsylvania. 
At its semi-centennial, in 1877, it reported a total 
expenditure of §282,189 in its fifty years' work, 
during which it had aided 233 churches and made 
1430 appointments of home missionaries, who had 
reported about 17,000 baptisms. 

The Baptist General Tract Society, formed in 
AVashington City in 1824, came to Philadelphia in 
1826, and is now known as the American Baptist 
Publication Society. It has constantly enlarged 
its power in the production of wholesome reading, 
its business department aiding its large outl.ays in 



PENNSYLVANIA 



PENTECOST 



benevolence. It was many years located at 530 
Arch Street, but now has spacious and eligible ac- 
commodations, as denominational and book head- 
quarters, at 1420 Chestnut Street. 

The Pennsylvania Baptist Education Society, 
founded in 1839, has vigorously prosecuted its 
aims, with great advantages to the rising ministry, 
and through them to the church and to the world. 

Among the promoters of every good enterprise 
may generally be found a f\iir proportion of Penn- 
sylvania Baptists. In the first national foreign 
mission meeting were Staughton, Rogers, Hol- 
combe, Proudfoot, Randall, White, Peckworth, H. 
G. Jones, Sr., Hough, and Mathias. The Baptists 
of Pennsylvania are generous contributors to home 
and foreign objects. 

The university at Lewisburg has extensive and 
beautiful buildings and a handsome endowment. 
Crozer Theological Seminary, in its iiome and in its 
endowment, is a monument of liberality. The white 
marble house of the American Baptist Publication 
Society cost $258,000, is entirely out of debt, and 
was paid for chiefly by Pennsylvanians. The fifty- 
six Baptist churches of Philadelphia have a greater 
number of splendid church edifices than any one of 
the other denominations in the city, and they are 
nearly all free from debt. 

The Baptists of Pennsylvania are thoroughly 
united, and they are praying, working, and giving 
to spread the knowledge of Jesus in a way that in- 
spires the hope that in twenty years, with God's 
blessing, they will double their numbers. 

Pennsylvania Baptist Education Society, 

The, was organized Sept. 18, 1839, in the First 
Baptist church in Philadelphia. It has extended 
aid to about 500 students. It is believed that over 
300 ministers thus aided are now in active service 
in home and foreign fields. The experience of the 
past forty years fully justifies us in stating that 
such organizations are of vital necessity. In the 
workings of this society, each year is strictly pro- 
bationary, and students failing to meet just expec- 
tations are dropped from the list. The society is 
not in formal connection with any institution of 
learning, but holds itself at liberty to give aid to 
students studying outside of Pennsylvania, when 
adequate reasons for the selection are given. The 
appropriations given to students are designed to 
cover the cost of cheap boarding and the expense 
of tuition. They have varied in different periods 
from $80 annually to $150. The present maximum 
grant is $110. 

The officers for 1881 are Thomas J. Hoskinson, 
President; Levi Knowles, Treasurer; Rev. G. M. 
Spratt, D.D., Corresponding Secretary ; Rev. Jacob 
G. Walker, Recording Secretary. Twenty mem- 
bers constitute the board of managers. 

Dr. Spratt has made the society, in his many years 



of service, the most successful agency for its ob- 
ject in this country. The receipts last year were 
$12,000, and there were 63 students who received 
assistance. 

Pennsylvania Baptist General Association 

was founded July 4, 1827, in the Blockley Baptist 
church, Philadelphia. The organization of the 
society was perfected in the autumn of the same 
year. It is purely a State missionary institution. 
Rev. William E. Ashton was its first president. 
Hon. James M. Linnard held that office with 
remarkable usefulness for twenty-seven years. 
During the first half-century of its existence it 
has had on an average 29 missionaries a year in 
its employment, and it issued 1430 commissions. 
In that period it formed or fostered 233 of the 
Baptist churches of the State, some of which to- 
day are the strongest and most flourishing in Penn- 
sylvania. During the fourteen years' secretaryship 
of the Rev. L. G. Beck the sum of $172,000' was 
raised for the Association, and the churches in- 
creased from 424 to 553, and the members from 
40,000 to 63,500. The Association has accomplished 
a grand work, and it is, at this time, in a state of 
efficiency that inspires exalted hopes for coming 
days. 

In 1880 it employed 42 missionaries. Its income 
was $14,914.43. Rev. R. H. Austin was its presi- 
dent, and Rev. W. II. Conard its corresponding 
secretary. 

Pennsylvania, Western, Classical and Scien- 
tific Institute is located at Mount Pleasant, Pa., 
about forty miles southeast of Pittsburgh, with 
which it is connected by rail. The academy is at 
the foot of the mountains, in a rich farming region. 
Its site affords a commanding view of the town 
and the surrounding country. Its buildings are 
spacious, and possess every convenience and com- 
fort. 

Mount Pleasant has seven evangelical churches, 
with a substantial membership in each, and other 
religious bodies, with i-egular preaching. No in- 
toxicating liquors, according to law, can be sold in 
Mount Pleasant, or within two miles of it. 

The school was organized under the auspices of 
the Pittsburgh, Monongahela, and Beaver Baptist 
Associations. It was opened in 1873, and its growth 
has been constant until it is now self-sustaining. 
Both sexes are admitted to its advantages, and they 
are about equally represented in its classes. It has 
usually six teachers. It imparts a first-class aca- 
demical education, and it is now a blessing to the 
section of the State where its advantages have been 
so extensively enjoyed. 

Pentecost, Rev. Hugh 0., son of Hugh L. and 
Emma (Flower) Pentecost, was born Sept. 30, 1848, 
at New Harmony, Ind. ; educated at Madison Uni- 
versity, N. Y., where he took a select course ; or- 



PEPPER 



PERRY 



dained in 1871, at Rockville Centre, Long Island, 
and settled as pastor ; second settlement was with 
the Calvary Baptist church in Westerly, R. I., 
Aug. 4, 1875 ; third settlement with South Baptist 
church, Hartford, Conn., May 1, 1878 ; has re- 
cently become pastor in Brooklyn, N. Y. ; an able, 
successful, and devoted minister. 

Pepper, Prof. George Dana Boardman, D.D., 
the youngest son of John and Eunice Hutchinson 




PROF. GEORGE DANA B0ARD5IAN PEPPER, D.D. 

Pepper, was born in Ware, Mass., Feb. 5, 1833. 
His parents were members of a Baptist church in 
which his father was a deacon, so that from in- 
fancy the future professor lived in an atmosphere 
of Christian influence. Though the subject of 
positive religious experiences when not more than 
seven or eight years old, it was not until May 4, 
1856, that he publicly professed faith in Christ by 
baptism, and became a member of the Baptist 
church in his native town. After a thorough aca- 
demical preparation for college he entered Amherst, 
in which he graduated in 1857, ranking third in 
his class. He entered Newton Theological Semi- 
nary after leaving Amherst, and took the full 
course. After leaving Newton he became pastor 
of the First Baptist church of Waterville, Me., the 
seat of Colby University. In 1865 he accepted the 
chair of Ecclesiastical History in Newton Theo- 
logical Seminary, which he occupied with so much 
acceptance and success that he was elected to the 
professorship of Christian Theology in the newly 
established school at Upland, Pa., the Crozer Theo- 
logical Seminary. He spent one year in prepara- 
58 



tion for the duties of the new position, upon the 
discharge of which he entered in the autumn of 
1868 ; and he continues in that institution still, 
giving his able co-operation in moulding the prin- 
ciples and characters of men, not a few of whom 
have already taken an honored place in the Baptist 
ministry. 

Several of his discussions of denominational and 
other theological questions have been published in 
reviews, in pamphlets, and otherwise. For eight 
years he prepared for the Baptist Teacher the ex- 
positions of the International Sunday-School Les- 
sons. This effort involved and exhibited great 
learning, given in wisely simple terms. And it is 
doubtful if the same work was ever performed as 
well by another. He is the author of a volume of 
respectable dimensions on " Outlines of Theology," 
which he has not given to the public, and which 
he uses in his class with so much success that his 
students leave him the equals of the best-trained 
theological graduates in our country, and the su- 
periors of many of their young brethren. Prof. 
Pepper is a man of extreme gentleness and mod- 
esty, of the highest culture, the deepest piety, and 
the greatest worth. Mrs. Pepper is well and 
widely known as a very able and efficient worker 
in every department of the Master's kingdom, 
especially in the cause of missions. 

Periodicals. — See article on Baptist Litera- 
ture. 

Perkins, Rev. Isaac, a native of Georgia, re- 
moved to Arkansas about 1830, and gathered the 
first Baptist church in Southwestern Arkansas. 
He died in Hempstead County in 1852. He was 
moderator of Saline Association for about twelve 
years. 

Perren, Rev. Charles, the pastor of the West- 
ern Avenue Baptist church, Chi'cago, was born 
Oct. 22, 1839. His conversion took place when he 
was fourteen years of age. Deciding to study for 
the ministry, he entered the Canadian Literary In- 
stitute, at Woodstock, Ontario, where he graduated 
from the department of Arts, and that of Theology. 
In 1862 he was ordained at Vienna, Ontario. Sub- 
sequently, upon passing the senior examination of 
the theological seminary at Chicago, he received 
the degree of B.D. in that institution. His former 
pastorates have been at Georgetown and St. Cath- 
erine's, Ontario. He has held his present one in 
Chicago some three years, enjoying to an unusual 
degree the confidence and affection of the people 
he serves. 

Perry, Hon. Eli, was born in Cambridge, Wash- 
ington Co., N. Y., Dec. 25, 1799, and died May 17, 
1881. In early life he was baptized by Dr. Bar- 
tholomew Welsh into the fellowship of the Pearl 
Street church, Albany. He was possessed of a 
large mind and a generous heart. Christ was 



PERRY 



906 



PERRY 



everything to him, and to his cause he consecrated 
his means and his efforts. He was for many years 
the pei-sonal friend of the strong men who gave a 
high character to the Pearl Street church, in the 
Baptist denomination, among whom were Judge 
Ira Harris, Friend Humphrey, and John N. Wilder. 
Possessing great force of character, uncommon 
sagacity, and irreproachable integrity, combined 
with quiet simplicity and humility, he became an 
eminent citizen whom every one delighted to honor. 
For seventeen years he was mayor of Albany, a 
longer period of service in that office than was ren- 
dered by any of his predecessors since the incorpo- 
ration of the city. As a member of the Legisla- 
ture, and of Congress for two successive terms, he 
enjoyed the confidence of the bodies in whose de- 
liberations he shared, and of his constituents. For 
many years he was president of the board of trus- 
tees of his loved church, and for some time an 
honored deacon. For this community he cherished 
a warm and an abiding affection. He left $16,000 
to Emmanuel church and Sunday-school, and to 
the Albany Baptist Missionary Union and the 
Kochester Theological Seminary, at his death ; and 
he made provision in his will that at the decease 
of his widow, after the payment of several legacies 
of $1000 each to distant relatives, his entire estate, 
estimated to be worth $400,000, should be divided 
into five equal parts, and distributed as follows : 
one-fifth each to Rochester and Hamilton Theolog- 
ical Seminaries, and one-fifth each to the Hudson 
River Baptist Association North, the American 
Baptist Missionary Union, and the American Bap- 
tist Home Mission Society. In life, Mr. Perry was 
a generous contributor to all denominational and 
charitable objects, and he made arrangements that 
after death his gifts should send forth streams of 
beneficence for generations. Few men were more 
loved in life or more lamented after death. 

Perry, Prof. Herman, A.M., was born in Wy- 
oming, N. Y., Feb. 12, 1824. Converted and bap- 
tized in early youth, and having remarkable natural 
grace and great persuasive force in addressing re- 
ligious meetings, he was believed to be destined to 
the work of preaching. With the approval of the 
church he studied for the ministry, graduated at 
Madison University in 1846, received the degree of 
A.M. from Rochester University in 1850, and com- 
menced to preach ; but was compelled by his deli- 
cate health to discontinue. He took charge suc- 
cessively of the academies at Richburgh, N. Y., 
and Allegan, Mich. For the sake of his health he 
removed to California in 1863, and established at 
Sacramento " The Young Ladies' Seminary," which 
took rank among the best educational institutions 
of the State. He died Jan. 18, 1876, and his death 
was felt to be a great loss by the Baptists of the 
Pacific coast, in whose educational and benevolent 



enterprises he had been a wise counselor and gen- 
erous supporter. 

Perry, Rev, Joseph, was born in Stanhope, 
N. J., in November, 1806. While yet a young 
man he was converted, and united with the First 
Baptist church of Newark, N. J., Rev. D. Dodge, 
pastor. 

Soon after his marriage he removed to Paterson, 
N. J., and took a most prominent part in the great 
Washingtonian temperance movement. Here he 
was licensed to preach by the First Baptist church. 
Afterwards removing to Washington, D. C, he was 
ordained as a minister of the gospel. 

Accepting an appointment as a home missionary, 
he went to Fairfax, Va., his circuit extending to 
Richmond. Froni this field he removed, and took 
charge of the Haverstraw, N. Y., Baptist church. 
From Haverstraw he was called to New Durham, 
N. J., where he toiled with wonderful courage to 
redeem the place from the control of rum. After 
a struggle such as few men have encountered, with 
his life almost constantly in danger, he overthrew 
the liquor power, and transformed the village from 
a state of riotous Sabbath-breaking to a lovely and 
quiet abode. After building, by strenuous efforts, 
a beautiful church, he closed a pastorate of six 
years, and removed to Manahawkin, N. J., and 
spent two years of hard and successful labor for 
Christ. 

In 1859 he accepted a call to the Mariners' Bap- 
tist Bethel, of Philadelphia, where for twenty 
years he labored unceasingly among the sailors of 
the merchant service, and among the seamen of the 
U. S. navy on the receiving-ship at the Philadel- 
phia navy-yard. At this port, through the gener- 
osity of Wm. Bucknell, Esq. (still living), John 
P. Crozer, Capt. John Levy (both deceased), and 
others, he built a neat church for seamen. At last, 
after baptizing hundreds of sailors, and many 
others, he was compelled by failing strength to 
retire from the active ministry. Recovering his 
health soon afterwards, he entered with renewed 
energy upon general and heaven-blessed work for 
his divine Master. 

Two years of happy unflagging toil followed, 
when a sudden and fatal attack of pneumonia ended 
his earthly work, and he went to his i-eward Feb. 
14, 1881, closing a life filled with most thrilling 
incidents and adorned with Christian graces. 

Mr. Perry was one of the best men in the Bap- 
tist ministry in Pennsylvania. 

Perry, Rev. Lewis.— Lewis Perry, a well- 
known colored Baptist preacher of North Caro- 
lina, was born in 1804, and became the body- 
servant of Dr. Wiley Perry, an eminent physician 
of Franklin County, about 1820. He became a 
lover of Jesus at an early age, and during the 
great revival which visited the village of Lewis- 



PERRY 



907 



PERSECUTION 



burg in 1830, he was eminently useful in instruct- 
ing and encouraging struggling penitents. lie 
possessed a voice of great pathos and power, which 
he used with fine effect in singing and prayer, and 
his preaching, especially when touching on re- 
ligious experience, was impressive in a high degree. 

His education was quite limited. By his own 
unaided efforts he learned to read and write, and 
attained a useful knowledge of the simpler rules 
of arithmetic. He was a close student of the Bible 
for many years, and few men were better acquainted 
with the teachings of the New Testament. 

This good man had secretly acquired from his 
master's books, and a close study of his practice, a 
very respectable knowledge of medicine ; and such 
was the esteem in which he was held by the peo- 
ple, and the confidence of his master in his judg- 
ment, that when Dr. Perry had become quite old, 
he would frequently send Lewis to see his patients, 
especially when called out at night. Indeed, the 
old Baptist preacher was familiarly known all over 
the county as " Doctor Perry" ; and so much es- 
teemed was be as a physician and a nurse that a 
young man of his native county left him a legacy 
of a thousand dollars for his attention to him during 
his last illness. 

He died at the age of fifty-eight, and the respect 
in which he was held was manifested by the very 
large number of persons of all classes who attended 
his funeral services. 

Perry, Rev. Rufus L., was born a slave in Smith 
Co., Tenn., March 11, 1834. He learned to read 
and write in early life, which inspired hira with 
an irrepressible abhorrence of slavery, and he ran 
away to Canada in August, 1852. He went to 
Windsor, opposite Detroit, and by hard study soon 
became a schoolmaster among the large body of 
fugitives who had escaped from slavery. 

He was hopefully converted in 1854, prepared 
for the ministry at Kalamazoo Theological Semi- 
nary with the class of 1861, and was ordained as 
pastor of the Second Baptist church of Ann Arbor, 
Oct. 9, 1861, by a council, of which Rev. Samuel 
Cornelius was moderator, and Prof. James R. Boise 
clerk. He afterwards served as pastor at St. Cath- 
arines, Ontario, and Buffalo, N. Y. In 1865 he 
entered upon a general missionary and educational 
work among the freedmen, and has, until the pres- 
ent, labored for the education, evangelization, and 
general elevation of his race, serving as super- 
intendent of schools for freedmen, as editor of the 
Suiiheam, co-ordinate editor of the American Bap- 
tist, editor of the Peoples Journal, and editor and 
publisher of the National Monitor. He was for 
ten years corresponding secretary of the consoli- 
dated American Baptist Missionary Convention, 
and he is at present corresponding secretary of the 
American Educational Association and of the Amer- 



ican Baptist Free Mission Society, and editor of the 
National Monitor, of Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Ferryman, Rev. Elisha, one of the most use- 
ful pioneer preachers of the Georgia Baptists, was 
born in Halifax Co.,.Va., Feb. 6, 1769, of Welsh 
ancestors, all of whom, on both sides, as far back 
as known, were stanch Baptists. His father com- 
manded a company, raised by himself, in the Rev- 
olutionary war, and, besides other engagements, 
was present at the battle of Guilford Court-House. 
Cornwallis's army, and especially Tarleton's troop- 
ers, in their ravages, so completely destroyed his 
property, when encamped within six miles of his 
house, that he removed to Georgia with his family, 
and settled on Big Kiokee Creek, twenty-two miles 
from Augusta. Here Elisha Perryman, after much 
mental distress, was gloriously converted in iMay, 
1799. On the third Sabbath in August, 1801, he ' 
was baptized by Abraham Marshall, and joined 
Kiokee church. Gradually the conviction that it 
was his duty to preach grew upon him. He 
studied by firelight at night ; and he made it a 
point to accompany Jesse Mercer and Abraham 
Marshall to their appointments, in order to learn 
the doctrines of Christianity. He gave himself en- 
tirely to the work of an evangelist, confining him- 
self to no one section of the country, but going 
wherever destitution abounded. In January, 1810, 
he removed to Warner County, and often would 
make preaching tours afterwards through Mont- 
gomery, Emanuel, Tatnall, and Bullock Counties, 
and, at other times, would make tours through 
Richmond, Burke, Jefferson, and Severn Counties. 
Again, he would sally forth among the northern 
counties, and even sometimes into South Carolina, 
traveling up and down the Savannah River. It 
was thus that the Baptist pioneer preachers of 
Georgia established their principles in the State. 

The Lord blessed him with a strong constitution, 
and, though he died Dec. 1 , 1857, in his eighty- 
ninth year, he continued to preach with vivacity 
and vigor to the last, calling upon sinners to flee 
from the wrath to come. 

Persecution of Baptists in America. — John 
Waller, Lewis Craig, and James Childs, three Bap- 
tist ministers, were arrested in Spottsylvania Co., 
Va., "for preaching the gospel contrary to law," 
and while in prison they proclaimed the good news 
to listening throngs through the doors and windows 
of the jail. In Middlesex and Caroline Counties, 
Va., many Baptist ministers were imprisoned for 
preaching; they were subjected to the treatment 
of common felons, and if possible to worse indig- 
nities. William Webber and Joseph Anthony were 
imprisoned in Chesterfield Co., Va., for telling the 
story of the Cross. James Ireland suffered impris- 
onment in Virginia, and illegal and wicked efforts 
were made to kill him in jail because he was a 



PERSECUTION 



908 



PERSEVERANCE 



herald of Calvary. To keep the people from hear- 
ing the imprisoned preachers, walls were sometimes 
built around the jails in which they were confined, 
and half-drunken outcasts were hired to beat drums 
to drown their voices. When out of prison in the 
Old Dominion they were mobbed ; while immersing 
converts men on horseback would ride into the 
water to create a disturbance. They were often 
interrupted in their discourses and insulted, but 
they despised the jail, the lash, and the malicious 
jeers. When hunted like wild beasts, and de- 
nounced as wolves in sheep's clothing, they meekly 
replied, " That if they were wolves and their per- 
secutors the true sheep, it was unaccountable that 
they should treat them with such cruelty ; that 
wolves would destroy sheep, but that it was never 
known till then that sheep would prey upon 
wolves." (Semple's History of Virginia Baptists, 
p. 21.) 

In New England, outside of Rhode Island, our 
brethren were frequently arrested for not paying 
taxes to support the Congregational clergy. Women, 
too, had their rights recognized, and they were ar- 
rested and robbed to support the ministers of their 
neighbors. The sacred tax-gatherers took from 
the Baptists " pewter dishes, skillets, kettles, pots 
and warming-pans, workmen's tools, and spinning- 
wheels : they drove away geese and swine and 
cows, and when there was but one it was not 
spared. A brother recently ordained returned to 
Sturbridge, Mass., for his family, when he was 
thrust into prison and kept during the cold winter, 
till some one paid his fine and secured his release. 
Mr. D. Fisk was robbed at Sturbridge of five pew- 
ter plates and a cow, J. Perry of the baby's cradle 
and a steer, J. Blunt of andirons, shovel, and tongs, 
and A. Bloice, H. Fisk, John Streeter, Benjamin 
Bobbins, Phenehas Collier, John Newel, Josiah 
Perry, Nathaniel Smith, John Corry, and J. Bar- 
stow of spinning-wheels, household goods, cows, 
and of their liberty for a season." (Backus's 
Church History, ii. 94, 95. Newton.) Sturbridge 
was but a specimen of what was taking place all 
over New England, and of the love cherished for 
our Baptist fathers by men who only differed from 
them about baptism. Early the persecution of 
Baptists was commenced in New England ; Roger 
Williams was compelled to fly from Salem to escape 
illegal violence in 1635 ; the meeting-house of the 
First Baptist church of Boston, in 1677, was closed 
by order of the General Court of Massachusetts, and 
after a little, when they ventured to use it again, 
the doors were nailed up and a paper fastened on 
tliem, which read, " All persons are to take notice 
that by order of the court the doors of this house 
are shut up, and that they are prohibited from 
holding any meeting therein or to open the doors 
thereof without license from authority till the Gen- 



eral Court take further order, as they will answer 
the contrary at their peril." (Hildreth's History 
of the United States, i. 497-499. New York.) 

The town of Ashfield, Mass., was settled by Bap- 
tists, and when it had a few Congregational families 
in it they built a church, called a minister, and then 
laid a tax upon the land to meet the cost of the one 
and the support of the other. The Baptists refused 
to pay the church bills of their Puritan neighbors, 
and immediately the best portion of the cultivated 
land in the town was seized and sold for trifling 
sums to pay their iniquitous dues. The house and 
garden of one man were taken from him, and the 
young orchards, the meadows, and the cornfields 
of others. The grave-yard of the Baptists was ac- 
tually sold to liquidate the debts of a church with 
which they had nothing to do, and to support a 
minister with whom they did not intend to wor- 
ship. These properties were sold in 1770 for 
£35.10, and they were worth £363.8. The Con- 
gregational minister was one of the purchasers. 
This was but the first payment, and two others 
were to follow. (Minutes of the Philadelphia Bap- 
tist Association for 1770, p. 160.) Such were some 
of the countless wrongs which our fathers suflTered 
even in this land. 

Perseverance, Final. — The Saviour is the 
Shepherd of his believing flock. He says, " The 
hireling fleeth, because he is a hireling, and careth 
not for the sheep. I am the good shepherd, and 
know my sheep, and am known of mine." — John x. 
13, 14. Peter, speaking of Jesus, says, " For ye were 
as sheep going astray ; but are now returned unto 
the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls." — First 
Epistle ii. 25. Christ will never leave nor forsake 
his flock. Besides, " He that keepeth Israel shall 
not slumber nor sleep. The Lord is thy keeper." 
— Psalm cxxi. 4. Now, as the Saviour is the shep- 
herd of his flock, as he knows every one of them, 
is always with them, and never slumbers, he can 
never lose a sheep. David risked his life when a 
mere stripling in killing a lion and a bear to pro- 
tect his flock, and is there any likelihood that the 
omnipotent Master of heaven will be a poorer 
shepherd than David, and suffer the old lion of the 
pit to rob his flock ? 

'■ His honor is engaged to save 
The meanest of his sheep; 
All that his heavenly Father gave 
His hands securely keep." 

Christ never changes. He knows everything in 
the most hidden recesses of the pit, in the secret 
parts of Satan's heart, in the lurking-places of 
earth, and in the concealed quarters of heaven, 
lie has a perfect knowledge of the past and the 
present ; and the entire future lies bare before 
him. " All things are naked and opened unto the 
eyes of him with whom we have to do." He is 



PERSEVERANCE 



PERSEVERANCE 



without any motive to change, and change with 
him is impossible, unless, indeed, some human 
weakness should overtake the intellect that has 
planned and executed the creation. lie commands 
Philip to join the eunuch's chariot and preach to 
him ; the evangelist obeys, and soon the traveler 
believes and is baptized. Now, why does the Spirit 
liegin this work if it is ever to be abandoned? 
Could it agree with Christ's wisdom and purposes 
of love to begin a temple of salvation in the soul 
which Satan was soon to pull down and destroy ? 
He takes the same interest in every believer which 
he showed in the eunuch ; and as he is the Father 
of lights, without variableness or the shadow of 
turning, the work of grace will be carried on in 
every soul till the man reaches the heavenly rest. 

The love of Christ is fixed upon each one whom 
his Spirit calls to repentance. This is the only 
reason for the regeneration of a single human being. 
This love was born in Christ in the distant morn- 
ing of a past eternity ; it led to the election of 
each believer from everlasting, as Paul says, " Ac- 
cording as he hath chosen us in him before the 
foundation of the world, that we should be holy 
and without blame before him in love." — Eph. i. 4. 
What Jehovah declared in ancient times about 
Israel is true of all the spiritual Israel to-day, 
" Yea, I have loved thee with an everlasting love, 
therefore with loving-kindness have I drawn thee." 
— Jer. xxxi. 3. As Paul says, " But God, who is 
rich in mercy, for his great love wherewith he 
hath loved us, even when we were dead in sins, 
hath quickened (made alive) us together with 
Christ." — Eph. ii. 4, 5. The love that gave Jesus 
for us is God's, the love that made us alive as be- 
lievers when we were dead in sins is Christ's, will 
that love ever give up one soul which it cherished 
in its everlasting regards? Will the Saviour per- 
mit one chosen and eternally loved friend to drop 
out of his heart into the abyss? Who shall sep- 
arate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribu- 
lation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or 
nakedness, or peril, or sword? Nay, in all these 
things we are more than conquerors through him 
that loved us. For I am persuaded that neither 
death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor 
powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor 
height, nor depth, nor any other creature (creation) 
shall be able to separate us from the love of God, 
which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. Nothing created 
can separate the saint from his Saviour's love, nor 
shall the Uncreated One. 

The believer in his second birth is made a new 
creature, he receives a new heart with new tastes, 
and while his old love of sin, not wholly subdued, 
may for a time, through the arts of the tempter, 
lead him from God, yet he cannot remain in sin, 
he will one day become dissatisfied with its husks, 



and feel the famishing pangs of spiritual st.'irva- 
tion; and he will hunger for the soul-bread, which 
abounds in the house of his Saviour-Father; and 
will -arise and go to his Father. The carrier- 
pigeon taken five or six hundred miles from its 
home and set at liberty, immediately and swiftly 
returns ; and so a soul, born from above, will 
surely awake to its wants and dangers, and nothing 
out of heaven can keep it from the throne of grace, 
and no one in the skies shall cast it out. 

God's Word speaks of the eternally enduring life 
given in conversion. In Rom. viii. 29, 30, we 
read, " Whom he did foreknow, he also did pre- 
destinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, 
that he might be the first-born among many breth- 
ren. Moreover, whom he did predestinate, them he 
also called: and whom he called, them he also 
justified : and whom he justified, them he also 
glorified." According to this inspired statement 
every soul whom God calls to repentance shall be 
glorified in heaven. The Saviour generally con- 
nects faith in himself with everlasting life : " My 
sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they 
follow me : and I give unto them eternal life ; and 
they shall never perish, neither shall any pluck 
them out of my hand. My Father, who gave them 
to me, is greater than all ; and none is able to pluck 
them out of my Father's hand." — John x. 27, 28. 
" None," neither the believer himself, nor any one 
else, shall tear a redeemed soul from the protecting 
hand of the great Redeemer's Father. 

Several Scriptures are supposed to contradict the 
passage just quoted, and others of kindred meaning, 
one of which will fully represent the others. It is, 
" For if we sin willfully after that we have re- 
ceived the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth 
no more sacrifice for sins, but a certain fearful 
looking for of judgment and fiery indignation, 
which shall devour the adversaries." — Heb. x. 26, 
27. That these words threaten eternal death to 
believers who sin willfully there is no doubt; but 
they do not declare that any one ever did sin will- 
fully, or that any one ever shall. They simply 
warn the children of God of the dreadful results of 
such a crime, with a view to protect them from it ; 
and this warning and others like it show that the 
good Shepherd will use every efi'ort to keep his 
word, in which he declares that he gives them eter- 
nal life, and they shall never perish. Paul, in the 
ocean-storm, received the assurance from God that 
there would be no loss of any man's life, but of the 
ship. But when near the shore the sailors were 
deserting, he said to the soldiers, " Except these 
abide in the ship ye cannot be saved." Paul in this 
declaration did not contradict his favorable predic- 
tion, he was taking steps to have it fulfilled ; and 
every warning like Paul's in Hebrews x. 26, 27, is 
but putting forth efi'orts to make the saints per- 



PETO 



FETROBRUSIANS 



severe, and to prove the truth of Paul's assurance in 
Philippians i. 6, " Being confident of this very thing, 
that he who hath begun a good work in you will 
perform it, will complete it [emTe^Gei), until the day 
of Jesus Christ." The Saviour never began the 
needless work of saving a man in part ; there is no 
sinner once truly converted among the myriads of 
the lost. Every elect soul is regenerated, and every 
man whom the Spirit calls will be glorified. 

Peto, Sir Samuel Morton, Baronet, was born 

at Woking, England, on Aug. 4, 1809. He served 




SIR SAMUEL MORTON PETO, BARONET. 

an apprenticeship of seven years with his uncle, a 
builder engaged in extensive operations, at whose 
death, in 1830, he succeeded to a moiety of the busi- 
ness. His firm took part in the great work of erect- 
ing the new Houses of Parliament at Westminster, 
and other important undertakings. On the disso- 
lution of his partnership, in 1845, Mr. Peto en- 
gaged extensively in railroad-building in England 
and other countries. In some of these enterprises 
he was associated with the eminent railroad-builder 
Thomas Brassey. Towards the close of the Crimean 
war, he undertook, without prospect. of profit, the 
construction of a railway from the harbor of Bala- 
klava to the British camp before Sebastopol, and 
most expeditiously accomplished this valuable work, 
thereby facilitating the military operations and re- 
lieving the hardships of the soldiers. In apprecia- 
tion of this patriotic service he was made a baronet 
of the United Kingdom, by a royal patent dated 
Feb. 22, 1855. His conspicuous ability as a man 
of business had been recognized some years earlier 



by the citizens of Norwich, who elected him to 
Parliament in 1847, and also in 1852. He was 
one of the members for the metropolitan borough 
of Finsbury from 1859 to 1865, and in the latter 
year was elected for Bristol, which seat he held 
until the bankruptcy of his firm in the financial 
troubles of 1866-67. Sir S. Morton Peto joined 
the Baptist church at St. Mary's, Norwich, during 
the pastorate of the Rev. William Brock, and soon 
won a distinguished name in the Baptist body. 
On the death of W. B. Gurney, Esq., he was chosen 
treasurer of the Missionary Society, and by his zeal 
and munificence gave a great impetus to the mis- 
sionary cause. Feeling the need of an enlarge- 
ment of denominational effort in the metropolis, he 
built Bloomsbury Chapel at his own cost, and 
united with the church which Dr. Brock gathered 
there in 1848. He also purchased the building 
known as the Diorama, in Regent's Park, and, 
having converted it into a commodious and ele- 
gant place of worship, induced the Rev. Dr. Lan- 
dels to become the minister of the church after- 
wards formed there. Both these enterprises soon 
became prosperous, and the rapid growth of the 
Baptists in London and the neighborhood during 
the last twenty-five years is largely due to the lib- 
erality and energy of Sir Morton Peto. He was 
one of the first to discern the remarkable gifts of 
Mr. Spurgeon, and gave largely towards the erec- 
tion of the Metropolitan Tabernacle. Regent's 
Park College and other Baptist institutions of 
learning shared in his generous regards, and he 
has latterly taken a deep interest in promoting the 
efficiency of the schemes of the Baptist Union for a 
suitable provision for aged and infirm ministers. 
Whilst in Parliament, Sir Morton Peto was recog- 
nized as a leader of the Nonconformists, and was 
held in high esteem by all parties for his fidelity to 
his principles and his unfailing courtesy of be- 
havior. He published in 1863 a book on " Taxa- 
tion, its Levy and Expenditure," and in 1866 " Re- 
sources and Prospects of America," the fruit of a 
sojourn of several weeks in this country. 

Petrobrusians, The. — Peter de Bruys was the 
Catholic priest of an obscure parish in France, 
which he left, early in the twelfth century, when 
be became a preacher of the gospel. How he un- 
learned the gospel of the Seven Hills and was in- 
structed in that of Calvary we cannot tell, but 
he was educated in both directions. Many Roman- 
ists, like Staupitz or Fenelon, have received the 
saving knowledge of Jesus and retained their con- 
nection with the papal church ; but Peter abhorred 
popery. 

He taught that baptism was of no advantage to 
infants, and that only believers should receive it, 
and he gave a new baptism to all his converts ; he 
condemned the use of churches and altars, no doubt 




FIFTH BAPTIST CHUKCH, PHILADELPHIA, FA. 



PETROBRUSIANS 



PETROBRUSIANS 



for the idolatry practised in them ; he denied that 
the body and blood of Christ are to be found in the 
bread and wine of the Supper, and he taught that 
the elements on the Lord's table are but signs of 
Christ's flesh and blood ; hfe asserted that the offer- 
ings, prayers, and good works of the living could 
not profit the dead, that their state was fixed for 
eternity the moment they left the earth ; like the 
English Baptists of the seventeenth century, and 
like the Quakers of our day, he believed that it was 
wrong to sing the praises of God in worship ; and 
he rejected the adoration of crosses, and destroyed 
them wherever he found them. 

It is said that on a Good-Friday the Petrobru- 
sians once gathered a great multitude of their 
brethren, who brought with them all the crosses 
they could find, and that they made a large fire of 
them, on which they cooked meat, and gave it to 
the vast assemblage. This is told as an illustration 
of their blasphemous profanity. Their crucifixes, 
and along with them pi'obably the images of the 
saints, were the idols they had been taught to wor- 
ship, and when their eyes were opened they de- 
stroyed them, just as the converted heathen will 
now destroy their false gods. Hezekiah did a good 
thing in destroying the serpent of brass, which in 
the wilderness had miraculous powers of healing, 
when the Israelites began to worship it as a god. 

Peter's preaching was with great power ; his 
words and his influence swept over great masses 
of men, bending their hearts and intellects before 
their resistless might. " In Provence," says Du 
Pin, " there was nothing else to be seen but Chris- 
tians rebaptized, churches profaned or destroyed, 
altars pulled down, and crosses burned. The laws 
of the church were publicly violated, the priests 
beaten, abused, and forced to marry, and all the 
most sacred ceremonies of the church abolished." 

Peter de Bruys commenced his ministry about 
1125, and such was his success that in a few years 
in the places about the mouth of the Rhone, in the 
plain country about Thoulouse, and particularly 
in that city itself, and in many parts of " the prov- 
ince of Gascoigne" he led great throngs of men 
and women to Jesus, and overthrew the entire au- 
thority of popes, bishops, and priests. 

Had the life of this illustrious man been spared 
the Reformation probably would have occurred 
four hundred years earlier under Peter de Bruys 
instead of Martin Luther, and the Protestant nations 
of the earth would not only have had a deliverance 
from Jour centuries of priestly profligacy and wide- 
spread soul destruction, but they would have en- 
tered upon a godly life with a far more Scriptural 
creed than grand old Luther, still in a considerable 
measure wedded to Romish sacramentalism, was 
fitted to give them. 

Peter and his followers were decided Baptists, 



and like ourselves they gave a fresh baptism to all 
their converts. They reckoned that they were not be- 
lievers when first immersed in the Catholic Church, 
and that as Scripture baptism required faith in its 
candidates, which they did not possess, they re- 
garded them as wholly unbaptized ; and for the 
same reason they repudiated the idea that they re- 
baptized them, confidently asserting that because 
of the lack of faith they had never been baptized. 

Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny, was born 
in 1093, and died in 1157. He was distinguished 
by scholarship, acuteness of mind, and Biblical 
knowledge. He and St. Bernard were the two 
leading ecclesiastics of France. Peter would re- 
buke a pope if he deserved it without hesitation, 
and no other human being was above his authority. 
The abbot had assailed the Jews and the Saracens 
in two distinct works. And such was the extraor- 
dinary success of the Petrobrusians, and the great 
difSculty of refuting their arguments from the 
Scriptures, that Peter felt compelled to come forth 
and defend the deserted ecclesiastics and the church 
threatened with ruin. We shall quote somewhat 
freely from the abbot to show the doctrines of these 
grand old Baptists. At the beginning of his pam- 
phlet he states the five heads of the heresy of the 
Petrobrusians. 

In the first he accuses them of " denying that 
little children under years of responsibility can he 
saved by the baptism of Christ ; and that the faith 
of another (alienam fidem, the faith demanded from 
popish sponsors when a child was christened) could 
benefit those who were unable to exercise their 
own (faith) ; because, according to them, not an- 
other's faith, but personal faith, saves with bap- 
tism, the Lord saying, 'He who shall believe, and 
be baptized, shall be saved, but he that believeth 
not shall be condemned.' '" This is the abbot's 
first and heaviest charge against these ancient 
Baptists. This accusation means that the Petro- 
brusians refused to baptize children because they 
were destitute of faith. The charge is repeated 
frequently by the abbot of Cluny. 

"The second capitiilum says that temples or 
churches should not be built, and that those exist- 
ing should be torn down ; that sacred places for 
praying were unnecessary for Christians, since God 
when addressed in supplication heard equally those 
who in a warehouse and in a church deserved his 
attention, in a market-place and in a temple, before 
an altar or before a stable." By this we under- 
stand that the Petrobrusians did not believe in the 
sanctity of bricks and mortar, and probably thought 
that as Romish churches were nests of idols and 
scenes of blasphemous superstition, their destruc- 
tion would be no crime. 

"The third capiiulum requires holy crosses to be 
broken and burned, -because that frame, or instru- 



PETROBRUSIANS 



PETROBRUSIANS 



ment, on which Christ, so fiercely tortured, was so 
cruelly slain, is not worthy of adoration, or vener- 
ation, or of any supplication ; but to avenge liis 
torments and death, it should be branded with dis- 
grace, hacked to pieces with the sword, and con- 
sumed in the flames." The Petrobrusians detested 
the worship of the crucifix, and prayers offered to 
it, and, like the Scotch Covenanters, they urged its 
destruction as a Christ-dishonoring idol. 

" The fourth capitulum denied not only the real- 
ity of the body and blood of the Lord, as ofi"ered 
daily and constantly in the sacrament (Eucharist) 
in the church ; but judged that it was absolutely 
nothing, and should not be offered to God." In 
this opinion all Protestants concur. 

" The fifth capitulum holds up to ridicule sacri- 
fices, prayers, charitable gifts, and the other good 
works performed by the faithful living for the 
faithful departed." Peter then states that he had 
answered " these five heads," or heresies, " as God 
had enabled him." He might have added a sixth 
capitulum, that the Petrobrusians wanted Scripture 
for everything and not the sayings of the fathers. 
This is admitted in his discussion of their errors. 
The creed given by Peter to these Baptists is excel- 
lent as far as it goes. It is the faith of their 
brethren to-day. The abbot then proceeds to refute 
these imaginary heresies separately. And under 
the heading, " Answer to the Saying of the Here- 
tics that Little Children should not be Baptized 
(Responsio contra idquoddicunt haeretici parvulos 
non posse baptizari) he commences his attack on 
the first capitulum. Peter assumes without evi- 
dence that the Petrobrusians believed that baptism 
was essential to salvation ; and he takes up their 
declaration that faith was necessary to baptism, and 
that not the faith of another but the faith of the 
subject of baptism, and then he proceeds with great 
ingenuity to show how the faith of others " saved" 
persons, as he says, in the Saviour's day. Among 
the cases which he brings forward is that of the 
paralytic let down through the roof of the house 
to the Saviour who was inside, and Peter quotes 
the gospel narrative. " And when he (Jesus) saw 
their faith he said. Thy sins are forgiven." . . . 
Peter then says, " What do you say to these 
things? Behold, I relate this not from Augustine 
(the godfather of infant baptism, whose arguments 
have been its defensive weapons for ages, and were 
very useful to the abbot) but from the Evangel, 
which you say you trust most of all. At length 
either concede that some can be saved by the faith 
of others (aliorum fide alios tandem posse salvari 
concedite), or deny if you can that the cases I 
brought forward are from the Evangel." This and 
several similar instances of healing in the New 
Testament where the faith of another exercised an 
influence in securing healing, make the abbot jubi- 



lant over the Petrobrusians. But the paralyzed 
man had faith himself, as well as those who brought 
him to Jesus. 

This theory is probably borrowed entirely from 
Augustine. In his day the baptism of adults de- 
manded faith continually, and when he put forth 
enormous efforts to change the subjects of baptism, 
he still insisted upon faith, the faith of sponsors 
for unconscious babes. Hence he says, " A little 
child is benefited by their faith by whom he is 
brought to be consecrated" (in baptism) (prodesse 
parvulo eorum fidem a quibus consecrandus ofier- 
tur*) : " a little child believes through another (the 
sponsor) because it sinned through another" 
(Adam) ([parvulus] credit in altero quia peccavit 
in alterof). Again, speaking of a little child, he 
says, " It has the needful sacrament of the Media- 
tor, so that what could not as yet be done by its 
faith is performed by the faith of those who love 
it" (necessarium liabet Mediatoris sacramentum, ut 
quod per ejus fidem nondum potest, per eorum 
qui diligunt, fiatj). Speaking of baptism, Augus- 
tine says, " Mother-church loans them (little chil- 
dren) the feet of others that they may come (to it), 
the heart of others that they may believe, and the 
tongue of others that they may make confession" 
(accommodat illis mater ecclesia aliorum pedes ut 
veniant, aliorum cor ut credant, aliorum linguam 
ut fateanturl). Augustine was in arms to compel 
all Christendom to adopt infant immersion. He 
was almost constantly declaring, " Without bap- 
tism little children can have no life in themselves" 
(sine quo [baptismo] nee parvuli possunt habere 
vitam in semetipsis||) ; and as Peter the Venerable 
is fighting a similar battle with the Petrobrusians, 
he stores his memory with Augustine's arguments. 
No doubt it was this that led him to say about the 
faith of those who carried the palsied man to Jesus, 
" Behold, I relate this not from Augustine, but 
from the Evangel." 

Another common Pedobaptist argument is pre- 
sented by Peter, the abbot, in these words, " The 
unbelieving husband is saved by the believing wife, 
and the unbelieving wife is saved by the believing 
husband." This he gives as a quotation from 1 
Cor. vii., and commenting upon it, he says, " If the 
unbelieving wife is saved by the faith of the hus- 
band, and the unbelieving husband is saved by 
the faith of the wife, why should not the child 
be saved by the faith of husband and wife to- 
gether?" This is a very natural question. But 
unfortunately for the abbot, Paul does not speak of 
either husband or wife as being saved by the faith 
of the other. He represents the one as being 



* Aiigustitii Opera Omnia, i. 1304. Migne, Parisiis, 1842. 
t Idem, V. i:i42. t Idem, iii. 418. 

I Idem, V. 950. II Idem, x. 615. 



PETROBRUSIANS 



914 



PETROBRUSIANS 



SANCTIFIED by the other. And the sanctification 
he refers to after its work is done leaves its subject 
an unbeliever. It is the legal righteousness of 
their wedded relations and the legitimacy of their 
children of which the apostle is speaking. If 
indeed a Christian lady could give not only her 
own heart but the love of Christ and the heavenly 
inheritance to her unbelieving husband, and allow 
him still to remain in unbelief and sin, it would 
make a union with her an unheard-of attraction. 
And the same would be true of the believing hus- 
band. But Peter misquotes the Vulgate, the only 
copy of the Scriptures which he had. It has not 
his salvatur, but sanctificatus and sanctificata est. 

In ancient times, after the heresy sprang into ex- 
istence that water baptism was necessary to salva- 
tion, it was believed that martyi-dom, or a baptism 
in one's own blood, would supply the place of the 
saving immersion. Peter turns this to ingenious 
account. He says, " If the martyrs by a personal 
faith are saved without baptism (in water), why 
may not little children, as I have said, be saved by 
baptism without a personal faith?" Or we might 
add. Why may they not be saved like the martyrs 
without any baptism ? Treating of the commission 
of the Saviour, the baptismal creed of the Petro- 
brusians, he says, " ' He who believeth not shall be 
damned.' You think, forsooth, that little children 
are held by this chain, and because they are not 
able to believe, that baptism will profit them no- 
thing. But it is not so ; the sacred words them- 
selves show this ;. they do not show it to the blind, 
but to those who see ; they show it to the humble, 
not to the haughty. ' Go,' says the Lord, ' into all 
the world, and preach the gospel to every creature. 
He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved ; he 
that believeth not shall be condemned.' These words 
terrify the rebellious ; they do not condemn the in- 
nocent, they strike iniquity ; they do not strike 
irresponsible infancy, they destroy despisers of 
grace; they do not condemn the simplicity of na- 
ture (innocent children). . . . Restrain, therefore, 
the excessive severity which you assume, and do 
not aim to appear more just than him, all whose 
ways are mercy and truth, nor shut out little chil- 
dren from the kingdom of heaven (by refusing to 
baptize them), in reference to whom he has said, 
' Of such is the kingdom of heaven.' " Peter's in- 
terpretation of the condemnation of the commission 
is correct ; it does not condemn any who cannot be- 
lieve. But his inference from it that infants should 
be baptized is childishness for the imaginary ad- 
vantage of infants. All infants are saved without 
baptism, as the Petrobrusians believed. The com- 
mission has only to do with believers and their bap- 
tism, and the penalty of unbelief when persons have 
heard the gospel in years when faith is possible. 

Peter proceeds to take up the old argument which 



Augustine uses, and which has such a modern and 
familiar sound : " For thus afterwards Christ the 
Lord placed holy baptism in his church, the sacra- 
ment of the New Testament for the circumcision 
of the iiesh." (Sic etiam postquam Dominus 
Christus in ecclesia sua sacramentum Novi Testa- 
menti pro circumcisione carnis sanctum baptismum 
dedit. Augustini Opera Omnia, ii. 1087. Migne, 
Parisiis, 1842.) And he says, " For it is very dis- 
graceful and impious that we should refuse that to 
the little children of Christians which we grant to 
the little children of Jews, . . . for neither does 
the law prevail over the gospel nor Moses over 
Christ. . . . The little children of the Hebrews 
were circumcised by divine command on the 
eighth day, iind pm-ged from original sin. Where, 
then, was the faith of the boys? What was their 
understanding of the sacrament which they re- 
ceived? What was their knowledge of divine 
things? Where are you who condemn Christian 
little children? The little children of Jews are 
saved by the sacrament of circumcision, and shall 
not the little children of Christians be saved by 
the sacrament of baptism ? The Jew believes, and 
his son is cleansed from sin ; the Christian believes, 
and shall not his child be freed from similar guilt? 
There is no faith in the little children of Chi'istians, 
but neither is there any faith in the little children 
of Jews, yet they are saved by the faith of another 
when circumcision is received, and these (little 
children) are saved by the faith of another (the 
sponsors) when baptism is received."* 

We have made these quotations to show how 
vigorously the Petrobrusians denounced baptism 
on the ^^ faith of another^'' and insisted on personal 
faith. Much more might be introduced from the 
celebrated assault of the abbot of Cluny, but from 
what has been placed before the reader from Peter 
the Venerable, it is clear that the Petrobrusians 
were very decided Bible Baptists, — Baptists ready 
for anything on earth except a renunciation of their 
Scriptural principles. The other four charges of 
Peter are quite as favorable to the general ortho- 
doxy of these ancient brethren. 

Their immense strength to resist the church and 
make converts is seen in the extraordinary pains 
Peter takes to arm himself with all the weapons of 
Augustine and with such as he had made himself, 
and in the extremely skillful use which he makes 
of them. It is refreshing to read a treatise written 
seven hundred and thirty-six years ago against a 
powerful body of Baptists by a very able theolo- 
gian. Augustine directed the most subtle argu- 
ments against the men who held Baptist principles 
in his day ; but our people, when crushed, have 



* Patrl. Lat., clxxxix. pp. 722, 729, 752, 754, 755, 757, 758. 
Migne, Parisiis, 1854. 




MEMORIAL BAPTIST CHURCH, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



PHELPS 



PHILADELPHIA 



only been overcome for a time, and then received 
fresh life again ; and beyond a doubt our doctrines 
will finally seize the whole race and bless all na- 
tions. 

Phelps, Mrs. Sophia Emilia, a daughter of Rev. 
James Harvey Linsley, a Baptist minister, was born 
Nov. 16, 1823 ; married, Aug. 26, 1847, Rev. S. D. 
Phelps, D.D. ; a graceful and popular writer ; author 
of a memoir of her father ; frequent contributor 
to journals, especially to the Christian Secretary ; 
writer of the expositions of the Sabbath-School Les- 
sons of the International Series in the Christian 
Secretary ; successful teacher of Bible-classes ; gives 
to Sunday-school teachers weekly lectures in Hart- 
ford, before members of different denominations. 

Phelps, Sylvanus Dry den, D.D., editor of 

Christian Secretary, son of Capt. Israel and 




SYLVANUS DRYDEN PHELPS, D.D. 

Mercy (Stevens) Phelps, grandson of Deacon Judah 
Phelps, of the Revolutionary war, was born in Suf- 
field. Conn., May 15, 1816 ; worked on farm and 
taught winter schools ; had great fondness for 
books; converted in 1834 ; baptized, in 1838, by 
Rev. M. G. Clarke: united with Second Baptist 
church in Suffield while a member of the Connec- 
ticut Literary Institution, where he fitted for col- 
lege ; licensed to preach in 1840 ; taught in Connec- 
ticut Literary Institution and Southwick Academy, 
Mass. ; entered Brown University, and graduated 
in 1844 ; same year entered Yale Theological Semi- 
nary ; supplied Baptist church in Bristol, and after- 
wards First Baptist church in New Haven, where 
he settled as pastor Jan. 21, 1846, and remained 



twenty-eight years, during wliich time 1217 united 
with the church, 615 by baptism, and four colonies 
went out to form new churches. In 1871 the pres- 
ent church had 800 members, — largest evangelical 
church in the State ; called at same time to two 
churches, but settled, in 1874, with Jefi"erson Street 
church in Providence, R. I. ; on death of Rev. E. 
Cushman became proprietor and editor of Christian 
Secretary, Hartford, Conn., for which he had pre- 
viously lai'gely written ; in 1859-60 spent about a 
year in Europe and the East ; a brief trip to Europe 
in 1872 ; has written and published ; a volume of 
poems in 1842; another, "Eloquence of Nature, 
and Other Poems;" yet another, in 1855, "Sun- 
light and Hearthlight ;" in 1865, a volume of selec- 
tions from pi'evious volumes, with new poems ; in 
1862, a prose volume, " Holy Land," etc., passing 
through nine editions ; " Sermons in the Four 
Quarters of the Globe ;" delivered poems at college 
commencements ; written numerous articles for re- 
views and periodicals : often lectured on Egypt and 
the Nile ; easy and graceful writer of prose and 
poetry; popular and honored preacher; received 
degree of D.D. from Madison University in 1854 ; 
married, Aug. 26, 1847, Sophia Emilia Linsley, of 
Stratford, Conn. 

Philadelphia Baptist Association, The, was 

formed on the " twenty-seventh day of the seventh 
month, on the seventh day of the week," in the 
year 1707. The meeting lasted till the third day of 
the week following. Before the formation of the 
Association the churches had a general meeting for 
preaching and administering the ordinances, which 
was held in different places. The first was held at 
Salem, N. J., in 1688 ; this was about three months 
after the Lower Dublin church was constituted. 
The next was held at the latter church, the next 
at Philadelphia, and the fourth at Burlington. 
Others were held in various places. The people 
with whom the brethren met called the gathering 
a yearly meeting because it met with them but 
once a year, but those who attended all the sessions 
of this body spoke of it as a quarterly meeting. 
The Association W!\s designed to differ from the 
yearly meeting chiefly in this, that it was to be a 
body of delegates representing churches, and the 
yearly meeting had no representative character. 

The brethren who constituted the Association 
came from Lower Dublin (Pennepek), Middletown, 
Piscataqua, Cohansey, and Welsh Tract. The 
Philadelphia congregation, though giving its name 
to the Association, is not represented as a constit- 
uent member, because it was regarded as a branch 
of the Lower Dublin church. Morgan Edwards 
mentions with evident satisfaction, that though the 
Association was formed of but five churches, " It 
has so increased since as to contain thirty-four 
churches (in 1770), exclusive of those which have 



PHILADELPHIA 



PHILADELPHIA 



been detached to form another Association." In 
1879 the Association had 81 churches, with a mem- 
bership of nearly 24,000. 

The influence of the Philadelphia Association 
has been greater in shaping Baptist modes of 
thinking and working, than any other body in ex- 
istence. It is older by nearly fifty years than any 
other Association. Its "Confession of Faith" and 
" Treatise of Discipline" have wielded an immense 
power in favor of orthodoxy and piety among our 
rising churches. It has ever been the warm friend 
of missions at home and abroad, its ministers 
making missionary tours all over our country. It 
has always been the friend of Sunday-schools since 



What our denomination would have been in this 
country without the Philadelphia Association is an 
interesting question. We cannot suppose that the 
Associational institution would have had no ex- 
istence among us. It flourished in England long 
before 1707. But this mother Association had men 
of learning even in her early history, with sound 
Baptist principles, great practical sagacity, and 
with a love for struggling Baptists in the farthest 
East and in the most distant South ; and, as a conse- 
quence, the Associational plan became popular, and 
the spirit of the old Philadelphia body was grafted 
upon every kindred institution all over the land. 
Nor did this ancient body look coldly upon the 




BAPTIST HOME OF PlilLADELPHIA. 



the system was first presented to its churches. It 
encouraged the school of Isaac Eaton, of Hope- 
well, N. J., for the preparation of young men for 
the ministry, the first Baptist institution of that 
character in America ; and it founded Brown 
University, formerly Rhode Island College, and 
through it, indirectly, all our seminaries of learn- 
ing. As early as 1788 it took its stand in favor 
of temperance. It was a tower of strength to 
our persecuted brethren in other colonies in 
times when they suffered great legal oppression. 
It gave them financial aid and good counsel, and 
lent the weight of its great influence in seeking a 
redress of grievances from men in power, and it 
has ever demanded liberty for all men to worship 
God according to the dictates of their consciences. 



crushed liberties and the struggling warriors of 
their country in Revolutionary times. On the 19th 
of October, 1781, our army made its victorious entry 
into Yorktown ; on the 23d the Association was 
in session ; on the night of that day the old watch- 
men of Philadelphia cried, '• Twelve o'clock and 
all is well, and Cornwallis has surrendered." 
The next morning the Association met at sunrise 
to bless God for the glorious news, and to re- 
cord their gratitude in appropriate resolutions. 
The mother Association of our land has a precious 
record. 

Philadelphia, Baptist Home of, was chartered 
in 1869. Its object is " to provide a place of resi- 
dence for members of Baptist churches who may, 
by reason of age, infirmities, or poverty, become 



PHILADELPHIA 



PHILIPS 



incapable of supporting themselves and their fami- 
lies, and also to afford such persons other relief, 
and in such other way, as the trustees may deem 
prudent and advisable." The trustees have au- 
thority to admit members of other Christian 
churches whenever special contributions are made 
for that purpose. 

The management consists of a board of trustees, 
who must be members of Baptist churches, and of 
a board of lady managers, consisting of represen- 
tatives from the Baptist churches of Philadelphia 
and vicinity. To the former belongs the duty of 
securing titles, investing trust funds, and other 
legal matters, and to the lady managers is assigned 
the entire management of the institution, the ad- 
mission and care of the inmates, and the procuring 
of funds to meet the required expenses above the 
amount furnished by the partial endowment of 
$30,000. 

Mr. George Nugent, President; Hon. H. G. 
Jones, Secretary ; and Mr. Levi Knowles, Treas- 
urer, of the board of trustees, have served from the 
date of organization with great zeal and fidelity. 
The officers of the lady managers are Mrs. L. 
Knowles, President; Mrs. John Mustin, Vice- 
President; Mrs. P. G. McCollin, Corresponding 
Secretary ; Miss Anna E. Friend, Recording Sec- 
retary ; Mrs. C. H. Banes, Treasurer. Mrs. 
Knowles and Mrs. McCollin have filled the offices 
assigned to them from the founding of the institu- 
tion, and to the wonderful executive ability of the 
former and the enthusiasm and persevering zeal 
of the latter, aided by a noble band of Baptist sis- 
ters, the home is largely indebted for its success 
and popularity. 

The building is located at Seventeenth and 
Norris Streets, upon a plot of ground valued at 
$30,000, the generous gift of Deacon Joseph F. 
Page, of the First Baptist church. It has a hand- 
some exterior, and is especially adapted by its plan 
for the purpose for v^^hich it is used. Built with 
wings forming three sides of a square, and sur- 
rounded by ample grounds, laid out with walks 
and shrubbery, its appearance is one of great 
beauty. There are rooms for 85 inmates. The 
charge for admission is $200 when under seventy 
years, and $150 when over that age. 

As its name indicates, it is a home, and it is re- 
markably free from the cheerlessness that too fre- 
quently mars places of public charity, and, on the 
contrary, it possesses an air of comfort and content- 
ment that reflects the highest credit upon the Chris- 
tian benevolence of the denomination. 

Philadelphia, The Fifth Baptist Church of, 
was founded in 1824, by members of the Sansom 
Street church, organized by Dr. Staughton. It 
cost about $100,000, and was dedicated to the wor- 
ship of Almighty God, Oct. 13, 1864. It was paid 



for before it was used for divine service. Its mem- 
bership, as reported to the Philadelphia Association 
in October, 1880, was 584. Rev. B. D. Thomas is its 
highly esteemed pastor. (See illustration, p. 911.) 
Philadelphia, Memorial Baptist Church of, 
was organized in July, 18G8, by Rev. P. S. Hen- 
son, D.D. ; its chapel was built soon after the forma- 
tion of the church. The main edifice was completed 
and dedicated in February, 1876. The latter build- 
ing will seat 1500 persons. Both structures and 
lots cost $165,500, and the church has no debt. It 
had in October, 1880, a membership of 642. (See 
illustration, p. 915.) 

Philadelphia, Second Baptist Church of, 

was organized in March, 1803. It has had seven 
pastors since it was formed, six of whom have left 
the church militant for the heavenly assembly. 
William Cathcart, D.D., the seventh pastor, has held 
his office since April, 1857. The church is strongly 
Calvinistical and warmly missionary. It has paid 
the present pastor's salary every month since April, 
1857, a few days before the time, except on two 
occasions, when it was received on the day it was 
due. It had a membership in October, 1880, of 
707. Its present church edifice is a two-story 
building, 65 by 100, with a front 76 feet 6 inches 
wide. It was dedicated in March, 1875. It cost 
$93,500, and it is entirely paid for. The design of 
its magnificent front was evidently taken originally 
from the ancient church of the Abbey of Sainte Gene- 
vieve, in Paris, founded by Clovis, and rebuilt from 
the eleventh to the thirteenth century, an engraving 
of which is in Lacroix's " Manners, Customs, and 
Dress of the Middle Ages," p. 40. London. 

Philips, Prof. G. Morris, A.M., was born at 
Penningtonville (now Atglen), Chester Co., Pa., 
Oct. 28, 1851. He was fitted for college in his 
native village, and entered the university at Lewis- 
burg in 1867. Having completed the regular clas- 
sical course, he graduated in 1871, taking the 
second honors of the largest class which has ever 
graduated from the university. In the ensuing 
autumn he assumed the chair of Mathematics in 
Monongahela College, which position he filled most 
acceptably for a year and a half. From 1873 to 
1878 he held the chair of Higher Mathematics in 
the State Normal School at West Chester, Pa., 
where he soon became known most favorably as an 
enthusiastic and successful instructor. While in 
that position he declined an appointment to the 
county superintendency. In 1878 he was ap- 
pointed Professor of Mathematics and Natural 
Philosophy in the university at Lewisburg. 

Prof. Philips is a most careful and accui-ate 
scholar, with great breadth of mind, and a large 
acquaintance with literature, especially in the line 
of science. As an instructor he has few equals for 
clearness of statement, earnestness of manner, and 




SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



PHILIPS 



920 



PICKET 



ability to awaken enthusiasm. His genial man- 
ners, thoroughness of work, and large Christian 
sympathy endear him to all who come under his 
influence. At the present writing he is engaged 
with Prof. Sharpless, of Haverford College, in pre- 
paring a new text-book on astronomy. 

Philips, Judge John W., was born in Wilson 
Co., Tenn., July 1, 1837. He graduated at Alle- 
ghany College, Pa., in 1860. Made a profession 
of religion in Meadville, Pa., while at college, in 
the spring of 1859, and joined the Baptist church. 
He took his letter from the Meadville church to the 
Round Lick Baptist church in Wilson Co., Tenn., 
and from it he came to the Second Baptist church 
of St. Louis, in 1873, of which he is now a member 
and a deacon. He superintends the Olivet Mission 
of the Second church. 

He was elected judge of the seventh judicial 
circuit of Tennessee, by the people of that circuit, 
by a large majority ; every vote in the county 
where he lived was cast for him except six. There 
were four counties in the circuit. Judge Philips 
raised a company for the Union army and per- 
formed honorable service, and was made colonel 
of his regiment. He is now a lawyer of success- 
ful practice in St. Louis, in the firm of Philips & 
Stewart. 

Philips, Dr. M. W., the veteran agricultural 
editor of the South, was born in South Carolina 
in 1806 ; graduated at South Carolina College in 
1826 ; graduated in the medical department of 
Pennsylvania University in 1829 ; settled in Mis- 
sissippi in 1830 ; soon became distinguished as a 
scientific farmer, and contributor to agricultural 
journals ; became a Baptist in 1849, and at once took 
an active part in church work, especially in the pro- 
motion of education, and was chiefly instrumental 
in the purchase of Mississippi College and the es- 
tablishment of Central Female College at Clinton, 
Miss. After the war he removed to Memphis, 
Tenn., and became editor of the Southern Farmer. 
This he gave up in 1877 to take charge of the Farm 
and the Agricultural professorship of the University 
of Mississippi, a position he still holds. 

Phillips, Rev. William, was born in Province- 
town, Mass., Aug. 24, 1801. In his boyhood his 
family removed to Pawtucket, R. I. At the age 
of seventeen he became a Christian, and was bap- 
tized by Dr. Benedict, then the pastor of the Bap- 
tist church in Pawtucket. At once he began to 
speak and perform other sei-vice in the social meet- 
ings, and was so acceptable to his brethren that 
his pastor sent for him, and asked him if he had 
ever thought it would be a privilege to preach the 
gospel. The young man replied that it was a pleas- 
ure to him to take part in the religious meetings 
which he attended, but he felt that an insuperable 
obstacle lay in the way of his obtaining an educa- 



tion, as he was the sole stay and support of a 
widowed mother. In the providence of God it 
was found that this obstacle could be removed, and 
the way was opened for him to fit for college, under 
the tuition of Dr. Benedict. He entered Brown Uni- 
versity in 1822, and graduated in 1826. In the class 
were several members who were afterwards distin- 
guished in their professions in life. Among these 
may be mentioned Rev. George Burgess, D.D., the 
Episcopal bishop of Maine, Hon. John Kingsbury, 
LL.D., and Prof. Edwards A. Park, D.D. On leav- 
ing college Mr. Phillips did not take a course of 
theological study, but in the March following his 
■graduation he was ordained pastor of the church 
in North Attleborough, Mass. He remained here 
until the fall of 1828, when he accepted a call to 
the Third Baptist church in Providence, R. I., and 
commenced his ministry there the first Sabbath in 
November, 1828. He continued with this church 
eight years, when he was invited to become the 
pastor of the First Baptist church in Charlestown, 
Mass. He remained here until the fall of 1841, 
when, his health having failed, he resigned his 
office and removed to Providence, R. I., where he 
has lived ever since. For one year he suspended 
regular ministerial labor. At the end of that time 
his health was sufficiently restored to enable him 
to supply churches, although he has never been 
a regular pastor since he left Charlestown. For 
five and a half years he thus supplied the church 
at Fruit Hill, in the neighborhood of Providence, 
and for eight years the church at Lonsdale, R. I. 
While filling this last engagement he went abroad, 
extending his trip up the Nile as far as Thebes, 
and visiting also the Holy Land, spending several 
weeks in Jerusalem. 

Mr. Phillips resides at his pleasant home in the 
suburbs of Providence, respected and beloved by 
a large circle of friends. He was made a member 
of the corporation of Brown University in 1836. 

Fhippen, Rev. George. — At the residence of 
his daughter, Mrs. J. W. Mills, in Chicago, May 
15, 1873, died Rev. George Phippen, in the eighty- 
fourth year of his age. He was born in Salem, 
Mass., Feb. 2, 1790, baptized into the fellowship of 
the Baptist church there by Rev. Lucius Bolles, Aug. 
25, 1805, and ordained at Middletown, Conn., June 
11, 1812, after graduating at Brown University. 
His successive pastorates were at Middletown Cen- 
tre and Suffield, Conn., West Troy and Newburgh, 
N. Y., Tyringham and Lee, Mass. He had an in- 
fluential share in the establishment of the Connec- 
ticut Literary Institution at Suffield, and was suc- 
cessively secretary and president of the Education 
Society in that State. He closed, in the peaceful 
joy of one departing to be with Christ, a long life 
of marked fidelity and usefulness. 

Picket, Rev. John, was born in King and Queen 



PIDGE 



PIKE 



Co., Va., Jan. 14, 1744. In early life he was fond 
of sports and frivolous amusements. On a visit to 
North Carolina the Saviour called him into his 
peace. He was baptized in 1766. A year after 
he returned to Virginia. In 1768 a church was 
formed in Fauquier, Va., chiefly through his in- 
strumentality, the church was called Carter's Run. 
Mr. Picket was ordained its pastor in 1772. His 
prosperity in winning souls soon drew persecution 
up m him. A mob broke into the meeting-house and 
split the pulpit in pieces. The magistrates sent 
the pastor to prison, where he preached God's AVord 
to the salvation of great numbers. When he was 
released from prison he proclaimed Jesus with 
greater zeal than ever, extending his labors into 
Culpeper and over the Blue Ridge, where at the 
first baptism that ever took place in Shenandoah 
fifty were immersed. Mr. Picket loved the Saviour 
intensely, was never weary in laboring for him, 
was honored by great usefulness in the service of 
Jesus, and he led a saintly life. He died in June, 
1803. 

Pidge, Eev. John Bartholomew Gough, the 

son of Edwin and Mary E. Pidge, was born at 
Providence, R. I., Feb. 4, 1844 ; was educated in 
public and private schools at Providence, and sub- 
sequently entered Brown University, graduating 
therefrom in 1866 : graduated also at Newton 
Theological Institution in 1869. AVhile a student 
at Newton he translated Braune's " Commentary 
on Philippians," from the German, under the super- 
vision of Dr. Hackett ; was ordained Sept. 8, 1869, 
and l)ecame pastor of the church at Lawrence, 
Mass. In 1871 he declined a call to the professor- 
ship of New Testament Exegesis from Crozer Theo- 
logical Seminary. In April, 1879, he accepted a 
call to the pastorate of the Fourth church, Phila- 
delphia, in which field of labor he continues a min- 
istry that has greatly endeared him to one of our 
huv^est churches. 

Mr. Pidge is a man of studious habits, of schol- 
arly attainments, and of m«ked pulpit power. 
His sermons are fruitful in the results of close ap- 
plication, and are well calculated to enrich the 
minds of those who wait upon his ministrations. 

Pierson, Rev. Nicholas, an English Baptist, 
who settled in Horton, Nova Scotia, about 1775 : 
was ordained, Nov. -5, 1778, pastor of the Baptist 
church at Horton. formed seven days previous ; the 
first Baptist church organized in the Maritime Prov- 
inces. Mr. Pierson continued pastor till his re- 
moval to New Brunswick in 1791, where he died 
some years after. 

Pike, Rev. James C, an eminent minister of 
the English General Baptists, and for twenty-two 
years secretary of their Foreign Missions, was born 
June 26, 1817. His father, the author of " Persua- 
sives to Early Piety," was gratified to see in his own 
59 



son what he so earnestly commended to the young 
generally. After a course of study at Stepney Col- 
len;e, he commenced his ministry at AVisbech, as a.s- 
sistant to the Rev. .Joseph .Jarrom. He labored 
here fourteen years, and then removed to LeiceS' 
ter, where, in two pastorates, he spent the remain- 
ing years of his life. In 1855 he was chosen secre- 
tary of the Foreign Missions, in the place of hif« 
father, to whose faith and zeal it owed its origin. 
His industry and courage, as well as bodily strength, 
were severely taxed by the burdens laid upun him 
as a pastor of a large church and the responsible 
director of the missionary work. But he was a 
workman who needed not to be ashamed. He died 
August, 1876, aged fifty-nine years. 

Pike, Rev. John G., was born at Edmonton, 
England, April 6, 1784. His father, the Rev. Dr. 
Pike, had formerly been a clergyman of the Estab- 
lished Church, from which he seceded for conscience' 
sake, and became the minister of a Presbyterian 
congregation in the neighborhood of London. 
AVhen in his eighteenth year he was entered as a 
student for the ministry at an Independent college. 
Whilst pursuing his studies the subject of baptism 
powerfully attracted his mind, and he was led by 
his convictions to abandon the Pedobaptist senti- 
ments in which he had been brought up. He was 
baptized b}' the only Baptist minister he was ac- 
quainted with in August, 1804, but did not join 
any Baptist church until 1808, when he was re- 
ceived into the church in London under the pastoral 
care of the eminent General Baptist minister, Dan 
Taylor, by which he was soon after formally licensed 
to preach. After preaching for some time without 
a fixed engagement, he accepted a call to the Gen- 
eral Baptist church in Derby. His success was 
attested by the rapid increase of the congregation 
and numerous baptisms. The church edifice was 
inadequate, and, notwithstanding the commercial 
depression of the period, a new and much larger 
building was erected. His scanty income obliged 
him to commence a boarding-school for the support 
of his family, but his ministerial labors were abun- 
dant in Derby and all the neighborhood. He threw 
himself heartily into the work of foreign missions, 
and co-operated with Andrew Fuller and the Par- 
ticular Baptists until the General Baptist Mission 
was organized. Mr. Pike was immediately chosen 
secretary of the society. Besides these labors his 
pen was ever busy. His " Persuasives to Early 
Piety" and "Guide for Young Disciples" had a 
wide circulation and were eminently useful. Be- 
sides these works, which are everywhere known 
and deservedly esteemed, he wrote other practical 
works of great value. During his long pastorate 
at Derby, which was terminated only by his death, 
he lived in the aflFection of his people and enjoyed 
the esteem of all classes of the community. He 



PILGRIM 



PITMAN 



died suddenly, seated at his desk with his pen in 
hand, Sept. 4, 1855, aged seventy. 

Pilgrim, Rev. Thomas J., was born in Mid- 
dlesex Co., Conn., Dec. 19, 1805 ; was licensed to 
preach, and spent a time at Hamilton, N. Y., under 
the tuition of Nathaniel Kendrick and Daniel Has- 
call. His health failing him, in 1827, he left Ham- 
ilton, and by the Western waters came to New 
Orleans, where, after waiting some time, he suc- 
ceeded in getting a passage on a schooner to the 
mouth of the Brazos River, in the then Mexican 
province of Texas. He accepted service as a teacher 
of the children of Mexican hidalgos, and assisted 
Stephen F. Austin in translating from Spanish into 
English the laws of Mexico, thus acquiring a thor- 
ough command of the Spanish language. For the 
most of his life he was occupied as a teacher with 
signal success, instructing such men as James H. 
Bell, M. Austin Bryan, and Guy ftl. Bryan. He 
organized and conducted the first Sunday-school 
ever originated in Texas. In establishing Sunday- 
schools, teaching Bible - classes, distributing the 
Bible, and managing Gonzales College he spent 
most of his life. After coming to Texas he gave 
up the duties of the ministry, but lived and acted 
as a consistent, devoted Christian, taking a deep 
interest in the education of the young men pro- 
posing to enter the Christian ministry, and giving 
liberally to their support. He died at Gonzales, 
Texas, Oct. 29, 1877. 

Pillsbury, Rev. Stephen, was born in Ames- 
bury, Mass., Oct. 30, 1781. Hopefully converted 
at the age of twenty-one, he was baptized into the 
fellowship of the church in Sutton, N. H. Having 
decided to give his life to the woi-k of the ministry 
he preached as a licentiate in different places. He 
was ordained in Hebron, N. H., where he remained 
fifteen years. In 1830 he became pastor of the 
church in Sutton, where his labors were much 
blessed during his five years' pastorate. His next 
pastorates were at Dumbarton and at Londonderry, 
N. H. In the latter place he died, Jan. 22, 1851. 

Pingry, Judge William M., was born at Salis- 
bury, N. H., May 28, 1806, and was admitted to 
the bar in Vermont in June, 1832. He was bap- 
tized in 1831, and at once identified himself with 
the interests of his denomination in the State of 
Vermont. In 1841 he removed to Perkinsville, and 
became a deacon of the Baptist church in that 
place. He has occupied several of the most prom- 
inent positions in Baptist organizations in the 
State. From 1838 to 1840 he was judge of the 
Washington County Court. He was a member of 
the Vermont constitutional convention in 1850, 
State auditor from 1853 to 1860, a member of the 
Vermont house of representatives in 1860, 1861, 
and 1868, and of the senate in 1869, 1870. He has 
practised his profession since June, 1832, excepting 



that from November, 1854, to August, 1857, he 
was cashier of a bank. Dartmouth College cod- 




judge WILLIAM M. PINGRV. 

ferred on him, in 1860, the honorary degree of 
Master of Arts. 

Pitman, Judge John, the son of Rev. John 
Pitman, was born in Providence, Feb. 23, 1785. 
Such was his precocity that he entered Brown Uni- 
versity before he had completed his eleventh year. 
He graduated in the year 1799, and though but a 
mere lad of fourteen, commenced the study of law, 
which he pursued for two years and a half, at the 
end of which time he was prepared to be admitted 
to the Rliode Island bar. He was too young, how- 
ever, to practice his profession, and in order to 
perfect himself in his studies he was placed under 
the direction of an Ibiinent lawyer of Poughkeep- 
sie, N. Y., Hon. Theodorus Bailey. After various 
fortunes in different localities he returned to his 
native city and opened a law-office, and for several 
years practised in the Rhode Island courts. He 
then took up his residence in Salem, Mass., and 
subsequently in Portsmouth, N. H., and thus be- 
came familiar with the practice of law in the courts 
of those States. Once more he returned to Provi- 
dence, and continued his residence therefrom 1820 
to the close of his life. In 1824 he was appointed 
U. S. district judge for the district of Rhode Island. 
During this long period of professional service he 
proved himself a public-spirited citizen, always 
throwing the weight of his influence on the side of 
any plan or organization which had for its object 
the impi-ovement of his fellow-men. lie was a 



PITMAN 



POIXDEXTER 



member of the corporation of Brown University 
for thirty-six years, six years as a trustee and 
thirty years as a Fellow. His college conferred 
upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws in 1842. 



^--^ 




JUDGE JOUX PITMAN. 

Few men have more thoroughly won the respect 
and aflfection of the community in which they lived 
than Judge Pitman. Loyal to the faith of his 
fathers, he was a firm Baptist, and a devout wor- 
shiper in the venerable church in which for so 
many years he had a seat. Although, like his long 
cherished friend, Nicholas Brown, he never made a 
public profession of his faith, he nevertheless " il- 
lustrated the strict integrity, the devout humility, 
and the exemplary life of a Christian man." His 
death took place in Providence, Nov. 17, 1864, 
when he was within less than four months of being 
eighty years of age. 

Pitman, Rev, John, was born in Boston, April 
26, 1751. Early in life he was apprenticed to learn 
the business of a rope-maker. He was baptized by 
Rev. Dr. Stilhnan, Feb. 24, 1771, and became a 
member of the First Baptist church in Boston. He 
removed to Philadelphia in 1774. For some time 
he was in the Continental army during the Revolu- 
tionary war. He began to preach probably in 
1777, and in October of this year became pastor of 
the Baptist church in Upper Freehold, N. J., where 
he remained until March 10, 1780. For two or 
three years he was without a settlement. He re- 
moved to Providence, R. L, in 1784, and was occu- 
pied with secular pursuits and preaching for the 
next two years, and in October, 1786, was called 



to the pastorate of the church in Warren, R. L, 
where he continued until 1790, when he returned 
to Providence, where he resided for several years, 
during a few of which he was tiie pastor of the 
church in the neighboring town of Pawtucket. In 
1797 he became pastor of the church in Rehoboth, 
Mass., where for nearly all the rest of his life he 
lived, dying July 22, 1822. 

Pitts, Rev, Y, R., was born in Scott Co., Ky., 
Nov. 8, 1812. His parents were Younger and 
Elizabeth T. Pitts. His father died when he was 
but twelve years of age : his mother was left a 
widow with eight children. She was a remark- 
able Christian woman, and she was much assisted 
by her son ; between them there existed a tender 
relation of heart devotion. He removed to Mis- 
souri in 1860. He was ordained to the ministry 
of the Baptist denomination in Georgetown, Ky., 
Nov. 23, 1841. The ordaining council were J. D. 
Block, J. M. Frost, Howard Malcom, D.D., presi- 
dent of Georgetown College, R. T. Dillard, B. F. 
Kinney, and William Craig. He was pastor at 
Elkhart, Ky., thirteen years. He labored also at 
Williamstown, Blue Creek, and elsewhere. In 
Missouri he was pastor at Fayette. At the tim« 
of his death he was about to enter upon an agency 
for William Jewell College. He died at Clinton. 
Mo., in October, 1870, to wiiich place he had gone 
to attend the General Association of Missouri. A 
neat marble monument marks his resting-place in 
the city cemetery at Iluntsville, Mo. He was a 
man of high character, and a faithful minister of 
Christ. 

Piatt, Rev. Edward Francis, was bom at 

Schroon Lake, N. Y., Dec. 16, 1821, and was bap- 
tized into the fellowship of the Baptist church of 
the same place in 1838. At an early period in his 
Christian life he made choice of the ministry, and 
pursued a course of studies under the instruction 
of Rev. AV. W. Moore, of Lansingburg, N. Y. He 
commenced preaching in Cairo, N. Y., in 1845, 
and in the following year was ordained at that place 
to the work of the ministry. In 1847 he became 
pastor of the First church, Catskill, N. Y., where 
he labored with great success for five and a half 
years. Being obliged by ill health to resign this 
pastorate, he went West, and in 1853 became pastor 
of a young and struggling church at Toledo, 0., 
under the direction of the Home Mission Society. 
Here he labored with untiring zeal until his death, 
which occurred Nov. 21, 1866. During this period 
of thirteen years he won the hearts of all by his 
purity of life, his devotion to the cause of Christ, 
and his pulpit abilities. His death was felt to be 
a great loss not only in Toledo, but in the entire 
State. 

Poindexter, Abram Maer, D.D., was born in 
Bertie Co., N. C, Sept. 22, 1809. His father was 



POIND EXTEli 



POLLARD 



the Rev. Ricliard Poindexter, of Louisa Co., Va., 
who, on the occasion of his marriage with Mrs. 
Jordan, of North Carolina, removed to that State. 
Young Poindexter's early educational advantages 
were good, and he applied himself closely to the 
ordinary studies preliminary to a college course. 
While still quite young he entered the Columbian 
College, but owing to feeble health his studies 
there were interrupted, and after a brief period he 
was compelled to abandon them and return to his 
home. In 1831 he made a profession of religion ; 
in 1832 he was licensed to preach, and in 1834 he 
was ordained to the work of the gospel ministry. 
For some time before his ordination he was the 
companion, student, and co-laborer of the Rev. A. 
W. Clopton, the popular and useful pastor of Bap- 
tist churches in Charlotte Co., Va., from whose 
gifted mind and heart, as well as varied and ripe 
experience in pastoral duties, he derived valuable 
and life-long impressions for good. Quite early in 
life Dr. Poindexter married Mrs. Eliza Craddoek, 
a lady of great excellence of character, after which 
he resided in Halifax Co., Va., where most of his 
matui-e life was spent. From the very beginning 
of his ministry he displayed unusual talents, and 
was esteemed the most promising young minister 
of his time. As a preacher, Dr. Poindexter was 
deservedly held in very high regard, especially 
with large out-door assemblies, such as convene at 
Associational meetings. On such occasions his 
preaching was frequently distinguished by great 
fluency and power of speech, unusual vigor and 
depth of thought, a beautiful logical consecutive- 
ness in the development of truth, and an earnest- 
ness and impetuosity of manner that swayed and 
moved the masses with resistless power. As a 
thinker he had but few equals. His intellect was 
clear, active, strong, and original. His thoughts 
were pre-eminently his own. He called no man 
master, excepting always the great Teacher. As 
an extemporaneous debater he stood almost alone 
among disputants ; and so accurate was his method, 
so precise his arguments, so correct his style, that 
a verbatim report of his remarks would rarely re- 
quire the least revision for publication. As an 
agent for the Columbian and Richmond Colleges 
he was greatly successful, while as secretary of the 
Southern Baptist Publication Society, and after- 
wards as co-secretary of the Foreign Mission Board 
of the Southern Baptist Convention, he won a 
noble reputation for energy and executive ability. 
His impressive appeals in behalf of missions and 
education stimulated the zeal, enlisted the interest, 
and secured the contributions of large numbers 
throughout the South, and gave an impetus to those 
causes which they still feel. He was a man of 
deep convictions and intense feeling. His words 
were indeed the outer image of his inmost soul. 



He believed, and therefore he spoke ; and when he 
spoke men had no hesitation in saying, here is a 
Christian man who will part with his life rather 
than with his convictions of right and duty. Dr. 
Poindexter, like many of his brethren in the min- 
istry, was called, in the providence of God, to pass 
through dark waters of affliction. Two promising 
sons were taken from him during the war, one l>y 
the accidental discharge of his own pistol, and the 
other at the head of his company, by a bullet of the 
enemy. The ravages of war swept away his estate ; 
and to crown his sorrows his estimable wife soon 
passed away from his desolated home, leaving 
among the wrecks an only daughter, who has 
since died, who was married to the Rev. J. B. Tay- 
lor, Jr., now of Wilmington, N. C. In 1843 the 
Columbian College conferred upon him the degree 
of D.D. He died May 7, 1872. 

Pollard, John, Sr., was born in Goochland Co., 
Va., July 14, 1803. The maiden name of his 
mother was Catherine Robinson, of tlie same family 
with Speaker R()l)inson, of the house of burgesses 
of Virginia, who was presiding over that body at 
the time Patrick Henry made his celebrated speech 
against the British crown, and who was the first tO' 
cry "treason !" when the great orator closed with 
the .startling utterance, " Csesar had his Brutus, 
etc." One of his uncles was private secretary to 
Chief-Justice Marshall, and one of his aunts, wife 
of the distinguished Judge Pendleton, of the Vir- 
ginia Court of Appeals. His education was re- 
ceived in a school at Hanover Court-House, and 
comprised the ordinary English branches and some 
acquaintance with Latin.' He learned much after- 
wards in the office of his uncle, R. Pollard, clerk 
of King and Queen Co., Va., with whom he served 
as deputy from his seventeenth to his twenty-first 
year. When of age he settled in King and Queen 
County, farming and practising law. In 1826 he 
was baptized into the fellowship of the Lower 
King and Queen church by Rev. Wm. Todd. Sub- 
sequently he withdrew, with others, to form the 
Mattapony church, of which he continued a member 
until his death, having been thirty-five years one 
of its deacons, and thirty-four years the superin- 
tendent of its Sunday-school. He was an ardent 
supporter of denominational enterprises, and was 
noted for his hospitality, especially to Baptist min- 
isters, many of whom, such as Luther Rice, Eli 
Bell, Valentine Mason, Andrew Broaddus, and 
William F. Broaddus, were frequently found at his 
cheerful fireside. He was at different times com- 
missioner of revenue, a justice of the County Court, 
and high sheriff. Mr. Pollard was very strong in 
his attachments to the Columbian College, to which 
he contributed liberally and frequently, and at 
which institution four of his sons were educated ; 
while at the same time friendly to other institu- 



POOLS 



tions of learning. He was a man of very decided 
principles, and of remarkable liveliness of temper- 
ament. He died Sept. 13, 1877. It is a note- 
worthy fact, that of his seven children and twenty- 
eight grandchildren surviving him, all that have 
attained the age of twelve years are useful mem- 
bers of Baptist churches. 

Pollard, John, D.D., son of John Pollard and 
Juliet Jeffries, sister of Judge J. M. Jeffries, of the 
second judicial circuit of Virginia, was born Nov. 
17, 1839, in King and Queen Co., Va. He began 
his education at Stevensville Academy, and com- 
pleted it at the Columbian College, Washington, 
D. C, where he graduated with the highest honors 
in I860. After his graduation he remained as tutor 
of Greek and Latin in the college during the session 
of 1860-61, and also took a private course in the- 
ology under Rev. G. W. Samson, D.D., at that time 
president of the college. He was ordained to the 
ministry July 14, 1861, and became pastor of Her- 
mitage and Clarke's Neck churches, Middlesex Co., 
Va., with which he remained nine years, until Octo- 
ber, 1870, when he accepted a call to the pastorate 
of Lee Street Baptist church, Baltimore. Mr. Pol- 
lard has published a compendious history of the 
Lee Street church, and was appointed by the Ex- 
«cutive Board of the Maryland Union Association 
to finish the " History of the Churches" connected 
with that body, begun by the late Dr. G. F. Adams, 
in which desirable work considerable progress has 
been made. He has contributed occasional articles 
also to the religious papers. For three successive 
sessions of the Maryland Union Association, em- 
bracing not only the churches of the whole of 
Maryland, but also those of the District of Colum- 
bia, he has been its efficient moderator. The 
Columbian College conferred upon him, in 1867, 
the degree of A.M. in course, and in 1877 the de- 
gree of D.D. In 1880, Dr. Pollard became a pastor 
in Richmond, Va., leaving throngs of friends in 
Baltimore. 

Pomeroy, Caleb M., was born at old Salem, 
Mass., Aug. 8, 1810. His father died when he was 
nine years of age. In 1831 he removed to Cincin- 
nati. He became a resident of Quincy, 111., in 
1837, and that city has since been his home. 
During twenty-four years he was a successful 
pork-packer ; then for fourteen years president of 
the First National Bank in Quincy. In 1842 he 
united with the First Baptist church of Quincy, 
and was elected one of its deacons in the same 
year. His membership and office he continued to 
hold until 1857, when he united with others in 
forming the Vermont Street church, where again 
he was called to the office of deacon. For thirty- 
three years he was a teacher in the Sunday-school. 
Mr. Pomeroy has always been a very liberal man, 
giving largely to many and various objects of 



Christian enterprise, in the time when his busi- 
ness prospered making these gifts in hundreds and 
thousands of dollars. Reverses in business have 
reduced his ability, but in no degree affected his 
interest or his readiness to give, lie is, and has 
always been, a pillar in the church. 

Pools of Jerusalem.— -Of all cities of antiquity, 
in proportion to area and population, Jerusalem 
seems to have been the most abundantly supplied 
with water. In the worst straits of siege, drought, 
or famine, during its checkered and eventful his- 
tory, it seems never to have suffered from such a 
curtailment of its water-supply as to amount to a 
serious calamity. While there is no stream in the 
near vicinity of the city to account for this abun- 
dance, the Kedron being but a brook in name, yet 
such sources of supply as were available seem to 
have been so utilized that the city could always be 
guarded against so grave an evil as an inadequate 
supply of water. The sources of this supply were 
the natural springs without, and perhaps within 
the city, and the drainage of the winter rains, 
gathered into public and private pools, tanks, wells, 
and cisterns. In most cases the ultimate and most 
copious source of supply for the larger reservoirs 
were the springs or fountains mentioned. For or- 
dinary domestic uses the winter rains seem to have 
been stored in private cisterns and tanks. Public 
institutions appear to have had larger cisterns and 
reservoirs for their special wants. Jlodern explora- 
tion beneath the traditional temple area has fully 
brought to light the elaborate system of water-sup- 
ply for the wants of the ancient temple service and 
worshipers. But the public reservoirs or pools, 
to which we now confine our attention, were the 
receptacles where the waters were most abun- 
dantly collected, and most freely used by the peo- 
ple. Outside the walls of the modern city traces 
of several lai-ge pools can now be discerned which 
indicate their early existence ; but those that re- 
main, in their varying degrees of preservation, fully 
show the important part they must have performed 
in the water-supply of the city. For the purposes 
of convenience we may begin at the large pool 
located in a valley or basin to the northwest of the 
modern city. This pool was most probably built 
by Solomon, and is characterized by the prophet 
Isaiah as " the old pool'" (Isaiah sxii. 11), and also 
as "the upper pool, which is in the highway of the 
fuller's field" (2 Kings xviii. 17). It is excavated 
out of the earth and limestone rock, the walls, like 
these structures in general, being built up of stones 
and cement. Here, by the conduit of this upper 
pool (2 Kings xviii. 17), the envoys of the king of 
Assyria stood when they delivered the message of 
their master to Hezekiah. Dr. Robinson carefully 
measured this pool, and found the length 316 feet; 
breadth, 218 feet at one end, and 200 feet at the 



POOLS 



POOLS 



other, with a depth of 18 feet. Steps were found 
at the corners leading down to the bottom of the 
reservoir. Originally, the pool received most of its 
supply, in all probability, from the neighboring 
springs or fountains that the king sealed when the 
city was besieged during his reign; but now the 
drainage of the winter rains from the adjacent hills 
appears to be the only source of supply. From the 
dilapidated condition of the pool, this, however, 
soon disappears. At the northwest angle of the 
city, within the modern walls, and near the Church 
of the Holy Sepulchre, is the '; Pool of Ilezekiah," 
supposed to be referred to in 2.Kings xx. 20, where 
the king is represented as making a pool and con- 
duit, and bringing water into the city. The mod- 
ern name is Birket-el-Hummam, — the Pool of the 
Bath, — from its supplying a neighboring bath. 
During the rainy season the water is brought down 
from the Upper Pool referred to by a small aque- 
duct that enters the city near the Yafa Gate. In 
October, 1871, when the writer of the present arti- 
cle saw this pool, the quantity of water did not suf- 
fice to cover the floor, which sloped considerably 
from north to south. At the northwest angle there 
is the usual descent by steps to the bottom of the 
reservoir. The people of the neighborhood, at the 
present time, freely use the pool to wash and fill 
their water-jars. The length of the pool, accord- 
ing to Dr. Robinson, is 240 feet ; its breadth, 144 
feet. On the opposite side of the city, north of the 
Mosque of Omar, and near the eastern wall, is an 
immense excavation, with walls of stone and ce- 
ment, known as Birket Israel, or Pool of Israel. 
Almost uniform tradition identifies the modern 
Birket Israel as the " Pool of Bethesda," in our 
Lord's time described as having five porches, and 
where he performed a striking miracle. — John v. 
2-7. Dr. Robinson, though standing alone among 
ancient and modern authorities in his views re- 
specting the identity of the modern pool with 
" Bethesda," yet admits that it was once used as a 
reservoir. The limits of this article will not permit 
any reference in detail to the testimony of such 
witnesses as Eusebius, Jerome, and others, who 
describe the pool as, in their time, divided into two 
sections, filled with water, but evidently the same 
structure as the single pool that in our Lord's day 
was surrounded by covered colonnades. In super- 
ficial area this pool covers more than an acre of 
ground. It is 360 feet long, 130 feet broad, and 
75 feet deep, now partly choked with rubbish. 
Emerging from St. Stephen's Gate, and passing a 
short distance down the bed of the Kedron, the 
modern traveler comes to a natural cave or grotto, 
from the bottom of which, reached by a flight of 
steps cut in the rook, issues a copious supply of 
■water. This fountain at present is known as the 
"Fountain of the Virgin," and is the same, in all 



probability, as the King's Pool mentioned by Nehe- 
miah. — Neh. ii. 14. The general dimensions of the 
grotto are 15 feet in length, 5 or 6 feet in width, 
and 6 or 8 feet in height. The water in the basin 
varies in depth from one to three feet, but can be 
indefinitely increased in quantity by slightly dam- 
ming or obstructing the outlet. This fountain is 
much resorted to by the poorer classes of the mod- 
ern city. Recent discoveries leave little room to 
doubt that the " Fountain of the Virgin" derives its 
supply from the reservoirs beneath the temple area, 
in turn replenished, it is believed, by subterranean 
conduits, not yet discovered, from the springs that 
were sealed by King Ilezekiah when the ancient 
city was besieged. By an underground passage of 
little more than a quarter of a mile in length, the 
" Fountain of the Virgin" pours its surplus waters 
into the Bii-ket-es-Silwan, — the ancient " Pool of 
Siloam." Accepting the measurement of Dr. Bar- 
clay, the pool is 17 feet at the upper end, 14 J feet 
at the lower, and 18J feet in depth. It is now 
never filled, the water easily passing through it by 
an outlet at the lower end. The walls are very 
much out of repair, so that it would be impossible 
for the pool, under existing circumstances, to be 
charged with the volume of water it must have 
originally received. A short distance back of the 
pool, up the hill, is a smaller reservoir, 6 or 8 
feet wide by 8 or 10 feet in length. This tank re- 
ceives first the overflow from the "Fountain of the 
Virgin," and then pours it into the adjoining " Pool 
of Siloam." The bottom of this upper basin, or 
that of the adjacent pool itself, may be reached by 
a flight of steps, and the water graduated in depth 
by temporarily damming tlie outlet of one or the 
other. " The Lower Pool of Gilion," situated to the 
west of the city, in the valley of that name, and 
now known as Birket-es-Sultan, was the largest in 
or near the city. This pool, or lake, was formed 
by damming up the bed of the valley, so as to con- 
fine the overflow of the Upper Pool, described as 
situated to the northwest of the city. Dams across 
the valley form the ends, while its bed, sloping 
gently on either side, forms the sides of this im- 
mense reservoir. By a careful measurement. Dr. 
Robinson found the length along the centre, 592 
feet; the breadth at the north end, 245 feet; at 
the south, 275 feet. The depth at the north end 
is 35 feet; at the south, 42 feet. This pool owes- 
its construction most probably to Ilezekiah, and 
may be referred to in 2 Chron. xxxii. 30. It is 
now dry, and is not un frequently used as a corral 
for camels. In the time of the Crusades, from the 
accounts that have been transmitted, it was abun- 
dantly charged with water, and appears to have 
been a great watering-place for horses. From the 
Upper Pool, the rains, and the aqueduct passing 
•near by from the pools near Bethlehem, the volume 



POOLS 



927 



POPE 



of water in this great reservoir, derived from these 
several sources, must have been practically inex- 
haustible. This, of course, could have only been 
the case when the pools and aqueducts were very 
different in condition and repair from that seen at 
the present day. 

In any enumeration of the public pools of the 
ancient city mention at least must be made of 
three immense pools situated near Bethlehem, con- 
structed by Solomon, and known as " Solomon's 
Pools." They are fed by natural springs in the 
vicinity. They were built for the use of the Holy 
City, and as they now, by an aqueduct, send their 
wholesome waters within its walls, so in the past 
they must have played an important part in the 
water resources of the city. 

The pools in or near Jerusalem known to have 
existed in the time of our Lord, wliere they can 
with sufficient positiveness be identified, have now 
been considered. That they were all in good re- 
pair and thoroughly fitted, in the days of the Apos- 
tles, to serve the purposes of their construction, 
there is scarcely reason to doubt ; for a generation 
had not elapsed since Herod carefully repaired and 
strengthened the pools and reservoirs in and near 
the capital of his kingdom. The assumption by 
Pedobaptists that the rite of immersion could not 
have been administered in connection with the 
3000 converts of Pentecost on a single day, because 
there could have been no facilities for baptism on 
such a scale, is not only untenable, but preposterous 
in the light of what has been advanced. These 
pools at that time, even under unfavorable circum- 
stances, must not only have contained a sufficient 
depth of water for the purpose, but, as a necessary 
appliance, steps appear to have been built for 
entering them. In the case of the largest of them, 
the " Lower Pool of Gihon," the sloping sides of 
the valley were peculiarly fitted for entering the 
pool to any required depth. The multitude of 
sick people lingering and waiting at the " Pool of 
Bethesda" when the impotent man was healed, 
indicates that in one of the largest reservoirs, 
if it does not establish the fact respecting the 
others, the people were accustomed freely to enter. 
Even now the comparatively small basin at the 
bottom of the " Fountain of the Virgin" would fur- 
nish an excellent baptistery, if there were need of 
so employing it. The " Pool of Siloam" near by, 
must have been, as it would be now if in repair, 
still better fitted for the purpose. Moreover, the 
sloping floors of "the Upper Pool of Gihon" and 
the neighboring " Pool of Hezekiah" show con- 
clusively that these pools could be entered to any 
depth suitable for bathing, and hence for immei'- 
sion. The first converts appear at the outset to 
have worshiped in the temple unmolested. "They 
grew in favor with all the people." Popular sym- 



pathy was with them. The spirit of intolerance 
had hardly begun to manifest itself, as it did so 
virulently afterwards. It is not likely, therefore, 
there was any opposition to the use of the puljlic 
pools in administering the rite of baptism to the 
Pentecostal converts, or the multitudes subse- 
quently. In the " Lower Pool of Gihon" alone, — 
the largest, and the one perhaps most extensively 
used, — with the Apostles and the Seventy as possi- 
ble administrators, any reasonable objection against 
the immersion of the 3000 on the day of Pentecost, 
or any number later, at once vanishes ; and when 
the facilities furnished by the other pools are taken 
into consideration, the absurdity of the objections 
against the immersion of a large number, as to 
time and quantity of water, becomes still more 
apparent. 

Pope, Rev. George. — This useful minister was 
pastor of Abbott's Creek Church, Davidson Co., 
N. C. He was i-epeatedly moderator of the Sandy 
Creek Association, and during the great i-evival 
of 1800 baptized 500 persons. He baptized the 
elder Dr. W. T. Brantly into the fellowship of 
May's chapel. 

Pope, John Francis, was bom in New Bedford, 
Mass., Jan. 22, 1823 ; was converted at the age of 
sixteen, and baptized by Dr. Henry Jackson. He 
was a graduate of Harvard. Mr. Pope was among 
the early pioneers to California, arriving there in 
August, 1849, and, with his wife, joined the First 
Baptist church, San Francisco, and became one of 
its most influential members, holding the position 
of deacon from July, 1854, twenty-five years. He 
occupied important positions in the school depart- 
ment of the city, and assisted in establishing its 
high schools. In denominational matters he held 
high official positions in the Associations, Conven- 
tions, and college boards, and did much to impress 
upon the State his own character as a Christian 
and an enlightened Baptist. At the quarter cen- 
tennial of the organization of the San Francisco 
Baptist Association, in 1874, he was the moderator. 

Pope, Rev. 0. C, the managing editor of the 
Texas Baptist Herald, was born Feb. 15, 1842, in 
Washington Co., Ga. ; was educated at Mercer 
University, Penfield, Ga., and graduated regularly 
from its theological department ; connected him- 
self with the Baptist church in August, 1858. 
Since entering the ministry he has served Louis- 
ville church, Ga., Morristown, Tenn., and Central 
Baptist church, Nashville, Tenn. He has acted as 
secretary of Mercer Association, Ga., Nolachucky 
Association, Tenn., and corresponding and record- 
ing secretary of the General Association of East 
Tennessee. He founded and edited for two years 
the Baptist Refiedor, at Nashville, Tenn. He is 
in the vigor of his manhood, and promises to make 
the Herald a power for good in Texas. 



PORTER 



928 



POST 



Porter, Rev. William, was born in Erie Co., 
Pa., May 3, 1803, of Congregational parents ; was 
married, converted, and baptized in Delaware Co., 
0. ; joined the Mill Ci-eeli church, and was ordained 
by it in 1838. He was pastor and missionary in 
and around the region of the church till 1847, 
when he moved to Oregon, settled on the " West 
Plain," near Forest Grove; served the West Union 
church, — the first Baptist church organized west 
of the Rocky Mountains, — the West Tualatin and 
other churches, and for twenty years kept alive 
(with the aid of Deacon D. T. Lenox) the Baptist 
denomination in the lower part of the Willamette 
Valley, west of the river. He was both doctrinal 
and practical, extempore and pathetic, swaying his 
hearers with a wonderful power. Having done 
much work for Christ, he died Nov. 29, 1872, 
mourned by a multitude who revered him as their 
spiritual father and guide in religious life. 

Posey, Rev. Humplirey, an eminent Baptist 
minister, was distinguished for his benevolent spirit 




Cherokee, Ga., and became a very successful agent 
for the Ilearn School, relieving it of much pecuniary 
embarrassment. In 1844 he married a second time, 
and removed to Newnan, where he died, Dec. 28. 
1846. Dr. J. 11. Campbell, in his " Georgia Bap- 
tists," records it "as his deliberate conviction that 
Humphrey Posey was naturally one of the greatest 
men, and, for his limited opportunities, one of the 
greatest preachers he has ever known. His person, 
his countenance, his voice, the throes of his gigantic 
mind, the conceptions of his large Christian soul, 
— all proclaimed him great." The first time Dr. 
Campbell ever met him was at the Georgia Baptist 
Convention, in 183.5, near Penfield, and the doctor 
says, " Such men as Mercer, Sanders, Dawson, 
Thornton, Mallary, Brooks, and others were there, 
but Posey was a giant among them all." Dr. C. 
D. Mallary wrote and published a " Life of Hum- 
phrey Posey." 

Post, Rev. Albert L., was bom in 1809, at 
Montrose, Pa. Montrose was founded in 1800 by 
Capt. Bartlett Hinds, who survived the storming 
of Stony Point, a worthy pioneer magistrate and 
Baptist. His daughter, Susanna, and his step- 
son, Maj. Isaac Post, were the parents of the sub- 
ject of this sketch. He was educated at Union 
College, Schenectady, N. Y. ; was admitted to the 
bar, and soon after became prosecuting attorney 
for Susquehanna County. In 1836 he started 
The Spectator, a paper devoted to the freedom 



and great abilities. He was above the ordi 
size, with a large frame and fine face and 1 
Born in Henry Co., Va., Jan. 12, 1780, he com- 
menced preaching in 1803, and was ordained in 
1805, in Buncombe Co., N. C, and, among others, 
preached to the Cherokee Indians. lie was regu- 
larly appointed a missionary to the Cherokees at 
Valley Town, in North Carolina, by the Baptist 
Mission Board, of Philadelphia, in 1817, and main- 
tained his connection with the mission until 1824, 
accomplishing great good. In 1824 he settled in 




REV. ALBERT L. POST. 

of the colored race. In 1841 he was ordained 
to the ministry at Montrose, which has still eon- 



POST 



yL>9 



POTTER 



tinued to be his residence. He lias rendered val- 
uable service in protracted meetings and in par- 
tial pastorates. He was president for many years 
of "The American Baptist Free Mission Society," 
in whose interests he visited England. He is a 
vigorous opponent of secret societies. Mr. Post is 
a man of mind and a model of Christian integrity. 
He would suffer the loss of everything, and the 
worst form of death, rather than sacrifice a*prin- 
ciple. Stern, the embodiment of the martyr spirit, 
with a keen intellect and a generous heart, all men 
love him, though not a few differ from his opinions. 
Pennsylvania never had a purer Baptist. 

Post, Rev. John Clark, was born at Montpel- 
ier, Vt., April 20, 1814; spent most of his child- 
hood and early youth in Connecticut; went West 
in 1832; was converted and baptized into the fel- 
lowship of the Baptist church of Aurora, Ind. (the 
pastor being Rev. Jesse L. Holinan), on Nov. 4, 
1838; was licensed there to preach in 1839; 
was ordained at Charlestown, Ind., in 1840. He 
has been pastor at Charlestown, Franklin, Del- 
phi, and other places in Indiana ; of Aledo, Edg- 
ington, Andalusia, and other churches in Illinois, 
and was settled at Fort Scott, Wichita, Hutch- 
inson, and other places in Kansas ; has been 
blessed with extensive revivals, and built several 
meeting-houses. At sixty-six years of age he en- 
joys good health, and occupies an extensive mis- 
sion field in Southwest Kansas. 

Potter, Albert K., D.D., was born in Coventry, 
R. I., and was a graduate of Brown University in 
the class of 1859. He studied at the Newton Theo- 
logical Institution, and was ordained Sept. 27, 1860, 
as pastor of South Berwick, Me., where he re- 
mained for four years. He removed to Spring- 
field, Mass., in 1864, and became pastor of the 
State Street church in that city. He has held this 
position ever since. 

Dr. Potter is endowed with a fine intellect, 
whose vigorous power is unsurpassed in the State 
which his labors have long blessed. His reading 
extends over a very wide range ; he is one of the 
most cultured men in the Baptist ministry; his 
usefulness in Springfield and in the denomination 
generally is very great. As a writer he is regarded I 
with admiration. The friends of truth wish him a 
long life for the exercise of his great talents in the I 
Master's cause. 

Potter, Rev. C. W., was born in Voluntown, 
Conn., in 1821 ; at the age of fourteen united 
with the Baptist Church ; baptized by Dr. A. G. 
Palmer, — his first candidate ; studied in Bacon 
Academy ; licensed in Colchester in 1842 ; preached 
two years in East Haddam ; ordained at Avon, 
Sept. 23, 1846 ; subsequent settlements were at 
North Haven, Cromwell, Lee, and Sturbridge. 
Mass. ; at Willington, Suffield, and other places in 



Connecticut ; has had five sons and a daughter ; 
one son. Rev. George B., was pastor of Baptist 
church in Ashland, but is now dead ; one son. Rev. 
Lester L., is now pastor at Everett, Mass. 

Potter, Rev. Daniel C, was born in Stoning- 
ton. Conn., March 1.5, 18-50. He was baptized 
in Jersey City in 1865, into the North church. He 
graduated at Madison University in 1873, and was 
settled and ordained as pastor in the Sixth Street 
Baptist church. New York, in 1873. 

Special public attention has been called to him 
by his series of illustrated lectures, by the aid 
of stereopticon views, on European manners, art, 
and architecture. By travel abi-oad and by corre- 
spondence he has secured photographs of rivers, 
pools, and baptisteries in Oriental countries, which, 
with the temples connected with them, make his 
lectures on the mode of baptism of the ancients in- 
teresting and convincing. By an invention of his 
own, not yet disclosed, his magic lantern gives a 
better representation than any other in use. His 
pastorate in Sixth Street is successful, and promises 
to be a long one. For several years he has officiated 
as secretary of the New York Baptist Ministers' 
Conference. Mr. Potter's ministry is marked Vjy 
talent and spirituality. 

Potter, Deacon Giles, son of Elisha P. and 
Abigail (Lathrop) Potter, was born in Lisbon, 
Conn., Feb. 22, 1829; educated in common schools 
and at Leicester Academy, Mass., and graduated 
at York College in 1855, and converted in same 
year; baptized by Rev. S. D. Phelps, D.D., nnd 
united with First Baptist church in New Haven ; 
taught in the academy in East Hartford, in Con- 
necticut Literary Institution, Suffield, and in Hill's 
Academy and Esses Seminary ; chosen superin- 
tendent of Sunday-school in Essex in 18G0, and re- 
mains in that position to the present (1880) ; chosen 
deacon in 1865, and now holds the ofiice ; repre- 
sented Essex in the Legislature for three years, — 
from 1870 to 1873 ; selectman and justice of peace 
in Essex ; school visitor for fourteen years ; elected 
in 1873 agent of State board of education, and 
still holds the position ; of marked abilities, energy, 
prudence, and fidelity. 

Potter, Rev. Lester Lewis, son of Rev. C. W. 
Potter, was born in Colebrook, Conn., March 30, 
1858; educated at Connecticut Literary Institu- 
tion, and at Rochester, N. Y. ; baptized at the age 
often; licensed by the Baptist church in Willing- 
ton, Conn., at the age of sixteen ; during studies 
at Rochester supplied churches in Avon and West 
Somerset, N. Y. ; in April, 1879, settled with the 
Baptist church in Everett, Mass. 

Potter, Rev. "Walter McD., was a native of 
Rhode Island. He graduated the second in his 
class in Brown University, and pursued his theo- 
logical studies in Andover and Rochester. He was 



POTTER 



rOTTS 



the first Baptist minister in Colorado. The Bap- 
tist church at Denver was gathered under his labors. 
He collected the means for, and superintended in 
the construction of, the basement of the first Bap- 




REV. n'AI.TER m'd. potter. 

tist house of worship, when his health failed ; he 
returned to Providence, where he died, April 9, 
1866, aged twenty-nine years and eleven months. 
Few men have accomplished so much in so short 
a time. With a remarkable foresight he secured 
lands in and around Denver, which he bequeathed 
to the Home and Foreign Mission Societies, out of 
which they will realize together probably nearly 
$100,000. On account of the great interest that he 
felt in the Denver church, the Home Mission So- 
ciety has transferred a large portion of its share of 
their legacy to this church, which has enabled it 
to pay some $12,000 of debts, leaving a handsome 
balance of about as much more as a beginning to- 
wards the erection of another church edifice as a 
monument to its founder's memory. He was noted 
for positive convictions and a conscientious adher- 
ence to what he believed to be duty. He had tact 
to adapt himself to circumstances, so as to be suc- 
cessful in whatever he undertook. His life was 
brief, but long enough to form an established char- 
acter as an able, devoted servant of Jesus Christ. 

Potter, Hon. "William H., was born on Potter 
Hill, in the town of Westerly, R. I., Aug. 26, 1816. 
His father, Col. Henry Potter, commanded the 3d 
R. I. Regiment in the war of 1812. Col. Potter 
was a warm friend of education, and he took great 
pains to secure its advantages for his only son, Wil- 



liam. He sent him to Yale College, after he had 
lieen for years at schools and academies, that he 
might receive the best culture that New England 
could impart. He was compelled, through im- 
paired sight, to leave Yale before he graduated, but 
that institution recognized his literary standing, 
and in 18.52 ' bestowed upon him the honorary 
degree of A.M. 

For many years he made teaching his profession, 
and he obtained such a measure of success in that 
calling as cheered himself and gratified his friends, 
and bound the hearts of tlirongs of the young to 
him for life. 

By President Lincoln he was appointed assistant 
United States assessor of internal revenue, an oflBce 
which he held for several years. He was State sena- 
tor in the Connecticut Legislature from the seventh 
district for some time, and during that period his 
great worth as an instructor was abundantly proved. 
He was appointed chairman of the committee on 
education, and took an important part in the re- 
vision of the school code of his adopted State. So 
satisfactory were his labors in connection with 
legislation for education that he was appointed one 
of the four elective members of the State board of 
education. This position he held for two successive 
terms of four years each. He is now judge of pro- 
bate for the district in which he resides. He has 
been for many years a deacon of the Union Baptist 
church of Mystic River, Conn. ; loved and honored 
by the entire community in which he lives. 

He is a vigorous Baptist. AVhile his love for 
other Christians is large, his admiration for the 
Baptist denomination, the first community that 
bore the name of Christ, is unbounded. He knows 
the history of his religious ancestors, and can write 
it better than almost any other man in the '' Land 
of Steady Habits;" he knows their principles of 
liberty and love, and he would like to spread them 
everywhere ; he is a worthy man in all the rela- 
tions of life. 

Potts, Col. D. G,, was born in Sussez Co., Va., 
Aug. 27, 1810, and was educated in the neighbor- 
ing schools. He served for several years most effi- 
ciently as sherifi'of the county, being also engaged 
in farming and merchandising until 1844, when 
he removed to Petersburg, Va., and engaged in the 
commission business. In 1856 he was elected treas- 
urer of the Petersburg Railroad Company, which 
position he held with rare fidelity during nineteen 
years, up to 1875. In 1877 he was appointed by 
the President postmaster at Petersburg, which 
office he still holds. Col. Potts has always taken 
a deep interest in the well-being of the communi- 
ties where he has lived, and his integrity and ex- 
perience have made him a valuable counsellor in 
public affairs. He served in the city council of 
Petersburg from 1853 to 1868, and was senior al- 



POWELL 



931 



POWELL 



derman and chairman of the committee on public 
property during all that long period. He is as 
active and useful in church aifairs as he is in pub- 
lic. In 1836 he united with the Baptist church at 
Newville, Sussex Co. When he removed to that 
neighborhood in 1834 there was l)ut one professor 
of religion tiiere. Through his efforts and the 
preaching of Rev. J. L. Gwaltney, a church build- 
ing was erected and a church organized, and when 
he left there, in 1844, there was a large and flour- 
ishing congregation, and one of the most prosper- 
ous county Sunday-schools in the State. For more 
than forty years Col. Potts has been an active 
worker in the Sunday-school as teacher or super- 
intendent, and, what is something worthy of spe- 
cial mention, he was never once late at school. 
He has also served as deacon during all his long 
Christian life, and in all the spheres in which he 
moves no man is more highly honored and justly 
esteemed. 

Powell, Rev. Joab, was one of the most remark- 
ably successful and eccentric preachers in Oregon. 
Whenever it was known that he would preach the 
entire population crowded to hear him. He was 
born in Claiborne Co., Tenn., July 16, 1799. He 
was baptized in 1824, and joined the Berean church ; 
removed to Missouri ; licensed in 1830, and soon 
after was ordained by the Salem church, which 
was anti-mission, while he was a missionary Bap- 
tist. Soon after he went to the Blue Springs. The 
county judge, Richard Stanley, said to him, as he 
had said to others, supposing that he also was anti- 
mission, "If your mission is only to preach to the 
sheep and lambs, you need not come here, for we 
have no sheep and lambs." Mr. Powell replied, 
"My mission is to poor sinners." The judge said, 
" Then you can preach for us." lie did so, built 
a large church, and baptized 1.50. He continued 
many years as a frontier preacher ; removed to 
Oregon in 1852 ; went about everywhere, some- 
times acting as pastor, but was almost constantly 
doing the work of an evangelist. His discourses 
were earnest and full of sharp points. His audi- 
■ ences were kept in tears and smiles, and when the 
sermon was over he would sing, exhort, pray, and 
entreat by times, until the most obdurate would 
yield. After a long and useful life, beloved by 
his church, he died Jan. 25, 1873. 

Powell, Rev. Robert, was a native of Massa- 
chusetts, but removed with his parents to Hamil- 
ton, N. Y., in 1805, where he experienced religion 
■while yet a child. He commenced preaching when 
young, and was permitted to enjoy the service 
nearly sixty years. In 1817 he was one of the 
thirteen who in prayer together, and the ofiering 
of a dollar each to the object, organized the Ham- 
ilton Institution. He was for some years the last 
survivor of that honored band. Coming to Michi- 



gan in 1832, he was, until his death, in 1875, one 
of the most trusted and loved standard-bearers of 
the denomination. Highly gifted in voice and song, 
of an excellent spirit, with clearness of reason and 
native eloquence, he was a good and able minister 
of Christ. He died at Clinton, his home in Mich- 
igan, in his eightieth year. 

Powell, Rev. Thomas.— No name is linked in 
more interesting ways with early Baptist history 
in Illinois than that of Rev. Thomas Powell. He 
was born, Dec. 9, 1801, in the town of Alierga- 
venny, Monmouthshire, South AVales. In his fif- 
teenth year he experienced conversion, and united 
with the Baptist church in his native town. In 
the year 1818 he emigrated to New York, and 
united with the Mulberry Street Baptist church 
in that city, under the pastoral care of Dr. Archi- 
bald Maclay. At that time there were in the city 
only six Baptist churches, namely. Gold Street, 
Fayette Street, afterwards called Oliver Street, 
Mulberry Street, Van Dam Street, Broome Street, 
and Anthony Street. In Brooklyn there was no 
Baptist chui'ch. In the year 1822, Mr. Powell was 
licensed by the Mulberry Street church, and al- 
though not ordained, was called out and encour- 
aged to preach in Iloboken, Brooklyn, Newark, 
and other places in the vicinity. He had enjoyed 
advantages of education, which enabled him then 
to begin at once an active ministry, which may be 
said to date from the year named, 1822. Subse- 
quently he was ordained, and appointed a mission- 
ary to labor at Newburgh and Cornwall, in Orange 
County. He was later called to the pastorate of 
the church in Hudson, but after some months re- 
signed, and became pastor in Milton, Saratoga Co., 
where he remained in care of the church nearly 
ten years. 

While Mr. Powell resided in Milton members of 
the church and others were from time to time re- 
moving to the West. This circumstance, and the 
representations then made as to the religious des- 
titution of the Valley of the Mississippi, induced 
him, contrary to the opinion and advice of many 
warm friends in the church at Milton, to volunteer 
as missionary of the Home Mission Society. lie 
accordingly removed to Illinois in 1836. Rev. Jon- 
athan Going, D.D., was at that time the correspond- 
ing secretary of the society. He made his home at 
first in La Salle County, although the first churches 
organized by him were in Putnam County, at Hen- 
nepin and Granville. At this time there was no 
Association organized between the northern bound- 
ary of the State and Springfield save one, the North- 
ern Association, including the one church in Chi- 
cago. Nearly all the churches now included in 
the Ottawa Association were organized by Mr. 
Powell, and some connected with other Associa- 
tions. He shared also in organizing the Illinois 



POWELL 



932 



POWELL 



River Association. In the various forms of de- 
nominational activity within the State he has ac- 
tively shared, while engaged during many years in 
fruitful missionary labors over wide districts of 
country. To no man is the denomination more 
indebted for its prosperity and growth, especially 
in the earlier history of the State. 

Powell, Rev. T. W., was born Sept. 12, 1836, 
at Chesterville, 0. He graduated at Denison Uni- 
versity, Granville, 0., in 1863, having paid his way 
mostly by teaching. lie took a select course in 
theology at Hamilton Theological Seminary, N. Y. 
He became pastor at Tiffin, 0., in 1865. He 
was called to Davenport, Iowa, in September, 
1868. Here the church enjoyed almost a constant 
revival for a year and a half, during which time 
he baptized over 130 persons. From overwork in 
long continuous meetings his health gave way, and 
he resigned in the autumn of 1870. After a year's 
rest, during which he did some mission work at 
Tama City, he settled with the First Baptist 
church in Minneapolis, Minn., in October, 1871. 
After two and a half years his health failed again, 
and he spent a year and a half in recruiting, mostly 
in the South. In the summer of 1875 he once more 
returned to Iowa. After supplying the church at 
Pella for a few months, he was recalled to Daven- 
port. After three years in a second pastorate with 
this church, he resigned to enter upon work at 
Marshalltown. Here the church has paid a cum- 
bersome debt of many years' standing, and is enjoy- 
ing prosperity. 

Powell, Vavasor, was born in Radnorshire, 
Wales, in 1617. Through his parents he was con- 
nected with the first families in North Wales. 
AVhen young he was taught the learned languages, 
and he became a successful student in pursuit 
of general knowledge. He received his univer- 
sity education at Jesus College, Oxford. In his 
youth he was the most mischievous boy in the 
neighborhood in which he lived. When he first 
officiated as an Episcopal minister, he says that 
" he was a reader of common prayers, in the 
habit of a foolish shepherd, that he slighted the 
Scriptures, was a stranger to secret and spii'itual 
prayer, and a great profaner of the Sabbath." 

By reading Puritan books, hearing sermons 
which they preached, and by conversations with 
them, Mr. Powell was led to the Saviour, and his 
heart and character were completely changed. Soon 
after this he forsook the Episcopal Church. His 
preaching now became the most powerful agency 
in Wales. Wherever he went multitudes waited 
upon his ministry, and large numbers were renewed 
by the Holy Spirit and became followers of the 
Lainb. Opposition was stirred up by his burning 
eloquence and his unexampled success ; and in 1642 
he went to London, where his popularity was nearly 



as great, in a little time, as it was in AVales. He 
received a pressing invitation to settle in Dartford, 
in Kent, which he accepted, and there he founded a 
church, and brought many souls to the Redeemer. 

In 1646, Mr. Powell was frequently importuned 
to return to Wales. He knew its language better 
than he understood any other. The people re- 
garded him as an apostle. That country seemed 
more free from a pei-secuting spirit than it had 
been, and its people were in the most deplorable 
ignorance about the salvation of the Saviour, with 
but few ministers to point them to the light of 
Christ; and having received a testimonial to his 
godly life, and to his " able gifts for the work of 
the ministry," signed by Charles Ilcrte and seven- 
teen members of the Westminster Assembly of 
Divines, he returned to AVales and resumed his 
labors among his countrymen. Crosby says that 
" he frequently preached in two or three places in 
a day, and he was seldom two days in a week 
throughout the year out of the pulpit; nay, he 
would sometimes ride an hundred miles in a week 
and preach in every place where he might have 
admittance, either night or day ; so that there was 
hardly a church, chapel, or town hall in all Wales 
where he had not preached." He proclaimed 
Jesus at fairs, markets, and wherever there was a 
gathering of people. He preached the glorious 
gospel upon mountains, in jails, and even in the 
houses of persecuting magistrates. He was once 
arrested in Brecknockshire, about 10 p.m., with 
fifty or sixty of his hearers, and confined during 
the night in a church. At midnight he preached a 
sermon to his companions and captors from the 
words, " Fear not them who kill the body." During 
the service the most malevolent of his persecutors 
wept bitterly. Next morning when brought to the 
house of the justice that functionary was tempora- 
rily absent, and while waiting for his return Mr. 
Powell preached again. The justice was indignant 
to find his house turned into a conventicle, but two 
of his daughters were deeply moved by the truth 
which fell from the lips of the fearless man of God. 
Before 1660 Mr. Powell had formed more than 
twenty churches, of which some had two, some 
three, and some four or five hundred members. 
Mr. Powell at one time had 20,000 followers in 
Wales, and has been properly designated the White- 
field of that principality. 

Mr. Powell was a Calvinist, holding and pi'eaeh- 
ing election, effectual calling, final perseverance, 
full justification by faith, and the absolute need of 
the Divine Spirit to give a man power to will and 
to do the things that please God. He was also a 
Baptist. 

He had no fear of men, or jails, or death in his 
heart. He was a strong republican, and he openly 
denounced the protectorship of Cromwell when his 



POWERS 



933 



PRATT 



power was dreaded by all Europe ; and Cromwell 
was so apprehensive of his influence that he 
arrested him. He spent eight yeai-s in thirteen 
prisons. And he died in the Fleet jail, in London, 
in the eleventh year of his incarceration, Oct. 27, 
167]. His death was unusually blessed ; the power 
and love of God filled his soul with enthusiasm in 
the miseries of a cell and in the agonies of a dis- 
tressing complaint. 

He was the author of nine works, one of which 
was a Concordance. Mr. Powell was an ardent 
lover of the Bible. 

The footprints of Powell are seen all over Wales 
to-day, and many of his religious descendants have 
crossed the Atlantic to build up the mighty denom- 
ination whose name is dear to us, and whose liberty 
of conscience has given freedom to the churches of 
America. 

Powers, Rev. J. Pike, a talented minister, and 
one who is greatly esteemed for his piety and use- 
fulness, was born in Westmoreland Co., Va., Aug. 
4, 1842. He removed to Kentucky in 1855, was 
engaged some years in mercantile business at 
Augusta, and was afterwards pi-esident of the Ex- 
change Bank of Kentucky at Mount Sterling. He 
was educated at Augusta and Georgetown Colleges, 
and afterwards spent two years at the Southern 
Baptist Theological Seminary. He united with 
the Baptist church at Georgetown, Ky., in 1857, 
and was ordained to the ministry at Augusta in 
1869, and immediately appointed missionary of 
Bracken Association. Among the churches he 
founded while acting in this capacity was the church 
at Mount Stei-ling, of which he was chosen pastor, in 
which capacity he has since labored. Mr. Powers 
has performed much missionary work, and caused 
to be erected three good houses of worship and one 
parsonage. 

Pratt, Rev. Dura D., was born in Marlborough, 
Vt., July 13, 1806. Having removed to Worcester, 
Mass., he was brought under the influence of the 
ministry of Rev. Jonathan Going, by whom he 
was baptized into the fellowship of the First Bap- 
tist church in that city. Called of God, as he be- 
lieved, to the ministry of his Son, he prepared 
himself for his work, and in 1832 was invited to 
take the pastorate of the Baptist church in Nashua, 
N. H., where he had a most successful ministry for 
twenty-three years, baptizing during that period 
not far from 600 individuals. He died of paralysis 
Nov. 13, 1855. " Mr. Pratt was among the best min- 
isters of the Baptist denomination in the State of 
New Hampshire. He was uncompromising in his 
opinions and fearless in defending them, yet kind 
and conciliatory in treating of the views of others. 
He was remarkable for his clear foresight and ju- 
dicious management in times of difficulty and trial. 
He studied to know his people and adapt his labors 



to their wants. He was highly evangelical and 
practical in his preaching, seizing on those points 
of Scripture with great vigor which were appropri- 
ate to the existing state of afi'airs." These are 
words of warm commendation, but justly deserved. 

Pratt, John, D.D , educator, and founder of 
Denison University, 0., was liorn in Windham Co.. 
Conn., Oct. 12, 1800. lie spent most of his early 
life on a farm and in a mill. By dint of un- 
daunted energy and much lonely night study he 
succeeded in fitting himself to teach a public school. 
At the age of twenty he went to Amherst Academy, 
Mass., where he prepared for college. After spend- 
ing nearly four years in Columbian College, Wash- 
ington, D. C, he entered Brown University, and 
graduated in 1827, and, after a short professorship 
in Transylvania University, Ky., became pastor of 
the First church. New Haven, Conn. In 1831 he 
was principal of South Reading Academy for six 
months, and then accepted a call froni the trustees 
of Granville Literary and Theological Institution 
to take charge of the same. In 1833 this school, 
then very weak and badly housed, was incor- 
porated, and Prof. Pratt was made president. In 
1837 he resigned the presidency, and became Pro- 
fessor of Ancient Languages, which position he re- 
tained, with slight interruptions, until 1859, when 
he retired to private life.. In 1878 the degree of 
D.D. was conferred upon him by Denison Uni- 
versity. He has been twice married. His first 
wife. Miss Mary Glover Corey, to whom he was 
married in 1830, was a sister of Mrs. Dr. B. Sears. 
In 1855 he married Susan C. Wheeler, of Licking 
Co., 0. 

Dr. Pratt has been one of the most prominent 
and firemost of Ohio Baptists. His work in Deni- 
son University is his monument. As a teacher, he 
was unrivaled. Dr. Turney, late of Washington, 
D. C, said of him that he had no superiors and but 
few equals in the professor's chair. His long life 
has been characterized by signal devotion to the 
cause of education and religion, and his sacrifices 
for these objects have been numerous and great. 
Taking in view the struggles of his early life, his 
career has been very remarkable. His closing 
days are being spent on his farm near Granville, 
the scene of his life-long toil. 

Pratt, WiUiam M., D.D., was born in Madison 
Co., N. Y., Jan. 13, 1S17. After a common school 
and academic preparation, he entered Hamilton 
University, where he took the full course in letters 
and theology, graduating in 1839. He married 
Miss Julia A., daughter of Rev. John Peck, and sub- 
sequently removed to Crawfordsville, Ind., where 
he preached, and taught a school for young ladies. 
In 1845 he took charge of the First Baptist church 
in Lexington, Ky., to which he ministered seventeen 
years. He was several years corresponding secre- 



PREDESTINA TION 



934 



PREDES TINA TION 



tary of the board of the General Association of 
Baptists in Kentucky. In 1869 he removed to 
New Albany, Ind., where he preached two years 
to Bank Street church, after which he located in 
Louisville, Ky., and engaged in the book-trade, at 
the same time preaching on the Lord's day for 
Broadway and Walnut Street churches. In 1871 
he became pastor of the church at Shelbyville, Ky. 
In a few years he returned to Lexington, where he 
now lives, and is supplying several churches in the 
vicinity. He is an able preacher, an excellent busi- 
ness man, and has contributed largely towards es- 
tablishing Baptist interests in Kentucky. 

Predestination is one of the revealed doctrines 
of God's Word. Moses says, " Secret things belong 
unto the Lord our God, but those which are 
revealed belong unto us and to our children for- 
ever." — Dent. xxix. 29. Predestination is fre- 
quently noticed by the inspired writers, and con- 
sequently, as a portion of God's revelation, it 
belongs to us. We should lovingly receive it, and 
try to understand it, and never slight the Mighty 
One by whose authority prophets, apostles, and 
evangelists penned the sacred writings, by attempt- 
ing to argue it out of the Scriptures, or to pass it 
by as a dreaded mystery, of which we should not 
think, and which the Spirit ought not to have re- 
vealed. 

TT/yoopiCu in the New Testament means to prede- 
termine, to predestinate. Paul says, " In whom 
also we have obtained an inheritance, being pre- 
destinated, according to the purpose of him who 
worketh all things after the counsel of his own 
will." — Eph. i. 11. According to this statement 
saints enjoy an inheritance because God pre- 
destinated them to it, and the same Almighty 
Ruler " worketh all things after the counsel of his 
own will," in heaven and on earth. Predestina- 
tion is the foreordination of believers to heaven, 
and the instrumentalities by which they are to be 
converted, preserved, and rendered triumphant, and 
it is the foreordination of all the occurrences of 
earth. The celestial worlds are governed by laws 
ordained ages ago, and constraining such exact 
obedience that men can tell everything, with un- 
erring certainty, about various changes that ai-e to 
take place in the sun, moon, and stars from the 
past movements of these heavenly bodies. Calvin 
beautifully says, " There is no power among all 
the creations more wonderful or illustrious than 
that of the sun ; for, besides his illumination of the 
whole world by his splendor, how astonishing it is 
that he cherishes and enlivens all animals by his 
heat; with his rays inspires fecundity into the 
earth ; from the seeds genially warmed in her 
bosom produces a green herbage, which, being 
supported by fresh nourishment, he increases and 
strengthens until it rises into stalks ; feeds them 



with perpetual exhalations till they grow into 
blossoins, and from blossoms to fruit, which he 
then by his influences brings to maturity; that 
trees likewise and vines by his genial warmth first 
put forth leaves, then blossoms, and from the blos- 
soms produce their fruit." But the sun, and every 
plant and animal on earth, are governed by pre- 
destinated laws, enacted at their creation. This 
doctrine applies to all human events. 

Speaking of the decrees 'of God in reference to 
the transactions affecting men for good or evil in 
this life, the celebrated Jonathan Edwards says, 
"Whether God hath decreed all things that ever 
came to pass or not, all that own the being of a 
God, own that he knows all things beforehand. 
Now it is self-evident, that if he knows all things 
beforehand, he either doth approve of them, that 
is, he either is willing they should be, or he is not 
willing they should be. But to will that they 
should be is to deci-ee them. . . . That we should 
say, that God has decreed every action of men, 
yea, every action that is sinful, and every circum- 
stance of those actions, that he predetermines that 
they shall be in every respect as they afterwards 
are ; that he determines that there shall be such 
actions, and just so sinful as they are, and yet that 
God does not decree the actions that are sinful, as 
sin, but decrees them as good, is really consistent. 
For we do not mean by decreeing an action as sin- 
ful the same as decreeing an action so that it shall 
be sinful. ... So God, though he hates a thing as 
it is simply, may incline to it with reference to the 
universality of things. Though he hates sin in 
itself, yet he may will to permit it for the greater 
promotion of holiness in this universality, in- 
cluding all things, and at all times. So, though 
he has no inclination to a creature's misery, con- 
sidered absolutely, yet he may will it for the greater 
promotion of happiness in this universality. . . . 
lie wills to permit sin, it is evident, because he 
does permit it."* This account of predestination 
is clear, almost complete, and in harmony with 
the Word of God. It may be summed up in these 
words : God governs the world by decrees of per- 
mission for evils, and of appointment, for proper 
things, and in this way he foreordains everything 
on earth, and is the absolute ruler of all tilings. 

The late Dr. Richard Fuller says, " The Liberta- 
rians reject the doctrine of predestination ; they 
deny that God has foreordained all things. But 
how can this negation be even mentioned without 
shocking our reason and our reverence for the 
oracles of God ? I might easily show that nothing 
is gained by this denial, that it only removes the 
difficulty a little farther back. This system rejects 
predestination, <and maintains that God has left all 

* Works of Jonathan Edwards, ii. 525, 527, 528. London, 1840. 



PREDESTINA TION 



935 



PREDESTINATION 



men to act as they choose. But what is meant by 
a man's acting as he chooses ? It is of course that 
he obeys the impulses of his own feelings and pas- 
sions. Well, did not God endow him with these 
passions? Did not God know that if certain temp- 
tations assailed tlie creature to whom he had given 
these passions he would fiill? Did he not foresee 
that these temptations would assail him ? Did he 
not permit these temptations to assail him? Could 
he not have prevented" these temptations? Why 
did he form him with these passions? Why did 
he allow him to be exposed to these temptations? 
AVhy, in short, — having a perfect foreknowledge 
that such a being, so constituted and so tempted, 
would sin and perish, — why did he create him at 
all? None will deny the divine foreknowledge; 
and I at once admit that the mere foreseeing an 
event, which we cannot hinder, and have no agency 
in accomplishing, does not involve us in any re- 
sponsibility. But when the Creator, of his own 
sovereign pleasure, calls an intelligent agent into 
being, fashions him with certain powers and appe- 
tites, and places him amid scenes where he clearly 
sees that temptations will overcome him, — in such 
a case it is self-evident that our feeble faculties can- 
not separate foreknowledge from foreordination. 
The denial of preordination does not, therefore, at 
all relieve any objection, it only conceals the diffi- 
culty from the ignorant and unthinking. 

''But even if the theory of the Libertarians were 
not a plain evasion, it would be impossible for us 
to accept such a solution ; for it dethrones Jeho- 
vah ; it surrenders the entire government of the 
world to mere chance, to wild caprice and disorder. 
Accoi-ding to this system, nature, providence, are 
only departments of atheism ; God has no control 
over the earth and its affairs ; or, if that be too 
monstrous and revolting, he exercises authority 
over matter, but none over the minds and hearts 
of men. ' The king's heart is in the hands of the 
Lord, as rivers of water he turneth it whithersoever 
he will,' — such is the declaration of the Holy Spirit ; 
but this theory rejects this truth. God exercises 
no control over men's hearts, consequently proph- 
ecy is an absurdity, providence is a chimera, prayer 
is a mockery, since God does not interfere in mortal 
events, but abandons all to the wanton humors and 
passions of myriads of independent agents, none 
of whose whims and impulses he restrains, by 
whom his will is constantly defeated and trampled 
under foot. A creed so odious, so abhorrent to all 
reason and religion, need only to be carried out to 
its consequences and no sane mind can adopt it."* 

The Scriptui-al authority for this doctrine is un- 
questionable. Nebuchadnezzar dreams of a great 
image (Daniel ii.) with a golden head, the breast 

* Baptist Doctrines, pp. 483-85. St. Louis, 1880. 



and the arms of silver, a brazen body and thighs, 
legs of iron, and feet part of iron and part of clay ; 
a stone cut without hands destroys the image, be- 
comes a great mountain, and fills the world. The 
golden head was the kingdom of Nebuchadnezzar, 
thesilver arms the Medo-Persian empire, the brazen 
body the Macedonian dominion, and the iron legs, 
and feet partly iron and partly clay, the govern- 
ment of Rome. The stone cut without hands was 
Christ's coming kingdom and conquests that would 
destroy all existing empires and fill the whole world 
with the agenciesof its universal authority. These 
events, except the destruction of Nebuchadnezzar's 
kingdom, were ages in the future, but they were 
predetermined and absolutely certain. The same 
thing was true of the second dream of the king, — 
the dream of the cutting down of the great tree 
"whose height reached unto heaven, and the sight 
unto the end of all the earth.'' It foretold the in- 
security of the king and his removal from the throne 
for seven years; this heaven-preordained calamity 
fell upon the king soon after. The present con- 
dition of the Jews, and their state for ages, was 
preordained of God : " I will deliver them, saitli 
the Lord, to be removed to all the kingdoms of the 
earth, to be a curse and an astonishment, and a 
hissing, and a reproach, among all the nations 
whither I have driven them." — Jer. xxix. 18. " I 
will sift the house of Israel among all nations, like 
as corn is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least 
grain fall upon the earth." — -Amos ix. 9. Isaiah 
(vi. 11, 12) foretelling evils for the Jews, says, 
"Lord, how long? And he answered, 'Until the 
cities be wasted without inhabitant, and the houses 
without man, and the land be utterly desolate.' " 
" Be not dismayed, Israel, for, behold, I will save 
thee from afiir off, and thy seed from the land of 
their captivity ; and Jacob shall return, and be in 
rest and at ease, and none shall make him afraid. 
I will make a full end of all the nations whither 
I have driven thee : but I will not make a full end 
of thee, but correct thee in measure : yet will I not 
utterly cut thee off, or leave thee wholly unpun- 
ished." — Jer. xlvi. 27, 28. The Jews have been 
scattered into all lands, and they are everywhere 
unjustly regarded as a " reproach and a hissing" ; 
they have been sifted among the nations, but no 
grain of Israel has taken root in the lands of their 
exile; their country and their cities are desolate; 
he has not wholly cut off Israel, and he is evidently 
awaiting the right time to restore them to their 
country and their God. These events were predes- 
tinated and foretold thousands of years ago. 

In the fifth chapter of Revelation, the Lamb 
standing in the midst of the throne took the won- 
derful book with seven seals, the book of providen- 
tial decrees ; for he has all power in heaven and 
on earth, and he opened seal after seal, ushering 



PREDESTINA TION 



PREDESTINA TION 



in a vast train of events running over many ages ; 
but these great issues were all predestinated, fore- 
told, and recorded in a book before any of them 
became realities. Peter, addressing the Jews, says 
of Christ, "Him, being delivered by the determi- 
nate counsel and foreknowledge of God, ye have 
taken, and by wicked hands have crucified and 
slain." — Acts ii. 23. " For of a truth against thy 
holy child Jesus, whom thou hast anointed, both 
Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and 
the people of Israel, were gathered together, for 
t) do whatsoever thy hand and thy counsel deter- 
mined before (literally, predestinated) to be done." 
—Acts iv. 27, 28. Every item in the Saviour's 
death occurred by the determinate counsel and fore- 
knowledge of God, even to the carrying out of the 
prophetic record, '" A bone of him shall not be 
broken." The Jews actuated by malice, Satan 
prompted liy murderous hate, Pilate controlled by 
cruel selfishness, and the people misled by base 
slanders, demanded the Saviour's blood, and with- 
out intending or desiring it, they inflicted upon 
Jesus " Whatsoever God's hand and counsel deter- 
mined before should be done ;" and what occurred 
in the Saviour's death governs the whole transac- 
tions of earth ; as Augustine, quoted approvingly 
by Calvin, says, " Nothing could be more absurd 
than for anything to happen independently of the 
ordination of God, because it would happen at ran- 
dom."* " Our days are determined, the number 
of our months is with him, he has appointed our 
bounds that we cannot pass, he doeth according to 
his will in the army of heaven, and among the in- 
habitants of the earth." 

The Philadelphia Confession of Faith says, " God 
hath decreed in himself from all eternity, by the 
most wise and holy counsel of his own will, freely 
and unchangeably all things whatsoever comes to 
pass ; yet so as thereby is God neither the author 
of sin, nor hath fellowship with any therein, nor is 
violence offered to the will of the creature, nor yet 
is the liberty or contingency of second cause taken 
away, but rather established, in which appears his 
wisdom in disposing all things, and power and 
faithfulness in accomplishing his decree. 

" Although God knoweth whatsoever may, or 
can come to pass upon all supposed conditions, yet 
hath he not decreed anything, because he foresaw 
it as future, or as that which would come to pass 
upon such conditions." — Chap. iii. 1, 2. 

The "Westminster Confession of Faithf has the 
two clauses of the Philadelphia Confession just 
quoted; the only change is "ordain" for "de- 
creed," in the first section of the Philadelphia ar- 



* Calvin's Institutes, lib. i. cap. Ifi, se( 

t The Constitution of the Presbyter 

States of America, p. 256. Pbiladelphii 



Church in the United 



tide, and the words " in which appears his wisdom 
in disposing all things, and power and faithfulness 
in accomplishing his decree." 

The seventeenth article of the Episcopal Church 
of England says, " Predestination to life is the 
everlasting purpose of God, whereby, before the 
foundations of the world were laid, he hath con- 
stantly decreed by his counsel, secret to us, to de- 
liver from curse and damnation those whom he 
hath chosen in Christ out of mankind, and to bring 
them by Christ to everlasting salvation, as vessels 
made to honor. Wherefore they which be endued 
with so excellent a benefit of God be called accord- 
ing to God's purpose by his Spirit working in due 
season ; they through grace obey the calling ; they 
be justified freely; they be made sons of God by 
adoption ; they be made like the image of his only- 
begotten Son Jesus Christ ; they walk religiously 
in good works, and at length by God's mercy they 
attain to everlasting felicity." 

Predestination, the foreordination of all the elect 
to heaven, and of all the instrumentalities to secure 
their conviction and preservation until they reach 
the skies, and the preappointment of all earthly 
occurrences, is the doctrine of all British Presby- 
terians, and their American religious descendants, 
of all regular Baptists, and of the celebrated 
Thirty-Nine Articles of the Episcopal Church. 

In no sense does this doctrine interfere with our 
responsibility for our acts. The Jews on the day 
of Pentecost who heard from Peter that by " the 
determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God" 
they had killed the Lord, gathered no comfort from 
the divine predestination of the Saviour's death ; 
on the contrary, as they heard Peter's sermon 
" they were pricked in their heart, and said unto 
Peter, and to the rest of the apostles, ' Men and 
brethren, what shall we do?^ " They knew the act 
was theirs, and nothing in the universe could make 
them think otherwise. 

Dr. Thomas Rei(l,J one of the most eminent 
mental philosophers of modern times, says, "We 
have by our constitution a natural conviction or 
belief that we act freely ; a conviction so early, so 
universal, and so necessary in most of rational 
operations, that it must be the result of our con- 
stitution, and the work of him that made us. If 
any one of our natural faculties be fallacious there 
can be no reason to trust to any of them, for he that 
made one made all." We are conscious that a par- 
ticular sin is ours ; if we cannot believe our con- 
sciousness about that, we can be sure of nothing, we 
must doubt everything. Men sin because they de- 
sire to do it ; they transgress without constraint, 
and they know it. Judas did not pretend to charge 



X Essays on the Powers of the Human Miii 
don, 1822. 



. iii. p. 245. Lon- 



PREDESTINA TION 



937 



PRESSLEY 



his crime on predestination, nor did the three 
thousand on the day of Pentecost, and no man 
true to his own consciousness ever will in this or 
any other world. 

The Scriptures assume that all sinners perpe- 
trate their iniquities of their own free will, and 
hence the publican is represented by the Saviour 
as praying, " Lord, be merciful to me, a sinner," 
and the prodigal, " I liave sinned against heaven 
and in thy sight, and I am no more worthy to be 
called thy son." This language would be absurdly 
false if the publican and prodigal were compelled 
by <a decree of God or man to sin. If he who made 
a mother's heart, and gave a Saviour to die for us, 
by his undoubted predestination of all events com- 
pelled men to sin, there would be pity for unfor- 
tunate and unwilling transgressors in his bosom, 
but no pains from him for them in any world, and 
no day of judgment. But our own consciousness, — 
by which we are aware that we see, hear, feel pain, 
and have the Saviour in our affections, — the instru- 
mentality by which we learn everything outside 
of ourselves, tells us that we sin of our own choice, 
and that the guilt is ours. It makes each of us 
say, " Against tliee, thee only, have I sinned and 
done this evil in thy sight." And its statements 
must be true. The whole Scriptures charge their 
iniquities upon men, and it would indicate insanity, 
or a hypocrisy never developed in the most outrage- 
ous deceivers of our race, to charge them upon others 
than those who perpetrate them. 

We do not pretend to reconcile predestination 
and human freedom to sin. God asserts both, and 
has not seen fit to show us how they agree ; and 
while we are absolutely certain that both doctrines 
are true, we leave any apparent lack of harmony 
between them to the light of an eternal morning. 
As Dr. Richard Fuller, speaking of these two great 
facts, says, " I have shown that both these doctrines 
are true, and of course that there is no discrepancy 
between them. I have shown that it is impossible 
for us to resist either of these great truths, and it 
is equally impossible for our minds to reconcile 
them. But here, as everywhere, faith must come 
to our aid, teaching us to repose unquestionably 
upon God's veracity." 

God has predestinated the continuance of harvest 
while the earth remaineth, but he has also predes- 
tinated the perpetual return of seed-time, and both 
are preappointed together. If a farmer were to 
say, " God has foreordained the annual coming of 
a harvest forever, therefore I shall sow nothing," 
his Scripture-reading neighbor would inform him 
that he had also foreordained the planting of seed 
just before and in connection with the predesti- 
nated harvest. "While the earth remaineth, seed- 
time and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer 
and winter, and day and night, shall not cease." 



So is it with spiritual blessings, and the means of 
securing them. If a man is predestinated to eternal) 
life, it is foreordained that he shall repent, that he 
shall strive to enter in at the strait gate, that he 
shall believe upon Jesus, that he shall lead a holy 
life, that he shall be a man of prayer, that he shall 
be anxious to lead sinners to Christ, and that lie 
shall in some measure be faithful unto death. 
Paul, in his passage to Rome, when the storm was 
very alarming, said to his companions in peril, 
'■ there should be no loss of any man"s life among 
you, but of the ship." God had predetermined 
this ; but when the sailors were about to desert 
the vessel, he said to the soldiers and prisoners on 
board, " Except these abide in the ship, ye cannot 
be saved." — Acts xxvii. 22, 31. It was also fore- 
ordained of God that the sailors should stay and 
work the vessel. So is it with the saint's predesti- 
nation to life eternal ; with this there are the fol- 
lowing foreordinations of God : " I am the vine, ye 
are the branches: He that abideth in me, and I in 
him, the same bringetli forth much fruit: for with- 
out me ye can do nothing. If a man abide not in 
me, he is cast forth as a branch, and is withered; 
and men gather them, and cast them into the fire, 
and they are burned. If ye abide in me, and my 
words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will, and 
it shall be done unto you. Herein is my Father 
glorified, that ye bear much fruit ; so shall ye be 
my disciples. Ye have not chosen me, but I have 
chosen you, and ordained you, that you should go , 
and bring forth fruit, and that your fruit should 
remain." — John xv. 5-8, 16. And when a believer 
sees these evidences of predestination in himself, 
the words of the poet are true of him, — 

" More happy, but not more secure, 
The glorifleJ spirits in heaveu." 

Prescott, Rev. JohnQ,., adlstinguished preacher 
and educator in Louisiana, was born in New Hamp- 
shire in 1820; while teaching in Alabama was 
ordained to the ministry ; for six years at the head 
of a large school at Macon, Miss. ; removed to 
Louisiana in 1852 ; was successively financial agent 
of Baptist State Convention, Professor of Math- 
ematics in Mount Lebanon University, and prin- 
cipal of Mount Lebanon Female College ; died in 
1867. 

Pressley, Judge B. C, veas born in York 
County, S. C. He is between fifty and sixty years 
of age, and has long been regarded as one of the 
ablest lawyers in the State. Gen. Connor, for 
some time attorney-general of South Carolina, once 
said to the writer, " Mr. Pressley prides himself on 
his skill in planting, at which he has never suc- 
ceeded, and thinks very little of himself as a law- 
yer. But I would as soon encounter any other 
man at the bar." This is not the first instance in 



PRESSLEY 



PRICE 



vhieh men of high order of talent have mistaken 
both their sti-ong and their weak points. He has 
l)een a circuit judge for several years, and there is 
Yiot an abler or a purer on the bench. He carries 
his natural urbanity and kindness into his high 
position as well as into private life. He is every- 
where the same Christian gentleman, and never 
ashamed of being a Baptist. 

Pressley, Judge John Gotea, was born in 
Williamsburg Co., S. C, May 24, 1833 ; descended 
on his father's side from the Scotch Covenanters, 
and on his mother's from the French Huguenots. 
His father was an eminent citizen and Presby- 
terian ruling elder. His mother, a woman of 
great piety. In 1851 he graduated high in his class 
from the South Carolina Military Academy, at 
Charleston. Studied law with a relative, Judge 
Benjamin C. Pressley, a man of great piety, through 
whose friendly conversation he was led to investi- 
gate the faith of Baptists, in order to vindicate the 
faith of his ancestors, Ijut the result was that he 
became a Baptist, and joined, by baptism, the Sec- 
ond church of Charleston, in 1854. In June, 1854, 
he was admitted to the bar before he was of age, 
by special dispensation of Presiding Judge J. B. 
O'Neall, a name dear to all Baptists in South Car- 
olina. He settled in Kingstree ; joined the Bap- 
tists ; helped to make the Bethlehem church re- 
spected and influential ; was ordained a deacon in 
1856 ; had a fine legal practice ; became a member 
of the State Legislature in 1858 ; and at the begin- 
ning of the war, inl861, joined the Confederate army 
as a captain ; rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel 
of 25th S. C. Vol. Regiment ; commanded it in 
every battle but one, until disabled by wounds, and 
often prayed with his men around the camp-fire. 
He was a brave soldier. He was trustee of Fur- 
man University, a frequent member of Baptist State 
Conventions, and in 1868 a member of the Southern 
Baptist Convention at Baltimore, which inaugu- 
rated the good feeling then fast growing between 
Southern and Northern Baptists. In 1869 he re- 
moved to California ; located at Suisun City ; joined 
the Dixon church ; entered into a lucrative practice ; 
helped to organize California College ; was a trus- 
tee and secretary of the college board until his re- 
moval to Santa Rosa, in 1873, when he joined the 
church there ; was chosen deacon and Sunday- 
school superintendent, and is a leader in the 
church. Moderator of Association, and known 
everywhere as an earnest Baptist. In 1875 he was 
elected county judge. In 1879 he was nominated 
by Democrats, and indorsed by Republicans, Work- 
ingmen, and the Temperance parties for superior 
judge, and elected, which position he occupies with 
distinguished ability. There are few happier Chris- 
tian homes than the one occupied by Judge Pressley 
and his wife at Santa Rosa, Cal. 



Prevaux, Rev. Francis Edward, was born in 
Amesbury, Mass., in 1822, and was a graduate of 
Brown University in the class of 1846, and pur- 
sued his theological studies at Newton. On leaving 
the institution he received an appointment from 
the American Baptist Home Missionary Society to 
go to California as a missionary to the new settle- 
ments of that State. He not only preached but 
engaged also in the work of teaching. Although 
his connection with the Home Missionary Society 
was not of long continuance, he remained in the 
vocation to which he deemed himself called by the 
voice of Providence. Ten years were devoted to 
his work, when the disease which terminated fatally 
compelled him to return to his Eastern friends in 
Salisbury, Mass., where he died May 12, 1860. 

Price, Rev. Jonathan D., in early life was a 
Presbyterian, and had studied at Princeton Col- 
lege. He was born and reared in New Jersey. 
Expecting to go as a missionary, in order to in- 
crease his usefulness he took a course in a medi- 
cal college at Philadelphia. While reading the 
news from the Baptist missions he was led to in- 
vestigate the subject of the ordinances, became a 
Baptist, was ordained at Philadelphia, shared with 
Judson the savage barbarities of Oung-pen-la, after- 
wards had a prospect of great influence with the 
king and court because of his medical skill, but 
died in 1828. His wife was the first female mis- 
sionary laid in the grave in Burmah. This early 
link between the Baptists of New Jersey and for- 
eign missions is calculated to animate zeal and ac- 
tivity in conquering the world for Christ. 

Price, Rev. Thomas, Ph.D., was born in Bre- 
eonshire, Wales, on the 17th of April, 1820. He 
was baptized into the fellowship of the Watergate 
Baptist church, Brecon, by the Rev. John Evans. 
At the age of twenty-one he left the rural scenes 
of this ancient Welsh town for the metropolis. 
Here he united at first with the Welsh church at 
Moorfields, and subsequently with the Eagle Street 
church, whence, in 1841, he was sent to Pontypool 
College to pursue his studies for the Christian min- 
istry. 

In 1845, Mr. Price was invited to assume the pas- 
toral charge of the Calvaria Baptist church in Aber- 
dare. It was at the time a feeble interest, and the 
only church of the Baptist faith (with perhaps one 
exception) in the whole of that vicinity. The 
growth of the town, in consequence of the develop- 
ment of large iron and coal interests, was rapid 
and substantial, but not more so than the growth 
of the Baptist cause under the vigorous administra- 
tion of Mr. Price. In 1851 a new building was 
decided upon, with a seating capacity for 1000 
hearers. The work of the succeeding ten years is 
unprecedented in the history of the denomination 
in Wales. Large and commodious churches were 



PRICE 



PRICHARD 



built at Llwydcoed, Mill Street, Cwmdare, Gadlys 
Ynislwyd, Aberanian, Cwmaman, Capcouch, and 
the edifice previously occupied by the AVelsh church 
was fitted up and used by a flourishing English con- 
gregation. 

In 1862 there were 3096 members in full com- 
munion in the Aberdare Valley, over 1000 at Cal- 
varia, the parent church, alone. No such record 
of aggressive work can be instanced of any other 
single pastor within the boundaries of the princi- 
pality. 

Nor has the great strength of this indefatig.able 
worker been confined to the interests of his own 
church. All the great movements of a social and 
political character find in him an energetic and 
commanding supporter. He has been, and still is, 
a prominent leader and moulder of public sentiment 
on every great question of social, national, and re- 
ligious interest. The citizens have on frequent oc- 
casions testified their appreciation of his services 
in a befitting manner. His pleasant home is a per- 
fect gallery of costly testimonials, indicating a life 
of remarkable activity and a versatility of talent 
rarely found in the same person. 

Dr. Price has been for many years on the staff 
of the Seven Gomen-, and was for a considerable 
period co-editor of the Gweon, an undenominational 
newspaper of wide influence. He was likewise joint 
editor of the Gweiihewo, a social and political paper, 
devoted mainly to the interests of the working 
classes. He was principal promoter and one of 
the editors of the Gwyliedydd and the Medelwo 
lewane, and was for many years chief editor of the 
Seven Cymru, the leading organ of the "Welsh 
Baptists in the principality. 

As lecturer and preacher, Dr. Price is known 
throughout the length and breadth of Great Britain. 
His realistic power is remarkable. He speaks of 
the remote past with a quaint familiarity which 
sometimes borders on the grotesque, but which is 
immensely effective on the popular mind. The 
simple narratives of Scripture seldom glow with a 
purer lustre than when garnished with his peculiar 
genius. In every form of descriptive speech he is 
an accomplished master. 

Long life and a glory-tinted old age to the vet- 
eran who has been so true and brave in the moral 
and spiritual conflicts of his country and his times ! 

Price, Rev. Thomas Jones, was born in the 

town of Hay, Breconshire, North Wales, March 9, 
1805 ; came with his parents to America in 1818, 
and settled in Clark Co., 0. ; was converted at the 
age of fifteen, and soon after began to preach, being 
then known as the boy preacher. His work was 
for the most part within the bounds of the Mad 
River Association, Ohio, over which he presided 
for thirty-nine years, and in which he exercised a 
controlling influence. He was somewhat eccentric 



in his methods of work, and had a special liking 
for the itinerant system, preaching at the same 
time for a number of churches. Being blessed 
with a competency, it was his delight to supply 
feeble churches, to help the poor, and to give to 
the cause of missions at home and abroad. Under 
the title of "Elder" Price he was known far and 
near, and is remembered most affectionately by 
thousands of people. He died April 15, 1876, and 
was buried at Urbana, 0. 

Prichard, John, D.D., was bom in the parish 
of Llaneilian, near Amlwch, "Wales, in the month 
of March, 1796. He was led to the acceptance of 
the Baptist faith from hearing a sermon preached 
by a distinguished Calvinistic Methodist (Rev. 
John Prytherch) on the sufferings of Christ, 
from the text, " I have a baptism to be baptized 
with, and how am I straitened until it is ac- 
complished?" He was immersed by the Rev. 
Thomas Rees Davies. He entered the college at 
Abergavenny at the age of twenty-five. His first 
and only settlement was Llangollen. He was a 
most in('.efatigable worker in the cause of Christ. 
His influence was felt more widely than that of 
any other pastor in the northern counties of the 
principality for many years. He labored diligently 
to establish an English church in Llangollen, and 
not without effect. In 1862 a college for the train- 
ing of young men for the Christian ministry was 
established largely through his influence, of which 
he became the president. 

Dr. Pi-ichard wrote much for the press. Early 
in his ministry he started a monthly magazine 
for the use of Baptist Sunday-schools, called Yr 
Athraw (The Teacher), which he conducted single- 
handed for many years. He likewise published a 
compendium of doctrines, called " The First Cate- 
chism," upwai-ds of thirty thousand copies of which 
were sold, not to mention the reprint of the same 
in this country. Many pamphlets of great value 
were likewise the production of his pen. 

He was an able and instructive preacher. Many 
of his contemporaries exceeded him in brilliancy, 
but in sanctified common sense and exalted piety 
he was unsurpassed. Few men served their age 
more faithfully and well. He died on the 7th of 
September, 1875, in his eightieth year. 

Prichard, Rev. John Lamb, was born in Pas- 
quotank Co., N. C. Prof. John Armstrong found 
him, at the age of twenty-three, a carpenter, and 
awakened in him a thirst for knowledge. The 
next year, 1835, he presented himself at Wake 
Forest Institute, then a manual labor school, with 
his kit of tools on his shoulder, and asked the priv- 
ilege of working for an education. In 1840 he 
graduated with honor, spent a year as master of 
an academy in Murfreesborough, N. C, and then, at 
the instance of the Rev. John Kerr, settled as pastor 



PRIME 



PIUTCHARD 



of the Danville Baptist church, in Virginia. Here 
he remained ten years, preaching a part of the time 
for the churches of Yanceyville and Milton, in 
North Carolina. In 1852 he removed to Lynch- 
burg, Va., where for four years he labored with 
intense ardor and distinguished success. 

In 1856 he became pastor of the First Baptist 
church of Wilmington, N. C, and at once entered 
upon the enterprise of erecting a new house of wor- 
ship. He was not permitted to finish this work, 
but he lived long enough to see that his labors 
would be rewarded by giving the Baptists of Wil- 
mington the handsomest church structure in the 
State. 

In 1862 the little blockade steamer " Kate"' 
brought the yellow fever to Wilmington, and 
among its last and noblest victims was this great 
and good man. He died a hero and a martyr, and 
his virtues have been fittingly commemorated in an 
admirable memoir by the Rev. J. D. IIufham,D.D. 
Mr. Prichard was twice married, first to Miss Mary 
B. Hinton, of Wake Co., N. C. His second wife 
was Miss Jane, eldest daughter of Dr. James B. 
Taylor, of Richmond, Va. His eldest son, Robert, 
graduated at Wake Forest College, and was an ac- 
cepted missionary to China, where he died. His 
eldest daughter, Mary, is the wife of Prof. Charles 
E. Taylor, of AVake Forest College. 

Prime, Rev. George M., was born in Vermont 
in 1802; received a liberal education, and entered 
upon the practice of medicine first in Mississippi and 
Louisiana. In 1830 he settled in Little Rock, Ark., 
where he continued some years, and then removed 
to Camden. He became a Baptist about 1858, while 
practising his profession in Franklin Parish, Ln. 
He was soon after ordained to the ministry, and 
in a few years returned to Arkansas and devoted 
himself entirely to the ministry. Dr. Prime was a 
fine writer, and at one time paid much attention 
to art as an amateur portrait-painter. He died at 
Eldorado, Ark., March 1, 1869. 

Prince Edward Island Baptists.— See article 
on Nova Scotia Baptists. 

Prior, Rev. John Thomas, a native of Georgia, 

was born in Madison, Morgan Co., Feb. 27, 1847. 
At the age of fifteen he was immersed, and joined 
the Bethlehem church, of which his father was an 
honored deacon. At the age of twenty-one he 
entei'ed Mercer University, and graduated from 
the full course in 1870. He began preaching early 
in life, under a license from the Bethlehem church. 
In 1871 he was ordained, and engaged in teaching 
in important schools of the South. In 1872 he 
accepted a call from the Dixon church, California, 
acting as associate pastor for fifteen months. In 
1874 he was pastor at Grand Island. The next 
five years he was pastor of the Hopewell and 
Woodland churches. In California he gained 



general confidence as a writer, and was cordially 
welcomed to the business and editorial control of 
the Evangel, the duties of which he assumed in 
1879. As a pastor and preacher he has been very 
successful. 

Pritchard, T. H., D.D., was born in Charlotte, 
N. C, Feb. 8, 1832; baptized by Dr. W. T. Burke 
in 1849; graduated at Wake Forest College in 
1854; served the college one year as agent; was 
ordained pastor of Hartford church, N. C, Novem- 
ber, 1855, Dr. Wm. Hooper preaching the sermon ; 
read theology for a while with Dr. J. A. Broadus, 
in Charlottesville, Va. ; was pastor of the Franklin 
Square church of Baltimore from January, 1860, 
to July, 1863; filled the pulpit of First church, 
Raleigh, N. C, from November, 1863, to May, 1865, 
during the absence of pastor, Dr. T. E. Skinner, in 




T. H. PRITCHARD, D.D. 

Europe; settled as pastor of First church, Peters- 
burg, Va., in July, 1865 ; resumed care of the 
Raleigh church in February, 1868, and remained 
in this position till called to the presidency of 
Wake Forest College, in July, 1879. For seven 
years Dr. Pritchard was chairman of the Board of 
Missions of State Convention ; and was for several 
years associate editor of Biblical Recorder. He 
received the title of D.D. from the University of 
North Carolina in 1868. His father. Rev. J. P. 
Pritchard, has lived in Texas for twenty-five years. 
Dr. T. H. Pritchard is doing a noble work for 
Wake Forest College, and his great ability and 
piety qualify him for eminent success in any de- 
partment of ministerial labor. 



PROGRESS 



PROGRESS 



Progress of Baptist Principles in other De- 
nominations. — Tlie Baptists have increased at a 
rate within a hundred years ^yhich is fitted to excite 
astonishment. In 1784 -we had 471 churches and 
35,101 members in this country, now we have 
26,000 churches and 2,296,327 members. But our 
principles have spread very -widely in other re- 
ligious communities. 

Ever since the Saviour said, " My kingdom is 
not of this world ; if my kingdom were of this 
world, then would my servants fight,'" Baptists 
have repudiated the connection between church 
and state, by which the latter supports the former. 
About the middle of the seventeenth century the 
Quakers and Baptists were severely persecuted in 
Massachusetts, and numbers of both communities 
were banished. '" Toleration was preached against 
as a sin in rulers, that would bring down the judg- 
ment of heaven upon the land. Mr. Dudley (the 
deputy governor) died with a copy of verses in his 
pocket, of which the two following lines make a 
part 

' Let men of GoJ, in court anil churches, watch 
O'er such as do a toleralinn hatch.'"* 

John Adams, subsequently President of the 
United States, while he was at the Continental 
Congress, in 1774, declared that it was against the 
consciences of the people of ^lassachusetts to make 
any change in their laws aljout religion; that 
Israel Pemberton the Quaker, and Isaac Backus 
the Baptist minister, who were seeking deliver- 
Ancc for their brethren, suffering imprisonment in 
Massachusetts jails for their religious opinions, 
might as well think they could change the move- 
ments of the heavenly bodies as alter their religious 
laws.t This was the doctrine of American Congre- 
gationalists during the struggle for independence. 

In Virginia the Episcopal state church levied 
taxes to support her ministry, with an oppressive 
severity from the settlement of the colony down to 
the time Avhen Revolutionary liberty and Baptist 
and Presbyterian growth deprived her of her unjust 
exactions. But after this an insidious effort was 
made to pass an assessment law, by which each man 
should be compelled to pay a tax to support his own 
minister. Patrick IlenryJ favored the assessment, 
and Washington and John INIarshall, the future 
chief justice of the United States, g and the Presby- 
terian ministers of Virginia, and, of course, the 
Episcopal Church. But the Baptists and Pres- 
liyterian laymen finally secured the rejection of the 
assessment in 1785. Thomas Jefferson, the great 
friend of liberty in worshiping God for the Baptists 

* Grimshaw's History of the United States, pp. 57, 58. Philadel- 
phia, IS^G. . 

t Life and Works of John Adams, ii. 399. 

J Wirt's Life of Patrick Henry, p. 263. Hartford. 

§ Rives'a Life uud Times of James Madison, i. 601-2. 



of Virginia, says, in a letter to Dr. Rush, " There 
was a hope confidently cherished about 1800 that 
there might be a state church throughout the United 
States, and this expectation was specially cherished 
by Episcopalians and Congregationalists."|| 

To-day, in our broad country, in every denom- 
ination of Protestants, the Baptist doctrine, that 
religion should be free from state guardianship and 
financial support, is universally accepted. 

In the time of Jonathan Edwards, one of the 
greatest of American thinkers, and one of the most 
devout Christians that ever ministered in a Congre- 
gational meeting-house, his church in Northamp- 
ton, Mass., admitted to the Lord's Supper " those 
who really rejected Jesus Christ and disliked the 
gospel way of salvation in their hearts, and knew 
that this was true of themselves ;" and the church 
had a method of admitting such members " with- 
out lying and hypocrisy."' This system "spread 
very much among ministers and people in that 
county and in other parts of New England. "T[ 
AVhen Mr. Edwards, in 1749, felt compelled to 
take the ground that none but real Christians have 
a right to come to the Lord's Supper, his Baptist 
platform for the communion table created a great 
ferment throughout the town, and a general cry for 
his dismissal was heard, and the next year he was 
driven from a church where the Lord had so sig- 
nally honored his ministry. Isaac Backus brought 
the same charge against the First Congregational 
church of Norwich, Conn., in 1745. As Dr. Ilovey 
relates it, "Men who entertained no hope them- 
selves, and who gave no evidence to others that 
they had been renewed l)y the Spirit of God, were 
often, if not generally, admitted to all the privi- 
leges and ordinances of the Christian church."** 
This system, out of which Unitarianism grew in 
New England, was a wide-spread and malignant 
evil one hundred and thirty years ago. 

The Presbyterian Church in America was in the 
same situation. The Larger Catechism of that 
church says of baptism, "Whereby the parties 
baptized are solemnly admitted into the visible 
church, and enter into an open and professed en- 
gagement to be wholly and only the Lord's. "ft In 
the time of Edwards this article, framed by the 
Westminster Assembly, was in full force, the child 
of church members was admitted into the church 
by baptism, and in youth on merely repeating the 
catechism, without any reference to a new heart, 
was permitted to go to the Lord's table. Curtis 
states that at the time when Princeton Seminary 
was founded, " so far from conversion being es- 



II M.emoirs, Correspon-lence, etc., iii. 341. Chai-Iottesville, 1829. 
\ Works of Jonathan Edwards, i.Pref. clvii. London, ISiO. 
** Life and Times of Isaac Backus, p. 44. Boston, 1839. 
tt The Ck)nstitution of the Presbyterian Church, pp. 341-42. 
Presbyterian Board of Publication Philadelphia. 



PROGRESS 



PROSELYTE 



teemed necessary to full communion, it was a mat- 
ter of formal discussion whether it was proper to 
require the credible profession of a change of heart 
in the ministry, and considered that it M'as not. 
Yet even now there is nothing in their Confession 
of Faith to prevent the reception of unconverted 
persons as communicants. The Established Church 
of Scotland, with a similar confession [the same], 
does not require conversion."* 

As late as the Revolution the Episcopalians were 
lamentably indifferent about the conversion of the 
clergy as a qualification for their sacred office, and 
about the regeneration of the laity as a needful 
preparation for the Eucharist. 

In our day the Congregational ministry and 
membership stand on the Saviour's platform of 
conversion. No one can unite with the Presby- 
terian Church of this country without satisfying 
the minister and elders that he has a new heart. 
And even in evangelical congregations of the Epis- 
copal Church the godly rector in preparing his 
"confirmation class'' for the bishop will exercise 
much vigilance to see that each of them is born 
" from above." 

Infant baptism is suffering from a rapid decline. 
In the time of Edwards every infant in the col- 
onies, whose parents were not Baptists or Quakers, 
was duly christened shortly after birth, just as every 
similar child in England is baptized in our day. But 
with us now there are hosts of unsprinkled children 
whose parents are pious Pedobaptists. Many of 
the most devoted members of non-Baptist commu- 
nities leave their children to select their own form 
of baptism when they are converted. Curtis, whose 
work was published in 1855, among other evi- 
dences of the decline of infant baptism quotes 
from a "recent number" of the Journal of Com- 
merce the statement of its Boston correspondent, 
who says, " In our Congregational churches we 
fear that there is considerable indifference and 
neglect in reference to infant baptism. In one of 
our oldest churches in this State there had not 
been a few years since an instance of infant bap- 
tism for the seven preceding years. Last year 
there were seventy Congregational churches in New 
Hampshire that reported no infant baptisms. This 
year ninety-six churches report none. If this indif- 
ference continues the ordinance will become extinct 
in the Congregational churches." 

In 1827, Curtis states that there was one infant 
baptized in the Presbyterian Church in the United 
States to every 13^ communicants, and in 1853 
the tables of the Old and New School Presbyterians 
being counted together, infant baptism had de- 
creased from 13^ to 22^%. This is a reduction of 
not quite a half in a few years. f Among the Meth- 



* Progress of Baptist Principles, p 
t Idem, pp. 131-35. Bostou, 1855. 



odists the ceremony is treated with even less con- 
sideration, and the decay is still in rapid progress. 

Our principles have invaded the churches of 
our brethren of the evangelical denominations, and 
they have expelled state-churchism from every one 
of them ; they have shown them the Saviour's 
grand doctrine that a church should be composed 
of converted members, which has been adopted 
extensively, and they are breathing a withering 
decline over the practice of infant baptism. In our 
own denominational fold, by the blessing of God, we 
have gathered a host of converts and trained them 
for the highest usefulness. We have reared many 
noble institutions of learning, sent out missionaries 
whom God has greatly blessed, and exerted a pow- 
erful influence in favor of true liberty on the State 
and National institutions of our country, and out- 
side of it in America our work has been almost as 
great. And it is likely that our influence in other 
denominations will continue, and even spread, until 
"alien baptisms" will equal Baptist immersions, 
and children will be relieved from the initiatory 
rite altogether, and one great fold will embrace the 
whole regenerated followers of the Lamb. 

Proper, Rev. DatUS D., was born in Van Buren 
Co., Iowa, Jan. 31, 1844. In 1862, during his aca- 
demic course at Mount Pleasant, he entered the 
army and served three years. In January, 1866, 
he united with the Baptist Church. He afterwards 
engaged for a time in teaching school and farming, 
and while thus occupied he was impressed with the 
conviction that it was his duty to preach the gospel. 
In 1872 he was ordained. In 1873 he went to the 
Theological Seminary, Chicago, where he graduated 
from the special course in 1875. In 1875 he set- 
tled as pastor at Ames, Iowa, where he remained 
two years. During this time 56 were added to the 
church. In 1877 he accepted a call to the church 
at Iowa Falls. He resigned this pastorate to be- 
come State Sunday-School missionary of the Amer- 
ican Baptist Publication Society and of the Iowa 
Baptist State Convention. He gave to this work 
fifteen months of earnest and successful labor, and 
then returned to the pastorate, settling with the 
East Des Moines Baptist church, his present field 
of labor. 

Proselyte Baptism of the Jews is still a living 

institution, and occasionally in the United States it 
is administered. Dr. Lightfoot says that " As soon 
as the proselyte grows whole of the wound of cir- 
cumcision they bring him to baptism, and placed 
in the water, they again instruct him in some 
weightier and in some lighter commands of the 
law ; which being heard, he plunges himself, and 
comes up, and behold he is an Israelite indeed in 
all things." To explain what the plunging is he 
quotes from Maimonides, " Every person baptized 
must dip his whole body, now stripped and made 



PROUDFOOT 



943 



PROVIDENCE 



naked, at one dipping." (Whole Works, vol. xi. 
pp. 59, 61. London, 1826.) This complete dipping 
is still required for a Pagan or a Christian em- 
bracing Judaism. (The Baptism of the Ages, p. 
192. Publication Society, Philadelphia.) 

Proudfoot, Rev. Richard, was born in the city 
of London in 1770. He came to America prior to 
the war of 1812, and became a student under the 
celebrated Dr. Staughton, of Philadelphia. Soon 
after his course of preparatory study for the work 
of the ministry, he settled in Cambria County, 
when that section was almost an unbroken wilder- 
ness. His field of labor stretched over the Alle- 
ghanies and eastward to Huntingdon, Stone Creek, 
Mill Creek, Shirleysburg, and parts adjacent. In 
all these places the fruits of his labor are very appar- 
ent in churches still existing. He traveled over 
this immense region, sometimes on foot or in the 
saddle, amid all conditions of weather, until called 
home to his reward. May 2, 1845, aged seventy- 
five years. His place of burial is at Three Springs, 
Huntingdon County. Brother Proudfoot stands 
among the honored band of twenty-six ministers, 
from eleven difierent States, who assembled in 
Philadelphia, May 18, 1814, and organized the Bap- 
tist Triennial Convention, and, at the same time, 
recognized and appointed Judson and Rice as mis- 
sionaries in Burmah. 

Providence. — That God created the world and 
everything in it we assume, and that he exercises 
dominion over these works of his hands his Word 
unmistakably teaches. His government of the 
world is plainly to be inferred from the vast and 
diversified interest he has shown in summoning it 
into existence. The maker of a powerful engine, 
requiring great skill and patient toil, would not 
leave it at work without superintendence, and with- 
out protection from the efforts of the evil disposed, 
who might readily destroy its efficiency. Jehovah 
has complete control of the world and all its move- 
ments, and his government is in continual exercise 
for the best interests of our race. 

The supreme reason for each earthly act is the 
order of Jehovah. We do not speak of the causes 
of events, but the reasons, without which they can- 
not exist in this world. God has two classes of 
orders, decrees of permission and decrees of appoint- 
ment. By the former he allows men and demons 
to commit acts of wrong which they have planned, 
and for the conception and execution of which they 
are solely responsible. By the latter he dii*ectly 
ordains the existence of pure and merciful events. 
And by these two classes of divine orders Jesus 
rules the world. -Job's experience furnishes an il- 
lustration of God's decrees of permission and of 
appointment. When Satan turned the fury of the 
tornado upon the house in which his childi-en were 
feasting, and his sons were killed, he said, " The 



Lord gave and the Lord hath taken away, blessed 
be the name of the Lord." By divine appointment 
Job's sons came to him ; by AWme permission Satan 
destroyed his young men, and Job recognizes the 
dominion of God in both events. The Saviour 
says, " All power is given unto me in heaven and 
in earth." The word power (e^ovaia) used by 
Matthew means authority, sovereignty, dominion. 
Christ, then, has entire control of the birds of the 
air, the fish of the sea, the beasts of the field, and 
the whole movements of human beings, and of all 
the elements, and of all the worlds, of everything, 
and of every one that can influence mortals favor- 
ably, unfavorably, or indifferently. He received 
this authority to use it, and he cannot be unfaith- 
ful to his trust. " He doeth according to his will in 
the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of 
the earth." 

Instruments of the Saviour^ s Providential Govern- 
ment. — He uses what we call accidents as the in- 
struments of his providential government. AVhen 
the voice of God arrested the knife with which 
Abraham was going to kill Isaac, he found a ram 
caught in a thicket ready for the altar from which 
his only son was released. No human being en- 
ticed the ram to the thicket, or drove, or bound it 
there ; -Jehovah drew it by the attractive shrubs, 
or the sweet grass, and unconsciously it pressed 
forward until its horns were firmly held by the 
tangled brush ; and by this apparent accident the 
Lord provided for the necessities of Abraham's 
situation, as he has done myriads of times since 
for the needs of others. 

The worst crimes of men are instruments of God'' s 
government. The special love which Jacob cher- 
ished for Joseph stirred up the fierce malice of his 
brothers, and at first they proposed to murder him, 
and then they concluded to sell him into slavery 
and tell his father that a wild beast had killed him. 
A band of Ishmaelites going down to Egypt, no 
dotibt knowing that he was as free as themselves, 
agreed to buy him and to aid his brothers in their 
great crime. When Potiphar bought Joseph the 
wickedness of his wife soon covered the young 
Hebfew with infamy and cast him into prison. 
Three parties, by as many distinct iniquities, lent 
their aid to place Joseph in jail. There he inter- 
preted the dream of a high officer in Pharaoh's 
palace, he in process of time mentioned Joseph to 
the king, whose mysterious visions he explained, 
and Joseph became governor of all Egypt, and 
saved its people and the inhabitants of the adjacent 
countries, including his father and brothers, from 
the horrors of a seven years' famine. The basest 
passions of men's hearts are often turned by Je- 
hovah into channels of benevolence. 

Henry VIII., of England, wrote a book against 
Luther, and was the strongest partisan of the pa- 



PROVIDENCE 



PROVIDENCE 



pacy in Europe. But the Lord determined to bring 
him and his people from the odious tyranny of 
Rome. Henry fell in love with a young lady of 
his court, and for certain reasons he sought a di- 
vorce from his wife Catherine ; the pope was afraid 
to offend Charles V., a near relative of the queen, 
and a neighbor of his holiness, and he refused 
Henry's application. The king secured a divorce 
from his Parliament and married Anne Boleyn. 
Upon the new marriage the wrath of papal Europe 
was expended, and Queen Anne, who loved the 
Bible, led her husband and his kingdom into the 
ranks of the Reformation. Before, and since, the 
Jews, out of envy and hatred, were employed by 
Jehovah to shed the blood of atonement and to 
purchase our redemption by the wounds they in- 
flicted upon Jesus ; in innumerable cases God has 
used the dark passions of men to execute his plans 
of love. 

The towering ambition of men is another agency 
of his providence. The Medea were once lying 
outside of Babylon, resolved to increase their glory 
and their empire by the capture of the mightiest 
and most magnificent city on earth. Within its 
walls their power and threats were regarded with 
contempt. One night the king made a great feast 
for a thousand of his lords, and during the joyful 
excitement the sacred vessels carried from the tem- 
ple of God in Jerusalem by the plundering Baby- 
lonians were brought to the favored guests, and 
they drank wine out of them in honor of the gods 
of Babylon, and they blasphemed Jehovah. Soon 
the terrible hand and writing were seen, and speed- 
ily the ambitious Medes were 'in that palace, and 
that night guilty Belshazzar was slain, and Darius 
sat upon his throne. 

The suggestions of Jehovah influence men to per- 
form the behests of his providence. Just as evil 
spirits can make suggestions in our minds without 
our knowledge of their presence, so can Jehovah. 
When Achan concealed the precious metals and 
the rich robe at the capture of Jericho, his brethren 
knew nothing of his crime. The rout at Ai pro- 
claimed the fact that some one had sinned, but 
said nothing about the transgressor. The lots were 
cast, and Achan was unmasked and lie confessed. 
But the suggestions of God himself were required 
to guide those who cast the lots. So when Ilaman 
was going to hang Mordecai, the man of God, the 
night before the king's consent was to be solicited, 
Ahasuerus could not sleep, and instead of music or 
wine he had the chronicles of his kingdom read, 
and, singularly enough, that section of them nar- 
rating that Mordecai had saved the king from as- 
sassination, and that he had never been rewarded. 
Mordecai was honored the next morning by Ham an 
leading him through the principal street of Baby- 
lon with the king's crown upon his head and a 



royal robe around him, and making proclamation 
that he was the man whom the king delighted to 
honor. God disturbed the king that sleepless 
night; he suggested the chronicles of his kingdom, 
and the section about Mordecai, and his providence 
protected his life and honored him. It was Jehovah 
that suggested modern missions to William Carey, 
and by suggestion, beyond all doubt, harvests of 
acts of God's government are summoned into life. 
These are some of the agencies employed by divine 
providence. 

Character of the Government. — It applies to every- 
thing afiecting human life, even the smallest mat- 
ters. The Saviour says, " Are not two sparrows 
sold for a farthing? And one of them shall not 
fall on the ground without your Father ; but the 
very hairs of your head are all numbered ; fear 
ye not, therefore, ye are of more value than many 
sparrows." — Matt. x. 29-31. From the falling of 
a sparrow to the jar which makes a globe trem- 
ble the Saviour's providence controls evei-ything. 

It rules everything wisely. The wheels of provi- 
dence, according to Ezekiel, are full of eyes, and 
they give such abundance of knowledge that there 
is no room for mistakes ; and, according to the 
same writer, the God-man, enthroned, sat on a 
crystal firmament, watciiing every movement of 
the great wheels of providence, and rendering mis- 
takes impossible. The Stamp Tax and the Tea 
Duty created the American Revolution, extended 
and secured the liberties of this land, and have 
made our country a miracle of progress, without a 
parallel in human history. Our independence gave 
the Reform Bill and vastly extended liberty to Eng- 
land and to all her colonies. It gave freedom to all 
the republics on this side of the Atlantic ; and it 
has given the same blessing to France and Italy, 
and, in some measure, to Spain, Prussia, s),nd Aus- 
tria. The providence of God makes no mistakes. 

It draws blessings from all sources. The foul 
waters that flow from the sewers of a large city 
reach the river and the ocean, and the sun draws 
them up in vapors into the clouds, but in their 
journey they lose everything poisonous and offen- 
sive, and they descend in sweet rains to fill the 
fountains and the rivers. So the events of provi- 
dence are all turned into favors for the children of 
God, "^ZZ things work together for good to them 
that love God, to them that are the called accord- 
ing to his purpose." " No weapon that is formed 
against them shall prosper." While the hands 
that were pierced with the nails of Calvary hold 
the reins of earthly movements, started by mate- 
rial, Satanic, or human agencies, the child of God 
is safe ; his wants shall be supplied, and his Mas- 
ter will continually, as well as finally, give him 
the victory. 

Providence, First Baptist Church of, was 



PROVIDENCE 



rilOVWENCE 



founded in 1639. This ancient church has a grand 
liistory, and deserves a conspicuous place in tlie 
'• Baptist Encyclopaedia." In March, 1639, Ezekiel 
llolliman baptized Roger Williams. Mr. Williams, 
immediately after, immersed him and ten others. 
The church was constituted at this time. Mr. 
Williams, whose ministerial character was recog- 
nized by his brethren in receiving baptism from 
liim instead of Mr. llolliman, after he submitted 
to tlie rite, became the minister of the infant com- 
munity. Some time afterwards he withdrew from 
them, and was succeeded by Chad Brown, a man 
of steadfastness, wisdom, and great influence, the 
founder in America of the distinguished Brown 
family of Providence, one of whom, Nicholas, gave 
his name to our oldest university. William Wick- 
enden followed Chad Brown as pastor of the First 
church of Providence. Gregory Dexter, after Wm. 
Wickenden, held the same position. Thomas 01- 
ney took charge of the ciiurch after Mr. Dexter. 
The Rev. Pardon Tillinghast ministered to the old 
church after Mr. Olney. This generous man gave 
his ministerial services for nothing, and at his own 
expense built a house of worship and presented it 
as a gift to the church. Ebenezer Jencks was the 
successor of Pardon Tillinghast, his ministry con- 
tinuing some seven years. The little church, like 
a good many other small churches, had its contro- 
versies. The question which disturbed it was 
one to which is attached very little importance in 
these days. It was whether the '' laying on of 
hands" was necessary to constitute a person a valid 
member of a church formed, as was believed, after 
the divine apostolic model. James Brown, the 
grandson of Chad, succeeded Ebenezer Jencks, and 
Samuel AYinsor followed him. In 1726 a better 
and more commodious house of worship was 
erected, through the zeal and enterprise of some 
of the members of the church, and under the min- 
istry of Samuel Winsor, Jr., the discordant ele- 
ments appeared to be blending more harmoniously 
together. 

'• For one hundred and thirty years," says the 
historical sketch prepared by Dr. Caldwell and 
Prof. William Gammell, " the church lias been 
going on, receiving neither from within nor with- 
out any strong impulse. Its ministers were na- 
tives, bred on the spot, generally advanced in 
years, at work for their daily bread, and with no 
special training. The church had been content 
with their unpaid services, and with such growth 
as came. It had a small meeting-house. It had 
but 118 members in a population of 4000, with 
400 families. The time had come for advance and 
enlargement." 

The establishment of Rhode Island College, as 
it was then called, in Providence, and the coining 
to the town of so gifted a scholar and so eloquent a 



preacher as Rev. James Manning, the first presi- 
dent of the college, were the harbingers of better 
days to the church. The weight of Mr. Manning's 
influence was thrown in the scale against those 
who insisted on "the imposition of hands" being 
a prerequisite to full church membership. Mr. 
Winsor and those who sympathized with him 
withdrew from the church, determined to have no 
fellowship with those who either denied or ques- 
tioned the permanent obligation of those who were 
to enter a Christian church " passing under hands," 
as it was termed. Dr. Manning had the rare gift 
of enlisting the sympathy and co-operation of others 
in aiding him to carry out the plans upon the ac- 
complishment of which he set his heart. lie ele- 
vated the tone of public sentiment in the matter of 
sustaining religious worship. A house "for the 
public worship of Almighty God, and also for 
holding commencement in," was erected. Modeled 
after that of" St. Martin-in-the-Fields" in London, 
it is a gem of architectural beauty, which even to 
this day wins the admiration of all persons of good 
taste, and will ever remain as an illustration of the 
large benevolence and the generous self-sacrifice of 
those who were chiefly instrumental in rearing a 
structure of such noble dimensions and eminent 
fitness for the purposes for which it was built. It 
cost not far from £7100, a sum which represents, we 
venture to say, more than twice that amount in 
these days. 

President Manning died July 29, 1791, in the 
fifty-fourth year of his age. In spite of the heavy 
weight of care which rested on him as the presid- 
ing officer of an institution which was struggling 
for life, no ministry of the church in all its previous 
history had been so successful as his. Although 
he never regarded himself, in the proper sense of 
the word, as the pastor of the church, he performed 
for it a service of great value, and left an impress 
upon it which is felt to this day. 

The pastorate of the next minister. Rev. John 
Stanford, and that of his successor, the eloquent 
Maxcy, were of comparatively bi-ief duration. Upon 
the election of Maxcy to the presidency of the col- 
lege, a nephew of President Manning, the Rev. 
Stephen Gano, M.D., was called to succeed him. 
Ilis ministry continued for thirty-five years, and 
was blessed as that of few servants of Christ has 
been. Remarkable revivals attended his preaching. 
The first one of them, that of 1820, brought an 
addition of 147 persons to the church by baptism. 
Dr. Gano died Aug. 18, 1828. The church more 
than quadrupled during the pastorate of Dr. Gano. 

Rev. Robert Everett Pattison was called to fill the 
important place made vacant by the death of his 
predecessor, and entered upon the duties of his 
office March 21, 1831. For a little more than five 
years he preached and performed the work of a 



PROVIDENCE 



PROVIDENCE 



pastor with distinguished success, in building up 
his people in Christian knowledge and the develop- 
ment of the graces of the Christian character. Such 
a ministry as that of Dr. Pattison's was most fruit- 
ful for good, and its results ai-e felt down to the 
present hour. Called to the presidency of AVater- 
ville College, now Colby University, he resigned 
his office Aug. 11, 1836. Rev. William Hague was 
elected pastor of the church June 1, 1837, and sus- 



Providence, was the Rev. James Nathaniel Granger, 
who commenced his labors Nov. 13, 1842, and re- 
mained pastor of the chui-ch until his death, which 
occurred Jan. 5, 1857. Having been appointed in 
connection with Dr. Solomon Peck as one of a 
deputation to visit the Baptist missionary stations 
in the East, he was absent from his people a little 
more than a year and a half. The larger part of 
this time the pastoral care of the church devolved 




FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, PROVIDENCE, R 



tained that relation to it a little more than three 
years. Over one hundred persons were received 
into the fellowship of the church by baptism and 
by letter during his ministry. Upon the resigna- 
tion of Dr. Hague, Dr. Pattison for a short time 
performed again the duties of pastor, when his 
election as one of the secretaries of the Baptist 
Board of Foreign Missions once more dissolved his 
connection with the people of his charge. His suc- 
cessor, whose memory is still so greatly revered in 



on the Rev. John Calvin Stockbridge, until his call 
to succeed the venerable Dr. Sharp as pastor of the 
Charles Street church, in Boston, brought the en- 
gagement to a close. During the remainder of Dr. 
Granger's absence the Rev. Francis Smith supplied 
the pulpit. After the return of Dr. Granger from 
the East, the Rev. AVilliam Carey Richards was his 
assistant for a brief period, until the formation of 
the Brown Street church, of which he was chosen 
the pastor, dissolved the connection. The Rev. 



PROVIDENCE 



947 



PR TOR 



Francis Wayland, D.D., on the death of Dr. 
Granger, acted as pastor of the church for some- 
what more than a year with rare fidelity, and the 
most conscientious application to the discharge of 
the duties of what he ever regarded as the most 
solemn and responsible position to which a mortal 
can be called, that of a minister of the Lord Jesus 
Christ. The Rev. Samuel Lunt Caldwell, who for 
twelve years had been the pastor of the First 
Baptist church in Bangor, Me., was invited to be- 
come the pastor of the church. He commenced his 
ministry in Providence June 13, 1858, and ended it 
Sept. 7, 1873. His pastorate covered a period of 
more than fifteen years, and was closed that he 
might accept the professorship of Church History 
in the Newton Theological Institution. The suc- 
cessor of Dr. Caldwell was the present pastor, the 
Rev. Edward Glenn Taylor, D.D., who commenced 
his labors April 18, 1875. 

The above sketch presents but a meagre outline 
of the history of what in some respects may be I'e- 
garded as one of the most prominent Baptist 
churches in the country. As one proof of the in- 
fluence for good which has gone forth from it, it is 
stated that since 1775 sixty ministers of the gospel 
have been connected with it, besides its pastors, 
in addition to fifty persons who have received li- 
cense of the church to preach, all of whom have 
entered the ministry. Nearly all of these persons 
have been connected with the college as officers or 
students. 

For more than one hundred years the First 
church of Providence has enjoyed an unusual 
amount of peace. In 1774 there was a signal illus- 
tration of this union. The church wished to erect 
the noble edifice to which allusion has already been . 
made, a house 80 feet square, with a spire 196 feet 
high, a magnificent structure for the 4321 persons 
who then dwelt in Providence. In such a great 
enterprise every one commonly has advice to give, 
and opinions to be respected ; John Brown, how- 
ever, the brother of the celebrated Nicholas, was 
appointed " a committee of one" to build one of the 
most spacious and beautiful temples for the wor- 
ship of God in America. Unity of purpose and 
feeling have characterized this community in an 
extraordinary measure for many years. 

Patriotism has had its warmest friends in the 
First church. John Brown, the " committee of 
one," was a fair representative of the people for 
whom he built a house of worship. He owned 
twenty vessels at the commencement of the Revo- 
lutionary war, every one of which was likely to 
be captured or destroyed by the British fleet, if he 
opposed the measures of the mother-country, and he 
uttered his Declaration of Independence four years 
before the document of Jefferson was issued. He 
destroyed the British armed schooner " Gaspee" in 



June, 1772, which was sent from Boston to enforce 
obnoxious revenue laws in Narragansett Bay ; 
Lieut. Duddingston was wounded in the encounter 
which resulted in the blowing up of his vessel ; and 
his blood was really the first shed in the war of 
independence. 

This church never began to prosper thoroughly 
until it gave a stated income to its pastors. Nicholas 
Brown, whose gifts to Brown University amounted 
to nearly $160,000, belonged to the congregation 
of this church; and his munificent donations to 
advance higher education have raised up for it 
liberal friends in all denominations. Many of the 
first men in Rhode Island have descended from the 
pastors and members of the First church. 

In the words of the historical sketch to which 
reference has been made, " For three-quarters of 
a century this church stood alone, or the same as 
alone, the only church of its own persuasion, or 
perhaps of any persuasion, within the large terri- 
tory then included in the town of Providence. It 
has held its place and held on its way while a popu- 
lous city has grown around it, and churches of 
many names have multiplied on every side. It has 
twelve sisters of the same polity and faith, all of 
them organized since the beginning of the pres- 
ent century ; the thirteen having 3377 members. 
Eighty-eight churches, of at least thirteen different 
denominations, the major part of which have arisen 
since that time, now occupy the ground where once 
and for two generations it stood alone. It was 
either the first in this country, or it stood side by 
side with Newport in the van of a numerous suc- 
cession of similar churches, amounting in 1880 to 
26,060, with 2,296,327 members." 

Pruett, Eev. William Harrison, is one of the 
pioneer Baptist preachers in Eastern Oregon and 
Washington Territory, where since his ordination, 
in 1871, he has traveled extensively, preached the 
gospel in new settlements, organized many new 
churches and baptized many converts ; labored as 
pastor or missionary at Weston, Mount Pleasant, 
Pilot Rock, Walla Walla, Dayton, Pendleton, Butte 
Creek, Meadowville, Mountain Valley, Heppner, 
and other places ; built several church edifices ; 
and has been one of the most influential and suc- 
cessful laborers in all that new and needy field. He 
is still in the vigor of manhood. He has a good edu- 
cation, having studied at Jefferson Academy and 
McMinnville College, Oregon. At the age of three 
years he removed from Ray Co., Mo., where he was 
born, to Oregon, in 1847. In 1861 he professed 
Christianity, and was baptized ; but in 1862, be- 
lieving he had been deceived, he was again bap- 
tized, on the confession of what he was sure was 
the work of the Holy Spirit in his salvation. 

Pryor, John, D.D., was born in Halifax, Nova 
Scotia, and pursued his studies at King's College, 



PUBLICATION 



948 



PUBLICATION 



Christ Clmrcli College, Oxford, and at the Newton 
Theological Institution. He was ordained in Provi- 
dence, R. I., in 1830. For some time he was prin- 
cipal of the Horton Academy, Wolfville, Nova 
Scotia, and subsequently professor and president 
of Acadia College. He was associate pastor at 
Horton, then pastor of the old Cambridge church, 
the church in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the 
churches in Randolpli and Lexington, Mass., in 
which latter place he now resides. 

Publication Society, The American Baptist. 

—On the 25th of February, 1824, a company of 
twenty-five Baptists met at the house of Mr. George 
Wood, in Washington City, D. C, to consider the 
propriety of the formation of aBaptistGeneral Tract 
Society. The call which brought them together 
was the result of a letter sent by the Rev. Noah 
Davis, of Maryland, to his classmate, the Rev. 
James D. Knowles, then living in Washington 
City. Mr. Davis had been deeply impressed with 
the desirableness of such a tract society, and of 
its importance for the promotion of the welfare of 
the Baptists in this country, and for the prosecu- 
tion of their special Christian work. Hence his 
letter to Mr. Knowles, the call for the meeting at 
Mr. Wood's, and the organization of the society. 
It began its work at once, though in a modest way. 
The receipts of the society for the first year of its 
existence amounted to $373.80, and it issued 696,000 
pages of tracts. 

In the year 1826 the society was transferred to 
Philadelphia, because tliat city offered greater ad- 
vantages for publishing and distributing its tracts 
throughout the country. Its growth from this date 
was slow but steady. It at length began to issue 
bound volumes ; then to care especially for Sunday- 
schools, and to prepare books and other publica- 
tions to meet their needs. In 1840 it was led to 
employ colporteurs for the circulation of its publi- 
cations, and for the performance of necessary pio- 
neer Christian work. At length, in 1845, the name 
of the society was changed, and it became The 
American Baptist Publication Society, whoseolyect, 
according to its constitution, is " To promote evan- 
gelical religion by means of the Bible, the printing- 
press, colportage, and the Sunday-school." 

The total number of publications on the catalogue 
of the society on April 1, 1881, was 1326. This 
was after a thorough examination of the list and 
the dropping of a number that were once issued. 
These publications include books, tracts, and peri- 
odicals. A few figui'cs will exhibit the increase 
of its issues from its origin, and show tlie magni- 
tude of this part of its work. The issues are all 
reduced to 18rao pages. 



From 1860-1870, average annual issues 198,382,395 

" 1870-1880, " '• " 381,829,429 

" 1824-1880, " " " 94,845,010 

" 1824-1880, total issues 5,311,320,610 

In regard to the character of the publications 
of the society, George W. Anderson, D.D., in his 
little work, " The Baptists in the United States," 
says, " If the excellence of a denominational liter- 
ature is to Ije determined by the strong common 
sense which pervades it, its reverence for the sacred 
Scriptures, and habitual and thorough deference 
to its teachings, by its complete and scholar-like 
examination of the Word of God, and by its calm, 
candid, and courteous tone, then tiie works issued 
from the press of this society will bear comparison 
with those of any denomination in the world." 

The progress of the society will further appear 
from a glance at the receipts into its treasury at 
different periods of its history. These receipts in- 
clude both those in its business department and 
the funds specially contributed for its missionary 
work. The former is self-sustaining ; hence all 
the funds contributed to the latter are used exclu- 
sively for tiiat object. 



In 1824, total receipts.. 

" 1830, " 

" 1840, " 

" 1850, " 

" 1860, " 

" 1870, " 



$373.80 
3,(194.09 
12,165.77 
411,579.71 
84,783.91 
332,149.59 
349,564.46 



1824, total issues.. 



696,000 
7,840,198 
22,110,645 
61,856,066 



The increasing work of the societj' demanded 
from time to time larger accommodations. At 
length, in 1876, the present building at 1420 Chest- 
nut Street was completed, at a cost of $258,000, 
the whole of which was provided for by the liber- 
ality of its friends and the proceeds of the sale of 
its former building. The last $100,000 of the cost 
was given by Wm. Bucknell, Esq., and members 
of his family, and by the various members of the 
family of the late J. P. Crozer, Esq. It is thought 
that the accommodations furnished in this edifice 
will be sufficient for many long years to come. 

During the fifty-six .years of its existence, the 
society has fulfilled the expectation of its founders, 
and has proved an efficient means of promoting the 
unity of the Baptists of the United States in feel- 
ing, in doctrinal views, in Scriptural practices, and 
in the promotion of missionary work at home and 
abroad. Its publications have gone tliroughout the 
land into every State and Territory, as also have 
its colporteurs and Sunday-school missionaries. 
Its power for good has been steadily developed, 
and everything indicates that under the blessing 
of God it will continue to enlarge its work as the 
demands of the wide field in which it is called to 
labor become more numerous and pressing. 
MISSIONAKY WORK 

OF THE AMERICAN BAPTIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY. 

This department of the society has been devel- 
oped to meet the wants which from time to time 



PUBLICATION 



949 



PUREFOY 



claimed recognition. At first the gratuitous dis- 
tribution of tracts, and, subsequently, of books, was 
undertaken ; then the missionai-y colporteur agency 
was originated. At length the demands for sys- 
tematic efforts to increase the number of Sunday- 
schools, and to promote their efficiency, led to the 
employment of Sunday-school missionaries. The 
work, as now carried on, consists in three things: 

1. In preaching the gospel from house to house 
by a band of missionary colporteurs, who unite 
with personal efforts to convert the inmates, the 
circulation of the Holy Scriptures, and the dissem- 
ination of a gospel literature. 

2. In sustaining Sunday-school missionaries to 
form new schools, to strengthen and improve old 
ones, and to organize the forces of the different 
States for efficient Sunday-school work. 

3. In making grants of small libraries to poor 
ministers and Sunday-schools, and of tracts to pas- 
tors and to missionaries of other societies and Con- 
ventions. 

Colporteur missionaries were first employed by 
the society in 1840, about one year before any 
other society in this country entered on a similar 
work. During the forty years that have since 
elapsed it has employed nearly 1500 such laborers, 
in the various fields in this country, as well as in 
Canada, Sweden, Norway, and Italy. In 1880 
there were 34 employed in as many States and 
Territories of our country. 

The work in Sweden was commenced in 1855, 
when the Rev. Andreas Wiberg was sent to that 
country to originate and direct a system of mis- 
sionary colportage. His efforts were very success- 
ful, and when, in 1866, the work was transferred 
to the American Baptist Missionary Union, there 
were in Sweden 176 Baptist churches and an ag- 
gregate of 6605 members, and the work had ex- 
tended into Norway and other adjacent countries. 
This was all the development of the work under- 
taken by the society in 1855, when there were 
only forty Baptists in the kingdom. At the present 
time there are nearly 300 Baptist churches, with 
about 20,000 members, though they are sending 
hundreds of their young and enterprising members 
to this country every year. 

The Sunday-school missionary work was first in- 
augurated in 1867. In 1880 there were under ap- 
pointment 21 such missionaries, laboring in as 
many of our States and Territories, all of them, 
■with one exception, in the South or the West. 

The society's donations of tracts and books have 
been steadily increasing in number from the earl- 
iest years of its history, and this work might with 
great benefit be still vastly enlarged were the 
necessary means at its disposal. 

The extent and results of the work may be par- 
tially understood on an examination of tfie following 



table, which shows the statistics from the beginning 
until 1880: 

Dnys of service 262,342 

Milt-s ti-Mvuled 2,998,4U2 

Kookssold 171,9!<7 

Books given away 92,l:i!) 

Pages of tracts distributed 6,n;i7,44r) 

Sermons and addresses delivered 6211,417 

Prayer-meetings held 5:l,li>il 

Families visited 664,r.M) 

Persons l/aptized ia,441i 

Cliurelies constituted 499 

Sunday-schools organized :i,9.'>o 

Conventions and institutes held or addressed 4,674 

Sunday-schools aided by donations 7,9:J1 

Pastors and ministerial students furnished with grants 

of books for their libraries 1,710 

It is proper to remark that all the contributions 
to the society are used exclusively for its mission- 
ary work, unless specially directed by the donors 
to some other end. 

PERIODICALS. 

In common with religious publication societies 
in this country and abroad, the society at an early 
period in its history recognized the periodical press 
as a powerful agency for the promotion of Ciiris- 
tian work. Soon after its organization it began 
the monthly issue of The Tract Magazine, which, 
during its short life, was a means of extending the 
circulation of tracts. This was followed by The 
Monthly Paper, afterwards tiie Baptist Record, 
which was first published in 1836, and was sus- 
pended in 1855. 

Since that date the periodical department has 
been gradually becoming more comprehensive in 
its issues, while their circulation has largely in- 
creased, as the following figures will show. They 
indicate the total number of copies of each period- 
ical issued, from the time of its establishment until 
April 1, 1881 : 

Young Reaper, monthly and semi-monthly, 1857-18S1. 56.445,930 

National Baptist, weekly, 1865-1881 5,307,481 

Baptist Quarterly, 1867-1878 59,383 

Baptist Teacher, monthly, 1869-1881 4,189,400 

Baptist Lesson Monthly, 1869-1881 47,263,500 

Baptist Primary Lesson Monthly, 1874-1881 17,791,200 

Bible Lesson Quarterly, 1879-1881 1,205,500 

Intermediate Lesson Quarterly, 1881 235,000 

Our Little Ones, monthly. 1873-1881 15,958,000 

Our Young People, monflily, 1881 215,000 

Total number of copies issued 148,670,394 

Purefoy, Geo. W., D.D.— The Rev. John Pure- 
foy, a wise and good man, gave three sons to the 
Baptist ministry of North Carolina, — Geo. W., 
James S., and N. A. Purefoy. George was the 
oldest of them, and was born in 1809 ; was bap: 
tized in 1830, and began to preach at once. In 
early life he preached much, but for many years 
before his death his health did not allow him to 
preach often. He was the author of the " History 
of the Sandy Creek Association," and of several 
works on the baptismal controversy. He died in 
1880. The State University at Chapel Hill gave 
him the title of D.D. in 1870. 

Purefoy, Rev. James S., the third son of Rev. 
John Purefoy, was born in 1813, baptized in 1830, 



PUREFOY 



PUB YEAR 



began to preach in J 835, and was ordained in 1840, 
Dr. Samuel Wait and Rev. P. W. Dowd constituting 
the Presbytery. Most of the pastoral labor of Mr. 
Purefoy has been performed in Wake and Gran- 
ville Counties. No man, living or dead, has done 
so much for Wake Forest College as this unpre- 
tending brother. When plowing in the field, be- 
fore he was twenty-one, he gave $25 to this insti- 
tution, and through all its checkered history he 
has been its unfaltering friend. For many years 
he was its treasurer, without salary. He secui'ed 
for it, since the war, a contribution of $10,000 from 
the Baptists of the North, and to him, more than 
to any other, is due the credit of rescuing the col- 
lego from loss when it was heavily involved in 
1848-49, and by his energy and liberality the 
handsome Wingate Memorial Hall was erected in 
1879-80. Early in life Mr. Purefoy married Mary, 
the daughter of Deacon Foster Fort, and a kindred 
spirit, ready for every good work, she proved to be. 
Many poor young men, and especially many young 
ministers struggling to obtain an education, have 
found in this man and his wife friends ready and 
willing to help them, and it gives the writer of this 
sketch peculiar pleasure to leave on record the fact 
that by money voluntarily loaned by Mr. Purefoy 
he was enabled to complete his course in college. 
Mr. Purefoy is still a vigorous man, and seems to 
reckon it the highest glory of his life to labor and 
sacrifice for Wake Forest College. 

Purefoy, Rev. N. A., was born in Wake Co., 
N. C, in 1811 ; attended Wake Forest College, but 
took his degree of A.B. from Columbian College, 
Washington, D. C. He served the Fayetteville 
church and the church in Warrenton each for 
several years, but most of his pastoral life has 
been spent in preaching to country churches. 
Quiet and unobtrusive, this good man has long 
been regarded by his brethren as a fine illustra- 
tion of almost every Christian virtue. 

Purinton, Jesse M., D.D., was born in Cole- 
raine, Mass., Aug. 12, 1809; baptized in Truxton 
when eleven years of age ; educated at Hamilton, 
N. Y., and ordained in 1834; was pastor in Cole- 
raine, and in Arcade, N. Y., in Forestville and 
Mount Moriah, Pa., and in Morgantown, W. Va. 
He was for several years a missionary in North- 
west Virginia. He aided in many revivals, and 
was instrumental in leading large numbers to 
Jesus. In 1860 the degree of Doctor of Divinity 
was conferred upon him. He died at Morgantown, 
June 17, 1869. Dr. Purinton was an able minister 
and a devoted follower of the Saviour. 

Putnam, Daniel, professor in the Normal School 
at Ypsilanti, Mich., was born in Lyndeborough, 
N.H., Jan.8, 1824. Havingfittedfor college at New 
Hampton, he entered Dartmouth College, and grad- 
uated in the class of 1851. During the next two 



years he taught in the New Hampton Academy, as 
he had done a part of his Senior year. He remained 
with it a short time after its removal to Fairfax, 
Vt., but came to Michigan in 1854, as professor in 
Kalamazoo College. He resided in Kalamazoo till 
1868, but did not hold his professorship the whole 
interval. For seven years he was superintendent 
of public schools, for eighteen months county su- 
perintendent, and for one year served as president 
of the college ad interim. In 1868 he became pro- 
fessor in the State Normal School at Ypsilanti, and 
still holds that position. He is a preacher, but was 
never ordained. He has been chaplain of the State 
Insane Asylum at Kalamazoo the last eighteen 
years, and has often preached in other pulpits. He 
has rendered abundant service to the Baptist State 
Convention on its different boards, and is at present 
a valuable member of the Board of State Missions. 
Mrs. Putnam is a daughter of the late Rev. E. B. 
Smith, D.D., of Fairfax, Vt. 

Puryear, Sennet, LL.D., Professor of Chem- 
istry in Richmond College, Richmond, Va., was born 
in Mecklenburg Co., Va., July 23, 1826. He gradu- 
iited at Randolph Macon College, in June, 1847, 
with the highest honors of his class. After leaving 
college he taught school one year in Monroe Co., 
Ala. ; then returned to his native State, sind during 
the session of 1849-50 attended lectures at the 
University of Virginia. In July, 1850, he was 
appointed tutor in Richmond College, and in the 
year following was elected Professor of Natural 
Science in that institution. In 1859 he resigned 
his professorship in Richmond College to accept 
the chair of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy in 
Randolph Macon College, where he remained until 
1866, at which time he was recalled to his former 
position in Richmond. In 1868, when the college 
was reorganized and the office of president abol- 
ished, he was elected chairman of the faculty, 
which position he has continued to hold until the 
present time, being annually chosen thereto by 
his colleagues. In 1873 the school of natural 
science was divided into physics and chemistry, 
and the school of chemistry was assigned to him. 
At college. Prof. Puryear was distinguished for his 
attainments in the classics as well as in natural 
science, and when circumstances have required him 
to take charge of a class in Greek, or Latin, or 
mathematics, he has done so with disting'uished 
success. His acquaintance with the subjects of his 
own school is broad and thorough. As a lecturer, 
his style is clear and pointed, and often enlivened 
by sallies of genial humor. The matter of his 
lectures is so admirably arranged that they are 
felt to be a growth, and not a mere aggregation of 
facts. In the experiments of the laboratory he is 
unusually successful. Prof. Puryear has not given 
much attention to popular lectures or addresses, 



PUKYEAR 



951 



PURYEAR 



but whenever he has spoken in public he has been 
heard with pleasure. Besides occasional contribu- 
tions to various periodicals, he published, in 1866- 




BENNET PURYEAR, LL.D. 

67, in the Farmer, a series of articles on " The The- 
ory of Vegetable Growth" ; in 1875, in The Planter 
and Farmer, papers on " The Public School in its 
Relation to the Negro," since printed in pamphlet 
form ; in the same year, in the Religious Herald, a 
series of articles on the "Public School" ; and in 
1878, also in the Religious Herald, papers on the 
" Virginia State Debt," and also on " The Atmos- 
phere." With the exception of the first series, 
these papers were all published under the signature 



of " Civis." These articles evinced ability and 
fullness of information, but those relating to the 
public school are specially noticeable. No news- 
paper articles on questions of public State policy 
ever awakened in Virginia a more general interest, 
or produced a profounder impression. Questions 
which seemed to be settled, and whose discussion 
was unthought of, were brought again into the field 
of controversy ; and the public school system, es- 
tablished by constitutional enactment, fostered by 
the spirit of the times, and appealing to the inter- 
ests of the masses of the people, was shaken to its 
foundation. The articles were everywhere talked 
of, and called forth able replies. It was the opinion 
of many that no papers so fundamental in scope, 
so vigorous in statement, so brilliant in rhetoric, 
and so instinct with passion liad appeared in Vir- 
ginia for a long time. Although these articles dis- 
cussed questions which were largely local, they 
exerted much more than a local interest. In a few 
weeks the hitherto but slightly known professor 
became one of the most widely known men of the 
whole South ; and in acknowledgment of the learn- 
ing and ability shown in the " Civis" articles, 
Georgetown College, Ky., and Howard College, 
Ala., conferred on him the honorary degree of 
LL.D. (June, 1878). Dr. Puryear is president of 
the Tuckahoe Club, an association of farmers in 
the vicinity of Richmond College, and his eminent 
success in cultivating a small farm is a practical 
illustration of the value of science in agriculture. 
Notwithstanding Dr. Puryear's opposition to pub- 
lic schools, he is an earnest advocate of education, 
and has contributed much to the prosperity of 
Richmond College. He is among the most hon- 
ored and influential citizens of Richmond, a man 
of sound judgment, genial disposition, and inflex- 
ible integrity. He is an active member of the 
Grace Street Baptist church in Richmond. 



QUARLES 



952 



QUINCY 



Q 



ftuarles, Rev. Frank (colored), is a Baptist 

minister of great worth, now about sixty years 
old. He was born in Caroline Co., Va., and came 
to Georgia in 1850. He was a faithful slave until 
the close of the war, but his character and abilities 
may be estimated when it is stated that he was 
licensed and ordained by the First Baptist church 
in Atlanta in 1863, previous to emancipation, the 
Presbytery being composed of Rev. H. C. Hornady 
and Rev. William T. Brantly, D.D. Since 1863 
he has lived in Atlanta, and has served the Friend- 
ship Baptist church as pastor since 1866. For 
twelve years in succession he has been moderator 
of the Ebenezer (colored) Association, and since 
the organization of the (colored) Missionary Bap- 
tist Convention at Augusta, Ga., in 1868, he has 
been its president. He exerts a wide and health- 
ful influence in the State, and uses it freely for re- 
ligious and educational purposes. He married in 
Virginia, and lived with his wife thirty-eight years, 
raising two children, — a son and a daughter. He 
is a man of -ability and piety, and as a man and 
preacher is highly esteemed by all who know him. 
Cluincy, Hon. Josiah, was born in Lenox, Mass., 
March 7, 1793. His father, Samuel Quincy, was a 
lawyer in Roxbury, Mass., where he acquired a 
large property in the practice of his profession. 
He indoi"sed heavily the paper of several mercan- 
tile firms in Boston, and the commercial disasters 
of 1777-78 swept away nearly every vestige of his 
estate. He then retired to a little cottage among 
the Berkshire hills, where he soon died of a broken 
heart. His son Samuel, the brother of Josiah, with 
a dollar and a half in his pocket, but rich in spirit, 
left on foot for Boston to seek his fortune. He be- 
came in due time a flourishing shipmaster and 
owner of vessels, and filled many offices of trust 
and responsibility in that city. Josiah, from a 
lameness caused by sickness in infancy, was un- 
able to perform much manual labor. He accord- 
ingly turned his attention to study as a necessity 
for his future support. Under many discouraging 
circumstances he prepared himself at the Lenox 
Academy to enter as a Sophomore in college. Cir- 
cumstances prevented him from carrying out his 
plan to take a full collegiate course, and on leaving 
his academic studies he entered upon the study of 
law with Samuel -Jones, Esq., of Stockbridge, Mass. 
He taught school during the day, and his law studies 
were necessarily carried on at night. It was by 



these fierce battles with indigence that the latent 
powers of his nature were largely developed, that 
his invincible determination for ultimate success 
was strengthened, and that, by heroic effort, he 
laid broad and deep the foundations of his future 
eminence. 

On being admitted to the bar, Mr. Quincy prac- 
tised his profession a few months at Stockbridge, 
and removed from that place to Sheffield, where he 
remained a short time, and then went to Rumney, 
N. H., ever afterwards his home. Soon after 
settling in Rumney he was married to May 




HON. JOSIAH QUINCY. 

Grace, daughter of Jabez Weed, of Plymouth. 
Rumney is a small town among the hills of New 
Hampshire, but the young lawyer, by industry and 
perseverance, soon gained a high rank in his pro- 
fession, his practice extending for a long distance 
in all directions. Not many years elapsed before 
he was known as one of the most eminent lawyers 
of the State, and when he retired from practice in 
1864, his professional business was said to have 
been as large as that of any legal gentleman in 
New Hampshire. For years he was president of 
the Grafton County bar. He had under his tuition 



QUINOY 



953 



QTJINGY 



many law students, and among them the eminent 
Judge Clifford, of the United States Supreme Court. 
Mr. Quincy was a prominent politician, and filled 
many public offices. He was several years a mem- 
ber of the New Hampshire house of representa- 
tives, and was twice elected to the State senate, the 
latter year tilling the office of president of tiiat 
l)ody. He was also a member of the first board of 
trustees of the State Asylum for the Insane. In 
financial matters he was favorably known, and for 
years was one of the directors of the Pemigewassett 
Bank, in Plymouth. N. H. lie was one of the 
most active of that persevering band of men who 
originated and carried forward the building of the 
Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad, and for 
fourteen years was the president of its board of 
directors. The herculean labors he performed in 
the progress of this enterprise, and the intense 
anxieties he endured in its behalf, had much to do 
with the completion of the work upon which he 
and the gentlemen associated with him had em- 
barked, and with its final, successful accomplish- 
ment. 

Mr. Quincy was very active in educational mat- 
ters. Remembering his own early struggles, the 
needy student always found in him a friend and 
counselor, and many will always remember with 
gratitude his generous gifts in their extremity. 
He was much interested in the schools of the 
county and the town in which he lived. He was a 
trustee of the Newton Theological Seminary, and 
for years was president of the trustees of the 
New Hampton Academy. He took the deepest in- 
terest in the latter, as for many years it was the 
leading Baptist institution in the State, and had 
connected with it a theological department. At 
one time, by his own funds, he removed from it a 
debt amounting to several thousand dollars. 

In his religious belief Mr. Quincy was thoroughly 
a Baptist, although he had, like all Baptists, a 



wide catholicity of feeling for true believers of any 
name. He was converted under the faithful min- 
istry of Rev. Noah Nichols, pastor of the Baptist 
church in Rumney, and by him was baptized in 
1831. He remained a prominent member of thi» 
church until his death, alwa3's ready to aid it with 
his wise counsel, and contributing largely to its 
support. As it had been his early religious home, 
during his long and eventful life he cherished for 
it a strong and increasing affection. He loved to 
attend the gathering of the Associations and the 
State Conventions, and found these meetings a re- 
freshing rest from the laborious cares of his pro- 
fession. He was a life mein!)er of the Missionary 
Union, and other Baptist organizations formed for 
the advancement of the Redeemer's kingdom. In 
his domestic life he was a kind and indulgent 
parent, and made home attractive by an exhibition 
of its sweeter charities. He died in Rumney, his 
residence for sixty years, Jan. 19, 1875, being 
almost eighty-two years of age. He passed away 
as he had lived, in the full hope of a blessed im- 
mortality. Two sons and three daughters survive 
him. 

One of the most prominent traits in the character 
of Mr. Quincy was his invincible and unbending 
integrity. No temptation could swerve him a 
hair's breadth from a stern and incorruptible 
honesty. In his profession he was keen and sharp, 
but with no smirch of trickery. He was an eminent 
lawyer, a fsxithful public officer, an upright business 
man, and a generous and valuable citizen. In pri- 
vate life he was a most courteous gentleman, highly 
beloved by a very extensive circle of acquaintances. 
In his religious faith he was firm and unwavering, 
trusting for salvation alone in the Lord -Jesus 
Christ, and at the close of his long and active life 
could well say, " I have finished my course ; hence- 
forth there is laid up for me a crown of righteous- 
ness." 



954 



RABUN 



R. 



Rabun, Gov. William, one of the noblest and 
purest of men, was born in Halifax Co., N. C, 
April 8, 1771. AVhen he was about fourteen his 
father, Matthew Rabun, removed to Georgia, and, 
after residing a short time in "Wilkes County, set- 
tled in Hancock County. In the year 1788 young 
William professed faith in Christ, and united with 
the church at Powelton, having been publicly bap- 
tized by Silas Mercer. 

Growing up to man's estate he took a high posi- 
tion, both as a church member and a citizen. With- 
out solicitation on his part, he was, for many years, 
sent to the Legislature from Hancock County, then 
one of the most influential counties in the State. 
Being president of the State senate, in March, 1817, 
he became ex-officio governor of the State, on ac- 
count of the resignation of Gov. Mitchell, and in 
the following November he was elected governor 
of Georgia. He died Oct. 24, 1819, while occupy- 
ing that exalted position. 

He was a man of singular piety. Though highly 
honored by his fellow-citizens, he was not made 
vain by it ; and, though heavily burdened with the 
affairs of state, he never forgot the claims of his 
Master's cause. Up to the time of his death he 
was a regular attendant upon the sessions of the 
Georgia Association, taking an active part in the 
deliberations and workings of the body. Even 
while governor of the State, in the years 1817, 1818, 
1819, his familiar name still appears in the minutes 
of the Association, and it was a pleasing and com- 
mon sight to witness the governor of the State ful- 
filling the duties of chorister and clerk in the Pow- 
elton church. He was a man of prayer, and his 
house was the house of prayer. To all the benev- 
olent institutions of the day he gave his influence 
and his purse. Wise in counsel, firm in purpose, 
upright in dealing, he was possessed of a piety 
transparent, unafi'ected, deep, and ardent ; all the 
elements of true greatness were in him beautifully 
blended. 

Upon the death of Gov. -Rabun, Rev. Jesse Mer- 
cer, by request of the Legislature, preached before 
them a memorial sermon, in which occurs the fol- 
lowing tribute to his piety and worth : " Your late 
excellent governor was the pleasant and lovely 
companion of my youth ; my constant friend and 
endeared Christian brother in advancing years ; 
and until death my unremitting fellow-laborer 
and able supporter in all the efforts of benevolence 



and philanthropy in which I had the honor and 
happiness to be engaged, calculated either to amend 
or ameliorate the condition of men." 

During the Seminole war, in 1818, Gov. Rabun 
called out the militia, and placed them under the 
command of Gen. Gaines. They were ordered, 
under command of Maj. Wrigiit, of the U. S. army, 
to discover the course of the Indians who had been 
committing depredations. Capt. Obed Wright, of 
the Chatham militia, had positive orders from Gov. 
Rabun to destroy Hoponee and Philemi towns, for 
committing atrocities on the frontier. By mistake 
Chehaw town was taken, partly burned, and some 
Indians killed. An angry correspondence ensued 
between Gov. Rabun and Gen. Jackson in regard 
to the matter, a part of which is given. Gen. Jack- 
son wrote, May 7, 1818, " Such base cowardice and 
murderous conduct as this transaction shows have 
no parallel in history, and shall meet with their 
merited punishment. You, sir, as governor of a 
State within my military division, have no right 
to give a military order while I am in the field; 
and this being an open and violent infringement 
of the treaty with the Creek Indians, Capt. AVright 
must be prosecuted for this outrageous murder, 
and I have ordered him to be arrested and confined 
in irons until the pleasure of the President of the 
United States is known upon the subject." In his 
reply, after referring to the communication of Gen. 
Glasscock, upon which Gen. Jackson based his 
answer, Gov. Rabun says, " Had you, sir, or Gen. 
Glasscock, been in possession of the facts that pro- 
duced this affair, it is to be presumed, at least, that 
you would not have indulged in a strain so inde- 
corous and unbecoming. I had, on the 21st of 
March last, stated the situation of our bleeding 
frontier to you, and requested you, in respectful 
terms, to detail a part of your overwhelming force 
for our protection, or that you would furnish sup- 
plies, and I would order out more troops, to which 
you have never yet deigned to reply. You state, • 
in a very haughty tone, that I, a governor of a 
State under your military division, have no right 
to give a military order whilst you ai-e in the field. 
Wretched and contemptible, indeed, must be our 
situation if this be the fact. When the liberties of 
the people of Georgia shall have been prostrated at 
the feet of a military despotism, then, and not till 
then, will your imperious doctrine be tamely sub- 
mitted to. You may rest assured that if the sav- 



RAMBAUT 



RANDALL 



ages continue their depredations on our unpro- 
tected frontier, I shall think and act for myself in 
that respect." 

Eambaut, Thomas, D.D., LL.D., is of French 
descent. He was born in the city of Dublin, Ire- 
land, and was regularly educated in the liberal 
arts, having studied in the celebrated school of 
Rev. Henry Lyon, of Portington, and at Trinity 
College. He came to Savannah, Ga., on attaining 
his majority, with the intention of studying law, 
and was converted under the preaching of Rev. 
Richard Fuller, D.D., of Baltimore, and baptized 
by Rev. W. T. Brantly, D.D., then in Augusta, 
Ga. On the AVednesday following he preached his 
first discourse. He has successively filled the po- 
sitions of pastor of the Blackswamp church, S. C, 
Savannah Baptist church, Ga., president of Chero- 
kee Baptist College, Professor of History and Roman 
Literature in Georgia Military Institute, president 
of William Jewell College, Mo., and pastor of Tab- 
ernacle Baptist church, Brooklyn. He was called 
to be the successor of Rev. Henry C. Fish, D.D., 
as pastor of the First church, Newark, N. J., in 
March, and entered upon this charge on the 1st of 
April, 1878. He received the degree of LL.D. from 
Madison University in 1860, and of D.D. from Wil- 
liam Jewell College in 1873. 

Rand, Theodore Harding, A.M., D.C.L., was 
born in Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, and is a graduate 




THEODORE HARDING RAND, A.M., D.C.L. 

of Acadia College ; was converted and baptized in 
Wolfville in 1855, while attending college ; taught 
in the Provincial Normal School, Truro, from 1861 



to 1864; then he was chief superintendent of edu- 
cation in Nova Scotia until 1870, and rendered 
important services in that department ; traveled 
in Europe and observed methods and results of 
teaching in the best schools there ; was appointed, 
in 1871, chief superintendent of education in New 
Brunswick,' and has there performed similar ser- 
vices to those rendered in Nova Scotia. Admirably 
adapted for educational work, Dr. Rand performs 
his responsible duties with enthusiasm and effi- 
ciency. 

Rand, Rev. Thomas, was born in Manchester, 
N. H., May 21, 1776, his father being a Presbyte- 
rian minister. He was hopefully converted when 
he was twenty-two years of age, and baptized in 
Alstead. He began to preach at once, but wish- 
ing to secure a better preparation for his work, 
he entered the school of Rev. AVilliam Williams, of 
Wrentham, and subsequently graduated at Brown 
University in 1803. He was ordained pastor of 
the church in Ilolyoke (then Ireland Parish, West 
Springfield, Mass.), Oct. 6, 1803. At the time of 
his ordination his church was the only Baptist 
church in a circle the diameter of which would be 
thirty miles, including Hampshire and Hampden 
Counties. Here he performed his work for twenty- 
five years, during six months in the year having 
the charge of a school, in which not a fe-w persons 
whose after-lives were very useful received their 
education. In October, 1828, he became the pas- 
tor of the church in New Salem, N. IL, where he 
remained six years, then went to Hinsdale, con- 
tinuing here two years. For five years he was 
a city missionary in New York City. His closing 
years were passed in Holyoke, among his former 
parishioners, where he died. May 31, 1857. 

Rand, Rev. Thomas, the son of a minister of 
the same name, was born in AVest Springfield. 
Mass., July 10, 1813; licensed to preach in 1836; 
graduated at Hamilton Theological Seminary in 
1838 ; ordained at Bayou Chicot, La., in 1841 ; died 
at Lake Charles, La., July 1, 1869. He devoted 
his life to teaching and preaching, and did much 
to build up the Baptist cause in the Opelousas re- 
gion. He was a ripe scholar and fine preacher. 

Randall, David Austin, D.D., was born in 
Colchester, Conn., -Jan. 14, 1S13. At the age of 
fourteen made a public profession of religion ; was 
licensed to preach June 30, 1838 ; ordained in 
Richfield, 0., Dec. 18, 1839, where he was pastor 
of the Baptist church for five years, and where he 
edited a Washingtonian paper, and gave much time 
to the temperance cause. In 1845 removed to Co- 
lumbus, 0., and became one of the editors of the 
Journal and Messenger. For several years, after 
severing his connection with this paper, he en- 
gaged in the book business. In 1858 was called to 
the pastorate of the First Baptist church, Colum- 



RANDALL 



RANDOLPH 



bus, 0.. and continued in that position eight years. 
During this pastorate he made an extensive jour- 
ney through Oriental countries, the results of 
which he embodied in a royal octavo volume of 
720 pages, entitled "The Handwriting of God in 
Egypt, Sinai, and the Holy Land." This book has 
had an extensive sale, and is said by competent 
critics to be one of the best works on the East. 
Subsequently he made a minute and extensive tour 
through continental Europe, and England, Scot- 
land, and Ireland. 

Dr. Randall was for six years corresponding 
secretary of the Ohio Baptist State Convention, 
and subsequently its treasurer. In 1870 Denison 
University conferred upon him the honorary degree 
of D.D. He still resides at Columbus, 0., where 
he devotes his attention to literary pursuits, though 
he gives much time to lecturing, preaching, and the 
various educational and missionary enterprises of 
the day. 

Randall, Eev, Nelson Birney, was born in 

Springville, N. Y., June 14, 1838. After grad- 
uating from Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y., in 
1858, and from Rochester Theological Seminary 
in 1869, he was ordained at Ypsilanti, Mich., the 
following October. Four years of his previous life 
had been spent in the practice of law in Glovers- 
ville, N. Y. He has sustained with eminent suc- 
cess the relation of pastor in Ypsilanti, Mich., Vine- 
land, N. J., Providence, R. I. (Jefferson Street), and 
Norristown, Pa., where he now ministers, deeply 
intrenched in the affections of the church and con- 
gregation. No small service has been done in the 
wiping out of debts, aggregating $16,000, and 
in important improvements inaugurated under his 
ministry. 

Randall, Judge Samnel, was born in Sharon, 
Mass., Feb. 10, 1778. A pupil of Rev. AVilliam 
Williams, of Wrentham, Mass., he fitted for Brown 
University, and graduated in the class of 1804. 
Hon. Virgil Maxcy and Gov. Marcus Morton were 
members of the same class. Mr. Randall read law 
with Judge Howell, but before completing his 
studies he removed to Warren, to take charge of 
an academy in that village. Quite a number of 
his pupils were subsequently students in college, 
and were an honor to their faithful instructor. 
For many years he acted as a judge in different 
courts in Rhode Island. For forty-four years he 
was a member of the Baptist chui-ch in Warren, 
and took a deep interest in its material and spir- 
itual prosperity. He died at the advanced age of 
eighty-six, Max'ch 5, 1864. Judge Randall was the 
father of Rev. George M. Randall, D.D., the Epis- 
copal bishop of Colorado. Prof. Gammell says of 
him, " He died as he lived, universally respected 
as an upright magistrate, a useful citizen, and a 
consistent Christian." 



Randall, Rev. William H., was licensed to 
preach in his native town, — ^North Stonington, 
Conn. ; graduated at Hamilton Theological Sem- 
inary, N. Y., in 1850; settled in Frensburg, Phil- 
lipsville, and Williamsville, N. Y. ; in the late war 
raised a company, and entered the service as a cap- 
tain, performing also the duties of a chaplain ; for 
gallant conduct at Chancellorsville he was raised 
to the rank of major; wounded at Gettysburg, and 
obliged to leave the field; in 1865 resumed his pas- 
torate at Williamsville; while seeking restoration 
to health, died at Lake Maitland, Fla., May 7, 
1874, in the fifty-sixth year of his age ; a pure, 
noble spirit. 

Randall, Rev. William Henry, son of William 

P. and Marie L. Randall, was born in Groton, 
Conn., Aug. 23, 1840; converted in February, 
1855, and baptized March 25 of same year by 
Rev. Harvey Silliman, uniting with the Second 
Baptist churcli in Groton ; graduated with special 
honor from Brown University in 1861 ; spent an- 
other year at the university in post-graduate 
studies; taught schools in Mystic and Suffield, 
Conn., and Providence, R. I., from 1865 to 1872, 
with the exception of one year — 1870-71 — spent in 
travel in Europe and the East, visiting specially 
the Holy Land ; studied at Newton Theological 
Institution in 1873-74; ordained pastor of Wind- 
sor Avenue Baptist church, Hartford, Conn., Dec. 
15, 1874; settled with Central Baptist church, 
Thompson, Conn., in June, 1877, where he is now 
(1880) laboring; married, July 1, 1874, Mary F. 
Gallup, daughter of Deacon John Gallup, of Groton, 
Conn. 

Randolph, Judge Joseph F., was born in 

Plainfield, N. J., about 1800. He was the son of 
Rev. Robert Randolph. He was baptized at Free- 
hold by Rev. J. M. Challiss. He opened a law- 
oflBce in Freehold, and afterwards resided and 
practised in New Brunswick, Trenton, and Jersey 
City, where he died at an advanced age. He was 
first elected to Congress in 1838, and served two 
terms. He also was honored with an appointment 
to the judgeship of the Supreme Court in New 
Jersey. 

Randolph, Warren, D.D., son of Lewis S. and 
Hannah (Gilman) Randolph, was born at Piseata- 
way, N. J., March 30, 1826. He was a graduate 
of Brown University in the class of 1851. Among 
his classmates were Prof. J. L. Diman, D.D., and 
Rev. J. B. Simmons, D.D. Snon after his gradu- 
ation he was ordained as pastor of the High Street 
Baptist church, Pawtucket, R. I., where he re- 
mained but a short time, and then accepted a call 
to become pastor of the Eighth (now Jefferson) 
Street church. Providence. He removed to Phila- 
delphia in 1857, and became pastor of the First 
Baptist church in Germantown, which office he 



RANDOLPH 



957 



HANG DON 



held until 1863, when he was called to the Har- 
vard Street Baptist church, Boston. Four years 
later, in 1867, he returned to Philadelphia, and 
was pastor of the Fifth Baptist church until 1870, 
when his health failinjj; he resigned, and spent not 
far from a year in foreign travel, extending his trip 




WARREN RANDOLPH, D.D. 

as far as to Egypt and Palestine. On his return, 
in 1871, he became Sunday-school secretary of the 
American Baptist Publication Society. In the dis- 
charge of his official duties he traveled very exten- 
sively over the United States, and proved himself 
a most useful agent in promoting tiie interests of 
the society which he served. 

In 1872 a committee was appointed, by a Sun- 
day-School Convention representing the evangeli- 
cal denominations of the United States and Canada, 
to select lessons for a seven years' course of study. 
Dr. Randolph represented the Baptists in this com- 
mittee. Its labors were so successful that before 
the seven years had expired it was calculated that 
about eight millions of persons were reaping the 
advantages of the lessons. A second international 
lesson committee was appointed to serve for the 
ensuing seven years ; of this committee Dr. Ran- 
dolph was a member. He resigned his secretary- 
ship in 1877, to the sincere regret of the Publica- 
tion Society, to accept the pastorate of the First 
Baptist church of Indianapolis, where he remained 
a little more than two years. On his return to the 
East he became pastor of the Central Baptist 
church of Newport, R. I. 

Dr. Randolph has been in almost constant ser- 



vice since his ordination, in 1851, and he is ad- 
mirably qualified for the work of the gospel min- 
istry. 

Rangoon Karen College. — In the fifty-sixth 

annual report presented to the Missionary Union 
in 1870, among other suggestions Dr. Binney made 
the following: '" Wiiether we ought not to make 
some provision for general education for Karens, 
by which this institution" (the Karen Theological 
Seminary) " might be relieved of that department." 
The suggestion of Dr. Binney met with a prompt 
response, and in the annual report of the executive 
committee for 1871, we are told that "the effort 
begun the past year, for the founding of a Karen 
College at Rangoon, is the logical result of the gen- 
eral educational impulse, which has been felt at the 
missionary stations." The college was opened on 
the 28th of May, 1872, Rev. Dr. Binney, president, 
with three native teachers and seventeen pupils. 
Rev. John Packer, who had been professor in the 
State University of Missouri, sailed in October, 1872, 
to be connected with Dr. Binney, both in the theo- 
logical institution and the college. The second 
year of the college opened April 1, 1873, two weeks 
after the arrival of Prof. Packer, and, with the ex- 
ception of two weeks' vacation in October, was in 
continuous session until Jan. 28, 1874. The whole 
number of students in attendance during the session 
was 39, of whom 36 were boys. Of course, the 
work done was of a very elementary character, but 
it was work well done, and designed to be the foun- 
dation work preparatory to something higher in 
the future. Rev. C. H. Carpenter was appointed 
president in 1873, and left the United States in 
January, 1874, to take charge of the college. He 
remained in office but a short time, when Prof. 
Packer was chosen in his place. Several circum- 
stances conspired for a year or two to hinder the 
progress of the college. The report at the end otf 
the session of 1876-77 was more favorable, the 
number of pupils having been 109, and the last 
year the number had risen to 127. Through the 
generosity of one individual an ample site and 
buildings for the college, including a dormitory, 
have been secured. A good beginning has been 
made in the life of the Rangoon College, and the 
prospect of its future usefulness is very bright. 

Rangoon Mission Press.— The first printing- 
press of which the Baptist missionaries made use 
was a gift from the English Baptist ^Mission at 
Serampore, in 1816. It was sent to Rangoon and 
placed under the charge of Rev. G. H. Hough, who 
had learned and practised the trade of printing in 
the United States. At once Mr. Hough put to 
press Dr. Judson's ''Luminary of Christian Doc- 
trines," a catechism, and a translation of the gos- 
pel of Matthew. After the war between England 
and Burmah, Maulmain became the chief seat of 



RANGOON 



958 



RA USCHENB USCH 



printing operations. In 1861 the Mission Printing- 
Press, with all that pertained to it, was again es- 
tablished at Rangoon, under the charge of Rev. 
C. Bennett, and the mission printing was constantly 
and vigorously prosecuted in the line of Scriptures, 
books, and tracts. All the movable portion of Mr. 
Ranney's printing estaljlishment at Rangoon was 
purchased by the Missionary Union in 1862, and 
proved a valuable addition to the facilities needed 
for the publication of a religious literature. From 
Oct. ], 1861, to Sept. 30, 1862, there had been pub- 
lished 2,113,000 pages of matter, religious and 
secular, and during the next year the amount was 
more than doubled. When Mr. Bennett, who had 
spent some time in this country, returned to Ran- 
goon in 1865, he was the bearer of important addi- 
tions to the working material of the printing-office 
and bindery, which had cost over S6000. During 
the two years, 1863-65, 8,751,900 pages had been 
printed. The books and tracts were upon a gi'eat 
variety of subjects, and varied, in size from a 16mo 
to an 8vo, — a revival hymn-book representing the 
first, and a Burmese and English dictionary the 
second. The report of the Executive Committee 
for 1867 estimates the value of the investments 
made to carry on printing at Rangoon at $18,736.56. 
From Oct. 1, 1867, to Sept. 30, 1868, the number 
of pages printed was 10,678,000. Besides the print- 
ing done to meet the wants of the missions, a large 
amount of job work, also, was done, thus enabling 
the Union to reduce the expenses of running the 
establishment. Mr. Bennett, who again made a 
visit to this country, returned to the scene of his 
labors in the fall of 1872. During his absence the 
work went on under the superintendence of Rev. 
I. D. Colburn. In the annual report of the Execu- 
tive Committee for 1877 the announcement was 
made that Mr. Bennett had resigned his connection 
with the press the f;\ll previous. It was stated that 
" he had been more or less intimately connected 
with the press for forty-seven years, and during 
the greater part of this time had taken charge of 
it. He developed excellent business qualities, and 
managed its affairs with great prudence and skill 
till it has become one of the most important factors 
of our mission work in Burmah." Upon the resig- 
nation of Mr. Bennett, Rev. W. II. Sloan was ap- 
pointed superintendent. He remained in charge 
for some time, and on returning to this country on 
account of the health of his family, Mr. Bennett 
consented, temporai-ily, to occupy the position he 
had held for so many years. The report for the 
year ending Oct. 1, 1877, presents the names of a 
long list of books and pamphlets printed in the 
following languages and dialects : English, Bur- 
mese, S'gan Karen, Pwo Karen, and Bghai Karen. 
The number of pages in these books and pamphlets 
was 4693, and the total of pages printed was 



5,843,974. Among the more important of these 
publications we notice, in Burmese, Judson's Eng- 
lish-Burmese Dictionary, completed, royal octavo, 
the Four Gospels, the Acts, and several of the Epis- 
tles, each in royal quarto, together with the Penta- 
teuch in quarto. In S'gan Karen, tlie English- 
Karen Dictionary, in medium quarto, several books 
of the New Testament, and the minutes of six 
Associations. 

Rathbone, Maj.-Gen. John T., was bom in 
Albany, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1821 ; was educated in the 
academy at Albany and the Collegiate Institute 
of Brockport, N. Y. Ilis father died when he was 
fifteen years old, when he left school and accepted 
a clerkship in Rochester. At seventeen years of 
age he united with the Baptist church of Brock- 
port. At eighteen he returned to Albanj^. In 
1845 he built his foundry in Albany, which, with 
the additions since made, is one of the largest in the 
world. 

In 1861, Mr. Rathbone was appointed brigadier- 
general of the Ninth Brigade of the National Guards 
of New York, and on the breaking out of the civil 
war he was appointed commandant of the Albany 
Depot for Volunteers. On being relieved from this 
command Gen. Rathbone was highly complimented, 
not only by the adjutant-general, but by the com- 
mander-in-chief, for his great success in raising 
recruits and performing all the duties of his office. 
lie sent to the front thirty-five regiments from his 
depot. In 1867, Gen. Rathbone resigned his posi- 
tion as commandant of the Ninth Brigade. When 
John A. Dix was elected to the governorship of 
New York he appointed Gen. Rathbone adjutant- 
general of the State, with the rank of major-gen- 
eral, lie served under Gov. Dix's administration 
with credit to himself and great advantage to 
the State. He has been asked to accept political 
nominations, which he invariably declined, ambi- 
tious only to serve his fellow-men as a private 
citizen. He is one of the founders of the Albany 
Orphan Asylum, of which he has been a trustee 
for thirty years, and for many years the president. 
For thirty years he has been superintendent of the 
Emmanuel Baptist Sunday-school, and he has been 
a working member of the church for forty years. 
He founded the Rathbone Library of the University 
of Rochester, of which he is a trustee, to whose 
funds he has contributed about $40,000. 

Gen. Rathbone is one of the noble Baptists who 
have conferred honor upon our denomination in 
the State of New York. 

Rauschenbusch, Augustus, D.D., was born at 
Altena, province of Westphalia, Germany, Feb. 13, 
1816. He was the son of A. E. Rausehenbusch, 
Lutheran pastor in that city, a learned and highly 
esteemed clergyman, from whom also he received 
his earliest instructions. In his fifteenth year he 



RA USCHENB USCH 



959 



HA WD ON 



entered the gymnasium (college) at Elberfeld, and, 
having graduated, he went, in his nineteenth year, 
to the University of Berlin for the purpose of study- 
ing for the ministry. Through the instructions of 
his teacher, the venerable Dr. Neander, and through 
the influence of pious friends, he was awakened to 
a sense of his guilt before God, and, after a 




AUGUSTUS RAUSCHENBUSCH, D.D. 

inward struggle, at the age of twenty, he became a 
decided and joyful believer. Having spent some 
time at home, he went to the University of Bonn, 
where he devoted his time both to natural science 
and theology. At the death of his father, in 1841, 
the son was chosen by the congregation as his suc- 
cessor. As that congregation numbered about 3000 
souls, an important field was thus opened to the 
youthful minister. His earnest pleading aroused 
great opposition on the part of the worldly-minded, 
but, at the same time, it proved the means of 
awakening many hundreds of persons at Altena 
and at various places in the vicinity. 

After four years of successful labor, Mr. Rausch- 
enbusch felt himself more and more hampered by 
his ecclesiastical relations, and, after much prayer, 
he resolved to go to a land where he could preach 
the gospel untrammeled and unmolested. Having 
heard of the great religious destitution among the 
Germans in America, he emigrated to this country 
in 1846, and immediately went to Missouri to preach 
to the numerous Germans settled there. In 1847 
he was invited by the American Tract Society to 
come to New York to conduct the publication of 
their German tracts. Here he became acquainted 



with Dr. Somers, a Baptist pastor, and a member 
of the publishing committee of the Tract Society. 
Through him he was led to consider the question 
of baptism. After a long and prayerful investiga- 
tion of it, he was baptized in May, 1850. He con- 
tinued his connection with the Tract Society until 
August, 1853, superintending their seventy German 
colporteurs, editing their German monthly, the 
Boischafter, and preparing books and tracts. At 
the same time his influence was strongly and ef- 
fectively exerted in furthering the Baptist cause 
among the Germans. In 1851, withdrawing for a 
time from the Tract Society, he labored as a preacher 
in Canada, and organized the first German Baptist 
churches there. Having visited his native land, he 
returned to this country in 1854 with a number of 
emigrants, and settled with them in Missouri. In 
1855 he organized a German Baptist church in 
Gasconade Co., Mo., and preached to it until 1858, 
when, in obedience to a call from the New York 
Baptist Union for Ministerial Education, he took 
charge of the German department of the Theologi- 
cal Seminary at Rochester, N. Y. Since that time 
he has fulfilled, with much ability and success, the 
duties of his professorship. He is doing a great 
work. His influence on the young men going 
forth from Rochester as evangelists and pastors 
of the German Baptist churches is strongly felt, 
and his valuable services are gratefully acknowl- 
edged by all the churches. 

Eawdou College, Yorkshire, England, the the- 
ological seminary originally called " the Northern 
Baptist Education Society," was founded in 1804. 
Until 1859 the college was located at Ilorton, near 
Bradford, and was known as Horton College. Its 
first president was the Rev. William Steadman, 
D.D., whose eminent services established the rep- 
utation of the seminary and won the confidence of 
the churches. Dr. Steadman was succeeded by Dr. 
Acworth, during the latter part of whose presi- 
dency the present handsome and commodious 
building was erected and paid for. The Rev. S. 
G. Green, D.D., Avas elected president on the re- 
tirement of Dr. Acworth. In 1876, Dr. Green 
accepted the position of literary editor of the Re- 
ligious Tract Society, and was succeeded by the 
Rev. T. G. Rooke, B.A., the present head of the 
seminary. About 350 ministers and missionaries 
have been trained in this institution, many of whom 
have distinguished themselves by faithful and suc- 
cessful service in England, the United States, the 
British colonies, and in heathen lands. Rawdon 
College is affiliated to the University of London, 
and during recent years several students have 
graduated with distinction. Two scholarships, the 
"Acworth" and the "Steadman and Godwin," 
have been founded recently. (See illustration on 
next page.) 



RAY 



BAY 




S.WDON COLLEGE, YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. 



Ray, E.ev. Ambrose, a distinguished co-laborer 
with Martin Ball, AV. H. Holcome, and others in 
North Mississippi, was born in South Carolina in 
1798. lie began to preach about 1833, and, after 
a successful ministry of seventeen years, he re- 
moved to Mississippi in 1850, where he took a high 
rank among his co-laborers, and was often called to 
positions of honor and trust among his brethren. 
He died in 1873, and his remains rest at Union 
church, Tippah Co., Miss. 

Ray, L. B., D.D., was born in Hickman, Ky., 
March 30, 1830. lie was converted, and baptized 
by Elder White, into the Little Albion Baptist 
church, Oct. 16, 1844. He was oi-dained in 1856. 
He labored in Kentucky and Tennessee till 1870, 
and then became associated with President Worrell 
in the editorship of the Baptist Sentinel at Lexing- 
ton, Ky. In 1873 he became pastor at La Grange, 
Mo., and removed to St. Louis in 1880. He studied 
in Clinton Seminary, Ky., until ill health compelled 
him in two years to leave school. His ordination 
took place in 1856. After this he devoted much 
time to theological studies, history, and the sciences. 
Thousands have been converted under his ministry. 
Not only as an evangelist is he known, but more 
as a debater on religious questions. He has held 
forty oral discussions. Most of these have been 
with Campbellite and Methodist leaders. His dis- 
cussions have been frequently followed by revivals, 
as well as by the discomfiture of his opponents. 

In 1867 he published his " Text-Book on Camp- 



bellism." Seven editions have been issued, and 
this blighting error has been exposed. In 1870 he 
issued his " Baptist Succession." It is a convenient 




D. B. RAV, D.D. 



hand-book of Baptist history, to meet objections 
against Baptists. Eight editions of it have been 



EA YMOND 



EA YMOND 



issued. " The Church Discussion" is another book 
he has issued, containing a deliate with the Cainp- 
bellites. He now resides in St. Louis, and is editor 
and proprietor of the American Baptist Flag. He 
is a man of marked ability and of ^reat courage. 

Raymond, John Howard, LL.D., was born in 
the city of New York, March 7, 1X14. His father, 
Kliaehini Raymond, a merchant, was distinguished 
for his active interest in every religious enterprise, 
and was a leader among the Baptists of his day. 
In his earliest school-days J. H. Raymond was the 
pupil of Gould Brown, and the influence of this 
master may be traced in his early acquisition of a 
taste for analytical thinking and correct expression. 
He was prepared for college at the Hamilton Acad- 
emy and at the High School of New York. In 1828 
he entered Columbia College. Four years later he 
was graduated at Union College, and immediately 
began the study of law at New Haven. It was 
during this period of his life that he was led to an 
abiding faith in the teachings of the Bible and to 
an acceptance of Jesus as his Saviour. He united 
with the First Baptist ciiurch of Brooklyn, and 
shortly after his convictions led him to the study 
of theology, with the intention of preparing for 
the ministry. In 1834 he entered the Theological 
Seminary at Hamilton, N. Y. His talent for ac- 
quiring languages made it easy for him to gain 
distinction as a student of Hebrew, his progress 
being so marked that he was appointed a tutor of 
the language at the seminary before he had com- 
pleted its course of study. In 1839 the chair of 
Rhetoric and English Literature was established in 
Madison University, and he was called to the new 
professorship. He had rare qualities for the work, 
— habits of thoroughness in study, brilliant orator- 
ical powers, fine rhetorical taste, winning social 
ways, keen sympathies, ready wit, and the art of 
teaching. He soon came to believe that he had 
found his calling, and that he saw his work for life 
in the profession of the teacher. For ten years 
Prof. Raymond continued at Madison University, 
M'inning reputation as an orator and as a teacher. 

He accepted the professorship of Belle-Lettres in 
the University of Rochester at the time of its or- 
ganization, in 1850. He remained at Rochester 
until 1856, when he was selected to organize the 
Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute in Brooklyn. 
This work brought him prominently before the 
educational profession, for he had a difficult task 
assigned to him, and he accomplished it with bril- 
liant success. 

When Matthew Vassar sought the advice of 
prominent American teachers in selecting the man 
who should be intrusted with the work of organ- 
izing the first great college for women, he found it 
to be the general opinion that the temperament, 
the accomplishments, and the experience of Dr. 



Raymond made him the man for the position. He 
was promptly appointed to the presidency and pro- 
fessorship of Mental and Moral Philosophy at Vas- 
sar College. His work there began in the summer 
of 1865. To his task he brought unwearying pa- 
tience, close observation, and the cautiousness of a 
man who appreciates the sacredness of a great trust. 
No man connected with educational institutions 
in this country has shown more talent for organ- 
ization than was exhibited by President Raymond. 
The Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute at its 
inception was looked upon as a dubious experiment. 
He there demonstrated that by new and improved 
organization elements of culture seemingly incon- 
gruous could be made coalescent, and that institu- 
tion became the model after which many high 
schools and academies have been patterned. This 
royal talent was yet more brilliantly displayed by 
him in the organization of Vassar College. His 
work was accomplished, not by spasmodic efforts, 
but by patient industry. A careful process of rea- 
soning brought him to a conviction, and for that 
conviction he could toil unceasingly. Popular ap- 
preciation was not a powerful incentive to him. 
Respect for his own well-considered opinions and 
faithfulness to trusts placed in his keeping were 
the constant motives of his earnest life. Such a 
life gave him an ever-growing influence and an 
unsought eminence. But success did not dim the 
glow of his spiritual graces. Humility, calmness, 
trustfulness, catholicity, and the consecration of 
his industry and his influence shone brighter and 
brighter in him till the end of his life. 

He gave himself so exclusively to his official 
work that his graceful pen had little opportunity 
for exercise. Save a few pamphlets and sermons, 
all marked with dignity and finish of style, he left 
no published works. Never physically strong. 
Dr. Raymond broke down under his labors, and 
though his physician warned him that he must 
have rest, he could not release himself from the 
work he loved. After a year of much suffering, 
in which his quiet patience and geniality shone 
brighter than ever before, with no definable disease, 
but worn out, he died on the 14th of August, 1878. 
His last words fittingly closed his earnest life as 
he quietly said to his fiimily, " How easy, how 
easy, to glide from the work hereto the work in 
heaven !'' His death summoned attention to his 
dignity and worth, calling forth a general tribute 
of respect to his memory. " His fiime, like the 
fame of Arnold, of Rugby, will live and grow 
through generations of those to whom and to 
whose fathers and mothers he was strong guard- 
ian, wise guide, dear friend." 

Raymond, Rev. Lewis, was born Aug. 3, 1807, 
at Walton, Delaware Co., N. Y. When he was 
about seven years of age the family removed to 



RA YNOR 



READ 



Sydney, in the same county, now called Sydney 
Centre. His conversion occurred at twenty-three, 
when he was baptized by Rev. S. P. Griswold, one 
of the veteran ministers of New York. In July, 
1831, he was licensed by the Sydney church, and 
for a while united preaching with his business as 
a builder. His first pastorate was at Laurens, in 
Otsego County. After two years of successful labor 
he removed to Cooperstown, where he remained 
eight and a half years. By this time his brethren 
had found in him uncommon qualifications for use- 
fulness in revival labor, and in 1841 called him to 
that sphere of service. Three years were spent in 
such labor in New York and in Northern Pennsyl- 
vania. In June, 1844, he removed to the West, 
being called to the pastorate of the Baptist church 
in Milwaukee. The church was very small and 
feeble, but grew under his ministry, and erected 
its first house of worship. After four years in 
Milwaukee he was called to Chicago as pastor of 
the Tabernacle church, succeeding Rev. II. M. 
Rice, who had died of cholera. After three years 
he again engaged in revival labors. In 1854 he 
removed to Sandusky, 0., organizing a church 
there, which, however, after one year, he gave up 
to Rev. J. D. Fulton, and he entered the service of 
the Oh;o State Convention. In 1857 he accepted 
a call to a new organization in Aurora, 111., the 
Union Baptist church ; in 1859 he went to another 
new church at Peoria ; at the end of a year he 
entered the army as a chaplain, continuing in that 
service to the end of the war. Since that time he 
has been engaged as an evangelist, and in labor 
with feeble churches. His life has been one of 
energetic service in a spirit of great enthusiasm 
and personal devotion. And the fruit, in souls 
added to the Lord, has been abundant. 

Raynor, Samuel, was born on Long Island, 
Aug. 10, 1810. He was baptized by Dr. Spencer 
H. Cone in 1833, and became a member of the 
Oliver Street church. New Yoi-k, of which he has 
been a deacon over a quarter of a century. He is 
a well-known business man in New York. He is 
distinguished for his liberal support of the great 
institutions of the Baptist denomination. He is a 
manager of the American and Foreign Bible So- 
ciety and of the New York Sunday School Union. 
He was for years president of a benevolent institu- 
tion in New York known as the " Eastern Dispen- 
sary," and has official connection with several in- 
surance companies and the Metropolitan Savings- 
Bank of New York. 

Head, Daniel, LL.D., was born in Orangeville, 
N. Y., April 11, 1825. He was educated at Madi- 
son University, and settled at first as pastor of the 
Big Flats Baptist church, in New York, where he 
was ordained to the work of the gospel ministry. 
He was next pastor of the Medina Baptist church. 



N. Y., and was then induced to accept the pastorate 
of the Second Baptist church of St. Louis, Mo. In 
1856 he was elected president of Shurtleff College, 
in Illinois. This old institution was patronized by 
the Baptists of St. Louis, which enabled Dr. Read 
to render the special service to it that his influence 
in that city and his learning promised. Under his 
charge the college was placed on a firm financial 
basis, and rose to a position it had not hitherto 
attained. 

In 1873, Dr. Read resigned the presidency of the 
college and accepted a call of the First Baptist 
church of Williamsburg, N. Y. He is a faithful 
pastor and an able preacher. His study of the 
Bible in the languages in which it was written 
makes him one of the most instructive expounders 
of its sacred truth. 

Read, Rev. George R., of Alameda, Cal., -was 

born at Attleborough, Mass., March 5, 1841 ; bap- 
tized at North Attleborough in October, 1856 ; 
served in the army under Gen. Banks at New 
Orleans until 1863 ; studied at Pierce Academy, 
Mass.; graduated at Brown University in 1868, 
and at Newton Theological Seminary in 1871 ; 
settled as pastor for five years at Lisbon Falls, 
where he was ordained, Oct. 25, 1871. The church 
grew under his ministry ; many were baptized. 
He removed to California in December, 1876, and 
supplied the Stockton church six months, during 
the pastor's absence in the Holy Land. In July, 
1877, he settled at Alameda, organized a church, 
built a house of worship, and has been favored 
with growing prosperity. He is greatly beloved, 
is a self-denying pastor, and zealous worker. He 
has acted in honorable official positions in Asso- 
ciations and Conventions, and is numbered with 
the brethren of influence on the Pacific coast. 

Read, Rev. Geo. W., was born at Frankfort, 
Ky., Jan. 16, 1843. Mr. Read spent nearly three 
years and a half in the Union service during the 
war, receiving a wound from which he still at times 
severely suffers. He was baptized Dec. 1, 1866. 
He entered Shurtleff College preparatory to the 
work of the ministry, and was ordained at Kin- 
mundy. 111., June 11, 1871. He was pastor of the 
Baptist church in Clayton, 111., five years, and the 
Union Avenue church, Litchfield, 111., one year. 
He removed to Peru, Neb., Jan. 1, 1878. Through 
his labors a commodious church edifice has been 
built. He preaches to the Brownville Baptist 
church in connection with that of Peru. 

Read, Rev. Hiram Walter, was born in 

Jewett City, Conn., July 17, 1819 ; baptized March 
11, 1838, at Oswego, N. Y. ; educated at Oswego 
Academy and Madison University ; began his min- 
istry in 1844, at Whitewater, Wis. He was pastor, 
and chaplain to Wisconsin senate, and labored in 
I many revivals. In 1849 he went to New Mexico, 



READ 



REDING 



and in 1852 preached to U. S. troops and to the 
Indians and Mexicans ; organized churches, located 
missionaries, and established schools, explored ad- 
jacent Territories, and laid foundations for mission 
work. Returning; East, he labored for the Home 
Mission and the American and Foreign Bible So- 
cieties, and settled for a time in Virginia, near 
Washington ; built the Falls Baptist church, and 
helped others in revivals. . During the war he 
served the U. S. government at AVashington, in 
the field, and in hospitals ; was taken prisoner, 
and exchanged for Dr. Broaddus, of Fredericks- 
burg, Va. Assisted to establish the Territorial 
government of Arizona, and held positions of great 
pecuniary trust, under direction of the U. S. treas- 
urer. Visited California in 1864. In 1865 settled 
at Hannibal, Mo., and soon after was engaged in 
many revivals as an evangelist. His labors have 
been greatly blessed in Eastern cities and many of 
the larger towns of the country. He has baptized 
nearly 1000, and led thousands more to Christ, who 
were baptized by others. While in New Mexico he 
was captured by Indians, and threatened with death 
by fire, but was graciously saved. He is now pastor 
at Virginia City, Nev. 

Read, Rev. Isaiah W., was born at Frankfort, 
Ky., May 25, 1848 ; baptized Dec. 2, 1866. He 
was ordained at Roanoke, 111., June 10, 1873, and 
became pastor of the Baptist church of that place. 
He afterwards had charge of the Baptist churches 
in Kingsbury and Elkhart, Ind. He graduated 
from the Baptist Theological Seminary in Chicago, 
May 8, 1879, receiving the degree of B.D. He had 
previously accepted a position under the American 
Baptist Publication Society as their general mis- 
sionary in Nebraska and Dakota. Efficient and 
valuable work has been already done by him in 
this new field. 

Read, Rev. James C, was born at Frankfort, 
Ky., April 18, 1845. Mr. Read spent two years 
and eight months in the Union service during the 
war. He was baptized Dec. 2, 1866 : educated at 
Shurtleff" College, Upper Alton, 111., and the Bap- 
tist Theological Seminary in Chicago. He labored 
with the Baptist churches in Fairbury, Washington, 
and Metamora, 111., and in Westville, Ind. He re- 
moved to Nebraska in 1879, and became pastor of 
the Baptist churches at Tecumseh and Sterling, 
in which field his toils have been incessant and 
his labors greatly blessed. He is at the present 
time engaged in building a church edifice in Te- 
cumseh. 

Read, Rev. John C. H., was born at Frankfort, 
Ky., May 5, 1857; baptized in 1866; ordained at 
Roanoke, 111., Dec. 30, 1875, from which he re- 
moved to Edwardsburg, Mich. In 1879 he ac- 
cepted a call from the Baptist church in Blair, 
Neb., where he has met with much success. 



Blessed are the parents who have given to the 
cause of Christ four efficient and faithful minis- 
ters, men who are deeply interested in all ques- 
tions pertaining to the progress of the church and 
the denomination, not alone in their imtnedinte 
fields, but also in the State and throughout the 
world. 

Read, Rev. Wm. E., was bom in Missouri, 
Feb. 4, 1845 ; removed with his parents to Califor- 
nia in 1852 ; was converted, and joined the Meth- 
odists in 1855. In 1862 he was appointed to take 
charge of the Carson Valley Circuit, Nevada Ter- 
ritory. During the war he was three years in the 
U. S. army. At its close he continued in the Meth- 
odist ministry, and was located in California, at 
Cache Creek, Rio Vista, Capey, and Colusa. In 

1873 he joined the Baptist church at Newville ; 
was licensed, and ordained in 1875 ; labored as a 
missionary of the Sacramento River Association ; 
traveled and preached in the mountain regions and 
mining camps ; organized Sunday-schools, and 
preached to feeble churches. He has been for 
three years clerk of the Sacramento River Asso- 
ciation, and in 1880 was enrolling clerk of the 
California Legislature. Conscientious, finely edu- 
cated, easy in public address, and logical in preach- 
ing, he is held in high esteem, and is known as an 
earnest and successful advocate of the ordinances 
and faith of the Baptists. 

Reding", Rev. Charles W., was bom in Ports- 
mouth, N. H., Sept. 21, 1811, and was a graduate 
of Brown University in the class of 1837, and of 
the Newton Theological Institution in the class of 
1840. He was ordained as pastor of the church in 
West Townsend, Mass., May 12, 1841, where he re- 
mained for three years, and then removed to Yar- 
mouth, Me., where he was pastor also for another 
three years. From Yarmouth he went to the Second 
church in Beverly, Mass., where he continued until 
1856, and then removed to Manchester, where he 
was pastor five years ; then two years at Beverly, 
with his former church ; then at Webster, from 1863 
to 1869 ; and then at Milford, for two years. Since 

1874 Mr. Reding has resided at Beverly, and has 
supplied the church which he formerly served since 
1874. 

Reding, Rev. Joseph, a distinguished pioneer 
preacher in the South and West, was born in 
Fauquier Co., Va., about 1750. He was converted 
under the ministry of the eloquent William Mar- 
shall, and baptized in 1771. He commenced 
preaching immediately, and with such success that 
a large number of people were converted. In 1772 
he removed to South Carolina. The next year he 
returned to his old home, where he was ordained 
at Happy Creek church. Soon after this he located 
in Hampshire County, where he founded several 
churches, there being no other preacher in the 



REED 



REES 



county. In 1779 he started with his family to Ken- 
tucky. His boat was wrecked, and he did not 
reach the present site of Louisville until the fol- 
lowing April. In a short time after he landed one 
of his children died. The Indians were so trouble- 
some that he could preach but little, and in the fall 
he returned to Virginia. In 1784 he again removed 
to South Carolina, where he traveled and preached 
extensively, occasionally supplying the pulpit in 
Charleston, before Dr. Furman took charge of it. 
In the fall of 1789 he settled in Scott Co., Ky. 
He preached there with the same zeal and constancy 
that he had exercised elsewhere, and became the most 
popular preacher in the new settlements. He was 
called to the care of Great Crossing church, to which 
he preached with great success sixteen years. 
During the years 1800 and 1801 he baptized 361 
persons into the fellowship of the Great Crossing 
church. In 1810 he took charge of Dry Run 
church, which he had formed in Scott County. 
Here he remained until his death, which occurred 
in December, 1815. 

Reed, TS. A., D.D., was born in Lynn, Mass., 
Jan. 20, 1815. He was early ambitious for an edu- 
cation, and availed himself, with that view, of such 
opportunities as offered during intervals of labor 
on the farm or in the store, for private study. In 
1832, in a revival at Andover, he was converted. 
Though educated as a Congregationalist, the study 
of the Greek New Testament made him a Baptist. 
He was baptized in 1833 into the fellowship of the 
Andover Baptist church. Deciding to enter the 
ministry, he studied at Brown University, gradu- 
ating in 1838, and was ordained at Wakefield, R. I., 
soon after. His successful pastorates have been at 
Wakefield, Suffield, Conn., Bedford and Franklin- 
dale, N. Y., Winchester, Mass., near Boston, 
Wakefield a second -time, Bristol, R. I., Middle- 
town, N. Y., Zanesville, 0., Grand Rapids, Mich., 
■Hamilton, 0., Muscatine, Iowa, Centralia, 111., and 
the present one at Amboy, in the same State. 
At these important points his work has always 
been fruitful in conversions and additions to the 
churches, while the influence of his public ministry 
has been ever promotive of harmony and the spirit 
of church enterprise. 

Rees, Rev. Cyrus' WiUiam, A.M., was born 

in Guernsey Co., 0., Jan. 2, 1828 ; son of Rev. Wm. 
Rees, who did so much for missions and education 
in Indiana; has two brothers in the Baptist min- 
istry, Rev. EH Rees, of California, and Rev. Jona- 
than H. Rees, of Texas. In early life he studied 
for the medical profession. At eighteen he was 
converted, and baptized by his father at Delphi, 
Ind. Studied at Franklin and Kalamazoo Colleges, 
graduating at Kalamazoo in 1855. Offered him- 
self as a foreign missionary, and was accepted by 
the board at Boston, but the $60,000 debt prevented 



the Union from sending him. In 1855 he settled 
as pastor of the Mount Clemens and Macomb 
churches, Mich., and was ordained November 15, 
precious revivals attending his work at both 
churches. In 1856 he settled at Fort AVayne, 
built a meeting-house, and baptized sixty. Losing 
his voice, he removed to Texas. In 1859 he removed 
to California, regained his voice, settled at Petaluma, 
and built a meeting-house costing $1500; removed 
to Nevada in 1861 ; was the first Baptist preacher at 
Carson, Virginia City, Silver City, Dayton, and 
Fort Churchill, and school superintendent for 
Lyon County. Until 1869 he labored in Nevada 
and Eastern California, and organized more new 
churches than any other pastor or missionary on 
the Pacific coast. He has labored at Sacramento 
and Red Bluff in California, built new meeting- 
houses, organized the Eastern Association in 1873 ; 
moved to Oregon in 1876; M'as pastor at Eugene 
City, the seat of the State University ; is now 
pastor at the Dalles ; has baptized 300 converts. 
He is author of a " Chronological Historical Chart" 
of the leading events of the world ; also author of 
a similar " History of the American Civil War," 
a " Baptist Chronological History from the Days 
of Christ," and now has a work nearly ready for 
the press, containing nearly four hundred Pedo- 
baptist concessions to Baptist principles, arranged 
denominationally. He is a good preacher and 
lecturer on reformatory subjects, and a number of 
his discourses on special subjects have been pub- 



Rees, Rev. Eli, eldest son of Rev. Wm. Rees, 
was born in Ohio, Jan. 11, 1821. Two of his 
brothers are Baptist ministers, C. W. Rees, of 
Oregon, and Jonathan H. Rees, of Texas. Edu- 
cated at Denison University, 0. ; ordained as 
pastor at Huntington, Ind., Jan. 16, 1848. After 
two years he became general agent of the Indiana 
State Association, and did much to arouse a mission 
spirit; organized and served the Brookville church, 
baptizing many converts, until 1854, when health 
required him to go to the warmer climate of Texas, 
where he taught and preached ; was president of 
the Margaret Houston Female College ; held pro- 
tracted meetings, baptized many converts ; and (in 
1859 crossed the plains to California, preaching on 
the journey. During twenty years he has given 
himself to mission work, laboring almost alone in 
the San Joaquin Valley, raising up several Baptist 
churches, and training them for future pastors. 
He is the inventor of a patent which promises fine 
pecuniary returns, which he has dedicated to home 
and foreign missions, and the endowment of a Bap- 
tist paper on the Pacific coast. His residence is 
Merced, Cal. 

Rees, Rev. George Evans, was born near 

Haverford-West, South Wales, in the year 1845 ; 



REESE 



REEVES 



was baptized at Pembroke Dock in the eighteenth 
year of his age ; studied at Bristol College, Eng- 
land, under the presidency of Rev. F. W. Gotch, 
LL.D. ; settled in his first pastorate at Truro, Corn- 
wall, England, and remained more than three years 
and a half. He came to the United States in June, 
1872, and soon after accepted a call to the Taber- 




REV. GEORGE EYANS REES. 

nacle church, Philadelphia, in which field of labor 
he still continues in the esteem and co-operation 
of a large and influential membership. He is also 
connected with the boards of management in city 
and State mission work. Mr. Rees is a man of 
genial temperament and robust intellect, and a 
preacher whose words are spoken with great clear- 
ness and force. The blessing of God has rested 
upon his labors in an unusual measure. 

Reese, Rev. Joseph, was born in Delaware in 
1736. His father came to South Carolina during 
his childhood. He was for many years pastor of 
the Congaree church. He was, in a great measure, 
instrumental in the revival from which the noted 
church. High Hills of Santee, sprang. The people 
of the vicinity had been singularly careless about 
religion, until their interest was awakened l)y Mr. 
Reese, and greatly increased by Dr. Furnian. 

He was in feeble health for years before his 
death. '" His last attendance at church was about 
twelve months before his decease, at which time, 
in great pain and weakness, he administered the 
Lord's Supper." 

Reeves, Rev. James, was born in Wilkes 
Co., Ga., in 1783, and died in Carroll County, 



April 6, 1858, in the seventy-fifth year of his 
age. He was most decidedly a praying man and 
a student of the Bible. From his entrance into 
the ministry he was devoted to its sacred duties, 
and gloried in being a pioneer preacher. He re- 
moved successively to Jasper, Butts, and Troup 
Counties, following the tide of immigration, and 
with John Wood and other zealous ministers 
planted the cross in what was then, comparatively 
speaking, a wilderness. Preaching in log cabins 
and under temporary arbors, they supplied the 
people with Bibles and tracts, and established 
Sunday-schools and temperance societies. Some 
of the most flourishing churches in Troup and the 
adjoining counties were established by Reeves and 
his coadjutors. In tiiose days the anti-mission war 
raged, and John Reeves was one of the firmest de- 
fenders of missions. He was benevolent and ex- 
ceedingly punctual, and no one enjoyed more the 
confidence of those who knew him. To the very 
last he was faithful and devoted, old age neither 
dampening his ardor nor restraining his zeal, and 
death found him "as a shock of corn fully ripe." 

Reeves, Rev. Jeremiah, Sr., was born in 
Halifax Co., N. C. : brought up in the Episcopal 
Church ; his painstaking in the acquisition of 
knowledge gained him the ofiice of clerk, whose 
business it was to assist the rector in public ser- 
vice ; but upon hearing the Baptists preach he 
entered into their views with all his heart. This 
was a source of deep mortification to his father, 
who remarked, "Jerry, I am the more astonished 
at you, seeing you have labored througii so many 
difficulties to inform your mind, and have obtained 
more knowledge than the rest of the family, that 
you should now turn fool and follow after these 
babblers." Nevertheless, Jerry connected himself 
with a Baptist church on Mars' Fork of Haw River 
before the Revolutionary war. He removed to 
Georgia in 1784, and settled in Wilkes County, on 
the Dry Fork of Long Creek, and was among the 
early members of Sardis, then Hutton's Fork 
church. As a Christian, he was zealous, pious, 
and devoted ; as a church member, he was con- 
stant, stable, and persevering ; as a preacher, he 
was ardent in spirit and sound in the faith ; and 
as a mar, he was industrious, courteous, and hon- 
orable. 

Mr. Reeves raised a fine family of children, most 
of whom grew to maturity and became useful 
Christians. Four of them, Malachi, Jeremiah, 
John, and James, became ministers of the gospel. 

Reeves, Rev. Jeremiah, Jr., son of Rev. Jere- 
miah Reeves, Sr., was born in North Carolina in 
1772, and removed with his father to Georgia in 
1784, settling in Wilkes County. He was ordained 
a deacon in 1806, and set apart to the ministry in 
1813. He labored long and faithfully in the north- 



REEVES 



REID 



east part of the State, being one of the first pioneers 
in that section, aiding in the constitution of various 
churches. In sentiment he was strongly mission- 
ary, and encountered some persecution on account 
of his stern advocacy of missionary and temperance 
principles. He vcas a man of great piety, and emi- 
nent for his devotional spirit and for promoting 
missions in the Sarepta Association. He died on 
the 27th of January, 1837, in the sixty-fifth year 
of his age. 

Heeves, Rev. John, third ministerial son of 
Jeremiah Reeves, was born in Georgia about the 
year 1790, and was a very useful man in his day. 

Reeves, Rev. Malachi, son of Jeremiah Reeves, 
Sr., was born in Halifax Co., N. C, about the year 
1770, and removed with his father to Georgia in 
1784. Atmatui'ity he joined the church at Sardis, 
Wilkes Co., and was introduced into the ministry 
through the following train of circumstances: 
About the year 1808 he, in company with his 
brother Jeremiah and Pitt Milner, another mem- 
ber of the church, instituted a series of prayer- 
meetings to be held at their houses. About a dozen 
attended the first appointment, and it was agreed 
to continue the meetings so long as one dozen 
should attend. At each consecutive meeting a 
larger number was in attendance, until both house 
and yard were full. Soon it became apparent that 
the Spirit of the Lord was in the design, and for 
the accommodation of an anxious multitude the 
meeting-house was put into requisition. Naturally 
such an attentive multitude of inquirers rendered 
necessary the reading and expounding of the Scrip- 
tures and exhortation, in which exercises Malachi 
Reeves took the lead, and soon gained for himself 
the title of preacher. Pitt Milner was called the 
exhorter, whilst Jeremiah Reeves, Jr., was called 
the praying man, on account of the fervor of his 
petitions. 

From this commencement a glorious revival en- 
sued, and about 100 were added to the church. 
The Sardis church saw fit to license Malachi Reeves 
to preach, which was done in 1809, and the follow- 
ing year he was ordained to the full work of the 
ministry, and ever afterwards, to his death, in 
1826, he proved a good and useful minister of 
Christ, greatly beloved by all. He was a man of 
good natural talents, clear judgment, and discrim- 
inating understanding. 

Reeves, Rev. Zachariah, a distinguished pio- 
neer preacher in South Mississippi, was born in 
South Carolina in 1799 ; came to Pike Co., Miss., 
in 1811 ; began to preach in 1832; was a man of 
great power, and exerted a wide influence in the 
southern part of the State ; planted many churches ; 
and was for twenty-four years moderator of the 
Mississippi Association ; died in 1871. 

Regent's Park College, one of the finest edu- 



cational edifices in London, England, is the home, 
of the Baptist theological seminary formerly known 
as Stepney College, which was founded in 1810, 
under the presidency of the Rev. W. Newman, 
D.D. Since the removal to Regent's Park, in 18-56, 
lay students have been admitted, and the institu- 
tion has won a high position in public esteem. 
The Rev. Joseph Angus, D.D., LL.D., has been 
president upwards of thirty years. In commem- 
oration of his personal worth and eminent services 
to the Baptist denomination and to education, the 
" Angus Lectureship" has been founded during the 
present year (1880). Regent's Park College is 
affiliated to the University of London, and a large 
number of students have graduated, several of 
whom have taken high honors and valuable prizes. 
During the last twenty years about $50,000 have 
been contributed by friends of the college to found 
scholarships. More than 300 ministers have gone 
forth from the college to labor in difi'erent parts 
of the United Kingdom, the British colonies, the 
United States, and heathen lands. 

Register, The Baptist Annual. — This work 

was first issued in 1790, in London, by Dr. John 
Rippon. Until this period the Baptists in Europe 
and America were destitute of any organ. The 
Register had articles from both sides of the Atlan- 
tic, and it was a creditable forerunner of the long 
list of periodicals and newspapers that now give a 
knowledge of our doctrines and movements to mil- 
lions of readers. 

Reid, Judge Jacob P., departed this life Aug. 
19, 1880, in his sixty-sixth year. He was solicitor 
of the western circuit of South Carolina for sixteen 
years, and was accounted one of the ablest in the 
State. In 1868 he was elected to Congress from the 
third district, but was not permitted to take his 
seat. In 1874 he was elected judge of the first 
circuit, and served with great ability until he 
resigned the position in 1878. 

He was a member of the Anderson Baptist church 
for many years. He was a man of much force of 
character, and of great liberality and public spirit. 
The influence of his useful life will long survive 
him. 

Reid, Rev. Samuel Ethelred, of African de- 
scent, was born of Baptist parents at Browstown, 
Jamaica, West Indies, May 22, 1840. He graduated 
at Lady Mico Institution, Kingston, then engaged 
in mission work. He removed to California in 
1865; preached for the Second Baptist chui-ch, 
Stockton, four years ; was ordained at Stockton in 
October, 1867, and had marked success. Removing 
to Virginia City, Nev., his talent and integrity led 
to his employment in a responsible position in one 
of the gold-mining companies of that city. But he 
preaches frequently, is an official member of the 
church, a man of influence, and deeply interested 



REID 



EELIGWUS 



in the welfare of the scattered colored Baptists on 
the Pacific coast. 

Reid, Rev. T. A., was born in Hall Co., Ga., 
March 2S, 1828. He studied and taught alternately 
until 1853, when he entered Mercer University. 
That great and good man, Rev. P. H. Mell, D.D., 
entered his room and said, "I and my wife have 
determined to take you as a member of our family 
and incur all your college expenses." 

He had long felt it a duty to preach, and soon after 
going to Mercer he told Dr. Mell of his desire, and 
soon after he received a license. 

In 1856 the Kelioboth Association in Georgia 
determined to send him as a missionary to Africa. 
He and his wife sailed from New York on the 7th 
of August, 1857, and landed in Africa in the fol- 
lowing September. In 1858 he lost his wife. In 
loneliness, in perils of a nativt war, and amid great 
privations, he still labored for the Master in Awyaw, 
the capital of the Yoruba country. In 1864 the 
feebleness of his health made it necessary for him 
to return to his native country. Having spent some 
time in England he landed in New York. For sev- 
eral years he preached in South Carolina and in 
other States with acceptance, waiting till the board 
could send liim to his chosen foreign field. The 
board, however, having at length determined not 
to send any more married missionaries to Africa, 
as he was now married a second time, he reluc- 
tantly gave up Africa, and he is now preaching 
with characteristic zeal and success at Millway, S. C. 

Reid, Rev. William, was born in Ayrshire, 
Scotland, in 1812. His parents were Presbyterians, 
but at the age of seventeen lie was baptized by 
Rev. -James Blair, and joined the Baptist church 
of which he was pastor. His father soon after- 
wards also united with the Baptist Church. He 
was licensed by the churcli to preach. In his 
twentieth year he came to the United States, and 
engaged in secular business ; but by the advice of 
friends he resolved to devote himself to the work 
of the ministry. For several years he studied in 
the Connecticut Literary Institution at Suffield. He 
was ordained in East Windsor in 1839, and was 
first settled as pastor at Wethersfield. After two 
years he accepted the pastorate of the church at 
Tarififville. During this settlement of five years 
large additions were made to the church. He then 
became pastor of the church at Bridgeport, where 
he remained nine years : then he took charge of 
the First Baptist church of New London, where he 
remained eight years. He was then pastor at 
Green Point, Brooklyn, four years. From thence 
he was called to the McDougal Street church in 
New York. After a pastorate of several years he 
accepted the call of the Herkimer Street church in 
Brooklyn, N. Y. In all these settlements he met 
with great success. 



He is a fluent, calm, deliberate speaker, showing 
clearly, by his style and accent, that his early train- 
ing was in Scotland. He has a clear head and 
warm heart. Often there is a grandeur in the 
sweep of his thought that thrills and charms his 
hearers. As a Baptist, he is conservative, and 
eminently sound in the faith taught by the fathers 
of the denomination. 

Reinhardt, Rev. J. J., was born a slave, Aug. 
15, 1828, in Lawrence Co., Miss. ; had no early 
advantages of education. He made use of all the 
opportunities which came in his way, and he is 
now prepared to study any book in the English 
language. He has given some attention to New 
Testament Greek, receiving occasional assistance 
and advice from Rev. R. Andrews, Jr., and Rev. 
W. C. Crane, D.D., LL.D. He was born from 
above April 7, 1849, and was licensed and encour- 
aged to preach to his race in the summer of 1849. 
He was ordained to the full work of the gospel 
ministry in the fall of 1866. He has baptized 300 
persons in Walker County, 400 in Grimes County, 
200 in Brazos County, 400 in Robertson County, 60 
in Houston County, 100 in Leon County, and 100 
in Washington County, Texas; total, 1560. He 
has been pastor of 21 churches, all organized by 
his agency, with such help as he could procure. 
He now resides at Navasota, and is pastor of two 
churches. He has held three offices, — 1. Supervisor 
of public schools for Grimes, Walker, Madison, and 
San Jacinto Counties ; 2. School director for Grimes 
County; 3. Alderman for the city of Navasota for 
five years. At present he holds no office except 
that of a minister of the gospel. He is a man of 
fine natural sense, clear and sound judgment, using 
good language in expressing his ideas, and com- 
manding the respect and confidence of both the 
white and colored races. In the coun'cils of his 
people he holds a high rank, and is exerting a 
healthful spiritual influence in the community 
where he resides. 

Reinhart, President H. W., was born in Char- 
lottesville, Va., July 4, 1833 ; graduated in a num- 
ber of the schools of the University of Virginia : was 
baptized by Dr. Jeter ; has taught twenty-four years 
in Virginia and North Carolina, in Albemarle 
Military Institute, Richmond College, Roanoke 
Female College, as co-principal with Rev. J. B. 
Lake, at Fredericksburg, Va. ; came to Yancey- 
ville, N. C, in 1859; served as captain of cavalry 
till health gave way, in 1864; taught in Danville 
Va., Raleigh, N. C, and now for several years has 
been president and proprietor of a prosperous female 
college at Thomasville, N. C. Mr. Reinhart has 
never been ordained, but sometimes preaches. 

Religious Denominations in the United 
States. — The following statistics are from the 
" Baptist Year-Book :" 



RE LYE A 



969 



RENFKOE 



Denominations. 



Baptii 



Adventist... 

Anti-Missio 

Baptists 

Church of God, Wiiipbiennaiians. 

Congregationalists 

Disciples, Canipbellitt-s 

Episcopal, Protestant 

Episcopal, Reformed 

Free- Will Baptists 

Friends 

Lutherans 

Mennonites 

Methodist Episcopal 

Methodist Episcopal, Sonth 

Methodist Episcopal, African 

Methodist Episcopal, Zion African. 

Methodist Episcopal, Colored 

Methodist Evangelical Associa- 
tion 

Methodist, Free 

Methodist, Independent 

Methodist, Primitive 

Methodist Protestant 

MethodistEpiscopal Union, Amer- 
ican (colored) 

Methodist, Wesle.van 

Moravian 

Presbyterian, Cumberland 

Presbyterian, North 

Presbyterian, Reformed 

Presliyterian, South 

Presbyterian, United 

Reformed Churches in America 
(Dutch) 

Reformed Churches in United 



Seventh-Day Baptists.. 
Six-Principle Baptists.. 

Tankers 

United Brethren , 



Renfroe, J. J. D., D.D., was born in Mont- 
gomery Co., Ala., Aug. 30, 1830. He was baptized 
by A. N. Worthy, Aug. 30, 1848; ordained at 
Cedar Bluff in 1852. The earlier years of his life 



* Including 179,029 members on probation, 
f Entire Roman Catholic population. 



Relyea, Rev. S. S., was bom in New York 
in 1822 ; spent two years at Waterville College, 
Me., and graduated at New York City University 
in 1846, and Hamilton Theological Seminary in 
1849. After filling a number of prominent pastor- 
ates in New York he removed to Mississippi, and 
subsequently to Louisiana, where he was actively 
employed in teaching and preaching ; nine years 
in charge of Silliman Institute, Clinton, La. ; eight 
years at Woodland Institute, East Feliciana Parish, 
La. Subsequently he returned to Mississippi, and 
became connected with a school at McComb City, 
Miss., and associate editor of the Southern Baptist. 
He died in 1877. He left a manuscript work on 
church polity. 

Remick, Rev. Timothy, was born in Kittery, 
Me., Sept. 30, 1775 ; was hopefully converted at the 
age of twenty-three, and having become a Baptist 
from his personal study of the Bible, joined the 
Baptist church in Parsonfield, Me. Feeling it to 
be his duty to preach the gospel, he commenced 
his work as an evangelist in the neighborhood in 
which he lived, his labors being followed by rich 
fruits. He was ordained in Cornish, Me., in June, 
1804, as pastor of the church in that place, where 
he remained the rest of his life. His ministry was 
one of blessing to his church and to the community 
in which he lived for so many years. He died 
Dec. 27, 1850. 
62 




J. J. D. RENFROE, D.D. 

were spent among a rude, uncultured people. En- 
tering the ministry when young, with great difficul- 
ties in his pathway, he has by persistent and faithful 
effort made his way to the front rank of preachers 
in the South. During the first years of his min- 
istry he was eminently successful as pastor and 
preacher, baptizing large numbers into the various 
churches in Cherokee and Calhoun Counties of 
which he was pastor. While diligently engaged in 
leading sinners to Christ, he was earnest and ag- 
gressive in his defense of " the faith once delivered 
to the saints."' This led him into frequent contro- 
versies with ministers of other denominations. 
The results of these conflicts never made his 
brethren blush for his defeat, but his almost uni- 
form success made them confident when their cause 
had been committed to the strong young pastor. 

Unusual native ability, hard study, faithful, effec- 
tive service, commanded the attention of the denomi- 
nation, and on the 1st of January, 1858, he was 
called to the pastorate of the church in Talladega. 
The last three years of " the war between the 
States" he spent in Virginia, the efficient and be- 
loved chaplain of a regiment in the Confederate 
army. At the close of the war he returned to Tal- 
ladega, resuming his pastorate. The beautiful 
brick building in which the church in Talladega 
now worships is a lasting monument of his indomi- 



RENFROE 



970 



REPENTANCE 



table energy and untiring zeal. He is still the 
pastor of the church in Talladega, enjoying the 
unquestioning confidence and deepest Christian 
affection of the entire membership. 

His practical, pointed, and able contributions to 
various religious periodicals during almost the en- 
tire term of his public life have given him a wide 
reputation, and made him a power in the denom- 
ination. The current questions of the day always 
command his attention, and he is ever ready to 
defend the tenets of his church. 

In 1875 Howard College conferred upon him the 
degree of Doctor of Divinity. 

To him more than to any other is due the credit 
of inaugurating the State mission work in Alabama. 
When almost all were opposed he stood firm, and 
contended earnestly for what he conceived to be best. 
Results have demonstrated his wisdom and rewarded 
him for all the efforts made in this direction. 

Dr. Renfroe is a man of strong convictions, with 
courage to follow wherever they lead without hesi- 
tation and without wavering. An humble man of 
God, who has spent his life and sacrificed himself 
in the service of his Master. 

The latter years of his life have been made bitter 
by severe bereavements and affliction. Amid re- 
jieated sore troubles and hard trials, rapidly recur- 
ving, he has made it manifest that he is a trusting 
child of God, a good servant of Christ, who can 
endure hardness as a good soldier of the Cross. 

To-day no minister in Alabama occupies a larger 
or more tender place in the affections of his breth- 
ren, no man has more of the confidence and respect 
of the denomination to which he belongs. 

Renfroe, Rev. M". D., was born in Macon Co., 
Ala., Oct. 7, 1833 ; united with the Baptist Church, 
and was baptized by Rev. J. R. Hand in 1848; 
educated in the Cedar Bluff Academy and in Union 
University, Tenn. ; spent four years in the uni- 
versity under Rev. J. W. Eaton, LL.D.. also took 
the theological course under Rev. J. M. Pendle- 
ton, D.D. ; ordained as pastor of the church in 
Jacksonville, Ala., in 1859, where he manifested 
superior tact as a young pastor, and far more than 
ordinary ability as a preacher ; entered the Con- 
federate service at the opening of the war, and was 
killed, in command of his company, in the battle of 
Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. From child- 
hood he was distinguished for the purity of his 
personal character, and after becoming a Christian 
his life was nearly faultless. At the time of his 
death he was popular, and growing in popularity 
in the army as a soldier, as an officer, and as a 
minister, for he frequently preached to his com- 
rades. When on the march, when in hard service, 
when in need, and when any were sick, he was con- 
stantly watchful for them and tender of their inter- 
ests, though rigid in duty. After he fell the Rev. 



Dr. Henderson edited a tract of sixteen pages on 
his life, entitled " The Model Confederate Soldier," 
which was published in thousands by the Virginia 
Tract Society, and circulated among the soldiers ; 
it consisted mainly of articles which appeared in 
the papers about him. He was one of the purest 
and most spotless soldiers in the Confederate army. 
His remains were carried to Alabama and buried 
in Talladega, where his elder brother, the Rev. J. 
J. D. Renfroe, has long been pastor. Mr. Renfroe 
was twenty-nine years old, and unmarried. 

Repentance is indispensable to the blotting out 
of our sins and to the possession of that holiness 
without which no man shall see the Lord. It was 
frequently on the lips of John the Baptist, and of 
the Saviour and his apostles, and it should be in 
the heart of every member of Adam's guilty race. 

Repentance is not merely fear for God's anger, 
coming from a consciousness of our guilt. The 
five foolish virgins, when death came, were filled 
with apprehensions in view of meeting God, and 
they immediately sought pardon, and failed to find 
it because the Saviour knew nothing about them as 
penitent persons. 

Repentance is not mere grief for the consequences 
of sin. Esau sold his birthright, and for an insig- 
nificant price he gave up the honor of being the 
father of the coming Messiah, of many kings, and 
of a great historic nation, stretching over thousands 
of years of human history. When he came to see 
the full measure of his foUy, he was filled with 
bitter grief for the consequences of his sin. So 
are convicts in view of the scaffold, and so are hosts 
of men drawing near the eternal world who have 
never repented. 

Repentance is not despair in view of some great 
wrong which the soul has committed. Judas was 
guilty of an act of atrocious baseness in betraying 
Jesus for thirty pieces of silver. He evidently had 
no idea that the Jews intended to proceed to such 
extreme measures with his late Master, though he 
knew full well that they wanted to perpetrate some 
outrage upon him. And when he learned that 
Jesus was condemned to be crucified he was filled 
with maddening despair and he destroyed himself. 
He seems to have had no regret for any other sin 
of his hypocritical and dishonest life. lie solicited 
no pardon. He was simply overwhelmed with a 
consciousness of his great guilt in betraying the 
sinless Redeemer to a violent and cruel death. 
The Saviour says about this false apostle, "Woe 
unto that man by whom the Son of man is be- 
ti-ayed : it had been good for that man if he had not 
been born." The fierce anguish of his soul was 
not repentance for his great sin, nor for any other 
of his iniquities : it had no appeals for mercy in it, 
and the man was abandoned by his fellows and by 
himself as worthy to feel forever in his soul the 



REPENTANCE 



RESURRECTION 



woe pronounced by Jesus upon him by whom the 
Son of man was betrayed. In many similar cases 
of despair, and sometimes of suicide, there has been 
no repentance, no supplication, and no forgiveness. 
It is a delusion to suppose that agonizing despair 
for sin is that repentance which secures salvation. 

Repentance has nothing in common with Catholic 
penance. Fastings, flagellations, hairy garments 
to sting the skin, and other forms of penance are 
foreign to the nature of gospel repentance. When 
it is said, " Repent ye therefore, and be converted, 
that your sin may be blotted out," we are not to 
imagine that Peter enjoins any penance, any phys- 
ical application to secure the removal of our in- 
iquities. 

Repentance is a change of mind or purpose. 
This is the meaning of /^ETuvota^ the Greek word 
translated repentance in the New Testament. 
There is implied in it sorrow for unbelief and sin, 
and a turning from them unto God. Until a man 
repents he commonly feels comfortable about him- 
self and his ways; but when the Saviour, through 
the Spirit, gives him repentance he changes his 
mind about himself, and seeing nothing good in 
his heart or in his works, his whole soul cries out, 
" Lord, be merciful to me a sinner." 

Repentance is a change of mind about God's re- 
lations to the soul. Before its existence in the heart 
the unbeliever feels as if Jehovah had little, if any- 
thing, to do with him or his acts. When the Spirit 
gives him penitential light he sees immediately that 
every sin against himself or others is a crime 
against God. And his soul, as he considers each 
transgression, is ready to cry out before the Lord, 
" Against thee, thee only have I sinned, and done 
this evil in thy sight." Before he repents the jus- 
tice of God seems to him very pure, but distant, 
and in a large measure powerless. When he is 
first illuminated by the Spirit the justice of God 
appears to him to be the most active attribute of 
Jehovah, and he is certain that it must be satisfied 
before his conscience can enjoy rest. This change 
of mind is instantly attended by a change of heart, 
and like the prodigal loathing his husks, the pen- 
itent abhors his sins, and his whole soul turns from 
them. Repentance is always accompanied by a con- 
viction that the soul is in a lost condition. "How 
many hired servants of my father," salth the prod- 
igal, " have bread enough and to spare, and I perish 
with hunger?" The penitent always desires to go 
to the Saviour after receiving the heaven-given 
"change of mind." The decision of his soul is, 
"I will arise and go to my father." As the pen- 
itent man thinks of his wasted life, of the privileges 
he has abused, of the Redeemer against whom he 
has madly fought, of his numerous and aggravated 
iniquities, his heart is filled with grief, it is a broken 
and a contrite heart, and he feels resolved that 



nothing shall keep him from Jesus. And nothing 
can; the unchanging Spirit who has commenced 
the work of saving his soul, by giving it repentance, 
will never cease his loving toils till the soul rejoices 
in the dazzling light of the day of Christ in heaven. 

Repentance never saved a soul by its merits; it 
lays the needful foundation for the temple of faith 
in the heart. But all the penitential sorrows of 
Adam's family would not remove one faint stain 
of sin. If a man borrowed five thousand dollars, 
fir which he gave security, and squandered it most 
foolishly, and afterwards, filled with true repent- 
ance, he solicited and expected the forgivenness 
of the debt because he was sorry for it, the spend- 
thrift would only meet with contempt in his appli- 
cation ; his sureties would have to pay the money. 
Faith alone in the Crucified cleanses from all sin, 
and repentance is God's instrumentality for lead- 
ing the sinner to the Lamb of God, the Great Re- 
mover of sin. 

Restoration. — It is the privilege and duty of 
every Baptist church to restore to its fellowship 
any of its own fallen members who lament and 
renounce their backslidings. When an excluded 
and reclaimed brother seeks restoration to church 
relations in a strange church, it has a right to re- 
ceive him on the broad ground of the independ- 
ency of Baptist churches, but this right should be 
exercised with prudence. Our churches owe each 
other fraternal courtesy in matters of discipline as 
well as in other things ; and, as a consequence, many 
of our Associations have a resolution declaring that 
the churches composing them will respect each 
other's discipline, and all of them have an under- 
standing of kindred import. 

It is desirable, therefore, in every case, that the 
excluded person should be restored by the church 
which expelled him from its membership. But as 
he sometimes has decided and well-founded objec- 
tions to connect himself with his former friends, 
the church of his new choice should gain their 
concurrence to his restoration, if possible ; and fail- 
ing, and thoroughly satisfied of the piety of the 
applicant and of the justice of his objections, they 
may call a council, and receive him on its recom- 
mendation, — if it is an important case this is the 
wiser course, — or they can admit him to their fel- 
lowship without any external advice. 

It is extremely desirable that Baptist churches 
should act in harmony in everything ; but it is of 
great importance that no disciple of Jesus should 
suffer wrongfully. 

Resurrection, The, was one of the chief ele- 
ments in apostolic preaching. Wherever Paul 
went in his missionary journeys he proclaimed 
Jesus and the resurrection, — the complete redemp- 
tion of soul and body by the Saviour's cross. The 
doctrine of the resurrection was one of the great 



RESURRECTION 



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REVIEW 



agencies in making the early Christians fearless 
of bodily danger and death. As the flames, the 
sword, or the wild beasts threatened them, they 
felt confident that the body would spring from the 
dust of death with immortal vitality, and in the 
wondrous glory which the Saviour's body wore 
when he took his place in paradise, and they were 
ready to defy death in its most hideous forms, and 
bid it welcome in any situation. We can scarcely 
conceive the extraordinary joy which the resurrec- 
tion gave Christ's first followers; the cross with 
its fierce agonies, its ghastly death, its darkened 
sun, its rent rocks, its cleansing blood, its intense 
love, and the hopes which it kindled in the be- 
liever's heai-t, was only a little dearer to primitive 
Christians than the resurrection. They loved to 
think of the bursting graves, of the saints in glori- 
fied bodies, of routed and conquered death, of per- 
secutions, diseases, and the decay of years crushed ; 
of the saintly victims of infuriated soldiers invested 
with spiritual and glorious bodies. To them the 
cross was the fountain of all blessedness, and the 
resurrection the righest stream of hope that flowed 
from the cross. 

They refused to continue the word sepulchre (a 
place of concealment) as a designation for the rest- 
ing-place of a dead believer ; they used the word 
cemeteries (KotfiTiTTjpia) , that is, dormitories, to de- 
scribe the scenes where the holy dead were sleep- 
ing, until the trumpet of the archangel should ban- 
ish their slumbers and arouse their bodies from the 
sleep of years or ages. 

In the ordinance of baptism there is a distinct 
announcement of the resurrection as well as of 
death and burial. Paul says, " Therefore we are 
buried with him by baptism into death: that like 
as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory 
of the Father, even so we also should walk in new- 
ness of life. For if we have been planted together 
in the likeness of his death (in the baptismal im- 
mersion), we shall be also in the likeness of his 
resurrection" (by rising up from the waters of bap- 
tism). — Rom. vi. 4, 5. Paul uses baptism as an 
ai-gument in favor of the resurrection. "Else what 
shall they do who are baptized for the dead (who 
profess faith in the resurrection of the dead by the 
very form of baptism), if the dead rise not at all? 
why are they then baptized for the dead?" — 1 Cor. 
XV. 29. That is, "Why does baptism proclaim the 
resurrection of the dead if there is no such thing?" 
Just as the Lord's Supper shows the wounds and 
blood of Jesus, so baptism teaches the resurrection 
of the dead. 

The Philadelphia Confession of Faith says, " At 
the last day such of the saints as are found alive 
shall not sleep, but be changed, and all the dead 
shall be raised up with the self-same bodies, and 
none other, although with dififerent qualities, which 



shall be united again to their souls forever. The 
bodies of the unjust shall, by the power of Christ, 
be raised to dishonor ; the bodies of the just, by 
his Spirit, unto honor, and be made conformable 
to his own glorious body." (Article XXXIII. 2, 3.) 

The resurrection body, as the Confession says, 
will have "different qualities"; in fact, the quali- 
ties are just the opposite of the body deposited in 
the grave: "it is sown in corruption, it is raised 
in incorruption ; it is sown in dishonor, it is raised 
in glory ; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in 
power ; it is sown a natural (animal) body, it is 
raised a spiritual body." — 1 Cor. xv. 42-4:4. This 
resurrection body -will be a wonderful structure, 
entirely unlike any other human body except the 
one now worn by the Saviour in the heavens. 
Paul's idea seems to be that as a grain of wheat 
planted in the earth has a germ of life in it, which 
makes a stalk and, in due time, grains of wheat 
exactly like itself, so from the human body, at the 
resurrection, shall spring up a spiritual body, with 
every feature of the " natural" body once deposited 
in the grave, but with wholly " different qualities." 
A distinguished Baptist clergyman, commenting on 
Paul's resurrection theory in the fifteenth chapter 
of the first epistle to the Corinthians, says, "As 
the wheat germ controls the form, not the material, 
of the plant, so, as to its form, though not its 
material, will the germ of each human body, fash- 
ioned alike in infancy, youth, maturity, and decay, 
produce for itself its own body," — that is, a body 
exactly like the one smitten by death, and reduced 
to dust by the grave. This sublime victory over 
death and the grave fills the apostle with jubilant 
exultation, and inspires rapture in the heart of 
the intelligent and devout Christian. When Pha- 
raoh proposed to Moses to let the children of Israel 
depart on condition that they should leave their 
flocks and herds in Egypt, Moses replied, "Our 
cattle also shall go with us ; there shall not a hoof 
be left behind." So our redemption shall be com- 
pleted by the recovery of the whole man, both soul 
and body, from the havoc of sin, the blows of the 
Destroyer, and the power of the grave ; there shall 
not an atom of the man be left behind. 

Some believe that there will be two resurrec- 
tions at distinct periods of time, the " dead in 
Christ rising first" (1 Thess. iv. 16), "obtaining a 
))etter resurrection" (Heb. xi. 35), and enjoying 
the apocalyptic benediction, "Blessed and holy is 
he that hath part in the first resurrection" (Rev. 
XX. 6) ; but the object of this article forbids us to 
treat of the second resurrection in this place. It 
is proper to state that the doctrine is held by not a 
few Baptists, among whom there are men of unsur- 
passed piety and intelligence. 

Review, The Christian, was commenced in 
1836. The design was to make it a literary and 



REVOLUTION 



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REVOLUTION 



religious quarterly, which, under its varying for- 
tunes, and lately under the name of the Baptist 
Quarterly, it always has been, with the exception 
of a brief period, when it was issued bi-monthly. 
Prof. J. D. Knowles was its first editor, and con- 
tinued such to the time of his death, when Rev. 
Dr. Sears took charge of the editorial department, 
his connection with it dating from the second num- 
ber of the third volume. This relation continued 
until the close of the sixth volume, when it passed 
into the hands of Rev. Dr. S. F. Smith, where it 
remained to the end of volume thirteen. The 
fourteenth volume was edited by Rev. E. G. Sears. 
Rev. Dr. S. S. Cutting, with several assistant edi- 
tors, carried it to volume eighteenth, and Rev. Drs. 
Turnbull and Murdoch to volume twenty-first. Rev. 
J. J. Woolsey was the editor of the twenty-first 
volume, and Rev. Drs. Wilson and Taylor editors 
of the next three volumes. Dr. E. G. Robinson 
was its next editor, and had the charge of the next 
four volumes, bringing it down to 1863, when it 
was merged into the Bibliotheca Sacra, with Dr. 
Sears as one of the editors. The union of the two 
periodicals continued for one year, when it ceased, 
and the Baptist Quarterly occupied the position 
which the Christian Review had held, as the sole 
organ of its kind in the Baptist denomination in 
this country. 

"The Review,^^ says Rev. Dr. Crowell, to whom 
we are indebted for the above facts, " has main- 
tained a highly respectable position among the 
literary and theological quarterlies of the day. It 
has been an able exponent of Baptist principles, 
though catholic in its tone." It has added some 
23,600 pages to the permanent literature of Amer- 
ican Baptists. 

It seems unnecessary to mention the names of its 
contributors, as they include those who will be rec- 
ognized as leading Baptist scholars and divines, 
and some who are not Baptists, in difierent sec- 
tions of the country. 

Revolution, The, and the Baptists.— When 

the Legislature of Massachusetts, in 1778, forbade 
the return of 311 public enemies to their govern- 
ment, the historian Backus, who was acquainted 
with the facts, declares that not one of them was a 
Baptist. (Church History, p. 196. Philadelphia.) 
In Sabine's "History of American Loyalists" 
(Tories), with its 3200 brief biographies, we find 
46 clergymen of one denomination, 6 of another, 3 
of another, and but 1 Baptist minister. This, was 
Morgan Edwards, a man of great genius and worth, 
who was born in the Old World, and who foiled to 
honor the patriotism of the Baptists of his native 
country by adopting it. We can discover no lay- 
man in Sabine's list who was a Baptist. Chris- 
topher Sower, of Germantown, Pa., is represented 
by Sabine as a German Baptist minister and a 



Tory. Sower was a printer and bookseller, and 
unbound Bibles belonging to him, because of his 
loyalty to King George, furnished cartridge-paper 
for the Continental troops at the battle of German- 
town. Sower was not a Baptist, but a member of 
a respectable German community that has no rela- 
tions with the Baptists. 

In the work of the Tory exile, Judge Curwen, 
of Salem, Mass., there are the names of 926 per- 
sons who fled from Boston with Gen. Howe when 
he sailed for Halifax ; there are also the names of 
many others who left their country by the persua- 
sion of State laws, committees of safety, or their 
own just fears. Among these are persons of all 
occupations, and of all positions in colonial society, 
46 clergymen keeping them in company. In this 
singular work (Curwen's "Journal and Letters." 
Boston, 1864. Written in England, while its author 
was living on British alms), in which are the names 
of many American Tories, the gossiping ex-judge 
treats of literature, war, politics, theatres, and the- 
ology, but no hint is given that one of the Tories 
mentioned in it was a Baptist. Nor can we learn 
from other sources that any of them inflicted such 
a disgrace upon us. 

President John Adams, in some respects an 
enemy of the Baptists, gives our people credit for 
bringing Delaware from the gulf of Toryism to the 
platform of patriotism. And he charges the dis- 
loyalty of her people on " the missionaries of the 
English Episcopal Society for the Propagation of 
the Faith." (Life and Works, by Charles Francis 
Adams, vol. x. p. 812.) 

George Washington, in his reply to the "Com- 
mittee of the Virginia Baptist Churches," which 
expressed to him grave doubts about the security 
of religious liberty under the Constitution of the 
United States, just adopted, said, "I recollect with 
satisfaction that the religious society of which you 
are members has been throughout America, uni- 
formly and almost imanimously, the firm friends 
of civil liberty, and the persevering promoters of 
our glorious Revolution." (Writings of George 
Washington, Sparks, vol. xii. 154-55. Boston.) 
With such a testimony from the noblest patriot of 
the whole human race, we may well bless God for 
our religious ancestry, who were among the most 
active builders of our country's great temple of 
liberty. (See articles on Virginia Baptists and 
THE Revolutiox, and Rhode Island Baptists and 
THE Revolution.) 

Revolution, The, and the English Baptists. 

— When Robert Hall, the future great preacher, 
was a little boy, he heard the Rev. John Ryland, 
Baptist minister of Northampton, say to his father, 
"If I were Washington I would summon all the 
American officers, they should form a circle around 
me, and I would address them, and we would offer 



REVOLUTION 



974 



REVOLUTION 



a libation in our own blood, and I would order one 
of them to bring a lancet and a punch-bowl, and we 
would bare our arms and be bled, and when the 
bowl was full, when we all had been bled, I would 
call on every man to consecrate himself to the work 
by dipping his sword into the bowl, and entering 
into a solemn covenant engagement by oath, one to 
another, we would swear by him that sits upon 
the throne and liveth for ever and ever that we 
would never sheath our swords while there was an 
English soldier in arms remaining in America." 
(Robert Hall's AVorks, vol. iv. 48, 49. Harper, 
N. Y.) 

Dr. John Rippon, of London, in a letter to Presi- 
dent Manning, of Rhode Island College (Brown 
University), written in 1784, says, "I believe all 
our Baptist ministers in town (London) except two, 
and most of our bi'ethren in the country, were on 
the side of the Americans in the late dispute. . . . 
We wept when the thirsty plains drank the blood 
of your departed heroes, and the shout of a king 
was amongst us when your well-fought battles 
were crowned with victory ; and to this hour we 
believe that the independence of America will for 
a while secure the liberty of this country. But if 
that continent had been reduced, Britain would not 
have been long free." (Backus's History of the 
Baptists, vol. ii. p. 198. Newton.) Dr. Rippon and 
John Ryland were two of the leading Baptist min- 
isters in England ; and there is no doubt that the 
spirit of our brethren in England was in harmony 
with these noble utterances, with a few insignifi- 
cant exceptions. 

Eevolution, The, and Rhode Island Bap- 
tists, — Before the Revolution Rhode Island was 
the freest colony in North America, or in the his- 
tory of our race. Her founders had made her a real 
republic while under the nominal rule of a king, a 
government with which there could be no legal in- 
terference by any power either in the Old World 
or in the New. Before the Revolution Rhode 
Island had no viceroy, and the king had no veto on 
her laws. In 1704, Mompresson, chief justice of 
New York, wrote Lord Nottingham that "when 
he was in Rhode Island the people acted in all 
things as if they were outside the dominion of the 
crown." (Sabine's American Loyalists, p. 15. 
Boston, 1847.) Bancroft justly speaks of Rhode 
Island at the Revolution " as enjoying a foi-m of 
government, under its charter, so thoroughly re- 
publican, that no change was required beyond a 
renunciation of the king's name in the style of its 
public acts." (History of the United States, ix. 
26L) As Arnold says, Rhode Island, when the 
United States Constitution was adopted, " for more 
than a century and a half had enjoyed a freedom 
unknown to any of her compeers." (History of 
Rhode Island, ii. 563.) In the Revolution the 



little colony had everything to lose by its failure, 
and nothing in liberty to gain by a successful 
revolution. 

And yet the colony of Roger Williams was the 
most enthusiastic friend of the Revolution on this 
side of the Atlantic. On May 4, 1776, Rhode Island 
withdrew from the sceptre of Great Britain ; this 
was two months before the adoption of the Decla- 
ration of Independence. Scarcely had the retreat- 
ing troops of Gen. Gage reached Boston when 
recruits from the nearest Rhode Island towns 
marched to the Massachusetts patriots who fought 
at Lexington and Concord ; and the Legislature 
soon after voted fifteen hundred men, to be sent to 
the scene of danger. When the Declaration of In- 
dependence was read in Providence, Newport, and 
East Greenwich, it called forth outbursts of de- 
light and shouts for "liberty o'er and o'er the 
globe." A British historian says, " The Rhode 
Islanders were such ardent patriots that after the 
capture of Rhode Island by Sir Peter Parker, it 
required a great body of men to be kept there, in 
perfect idleness for three years, to retain them in 
subjection." (Hume, Smollett, and Farr, iii. 99. 
London.) Gov. Green, in a dispatch to Washing- 
ton in 1781, reports that ^'■sometimes every fencible 
man in the State, sometimes a third, and at other 
times a fourth part was called out upon duty." 
(Collections of the Rhode Island Historical Society, 
vi. 290.) 

With scarcely fifty thousand people of all ages 
and of both sexes the little State supported three 
regiments in the Continental army throughout the 
entire war, an immense number for her when we 
remember the demands for local defense. Rhode 
Island began the war early by declaring her inde- 
pendence thirty-two days before the brave Virgin- 
ians renounced allegiance to George III., and she 
continued inflicting her heaviest blows until the 
United States were free from the yoke of Great 
Britain. 

We have special pleasure in Rhode Island pa- 
triotism, because, while noble men of other denom- 
inations honored that State in the Revolutionary 
war, the ruling portion of the people were Baptists. 
Morgan Edwards, who died in 1795, whose state- 
ment cannot be questioned, says, " The Baptists 
have always been more than any other sect of 
Christians in Rhode Island ; two-fifths of the in- 
habitants at least are reputed Baptists. The gov- 
ernors, deputy governors, judges, assemblymen, 
and officers, civil and military, are chiefly of that 
persuasion." (Collections by the Rhode Island 
Historical Society, vi. 304.) The spirit of liberty 
ruled the Baptist founders of Rhode Island, and in 
the Revolution held supreme sway over her Bap- 
tist people, who controlled the destinies of the 
State, and never did a people make greater sacri- 



REVOLUTION 



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REYNOLDS 



fices or more heroic efiforts for liberty. (See articles 
on Virginia Baptists and the Revolution, and 
Baptists in the Revolution.) 

Revolution, The, and the Virginia Baptists. 

— The Baptist General Association of Virginia no- 
tified the Convention of the People of Virginia, 
" That they had considered what part it would be 
proper to take in the unhappy contest, and had 
determined that they ought to make a military re- 
sistance to Great Britain in her unjust invasion, 
tyrannical oppression, and repeated hostilities." 
(Headley's Chaplains and Clergy of the Revolu- 
tion, p. 250. New York, 1864.) And they pro- 
claimed to the world that " to a man they were 
in favor of the Revolution." (Semple, p. 62.) 
Preachers and people, Semple declares, were en- 
grossed with thoughts and schemes for effecting 
the Revolution. Howison, in his " History of Vir- 
ginia," ii. 170, says, " No class of the people of 
America were more devoted advocates of the prin- 
ciples of the Revolution, none were more willing to 
give their money and goods to their country, none 
more prompt to march to the field of battle, and 
none more heroic in actual conflict than the Bap- 
tists of Virginia." 

Had it not been for the Baptists of Virginia it is 
probable that the "mother of Presidents" would 
liave sided with Great Britain in the Revolutionary 
war. The leading men of the Old Dominion were 
the descendants of English aristocratic families, 
whose guiding principle for centuries was loyalty 
to the king. They were rigid Episcopalians, and 
so were the sovereign of England and the majority of 
his influential subjects in his home kingdom. The 
rectors of Virginia were native Englishmen, and 
bitter Tories, many of whom were specially accept- 
able to gay young Vii-ginians, because they fre- 
quented the race-course, betted at cards, and rat- 
tled dice like experts. One of them was president 
of a jockey club, and another fought a duel. These 
men present a perfect contrast to their successors 
in the Episcopal Church of the Old Dominion in 
our day. Virginia proclaimed Charles II. before 
he was king in England. (Howe's Virginia Histori- 
cal Collections, p. 133. Charleston, 1846.) When 
Patrick Henry introduced his five celebrated reso- 
lutions into the Virginia Assembly, in 1765, in 
connection with the Stamp Act, the men of influ- 
ence in that body were opposed to his movement, 
and intended to submit to that iniquitous measure. 
(Campbell's History of Virginia, p. 541. Phila- 
delphia.) Henry's fifth resolution, which recog- 
nized the great doctrine that their Legislature alone 
could tax its inhabitants, was carried by but a sin- 
gle vote; and yet this principle was the mainspring 
of the American Revolution. " Speaker Robin- 
son," says Campbell, " Peyton Randolph, Richard 
Bland, Edmund Pendleton, George Wythe, and all 



the leaders of the House and proprietors of large 
estates, made a strenuous resistance." (History of 
Virginia, pp. 541-42.) Jefi"erson says, " The Reso- 
lutions of Henry were opposed by Robinson and 
all the cyphers of the aristocracy." It was in ad- 
vocacy of these resolutions that Henry used the 
words, ''Tarquin and Caesar had each his Brutus, 

Charles I. his Cromwell, and George III. " 

"Treason!" shouted the Speaker; "Treason, trea- 
son!" was echoed around the house; while Henry, 
fixing his eyes on the Speaker, continued, without 
faltering, " may profit by their example." (Ban- 
croft, V. 277.) The next day the men who voted 
for the fifth resolution, alarmed by their own manly 
patriotism, actually had it expunged from the jour- 
nals of the House. (Howison's History of Virginia, 
ii. 52. Richmond, 1848.) Eleven years later Vir- 
ginia withdrew from the British crown on the 
ground which she took, by a majority of one, in 
1765, and from which she shamefully withdrew 
the next day. What made the great change in 
Virginia? 

" In 1774," says Howison, " the Baptists increased 
on every side. If one preacher was imprisoned, ten 
arose to take his place ; if one congregation was dis- 
persed, a larger assembled on the next opportunity. 
The influence of the denomination was strong among 
the common people." (History of Virginia, ii. 170.) 
At the Revolution, Jefferson tells us that in Vir- 
ginia two-thirds of the people were dissenters. 
(Jefferson on the State of Virginia, p. 169. Rich- 
mond.) These were chiefly Baptists. A small 
portion of them were Presbyterians, of Scotch- 
Irish ancestry, brave men of eminent worth. But 
the Baptists were sweeping Virginia with a heav- 
enly whirlwind, and their love of liberty and de- 
nominational success brought Virginia into the 
ranks of the Revolution. Under God our honored 
brethren were instrumental in placing the grand 
Old Dominion on the ground which her aristocratic 
rulers would never have selected fur themselves. 
Without them Patrick Henry and Thomas Jeffer-' 
son would have expended their eloquence and 
statesmanship in vain. And as Massachusetts and 
Virginia were the two principal sources of Revolu- 
tionary regiments, it is extremely probable that the 
liberty and triumphs of the Revolution, as far as 
we are indebted to Virginia for them, sprang 
chiefly, under God, from the extraordinary in- 
crease of the freedom-loving Baptists in the Old 
Dominion just before the great struggle. (See 
articles on Baptists in the Revolution, and 
Rhode Island Baptists and the Revolution.) 

Reynolds, J. L., D.D., a native of Charleston, 
S. C, was born on the 17th of March, 1812. He 
graduated with the first honor at Charleston Col- 
lege, and from it went to Newton Theological 
Seminary, where he took the full course. His first 



REYNOLDS 



976 



RHEES 



pastorate was in Columbia, S. C. Thence he was 
called to the presidency of Georgetown College, Ky. 
After a successful service in that position, he be- 
came pastor of the Second Baptist church in Rich- 
mond, Va. He was called from Richmond to the 
professorship of Latin in the Soutli Carolina College 
in the palmiest days of that renowned institution. 
'■ For nearly twenty-five years the handsome, in- 
tellectual face and courtly manners of Dr. Reynolds 
were familiar in those classic halls, and hundreds 
of young men who read these lines will have tender 
memories revived of the genial and elegant Latin 
professor of their college days." lie was at length, 
at his own request, transferred to the chair of Moral 
Philosophy. After the war political changes dis- 
missed him and the entire faculty of the college. 
In 1874 he became Professor of Latin in Furman 
University, from which position he was called to 
'' come up higher" on the 19th of December, 1877. 

He was one of the most genial and delightful of 
companions. As a classical scholar, the Baptist 
ministry of South Carolina has not had his superior, 
if, indeed, his equal. As a preacher he was always 
instructive, and at times overwhelmingly eloquent 
and pathetic. The great gulf which he left has 
not yet been filled. His wife, a fit helpmeet in 
talent and accomplishments, survived him but a 
short time, so that it might almost be said " in death 
they were not divided." 

Reynolds, Rev. P. B., was born in Patrick Co., 
Va., Jan. 9, 1841. At the age of seventeen he 
began to teach a few months in each year ; entered 
the Confederate army in 1861, and was a private 
soldier until the close of the war ; Avas captured in 
the Valley of Virginia in 1864, and spent the fol- 
lowing winter as a prisoner at Point Lookout ; was 
converted in the woods on the Rapidan River, in 
Virginia, while in the army, in November, 1863, 
and was baptized in May, 1865. He was licensed 
to preach in June, 1865; ordained in May, 1868. 
After preaching a short time in his native county he 
entered Richmond College in 1866, and remained 
until 1872. In 1872 he took charge of Coalsmouth 
High School, now Shelton College, of which he is 
now (1880) the president. Shelton is the principal 
Baptist college of the State, and Prof. Reynolds is 
striving to build it up. He has sacrificed much 
time and money, and has every prospect of success. 
lie is a fine scholar, a most excellent preacher and 
pastor, an untiring woi-ker, and capable of filling 
almost any position of usefulness. He is president 
of the West Virginia Baptist Educational Society. 

Reynolds, Maj. Walker, was bom in Columbia 
Co., Ga., Aug. 28, 1799 ; settled in Talladega Co., 
Ala., in 1833, where he accumulated a large for- 
tune ; was worth several hundred thousand dollars 
at the breaking out of the late war, and after 
the war was still quite wealthy. Maj. Reynolds 



was eminently a public-spirited man ; contributed 
liberally to denominational enterprises, and in- 
vested largely in secular corporations. The Selma, 
Rome and Dalton Railroad owes more to him for 
its existence than to any other person. He was a 
wise man, an extensive planter, and a good church 
member. One of the last acts of his life was to 
give $1000 to the building of a new house of wor- 
ship for his church at Alpine. He was twice mar- 
ried, and reared a most interesting family. He 
died at his home in January, 1871. 

Rhees, Rev. Morgan John, Sr., was born in 

Wales, Sept. 8, 1760. He was converted in early 
life, and educated at Bristol College for the min- 
istry. He was a pastor in Wales for soine time, 
but concluded to lead a little colony of his country- 
men to America in 1794. Dr. Rogers, pastor of 
the First Baptist church of Philadelphia, gave him 
a cordial welcome on his arrival, and soon his elo- 
quence gathered throngs wherever it was known 
that he would preach. He traveled extensively 
through the Southern and Western States pro- 
claiming the blessed gospel, and gathering converts 
into the kingdom. In connection with Dr. Ben- 
jamin Rush he bought a large tract of land in 
Pennsylvania, which he called Cambria, after his 
native Wales. In 1798 he took his own family 
and a company of his countrymen to the new settle- 
ment. He located at Beulah, and became pastor 
of the church formed there. He subsequently re- 
moved to Somerset, in the county of that name, 
where he died Sept. 17, 1804. He was married to 
a daughter of Col. Benjamin Loxley, a distinguished 
officer of the Revolution ; and he was the father- 
in-law of Dr. Nicholas Mui-ray (Kirwan), of Eliza- 
beth, N. J., and Dr. Benjamin Rush was his special 
friend. 

Rhees, Morgan John, Jr., D.D., was born 

at Somerset, Pa., Oct. 25, 1802. On reaching 
twenty-one he studied law under the celebrated 
David Paul Brown, of Philadelphia, and after being 
called to the bar he soon secured a respectable stand- 
ing in his profession. In 1827 the Saviour found 
him, and " chosen of him ere time began, he chose 
him in return," and was baptized into the fellow- 
ship of the First Baptist church of Philadelphia. 
He was ordained in September, 1829. His first 
fields of labor were Bordentown and Trenton. 
While in New Jersey he assisted in the formation 
of the State Convention for missions, and was its 
secretary from its organization until he left the 
State. In 1840 he accepted the invitation of its 
board to become corresponding secretary of the 
Baptist Publication Society. In February, 1843, 
he took charge of the Second Baptist church of 
Wilmington, Del. ; of this church he retained the 
oversight for seven years, during which he baptized 
nearly 300 persons. In 1850 he became pastor of 



RHODE ISLAND 



RHODE ISLAND 



the First church of Williamsburg, N. Y., where he 
died Jan. 15, 1853. He received the degree of 
Doctor of Divinity from the University of Rochester 
in 1852. 

Dr. Rhees was greatly blessed in every pastorate, 
and he rendered valuable services to the Publi- 
cation Society. His calls to churches seeking the 
best gifts were numerous. He had a fine intellect, 
tlie polish of a gentleman, the courage of a brave 
man, the piety of a saint, and the tenderness of a 
woman. He was loved by many hundreds while 
he lived, and his memory is still revered by the 
churches for which he labored, and by many ad- 
miring friends. 

Rhode Island Baptists.— To most Baptists the 
evidence is conclusive that the First Baptist church 
of Providence, formed in 1639, is the oldest Bap- 
tist church in Rhode Island, and the first church 
of our denomination in America. Roger Williams 
was baptized by Ezekiel Holliman in March, 1638-9, 
and about that time the First church of Providence 
was founded. Soon after the origin of this church, 
as Baptists generally believe, the First church of 
Newport was organized. John Clarke, M.D., came 
from England in 1637, and not long after, taking 
up his residence in Newport, he became the public 
instructor of a congregation out of which, in 1644, 
according to tradition, a church was formed " on 
the scheme and principles of the Baptists.'' (For 
the arguments favoring 1638 as the time when this 
church was founded, see article on The First 
Church of Newport, R. I.) Rev. Dr. Henry 
Jackson says of this church, "It occupied a high 
rank in the community, and drew members from 
towns remote." 

The second church in Newport was established 
in 1656. These three communities comprised all 
the regular Baptist churches in Rhode Island for 
many years. The next in age are the churches in 
Richmond, Warwick, and East Greenwich, consti- 
tuted in 1743, Exeter in 1750, Warren in 1764, and 
Shoreham in 1780. Rhode Island is everywhere 
permeated by Baptist principles, and churches of 
the denomination are found in all parts of the 
State. The rights of conscience are everywhere 
respected, and protected by public opinion and 
legislative enactments. 

There are three Associations of Baptist churches 
in Rhode Island, the oldest being the Warren, 
formed in 1767 ; the next in the order of time is 
the Providence, formed in 1843 ; and the third the 
Narragansett, formed in 1859. The last report of 
the Warren Association, in 1880, gives 21 churches, 
24 ordained ministers, and 4036 members. In the 
Providence Association there are 15 churches, 21 
ordained ministers, and a membership of 2953. 
The Narragansett Association has 24 churches, 20 
ordained ministers, and a membership of 3850. 



There are 60 churches, with 10,839 members, in 
Rhode Island. The Rhode Island Baptist State 
Convention was made a corporate body by an act 
of the General Assembly, passed in October, 1826, 
and is authorized to hold in trust an amount not 
exceeding §300,000. The Convention gave to feeble 
churches in the State nearly §2500 during the year. 
The Rhode Island Baptists contributed funds for 
the education of ministers from 1792 ; the plan for 
starting a society for this purpose originated with 
President Manning, and two months after his 
decease it was submitted to the Warren Associa- 
tion by Rev. Dr. Stillman, of Boston. Up to 
1816 the concerns of ministerial education formed 
a part of the regular business of the Association. 
In that year a separate education society was 
formed, at which time there was placed in the 
treasury, in the form of bank stock, the sum of 
$1800, from which amount various sums have 
been withdrawn, until there now remiiiiis $1350. 
Some of the most distinguished Baptist ministers 
in the country have been among the nearly 150 
beneficiaries who have been aided by this society. 
The Baptists of Rhode Island legally proclaimed 
absolute religious liberty for men of all creeds when 
no government in the world but the one which they 
controlled pretended to confer such a boon, or re- 
garded it as either wise or just to give it. Roger 
Williams, in his " Bloudy Tenent," defended this 
doctrine of his Baptist fathers in the faith with a 
power which no mind governed by intelligence 
could permanently resist, and finally that doctrine 
swept from the statute books of American perse- 
cuting States every intolerant enactment. The 
freedom of conscience demanded by Roger Wil- 
liams has effected a greater change in the relations 
between Church and State on this continent than 
the Declaration of Independence, the armies of the 
Revolution, and the Constitution of the United 
States have made in the secular liberties of this 
great republic. A moral cable, stretching from 
the Teacher of Nazareth, in Palestine, across the 
ages, the countries, and the oceans, kept in order 
by our Baptist fathers of all preceding Christian 
time, to whom it communicated its blessed news, 
landed at Providence, R. I., in 1636. Roger Wil- 
liams received and put in circulation its divine dis- 
patches, and by the authority of the King Eternal, 
immortal and invisible, demanded liberty for all 
men to pay their devotions to Deity, without State 
laws commanding or prohibiting religious wor- 
ship. All Rhode Island received and obeyed the 
divine message coming through this glorious cable. 
Baptists everywhere respected it, and now our whole 
country has yielded obedience to the heavenly teach- 
ing. And, as Rhode Island was the American 
landing-place of this blessed cable, and her Baptist 
people the interpreters and propagators of its pre- 



RHODES 



978 



RICE 



cious communications, we would honor them as the 
best friends of Amei'ican liberty and of the uni- 
versal rights of men. (For further information 
about Rhode Island, see articles on First Baptist 
Church of Providence, First Church of New- 
port, The Warren Baptist Church, Rhode 
Island and the American Revolution, James 
Manning, D.D., Brown University, and The 
Brown Family, of Providence.) 

Rhodes, Rev. Christopher, was born May 20, 
1821. His parents were James E. and Mary A. 
Rhodes. At the date of liis birth they were mem- 
bers of the First church. Providence, R. I: His an- 
cestors had been in the State from its earliest settle- 
ment. He was baptized in February, 1839, and 
united with the Third church. After pursuing a 
collegiate course until 1843, he was licensed to 
preach, and at once commenced a series of revival 
services, assisting churches in Rhode Island and 
Massachusetts. His first charge was the church in 
Allendale, near Providence. He assisted in organ- 
izing this church, and was ordained its first pastor 
in May, 1850. The subsequent pastorates of Mr. 
Rhodes have been Phoenix church, Warwick, 
R. I., 1855-61 ; Stewart Street church, Provi- 
dence, 1861-64; First church. South Kingston, 
1864-66; Stanton Street, N. Y., 1866-74; Central 
church, Williamsburg, 1874 to present date. Dur- 
ing these years he has devoted himself almost ex- 
clusively to pastoral work, and he has i-eceived 
many evidences of the divine blessing. Through 
his preaching converts have been added to the 
churches, and he has had great success in building 
up weak interests and relieving them from financial 
embarrassment. Mr. Rhodes is a strong man men- 
tally and physically, and one whose counsel is 
held in high esteem by ministers and churches. 

Rhodes, Gen. Elisha Hunt, son of Capt. Elisha 
H. and Eliza (Chase) Rhodes, was born in Paw- 
tuxet, R. I., March 21, 1842; had an academical 
education ; entered the Union army as a corporal 
in June, 1861 ; was with his regiment in most of 
the great battles in Virginia ; rose to be the col- 
onel of the 2d R. I. Inf. Regiment; brevetted brig- 
adier-general for gallant conduct; since the war 
has filled some of the highest ofiices in the Grand 
Army of the Republic ; is collector of United States 
revenue for the district of Rhode Island ; brigadier- 
general of the militia force of Rhode Island ; a mem- 
ber of the Central Baptist church in Providence, 
R. I. ; a man of talent and sterling wortli. 

Rice, Rev. Francis, was born in Logansport, 
Ind., Nov. 27, 1853. His family came to Kansas 
in the year 1858, settling. at Oskaloosa, Jefferson 
Co. In 1865 they removed to Topeka, where he 
received his education. He passed through the 
regular classic course at Washburn College. He 
also took a business course in a commercial college 



in the same city, employing for this purpose his 
summer vacations. He was baptized, and united 
with the First Baptist church of Topeka in Jan- 
uary, 1870. He had experienced conversion several 
years before, when about the age of eleven. He 
l)ecame interested in the Sunday-school, and did 
what he could in the Master's cause, but had no 
serious thought of entering the ministry until 
January, 1877, when he received an invitation to 
visit the church at Valley Falls, and he was or- 
dained their pastor May 16, 1877. His ministry has 
been attended by good results. He has been for sev- 
eral years clerk of the Missouri River Association. 
Rice, Rev. John, was born in Virginia in 1759. 
He removed to Kentucky ; was baptized and brought 
into the ministry at Gilbert's Creek church, in Gar- 
rard Co., Ky. He was a constituent of Shawnee 
Run, for a long time the largest church south of 
the Kentucky River. Of this church, in Mercer 
County, he was pastor from its organization, in 
1788, till his death, March 19, 1843. He was emi- 
nent among the pioneers of Kentucky, and greatly 
beloved for his piety, faith, and usefulness. 




GEN. ELISHA HUNT RHODES. 

Rice, Rev. Luther, vs'as born in Northboi-ough, 
Worcester Co., Mass., March 25, 1783. His parents 
were members of the Congregational Church, his 
mother being a woman of remarkable intellectual 
vigor. He attended the public schools of the neigh- 
l)orhood, and was apt in acquiring knowledge. 
While still a mere youth, the wonderful self-re- 
liance, for which he was always distinguished, dis- 
played itself; for, at the age of sixteen, he entered 



RICE 



979' 



RICE 



into a contract to visit the State of Georgia to assist 
in obtaining timbei- for ship-building, without con- 
sulting his parents, and was absent six months. 
Soon after this he became greatly concerned about 
his soul, and suffered the acutest mental agony for 
many months. At the age of nineteen, in jMarcli 
of 1802, he united with the church at North- 
borough, lie was from the beginning a most con- 
sistent and active Christian worker. He infused a 
new and higher type of piety into his own family 
and the church, and made it a special duty to con- 
verse frequently with the impenitent. lie was 
from the start of his Christian career deeply in- 
terested in missions and missionary publications. 
During all this time he was laboring upon his 
father's farm. His mind was now directed to the 
Christian ministry, and he resolved to secure a col- 
legiate and theological education. He spent three 
years at Leicester Academy, and paid his expenses 
by teaching school during the vacations and giving 
lessons in singing at night. lie made such rapid 
progress at the academy that he was able to com- 
plete his collegiate course in three years, having 
entered Williams College, Mass., in October of 
1807. While in college he became deeply inter- 
ested in missions, and be infused the same enthu- 
siasm into the minds of his friends, Mills and 
Richards. In a letter, written March 18, 1811, he 
says, "I have deliberately made up my mind to 
preach the gospel to the heathen." A society of 
inquiry on the subject of missions was formed 
through his instrumentality, and about the same 
time a branch society at Andover Seminary, where 
Judson and his friends caught the new awakening. 
They must preach the gospel to the pagan nations. 
Judson, Nott, Mills, Newell, Richards, and Rice 
prepared a memorial to the General Association 
of all the evangelical ministers of Massachusetts. 
convened at Bradford in 1810, urging the pressing 
claims of the heathen, and asking an appointment 
in the East. The names of Richards and Rice were 
omitted from the memorial at its presentation, the 
number being so large. The result of these efforts 
was the formation of the American Board of Com- 
missioners for Foreign Missions; and, later, the 
Baptist General Convention of 1814, the American 
Bible Society, the American Tract Society, the 
Baptist General Tract Society, the Columbian Col- 
lege, the Newton Theological Seminary, and other 
kindred organizations. -Judson. Nott, Mills, and 
Newell were appointed by the board as mission- 
aries, Rice and Richards being omitted. But Rice 
bad set his heart upon going, and he was permitted 
to do so upon the condition that he would himself 
raise the money necessary for his outfit and his 
passage, which he did Avithin a few days. Having 
been previously licensed, he, with his companions, 
was ordained at the Tabernacle church, Salem, 



Mass., Feb. 6, 1812, and sailed from Philadelphia, 
February 18, in the packet " Harmony," destined 
for India. Dr. Judson and wife, who had sailed 
from Salem, having changed their minds on the 
subject of baptism, were baptized by Dr. Carey 
soon after their arrival at Calcutta ; and Mr. Rice, 
having also been led, after a thorough investiga- 
tion, to change his views on the same subject, was 
also baptized, on Nov. 1, 1812, by Mr. Ward, a few 
weeks after Mr. and Mrs. Judson. Owing to the 
continued and bitter opposition of the English au- 
thorities in India, Mr. Rice concluded to sail for 
the Isle of France, and thence to the United States, 
to adjust his relations with the Congregational 
board, to enlist the Baptist churches in the cause 
of missions, and to recruit his health. He arrived 
at New York, Sept. 7, 1813 ; went immediately to 
Boston, and communicated with the board, who, 
however, received him with much coldness, and, 
rather rudely, dissolved his relations with them- 
selves. Mr. Rice now completely identified him- 
self with the Baptists. At a consultation, in Bos- 
ton, it was determined to appoint him an agent to 
visit all parts of the country, and enlist churches 
and individuals in the cause. He journej'ed through- 
out the entire length of the country, and met with 
the most encouraging success. Delegates were ap- 
pointed from all parts of the land to meet for con- 
ference, and on the 18th of May, 1814, a large 
number assembled at Philadelphia, Dr. Richard 
Furman presiding. After several days' deliberation 
the General Convention of the Baptist Denomina- 
tion in the United States for Foreign Missions was 
formed, that organization which has accomplished 
so much in heathen lands for the glory of God and 
the good of men. On his Southern tour Mr. Rice 
collected about S1300, made arrangements for fu- 
ture contributions, and organized about twentj- mis- 
sionary societies, and throughout the country about 
seventy societies. At the meeting of the Triennial 
Convention in Philadelphia, in 1817, he reported 
that he had traveled, during a very short time, 7800 
miles, collected nearly S3700, and aroused a warm 
interest in missions everywhere. These journeys 
were " through wildernesses and over rivers, across 
mountains and valleys, in heat and cold, by day 
and by night, in weariness and painfulness, and 
fastings and loneliness." 

To Mr. Rice, more than to any other man, is due 
the awakened regard in ministerial education. 
He was deeply interested in the school opened in 
Philadelphia, under Staughton and Chase, for the 
instruction of young men for the ministry. Eigh- 
teen were in course of preparation there. He 
urged the founding of a college at Washington, 
D. C, and through his efforts forty-six and a half 
acres were purchased adjacent to the city of Wash- 
ington, and a building capable of accommodating 



RICE 



RICHARDS 



eighty students was begun. The Convention took 
the new institution under its supervision, and in 
the report made to the Convention in 1821, there 
was set forth a most gratifying statement of the 
prog,ress of the college. Mr. Rice was appointed 
its agent and treasurer. About this time he origi- 
nated the Columbian Star, published at Washing- 
ton. Still serving as missionary agent, his addi- 
tional labors as agent for the college were over- 
whelming. DiflBculties arose ; the expenses of the 
college were not met ; and Mr. Rice was prostrated 
by sickness arising out of his terrible anxieties. 
The college seemed threatened with ruin in its 
very inception. A warm discussion arose in the 
Convention which met in 1826, and it was deter- 
mined then to separate the educational movement 
from the missionary operations. Other financial 
agents were appointed by the college, but Mr. Rice 
still collected money for its funds, and labored 
earnestly with an unshaken faith in its final suc- 
cess ; and before he died he had the pleasure of 
seeing his wishes partially fulfilled. Mr. Rice sac- 
rificed his life for the welfare of the institution 
which he originated, and which he loved so well. 
During a collecting tour through the South he was 
taken seriously ill, and soon after died at the house 
of his friend. Dr. Mays, Sept. 25, 1836. He was 
buried at Point Pleasant church, Edgefield District, 
S. C. The following is the memorial inscription on 
the marble slab erected by the Baptist Convention 
of the State of South Carolina, written by men who 
knew him well and loved him dearly for his self- 
denying labors in the cause of Christian missions 
and ministerial education : 



Born 

March 25th, 
A.D. 1783. 



Beneath this marble 

Are deposited the remains of 

Elder Luther Rice, 



Died 
Sepf r 26th, 
A.D. 1836. 



A minister of Christ, of the Baptist Denomination. 

He was a native of Northboro', Massachusetts, 

And departed this life in Edgefield District, S. C. 

In the death of this distinguished servant of the Lord, " is a great 

man fallen in Israel." 



Than he. 



Perhaps no American has done I 
more for the great Missionary 
Enterpi'ise. [ 

It is thought the first Ameri- 
can Foreign Mission, on which 
he went to India, associated 
with Judson and others, origi- 
nated with iiim. 

And if the Burmans have j 
cause of gratitude towards Jud- 
son, for a faithful version of 
God's Word, so they will thro' 
generations to come "arise up 
and call Rice blessed ;" for it 
was his eloquent appeals for 
the Heathen, on his return to 
America, which raised our Bap- 
tist churches to adopt the Bur- 
man Mission and sustain Jud- 
son in bis arduous toils. 



No Baptist has done more for 
the cause of education. He 
founded the "Columbian Col- 
lege, in the District of Colum- 
bia," which he benevolently in- 
tended, by its central position, 
to diffuse knowledge, both liter- 
ary and religious, through these 
United States. And if for want 
of deserved patronage that un- 
fortunate Institution, which 
was the special subject of his 
pi-ayers and toils for the last 
fifteen- years of his life, fail to 
fulfil the high purpose of its 
founder, yet the spirit of edu- 
cation awakened by his labors 
shall accomplish his noble 
aim. 



Luther Rice, 

With a portly person and commanding presence, 

Combined a strong and brilliant intellect. 

As a theologian he was orthodox ; 

A scholar, his education was liberal. 

He was an eloquent and powerful preacher ; 

A self-denying and indefatigable philanthropist. 

His frailties with his dust are entombed; 
And upon the walls of Zion his virtues engraven. 

By order of the Baptist Convention for the State of South Carolina, 

This monument is erected 

To His Memory. 

His love for the Columbian College is seen in his 
dying request, — " Send my sulky, and horse, and 
baggage to Brother Brooks, with directions to send 
them to Brother Sherwood, and say that all belong to 
the college." 

As a preacher, Mr. Rice was rarely excelled. He 
was dignified in appearance, and unusually attrac- 
tive in his style. His sermons were char.acteristic- 
ally doctrinal, and weighty in fundamental truths. 
He was eminently gifted also in prayer. He wrote 
a work on Baptism, which, however, was not pub- 
lished. He was elected in 1815 to the presidency 
of Transylvania University, at Lexington, Ky., and 
also to that of Georgetown College, Ky., both of 
which he declined, as the two great objects of his 
life — missions and ministerial education — absorbed 
all the energies of his soul and body. 

Rice, Eev. Thomas Moor, a distinguished 
preacher and educator, was born in Jessamine Co., 
Ky., Dec. 7, 1792. He was a soldier in the war 
of 1812-15, and soon after its close united with the 
Methodist Church, and became a circuit preacher. 
After a few years he was compelled to desist from 
regular preaching on account of physical disability. 
Mr. Rice was a linguist and mathematiciaUj and 
adopted the profession of a teacher, and became 
very successful. In 1838 he was elected to the 
chair of Mathematics in Georgetown College, but 
declined the position, and remained the teacher of 
a private school. He continued to exercise his 
gifts as a local preacher among the Methodists, 
and engaged in several public debates on religious 
doctrines, one of which was with President Fan- 
ning, a distinguished Campbellite preacher of Ten- 
nessee. About 1839 he decided to preach an argu- 
mentative sermon on the "mode of baptism." In 
his preparation he became convinced that immersion 
alone was Scriptural baptism, and soon afterwards 
united with the Baptist church at Pleasant Grove, 
Ky., and was ordained to the ministry. He served 
two Baptist churches until his death, which oc- 
curred Oct. 3, 1842. 

Richards, Rev. Humphrey, was born in Row- 
ley, Mass., Sept. 17, 1818. Having completed his 
preparatory studies, he entered Brown University 
in 1833. While in college he became a Christian. 
Ill health obliged him to abridge his course of 
study. It was a sad disappointment to him to be 



*RICHARDS 



RICHARDS 



compelled to renounce his long cherished hopes 
and give up the plans of years ; for he was a good 
scholar, and was distinguished in his class. Having 
spent a year at the Suffield Literary Institution, 
Conn., he entered upon a course of theological study 
at Hamilton, N. Y., which he completed in 1842. 
He was ordained pastor of the First Baptist 
church, Springfield, Mass., May 10, 1843, where 
he remained three years. He became pastor 
of the First Baptist church in Dorchester, Mass., 
in the summer of 1846. This relation he sustained 
to the people, who were warmly attached to him, 
for eight years. Long continued application to his 
ministerial and pastoral work told at last on a con- 
stitution never strong, and he declined rapidly, and 
passed away Sept. 4, 1854. His ministry was fruit- 
ful for good, especially in building up his church 
in knowledge and in the graces of the Christian 
character. 

Kichards, Rev. James, was born Jan. 28, 1804, 
at Llanddarog, Carmarthenshire, Wales. He began 
preaching about the year 1819. He received his 
theological training at Horton, now Rawdon, Col- 
lege, under the presidency of Dr. Steadman. He 
had not been long in the ministry before his repu- 
tation as a preacher of the first rank was estab- 
lished. His style was exceedingly ornate. AVith 
a weak voice and quiet manner, he was nevertheless 
thrillingly eloquent. A volume of his sermons has 
recently been published, which amply sustains the 
reputation which he enjoyed. His principal pastor- 
ates during a long and useful life were Fishguard, 
Pembrokeshire, and Pontyprydd, Monmouthshire. 
He departed this life Sept. 22, 1867. 

Richards, Rev. William, LL.D., was born in 
South Wales in 1749, and educated at Bristol Col- 
lege. He became pastor of the Baptist church in 
Lynn, England, in 1776, where he spent the rest of 
his life, though only about half the time as pastor 
of the church. He died in 1818. 

Dr. Richards was deeply learned in English and 
Welsh history, and in other departments of litera- 
ture. His talents and culture were of eminent 
importance to his brethren in the British Islands 
in defending their principles against Pedobaptist 
assailants. He sympathized with our Revolution- 
ary fathers so strongly that he expressed a pref- 
erence for the union of Wales (his country) with 
the United States rather than with the British em- 
pire. He was the author of several works of great 
value. 

Brown University conferred upon him the degree 
of LL.D. In accordance with a purpose which he 
formed more than a quarter of a century before his 
death, he left his library of 1300 volumes to Brown 
University. This treasure enriches our oldest col- 
lege to this day. 

Richards, William C, A.M., Ph.D., was born 



Nov. 24, 1818, in London, England. His father 
came to this country in 1831, and settled in Hud- 
son, N. Y., as pastor of the Baptist church. There 
the son joined the church in 1833, and in 1834 en- 
tered Hamilton Institution with a view to the min- 
istry, from which hewas graduated in 1840. In 1869 
Madison University conferred upon him its first 
degree of Doctor of Philosophy, upon the occasion 
of his delivering the semi-centennial poem. After 
his graduation he went South, and was for ten 
years engaged in literary and scientific and edu- 
cational work in Georgia. 

In 1849 he transferred his literary efforts to 
Charleston, S. C, and became associated there with 
the Southern Quarterly Review. In 18.52 he re- 
turned to the Noi-th, with the understanding that 
he should at length enter the ministry. After two 
or three years of varied work he began to preach, 
and early in 1855 he went to Providence, R. I., as 
associate pastor of the First Baptist church. He 
was ordained in New York in July of that year. 
Resigning his position in October, he was pressed to 
accept the charge of a new interest to be immediately 
formed in the city, and for seven years was pastor 
of the Brown Street Baptist church. In 1862 his 
health failed. He then began his public lectures 
on physical science, which have sjnce engrossed 
the most of his time. From 1865 to the end of 
1868, however, he was pastor of the Baptist church 
in Pittsfield, Mass., and while residing in Berkshire 
was elected Professor of Chemistry in the Berk- 
shire Medical College, and filled the chair for two 
years. 

In 1876 he removed to Chicago, and was pastor 
there for a year, but he was constrained reluctantly 
to resume his scientific work. His literary labors 
have been varied and voluminous. In 1856 he 
prepared the memoir of Gov. Briggs, of Massachu- 
setts. He had previously published " Harry's Va- 
cation." a very successful book on every-day science 
for the young. His contributions to the leading 
magazines of prose and verse are numerous. He 
has printed several anniversary and college poems. 
His editorial labors have covered, at intervals, a 
period of forty years, and for four years past he 
has been connected with the Chicago Standard. 
In addition to his popular lectures — chiefly under 
the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Asso- 
ciation from the Atlantic to the Mississippi — he has 
preached twice nearly every Sabbath, and frequently 
at night, to large assemblies on religion and science. 

Richards, Zalmon, A.M., was born at Cum- 
mington, Mass., Aug. 11, 1811, and graduated at 
AVilliams College, in the same State, in 1836. 
Being interested in the cause of education, he has 
devoted much of his life to teaching. He was at 
one time principal of the Cummington Academy, 
Mass., of the Stillwater Academy, N. Y., and sub- 



RICHARDSON 



RICHMOND 



sequently of the preparatory school of the Colum- 
bian College. At present he is principal of the 
Eclectic Seminary, in AVashington City, D. C. 
Mr. Richards was the first president of the Na- 
tional Educational Association, and also of the 
Young Men's Christian Association of Washing- 
ton. He has contributed various articles to the 
American Journal of Education, and also to other 
periodicals. He has also filled various municipal 
offices, having been president of the common council 
and of the board of aldermen, auditor under the 
District government, and the first superintendent 
of public schools in Washington. He received the 
degree of A.M. in course from Williams College. 

Richardson, Rev. Horace, a native of New^ 
Hampshire, was born about 1820 •, gave himself 
to Christ, and was baptized in his youth. He 
graduated with honor at Dartmouth College in 
184], and from Newton in 1844, and was ordained 
at Keene, N. H., in 1845, where he was pastor one 
year. In 1846 he settled at West Acton, Mass., 
and remained pastor there seven years. In 1853 
he arrived in California, and spent twelve years in 
teaching and preaching at various places. In 1865 
he was appointed general distributing agent of the 
American Bible Society, and spent ten years in 
that service. He distributed personally over sixty 
tons of Bibles, preaching everywhere in the desti- 
tute regions, doing the work of an evangelist, and 
leading many to Christ. He died at Brooklyn, 
March 15, 1876. 

Richardson, Rev. J. B., was bom in Mont- 
gomery Co., N. C, June 16, 1839; was baptized 
by Dr. Wingate, at Wake Forest College, in 1857 ; 
graduated at Wake Forest College in 1862 ; was 
ordained at Litchville in 1862, his father. Rev. 
Noah Richardson, Rev. John Minsor, and Rev. 
B. G. Covington constituting the Presbytery ; was 
nearly four years corresponding secretary of the 
State Convention, and has been pastor of Greens- 
borough, High Point, and Catawba churches. Mr. 
Richardson is widely known and greatly beloved 
by his brethren. 

Richardson, Prof. John F., was born in Oneida 
Co., N. Y., in February, 1808 ; was a graduate of 
Madison University and its Professor of Latin for 
fifteen years. In 1850 he accepted the same chair 
in the University of Rochester, where he remained 
until his death, Feb. 11, 1868. He was the author 
of a work entitled " The True Roman Orthoepy," 
for which the Right Honorable AV. E. Gladstone, 
now Prime Minister of Great Britain, and one of 
the finest scholars in England, thanked him in an 
autograph letter. Prof. Richardson was eminently 
a learned man, of great refinement, and of superior 
qualifications for imparting instruction. 

Richardson, Rev. Noah, was born in Moore 
Co., N. C, June 30, 1804; was converted under 



the preaching of the celebrated Robert T. Daniel ; 
baptized by Elder Farthing, and ordained in 1827 
by Elders Swaim and Hymer. His father died 
when he was a child. His reading was extensive, 
and his talents superior. His control over an 
audience was sometimes wonderful, and many are 
the traditions of his extraordinary powers as a 
pulpit orator. He preached for forty-five years, 
and his great popularity is evidenced by the fact 
that for twenty-seven successive years he was 
elected to preach on Sunday at the sessions of his 
Association. 

Dr. James McDaniel, of Fayetteville, and Mr. 
Richardson wei'e devoted friends, and in delivering 
his funeral sermon. Dr. McDaniel said, " That in 
his prime Noah Richardson was the best preacher 
in North Carolina." 

He was especially eSective in revival meetings, 
and is said to have baptized thousands during the 
long course of his ministry. He died May 9, 1867. 
He left a son. Rev. J. B. Richardson, who was lor 
several years corresponding secretary of the Baptist 
State Convention. 

Richardson, Rev. Phineas, was bom in Me- 

thuen, Mass., Feb. 2, 1787. AVhen he was seven- 
teen years of age he was baptized by Rev. Joshua 
Bradley, and united with the church in London- 
derry, N. H. He longed to be able to preach the 
gospel, but many years passed before his wish was 
gratified. He studied for a time with Rev. Jere- 
miah Chaplin at Danvers, and was ordained at 
Methuen in November, 1817. His first pastorate 
was in Gilmanton, N. II., where he commenced his 
labors in March, 1818, and continued as the minis- 
ter of the church for eighteen years. After acting 
as a missionary for the Convention for two ye.ars, 
he was instrumental in gathering a church in Hol- 
lis, of which he was the pastor for eleven years. 
He was then pastor of the church in New Hamp- 
ton, N. II., for four years. The last two years of 
his life were passed in Lawrence, Mass., where lie 
died in January, I860. During his long ministry 
he was honored of God, as the instrument of doing 
a good work for the Master whom he delighted to 
serve. 

Richmond College. — Virginia Baptists, very 
soon after the war of independence, began to con- 
sider the question of founding a seminary of learn- 
ing. In 1778 a committee was appointed to further 
the scheme, and upon their recommendation, in 
1793, the General Committee of the Denomination, 
which had charge of the matter, appointed trustees 
to carry into efTect what had been proposed. For 
some cause, however, no practical solution of the 
question was found, and while from time to time 
the subject was agitated, still it was not until 1830 
that an earnest and successful efibrt was made to 
establish a school of high gr.ade, which should be 



RICHMOND 



RICHMOND 



under the control of Baptists, and which should be 
used directly to advance the interests of their spe- 
cial work in the State. The General Association 
met in Richmond in June, 1830, and it was wliile 
this body was in session that the friends of educa- 
tion met, and, after free discussion, organized the 
Virginia Baptist Education Society. The prime 
consideration which prompted the movement was 
the necessity felt on all sides by the churches for 
the improvement of their rising ministry. 

During the first and second years of the opera- 
tions of the society thirteen young men were re- 
ceived for instruction. These were placed in pri- 
vate schools. At the close of the second year it 
was found that the number of students would be 
considerably increased, and that the location of the 
school with permanent teachers was therefore ne- 
cessary. Accordingly, a farm was purchased, and 
the institution assumed the name of the 

VIRGINIA BAPTIST SEMINARY. 

The location of the seminary was about five 
miles from Richmond. It was opened on the 4th of 
July, 1832, under Rev. Robert Ryland. The scheme 
of student training combined jnanual with intellec- 
tual labor. An opportunity occurring soon after 
for securing a more eligible site for the seminary, 
in the most beautiful section of the western suburbs 
of Richmond, it was removed to the present loca- 
tion of the college. From this time, under the ju- 
dicious and efficient management of its principal, 
upon whom, from the inception of the enterprise, 
had devolved an unusual share of anxious solicitude 
and self-denying labor, the number of students, 
which before had been comparatively small, rap- 
idly increased. Of these, many have become 
widely influential and useful ministers of the gos- 
pel, some at home, others in foreign lands, while 
others still as teachers, members of the legal and 
medical professions, and men of business, have won 
an honorable reputation in their several vocations. 

RICHMOND COLLEGE. 

Desiring still further to enlarge the influence 
and usefulness of the institution, its founders ap- 
plied to the General Assembly of the State for a 
college charter, which, in 1840, they secured. Rev. 
Robert Ryland continued in the presidency under 
the new corporate organization. Efforts were made 
to secure a permanent endowment with consider- 
able success, and the college seemed to be placed 
upon a broad and firm foundation, with encour- 
aging prospects of an extended and enduring pros- 
perity. 

During the recent war the exercises of the insti- 
tution were suspended, and the greater part of its 
endowment fund lost. 

In 1866 the college was again opened. The 



alumni and other friends, sustained by the warm 
love and determined zeal of the denomination 
which had founded the institution in the past, ral- 
lied to the support of the trustees, and vigorous 
efibrts were made to raise the loved school from its 
prostrate condition and restore it to more than its 
former efficiency and usefulness. A good degree 
of success has rewarded these efforts. The gifts 
of a people suffering severely from a disastrous 
war have been freely and generously off"ered, and 
the college, with its present fair but still insufficient 




RICHMOND COLLEGE. 

equipment, is a nionument to the faith, love, and 
generosity of that noble brotherhood, the Virginia 
Baptists. 

In reorganizing the college in 1866 the trustees de- 
termined to remodel their former plans, and adopted 
the organic change which at present marks its suc- 
cessful scholastic career. The plan is that of inde- 
pendent schools, of which at present there are eight 
in the academic department and a school of law. The 
faculty of instruction and government consists of 
co-equal professors, one of whom is annually chosen 
to be their chairman and chief executive officer. 
To them as a body is committed all that pertains 
to the discipline and interior irmnagement of the 
institution, while each professor is responsible for 
the efficient conduct of his own school. Eclecticism 
in studies, under certain restrictions, prevails with 
satisfactory results. There are five academic de- 
grees conferred by the trustees on the recommen- 
dation of the faculty, viz.. Bachelor of Literature, 
Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Arts, Master of 
Arts, and Bachelor of Law. There are also school 
diplomas for those who graduate in the school, and 
certificates of proficiency , promotion, and distinction 
when a certain measure of success is attained in 
the regular examinations. 

It has been the aim of the trustees to secure 
superior scholarship in the faculty, and the vigor- 
ous, accomplished, and faithful men who compose 
the board of instruction have so administered their 
trust as to prepare their students for and require 
at their hands a high standard of excellence for 
graduation. 

Prominent among the many special features of 



RICHMOND 



984 



RICHMOND 



the organization and work of this college is the 
school of English, with its separate professor, in 
which our mother-tongue is carefully and elabo- 
rately studied. 

The college lost her library, museum, and appa- 
ratus among the other calamities of war, but good 
foundations are already laid for increased excel- 
lence in each of these important departments. The 
literary societies are vigorous, and encourage a 
worthy emulation in the arts of writing and speak- 
ing among the students. 

ENDOWMENT. 

The property of the corporation consists of a 
most excellent plat of ground just within the cor- 
porate limits of the city, sufficiently ample for 
all needed improvements. On this campus there 
are buildings well adapted to the purposes of the 
college and capable of yet wider extension. Be- 
sides this realty, which is justly considered very 
valuable and eminently adapted to its purpose, there 
is an invested fund of some $75,000, whose income 
is applied to the purposes of education. The cor- 
poration is not encumbered by debt, the property 
is clear and the investments well placed. So that 
it may be justly seen that this institution, so long 
the pride and hope of Virginia Baptists, is doing 
the work of a college, and gives promise of wide 
future usefulness. 

It is important to notice that amid all the changes 
of fortune and the gratifying development which 
has marked its course, there has been no departure 
from the plans and purposes of its founders. Min- 
isters of the gospel are still and must ever be 
" privileged students." On the recommendation 
of the Education Board of the Baptist General As- 
sociation of Virginia, all young men having the 
ministry in view are received free of all college 
fees. The ties which bind the school and the 
churches of Virginia are tender and yet powerful. 
Purely literary in its work, yet eminently Chris- 
tian in all its influences, the college meets the ex- 
pectations and claims of an enlightened constitu- 
ency, and receives at their hands a united and 
cordial support. 

Richmond Female Institute.— This excellent 
school for young ladies was chartered by the Leg- 
islature of Virginia, March 2, 1853. It was a 
joint-stock enterprise, and cost, including lot, 
building, and apparatus, about $70,000. Its be- 
ginning was remarkably successful. Dui-ing its 
first session of 1854-55 it had 191 students, and 
during its second session 268. Until the war its 
average number of students annually was about 
200, and since that time about 100. The Rev. B. 
Manly, Jr., was its organizer and first president, 
holding that position during 1854-59. Prof. Chas. 
H. Winston succeeded Dr. Manly, and held the po- 



sition of president from 1859 to 1873, during two 
years of which period, however,^-l 863-65, — the 
school was closed in consequence of the war. Prof. 
John Hart held the presidency from 1873 to 1878, 
since which time Miss Sallie B. Hamner has filled 
the position of principal most successfully. The 
institution has been greatly impeded in its move- 
ments by pecuniary difficulties, but still, as an 
educational enterprise of the denomination, it has 
been of incalculable value to the Baptists of Rich- 
mond and of the State. Its boarding patronage 
has fallen below the expectation of its founders, 
because of the competition of cheaper schools in 
country districts, but it has always commanded an 
excellent day patronage, and the superiority of its 
course of instruction has made it an object of in- 
terest and just pride to the denomination. It has 
usually had a large number of accomplished in- 
structors, sometimes as many as twenty, and has 
aimed to cover the whole pei-iod of a girl's educa- 
tion from the most elementary studies of the pre- 
paratory school to the most advanced branches of 
the collegiate department. Much attention has 
always been given to music and art. The insti- 
tute, like the University of Virginia, is made up 
of " schools," of which there are eight ; and one 
can become a " full graduate" only upon the com- 
pletion of all the studies of all the schools, after a 
satisfactory examination. So rigid is the course, 
and so thorough the examination, that but com- 
paratively few students attain this honor, perhaps, 
on an average, only about two each year. As a 
consequence, the diploma of the Richmond Female 
Institute is held in the highest esteem by those 
who have been so faithful as to secure it. 

Richmond, Va., First Baptist Church of, 

was constituted in 1780, when Richmond was a 
village, with a population of about 1800, half of 
whom were Africans. 

Its present spacious edifice, on the northwest 
corner of Broad and Twelfth Streets, was dedi- 
cated Oct. 17, 1841. It was designed by Thomas 
U. Walter, Esq., of Philadelphia. In 1858 the 
seating capacity of this large meeting-house had 
to be increased by adding to the rear about four- 
teen feet. The original cost of the building, and 
its subsequent enlargement, amount to $49,000. 

According to Dr. Burrows (First Centenary of 
the First Baptist Church of Richmond, p. 29), 
" This church of fourteen members in 1780 has 
swelled into nineteen churches in Richmond and 
Manchester in 1880, with 16,847 members." 

J. B. Hawthorne, D.D., is the present pastor of 
this venerable mother-church. 

Richmond Institute, The, for the training of 
colored preachers and teachers, is located in the 
city of Richmond, Va. The Rev. Dr. Binney, 
under the patronage of the American Baptist Home 



RICHMOND 



RICHMOND 



Mission Society, opened in November, 1865, a 
school in that city for the preparation of colored 
men for the ministry. He began with a class of 
about twenty-five, whom he could instruct only at 
night. He remained in charge, however, but a 
short time, and soon after returned to Burmah. 
The Congress of the United States chartered, May 
10, 1866, the National Theological Institute of 
Richmond, the object of which was " the judicious 
training of men of God for the Christian ministry," 
and this charter, by an act passed May 2, 1867, was 
amended, and the name changed to that of The 
National Theological Institute and University. Of 
this institution the Rev. J. D. Fullon, D.D., was 
made president, and the Rev. J. W. Parker, D.D., 
corresponding secretary. The Rev. N. Colver, 
D.D., of the Chicago Theological Seminary, was 
subsequently invited to the presidency of the in- 
stitute, which he accepted, and entered upon his 
duties May 13, 1867. He leased for- three years, 
at a rent of $3000 per annum, the establishment 
known as Lumpkin's Jail. The school opened in 
its new location with about thirty pupils, two-thirds 
of whom were preparing for the ministry. The 
Rev. Robert Ryland was associated with Dr. Col- 
ver in the management of the school from Septem- 
ber, 1867, to June, 1868, when he resigned. Dr. 
Colver, also, resigned in June, 1868, in conse- 
quence of failing health. Mr. Corey, then in 
charge of a similar school at Augusta, Ga., was 
invited to take charge of the Richmond Institute, 
which invitation he accepted, entering upon his 
duties in October, with Miss H. W. Goodman as 
chief assistant. In November and December of 
1868 a ministers' institute was held, the principal 
lecturers being the Rev. Dr. Parker and Mr. Corey ; 
it was attended by eighty-one ministers and church 
officers, in addition to the regular students. During 
this winter about sixty pupils attended the daily 
sessions of the schools, and at night the principal 
gave instruction to another class, consisting of 
sixty-eight men. In May, 1869, the institute passed 
into the hands of the American Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society, and since that time has been under 
the care of that society. On the expiration of the 
lease of Lumpkin's Jail, in 1870, it became neces- 
sary to secure a more permanent location. The 
United States Hotel, on the corner of Nineteenth 
and Main Streets, was purchased Jan. 26, 1870, and 
in the fall of the same year it was occupied by the 
school. This building was erected in 1818, and 
was at one time the most fashionable hotel in Rich- 
mond. It is four stories high, and contains about 
fifty rooms. It is said to have cost originally 
$110,000, and it was purchased for $10,000. The 
building needed extensive repairs, and the students 
collected for this purpose more than $1000 from 
the citizens of Richmond, white and colored ; they 



also gave of their own means, and -in addition ren- 
dered valuable service by their daily labor on the 
building. One hundred and two of the students 
subscribed, each, $100 to the endowment of the 
school, — $10,200, paid in monthly instalments. 
The entire amount expended in repairing the 
building and in fitting up the school-rooms, up to 
April 1, was upwards of $11,000. The value of 
the building and furniture is estimated at $50,000. 
Since the close of the war about $80,000 have been 
expended in building up the school and in carrying 
on its work. Six hundred students have enjoyed 
its educational advantages for a longer or shorter 
time. The library contains about 2200 volumes. 
The number of students in the institute during' 
1878 was 103, 70 of whom were preparing for the 
ministry. 

The school for a time was known as the Colver 
Institute, but for satisfactory reasons the more 
general name, the Richmond Institute, was inserted 
in the deed which conveyed the property to the 
trustees, and under that name it was incorporated 
by an act passed by the General Assembly of Vir- 
ginia Feb. 10, 1876. Dr. Colver' s connection with 
the institute continued less than a year. Since 
1868 the Rev. C. II. Corey, D.D., has filled the 
position of president. The following persons have, 
at difi'erent times, been its instructors : the Rev. 
Robert Ryland, D.D., Miss II. W. Goodman. Rev. 
S. J. Neiley, Mr. Sterling Gardner, Rev. J. E. 
Jones, Mr. D. N. Vassar. The following students 
have also served, temporarily, as teachers: I. T. 
Armistead, Wm. Cousins, B. J. Medley, A. H. 
Cumber, II. B. Bunts, H. H. Johnson, and Chas. 
J. Daniel. 

Richmond, Rev. John L., M.D., was born in 

Hampshire Co., Mass., April 5, 1785. He was 
converted at the age qf thirteen, but did not make 
a profession of faith, because there was no Baptist 
church in the vicinity. He joined the Onondaga 
church in 1802. He studied at home, and gained 
a considerable mastery of Latin, Greek, and mathe- 
matics. It was his habit to read the New Testa- 
ment in the Greek. He was ordained in 1817 at 
Camillus, N. Y. He became pastor of East Fork 
church, 0., in 1818, and of Clough Creek church 
in 1819. Having already engaged in the practice 
of medicine, he entered the Ohio Medical College, 
and graduated in 1822. He became a physician 
that he might support his family, while he 
preached to the feeble churches. In 1832 he re- 
moved to Cincinnati, practised medicine, lectured 
in the Ohio Medical College, and preached as op- 
portunity offered. In 1824 or 1825 he performed 
the " Caesarian section," saving the life of the 
mother. This is sai'd to be the first time that the 
operation was ever performed in this country. 
[Indiana Journal of Medicine, July, 1872, also 



RICHMOND 



987 



BICKER 



Western Journal 'of Medicine and Physical Science, 
1830, vol. iii. p. 485.) In 1833 he removed to 
Pendleton, Ind. While living here he preached 
for the churches of Fall Creek and Anderson, and 
continued the practice of medicine. In June, 1835, 
he was called to the pastorate of the Indianapolis 
Baptist church, which, to use his own language, 
"contained at that time about twenty-six available 
members." He continued pastor of the church until 
it was united and strong, then he resigned, and was 
followed by Rev. G. C. Chandler. In 1846 he had 
a paralytic stroke, that forbade his further prac- 
tice of medicine for the time, and in 1847 he re- 
moved to Covington, Ind., and became a member 
of the family of Albert Henderson, his son-in-laW. 

He was a commissioned surgeon in the war of 
1812, and was in service on the lakes. He was a 
member of the first meeting that was called to or- 
ganize an Indiana Baptist Education Society, and 
was for several years a member of the board of the 
Indiana Baptist Manual Labor Institute (after- 
wards Franklin College). He was a member of 
the committee appointed to obtain a college char- 
ter. He loved to study, he loved to preach, and he 
proclaimed Christ several times after he became too 
feeble to stand. One of his remarks, remembered 
by his bretiiren, is that" twenty persons could sup- 
port a pastor if they were willing and united, and a 
hundred could starve him as easily." He died in 
Covington, Oct. 12, 1855. 

Eichmond, Va., Religious Herald of.— In 
the year 1826 the Rev. Henry Keeling commenced 
in Richmond the publication of a small monthly 
magazine, with but few subscribers. At that time 
there were only four Baptist weekly journals in 
the United States. The magazine was soon merged 
in the Religious Herald, which made its first ap- 
pearance Jan. 11, 1828. The plan of this paper 
originated with Deacon Wm. Crane, who invited 
Mr. Wm. Sands, an English printer residing in 
Baltimore, to assist in establishing it. Of this 
paper Keeling was the editor, Sands the printer, 
and Crane the financial supporter. It was small, 
neat, and well conducted. After a short time the 
Rev. Eli Ball became the editor, who held the posi- 
tion, however, only a year or two. The editorial 
labor then devolved upon Mr. Sands, who, in con- 
sequence of his experience and judgment, as well 
a^^ his thorough acquaintance with the denomina- 
tion and its wants, made the paper quite popular. 
Its subscribers gradually increased in number until, 
in 1857, owing to the feeble health of Mr. Sands, 
the Rev. David Shaver became associate editor. 
Dr. Shaver wielded a polished and vigorous pen, 
and in written argument had but few equals. The 
Herald continued to grow in favor, influence, and 
pecuniary prosperity until the war. During the 
disasters of that period nearly every religious jour- 



nal in the South was .suspended. The Herald was 
reduced in size to half a sheet, and issued monthly 
or semi-monthly ; and, on April 3, 1865, when 
Richmond fell, the office of the Herald, with all its 
types, papers, and fixtures, was burned, its mail- 
ing list only escaping the flames. Rev. J. B. Jeter, 
D.D., and Rev. A. E. Dickinson, D.D., purchased 
the subscription list, issued a specimen number of 
the new series Oct. 19, 1865, and began its regular 
publication on the 16th of the following month. 
The paper was greatly improved in every respect 
under their management, and was characterized 
by an unusually moderate, conservative, and dig- 
nified tone. Its columns for many years have 
advocated peace within our borders, and much 
of the fraternal feeling which has grown up be- 
tween the Northern and the Southern Baptists since 
the close of the M'ar is due to its kindly and judi- 
cious course. As a representative of Baptist doc- 
trine it stands among the very foremost. It treads 
unfalteringly the old paths, and gives no uncertain 
sound in the advocacy of gospel truth. Every 
good cause receives its cordial and constant sup- 
port. The Rev. Drs. Fuller and Furman were, for 
some years, associate editors of the Herald, and 
their elegant and vigorous articles have been read 
with deliglit by multitudes. Its present associate 
editors are the Rev. Dr. Broadus, of Louisville; 
Dr. Brantly, of Baltimore ; Dr. Upham, of Boston; 
and Prof. Puryear, of Richmond, — all of -whom 
bring to the pages of the paper an experience in 
authorship, and a brilliancy and vigor of style, that 
make the Herald one of the most attractive and in- 
structive of our denominational journals. 

Since the death of Dr. Jeter, Prof. H. II. Harris, 
D.D., has become junior editor, and his scholarly 
pen increases the attractions of the Herald. 

Ricker, Joseph, D.D., was born in Parsons- 
field, Me., June 27, 1814. At the age of fifteen he 
was hopefully converted, and was baptized by Rev. 
Willard Glover, and became a member of the Par- 
sonsfield church. He graduated at Waterville Col- 
lege, now Colby University, in the class of 1839. 
In May of this year he took the editorial charge 
oi Zion's Advocate, in Portland, Me. Having con- 
nected himself with the First Baptist church in 
Portland, he was licensed by that church, in the 
spring of 1840, to preach the gospel. He was or- 
dained as an evangelist May 12, 1842, and ac- 
cepted a call to the pastorate of the Baptist church 
in New Gloucester, Me., entering upon his duties 
Jan. 1, 1843. He remained in New Gloucester be- 
tween four and five years, and then became pastor 
of the church in Belfast, Me., where he continued 
until the fall of 1852, when he removed to Wobum, 
Mass., to take the pastoral charge of the church in 
that place. His relation with this church continued 
for more than five years. Having resigned, he ac- 



RIDDELL 



RILEY 



an invitation to become chaplain of the Mas- 
sachusetts State Prison, which position he held for 
two years and a half, and then returned to the pas- 
torate, having accepted a call from the church in 
Milford, Mass., where he i-emained five years, at 
the end of which time he became pastor of the 
church in Augusta, Me., acting for two years — 
1870 and 1871 — as chaplain of the Maine Insane 
Hospital. 

For several years Dr. Ricker was the correspond- 
ing secretai-y of the Maine Baptist Convention. 
The duties of the office requiring the services of 
some one all the time, he resigned his pastorate of 
the church in Augusta, and gave his entire energies 
to the work assigned to him by the State Conven- 
tion. In this position, which he continues to hold, 
he has labored since Jan. 1, 1872. Through his 
life Dr. Ricker has done a large amount of clerical 
work, having been the clerk of two Maine Associa- 
tions for fourteen years and of the Maine Sabbath- 
School Union for five years. He was the secretary 
of the Massachusetts Baptist Convention from 1858 
to 1865, and of the Maine Baptist Convention from 
1869 to the present time, lie has also been instru- 
mental in the erection of several houses of worship, 
and in raising the necessary funds to enable more 
than one chui-ch to pay oft" its debts. To such ob- 
jects as these he has himself been a liberal donor. 
Colby University, of which Dr. Ricker was made a 
trustee in 1849, conferred upon him the degree of 
Doctor of Divinity in 1868. 

Eiddell, Mortimer S., D.D., was born at East 
Hamilton, N. Y., May 8, 1827. His pious mother 
consecrated him to the Christian ministry while he 
was an infant. He was converted and baptized at 
the age of fifteen. He studied three years at the 
Hamilton Academy. In 1844 became clerk in a 
store in Hamilton, and subsequently its proprietor. 
After that he carried on the same business in 
Watertown, N. Y., for nine years. " Impressed by 
the long-cherished wish of his mother, and by the 
appeals of a faithful pastor," he entered the theo- 
logical seminary at Hamilton in 1858. On his 
graduation he was ordained pastor of the church 
at New Brunswick, N. J., and immediately en- 
tered the first rank of preachers in that college 
town. Of small stature and delicate constitution, 
he had an active brain and a large heart. His at- 
tractive style of sermonizing, clear and accurate 
judgment, strong sympathy with the people, and 
full recognition of duty as a Christian pastor and 
a patriotic citizen, marked him for a leader. In 
social power, spiritual earnestness, and intellectual 
activity he excelled most men, and his eight years' 
pastorate was full of deserved success. In the 
spring of 1867 there was a precious revival, into 
which Dr. Riddell threw his whole soul. His deli- 
cate health gave way. There were long months 



of absence for health. The church showed great 
kindness and affection, and only accepted his resig- 
nation after he pressed it repeatedly. He did not 
long survive. Feb. 1, 1870, he peacefully fell 
asleep at Ottawa, Kansas. His body was sent, ac- 
cording to his wish, " to lie among his dear people 
in New Brunswick." 

Madison University conferred upon him the 
degree of D.D. in 1867. Several of his sermons 
and addresses were published by request. 

Rigby, Rev. N. L., was born in Skelmersdale, 
Lancashire, England, April 21, 1839. At the age 
of twelve he formed the purpose of coming to 
America, and on the 4th of April, 1856, at the age 
of sixteen, he started alone for this country. Two 
years later he found Christ, and on the 4th of 
April, 1858, Ire was baptized in Bloomington, 111. 
In two years more he had his " commission to 
preach the gospel," and in September, 1860, en- 
tered Shurtleff" College, from which he graduated 
in 1866, and from the seminary in 1869. He 
graduated from both institutions with honor. On 
June 25, 1869, he was ordained at Fairbury, 111. 
In October, 1870, he located as pastor of the Bap- 
tist church at Chetopa, Kansas. In two years at this 
point he baptized seventy-five persons, fifty of whom 
were Delaware Indians, living in the Territory. 
On the 22d of June, 1873, he became pastor of the 
church at Winfield, Kansas, his present home. In 
1876 his health failed, and since then he has had 
no regular charge. 

RiggS, Rev. Bethuel, a pioneer minister in 
Missouri, was born in 1760, in New Jersey. Not 
much is known of his early life; nearly half of 
which M'as spent out of Missouri. When about 
eighteen he enlisted in the army to fight for Ameri- 
can independence. He married, early in life, Miss 
Nancy Lee, sister of a celebrated pioneer Baptist 
minister, James Lee, who preached with his gun 
by his side when fearing an attack from Indians. 
At the age of eighteen Bethuel Riggs was con- 
verted, and became a Baptist minister. Soon 
after he removed to North Carolina, and then 
to Georgia, Avhere he traveled extensively, and 
preached with great success. Subsequently he 
removed to Kentucky, and settled opposite Cincin- 
nati. In 1809 he settled in Missouri, and lived in 
St. Charles County for eight years. He thence 
removed to Troy, the seat of Lincoln County, near 
a sulphur spring, and a church was organized in 
1823 at his house, called after the name of the 
spring, and for years he was its pastor. He trav- 
eled much over Warren, St. Charles, Lincoln, 
Montgomery, and Pike Counties, preaching Christ. 
He finally removed to Monroe County, where he 
died, and was' buried beside his faithful wife. 

Riley, Rev. Garrard W., has been connected 
with the Baptist ministry of Illinois since the year 



RILlEY 



989 



RIPLEY 



1836, and is therefore at the present time one of 
the oldest, as he is one of the most respected, min- 
isters in the State. His father, John W. Riley, his 
grandfather, Garrard Riley, and his great-grand- 
father, Ninian Riley, were all earnest and useful 
Baptist ministers in Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, and 
Illinois. lie is himself one of four brothers, all 
of whom are Baptist ministers, — Rev. C. L. Riley 
and Rev. A. J. Riley in Indiana, Rev. J. W. Riley 
in California, himself, for a period of forty-four 
years, in Illinois. He was born Sept. 2, 1813, and 
was baptized at the age of nineteen by Rev. Aran 
Sargent into the fellowship of the Bethel church, 
Clermont Co., 0. In 1836 he was ordained as pas- 
tor of the Bloomfield church. 111., where he re- 
mained ten years. At that time he removed to 
Paris, the county-seat of Edgar County, where he 
enjoyed a pastorate of marked success for twelve 
years, the church, organized with eight members at 
the beginning of his ministry, growing to a mem- 
bership of 160. His work since has been chiefly 
at Urbana, Champaign, Indianapolis, Ind., and a 
second pastorate at Paris. During his ministry 
he has baptized more than 2000 persons, organized 
about 40 churches, built and dedicated about 20 
meeting-houses, his work always branching out 
from the main points held into the region round 
about. A man of singular enterprise and self-de- 
votion in his work, and held in high esteem in 
every community where his name is known. 

Riley, Judge Richard, was born Sept. 14, 
1735. His early life was blameless. In 1765 he 
was made a magistrate, and he held the ofi&ce until 
our national independence was declared. He was 
a'member of the Committee of Safety for Penn- 
sylvania. He served in the Legislature for two 
terms. In 1791 he was appointed to the office of 
assistant judge, a permanent position. 

He made a profession of religion about 1772, and 
was baptized into the fellowship of the First Bap- 
tist church of Philadelphia. He subsequently 
united with the Sansom Street church, and con- 
tinued in its fellowship till the formation of the 
Marcus Hook church, of which he was a constituent 
member, and with it remained until death opened 
for him a blessed entrance into the general as- 
sembly and church of the first-born in glory. He 
died Aug. 27, 1820 ; his venerable companion re- 
joined him in the skies just one month afterwards. 

Judge Riley was a great friend of missions, and 
took an active part in the formation of a local so- 
ciety to send the gospel to the heathen before the 
establishment of the General Convention. He was 
a man of broad views, of great benevolence, of ex- 
tensive information, and of ardent piety. His 
connection with the denomination was an honor, 
and his influence on its behalf at the mercy-seat was 
a power. 



He endured with great patience the weakness 
and pains of a two years' sickness before his death, 
and he left this for the better world, cheered by the 
holiest expectations and the sweetest peace. The 
Philadelphia Baptist Association, in its session of 
1820, passed a resolution in which it "condoles 
with the church at Marcus Hook in the removal 
of our venerable brother, Richard Riley." 

Ripley, Henry Jones, D.D., was born in Bos- 
ton, Jan. 28, 1798, and was of a family more than 
one member of which was remarkable for great 
gentleness and sweetness of temper and manners. 
He enjoyed the best facilities which his native city 
afforded for the acquisition of a thorough prepara- 
tory education to fit him for college. To say of 
him that he was a " medal scholar" of the Boston 
Latin School, and was fitted to enter Harvard Uni- 
versity at the early age of fourteen, is to speak in high 
terms of his scholarship. It was safe to predict that, 
if his life should be spared, he would win distinction 
in whatever profession he migiit select as his call- 
ing in life. He graduated at Harvard University 
in 1816, and soon after, having become a hopeful 
Christian, he repaired to the Andover Theological 
Institution to fit himself for the work of the 
Christian ministry. At the close of his Andover 
course he was ordained as an evangelist in the 
Baldwin Place church, Boston, Nov. 7, 1819, and 
commenced his ministry among the colored people 
in Georgia. After some months of evangelical 
labor in the South he returned North, and for a 
year preached in Eastport, Me. Prevented by the 
severity of the climate from making a permanent 
settlement in Eastport, he returned once more to 
Georgia, and for nearly five years labored most 
faithfully in that section, until an invitation was 
extended to him to become Professor of Biblical Lit- 
erature and Pastoral Duties in the Newton Theo- 
logical Institution. Such a call brought him back 
to the scenes and associations of his younger days, 
and he was not unwilling to respond affirmatively 
to it. He entered upon his work as professor at 
Newton in 1826, and remained in the institution 
until his resignation in 1860, a period of thirty- 
four years. He did not confine himself to the 
special department of which he had been called to 
take the" charge, but as, from time to time, emer- 
gencies arose, he took his classes over ground out- 
side of his appointed field of labor. " By a careful 
survey of his professional life," says Dr. Stearns, 
" it appears that he taught more or less in every 
department of the institution's curriculum. He 
did this diligently and laboriously." While he was 
performing the duties of his office, his busy pen 
was at work on the magazine and review articles, 
and on the more elaborate volumes which he com- 
mitted to the press. Among the latter which have 
been received with much favor, not only by his own 



I 



RIPLEY 



990 



RIPPON 



denomination but by Christian scholars of other 
names, we mention his " Notes on the Four Gos- 
pels," " Notes on the Acts of the Apostles," "Notes 
on the Epistle to the Romans," " Notes on the Epis- 
tle to the Hebrews, with new translation," " Sacred 
Rhetoric ; Composition and Delivery of Sermons," 
and " Church Polity ; a Treatise on Christian 
Churches and the Christian Ministry." 

Several years were passed in the quiet of his 
study, after his resignation, devoted to literary work. 
His old love for the colored people of Georgia seems 
to have been again awakened, and he accepted an 
appointment which carried him back again to 
Georgia, where he labored with great zeal and 
fidelity the better part of a year, when he returned 
once more to his beloved Newton home, never again 
to leave it. He found most congenial employment 
in the institution library, for which he cherished 
an affection bordering on that which a mother feels 
for the child of her love and care. He labored in 
many ways to increase its efficiency and make it 
a model of what the library of a theological insti- 
tution should be ; and in this he was singularly 
successful, and if Newton may boast of its well- 
selected collection of some of the best books in all 
the departments of Biblical science, she will never 
forget the mind and the heart which had so much 
to do in making the library what it now is. 

Dr. Ripley died at his residence at Newton Cen- 
tre, the modest, unpretending home which his pupils 
so well remember, May 21, 1875, having reached 
the ripe and well-rounded age of seventy-seven 
years and four months. His memory is very fra- 
grant in the hearts of hundreds who knew him but 
to love and revere him. 

Ripley, Rev. Thomas Baldwin, was born in 

Boston, Mass., Nov. 25, 1795. Like his brother. 
Prof. Henry J. Ripley, he received his early training 
in the excellent schools of Boston, and graduated at 
Brown University in the class of 1814. He was a 
pupil of Rev. Dr. Staughton, of Philadelphia, for 
one year, and then was ordained as pastor of the 
First Baptist church in Portland, Me., July 24, 
1816, and for twelve years held the office to which 
he had been chosen. His labors were much blessed 
in the conversion of sinners and the building up 
of the church. From Portland he was called to 
take charge of the First Baptist church in Bangor, 
Me. Here he remained for five years. On leaving 
Bangor he supplied for a time two or three churches, 
his connection with them all being a comparatively 
short one, and then removed to Nashville, Tenn. 
He preached for a brief period in several places in 
the Southwest, and then came back to New Eng- 
land and passed the remainder of his days in Port- 
land, Me., where, among his old parishioners and 
friends, he came to be recognized by the aff'ectionate 
name of "Father Ripley." As a city missionary 



he rendered an acceptable service in the place of 
his former residence, and, respected and beloved by 
the community in which he had lived so many 
years, he at length passed away on the 4th of May, 
1876. 

Mr. Ripley was a man of almost childlike guile- 
lessness and transparency of character. He loved 
the cause of Christ with a strength and tenderness 
of affection seldom equaled. He lived to do good 
and to commend the gospel to others by his holy 
teachings and his pure, blameless life. He walked 
among men, his head always lifted upward, literally 
as well as spiritually, as if in the clouds he saw the 
gates of the celestial city, and, " a pilgrim and 
stranger" here, was hastening thither. For more 
than eighty years his Master kept him here, and 
always found some congenial work for him to do. 
The church of God is the richer for such men. So 
much real goodness in this wicked world could be 
no other than a blessing to humanity and a glory 
to him whose divine nature was so largely repro- 
duced in one of whom it could so truly be said, 
" he walked with God, and he was not, for God 
took him." 

Rippon, John, D.D., was born at Tiverton, in 
Devonshire, England, in 1751. When about six- 
teen years of age he was called by divine grace to 
follow Jesus. When a little over seventeen he en- 
tered Bristol Baptist College. When about twenty- 
one he became the successor of the great Dr. Gill, 
in London. Mr. Rippon had neither the talents 
nor the learning of his illustrious predecessor, but 
he was bold, witty, and ready in speech : his 
" preaching was lively, affectionate, and impres- 
sive;" his administration of church affairs was 
marked by great prudence, and he soon became 
very popular. The church edifice was enlarged, 
and the community over which he presided was 
"one of the wealthiest," according to Spurgeon, 
" within the pale of Nonconformity." Dr. Rippon 
was a great friend of missions, and his church 
gave large sums to the home and foreign Baptist 
missionary societies. 

He projected and edited the Baptist Register, to 
give our brethren in Europe and America an organ 
through which they might address each other. 

Dr. Rippon was engaged in preparing a work 
commemorating the saintly worthies who were in- 
terred in Bunhill Fields, but the book never was 
published. His plan embraced the records on every 
stone. J. A. Jones, in his "Bunhill Memorials," 
in which he gives sketches of three hundred min- 
isters and other persons of note buried in Bunhill 
Fields, produced pi-obably a much more valuable 
book than Dr. Rippon's time would have permitted 
him to write. 

Dr. Rippon is best known by his " Selection of 
Hymns." This work for a long period, with the 



RITNER 



ROBERT 



hymns of Dr. Watts, was used in Baptist churches. 
Mr. Spurgeon says that his " ' Selection of Hymns' 
was an estate to him." And he adds, " In his later 
days he was evidently in very comfortable circum- 
stances, for we have often heard mention of his 
carriage and pair." 

He was a friend to America in the Revolutionary 
struggle, as the English Baptists generally were. 

He was pastor of the community now worshipping 
in the Metropolitan Tabernacle, over which Rev. 
C. H. Spurgeon at present presides, from 1773 to 
1836, a period of sixty-three years. 

Biitner, Rev. I. Newton, was bom near Mal- 
vern, Pa., Feb. 22, 1841. " Born again" in De- 
cember, 1857, during revival meetings held at a 
Lutheran church. Declined to be sprinkled on 
account of Bible convictions, and was subse- 
quently baptized in Philadelphia by Rev. Dr. D. 
B. Cheney, April 4, 1858. His father was baptized 
at the same time, he having been led to accept 
Christ through words written by the son. Was 
educated for a business life, but was diligent in 
labors for souls in connection with business pur- 
suits. Declined an offer to provide for his liberal 
education on condition of entering the Presbyte- 
rian ministry. Entered the army in 1861, and be- 
came brevet captain " for faithful and meritorious 
services." After four years of service he returned 
to Philadelphia, and became book-keeper in a large 
mercantile house. United with the Fifth church, 
and soon gathered a large and interesting Bible- 
class, more than forty of whom were led to Christ. 
He also served as deacon and trustee. During the 
summer of 1873 he was impressed with the thought 
that the Lord desired him to preach the gospel. 
With his slowly and prayerfully reached convic- 
tions he found the church in hearty accord, and he 
was ordained Feb. 12, 1874. He began his minis- 
try first as " stated supply," then as pastor of the 
Eleventh church, Philadelphia, in whose meeting- 
house he had previously put on Christ by baptism. 
In this field of labor he continues to glorify God 
in both body and spirit. He is a faithful, con- 
scientious, self-sacrificing servant of the Lord 
Jesus, and his labors are marked with manifold 
tokens of divine favor. He has served as secre- 
tary of the Philadelphia Conference of Baptist Min- 
isters since 1875, and is associated with his breth- 
ren in other important trusts. 

River Baptisms in Venerable Bede's Eccle- 
siastical History. — This distinguished Chris- 
tian, the first English historian, died in 735. His 
" Church History" gives an account of the conver- 
sion of the "Angles, Jutes, and Saxons," his Eng- 
lish fathers. In it he says, " Paulinus, coming 
with the king and queen of the Northumbrians to 
the royal country -seat of Adgfrin (Yeverin, in 
Glendale), stayed there with them thirty-six days, 



fully occupied in catechising and baptizing, during 
which days, from morning till night, he did 
nothing else but instruct the people resorting from 
all the villages and places in Christ's saving Word, 
and when instructed they were ^cashed (abluere) in 
the river Glen, which was near by, with the water 
of absolution. These things," he says, " happened 
in the province of the Bernicians ; but in that of 
the Deiri also, where he was accustomed often to 
be with the king, he baptized in the river Sivale 
(in Sualo fluvio), which flows past the village of 
Cataract" (Carrick, in Yorkshire). He speaks also 
of an old man who said that " he and a great mul- 
titude were baptized at noonday in the presence of 
King Edwin in the river Trent by the bishop, 
Paulinus" [in fluvio Treenta). (Eccles. Hist., lib. 
ii. 14, p. 105; lib. ii. 16, p. 107. Oxonii, 1846.) 
Paulinus, like John and the Jordan, used the flow- 
ing river for his font. 

Robbins, A. C, deacon of the First Baptist 
church, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, was born, Oct. 19, 
1819, in Chebogue, Yarmouth Co., Nova Scotia; 
is one of Yarmouth's largest and wealthiest ship- 
owners and most influential citizens. In 1876, 
Mr. Robbins contributed $10,000 towards the en- 
dowment of Acadia College. 

Robert, Rev. Baynard C, a pioneer preacher 
in Rapides Parish, La., was born in South Caro- 
lina in 1800. He came to Louisiana in 1818 ; was 
ordained in 1821, — the second Baptist minister 
ever ordained in the State. He was a man of in- 
telligence and ability, and was instrumental in 
founding many churches in his region. He was 
often moderator of the Louisiana Association. He 
died in 1865. 

Robert, Maj. Henry Martyn, U.S.A., is a 
native of Robertville, Beaufort District, now 
Hampton Co., S. C, where he was born May 2, 
1837. His father is Rev. Joseph T. Robert, Sr., 
LL.D., president of Atlanta Baptist Theological 
Seminary. His mother, who has been dead several 
years, was a descendant of the well-known Lawton 
family of South Carolina, being a daughter of Gen. 
Lawton, U.S.A., for many years commander at 
West Point. Maj. Robert's paternal ancestors 
were French Huguenots, who settled in his native 
town and gave it its name in 1680. His paternal 
grandfather was an Episcopal clergyman, liut be- 
came a Baptist, and with him the Baptist element 
in the family begins. When thirteen years cf 
age Henry made a public profession of religion, 
and was baptized by his father into the fellowship 
of the First Baptist church in Portsmouth, 0., of 
which he was then pastor. Having completed his 
pi'imary education, and having spent one year at 
Denison University, he entered West Point Mili- 
tary Academy in 1853, when sixteen years of age. 
He graduated at twenty, the youngest member of 



ROBERT 



ROBERT 



his class. He received his commission with the 
rank of lieutenant in the corps of engineers, 
U.S.A., in which he has sei-ved ever since. After 
graduating he was appointed assistant professor 
of Natural Philosophy at West Point, and subse- 
quently he was transferred to the department of 
Practical Engineering. In 1858 he was ordered to 
the Department of the Pacific, and stationed at 
Fort Vancouver, Washington Territory. During 
the critical period of the Northwest boundary difii- 
culty between our country and Great Britain, Maj. 
Robert was put in charge of the defenses and troops 
on San Juan Island. 

When the civil war broke out Maj. Robert, al- 
though of Southern birth, and although all his rel- 
atives resided in the South, and were in sympathy 
with Southern sentiments, hesitated not a moment 
as to his duty. He heartily espoused the Union 
cause, and devoted his services to the government 
which had educated him, and which he loved. He 
served on the staif of Gen. McClellan, the com- 
mander of the Army of the Potomac. He had 
charge of building the fortifications around Wash- 
ington. During this service his health was so 
seriously prostrated as to require less fatiguing 
duty, and he was accordingly transferred to Phila- 
delphia, to erect fortifications for that city, and 
subsequently he had charge of a similar service at 
New Bedford, Mass. 

At the close of the war he was again placed at the 
head of the department of Practical Military Engi- 
neering at West Point. In 1867 he was assigned to 
the Military Department of the Pacific, serving as 
chief engineer on the staff of Maj. -Gens. Halleck, 
Thomas, and Schofield, successively. In 1871 he 
was put in charge of the fortifications, light-houses, 
and river and harbor improvements in Oregon and 
Washington Territories, with headquarters at Port- 
land. In 1873 he was transferred to Milwaukee, 
Wis., and put in charge of a like service on Lake 
Michigan. He has in charge all the government 
improvements and expenditures on Lake Superior, 
except at Duluth and Superior City, and all the 
western shore of Lake Michigan north of Mil- 
waukee. 

Maj. Robert is the author of the article on Par- 
liamentary Law in " Appleton's American Cyclo- 
pedia," and of " Robert's Rules of Order," a 
standard authority on parliamentary law, used as 
a text-book in many of the schools and colleges of 
the country, and adopted by many of the most im- 
portant civil and religious deliberative bodies. He 
is also the author of " An Index to the Reports 
of the Chief Engineers of U.S.A. on River and 
Harbor Improvements," being an analytical and 
topical index to the public documents relating to 
the system of internal improvements carried on 
by the U. S. government. He is the author of the 



very complete system of statistical blanks for the 
use of Baptist State Conventions, Associations, 
churches, and Sunday-schools, together with a 
church record to be used in connection with the 
blanks, all of which he prepared as a gratuitous 
service for the Wisconsin Baptist State Conven- 
tion, and which has resulted in great denomina- 
tional efiiciency, and which he has just placed at 
the disposal of the American Baptist Publication 
Society for future publication for the Baptist de- 
nomination throughout the land. 

As a Christian, Maj. Robert is an earnest worker 
in the church of which he is a member, and in 
the denomination, notwithstanding the numerous 
duties and responsibilities connected with his offi- 
cial position, without neglecting a single one of 
which he has always found time to devote to the 
interests of his church and the claims of his Mas- 
ter. In the Grand Avenue Baptist church, Mil- 
waukee, of which he is a member, he is chairman 
of the board of trustees, one of the deacons, and 
superintendent of the Sunday-school. He is a 
decided Baptist, and insists with military pre- 
cision that everything in the conduct of the 
church shall be according to Scriptural Baptist 
faith and practice. Though sometimes supposed 
to be a little rigid, — a quality of character acquired 
in his long military experience, — he is of a most 
kind and generous spirit, and always wise in coun- 
sel. In the denomination in the State his labors 
are invaluable. He is an active member of the 
board of the State Convention and of its Execu- 
tive Committee. In the Bible-school work he is 
one of the soundest thinkers and most thorough 
workers in the State. 

Robert, Rev. Joseph T., LL.D., president of 

the Atlanta Baptist Seminary, Ga., an institution 
for the classical and theological instruction of col- 
ored people of both sexes, was born at Robertville, 
S. C, Nov. 28, 1807. He received his ante-col- 
legiate education in that place, and there he pro- 
fessed conversion and was baptized, in October, 
1822. In February, 1825, he entered Columbian 
College, at Washington, D. C, where he studied 
some time, taking the vei'y first rank in his classes, 
and he was graduated with the first honors of his 
class at Brown University, R. I., in 1828. He w.as 
a resident graduate and medical student at Yale 
College, New Haven, during the years 1829 and 
1830. In 1830 he returned to his native State 
and entered the South Carolina Medical College, 
graduating the following year. 1831. In 1832 he 
was licensed to preach by the Robertville church, 
and then went to Furman Theological Seminary, 
in order thoroughly to prepare for the ministry, in 
1832, remaining two years. He was ordained pas- 
tor of the Robertville church in 1834, but removed 
to Kentucky in 1839 to become pastor of the Bap- 



ROBERTS 



ROBERTS 



tist church at Covington; afterwards, in 1841, he 
took charge of the Lebanon Baptist church, in 
Kentucky. About 1848 he returned South and 
took charge of the First Baptist church of Sa- 
vannah, Ga., where he resided a year or two. 
But in 1850 he was called to the Portsmouth church, 
0., continuing in that position until 1858, when he 
became Professor of Mathematics and Natural 
Science in Burlington University, Iowa. In 1864 
he was secured by the Iowa State University as 
Profe.ssor of Languages, but accepted the presidency 
of Burlington University in 1869. The necessity 
for returning to a milder climate carried him to 
Georgia in October, 1870, and in July, 1871, he 
accepted the care of the Augusta Institute for col- 
ored ministers, a school established by the Home 
Mission Society of the Northern Baptists. The 
institute was removed to Atlanta in 1879 and in- 
corporated -with the Atlanta Baptist Seminary, 
under the presidency of Dr. Roljert. In this po- 
sition he is exerting a great influence for good and 
is doing a most invaluable work. A scholar of the 
highest order and a perfect Christian gentleman, 
lie is admirably adapted to his position, and it is 
doubtful if a better selection could be made. Dr. 
Robert is of Huguenot descent. As a preacher 
and theologian he is sound and learned, and as 
a scholar he possesses a wide proficiency. 

Roberts, Rev. Benjamin, was born in North 

Carolina, July 21, 1794. He removed to Georgia 
when quite young ; was baptized in 1822 by Rev. 
Jas. Barnes, and was received i-nto the fellowship 
of the Beulah church, which he afterwards served, 
as pastor, for twenty-three years consecutively. 
Shortly after his baptism he was chosen clerk of 
the church, and the next year was ordained a dea- 
con. In a few years he was licensed to preach, 
and in August, 1829, was ordained to the full work 
of the ministry. He was most widely known as 
clerk of the Washington Association, in which 
capacity he served during almost the entire period 
of his ministry, exerting a wide and very beneficial 
influence. He was a man of few words, but they 
were always to the point, his chief characteristics 
being simplicity and meekness. 

Roberts, Rev. Joseph, was bom in Virginia 
in the year 1770. Some time about the close of the 
last century he left his native vState in company 
with his father and settled on Little River, Greene 
Co., Ga. He had married before leaving Virginia, 
but had lost his wife, and therefore resided with 
his father for some years ; but at that time neither 
he nor any of the family cared for religion, 
being intent upon the world and its pleasures and 
follies. Arrested in his wild career by the grace 
of God in the year 1803, Mr. Roberts united with 
the church at Whatley's Mills, now Bethesda, and 
at once took a high stand as a member, attending 



the Georgia Association as a delegate in 1804. He 
married in 1805, and settled in Powelton, Hancock 
Co., where he was the companion and fellow-laborer 
of William Rabun, the two representatives for a 
number of years of the Powelton church in the 
Association. He soon manifested the possession 
of decided ministerial talents, and in 1811 was li- 
censed to preach ; two or three years afterwards 
he -was ordained, and immediately entered upon a 
course of extensive and useful labor. The churches 
at Powelton, Iloreb. Bethel, and White Plains, be- 
sides others, enjoyed the benefits of his ministry, 
the last mentioned, perhaps, sharing most largely 
in his godly labors. For eighteen consecutive years 
he preached to the White Plains church, being 
much esteemed by it and by all the other churches 
he served. Few ministers possessed to the extent 
he did the faculty of endearing their people to 
them, and this, perhaps, was one secret of his use- 
fulness. The doctrines of grace were his delight, 
and furnished the staple of his sermons ; yet, like 
Paul, he dwelt much upon practical godliness. He 
ended his useful life on the 22d of October, 1837, 
in the sixty-seventh year of his age. 

Roberts, Rev. McCord, was bom in Wilkes- 
borough, Wikes County, N. C, March 28, 1810. 
He became early inclined to close study, a habit 
which he has always cultivated, and has become 
one of the best thinkers of his day. lie was at 
first a Methodist minister for twenty years, and 
has preached for thirty years in the Baptist de- 
nomination. He was very popular among the 
Methodists, and he is no less so among the Baptists. 
He is a man of rare attainments, especially in 
metaphysics. 

He has shunned the walks in life which bring 
men into prominence. His career has been re- 
markably useful ; he is most favorably known 
throughout the State of Missouri and in the South- 
west. Men of talent and education respect and 
honor him, and the people are glad to hear him. 

His labors have been great and self-denying for 
the cause of Christ in Missouri. He is deeply in- 
terested in education. He now resides in Bolivar, 
and is one of the board of directors of the South- 
west Baptist College located there. 

Roberts, Rev. Thomas, was bom in Wales on 
■June 12, 1783 ; came to this country in 1803 ; was 
baptized in New York by Rev. -John Stepheps, 
March 8, 1807. When speaking of that going down 
into the East River, he said, "God be thanked 
that a creature so unworthy was permitted to fol- 
low his blessed Son." He studied under Dr. 
Staughton, and in 1814 became pastor of the church 
at Great Valley, Pa. After remaining there for 
seven years he became a missionary to the Chero- 
kees. In 1825 he took charge of the church at 
Middletown, N. J., where for thirteen years he was 



ROBERTS 



994 



ROBINS 



wondei-fully blessed in bringing hundreds to Christ 
and in building up the church. After serving in 
New York and Pennsylvania, he returned to Mon- 
mouth Co., N. J., and preached as long as the bur- 
dens of age would permit. At eighty-two he passed 
peacefully away. The gentle, loving spirit of Mr. 
Roberts enabled him to be very useful in settling 
difficulties, and his Welsh fervor, combined with an 
unusual power of illustration, made him very popu- 
lar as a preacher. After his death a volume con- 
taining some of his sermons was published, and 
several articles of his appeared in periodicals while 
he was yet living. 

Roberts, Rev. W. S., pastor of the Spruce 
Street Baptist church, Philadelphia, Pa., was born 
in New Carlisle, Clarke Co., 0., April 1, 184G. 
Ilis father, bearing the same name, was an honored 
Baptist minister ; two younger brothers are in the 
same holy calling, — Rev. Charles B. Roberts is 
pastor of the Baptist church in Englewood, 111., 
and Rev. John E. Roberts serves the First Baptist 
church of Kansas City, Mo. 

AVilliam commenced his higher studies at Kala- 
mazoo, and completed them at Shurtleff College, 
in the literary course in 1872, and in the theologi- 
cal department in 1875. He was ordained as pastor 
of the church in Janesville, Wis., in July, 1875. 
He retained this position for three years, during 
which the church enjoyed much spiritual pros- 
perity and removed a burdensome debt. He en- 
tered upon his present charge July 1, 1878. 

In each of his fields of labor Mr. Roberts suc- 
ceeded some of the most distinguished ministers in 
the Baptist denomination. Mr. Roberts is a man 
of culture, a student, a faithful pastor, and an able 
preacher. He possesses much of the spirit of his 
loving Master, and he enjoys the affection of his 
own people and of all his brethren in the min- 
istry. 

Robertson, Rev. Norvell, an eminent Missis- 
sippi minister, the author of an excellent " Hand- 
Book of Theology," was born in Georgia in 1796. 
His father, also named Norvell, was a Baptist 
preacher, who spent fifty-one years in the ministry 
in Georgia and Mississippi, and died at the ad- 
vanced age of ninety-one years. His distinguished 
son professed Christ in 1830, and was ordained in 
1833. He was soon called to take charge of the 
Leaf River Baptist churcli, where he continued as 
pastor to the time of his death, in 1879, about forty- 
five years, steadily refusing the most tempting 
offers to leave this country church. His "Hand- 
Book of Theology" is a lasting monument to his 
memory. 

Robey, Rev. Geo. W., pastor at Bedford, Iowa, 
was born May 27, 1838, in Marion Co., Mo. His 
father was an infidel, his mother was a member of 
the Presbyterian Church. His mother's prayers 



saved him from infidelity ; the New Testament 
made him a Baptist. He was converted at the age 
of fourteen, baptized at seventeen, and licensed to 
preach at eighteen. He graduated from Bethel 
College in 1860. In 1859 he was ordained pastor 
of Union church, in his native county, where he 
was baptized. Here with the people among whom 
he was brought up his labors were wonderfully 
blessed. His father was converted and became a 
zealous Baptist, and the young pastor was per- 
mitted to lead " down into the water" for baptism, 
as his first subject, his own mother, whose views on 
this ordinance had changed. Other churches in 
Northeast Missouri were blessed under his ministry, 
until 1867, when he settled as pastor at Shelbina, 
Shelby Co. In 1872 he accepted a call to Hamburg, 
Iowa, where he remained three years, and resigned 
the pastorate to become associate editor of the Bap- 
tist Beacon, published at Pella, Iowa. In Septem- 
ber, 1875, he accepted a pressing invitation to settle 
at Bedford. Here he is held in high esteem as 
pastor of one of the largest congregations in the 
State. Though possessing a weak constitution, and 
all the time in feeble health, yet he has been " in 
labors abundant," £Chd already over 1000 have been 
added to the churches under his ministry. 

Robins, Rev. Gurdon, son of Ephraim Robins, 
was born in Sheffield, Conn., Feb. 6, 1786; his 
parents, Congregationalists, became Baptists; all 
i-emdved to Hartford in 1796, the father becoming 
a local preacher ; Gurdon was converted in 1798, 
baptized by Rev. S. S. Nelson, and united with the 
First Baptist church ; in 1814 was chosen deacon; 
was a merchant ; in 1816 removed to Fayetteville, 
N. C. ; began to preach ; invited to a church at 
Cape Fear, but health forbade settlement ; Avas 
active in reviving the North Carolina Baptist Mis- 
sion Convention ; became judge of the county 
court; in 1823 returned to Hartford, Conn.; five 
years editor of Christian Secretary ; in June, 1829, 
ordained pastor of South (then East) Windsor 
church ; in 1832 returned to Hartford ; established 
a store ; became a publisher ; supplied churches at 
Avon, Canton, Bloomfield, Bristol; active in Con- 
necticut Baptist State Convention, Connecticut 
Baptist Education Society, Connecticut Literary 
Institution, and every good work ; familiar with 
Baptist histoiy ; sound in the faith. His son, Dr. 
Robins, is president of Colby University. Died 
Jan. 2, 1864, in his seventy-eighth year. 

Robins, Henry E., D.D., was born in Hartford, 
Conn. He pursued his studies Jit the Suffield Lit- 
erary Institute and at the Fairmount Theological 
Seminary, Ky. For three years he was connected 
with the Newton Theological Institution. His or- 
dination took place Dec. 6, 1861, and he became 
pastor of the Central Baptist church in Newport, 
R. I., where he remained five years, when he re- 



ROBINSON 



995 



ROBINSON 



moved to Rochester, N. Y., where he was pastor 
six years. He was elected president of Colby Uni- 
A'ersity in 1873. Under the administration of Pres- 
ident Robins the university has been greatly pros- 




HEXRV E. RQBl 



5, D.D. 



\ 



pered. The position to which he was called in 
1873 he still holds. He is a fine scholar, with a 
powerful intellect, and a very flattering record. 
No man in the denomination has earned a higher 
reputation for usefulness in his noble calling than 
Dr. Robins. 

Robinson, Rev. Asa A., son of Gordon and 
Lydia Robinson, seventh generation from "John, 
the Puritan,'" was born in Windham, Conn., in 
May, 1814 : converted in 1828 ; baptized by his 
father-in-law, Rev. Esek Brown, in 1829 : educated 
at Connecticut Literary Institution ; studied awhile 
in Brown University ; acted as merchant with his 
father ; was school visitor, postmaster, town clerk, 
and treasurer ; ordained in 1849 in Agawam, Mass. ; 
afterwards settled in Wales, in Suffield, in Mans- 
field, and in Willington, Conn. ; in Russell, Mass. ; 
in North Sunderland ; in Saybrook, Conn., where 
he is now (1880) laboring ; has served efficiently on 
school boards ; been moderator and clerk of Asso- 
ciations ; served on board of trustees of Connecti- 
cut Literary Institution ; has a son, Julius B.,born 
in Lebanon, Conn., in 1842; graduated at Newton 
Theological Seminary in 1873 ; settled at Milford, 
Mass., and now (1880) pastor at Fisherville, N. H. 
He is the eighth generation from " John, the Puri- 
tan." 

Robinson, Prof. D. H., was born June 24, 1836, 



in Cayuga Co., N. Y. His boyhood and early 
manhood were passed on his father's farm in Cen- 
tral New York ; was converted and joined the 
Weedsport Baptist church in the spring of 1854. 
Ilis ancestors for generations were church mem- 
bers, mostly Presbyterians, running back to John 
Robinson, the famous Puritan pastor ; prepared 
for college at Elbridge Academy, and entered the 
University of Rochester in 1855, graduating in 
1859 ; chose the profession of teaching as a life- 
work. After teaching several years in high schools 
and academies in New York and Jlichigan, was 
elected, in the summer of 1866, to the professor- 
ship of Ancient Languages and Literature in the 
University of Kansas. This professorship was 
subsequently divided. Prof. Robinson retaining the 
chair of the Latin Language and Literature. The 
institution has grown from a small school of 55 
pupils, the first year, with three professors and a 
very meagre equipment, to a strong, healthy uni- 
versity of 450 students, with fourteen instructors 
and a pretty full apparatus for instruction. 

Robinson, Rey. Edwin True, was born in 

Monroe Co., N. Y., July 24, 1833 ; converted at the 
age of seventeen, and soon afterwards felt himself 
called to the work of the ministry; pursued his 
studies at Hamilton and Rochester, and graduated 
at Rochester Theological Seminary in 1859. In 
May, 1860, was ordained pastor of the Ninth 
church, Cincinnati, 0., where, after a short and 
brilliant ministry of two years, he died July 21, 
1862. 

Mr. Robinson was a man of exceptionally fine 
gifts and gave the largest promise for the future. 
As a preacher he was greatly admired, and as a 
man universally beloved. It was probably his all- 
absorbing devotion to his work which shortened 
his life, and was the cause of the sickness which 
swept him off. His early death was lamented not 
only by the church of which he was pastor, but by 
multitudes of others to whom he had endeared 
himself by his genial Christian character, his elo- 
quence, and his devotion to Christ and the souls of 
men. 

Robinson, Ezekiel Gilman, D.D. (Brown Uni- 
versity, 1853), LL.D. (Brown University, 1872), 
was born at Attleborough, Bristol Co., Mass., 
March 13, 1815. He graduated in 183S at Brown 
University, where he also spent the following year 
as resident graduate. In 1842 he graduated at 
Newton Theological Institution. He was pastor at 
Norfolk, Ya., 1842-45. During eight months of 
this time (being an academic year) he served as 
chaplain at the University of Virginia, having re- 
ceived from the church leave of absence for this 
purpose. He was pastor at Cambridge, Mass., 
1845-46. In 1846 he became Professor of Bibli- 
cal Interpretation in the Western Theological 



ROBINSON 



ROBINSON 



Seminary, Covington, Ky. From 1850 to 1853 he 
was pastor of the Ninth Street church, Cincinnati. 
During all these years he had been steadily grow- 
ing in power and reputation, and when he became 




EZEKIEL OILMAN ROBINSON, D.D. 

Professor of Theology in Rochester Theological 
Seminary in the spring of 1853, the feeling was 
general that the field was the one above all others 
for which his abilities, his acquirements, and his 
mental traits peculiarly fitted him. The resigna- 
tion of Dr. Conant in 1857 left Dr. Robinson the 
senior professor and virtual president, though the 
title of president was not conferred upon him till 
1868. During the nearly twenty years of his con- 
nection with the seminary Dr. Robinson achieved 
a work the arduousness and the influence of which 
cannot easily be overestimated. The increase of 
students, the growth of the library, the enlarge- 
ment of the endowment (chiefly through his per- 
sonal exertions), the addition of new professors, 
the erection of adequate buildings, the extension 
of the course of study from two years to three, and 
above all the accession to the Baptist ministry of 
a large body of men, thoroughly equipped, mighty 
in the Scriptures, full of zeal for the truth and of 
love for God and man, and animated with a lofty 
sense of duty, — these were among the visible results 
of his labors. In 1867-68, Dr. Robinson traveled 
quite extensively in Europe. In 1872 he became 
president of Brown University. In this position 
he has shown not only the high, broad, and exact 
scholarship which had already been universally 
recognized, but also great executive ability and 



power of leadership. The university has advanced 
in all the elements of prosperity, maintaining the 
position which naturally belongs to the oldest Bap- 
tist college in America. As an educator, Dr. Rob- 
inson's power lies not alone in the knowledge 
which he communicates, but in the mental and 
spiritual quickening which he imparts, in the ex- 
ample which is presented to the pupil of logical 
acuteness, of mental independence, of reverent love 
for truth, of loyalty to duty. He has been a pecu- 
liarly wise counselor to those who were of an in- 
quiring disposition, and who were pressing their in- 
quiries in a manner that was perilous to their faith. 
He has not repelled or awed them by the parade of 
authority, but he has pointed out to them the real 
sources of knowledge, and has so wisely guided' 
their inquiries as to lead them to an intelligent 
and well-grounded faith. His labors as an instruc- 
tor have not wholly withdrawn Dr. Robinson from 
the pulpit. His preaching is marked by logical 
power, singular clearness of definition and state- 
ment, directness of appeal to the conscience, a 
vivid presentation of the great facts of religion and 
the great lessons of duty. Dr. Robinson has iiot felt 
that his position as a minister of the gospel made 
it his duty to withdraw himself from all concern in 
public affairs. At critical times in the national 
history, especially when the existence of the 
nation was at stake, his utterances from the plat- 
form and the pulpit have been stirring beyond ex- 
pression, arousing, deepening, and intensifying 
the spirit of patriotism. Dr. Robinson has not 
published largely. His addresses and sermons, 
though the result of intense and careful thought, 
have usually been unwritten in form. Some of 
his sermons and lectures have been reported with 
varying degrees of correctness. His most elabo- 
rate work was the revision of the translation of 
Neander's "Planting and Training of the Church" 
(which, in fact, amounted to a new translation). 
While at Rochester he was for several years the 
editor of the Christian Review, and wrote exten- 
sively for it. 

Kobinson, Jabez, was born in Bedford, West- 
chester Co., N: Y., in 1787 ; converted in early 
life ; united with the Bedford Baptist church ; kept 
afree" Baptist Inn" for preachers and others; given 
to hospitality ; occupied positions of responsibility 
in the church and in civil afiuirs ; was justice of 
the peace for more than thirty years ; was clerk 
of the Bedford church until his death ; a man of 
wide influence ; died full of honors in 1873. 

His brother, Henry Robinson, was born in 1791 ; 
converted early ; member of the Bedford Baptist 
church, a pillar in the church, and a father in 
Israel. 

Robinson, Robert, one of the most eminent 
names in Baptist history, was born at Swaffham, 



ROBINSON 



997 



EOBIXSOX 



Norfolk, England, Oct. 8, 1735. He received for 
a few years excellent instruction at the endowed 
grammar-school at Scarning, Norfolk ; but the 
death of his father compelled him to leave school in 




I 



ROBERT ROBINSOX. 

his fourteenth year. He was bound apprentice in 
Crutched Friars, London, in 1749. Altliough it was 
evident that literary pursuits were much more con- 
genial to him than business, he won the esteem of 
all around him. He kept up his acquaintance with 
the classical languages and French, by early rising, 
and finding time for reading everything that came 
in his way. When in his seventeenth j'ear, he went 
one Sunday evening to hear the celebrated George 
Whitefield, who was then preaching in London. 
The preacher's text was Matt. iii. 7. Writing of 
the event, Robinson says, " Mr. Whitefield described 
the Sadducean character : this did not touch me. 
I thought myself as good a Christian as any man 
in England. From this he went to that of the 
Pharisees. He described their exterior decency, 
but observed that the poison of the viper rankled 
in their hearts. This rather shook me. At length, 
in the course of his sermon, he abruptly broke oflP; 
paused for a few moments; then burst into a flood of 
tears ; lifted up his hands and eyes, and exclaimed, 
' Oh, my hearers, the wrath's to come ! the ivraWs to 
come P These words sank into my heart like lead 
in the waters. I wept, and when the sermon was 
ended, retired alone. For days and weeks I could 
think of little else. Those awful words would fol- 
low me wherever I went." The convictions of sin 
thus aroused held possession of his mind, and be 



obtained no relief until Dec. 10, 1755, when, to use 
his own words, '" he found full and free forgive- 
ness through the precious blood of Jesus Christ." 
Having attained his majority in the autumn of 
1756, his indentures were given up to him, and he 
was free. For some time he remained at his em- 
ployment, associating constantly with Mr. White- 
field's congregation at the Tabernacle. Many of his 
friends thought that he had the qualifications of a 
preacher, but, although he felt strongly drawn 
tow^ards the ministry, he left London without 
making his case known to Mr. AVhitefield, in the 
winter of 1 758, on a visit to his relatives in Norfolk. 
At Mildenhall, in that county, he found "many 
souls awakened who had the Word preached but now 
and then ; we met of evenings to sing and pray and 
speak our experience." At their repeated requests 
he began to preach. From that time his course 
was decided. His reputation as a preacher rapidly 
extended over the whole district, and in the summer 
of 1759 he wrote to Mr. Whitefield from Norwich, 
" We have near forty members in the church which 
I preach to, and many more are desirous of being 
received. We have on the Lord's day se^'eral 
hundred hearers who seem very serious and in- 
quiring the way to Zion. On the week-days we 
have abundance of people to hear. The days I do not 
preach in Norwich the country people frequently 
send for me, and multitudes come to hear, so that 
the preaching-houses will not hold them." Whilst 
preaching in Norwich he had not formally separated 
from the Established Church, any more than White- 
field or Wesley had, and a rich relation promised 
to provide liberally for him if he would leave "the 
Methodists" and enter the ministry of the estab- 
lishment. But he declined the offer, and forfeited 
the favor of his relative by so doing. 

He had not questioned- liitherto the propriety of 
infant baptism, but one day he was invited to the 
christening of a child, and the ceremony being de- 
layed by the absence of the ofiBciating minister, 
one of the company expressed doubts concerning 
the benefit of infant baptism. Mr. Robinson from 
that time investigated the whole subject, and be- 
came convinced that the Scriptures taught only the 
baptism of believers. He was baptized at Elling- 
ham, and soon after left Norwich, accepting an in- 
vitation from the Baptist congregation at Cambridge 
to visit them. He continued preaching to them 
without accepting the pastoral office for nearly two 
years, until May 28, 1761. He was publicly or- 
dained June 11, following. His success in Cam- 
bridge was marvelous. The meeting-house, which 
had been "first a barn, afterwards a stable and 
granary, then a meeting-house, and, notwithstand- 
ing its pews and galleries concealed its meanness 
within-side a little, it was still a damp, dark, cold, 
ruinous, contemptible hovel," became too strait for 



ROBINSON 



ROBINSON 



the audiences which assembled there. Members 
of the university and other hearers who had never 
in their lives entered a Baptist meeting-house, be- 
came regular attendants. In 1764 a new edifice, 
capable of seating 600 persons, was built and paid 
for. AVhilst thus prospering in his ministry in the 
university town, he enlarged the circle of his influ- 
ence by extensive village preaching in the sur- 
rounding country, and wherever he went "the 
common people heard him gladly." In 1774 he 
had a congregation of 600 or 700 persons. His 
popularity occasioned numerous preaching engage- 
ments beyond his own sphere of labor, yet by his 
methodical habits and incredible industry he found 
time for extensive reading, and few years passed 
without some publications from his pen. His 
translations of Saurin's " Sermons" and Claude's 
"Essay on the Composition of a Sermon," in two 
octavo volumes, with copious annotations, are 
widely known. Besides numerous sermons, lec- 
tures, and brief essays in illustration and defense 
of the principles of Nonconformity, he was occu- 
pied for several years with a history of the Baptists, 
undertaken at the suggestion of the Rev. Dr. Gif- 
ford and other prominent members of the denomi- 
nation. The fruit of this study appeared in the 
two volumes of "Ecclesiastical Researches" and 
the "History of Baptism," published after his 
death. Excessive labor, with unhappy complica- 
tions in his private aflfairs, doubtless undermined 
his constitution and hastened his death, which took 
place suddenly June 8, 1790, in his fifty-fifth year. 
The later period of Robinson's life was clouded not 
only by private sorrows, but also by his aberration 
from orthodoxy, and the consequent withdrawal 
from him of many attached friends and brother 
ministers. His enthusiastic devotion to liberty, 
civil and ecclesiastical, attracted to hiin many per- 
sons of skeptical opinions, whose influence was in- 
jurious to his spiritual health. His most recent 
biographer, the late Rev. William Robinson, also a 
pastor of the church at Cambridge, says in a me- 
moir published in the " Bunyan Library" (London, 
1861), " He was one of the most decided Unitarians 
of the age, but never a mere Humanitarian. No 
man has the right to call him either Socinian or 
Arian. lie held apparently the indwelling hypoth- 
esis to the end of his life, but became vague and 
confused in its application. He was like a noble 
vessel broken from its moorings and drifting out to 
sea amidst fogs and rocks without a compass or a 
rudder." His mind may have been somewhat im- 
paired in his later years. A current tradition re- 
ports that on one occasion when he was preaching 
from home his two well-known hymns were sung, 
"Mighty God, while angels bless thee," and 
" Come, thou fount of every blessing." After the 
service he expressed very strongly his wish that he 



could feel as he did when he wi-ote them. A me- 
moir of Robinson by Mr. George Dyer was pub- 
lished in 1796, and another by Mr. Benjamin 
Flower in 1804, but the most complete and trust- 
worthy account of this remarkably gifted man was 
given by the late Rev. W. Robinson in the volume 
referred to above, in which are interesting extracts 
from the church book, from Robinson's own hand, 
and a large collection of his letters arranged chron- 
ologically, together with selections characteristic 
of his genius from several of his works, including 
" The History and the Mystery of Good-Friday," 
" A Sermon on a Becoming Behavior in Religious 
Assemblies," " Morning Exercises," etc. It is well 
known that the celebrated Robert Hall succeeded 
Robinson as pastor of the church at Cambridge. 
Soon after his coming he was shown the copy of an 
epitaph which it was proposed to inscribe on a tab- 
let in the meeting-house at Birmingham where Mr. 
Robinson last preached. Dissatisfied with the in- 
scription proposed. Hall consented to write a sub- 
stitute, and produced the following choice eulo- 
gium : " Saci-ed to the memory of the Rev. Robert 
Robinson, of Cambridge, the intrepid champion of 
liberty, civil and religious. Endowed with a genius 
brilliant and penetrating, united to an indefatigable 
industry, his mind was richly furnished with an 
inexhaustible variety of knowledge, his eloquence 
was the delight of ev^ry public assembly and his 
conversation the charm of every private circle. In 
him the erudition of the Scholar, the discrimina- 
tion of the Historian, and the boldness of the Re- 
former were united in an eminent degree with the 
virtues which adorn the Man and the Christian, 
He died at Birmingham on the 8th of June, 1790, 
aged 54 years, and was buried near this spot." 

Robinson, Rev. Samuel, was born, in 1801, in 

Ireland; settled in Charlotte Co., New Brunswick, 
in 1830. Rev. Thomas Ainslie, who evangelized 
there about that time, saw the young Irishman, and 
intimated that God designed him for a Baptist min- 
ister. He was baptized in 1831 by Mr. Ainslie; 
ordained pastor at St. George, New Brunswick, 
Aug. 4, 1832 ; became, in 1838, pastor of the Bap- 
tist church, Germain Street, St. John, and subse- 
quently pastor of Brussels Street church, and con- 
tinued in this position till he died, Sept. 19, 1866. 

Mr. Robinson's ministry was a power in St. John, 
and, indeed, in New Brunswick. He was distin- 
guished for urbanity, administrative ability, symp- 
athy, tact, indomitable energy, and successful 
work. 

Robinson, Rev. William, late of Cambridge, 
England, was commended to the authorities of the 
Bristol College in 1826, as a student for the min- 
istry, by the Baptist church at Dunstable. After 
a full course of study he received, in 1830, an in- 
vitation to the church at Kettering, a church which, 



ROBY 



999 



ROCHESTER 



\ 



through its connection with the Missionary Society 
and Andrew Fuller, held a conspicuous position in 
the denomination. But the young pastor soon 
proved his fitness, and during the twenty-two years 
of his ministry at Kettering his reputation as a 
scholarly and able minister was fully established. 
In 1851 he accepted the call of the church at Cam- 
bridge, and for twenty-two years more ministered 
in the pulpit formerly occupied by those far-famed 
preachers, Robert Robinson and Robert Hall. lie 
received in 1870 the highest honor the Baptist de- 
nomination in England has to bestow, when he 
was elected president of the Baptist Union, and it 
was a significant token of the esteem in which he 
was held by the public that, when the autumnal 
meeting of the Union took place in Cambridge, the 
Episcopalian heads of several of the colleges of 
the university tendered hospitalities to the dele- 
gates. Mr. Robinson was a man who had the 
courage of his convictions ; but his straightfor- 
ward plain speaking was perfectly blended with 
courtesy and Christian simplicity. Pre-eminently 
an expositor, he was mighty in the Scriptures, and 
even aimed at the nicest accuracy in stating doctrine. 
Ilis studies were not exclusively Biblical or ecclesi- 
astical. Physical science was specially attractive 
to him, one of his last efforts being a review article 
on Lyell's arguments concerning the antiquity of 
man. He died in Iowa, while on a visit to his chil- 
dren settled in that State, in the autumn of 1873. 
He published several pamphlets and a work en- 
titled " Biblical Studies." 

Roby, Z. D., D.D., was bom in North Caro- 
lina, Feb. 9, 1838. Baptized in Georgia in 1855 ; 
ordained at the call of the Second Baptist chui-ch 
of Columbus, Ga., in 1865 ; was pastor of that 
church and the church in Girard, Ala., dividing 
his time between them. In 1868 he removed to 
Salem, Ala., and became pastor there and of neigh- 
boring churches. At the beginning of 1875 he 
accepted the call of the church in Tuskegee, where 
he still resides and labors among an intelligent 
people. The degree of D.D. was conferred on him 
in 1879. Dr. Roby ranks with the best preachers 
in the State. 

Rochester Theological Seminary was founded 

in 1850. Up to this time the only Baptist school 
for literary and theological training in the State 
of New York was Madison University, situated at 
IlamiltoTi. In 1847 many friends of education 
throughout the State, with a view to securing for 
this university a more suitable location and a more 
complete endowment, sought to remove the institu- 
tion to Rochester. This project was opposed by 
friendsof Hamilton, legal obstacles were discovered, 
the question was carried into the courts, and the 
plan of removal was finally abandoned as imprac- 
ticable. Not so, however, the plan of establishing 



a theological seminary and university at Rochester. 
Rev. Pharcellus Church, D.D., and Messrs. John N. 
Wilder and Oren Sage devoted much time and 
energy to awakening public sentiment in behalf 
of the new enterprise. A subscription of $130,000 
was secured for the college. Five professors in 
Hamilton — Drs. Conant and Maginnis of the semi- 
nary, and Drs. Kendrick, Raymond, and Richard- 
son of the university — resigned their places, and 
accepted a call to similar positions in the new insti- 
tutions at Rochester. In November, 1850, classes 
were organized in the Rochester Theological Semi- 
nary as well as in the University of Rochester, 
and instruction was begun in temporary quarters 
secured for the purpose. Many students came 
with their professors from Hamilton. The first 
class graduated from the Theological Seminary 
numbered 7 members, and the first published cata- 
logue, that of 1851-52, enrolls the names of 2 
professors and of 29 students. 

Although the early history of the Seminary was 
intimately connected with that of the University 
of Rochester, and the two institutions at the 
beginning occupied the same building, there has 
never been any organic connection between them, 
either of government or of instruction. While the 
University has devoted itself to the work of general 
college training, the Rochester Theological Semi- 
nary has been essentially a professional school, and 
has aimed exclusively to fit men, by special studies, 
for the work of the ministry. It has admitted only 
college graduates and those who have been able 
successfully to pursue courses of study in connec- 
tion with college graduates. Beginning with the 
two professorships of Theology and of Hebrew, 
it has added professorships of Ecclesiastical His- 
tory, of New Testament Greek, of Homiletics and 
Pastoral Theology, and of Elocution. Besides its 
two original professors, — Rev. Thomas J. Conant, 
D.D., and Rev. John S. Maginnis, D.D.,— it has 
numbered in its faculty the names of John H. 
Raymond, Velona R. Hotchkiss, George W. North- 
rup, Asahel C. Kendrick, R. J. W. Buckland, Ho- 
ratio B. Hackett, William C. Wilkinson, Howard 
Osgood, Wm. Arnold Stevens, T. Ilarwood Pattison, 
and Benjamin 0. True. To Rev. Ezekiel G. Rob- 
inson, D.D., LL.D., however, professor in the semi- 
nary from 1853 to 1872, and from 1868 to 1872 its 
president, the institution probably owes more of 
its character and success than to any other single 
man. His successor in the presidency and in the 
chair of Biblical Theology is Rev. Augustus H. 
Strong, D.D., who has now (1881) for nine years 
held this positioij. 

In 1854 a German department of the Seminary 
was organized. The German Baptist churches of the 
country, which in 1850 were only ten in number, have 
now increased to more than one hundred. This con- 



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stant growth has occasioned a demand for ministers 
with some degree of training. The German depart- 
ment is designed to meet this necessity. In 1858, 
Rev. Augustus Rauschenbusch, D.D., a pupil of Ne- 
ander, was secured to take charge of this work, and 
in 1872, Rev. Hermann M. SchaflFer was chosen as 
liis colleague. The course of studies in the German 
department is four years in length, and being de- 
signed for young men who have had little pre- 
paratory training, is literary as well as theological. 
This course is totally distinct from the regular 
course of the Seminary, which is accomplished in 
three years. 

When the Seminary began its existence it was 
wholly without endowment, and, dependent as it 



erty $653,000. When all subscriptions are paid in 
and its debts are cancelled, the institution is ex- 
pected to have a productive endowment of $450,000, 
an amount sufficient to maintain its operations only 
upon condition that the churches shall continue to 
provide, as they have hitherto done, by annual con- 
tributions for the support of students preparing for 
the ministry. This comparative prosperity of later 
years has been due, under Providence, to the wise 
and liberal gifts of a few tried friends of the sem- 
inary, among whom may be mentioned the names 
of John B. Trevor, of Yonkers, N. Y. ; Jacob F. 
WyckoflF, of New York City ; John D. Rockefeller, 
of Cleveland, 0. ; William Rockefeller, of New 
York ; Charles Pratt, of Brooklyn ; Joseph B. 




TREVOR II.' 



ROCHESTER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARV. 



was upon the churches for means to defray its cur- 
rent expenses as well as to support its beneficiaries, 
the raising of a sufficient endowment in addition 
was a long and arduous work. In fact, it has only 
now, after thirty years of effort, been accomplished. 
The sum first sought to be secured was $75,000. 
This was not obtained until after ten years had 
passed. • In 1868 the funds of the Seminary had 
reached $100,000 ; in 1874, including subscriptions 
of $100,000 yet unpaid, they amounted to $281,- 
000; in 1881, including subscriptions of $179,000 
yet unpaid, they amount to $512,000. Adding to 
this sum the real estate of the Seminary, valued at 
$123,000, its library valued at $32,000, and other 
property to the extent of $6500, the total assets of 
the institution may now be stated as amounting to 
$674,000, from which, however, is to be subtracted 
an indebtedness of $21 ,000, leaving its net prop- 



Hoyt, of Stamford, Conn. ; Charles Siedler, of 
Jersey City, N. J. ; William A. Cauldwell, of New 
York ; Mrs. Eliza A. Witt, of Cleveland, 0. ; Jere- 
miah Milbank, of New York ; and others. 

The Seminary instruction was for some years 
given in the buildings occupied by the University 
of Rochester. In 1869, however, the erection of 
Trevor Hall, at an expense of $42,000, to which 
John B. Trevor, Esq., of Yonkers, Avas the largest 
donor, put the institution for the first time in pos- 
session of suitable dormitory accommodations. 
The gymnasium building, adjoining, erected in 
1874, and costing with grounds $12,000, was also 
a gift of Mr. Trevor. In 1879 Rockefeller Hall, 
costing $38,000, was built by John D. Rockefeller, 
Esq., of Cleveland, 0. It contains a spacious fire- 
proof room for library, as well as lecture-rooms, 
museum, and chapel, and furnishes admirable and 



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ample accommodation for the teaching work of the 
seminary. In addition to these buildings the Ger- 
man Students' Home, purchased in 1874, at a cost 
of $20,000, furnishes a dormitory and boardinji;- 
hall for the German department. 

The library of the seminary is one of ojreat value 
for theological investigation. It embraces the 
whole collection of Neander, the great German 
church historian, which was presented to the sem- 
inary in 1853 by the late Hon. Koswell S. Bur- 
rows, of Albion, N. Y. It also contains in great 
part the exegetical apparatus of the late Dr. Hora- 
tio B. Ilackett. Valuable additions have been 
made to it from the " Bruce Fund" of $25,000, sub- 
scribed in 1872 by John M. Bruce, Esq., of Yonkers, 
and further additions from this source are hoped 
for. The generous subscription in 1879 of $25,000, 
by William Rockefeller, Esq., of New York City, 
has furnished means for extensive enlargement, so 
that the library now numbers over 18,000 volumes, 
and it is well provided in all the various departments 
of theology. In 1880 the " Sherwood Fund," con- 
tributed by the late Rev. Adiel Sherwood, D.D., of 
St. Louis, Mo., furnished the means for beginning 
a Museum of Biblical Geography and Archaeology, 
intended to provide, in object lessons, valuable aids 
for the study of the Holy Land, its customs and 
its physical features. 

Thus the Rochester Theological Seminary has 
grown from small beginnings to assured strength 
and success. Its early years were years of trial 
and financial struggle ; but, founded as it was in 
the prayers and faith of godly men, it has lived to 
justify the hopes of its founders. Of those who 
took a deep interest in its feeble beginnings should 
be mentioned the names of Alfred Bennett, Wil- 
liam R. Williams, Justin A. Smith, Zenas Free- 
man, Alvah Strong, Friend Humphrey, E. E. L. 
Taylor, E. Lathrop, J. S. Backus, B. T. Welch, 
William Phelps, Lemuel C. Paine, H. C. Fish, A. 
B. Capwell, N. W. Benedict, G. C. Baldwin, G. 
D. Boardman, A. R. Pritchard, Henry E. Robins. 
All these have been officers of the New York Bap- 
tist Union for Ministerial Education, or members 
of its board of trustees. The financial manage- 
ment of this board has been such that no loss of 
funds, of any significance, intrusted to its care has 
ever occurred. 

The results of the work of the Seminary can 
never be measured by arithmetic. As its purpose 
has been to make its graduates men of thinking 
ability and of practical force, as well as students 
and preachers of the word of God, it has leavened 
the denomination with its influence, and has done 
much to give an aggressive, independent, manly 
tone to our ministry. The names of some of its 
former students, such as J. H. Castle, J. B. Sim- 
mons, J. V. Schofield, J. D. Fulton, R. J. Adams, 
64 



P. W. Bickel, G. W. Clarke, B. D. Marshall, E. 
Nisbet, E. J. Fish, J. B. Thomas, Galusha Ander- 
son, E. J. Goodspeed. E. G. Taylor, C. D. AV. Bridg- 
man, Norman Fox, G. W. Northrop, A. Kingman 
Nott, J. C. Ilaselhuhn, R. M. Nott, C. B. Crane, J. 
S. Gubelmann, Lemuel Moss, Thomas Rogers, J. C. 
C. Clarke, J. H. Griffith, A. A. Kendrick, Wayland 
Hoyt, A. J. Sage, II. L. Morehouse, Wm. A. 
Stevens, J. W. B. Clark, S. W. Duncan, A. J. 
Rowland, J. F. Elder, T. J. Backus, C. J. Bald- 
win, T. J. Morgan, AVm. T. Stott, W. R. Bene- 
dict, R. S. Macarthur, E. H. Johnson, W. C. P. 
Rhoades, R. B. Hull, A. J. Barrett, 0. P. Gif- 
ford, T. S. Barbour, and many others, are enough 
to show that its training has combined in equal 
proportions the intellectual and the spiritual, the 
theoretical and the practical. During the thirty 
years of the seminary's existence, and up to the 
present year (1881), 745 persons have been con- 
nected with the institution as students, of whom 
590 have attended upon the English and 155 upon 
the German department. Of the 590 in the Eng- 
lish department, 444 have been graduates of col- 
leges, and 54 have pursued partial courses in col- 
leges. Sixty-five different colleges and 42 different 
States and countries have furnished students to 
the seminary. Three hundred and sixty-nine per- 
sons have completed the full three years' course, 
including the study of the Hebrew and Greek 
Scriptures ; 221 have pursued a partial course, or 
have left the seminary before graduating. The 
average number of students sent out each year has 
been 19. The number of students during the last 
seminary year has been 70, of whom 50 were in 
the English department. Of its former students, 
41 have filled the position of president or professor 
in theological seminaries or colleges ; 31 have gone 
abroad as foreign missionaries ; and 25 have been 
missionaries in the AVest ; 20 have been secretaries 
or agents of our benevolent societies; and 4 have 
become editors of religious journals. AVith such 
a record in the past, and in the present more fully 
equipped than ever before for its work, there seems 
to open before the seminary a future of the utmost 
promise. It remains only to state that the Roches- 
ter Theological Seminary is maintained and con- 
trolled by the New York Baptist Union for Minis- 
terial Education, a society composed of contributing 
members of Baptist churches, and that the actual 
government and care of the seminary is in its de- 
tails committed to a board of trustees of thirty- 
three members, eleven of whom are elected by the 
Union annually. The present president of the 
board of trustees is John H. Deane, Esq., of New 
York, and the corresponding secretary is Rev. 
William Elgin, of Rochester, N. Y. 

Rochester, TTniversity of. — This institution is 

situated in Rochester, N. Y., a city of 90,000 in- 



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habitants, on the Genesee River, six miles south of 
Lake Ontario. It has no preparatory department, 
and no organic connection with the flourishing 
theological seminary in the same city ; nor has it 
as yet organized schools of law, medicine, or ap- 
plied science. Its purpose — so far as that purpose 
has been attained — is simply to superinduce upon 
the instruction given in the academy or the high 
school, such broad and generous culture as is essen- 
tial to the successful prosecution of any of the 
learned professions, and indisputably useful to the 
merchant, the farmer, or the mechanic. 



III. The eclectic course, designed for students 
who may desire to receive instruction in particular 
departments without becoming candidates for de- 
grees. Such students are admitted, provided they 
have the requisite preparation for the studies of 
those departments and become subject to the laws 
of the university. This arrangement is intended 
to meet the wants of those whose age or circum- 
stances may prevent them from pursuing either of 
the regular courses, but who are desirous of ob- 
taining the liberal culture which the studies of a 
portion of the course will give them. Special care 




UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER. 



Three courses of study are open to the members 
of the university : 

I. The classical course, extending through four 
years, — at the expiration of which time those who 
have satisfactorily met the requirements of the 
faculty are admitted to the degree of Bachelor of 
Arts. 

II. The scientific course, extending through four 
years, — requiring Latin as essential to the success- 
ful prosecution of the modern languages and the 
mastery of scientific terminology ; but prescribing, 
in tlie place of Greek, a more extended course of 
study in the physical sciences. Those who satis- 
factorily complete this course are admitted to the 
degree of Bachelor of Scievice. 



is taken to give such pupils the instruction which 
they require. 

The number of students in attendance upon the 
university in 1880 was 160, of whom 105 were 
pursuing the classical course, 16 the scientific 
course, 19 the eclectic course, while 21 were special 
students in the department of chemistry. These 
students were distributed into classes as follows : 
Seniors, 30 ; Juniors, 26 ; Sophomores, 32 ; Fresh- 
men, 53. Of the whole number of students, 46 
were from Rochester ; 83 from places in the State 
of New York outside of Rochester ; while the 
remaining 31 were divided among 14 different 
States, a» follows : Pennsylvania, 5 ; Michigan, 4: 
New Jersey, 4 ; Illinois, 4 ; Connecticut, 3 ; Ohio, 



ROCHESTER. 



1003 



ROCHESTER 



3; Maine, Massachusetts, Iowa, Minnesota, Cali- 
fornia, Wisconsin, Kentucky, Georgia, 1 each. 

The faculty of instruction includes the follow- 
ing names, twelve in number : Martin B. An- 
derson, LL.D., President, Burbank Professor of 
Intellectual and Moral Philosophy ; Asahel C. 
Kendrick, D.D., LL.D., Munro Professor of the 
Greek Language and Literature ; Isaac F. Quinby, 
LL.D., Harris Professor of Mathematics and Nat- 
ural Philosophy; Samuel A. Lattimore, Ph.D., 
LL.D., Professor of Chemistry and Curator of the 
€abinets ; Albert II. Mixer, A.M., Professor of 
Modern Languages ; Joseph H. Gilmore, A.M., 
Deane Professor of Logic, Rhetoric, and English 
Literature ; Otis H. Robinson, A.M., Professor of 
Mathematics and Librarian ; "William C. Morey, 
A.M., Professor of Latin and History ; Henry F. 
Burton, A.M., Assistant Professor of Latin ; George 
M. Forbes, A.M., Assistant Professor of Greek ; 
E. R. Benton, Assistant Professor of the Natural 



adorned and well-kept lot, embracing twenty-three 
and a half acres. 

The principal building, Anderson Hall, was 
designed almost exclusively for recitation-rooms, 
although it affords temporary accommodations f ir 
the chapel, cabinets, and chemical laboratory of 
the university, and includes, in the basement, apart- 
ments for the janitor and ample facilities for stor- 
age. It is a severely plain but very substantial 
structure, of brownstone, three stories in height, 
and 150 feet in length by 60 in breadth. The cost 
of the building, which was completed in 1861, was 
$39,000. 

Sibley Hall, the gift of the Hon. Ilirani Sibley, 
of Rochester, is a strictly fire-proof building, de- 
signed for the accommodation of the library, and 
capable of affording shelf-room for 250,000 vol- 
umes. It is 125 feet by 60, with a projection 20 
feet square in the centre of the front, and has only 
two floors, though its walls are 52 feet in height. 




SIBLEY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER. 



Sciences : Herman K. Phinney, A.M., Assistant 
Librarian. 

Notices of President Anderson and several of 
his colleagues will be found in this work, under 
their respective names. 

The buildings of the University of Rochester are 
situated in the eastern part of the city, about a 
mile from the business centre, on a handsomely 



The material is brownstone, with white trim- 
mings ; the style of architecture is somewhat 
ornate ; and the building cost about $100,000. 
The lower story is at present all that is needed for 
the accommodation of the library, and the upper 
story will, it is hoped, soon be fitted up to receive 

! the valuable cabinets of the university. 

i On the university campus there is also a small 



) 



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1004 



ROCHESTER 



building erected for the accommodation of the 
Trevor telescope, — an instrument designed mainly 
for use as an adjunct to class-room instruction, 
though sufficiently powerful for purposes of special 
investigation. And, but a few steps from the 
campus, on a plot of ground four acres in extent, 
is the president's house, which was presented to 
the university by the citizens of Rochester and 
others in 1868. 

The library of the university has been acquired 
mainly by purchase, and includes few duplicates, 
and still fewer trashy and ephemeral publications. 
It contains more than 18,000 volumes, and espe- 
cial care is taken to make its contents practically 
available by a card catalogue, and by indexes of 
periodical and of miscellaneous literature, all of 
which are constantly kept up to date, and accessi- 
ble to every student. Provision is made for the 
annual increase of the library by a fund of $50,000, 
which was presented to the university by Gen. John 
F. Rathhone and Lewis Rathbone, of Albany. 

The cabinets of geology and mineralogy were 
collected by Prof. Henry A. Ward during ten 
years of extensive foreign travel and during many 
careful visits to the most fruitful American locali- 
ties. They were purchased by the citizens of 
Rochester, in 1862, for $20,000 (a sum far less 
than their present estimated value), and presented 
to the university. Dr. Torrey, of Columbia Col- 
lege, says that " no geological cabinet in the 
United States can compare, in magnitude and 
value, with this ;" and that the mineralogical cab- 
inet, "although it is not the best in the United 
States, is excelled by very few, and is admirably 
selected for the purpose of instruction." "For 
fullness and perfection of specimens," says Presi- 
dent Loomis, of Lcwisburg, "it is superior to any 
cabinet that I have ever seen." Prof. Silliman 
(Jr.) characterizes it as "the most extensive geo- 
logical museum in the United States," and pre- 
dicts that " it will ultimately attract students from 
all parts of the country," — a prediction which is 
already realized. Similar opinions have been ex- 
pressed by Prof. Hitchcock (Sr.), President Win- 
chell, and Profs. Agassiz, Hall, and Orton. 

The value of the unproductive property of the uni- 
versity (including land, buildings, library, cabinets, 
and apparatus) was, in June, 1881, $408,405.05. 
The interest-bearing funds were, at the same date, 
$435,007.15. The expenses of the university for the 
year ending June 5, 1881, were $30,616.34. Its 
receipts from students' tuition were $5485 ; from 
other sources, $28,121.34; making a total of 
$33,507.83, — being an excess of income over ex- 
penses, for the last academic year, of $2891.49. 

The university year begins twelve weeks after 
commencement-day. which occurs on the second 
Wednesday before the first of July, and is divided 



into three terms. Each student is charged, for tuition 
and incidentals, $25 a term. Forty scholarships, 
yielding free tuition, are, however, set apart for 
candidates for the Baptist ministry, twelve similar 
scholarships for graduates of the Rochester city 
schools, four similar scholarships (endowed) for 
graduates of the Brockport State Normal School, 
and six similar scholarships (endowed) for indi- 
gent students who fall under neither of these cate- 
gories. The university also has a fund of $50,000 
(the gift of John H. Deane, Esq., of New York), 
the interest of which is available for the assistance 
of the sons of Baptist ministers,— preference being 
given, other things being equal, to students from 
the States of New York and New Jersey. In 
point of fact, tuition is remitted to every student 
of promise who really needs such remission, and 
the number of tiiose who do need it is about one- 
third the whole number in attendance. The uni- 
versity also distributes about $300 a year in prizes, 
the most important of which is the Stoddard medal, 
valued at $100, for proficiency in mathematics; 
and there are, in addition, two post-graduate schol- 
arships, — the Sherman scholarship in the depart- 
ment of political economy, and the Townsend 
scholarship in the department of constitutional 
law, — each of which yields, to some member of 
the graduating class, $300. 

The University of Rochester has no " dormi- 
tories," its custodians regarding them as of ques- 
tionable value so far as economy is concerned, and 
a positive detriment to the student physically, 
morally, and intellectually. In a city of the size 
of Rochester it is not difficult for the university to 
find suitable accommodations for its students in 
Christian homes ; and they are taught to regard 
themselves as members of the community in which 
they temporarily reside, subject to its laws and 
amenable to its usages. The price which the indi- 
vidual student pays for room and board varies from 
$3 to $6 per week, making his total expense, on 
this account, for the forty weeks during which the 
college is in session fall between $120 and $240 a 
year. The students of the university are addicted 
to no expensive amusements, and are, as a rule, 
economical in their habits. Some of them, no 
doubt, with the help of free tuition, get through 
the year for $250 apiece ; and the faculty would 
regard $500 as a liberal allowance for any one of 
them. Meanwhile, students for the ministry re- 
ceive aid — in some cases to the amount of $100 a 
year — from the " Union for Ministerial Education ;" 
and in a city whose industries are so numerous and 
varied as those of Rochester, frequent opportunities 
for remunerative employment that will not seriously 
interfere with one's studies present themselves. 

The discipline of the university, which is ad- 
ministered by the president, is that of the family 



ROCHESTER 



1005 



ROCHESTER 



rather than that of the police station. Young 
men are put, as far as possible, upon their honor, 
and encouraged to become, in a high and noble 
sense, a law unto themselves. They are encour- 
aged fully to communicate with the members of 
the faculty upon all matters connected with their 
intellectual and religious culture, as well as with 
reference to their pecuniary difficulties, their plans 
and purposes. The necessity for discipline is thus 
very largely forestalled by establishing, in place of 
the time-honored antagonism between teacher and 
pupils, relations of personal friendship wliich will 
enable the instructor to exert a constant influence 
for good. 

The discipline, as well as the instruction of the 
university, is facilitated by the fact that it has no 
"tutors" or "'instructors;'' that each student, so 
soon as he enters the university, is brought in per- 
sonal contact with men who have made the disci- 
pline and training of youth a life-study. The 
time-honored American college course — a distinc- 
tive outgrowth of American society, which has 
pi'oved its usefulness too conclusively to be lightly 
set aside — forms the basis of instruction in the 
university ; but the course is, in accordance with 
the demands of the times, enlarged in the direction 
of the modern languages and the physical sciences, 
and is subject to some variation, to adapt it better 
to the wants of the individual student during the 
Junior and Senior years. Special encouragement 
is given to the best men in each class to pursue 
extra studies under the immediate supervision of 
the Faculty ; and many of the students, in this 
way, practically add a fifth year to their under- 
graduate coui'se. Great freedom of discussion 
is permitted in the class-room, and the utmost 
pains is taken in every department of instruction 
to trace the growth of principles and the bearing 
of conflicting opinions on the vital questions of the 
present day. It is a definite purpose with the 
■corps of instructors not merely to store the mind 
with facts, but to develop the capacity to accumu- 
late and co-ordinate facts, and give expression to 
the principles which underlie them. Their para- 
mount object, however, is to fit the students in- 
trusted to their charge, morally as well as intel- 
lectually, to acquit themselves as men in any station 
that they may be calle'd to fill ; and it is believed 
that the graduates of the University of Rochester, 
wherever they are found, evince an independence 
of thought, a breadth of culture, and an adapta- 
tion to the exigencies of practical life with which 
college graduates are not, as a class, accredited. 

It is necessary to supplement the cursory view 
that has been taken of the Univei'sity of Rochester 
as it is, by an outline sketch of its history, which 
will still further illustrate its distinctive character. 

As (early as 1820 the Baptists of the State of 



New York established at Hamilton, in Madison 
County, an institution of learning which " had 
one object exclusively, namely, to furnish means 
for the education of young men who shall give 
evidence of a call to the Christian ministry." The 
object and methods of instruction at Hamilton 
gradually broadened in the lapse of time, but not 
to a degree commensurate with the growing inter- 
ests of the New York Baptists in general, as dis- 
tinguished from distinctively ministerial, education. 
Meanwhile, objection was made to Hamilton as an 
unsuitable site for such a college as the Baptists of 
New York would inevitably demand, and attention 
was called to the fact that west of Cayuga Bridge 
there was a large section of the State — populous, 
intelligent, wealthy, and rapidly being brought 
into railroad communication with Pennsylvania, 
Canada, and the great West — which was utterly 
destitute of collegiate facilities. 

The result was a determined effort, which took 
definite shape in 1847, to remove Madison Uni- 
versity to Rochester, give to its course of study a 
broader and more generous character, and secure 
for it an adequate endowment. Into the heated 
controversy between the friends and opponents of 
removal to which this proposition ^ave rise it is 
not necessary or desirable to go. The removal of 
Madison University to Rochester was authorized 
by the Legislature of the State, voted by its board 
of trustees, and approved by a large convention of 
New York Baptists assembled at Albany in 1849. 
Legal hindrances were, however, thrown in the 
way of the desired change, and the advocates of 
removal made application to " the Regents of the 
University of the State of New York" for a charter 
for a new college at Rochester. This application 
was granted Jan. 31, 1850, subject to the proviso 
that §130,000 be raised for the new college within 
two years. On the 2d of December, in the same 
year, satisfactory proof was submitted to the regents 
that this provision had beeti complied with ; and, 
Feb. 14, 1851, the regents issued that charter under 
which the university is now organized. 

This charter did not vest the control of the uni- 
versity in any religious denomination. It simply 
created a self-perpetuating board of trustees, — 
twenty-four in number, — who hold office for life, 
but may be removed, by vote of their associates, 
for non-attendance at five successive annual meet- 
ings. Twenty of the trustees named in the charter 
■were Baptists, and the Baptists have thus main- 
tained an effective control over the university. 
Different religious denominations have always, 
however, been represented in its board of trustees 
and faculty of instruction ; and Methodists, Presby- 
terians, Episcopalians, Romanists, and Jews meet 
on an equal footing with Baptists in its chapel and 
recitation-rooms. 



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It must not be inferred that either the legal 
fruardians of the University of Rochester or its corps 
of instructors regard with indifference any of the 
truths inculcated in the Christian Scriptures. They 
simply feel that the college class-room is no place 
for the discussion of those truths respecting which 
Cliristians themselves are unhappily divided; that 
the true aim of a denominational college is not to 
proselyte, but to protect. Instruction is given in 
every department from a Christian stand-point, 
and in a Christian spirit; and it is the aim of the 
faculty, in connection with the discipline of the 
intellect, to inculcate a pure morality and those 
truths and duties respecting which all evangelical 
Christians are agreed. The students, whatever 
their religious proclivities, are expected to attend 
morning prayers in the university chapel, and at- 
tendance upon that exercise is, in point of fact, as 
regular as at any other. 

The University of Rochester was organizea, under 
the provisional charter granted by tiie regents, on 
the first Monday in November, 1850, having at- 
tracted to itself five professors — Thomas J. Conant, 
John S. Maginnis, A. C. Kendrick, John H. Ray- 
mond, John F. Richardson — and a considerable 
number of students from the older institution at 
Hamilton. The first catalogue reported 8 instruc- 
tors and 71 pupils; and in July, 1851, it gradu- 
ated its first class of 10. In 1853, Martin B. An- 
derson, LL.D., assumed the presidency of the new 
institution, and its ultimate success was from that 
time assured. Still, it has passed through many 
periods of adversity, during which its very exist- 
ence seemed imperiled ; and those periods of ad- 
versity have corresponded very closely to our 
periods of national depression and gloom. In 
1856, when the university was but six years old, 
its students numbered 163, and it seemed destined 
speedily to take rank with institutions that could 
boast of a century's growth. Then came the finan- 
cial crisis of 1857, attended by pecuniary embar- 
rassment for the university, and a diminution of 
its Freshman class from 47 in 1856 to 28 in 1858. 
In 1860 the university seemed to have measurably 
recovered its lost ground. The entering class num- 
bered 45, and the whole number of students was 
168. Then came the civil war. The first two 
years' regiment raised in New York to recruit the 
Union army was raised and commanded by Pro- 
fessor (afterwards General) Quinby. Of the 198 
alumni of the university (including the class of 
1861), 25, or about one in eight, entered the service, 
and these were speedily joined by 29 of the lower 
classmen. Three undergraduate members of the 
university and seven of its alumni died of wounds 
or disease in the service of their country, and their 
names are commemorated by a memorial tablet in 
the' university chapel. So far as is known, only 



one graduate of the university entered the Confed- 
erate army ; and he was faithful to the cause that 
he espoused, and sealed his devotion by his death. 
Not only were the classes of the university, but the 
classes of the preparatory schools on which it 
relied for students, thus depleted by the civil war^ 
and a tendency was developed among the young 
men of the country towards active rather than 
student life, which has hardly yet been outgrown. 
As a natural consequence, the entering class fell 
as low as 19 (in 1864), and the whole number of 
students as low as 100 (in 1866). With the return 
of peace there was a gradual increase in the num- 
ber of students, however, until, in 1873, the Fresh- 
man class included 53, and the whole number of 
students in attendance was 173. It was not long 
before the financial distress of the nation again in- 
terfered with the pecuniary prosperity of the uni- 
versity, and sensibly diminished the number of its 
students, who, in 1878, were only 146, though there 
are cheering indications of returning prosperity. 

During all these vicissitudes the University of 
Rochester has been sustained by the devotion of 
its noble-hearted president, supported by a body 
of friends and benefactors of whom any institu- 
tion of learning might well be proud. Prominent 
among the early friends of the university stood 
John N. Wilder, Pharcellus Church, and Oren 
Sage, of Rochester ; William L. Marcy, Ira Harris, 
and Friend Humphrey, of Albany ; William R. 
Williams, Sewall S. Cutting, and Robert and Wil- 
liam Kelley, of New York. With these names may 
properly be associated that of William N. Sage, 
who has from the first had charge of the finances 
of the university, and has contributed more efii- 
ciently to its success than any other man save its 
first and only president. The names of the prin- 
cipal pecuniary benefactors of the university may 
be ascertained fi'om the following list, which in- 
cludes the names of all persons who have sub- 
scribed $10,000 or more to its funds. The sums 
affixed to their respective names are all the eulogy 
they require: Hon. Hiram Sibley (library build- 
ing), f 102,000; John B. Trevor, $113,000; John 
H. Deane, $100,000; Hon. William Kelley and 
family, $38,550 ; Gen. John F. Rathbone (library 
fund), $42,575 ; Tracy H. Harris (chair of Math- 
ematics), $30,250; Joseph B. Hoyt, $27,600; 
Charles Pratt, $25,500 ; Jeremiah Millbank, 
$25,000 ; John D. Rockefeller, $25,000 ; State of 
New York (Anderson Hall), $25,000; Jacob F. 
AVyckoff", $22,000; James B. Colgate, $20,000: 
Gideon W. Burbank (chair of Metaphysics), $17.- 
500; Lewis Rathbone (library fund), $12,500: 
Deacon Oren Sage and family, $11,765; Lewis 
Roberts, $10,925; John N. Wilder, $10,000; Hon. 
Azariah Boody (land), $10,000. 

The number of students who since the organiza- 



ROCHESTER 



1007 



ROCKWELL 



tion of the university have completed the classical 
course and received the degree of A.B. is 707. The 
number who have completed the scientific course 
and received the degree of B.S. is 39. The whole 
number of graduates, down to and including 1881, 
is 746. Of the graduates of the university, 181 had, 
in 1878, entered the Christian ministry, including 
such men as the lamented Kingman Nott ; Bridge- 
man, MacArthur, and Hull, of New York; Crane, 
of Boston ; Fulton, of Brooklyn ; Goodspeed, of 
Chicago ; Sage, of Hartford ; Telford, Chilcott, and 
Kreyer, of China ; -Jameson, of Bassein ; and Com- 
fort, of Assam. One hundred and nineteen (repre- 
sented by such men as Judge Bailey, of the Appellate 
Court of Illinois ; -Judge Tourgee, of the Superior 
Court of North Carolina; Judge Macomber, of the 
Supreme Court of New York) had studied law ; 
19 had studied medicine; IS (including such names 
as Manton Marble, Joseph O'Connor, and Rossiter 
Johnson) had attained to a prominent position as 
journalists ; 90 — or nearly one in seven of the en- 
tire number of graduates — had, as professional 
teachers, transmitted the spirit and methods of the 
University of Rochester to other institutions of 
learning. Among them we may mention Prof. S. 
H. Carpenter, LL.D., of the University of Wiscon- 
sin ; President A. A. Brooks, of Goliad College, 
Texas; President Lemuel Moss, D.D., of the Uni- 
versity of Indiana; President Galusha Anderson, 
D.D., and Prof. A. J. Howe, of the University of 
Chicago ; President Sylvanus Taft, of California 
College; Prof. Wm. C. Wilkinson, D.D., of the 
Rochester Theological Seminary ; Prof Wm, Wirt 
Fay, of the United States Naval Academy ; Prof. 
Wm. Harkness, of the United States Naval Obser- 
vatory ; Prof -John C. C. Clarke, of Shurtleff Col- 
lege ; Prof Norman Robinson, of Bethel College, 
Ky. ; Prof Norman Fox, of William -Jewell Col- 
lege, Mo. ; Prof D. II. Robinson, of the University 
of Kansas; Prof. -John C. Overhiser, of the Brook- 
lyn Polytechnic Institute ; Profs. Otis H. Robinson 
and William C. Morey, of the University of Roch- 
ester ; Prof. Truman .J. Backus, of Vassar College ; 
Prof. Carl T. Kreyer, of Kau-Chang Miau College, 
China; Prof Albert T. Barrett, of Mary Sharpe 
College, Tenn. ; Principal Malcolm McVicar, LL.D., 
of the Potsdam (N. Y.) Normal School ; Principal 
William J. Milne, of the Geneseo (N. Y.) Normal 
School ; Principal F. B. Palmer, of the Fredonia 
(N. Y.) Normal School ; Prof. Frank S. Capen, of 
the Cortland (N. Y.) Normal School ; Principal A. 
C. Winters, of Cook Academy ; Principal Merrill 
E. Gates, of the Albany Academy. 

About one-third of the graduates of the Univer- 
sity of Rochester have, it will be seen, devoted 
themselves to active rather than professional life, — 
a fact which abundantly vindicates the wisdom of 
its founders when they recognized the demand for 



a college that should educate its students as men, 
rather than as ministers, doctors, or lawyers in 
embryo ; and make equal provision for the sons of 
the rich and the sons of the poor. To such men 
as the Hon. Henry Strong, of Chicago ; the Hon. 
Moreau S. Crosby, of Grand Rapids ; Isaac E. 
Sheldon, of New York; Edwin 0. Sage, of Roch- 
ester : Lieut. -Col. Elwell S. Otis, of the U. S. army ; 

i AVilliam H. Harris, of Cleveland ; George F. and 
William H. Davis, of Cincinnati, the university 
points in exe!uplification of the practical benefits 
of the culture she affords. Upon theni she con- 
fidently relies for the means to do more and better 
work in the future than she has done in the past. 

Kockefeller, John D., a resident of Cleveland, 
0., and one of the most successful business men 
of the day, began life with few advantages save 
honesty of purpose and a determined Christian 
character. With a small capital he commenced 

I business, and now the company of which he is the 
head employs thousands of men, and as a result of 
his skill and economy Mr. Rockefeller has amassed 
for himself a very considerable fortune. 

In his business success, however, Mr. Rocke- 
feller has not forgotten his obligations to God. He 
has been for years a most fiiithful and valued mem- 
ber of the Euclid Avenue Baptist church of Cleve- 
land, and has given large sums to this body, to 
missionary and other benevolent societies, and to 
educational institutions. One of his latest and 
most princely acts of beneficence was the presenta- 
tion to Rochester Theological Seminary, at a cost of 
about §40,000, of a new buihling for lecture-rooms, 
library, and chapel, which, in grateful recognition 
of his services, has been called Rockefeller Hall. 
Mr. Rockefeller is in the prime of life, and is con- 
stantly proving himself a " good steward"' for the 
Master of souls. 

Rockwell, Rev. Cortland Butler, the pastor of 
the Baptist church in Merton, Wis., was born in New 
London, Conn., Nov. 10, 1841. Here he spent his 
early life until about nine years of age, when his 
father's family removed to Rome, Bradford Co., Pa. 
Eight years afterwards he returned with his parents 
to his native city. He obtained a hope in Christ 
in 1854, and the same year united with the Baptist 
church in Rome, Pa. At the breaking out of the 
war, in 1861, he entered the U. S. navy, and served 
in the position of paymaster's steward, on board 
the U. S. sloop " Granite," for a term of three years. 
Mr. Rockwell's conviction that he was called to 
preach the gospel began soon after his conversion, 
and it was only after a struggle extending through 
years that he became obedient to the call of God. 
In October, 1867, when twenty-six years of age. he 
was licensed by the Second Baptist church in New 

I London to preach the gospel. Having received a 

I call to the pastorate of the Baptist church in War- 



ROCKWOOD 



1008 



ROGERS 



renville, in the town of Ashford, Windham Co., 
Conn., he was ordained by that church Dec. 3, 1868. 
He was subsequently pastor of Second Woodstock, 
Eastford, Union, Plainfield, and East Killingly, 
Conn, In 1879, having received a call from the 
Baptist church in Merton, Wis., he accepted, and 
removed to Merton, where he now labors. While 
in Windham Co., Conn., he was a member of the 
Legislature one year from the town of Eastford. 
Mr. Rockwell's ministry has been marked by suc- 
cess. The churches have been strengthened and 
many souls led to Christ under his labors. 

Rockwood, Rev. Edwin J., was born in Rem- 
sen, Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. 25, 1835 ; baptized in 
May, 1852. He was educated at Rochester Uni- 
versity, graduating with honors. He was ordained 
at Waterloo, N. Y., Nov. 17, 1863. From Water- 
loo he removed West. He was pastor of the Bap- 
tist churches in Sioux City and Logan, Iowa, Bel- 
levue and Hastings, Neb. At the present time he 
is preaching to the Glenville Baptist church. Mr. 
Rockwood has labored for years under great disad- 
vantage, on account of failing health. 

Roe, Charles Hill, D.D., who died at Belvidere, 
111., June 20, 1872, was a native of King's County, 
Ireland, where he was born Jan. 6, 1800. He was 
the son of a clergyman of the Established Church, 
and was educated by his father in English and 
classical studies, with a view to a course at Trinity 
College, Dublin, and to orders in the English 
Church. When he was fourteen years of age his 
father died, and the plan of study thus made for 
him was interrupted. Through the instrumental- 
ity of an Irish Baptist minister he was converted, 
and became a Baptist. In 1822 lie entered Horton 
College, Bradford, Yorkshire, England, then under 
the presidency of Dr. Steadman. Having com- 
pleted his course there, he became pastor of the 
church at Middleton, a daughter of Dr. Steadman 
having become his wife. With the work of this 
pastorate he associated extensive preaching tours 
in the surrounding country. This service brought 
him so much in contact with the destitution of 
right religious teaching as to interest him greatly 
in the aims and measures of the English Baptist 
Home Mission Society. In 1834 he became secre- 
tary of that organization, and remained in that 
office until 1842, when he became pastor of an im- 
portant church in Birmingham. Here, as in former 
spheres of service, his labors were richly blessed. 
He was a co-laborer in Birmingham with the well- 
known John Angell James, who, in his book enti- 
tled '• Nonconformity in Birmingham," speaks of 
the 700 new members added to the church under 
Mr. Roe's ministry, of the 1200 children in the 
Sunday-school, and of the various organizations of 
Christian labor which had been formed under his 
guidance. 



In 1851, Mr. Roe came to this country, and, 
after a brief stay in New York and Milwaukee, 
settled in Belvidere, III., as pastor of the Baptist 
church there. Here, again, his work was fruitful, 
and the church grew not only in numbers but in 
spirituality. During the war he was for a portion 
of the time chaplain of a regiment. He also, later, 
visited England in behalf of the educational work 
among the freedmen. Upon his return to this 
country he served two years as pastor at Wau- 
kesha, Wis., succeeding Dr. Robert Boyd. Two 
years subsequently were spent in the service of 
the University of Chicago, of which he was one of 
the founders, and with this his public life ended, the 
final close coming soon after. The funeral at Bel- 
videre was very largely attended, the sermon being 
by Dr. J. C. Burroughs, who was followed in an 
address by Gen. S. A. Ilulburt, Gen. A. C. Fuller, 
and other eminent citizens of Illinois. 

Dr. Roe, while beloved for his Christian virtues, 
and as a spiritual, eloquent preacher, was honored 
by all classes of men for his sterling manhood. In 
both England and the United States he stood among 
the stalwart men, and achieved a work whose fruits, 
in the long succession of seed-sowing and harvest, 
must be permanent. 

Rogers, Rev. John, was bom in Ireland, of 
English parentage, in November, 1783. He was 
converted in his seventeentli year, and joined the 
Presbyterian Church, of which his parents were 
members. He was educated for the ministry in 
Edinburgh, Scotland, and became pastor of an In- 
dependent church near Belfast in 1807. At his 
first baptism his mind became unsettled on tliat 
and kindred topics, and, after a long investigation, 
he embraced the views of the Baptists, and Ciin- 
didly informed his people that he could not admin- 
ister the ordinances according to their mode. The 
church invited him to remain, and exchange with 
other ministers when those rites were to be ad- 
ministered. In 1811 he was baptized by Rev. Mr. 
Cook, and resigned his charge. Six weeks after- 
wards he baptized his wife. Some other members 
of the church also changed their views. He in- 
tended to come to the United States, but the war 
detained him until 1816. Soon after reaching New 
York he attended an Association in New Jersey, 
which led to his settlement with the church at New 
Mills (now Pemborton), where for thirteen years he 
ministered, greatly to the increase and efficiency of 
the church. In 1829 he accepted a call from Scotch 
Plains, where he remained twelve years, during 
which there were two powerful revivals. After a 
few years' pastorate at Perth Amboy he removed to 
Paterson, where he "fell asleep," Aug. 30, 1849. 

One who knew him well has described IMr. 
Rogers as kind, courteous, hospitable, free-hearted, 
an excellent sympathetic pastor, an instructive 



ROGERS 



1009 



ROGERS 



preacher, an able divine. He was a warm advo- 
cate and supporter of missionary movements. He 
always maintained the dignity of a man, a Chris- 
tian, and a minister. His son, A. W. Rogers, 
M.D., still living in Paterson, N. J., is not only a 
useful and beloved physician, but is a licensed 
preacher, and a liberal giver to the cause of God. 

Rogers, Rev. John, was for a time rector of 
Purleigh, in England, during the Parliamentary 
war, then lecturer in the church of St. Thomas 
the Apostle, in London, and subsequently minister 
of Ciirist's church, Dublin, a building containing 
the remains and monument of the celebrated 
Strongbow, and attended, during the ministry of 
Thomas Patient and John Rogers, by the dite 
of English society in Ireland. Mr. Rogers was a 
Baptist. His wife, whom he married in 1649, was 
the daughter of Sir Robert Paine, of Huntingdon- 
shire. Mr. Rogers adopted the principles of the 
Fifth-Monarchy men, and he became very unfriendly 
to Cromwell's government. He was a pupular 
speaker, with many friends, and with a dangerous 
candor in expressing his sentiments. lie would 
utter petitions like this in his public prayers: ''0 
Lord! hasten the time when all absolute power 
shall be devolved into the hands of Christ ; when 
we shall have no lord protector but our Lord 
Jesus Christ, the only true protector and defender 
of the faith ;" and he would publish such doctrines 
by the printing-press. The result was the impris- 
onment of the bold Baptist. It could not be other- 
wise in the case of a man possessed of such influ- 
ence. Cromwell's order to the officer Avho arrested 
him ran : " Sir, I desire you to seize Maj.-Gen. 
Harrison, Mr. Carew, Portman, and such as are 
eminent Fifth-Monarchy men, especially Feake 
and Rogers: do it speedily, and you shall have a 
warrant after you have done." The form of this 
order shows the powerful influence wielded by the 
two Baptist ministers, and it proves that they had 
inspired the great Protector with alarm. Brook 
says, "After Cromwell had deserted these sec- 
taries, he took umbrage at the great popularity 
and enterprising spirit of Rogers ; and was little 
less apprehensive of Feake, who was also regarded 
as a lender of that party."* Mr. Rogers was the 
author of several works. These were issued in a 
thick quarto in 1653. 

Rogers, Rev. Peter, son of Peter, a descendant 
of John, the martyr, was born in New London, 
Conn., in 1754. In the early part of the Revolu- 
tion he served on a privateer, later he entered the 
army, and won distinction in the Washington Life- 
Guard. In March, 1790, he was ordained pastor 
of the Baptist church in Bozrah, Conn. His first 



Brook's Lives of the Puritans, iii. 327, 328. Loudon, 1813. 
nns's Early English Baplists, ii. 214. London, 1S46. 



wife was Miss Green, his second was the daughter 
of Rev. Zadoc Darrow, of Waterford, Conn. He 
died in Illinois in 1849, in the ninety-sixth year 
of his age, and the sixtieth of his ministry. 

Rogers, Lieut. Robert, was born in Newport, 
R. I., April 19, 1758. Converted at the age of six- 
teen, he joined the First Baptist church in Provi- 
dence. He was a graduate of Brown University 
in the class of 1775, and a member of the corpora- 
tion for nearlj' forty-nine years. He was connected 
with the American army as a lieutenant, and fought 
for the liberty of his country during the Revolu- 
tionary war. On leaving his military life, he de- 
voted himself to studies congenial with his tastes. 
and conducted for many years, in his native town, 
a classical school of a very high character. He w;is 
intimately connected with the Redwood Library, 
as its secretary, treasurer, and librarian. He was 
a most devoted member of the church. Respected 
and beloved in the community in which he had so 
long lived, he died Aug. 5, 1835. 

Rogers, William, D.D., was bom in Newport, 
R. I., July 22, 1751. It is stated that he was the 
first, and for several days the only student of Rhode 
Island College. . He was then but fourteen years 
of age. He graduated in 1769. A comparison has 
been drawn between Archbishop Ussher and Dr. 
Rogers in their talents and in their relations to the 
universities in which they studied. Ussher, it is as- 
serted, was the first student of Trinity College, Dub- 
lin. He says himself that he was "' among the first." 
Tiie archbishop was one of the most learned men 
that ever lived : and Dr. Rogers, with no claim to his 
great learning, reflected the highest honor upon his 
alma maitr. In 1770 the Saviour revealed his par- 
doning love to him. after which he united witii the 
Second Baptist church of Newport. In May, 1772, 
he was ordained pastor of the First Baptist churcli 
of Philadelphia. He sustained this new relation 
for three years, with great advantage to the 
struggling church ; its congregations were largely 
increased, and men like Dr. Benjamin Rush came to 
hear the eloquent young preacher. When Pennsyl- 
vania raised three battalions of foot for the Revo- 
lutionary war, the Legislature appointed Dr. 
Rogers their chaplain. Afterwards lie was a 
brigade chaplain in the Continental army. For five 
years he followed the fortunes of tlie Revolutionary 
army as an unwearied and honored chaplain. 

His relations with Washington were intimate 
and cordial. Dr. Reuben A. Guild quotes the fol- 
lowing from an English gentleman who visited 
Philadelphia in 1793 : " After traveling through an 
extremely pleasant country we arrived in Philadel- 
phia and waited on Dr. Rogers. Dr. Rogers is a 
most entertaining and agreeable man ; we were 
with him a great part of the time we remained in 
the city, and were introduced by him to Gen. 



ROSE 



ROSS 



Washington. The general was not at home when 
we called, but while we were talking with his pri- 
vate secretary in the hall he came in, and spoke 
to Dr. Rogers with the greatest ease and familiarity. 
He immediately asked us up to the drawing-room, 
where were Lady Washington and his two nieces." 

Dr. Rogers was for many years Professor of 
Oratory and Belles-Lettres in the University of 
Pennsylvania, a position which was never more 
worthily filled by any of his honored successors. 
Hi.s popularity in Philadelphia and throughout the 
country was remarkable, and it was limited to men 
of no special opinions, religious or political. 

He belonged to the Masonic fraternity, and fre- 
quently addressed his brethren on public occasions. 
He was in the General Assembly of his adopted 
State during the sessions of 1816 and 1817. He 
was a member of the various societies in Philadel- 
phia which existed to promote knowledge, relieve 
misery, and spread gospel light. 

A gentleman of refinement, with learned attain- 
ments, a large heart, and an unswerving faith in 
the blessed Redeemer, Dr. Rogers necessarily lived 
in the affections of all that knew him. And when 
he passed away, April 7, 1824, it was universally 
felt that our country had lost one of its best citi- 
zens, and our denomination one of its brightest 
ornaments. 

Rose, Rev. A. T., was a graduate of the Ham- 
ilton Literary and Theological Institution, and 
was appointed a missionary to Burmah in October, 
1851. He sailed for the place of his destination 
Jan. 17, 1853, arriving in Akyab the following 
May. Before him was every prospect of a health- 
ful and agreeable residence, but a sad cloud was 
thrown over these prospects by the sudden death 
of Mrs. Rose, who was attacked with the cholera, 
and died after a short illness. In accordance 
with his own request, Mr. Rose's connection with 
the Union in 1854 was dissolved, and he was a 
government school-teacher until 1861. He was 
re-appointed in October of this year, and com- 
menced his labors in the Burmese department of the 
Rangoon Mission. He engaged in the usual rou- 
tine of missionary labor, and, judging from the re- 
ports we have, he was successful, by the living voice 
and the printed page, in reaching a large number 
of persons. The report of 1867 speaks encour- 
agingly of his excursions in various directions 
from Rangoon. In some of these trips he was ab- 
sent six or eight weeks. A visit of this kind to 
Thongzai is spoken of as one of great interest. 
Such labors Mr. Rose speaks of as " the cream of 
missionary work, both as to usefulness and enjoy- 
ment.'' While on one of these tours to the north 
in 1868, he contracted a fever, which so enfeebled 
him that he was obliged to return to this country, 
ivhere he remained for several years. A part 



of this time he was the pastor of the 
Street church in Providence, R. I. Having been 
re-appointed by the Union, he returned to Burmah 
in 1874, and resumed the work of former years. 
During 1875 he was absent nearly six months on a 
missionary tour to Northern Burmah. The reports 
of what has been accomplished the last two years 
are full of interest and hope. Mr. Rose is one of 
the busiest and most active of the missionaries of 
the Union. 

Rose, Rev. Frank Bramwell, was born in 

Tuckerton, N. J., April 5, 1836. At the age of six 
he removed to Philadelphia, receiving a public- 
school education, finishing at the High-School in 
1852. He was converted at the age of twelve, in 
the Methodist Episcopal Church. He resigned a 
responsible position in a bank in 1859 to enter the 
ministry of the Methodist Church ; was ordained 
thereto by Bishop Levi Scott, and appointed first 
to Freehold and subsequently to St. James' church. 
New Brunswick, N. J. In September, 1862. he 
was appointed by Gov. Olden, of New Jersey, 
chaplain of the 14th Regiment N. J. Vols., serving 
as such for three years, until the close of the war, 
participating in the battles of Locust Grove, AYil- 
derness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Monocacy. 
Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, etc. At 
the close of the war he announced his clear convic- 
tion of the more Scriptural faith and practice of 
the Baptists, and received baptism on profession of 
faith, in the winter of 1865, at the hands of Rev. 
William S. Hall, in the Enon church of Philadel- 
phia. The same year he was duly ordained to 
the ministry by direction of a council of which D. 
Henry Miller, D.D., was moderator, and accepted 
a call to the pastorate of the First Baptist church 
of Camden, N. J., serving it four years. In 1870 
he was appointed by President Grant chaplain in 
the U. S. navy, and has since served in the South 
Atlantic and Pacific, upon the flag-ships " Lancas- 
ter" and " Pensacola," and upon the " Potomac" 
and " Constitution." Whilst unassigned to active 
naval duty, in 1879-80, he served the Second church 
of Camden as pastor for eighteen months. Now 
(1880) he is on board U. S. training-ship " Constitu- 
tion," the " Old Ironsides'' of the war of 1812. Mr. 
Rose is a cultured and talented minister, who en- 
joys the confidence and affection of his Baptist 
brethren. 

Ross, Rev. Michael, was born in England. In 
youth he was thoroughly instructed in the ritual 
and doctrines of the Church of England. Coming 
to America in early manhood, he was converted : 
entered the ministry of the Baptist Church ; served 
important churches in Alabama and Mississippi 
many years with signal ability and success. Re- 
moving to Texas, he faithfully served the Texas 
Baptist State Convention as general agent. He 



ROTHMAN 



1011 



ROTH WELL 



was pastor of the Independence church from 1858 
to 1864, serving the church acceptably, proving 
himself to be a workinan that needeth not to be 
asliamed. Few men had a more thorough knowl- 
edge of the Holy Scriptures, or could quote them 
more accurately. He died at Independence, Texas, 
in December, 1865, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. 

Rothman, Bernard. — See article Anabaptists. 

Rothwell, Andrew, was born in Ridley town- 
ship, Delaware Co., Pa., Nov. 11, 1801. His father 




ANDREW ROTHWELL. 

was a native of Cecil Co., Md., whence he re- 
moved in his youth to Tinicum Island, Pa. Mr. 
Rot!) well's mother died while still young,' leaving 
eight small and helpless children, who were placed 
for care and protection in several families of their 
friends. The subject of this sketch resided with 
Dr. Henry Paschall, of Kingsessing, where most 
of his time was occupied with farming, spending 
only three months in the year at school. In his 
seventeenth year he entered the printing-office of 
Wm. Frey, Philadelphia, remaining five years and 
acquiring an unusually accurate knowledge of the 
business. "When nine years of nge he became 
deeply impressed with religious convictions, and, 
while engaged in his business in Philadelphia, he 
was converted and baptized by Dr. Staughton, be- 
coming a member of the Sansom Street church in 
that city. At the age of twenty-one he removed 
to Washington, and was employed in the office of 
Gales & Seaton, printers to Congress, and publish- 
ers of the National Litellige.ncer. In 1828, associ- 
ated with T. W. Ustick, he commenced in Washing- 



ton the publication of a newspaper, The Washington 
CUy Chronicle, which was discontinued after a few 
years. In 1831, Mr. Rothwell entered the service 
of the city government as receiver of taxes, which 
position he retained for nearly twenty years. Sub- 
sequently he occupied for a number of years a 
position in the U. S. Navy Department. On his 
removal to Washington he became a member of the 
Second Baptist church (Navy-Yard), with which 
he was connected for a long time. In 1842, asso- 
ciated with a few others, he took a leading part in 
the formation of the E Street Baptist church, where 
his membership still is, having, during the entire 
j period, filled important offices, including that of 
deacon. He has done much for this church, both 
by his labors and his liberal contributions. Since 
the year 1835 he has been continuously a member 
of the board of trustees of the Columbian College, 
portions of the time occupying the offices of secre- 
tary and of treasurer. He has always manifested 
a deep interest in the college, and has generously 
contributed to its funds. He is also an active pro- 
moter of various benevolent institutions, and has 
been for more than thirty years a zealous member 
of the board of managers of the Washington Bible 
Society. In 1833 he prepared a valuable. compila- 
tion of the laws relating to the city of Washington 
and the District of Columbia ; and in 1867 he pre- 
pared and published a valuable pamphlet, "History 
of the Baptist Institutions of the District of Col- 
umbia.'' 

Rothwell, W. R., D.D., was born in Garrard 
Co., Ky., Sept. 2, 1831. He was the son of the 
late Dr. John Rothwell, of Callaway Co., Mo. His 
mother was China Renfro. Both of his parents 
were of Virginian birth and British descent. His 
father's family removed to Missouri after his birth 
in 1831. He graduated in 1854 at the University 
of Missouri with the first honors in a class of ten 
members. In 1874 his alma mater, in honorable 
recognition of his distinction as a man of letters, 
conferred upon him the degree of D.D. 

Every moment of Dr. RothwelTs time since his 
graduation has been one of intellectual activity 
and usefulness. From 1854 to 1856 he was princi- 
pal of Elm Ridge Academy. He was the first 
president of the Baptist Female College at Colum- 
bia, Mo. (now known as Stephens College), and 
after one year of service there he was elected to 
succeed the Rev. Wm. Thompson, LL.D., as presi- 
dent of Mount Pleasant College. In 1860 he was 
ordained to the ministry of the gospel, and was 
successively pastor of the Baptist churches at 
Huntsville and Keytesville, Mo. During the years 
1871 and 1872 he was corresponding secretary of 
the Baptist General Association of Missouri, in 
which position he acquitted himself with marked 
ability. His letters and communications while 



Roussr 



ROWLAND 



corresponding secretary are noted as being among 
the most graceful and forcible that have advocated 
the interests of that body. In 1872, Dr. Rothwell 
was unanimously elected Professor of Theology 
and Moral Philosophy in Williaia Jewell College, 
a place which he still fills with great distinction. 

In his eight years' professorship of Theology he 
has instructed for a longer or shorter time 150 
young ministers of Missouri and the West. Since 
1874 he has been chairman of the faculty. 

Dr. Rothwell is in the prime of life and mental 
vigor. He is one of the most modest and unas- 
suming of men, but his very high sense of duty 
always impels him to the front whenever principle 
or honor calls. He is a " scholar and a ripe one," 
of elegant culture, and a man of liberal, expansive 
views. Probably no man in the State stands higher 
in the love and confidence of his denomination. 

Roussy, Rev. Louis, was born in the canton 
de Vaud, Switzerland, and died in 1880 at Grande 
Ligne, province of Quebec, in the sixty-ninth year 
of his age. Converted when very young, Mr. 
Roussy early in life felt his heart drawn out 
towards the cause of missions. At the age of nine- 
teen he commenced the work of colportage in 
France, which he carried on for two years. But 
when a missionary seminary was opened at Lau- 
sanne in his native land, the object of which was 
to prepare young men for the foreign field, he dis- 
continued his work in France, and was one of the 
first to enter the seminary. In 1835, Mr. Roussy 
accompanied Madame Feller to Canada, arriving 
in Montreal on the 31st of October, 1835. After a 
few months spent in the work of French Canadian 
evangelization in Montreal and St. John, province 
of Quebec (where, especially in St. John, lie met 
with violent opposition), he went to Grande Ligne. 
On the 30th of June, 1837, he baptized four con- 
verts, who, with himself and Madame Feller, were 
organized into the first French Protestant church 
ever founded in Canada. (For fuller information 
respecting the mission which Mr. Roussy assisted 
in establishing, and in connection with which he 
labored forty-five years, see article Grand Ligne 
Evangelical Society.) Courageous and courteous, 
patient and loving, full of faith, and ever zealous 
for his Master's glory, Mr. Roussy was a most efii- 
cient and devoted missionary of the Cross. 

Rowan, Rev. Thomas J., tlie youngest of nine 
children, was born in Copiah Co., Miss., Dec. 9, 
1854. He was always considered a pious and 
model boy, but was not converted until sixteen 
years of age. Having the ministry in view, he 
became a student of Centenary College, Jackson, 
La., under the care of Rev. C. G. Andrews, a dis- 
tinguished Methodist divine. By his brilliant in- 
tellect and studious habits he soon won the esteem 
and confidence of all the professors, especially the 



president, who invited him to his home and into 
his family, treating him more like a son or com- 
panion than as a pupil. Possessing as he does an 
ardent love for God's Word, regarding its teachings 
as above the opinions of men, and knowing that 
the Master whom he had professed to love pre- 
ferred obedience to sacrifice, he began to pass 
through the bitterest and yet sweetest experience 
of his life when he undertook a prayerful investi- 
gation of the subjects of baptism and communion. 
Here he had to pass through deep waters, which 
caused an illness so severe that it took months to 
recover. Deliberate in reaching his conclusion, 
he asserted his indisputable right in maintaining 
it ; and in his eighteenth year, while a student 
of Centenary College, he united with the Baptist 
church at Jackson, La., and was baptized by Rev. 

5. A. Hayden. By the same church he was or- 
dained. Revs. S. A. Hayden and George Hayden 
constituting the Presbytery. After changing his 
faith he entered Mississippi College. His deep- 
toned piety, brilliancy, eloquence, and modesty, as 
well as manliness, secured for him the admiration 
of the whole school and community. He was 
elected orator for his literary society several tinjes, 
and was considered its brightest star. He com- 
pleted the A.B. course at Mississippi College at 
the age of twenty-one. 

Elder Rowan spent three years and a half in the 
Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, com- 
pleting the full course, except a small portion of 
the Hebrew and Latin. 

His sermons are noted for brevity (scarcely ever 
exceeding thirty minutes), unity, simplicity, — 
within the grasp of a child, ^accuracy, and much 
thought for a young man. 

He succeeded Dr. Landrum as the pastor of the 
Central Baptist church, Memphis, Tenr., where 
his labors are much blessed, and a hopeful future 
is opening to his view. 

Rowden, Philip, M.D., D.D., was born in Eng- 
land in 1828. In early life he came to New York. 
He was converted, and joined the church in New- 
ark, N. J. He was pastor in Newark, in Bronson, 
Mich., and in Chili, Ind. The churches enjoyed 
many genuine revivals during his pastorates. He 
was a man of studious habits and deep research. 
At the time of his death he was vice-president of 
the American Anthropological Association. He 
died at his home in Rochester, Ind., April 4, 1875. 

Rowland, A. Judson, D.D,, was born at Val- 
ley Forge, Pa., Feb. 9, 1840 ; was baptized at Law- 
renceville, Pa., by Rev. W. H. H. Marsh, Jan. 

6, 1858; entered the Sophomore class of the uni- 
versity at Lewisburg in 1859, and graduated with 
first honors in 1862 ; was ordained at Lawrence- 
ville, October, 1862; was chaplain of the 175th 
Regiment Pa. Vols, from September, 1862, to July, 



BOWL AND 



1013 



ROY ALL 



1863 ; entered Rochester Theological Seminary in 
the fall of 1863, and completed the full course of 
study in 1866. In Jalji 1866, became pastor of 
Mount Auburn church, Cincinnati, 0., which po- 




A. JUDSON ROWLAND, D.D. 

sition he resigned in 1868 to assume the presidency 
of the Mount Auburn Institute,- — a school of high 
grade for young women. In 1870 he became pas- 
tor of the First church, Pittsburgh, Pa. In 1872 
he accepted a call to the Tenth church, Philadel- 
phia, where he still remains. He has for years 
been a regular correspondent for several denomi- 
national journals, and has published a number of 
sermons and reviews. In 1879 he preached the 
doctrinal sermon before the Philadelphia Baptist 
Association. He is a member of various educa- 
tional and missionary boards, and is prominently 
and actively engaged in the general work of the 
denomination. He received the degree of D.D. in 
1880 from the university at Lewisburg. 

Dr. Rowland is a man of superior mind, pleasing 
manners, studious habits, extensive learning, and 
exemplary piety. As pastor of a large and influ- 
ential church, he magnifies his office, and is very 
highly esteemed in love for his work's sake. His 
sermons are rich in original thought and Bible 
knowledge, clear in expression, and impressive in 
delivery. His writings show enlarged acquaint- 
ance with books and men. He has gathered a large 
library of choice and standard works, which he 
utilizes with rare ability. He is the first and the 
successful editor of Our Young People, a very able 
monthly journal for the older scholars in our Sun- 



day-schools. This paper deserves the great circu- 
lation it has already secured, and under its gifted 
editor it will be a still greater power among the 
young. 

Rowley, Rev. Moses. — This pioneer mission- 
ary, now residing at Mazomanie, Wis., at the ad- 
vanced age of eighty-four years, is a native of 
Swanton, Vt. He was born again and baptized 
into the fellowship of the Baptist church in Gouv- 
erneur, N. Y., in 1817; commenced preaching in 
1830, in Erie Co., N. Y., and was ordained at P^vans, 
N. Y., in 1833. He has been in the active work 
of the ministry fifty-one years. He was pastor of 
twenty churches, none of which was able to sup- 
port him when settled. As soon as the church he 
served was able to give him a competent support 
he resigned his pastorate, after having provided an 
acceptable successor. With his call to the minis- 
try he had clea,rly indicated to him that his work 
was to preach the gospel to the feeble churches and 
to collect the scattered members of Christ's flock 
on the frontiers. " Christ sent me," he writes, 
"not to baptize, but to preach the gospel to his 
poor." And of these, multitudes have heard the 
pure gospel of Christ from his lips. He gave 
thirty-two years of his life to strictly itinerant and ■ 
missionary labor. Of these, thirteen years he was 
in the service of the New York Baptist Convention 
and the American Baptist Home Mission Society. 
He organized seventeen churches, nearly all on 
the frontier, and baptized about 400 persons. He 
has been a resident of Wisconsin thirty-two years. 
In 1876, when nearly eighty years of age, he went 
to Nebraska to engage again in the work to which 
he had given the best part of his life, — to preach 
the gospel to Christ's poor and gather the scattered 
believers into churches. Thus for four years longer 
he engaged in his loved work, — organizing churches 
in Hamilton and York Counties, and providing for 
them houses of worship. The Lord has granted 
this minister of the gospel a long and very useful 
life, and he is now waiting to hear the Master call, 
'•Give an account of thy stewardship." 

Royal, Rev. Young R., a pioneer preacher in 
Arkansas, was born in North Carolina in 1812. 
He professed religion in 1838, and in 1840 was li- 
censed to preach. In 1842 he removed to what is 
now Drew Co., Ark., and was ordained in Missis- 
sippi the following year. In 1848 he was one of a 
Convention that organized the Bartholomew Bap- 
tist Association, of which he was chosen modera- 
tor, a position he continued to hold until his death. 
He labored very assiduously in the gospel, and 
many churches were gathered through his instru- 
mentality. He also filled one term of clerk of the 
District Court of Drew County. He died in 1867. 

Royall, Wm., D.D., was born July 30, 1823, 
in Edgefield District, S. C. From six to thirteen 



ROY ALL 



RUGGLES 



resided in Charleston, S. C. For two years was a 
pupil of Furman Institution, Fairfield District, 
S. C, then under charge of his uncle, Prof. W. E. 
Bailey. Entered South Carolina College, Colum- 




WM. ROFALL, D.D. 

bia, Sophomore class, when fifteen years old, and 
graduated in 1841 in a class of sixty. He enjoyed 
the rare advantages of instruction, under Dr. James 
H. Tliornwell, in logic and metaphysics ; Dr. Wm. 
Hooper, in languages : Bishop Stephen Elliott, in 
evidences of Ciiristianity ; and Dr. Francis Lieber, 
in political economy ; to the instructions of the 
last named he has ever felt most deeply indebted. 
After graduating, taught as an assistant in a high 
school in Charleston, and studied law two years 
under Hon. Henry Bailey, attorney-general of 
South Carolina. Trained by a gi'andfather, an 
elder in tlie Presbyterian Church, and taught by 
Rev. Charles Lanneau, in a Sunday-school class 
out of which came six preachers. He does not re- 
member the time when he was not the subject of 
religious impressions. In the great revival of 1835, 
under the fervent preaching of Richard Fuller, 
D.D., he became a subject of God's saving power. 
Always satisfied that it was his duty to preach, he 
was so impressed with the idea of ministerial sanc- 
tity, as illustrated by that devout and eminently 
lioly man of God, Basil Manly, Sr., who baptized 
him, that not until he had studied law two years 
did he fully determine to heed the call to preach. 
For one year he studied theology under Dr. W. 
T. Brantly, Sr., and Dr. Thomas Curtis, Sr. He 
supplied Dr. Brantly's place each Sabbath morn- 



ing while that good man was lying on a bed of 
death, stricken with paralysis ; was ordained in 
Charleston in 1844 ; preached four years to five 
different churches in Abbeville and Edgefield Dis- 
tricts, S. C, two years in Georgia, and four years 
in Florida. In 1855 was elected to a professorship 
in Furman University, and continued to preach to 
three churches for five years. In 1859 was elected 
Professor of Languages in Wake Forest College, 
N. C. ; resigned his professorship in 1872. In 1872 
founded Raleigh Baptist Female Seminary, and, 
when his health failed, transferred it to his son-in- 
law, Prof F. P. Ilobgood, under whose adminis- 
tration it has become a noted seat of learning. 
During the war served for fourteen months in Vir- 
ginia and North Carolina as chaplain of 55th N. C. 
Regiment. Has baptized over 1500, of these about 
400 in connection with one church, which he served 
ten years, in North Carolina, named Flat Rock, — 
a mother of churches ; baptized 220 whites and 
blacks during one revival in Wayneville church, 
Ga., which he served; was pastor of twenty 
churches, for terms varying from two to ten years; 
has taught successfully in the seminaries of Bryan 
and Calvert, Texas, and since September, 1875, has 
been president of Baylor Female College, Inde- 
pendence, Texas. As a scholar and a preacher he 
stands in the first rank. Is now head of a female 
seminary at San Antonio, Texas. 

Rucker, James Jefferson, A.M., was born in 
Randolph Co., Mo., Jan. 27, 1828. After receiving 
an academic education, and teaching school for a 
while in Missouri, he entered Georgetown College, 
Ky., in 1852, where he graduated in 1854. In 1855 
he was elected Professor of Mathematics in George- 
town College, and has filled that position twenty- 
five years. He has also been principal of the 
Georgetown Female Academy since 1869. He 
united with a Baptist church in his youth, and has 
been very active in promoting the interests of his 
denomination, especially in the departments of 
education and Sunday-schools. 

Ruggles, William, LL.D. — In the list of co- 
workers always ranked with Baptists, though never 
having made a public profession of the CInustian 
faith, Prof. Wm. Buggies, LL.D., has a high place. 
He was born in Rochester, Mass., Sept. 5, 1797. 
Of quiet and studious turn, he fitted for college 
under the parish minister, a graduate of Brown Uni- 
versity in 1796, whose course showed that Massa- 
chusetts clergyuien of the " standing order" aj)- 
preciated the Baptist college, since not only many 
of them, but many pupils educated by them sought 
this seat of non-sectarian learning. Entering Brown 
at the age of seventeen, young Ruggles gradu- 
ated in 1820. In 1822, with his life-long friend, 
President A. Caswell, LL.D., he became tutor 
at Columbian College, Washington. D. C, at its 



RUGGLES 



1015 



RUNYON 



opening. He became Professor of Mathematics 
and Natural Philosophy in 1827, remaining at the 
college during the years of suspension, when all 
others left it for more lucrative fields. In 1859, at 
the accession of its fifth president, he was trans- 
ferred to the chair of Political Science. No man 
could have been called to a more important and in- 
fluential post at so critical a juncture. An unusual 
number of students from the Gulf States, as well as 
from the other Southern States, were thoroughly 
instructed in the principles and history of the 
American Constitution. Absent during the first 
year of the war, 1861-62, Dr. Ruggles returned 
in 1862, and retained his college connection, after 
the accession of the sixth president in 1871, as 
Professor Emeritus, up to the time of his death, 
Sept. 10, 1877, at the ripe age of eighty years. 

During his perhaps unparalleled life of fifty-five 
years as teacher in the same college. Dr. Ruggles 
was universally esteemed by the trustees, faculty, 
and pupils. lie was ready for any service. Three 
times he acted as president ad intei-im. Though 
firm in his opinions, he was deferential to his fel- 
low-officers, both in his earlier and later years. 
Ilis clear analysis and his wide experience during 
two-thirds of the nation's history at the seat of 
government, gave force and effectiveness to his 
later instructions. The appreciation in which he 
was held by his alma mater was indicated in 1852, 
when the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him 
by Brown University. 

Though a constant attendant on religious ser- 
vices, and at times free to converse on his own le- 
ligious experience, strong convictions as to the 
spirituality of the Christian faith, and high con- 
ceptions of Christian integrity, deterred him from 
an open profession. His contributions to eveiy 
Christian chai-ity were numerous and unostenta 
tious, his gifts to Baptist churches and missions 
having the first place. 

His intimate relations with Rev. Dr. Binney and 
his accomplished wife during his presidency of 
Columbian College, from 1855 to 1858, fixed his 
special attention on the Karen Theological School, 
of which, in 1843, Dr. Binney became the founder, 
and to which, after an absence of five or six years, 
he returned in 1858. Dr. Ruggles was the virtual 
founder, with Dr. Binney, of the school, as he gave 
during his life nearly $15,000 to the mission, and 
left at his death a legacy of §25,000, — about one- 
half his estate. He used to say privately to those 
who sought large donations to home colleges, that 
" to mould the young ministry of a recently Chris- 
tianized nation was the most comprehensive work 
possible for any man." 

During his summer vacation, spent at his usual 
retreat on Schooley's Mountain, N. J., after a last 
and lingering visit to the graves of his vacation as- 



sociates. Dr. S. H. and Mrs. Cone, Dr. Ruggles was 
prostrated by general debility, and in seven days 
he was laid beside them. Two views from the 
Mountain House always charmed him, — the "val- 
ley" and the " sunset" views. His first words to 
his old associate and executor, who visited him on 
his death-be(3, were, " I have come to look within 
the last few weeks on the future world, as com- 
pared with this, in a very difi'erent light from what 
I ever did before." His pilgrimage of fourscore 
years made the "valley" view to him a long one, 
but the closing, the " sunset" view, was to have no 
end. 

Runyon, Judge Peter P., was bom at Long 
Hill, N. J., May 19, 1787. He used to speak with 




JUDGE PETER P. RUXYOX. 

much affection of his (jond mother. After his mar- 
riage and a brief period of school-teaching in Plain- 
field he removed to New Brunswick, where he spent 
the vigor of manhood and the evening of his life. 
His character and abilities could not be hidden, and 
his fellow-citizens honored him, while be honored 
the offices he held. As alderman and recorder 
of the city, justice, freeholder, and for thirteen 
years judge of the Court of Common Pleas, he 
sustained a high reputation fur fidelity, sound dis- 
cretion, legal wisdom, and an amiability that was 
often brought into requisition as a peace-maker. 
He thought he was made a subject of grace when 
he was fifteen years old, after a severe season of 
conviction lasting six weeks ; but he did not join 
the church until 1811, when he was baptized by 
Rev. Thomas Brown, pastor of the church at Scotch 



RUSSELL 



RUTHERFORD 



Plains. When he removed to New Brunswick and 
united with the church there, which was weak, he 
was constrained to use his gifts. His financial 
abilities were drawn upon during his forty-seven 
years of membership. As trustee, church'treasurer, 
Sunday-school superintendent for twenty-two years, 
he had much to do with the moulding of the church. 
But his influence reached beyond his own city. 
Sympathizing most heartily with the work of the 
Baptist State Convention, he became its treasurer 
in 1830, and was continued by the suifrages of his 
brethren for the remaining forty-one years of his 
life. AVhen he died he left the Convention a hand- 
some legacy. His business promptness, his liberal 
sympathy with the missionaries, his wise counsels 
in the board, M-ere very valuable. He took an active 
interest in the great national missionary societies, 
while he loved the work about his own home. He 
spent his eighty-fourth birthday attending the mis- 
sionary meetings at Chicago, filled his place in the 
meeting of the board of managers, after his return 
attended an educational convention in Richmond, 
prepared his report for the State Convention, but 
was not able to attend its meeting. After a short 
illness he breathed out his life ; his last words were, 
'' The bliss of dying.'' 

Russell, Rev. A. A., was born in Albany, N. Y., 
July 7, 1823, and baptized in 1841 in the fellowship 
of tlie First Baptist church in that city. His atten- 
tion having been already directed towards the work 
of the ministry, he was soon after his baptism sent 
by the church just named to Hamilton. His term 
of study here was brief, yet subsequently he en- 
joyed good educational advantages under Profs. 
Walker and Canning at Stockbridge, Mass., and 
before his conversion his school privileges had been 
excellent at the Albany Academy, under Dr. T. 
Komeyn Beck. He was ordained at Austerlitz, 
N. Y., Aug. 19, 1844. He has had one pastorate 
in Massachusetts, five in New York, two in Minne- 
sota, three in Illinois, and one in Iowa. In the 
spring of 1854, under appointment of the Home 
Mission Society, he became the first pastor of the 
First church in Minneapolis, Minn. The church 
then had 11 members. At the end of three years 
he left them with 100, with Amory Gale for his 
successor. His pastorates have all been successful, 
marked to an unusual degree with revival influ- 
ence. Fifty such revival seasons he has been per- 
mitted to enjoy, either in his own pastoral labors 
or when assisting his brethren. " The sermons I 
have preached" — these are his own words — " with 
most satisfaction to the people and to myself are 
those which have presented Christ as ' all and in 
air to Christians, and the all-sufficient Saviour for 
all sinners." 

Rust, Jacob Ward, an active and efficient edu- 
cator, was born in Logan Co., Ky., Feb. 14, 1819. 



His early opportunities were limited, but by dili- 
gent and constant application he has become a 
scholar of considerable reputation. Teaching has 
been his profession from his youth, and he has 
been principal of Mount Carmel Academy, Spring- 
field Academy, Clarksville Female Academy, and 
Lafayette Female Institute. In 1864 he was 
elected president of Bethel College. This institu- 
tion had been prostrated during the war, but Mr. 
Rust speedily brought it up to as high a degree of 
prosperity as it had ever attained. In 1868 he re- 
signed on account of impaired health. After a 
brief rest he, with Prof. Dudley, became joint 
editors and proprietors of the Western Recorder. 
In 1871, having sold his interest in the paper, he 
became financial agent for the Orphans' Home in 
Louisville. The next year he was elected princi- 
pal of Bethel Female College. He is a consistent 
Baptist, a man of great energy, and rarely fails in 
any enterprise in which he engages. 

Rutherford, Rev. A. J., a pioneer minister of 
ability in Northwestern Louisiana, was born in 
Vermont in 1815; taught in Alabama from 1837 
to 1843 ; practised law in Arkansas, and became 
probate judge ; ordained in 1846, removed to Lou- 
isiana in 1851, and settled in Caddo Parish, and 
founded many strong churches ; was for years 
moderator of Grand Cane Association ; died in 
1863. 

Rutherford, Prof. Williams, of the State Uni- 
versity of Georgia, a most worthy deacon of the 
Baptist church at Athens, Clarke Co., is the son 
of Williams Rutherford and Eliza Boykin, and 
was born near Milledgeville, Ga., Sept. 3, 1818. 
Until sent to Franklin College, as the State Uni- 
versity was then called, he was educated by Rev. 
C. P. Beman, a famous teacher at Midway, near 
Milledgeville. He graduated in 1838, and, after 
devoting some years to farming and railroad busi- 
ness, opened a preparatory school in Athens, Ga. 
In January, 1856, he was elected Professor of 
Mathematics by the trustees of the State Uni- 
versity, which position he still holds. 

He joined the Baptist church at Milledgeville 
in 1836, in his eighteenth year, when C. D. Mal- 
lary was pastor, and just after a sermon preached 
by Adiel Sherwood, relating a very satisfactory 
experience ; and from that time forward his life 
has been as the sun that shineth more and more 
unto the perfect day. He began at once to labor 
in the Sabbath-school as a superintendent, and 
nearly every year since has continued to occupy 
the same post of honor and usefulness. 

In the year 1856, Gov. Lumpkin, then a deacon 
of the Baptist church at Athens, of which Prof. 
Rutherford was also a member, asked to be dis- 
charged from the duties of his office, on account 
of age and infirmities, and moved that Williams 



RUTLAND 



1017 



RYLAND 



Rutherford be appointed to the deaconate in his 
place. The church consented unanimously, and 
Prof. Rutherford still retains the office, which he 
has filled most usefully and efficiently. For many 
years he has thus, as clerk and deacon of the 
Athens church, been a "living epistle," known 
and read of all men, highly respected and esteemed 
by the community at large. For twenty-four years 
he has held an important position in the faculty of 
the State University, and has always exerted a 
marked influence in the religious gatherings of 
the denominations which he has attended. 

He was married to Miss Laura Cobb, sister of 
Gov. Howell Cobb, in 1841, a lady of remarkable 
mental powers and great moral excellence. Noted 
for his piety. Prof. Rutherford is a man of great 
humility, and the length of time he has retained 
his professorship argues the excellence of his 
scholarship. 

Rutland, Judge W. R., an active Baptist and 
prominent lawyer at Farmerville, La., was born in 
1836. He took an irregular course in Mount Leba- 
non University, La., which was interrupted by the 
civil war, in which he took an active part, being a 
lieutenant in the Confederate army. After the war 
he studied law, and has since distinguished himself 
at the bar and on the bench. Judge Rutland is at 
present doing a good work for the denomination by 
writing "Pen Sketches" of useful ministers. 

Ryals, J. G., D.D., was born in the southern 
part of Georgia, April 3, 1824. His parents came 
from North Carolina. Mr. Ryals is a graduate of 
Mercer University, taking the first honor in the 
class of 1851, which was more than usually bril- 
liant in the intellectual ability of its members. 
After graduation he taught school one year in Co- 
lumbus ; then he studied law for one year under 
the celebrated lawyer. Judge Cone, of Greene 
County ; and about 1856 was admitted to the bar 
in Cass County. He practised law successfully, 
and carried on farming operations for some seven 
or eight years in the same county. In 1859, after 
a long struggle, he became thoroughly converted 
to Jesus, united with the church, and was baptized 
by Dr. Thomas Rambant. In early manhood Mr. 
Ryals was tinctured with skeptical sentiments, 
which were obliterated by a perusal of the theo- 
logical works of Jonathan Edwards, which also 
imbued him strongly with Calvinistic sentiments. 
Two or three years after his union with the church 
he began to take part in public religious exercises, 
and his efforts were so blessed that he became pow- 
erfully impressed with the conviction that it was 
his duty to preach the gospel. He lost his interest 
in the law, and soon abandoned its practice and 
devoted himself wholly to the ministry. In 1863 
he succeeded Dr. Rambant as pastor of the Carters- 
ville Baptist church, and since that period, as the 
65 



pastor of several churches in the neighborhood of 
his home, he has been very useful in the Master's 
cause. In order to educate his children he has 
been compelled, besides preaching and farming, to 
teach school in Bartow County. lie has long been 
recognized as one of the best, strongest, and most 
influential Baptist preachers in Georgia. For many 
years he has been the moderator of the Middle 
Cherokee Association and a member of the board 
of trustees for Mercer University. He is also a 
member of the State Mission Board of the Georgia 
Baptist Convention. 

Ryan, Rev. Joseph, was born in Fairfield Dis- 
trict, S. C, Oct. 3, 1782. A soldier in the war of 
1812, as was his father in the Revolution. He 
united with the Baptist Church in 1814, and soon 
after entered the ministry. Came to the Territory 
of Alabama and settled in Greene County in 1815. 
He originated and was the first pastor of Salem 
church, near Greensl)orough, then a most wealthy 
church ; he was its pastor for twenty-one years. 
Other strong churches in West Alabama grew up 
under his eminent ministry. The Cahaba and the 
Tuskaloosa As.'^ouiations had the assistance of his 
wise counsel in their formation. He was a firm 
and intelligent advocate of the cause of missions. 
In 1837 he removed to Sumter County, where his 
ministry again was a grand success. Many great 
revivals followed his preaching. He educated his 
seven children liberally. One of them is an able 
minister oF the gospel, — Rev. J. K. Ryan, of Push- 
mataha, Ala. The father died in 1848, leaving a 
spotless name and a precious memory. 

Ryland, Rev. Charles Hill, was born in King 
and Queen Co., Va., Jan. 22, 1836. After a 
thorough training at Fleetwood Academy, he en- 
tered Richmond College in 1854, and the Southern 
Baptist Theological Seminary in 1859. During the 
war, he was for two years with the Confederate 
army in Virginia as evangelist and colporteur, and 
subsequently the depositary and treasurer of the 
Army Colportnge Board. lie was ordained in 1863 
at the Bruington church, and became pastor, after 
the close of the war, of Burruss's church. Mount 
Carmel, succeeding the distinguished preachers, 
Andrew Broaddus and A. M. Poindexter, in that 
venerable church. In 1866 he was made general 
superintendent of the Sunday-schools in Virginia 
under the General Association, and succeeded in 
reorganizing and equipping the schools, and in 
bringing their work to a high degree of proficiency. 
In 1869, when the first National Sunday-School 
Institute was held in St. Louis, under the Ameri- 
can Baptist Publication Society, Mr. Ryland took a 
leading part, delivering the opening address, on 
" Our Aims in this Institute." In 1869 he became 
pastor of the church in Alexandria, Va. ; in 1874 
was elected financial secretary of Richmond Col- 



BYLAND 



RYLAND 



lege, Va., which position he still holds. He is a 
trustee of Richmond College, a member of the cor- 
poration of the Columbian University, and the 
founder of the Virginia Baptist Historical Society, 
organized in 1876. Mr. Ryland is actively identi- 
fied with every good work which the denomination 
has at heart. 

Ryland, John, D.D., was born Jan. 29, 1753, 
at Warwick, England, where his father, the able 
and scholarly John Collett Ryland, was pastor of 
the Baptist church. The study of Hebrew was his 
fathers ruling passion as a teacher, and Mr. Ryland 
was not a little elated at his child's early proficiency 
in the language, for when only five years old he was 
able to read and translate the twenty-third psalm 
to the celebrated Hervey, with whom his father 
was intimately acquainted. When he was about 
fourteen years old his religious impressions became 
fixed, and he was baptized by his father on Sept. 
13, 1767. He was recommended to preach by vote 
of the church at Northampton, to which his fixther 
had removed from Warwick, when he was about 
eighteen years of age, and was fully engaged in the 
villages around for several years. During this time 
he assisted his father in his private school, which 
had stood high under Mr. Ryland's management. 
In 1781 the church invited him to become co-pastor 
with his father, and five years later sole pastor, 
Mr. Ryland, Sr., having removed to the neighbor- 
hood of London. His labors at Northampton were 
greatly blessed. He took a deep interest and a 
leading part in the formation of the Missionary 
Society, and at the close of his life he became its 
secretary. In April, 1792, he received a unani- 
mous invitation to the two offices of pastor of the 
Broadmead church, Bristol, and president of the 
Baptist college in that city. After prolonged con- 
sideration he at length decided to accept the call, 
and entered upon his duties at Bristol at the be- 
ginning of 1794. For upwards of thirty years he 
was the most eminent Baptist minister in the west 
of England, and was greatly esteemed by men of 
all ranks and denominations. The college flour- 
ished under his presidency, and for a long time he 
exercised by common consent a kind of episcopal 
supervision over a large number of churches. His 
correspondence was extensive. An ardent Liberal 
in political and ecclesiastical principles, he felt a 
lively interest in American matters, and had fre- 



quent communications with American correspond- 
ents respecting them, and also concerning mission- 
ary work. He wrote and published a considerable 
number of special discourses and tractates on im- 
portant subjects, and also several hymns now in 
general use in public worship. 

John Foster says of him, that as a preacher " he 
excelled very many deservedly esteemed preachers 
in variety of topics and ideas. To the end of his life 
he was a great reader, and very far from being 
confined to one oi-der of subjects, and he would 
freely avail himself of these resources for diversi- 
fying and illustrating the subjects of his sermons. 
The readers of the printed sketches of his sermons, 
who never heard him, can have no adequate idea 
of the spirit, force, and compulsion on the hearer's 
attention with which the sermons were delivered." 
He died at Bristol on May 25, 1825, in his seventy- 
third year. The funeral sermon, preached by 
Robert Hall, is well known as one of the choicest 
specimens of pulpit eloquence in our literature. 

Kyland, Robert, D.D., a distinguished minister 
and educator, was born in King and Queen Co., 
Va., March 14, 1805 ; was baptized into the fellow- 
ship of Bruington Baptist church in 1824, licensed 
to preach in 1825, and ordained in 1827. After 
studying the Latin and Greek languages, he entered 
Columbian College, Washington, D. C, where he 
graduated in 1826. The next year he became pastor 
of the church at Lynchburg, and filled the position 
for five years. In 1832 he took charge of the manual 
labor school at Richmond, Va. This institution 
developed into Richmond College, which was char- 
tered in 1844, with Dr. Ryland as president. In 
1866 he resigned and was made pastor of the First 
African Baptist church, in Richmond, serving it 
for twenty-five years, during which time he bap- 
tized into its fellowship over 3800 persons. In 
1868 he removed to Shelbyville, Ky., where he 
taught a female school and preached to several 
country churches. He has' since been similarly 
engaged at Lexington, and is now president of a 
female seminary, and preaches to the church at 
New Castle, Ky. 

Dr. Ryland is one of the most distinguished 
Baptist ministers in this country. His services to 
the cause of truth have been invaluable, and he 
occupies an affectionate place in the regards of his 
brethren in every State of the Union. 



SACKETT 



1019 



SACRED 



S. 



Sackett, Rev. John Buell, was born in Tobias, I 
N. Y., Jan. 8, 1812; under the labors of Dr. Vin- 
ton, missionary to Burmah, was converted and bap- 
tized in 1831 ; studied at Hamilton, and entei'ed 
the pastorate at Kingsville, 0., where he continued ! 
with great success nine years ; was subsequently 
pastor of the churches at Mount Vernon, Lan- | 
caster, and Fredericktown. In 1862 he became | 
corresponding secretary of the Ohio State Conven- \ 
tion, assuming later, in connection with this office, | 
the duties of superintendent of missions and finan- j 
cial agent. From October, 1869, to October, 1870, j 
while retaining the office of corresponding secre- 
tary, gave most of his time to the struggling church 
at Oberlin, but, on the completion of their house 
of worship, resumed his full duties, and remained 
in the State service until his sudden death, at 
Clyde, Dec. 24, 1870. Mr. Sackett was a man 
of sterling worth, and has left the impress of his 
genial Christian character on many of the Ohio 
churches. 

Sacred Scriptures, Inspiration of the.— In 

saying that the Scriptures are inspired we mean 
the Scriptures in the languages in which they were 
originally written. - "We do not claim that the tran- 
scribers and translators of the original Scriptures 
enjoyed the same divine protection from error 
which controlled the original writers. It is well 
known that the first manuscripts of the New Testa- 
ment, for instance, have all been lost. It is also 
evident that the work of transcribing and retran- 
scribing subjected the text to possible variations. 
No supernatural aid was given to shield the tran- 
scribers from such mistakes. Then any transla- 
tion of the New Testament could be valuable and 
accurate only in so far as it reproduced most faith- 
fully the language and spirit of the original text. 
No one will claim that in translating the Scrip- 
tures the same divine aid is enjoyed which was 
given to holy men of God in writing them. The 
fact then that in the determination of the original 
text we are left to the comparison of the difierent 
transcriptions yet extant with the ancient versions 
and quotations that give them support, and that 
more perfect translations and revisions are contin- 
ually needed, does not in the least militate against 
the doctrine that the original Scriptures were in- 
spired. 

Of course the oldest manuscripts existing have 
the greatest authority in determining the ac- 



curacy of the text. There are several manuscript 
copies of the New Testament extant, but the num- 
ber of the oldest, and consequently the most valu- 
able, may be reduced to four. 

1. The Sinaitic manuscript (Codex Sinaiticus), 
probably the most ancient of New Testament man- 
uscripts, was discovered by Tischendorf, in 1859, 
at the convent of St. Catherine, near Mount Sinai. 
It is now at St. Petersburg. Tischendorf thinks 
it was written about the middle of the fourth cen- 
tury. 

2. The Vatican manuscript (Codex Vatican us) 
is also of the fourth century. It is in the Vatican 
library of Rome. It is not so complete as the Sina- 
itic manuscript. Schaff judges it to be more correct. 

3. The Alexandrian manuscript (Codex Alexan- 
drinus) was brought from Alexandria in Egypt by 
Cyril Lucar, patriarch of that city. It was pre- 
sented by him to Charles I. of England in 1628. 
It is now in the British Museum. It is of the 
fifth century probably. 

4. The manuscript of Ephraim the Syrian (Codex 
Ephraimi Syri). The name of this manuscript is 
derived from the fact that the divine Word was 
partly erased, and that some of the works of 
Ephraim the Syrian were written over it. It is 
of the fifth century, and is now in the library of 
the Louvre at Paris. 

These four areMnci'aZ manuscripts, — that is, they 
are written in capital letters of a large size, — 
while later, or cursive, manuscripts, are written in 
a running hand Greek. 

" If these four manuscripts agree in support of a 
reading, their testimony outweighs that of all the 
others." 

Granting that the Scriptures contain a divine 
revelation, the question remains. Are these Scrip- 
tures an infallible communication of that revela- 
tion? It is not enough for us to be convinced that 
God revealed himself to chosen men, and that these 
men communicated his revelation to others by writ- 
ing. "We ask, Did they communicate it correctly 
and fully? Did they enjoy such a degree of divine 
aid as was sufficient to preserve them from all 
error, and to render their communication infallible 
and authoritative? The question is not. How did 
the sacred writers obtain the truths they record ? but, 
How did they transmit that truth to their fellow- 
men? 

"We hold that the Scriptures ^re divinely in- 



SACRED 



1020 



SACRED 



spired, — that is, that in writing them the sacred 
penmen enjoyed the supernatural influence and 
guidance of the divine Spirit in a measure sufficient 
to secure its end, — the infallible com,munication of 
divine truth. This is what we mean by inspira- 
tion. The inspiration of the Scriptures has to do 
with its writers simply as the recorders of the 
truth. In the words of Dr. Hovey, " The sacred 
writers were moved and assisted by the Holy 
Spirit to put on record .all which the Bible, apart 
from errors in the text, now contains." We hold 
such assistance by the Spirit to have been neces- 
sary, because without it it would be impossible for 
erring man to give us an infallible record, and 
without an infallible record we could possess no 
reliable authoritative rule of faith and practice. 

In determining whether such supernatural assist- 
ance was given to the writers, we refer to the ex- 
alted character of the Word of God and to the tes- 
timony of the Scriptures themselves. 

Apart from direct Scripture testimony, there are 
weighty considerations which lead us to expect 
that God would provide for man a perfectly infal- 
lible record of his revealed will. The very fact 
that God has given a revelation to man furnishes 
presumptive proof that he has secured an infallible 
and perfect record of it. What advantage would 
there be in a revelation imperfectly transmitted ? 
Could it demand our trust and obedience? Would 
not such a revelation be practically worthless? And 
can we believe that God would suffer his design in 
giving a revelation to be utterly frustrated by 
neglecting to provide for its perfect transmission ? 
Are we not compelled to believe that God would 
complete this work and secure to us its perpetual 
benefits by means of an infallible record ? 

Everything that goes to pi-ove that the Bible 
contains a revelation from God furnishes evidence 
of the completeness of its inspiration. There is, 
we claim, no rational way of accounting for the 
wonderful character of the Scriptures unless they 
are divinely inspired. Such truths, thus written, 
must have been not only divinely given, but di- 
vinely recorded. 

As regards the New Testament, it is plainly prom- 
ised to the apostles by the Master that through the 
power of the Holy Spirit they would be enabled 
to convey the divine truth given to them in an in- 
fallible manner. (Compare Matt. x. 19; Luke xii. 
12; John xiv. 26 ; xv. 26, 27 ; xvi. 13; xiii. 20; 
XX. 21-23.) 

In relation to the New Testament writers who 
were not apostles, it is true that the promise of 
immediate divine guidance was not primarily given 
to them, but they must have shared in it. Their 
fellowship and intimate intercourse with the apos- 
tles lead us to accept the generally-received opinion 
that they wrote under the direction and supervision 



of apostles. The character of their writings proves 
their equal inspiration. 

Accepting the fact that the New Testament 
Scriptures were inspired, the inspiration of the 
Old Testament necessarily follows. The Old Tes- 
tament is the basis of the New. The New Testa- 
ment writers constantly refer to the words of the 
Old Testament as the words of the Spirit, the words 
of God. (Compare Luke i. 70 ; Heb. i. 1 ; 1 Peter 
i. 10-12 ; 2 Peter i. 21.) In 2 Tim. iii. 16, the tes- 
timony regarding the inspiration of the Old Testa- 
ment is emphatically asserted by Paul, " All Scrip- 
ture is given by inspiration of God." Evidently the 
apostle here refers to the Old Testament, and speaks 
of it as inspired of God. 

But what is the nature and extent of that in- 
fluence which the Holy Spirit exerted over the 
writers in producing the sacred books? What is 
implied in a guidance sufficient to secure its end, — 
the infallibility of the record? What kind and 
amount of influence are needed to secure this end? 

In approximating an answer, the human element 
in Scripture must be taken into consideration and 
given its due weight. The individuality of each 
writer stands out plainly in his writings. Any 
theory of inspiration which ignores this fact is 
defective. 

But the human element must ever be held in 
subordination to the divine element. 

Taking both points into consideration, the only 
adequate explanation of the phenomena before us 
can be this, — that while the writers were left to 
the free exercise of their individual faculties, they 
were at the same time so influenced, guided, and 
controlled in the use not only of their thoughts but 
also of their words, that their writings may be 
truly said to be the word not of men but of God. 

If the Spirit's work in regeneration and sanctifi- 
cation does not restrict the free exercise of our own 
personal activities, why should it do so in inspira- 
tion? If God can guide minutely and absolutely 
our purposes, affections, and destiny in the new 
birth without interfering with our personal freedom 
of volition and action, why should we conceive it 
to be incredible that he should guide men minutely 
in writing his revelation without such an interfer- 
ence? 

If preservation from error is to be secured by 
inspiration, it is absolutely necessary that the as- 
sistance, influence, and guidance granted by the 
Spirit should extend to the words as well as the 
thoughts communicated. Thought is clothed in 
words, language is the garment, the incarnation, 
so to speak, of thought. How can they be sepa- 
rated? How can thought be infallibly conveyed 
unless it is clothed in infallible language? 

The very idea of inspiration involves divine as- 
sistance and guidance. A divine influence which 



SAGE 



1021 



SAGE 



does not extend to the languapje is not sufficient 
to secure its end, — the perfect infallibility of the 
Scriptures. If the writers had been' left to them- 
selves in the choice of words, it does not appear 
how they could have been preserved from error- 
"Without a special divine protection the sacred 
writers were liable, as other writers are, to employ 
inadequate and erroneous expressions. Nothing 
short of a special divine interposition was sufficient 
to preserve them from all such errors in language. 
Either the divine influence exerted was sufficient to 
protect the writers from all error in language, or it 
was not sufficient to do this. If it was not suffi- 
cient, we have no assurance that the record is reli- 
able; if it was sufficient, then the inspiration was 
verbal. 

The apostle in 2 Tim. iii. 16, speaks of the 
•' Scripture^ as inspired, — that is, the wriiinr/, not 
the thoughts simply. We have to do then with 
the inspiration of a book, the inspiration of certain 
writings ; but the inspiration of a book, the in- 
spiration of a certain writing, necessarily involves 
the inspiration of its language. How can a hook, 
a writing, be inspired of God unless its words are 
the product of a divine influence and guidance? 
If all Scripture is given by inspiration of God its 
written words are inspired. 

Accepting, then, heartily, the fact that the Scrip- 
tures do not only contain a divine revelation, but 
that they are the infallible record of that revela- 
tion ; that both as to thought and expression they 
were penned under the guidance, influence, and 
protection from error of the Holy Spirit ; that they 
reveal to us God's thoughts in the words he has 
chosen to convey them; that though the Bible is 
given through man it is not to be taken as the word 
of men, but, as it is in truth, the word of God; 
holding firmly that the influence exerted by the 
Holy Spirit in recording the Scriptures is an influ- 
ence differing in manner and degree from the gen- 
eral influence of the Spirit ; that it is a special and 
gracious influence restricted to the sacred writers 
exclusively ; we believe that we have in these Scrip- 
tures the sole and sufficient divine authority and 
rule regarding the way of salvation, and regarding 
every Christian doctrine, duty, and hope. Chris- 
tians ask no other standard. No human authority 
can for a moment take its place. What it teaches 
they feel bound to believe ; what it commands they 
feel bound to practice, and that only. 

Sage, Adoniram Judson, D.D,, was born in 
Massillon, 0., in 1836; removed to Granville; in 
1844 settled with parents near Cincinnati ; attended 
school for three years in Covington, Ky. ; at fifteen 
served one year as private tutor ; gave three years 
to teaching school ; fitted for college ; entered 
Rochester University, and graduated in 1860; en- 
tered Rochester Theological Seminary, and gradu- 



ated in 1863 ; pastor of Shelburne Falls Baptist 
church, Mass., from 1863 to 1867 ; supplied Strong 
Place church, Brooklyn, N. Y., four months; pastor 
of Fourth church, Philadelphia, Pa., from 1868 to 




ADONIRAM JUDSOX SAfJE, D.D. 

1869; supplied Pierpont Street church, Brooklyn, 
N. Y., five months ; Professor of Latin in Roches- 
ter University, 1870-71 ; settled with First Baptist 
church, Hartford, Conn., in 1872, where he is still 
preaching witli marked success. In his ministry 
thus far (1880) he has baptized about 300 persons; 
wields an unusually elegant and effective pen ; has 
written important articles for The Examiner and 
other leading periodicals ; delivered addresses at 
commencements; is-president of Connecticut Bap- 
tist State Convention, and trustee of Connecticut 
Literary Institution ; received honorary degree of 
D.D. from Rochester University in 1872 ; for tal- 
ents, attainments, and character honored as a leader 
in Connecticut and as a prominent minister out of 
it. 

Sage, Deacon Oren, son of Giles Sage, was 
born at Middletown, Conn., Dec. 25. 1787, and 
died at Rochester, N. Y., Sept. 12, 1866. At six- 
teen years of age he was converted. In 1809 he 
settled at Ballston, but in 1827 transferred his 
business to Rochester, N. Y., where he perma- 
nently settled. He made himself felt at once as a 
Christian and a Baptist. To him more than to any 
other one man our denomination owes its success- 
ful start and career in Rochester. His growing 
means gave him a commanding position, which he 
faithfully used for the promotion of religious work 



I 



SAGE 



1022 



SAEER 



in general and his own loved denomination in par- 
ticular. 

All classes of men in the city knew and loved 
him. In his own church every member was his 
personal friend. During the pastorates of five 
successive ministers, through a period of forty 
years, Deacon Sage was a pillar of the church. 

At the age of sixty-three he became one of the 
prime movers of the project of establishing the 
University of Rochester. lie appreciated the value 
of education, and was always deeply interested in 
the welfare of students. The Theological Seminary 
of Rochester received his close attention ; the edu- 
cation of the ministry was always near to his heart. 

The cause of city missions received much of its 
best support from him, and the development of the 
Baptist interest from one to six churches in Roches- 
ter is largely due to the impulse which he gave it. 

His character showed a remarkable combination 
of qualities. Strength and sweetness, justice and 
mercy, force and patience, were united in it. His 
temperament was at once ardent and enduring. 
He could work and wait. He was wise and also 
childlike. The spirit of the Master seemed to have 
possessed him wholly. For him to live was Christ, 
and his last words were, " As for me, I am going to 
glorify God." 

Sage, William Nathan, second son of Deacon 
Oren Sage, was born at Ballston, Saratoga Co., 
N. Y., July 15, 1819. At the age of eight, in 
1827, he removed with his parents to Rochester. 
He was converted at eleven, and united with the 
First Baptist church of Rochester, Jan. 2, 1831, 
and was identified from his childhood with the 
growth and prosperity of that church ; for fifty- 
one years in its Sabbath-school as a scholar, secre- 
tary, teacher, superintendent, and Bible-class in- 
structor, for forty-eight years in the church, and 
for nearly twenty years a deacon. At the age of 
twenty-one he graduated from Brown University, 
in the class of 1840, with Drs. E. Dodge, H. G. 
Weston, W. T. Brantly, J. R. Kendrick, H. Lin- 
coln, and Franklin Wilson, and a number of others 
who have been prominent in political life. He was 
one of the prime movers in the organization and 
establishment of the Rochester Theological Semi- 
nary and the University of Rochester. He has 
been secretary and treasurer of the latter from the 
commencement, and financial agent since 1850. 
These trusts he has filled with eminent ability and 
sagacity. 

In 1855, Mr. Sage was elected for three years as 
county clerk, and although often solicited, after 
filling that office with great credit, to accept other 
political offices, he has firmly refused. He has 
often been honored with positions of high trust, 
such as manager of the House of Refuge, a State 
institution, president of Rochester Orphan Asylum, 



president of the Sage Deposit Company, president 
and trustee of the Dime Savings-Bank, president 
of the Citizens' Association, executor of several 
estates, president of the Christian Union Associa- 
tion at Martha's Vineyard, and numerous other 
responsibilities. In a report by President M. B. 
Anderson to the trustees of the University of 
Rochester is found this testimonial : " The first 
twenty years of growth and prosperity on the part 
of this university have been greatly due to the skill, 
judgment, and self-sacrificing labor of William N. 
Sage. 

Saker, Rev. Alfred, for more than thirty-seven 
years a missionary of the English Baptist Mission- 
ary Society in Western Africa, will in after-ages be 
remembered with Livingstone and Moffat and Mac- 
kenzie among the founders of African Christian civ- 
ilization. When the mission to Western Africa was 
commenced, Mr. and Mrs. Saker, then members 
of the Morice Square church, Devonport, offered 
themselves for the work. It was the purpose of 
the missionary executive to use a small steamer 
in connection with mission work, and Mr. Saker 
went out in the position of assistant missionary, 
combining with that the duties of engineer. This 
plan, however, was not carried out, but Mr. 
Saker'.s trained capacity found ample scope in the 
circumstances of the mission. Shortly after his 
arrival at Fernando Po, the headquarters of the 
Baptist missionaries, he visited the tribes on the 
mainland at the mouth of the Cameroons River. 
Here he built a house suitable for the work, with 
his own hands, and gradually acquired acquaint- 
ance with the language of the people. Within two 
years of the commencement of his labors he had 
reduced their language to writing and prepared a 
lesson-book for the school which he had formed. 
With the printing-press and material sent to him 
by the church at Devonport he printed school- 
books for the use of his scholars and portions of 
the New Testament. In 1849 the church at Cam- 
eroons was formed, and a Christian civilization be- 
gan to spread itself there through Mr. Saker's 
efforts. He induced the people to labor with some- 
thing like regularity in agriculture, introducing 
various plants, such as bread-fruit, mangoes, or- 
anges, and other fruits and vegetables for daily 
sustenance. These productions, moreover, ena- 
bled them to obtain manufactured articles from 
the ships frequenting the river, and in the coui-se 
of a few years a civilized community was estab- 
lished. He taught his converts the industrial arts,, 
and soon found himself surrounded by artisans of 
all sorts, — carpenters, smiths, bricklayers, etc. 
The more forward scholars soon became helpful in 
the printing-office work, and aided in the transla- 
tion and printing of the Scriptures in the Dualla 
tongue, which was his life-long task. In 1851 the 



SALIN 



SALTER 



mission was reduced by death to such a degree 
that not a single fellow-laborer remained of those 
who went out with him, except one or two colored 
brethren. All his European colleagues were gone, 
and he was left alone. Hitherto he had been in a 
subordinate position, but now from necessity he 
was obliged to take the lead. In 1853 the Spanish 
government, instigated by the Jesuit missionaries, 
insisted on the departure of the Baptists from Fer- 
nando Po, and suppressed all Protestant worship. 
The converts resolved to accompany their teachers, 
and the whole Baptist community removed under 
Mr. Saker's guidance to Amboises Bay, on the 
mainland. He purchased a tract of land on the 
coast from the Bimbia chief, and mapped out the 
new colony of Victoria. Under his energetic super- 
intendence and untiring personal labor the ground 
was soon covered with houses and gardens for the 
exiles. Mr. Saker's influence upon the native chiefs 
and their people was most successfully exercised in 
suppressing many of their cruel and sanguinary 
customs. Indeed, if he had chosen, he might have 
made himself their king in the later years of his 
residence among thein. Although he lived so long 
in a climate deadly to Europeans, he suffered greatly 
from fever and debility. Few who saw him when oc- 
casionally visiting England to recruit his sti-ength, 
can forget the look of extreme emaciation which 
always characterized him. But his soul was full 
of indomitable vigor, and it was not until 1878 
that he finally gave up the work and returned to 
England. As opportunity offered, he visited the 
churches in the interest of missions until March, 
1880, when he entered into rest, aged sixty-five 
years. His devoted wife yet survives him. 

Salin, Rev. Lewis H., a learned and talented 
Israelite, was born in the kingdom of Bavaria, 
Germany, July 2, 1829, and is the son of Rabbi 
Henry B. Salin. He was educated in his native 
country. He came to the United States a young 
man, and engaged in the mercantile business in 
Cincinnati. In 1852 he was converted to Christ, 
and united with Longridge Baptist church in Owen 
Co., Ky., where he has since resided. He was li- 
censed to preach in 1855, and ordained in 1857. 
He has usually been pastor of four country and 
village churches, but he has also labored exten- 
sively and very successfully as an evangelist in the 
towns and cities of the State. 

Sallis, James G., M.D., a prominent physician 
in Attala Co., Miss., deacon in the Baptist Church, 
and one of the most efficient Sunday-school work- 
ers in his part of the State, was born in Alabama 
in 1825. He has resided in Mississippi since 1848. 

Salter, Lieut.-Gov. Melville Judson, was born 

in Sardinia, Wyoming Co., N. Y., June 20, 1834, 
and was one year old when his parents removed to 
Battle Creek, Mich. They removed again, in 1840, 



to Marshall, Mich., where he was converted at the 
age of sixteen, and united with the Baptist Church. 
He is a self-educated man. He removed to Cali- 
fornia, where he spent some time. On hearing of 




LIEUT.-GOV. MELVILLE JUDSON SALTER. 

the death of his mother in Michigan, he took pas- 
sage on the steamer " Cortez" to Nicaragua, Avhere 
the vessel was seized, and the whole crew came 
near being pressed into the serviceof Gen, Walker, 
and but for the prompt action of Capt. Collins the 
object might have been accomplished. At Panama 
about forty of the passengers stopped at the " Ocean 
House." In a mere freak, Mr. Salter suggested to 
a comrade that they board a train just leaving for 
Aspinwall, and in twenty minutes after a riot broke 
out in which every American guest at the "Ocean 
House" was killed. He and his comrade only es- 
caped. In 1871 he removed with his wife and 
three sons to the neighborhood of Thayer, Neosho 
Co., Kansas. In 1872 great excitement prevailed 
among the settlers on the Osage ceded lands. A 
protective association was formed, and he was 
elected chief counselor. Here his executive abili- 
ties were demonstrated. The settlers triumphed in 
the contest for their homes. In 1874 he was elected 
lieutenant-governor of Kansas, and in 1876 was 
re-elected, and also appointed regent of Manhattan 
College. In 1877 he was appointed register of Inde- 
pendence land-office. He is also a deacon of the 
Baptist church. While the church was unable to 
support a pastor he led in the services and read 
sermons on the Sabbath, and superintended the 
Sunday-school with acceptance and success. Lieut.- 



SAMSON 



1024 



SAMSON 



Gov. Salter's religion is of that kind that will bear 
transportation without yielding. 

Samson, Rev. Abisha, was bom at Woodstock, 
Vt., Sept. 28, 1783. He was hopefully converted 
when about seventeen years of age, and joined the 
Congregational church in Halifax, Mass. In the 
spring of 1805, finding his views moi-e in harmony 
with those of the Baptists, he united with the 
First Baptist church in Providence, R. I., where 
he was then residing. In 1804 he commenced to 
study with Rev. W. Williams, of Wrentham, Mass. 
with the intention of entering the Christian min- 
istry. He was licensed by the First church, in 
Providence, in April, 1805, and was oi-dained in 
June, 1806, in the meeting-house of the church of 
which he was a member, and at once entered upon 
his work as pastor of the church in Tisbury, Mar- 
tha's Vineyai-d, Mass., in which place, and in ad- 
joining places, his ministry was very successful. 
Circumstances which he could not conti-ol led to his 
resignation and acceptance of a call to Harvard, 
Mass., in 1812, where he remained, a most useful 
pastor, for twenty years. In 1832 he took charge 
of the church in Southborough, Mass., remaining 
there for eight years, when he removed to Worces- 
ter, Mass., and after four yeai-s to Washington, 
D. C, to reside with his son. Rev. Dr. Samson, then 
president of Columbian College, where he died, 
June 24, 1861. 

Samson, George Whitefield, D.D., was bom 

Sept. 29, 1819, at Harvard, Mass. His father, 
Abisha Samson, was the sixth in descent from 
Abraham Samson, who came to Plymouth among 
the earliest Pilgrims ; and his mother, Mehetable 
Kenrick, was the sixth in descent from one of the 
earliest Puritan settlers at Boston, Mass. Fron\ 
the age of eight young Samson was his father's 
chief reader, — his eyesight having failed entirely, 
— and by this means, before he was thirteen years 
old, he became familiar with Scott's " Commen- 
tary," Gill's " Divinity," Buck's " Theological Dic- 
tionary," and such early Andover press-issues as 
Jahn's"01d Testament Inti-odnction," "Biblical 
Archaeology," etc. At the age of twelve, during a 
series of "four days' meetings" held in 1831, lie 
was hopefully converted, and was baptized by his 
father in November of that year. The reading of 
the memoir of the first Mrs. Judson led him to 
resolve to study for the ministi-y, having in view 
the foreign mission work. In the spring of 1832 
he began to prepare for college under the Rev. 
Chas. Train, of Framingham ; and in June, 1833, 
at the opening of the Worcester Manual Labor 
School, under the charge of Silas Bailey, he became 
one of its first pupils, and a favorite of the Hon. 
Isaac Davis, one of its chief patrons. He entered 
Brown University in September, 1835, and gradu- 
ated in 1839. In the mean time he was an occa- 



sional correspondent of, and reporter for, the Chris- 
tian Watchman, Boston. During 1839-40 he was 
assistant principal, under Prof. S. S. Greene, at the 
Worcester Manual Labor School, during which 




GEORGE WHITEFIELD SAMSON, D.D. 

time he was licensed to preach by the First Baptist 
church, AVorcester. He entered Newton Theologi- 
cal Seminary in September, 1840, and graduated in 
1843. Meanwhile he preached in the summer vaca- 
tion of 1841 at Martha's Vineyard, and in the spring 
and summer of 1842 at Washington, D. C, the E 
Street church being constituted at his second visit, 
Oct. 6, 1842, with twenty-one members. In the au- 
tumn of 1842 he was invited by the Baptist Gen- 
eral Convention to take charge of the Karen Col- 
lege, about to be organized, but circumstances 
prevented, and Dr. Binney accepted the appoint- 
ment. During the winter of 1842-43, Rev. Jacob 
Knapp was preaching for the new church in Wash- 
ington, and M. B. Anderson, now of Rochester 
University, and at that time tutor in Waterville 
College, was with the church during December and 
January. At the solicitation of the church, Mr. 
Samson spent three months with them following 
up the work, which resulted in the addition of 120 
new memberf. Returning to Newton, he finished 
his course, and graduated in 1843, and was ordained 
at Washington in August. After four years of 
arduous labor, having specially prepared himself 
for the study of art and of Biblical archaeology, 
he spent a year in the East and in Western Europe, 
devoting half a year to Goshen, the Desert of Si- 
nai, and Palestine ; following the route of Napo- 



SAMSON 



1025 



SANCTIFICATION 



leon's engineers in 1798-99 tiirough the delta re- 
traced by Seetzen in 1810, and personally finding 
the valley east of Jebel Mousa, regarded by early 
Christians as the place of Israel's encampment, 
and since his visit recognized by French and Ger- 
man scholars. He satisfactorily identified also the 
sites of Christ's birth, baptism, transfiguration, 
death, ascension, and other localities. A series of 
letters was written for the Watchman, of Boston ; 
three articles on Goshen were prepared for the 
Christian Review; one on Sinai for the Bibliotheca 
Sacra; a treatise on the places of New Testament 
baptisms ; a small volume on spiritualism, — all ap- 
pearing between 1848 and 1851. Returning to 
Washington, he remained with the E Street church 
from 1848 to 1850, when he became, for two years, 
the successor of Dr. Hague at Jamaica Plain, Mass. 
Returning again to Washington, he continued pas- 
tor of the church for eight years, having among 
his regular hearers Amos Kendall, Sam Houston, 
AV. L.^Marcy, Thos. Corwin, W. A. Graham, Duff 
Green, Stephen A. Douglas, and other prominent 
statesmen. In 1858 he was elected president of 
the Columbian College, Washington, D. C, and 
within two years the number of students was con- 
siderably increased, many donations were made, 
and the legacies of Prof. R. Elton, D.D., John 
Withers, and James McCutchen given. At the 
opening of the war the main college edifice was 
rented to the government as a hospital, and it was 
the only building thus occupied for which a written 
lease was given. Prior to the war, as early as 
1845, when the Southern Baptist Convention was 
formed, the E Street church, at the suggestion of 
the pastor, voted that in missionary collections all 
who chose might designate their contributions, 
while undesignated funds should be equally divided 
between the North and the South. Dr. Samson 
was associated with the boards of the Northern and 
the Southern organizations, and was a trustee of 
the Southern Theological Seminary at Greenville. 
Prior and up to the opening of the war, the most 
extreme political partisans met at the communion 
table in his church. During the war he was per- 
mitted by President Lincoln and his cabinet, and 
especially by the Secretaries of State and of War, 
and l)y the Postmaster-General, to keep alive all 
possible religious and missionary exchanges between 
the North and the South. At the close of the war 
everything connected with the college needed im- 
provement. W. W. Corcoran, LL.D., s\hce a most 
munificent donor, gave a building for the medical 
department ; a law-school of marked efficiency was 
organized, and a building purchased and fitted for 
the purpose, and made to pay for itself; the college 
building improved, a new preparatory school built, 
and a theological department organized for young 
men, white and colored, temporarily residing in 



Washington. The inci-easing labors and cares of 
President Samson led him, in 1871, to resign, after 
twelve yeai-s' arduous service as president, and 
twenty-five as a trustee, in order to accept the pres- 
idency of Rutgers Female College, New York City. 
In 1873 he accepted the pastorate of the First Bap- 
tist church, Harlem, now Mount Morris Baptist 
church. New York, though retaining his connection 
with Rutgers College as president up to 1875, and 
as lecturer on art up to the present time. Dr. 
Samson has, notwithstanding his arduous labors, 
written much. In addition to the writings already 
mentioned, he published, in 1866, "Elements of 
Art Criticism," and in 1868 an abridged edition of 
the same ; numerous small treatises and articles in 
weeklies, monthlies, and quarterlies, especially on 
the subjects of "Evolution" and the "Future 
State." A small volume on the " Atonement His- 
torically Considered" has just been published, and 
a treatise on "Wine in Religious Uses" has been 
prepared by him at the request of two Conventions. 
No Baptist clergyman in the country is perhaps 
better known throughout the denomination than 
Dr. Samson. 

Sanctification. — Sanctification [AyLaanog] is sep- 
aration from the world, purity of heart and life, , 
holiness. 

The inspired truth of God is the instrument by 
which the soul is sanctified, and the Spirit of God 
is the author of that blessed work. 

It commences in the soul when the Comforter 
gives a new heart, and when, he imparts that faith 
in Jesus which enables the believer to shake off 
the allurements and power of sin. 

Its nature is often misunderstood by Christians. 
In the unconverted man there is but one bent, one 
inclination, and it always points to some form of 
selfishness or sin. He forgets God, or only thinks 
of him to resist him. And though his conscience 
may occasionally remonstrate with him, yet he has 
but one purpose in life. The Christian has two 
dispositions: the controlling one is governed by 
love to Christ and hatred of sin ; the inferior one 
is composed of the remains of his corrupt nature, 
and it is full of hatred to Jesus and a holy life. 
These opposite inclinations are found in some 
measure in every regenerated member of Christ's 
family, from the most perfect disciple, ready for 
heaven, to the most defective believer, just born of 
the Spirit. There never was a true believer on 
earth entirely free from the abiding evil of which 
Paul speaks in Romans vii. 23 : " But I see an- 
other law in my members, warring against the law 
of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the 
law of sin which is in my members." This law 
of sin needs continual watching, and it needs re- 
sistless grace ; and it only perishes in a child of 
God when death destroys the life of the body. 



SANCTIFICATION 



1026 



SANDERS 



Sanctification, after it is commenced by the new 
birth and a firm reliance upon Christ, consists in 
a constant growth in faith and in love to Christ; 
these developments of the religious life impose in- 
creased restraints upon our evil tendencies, and 
give fidditional power to our earnest and frequent 
prayers for grace to overcome every foe of Jesus 
within and around us. 

We should aim at complete consecration to God. 
The Saviour says, " Be ye perfect even as your 
Father who is in heaven is perfect ;" that is, "Be 
fully developed {reTiewi) or complete (in the graces 
of the Spirit) as your Father who is in heaven is 
complete (in all the grand attributes of his being)." 
Paul says, " I beseech you therefore, brethren, by 
the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a 
living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which 
is your reasonable service." When any creature 
was given to a Jewish priest to be oflered up to 
God in sacrifice, nothing was retained by the wor- 
shiper, not even a portion of the hair or of the wool. 
A Jewish altar must be built not of hewn, but of 
whole stones (Joshua viii. 31) ; the priest must not 
be deformed or injured : he must be a perfect phys- 
ical man ; and the sacrifice must be without blem- 
ish, and must be given whole to the priest. And 
we are required to present our bodies a living sac- 
rifice, an enduring and complete offering to God. 

Sanctification is n. progressive work. Paul says, 
" Leaving the principles (rudiments) of the doc- 
trine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection ;" that 
is, unto the full development of Christian graces. 
An intelligent patriot, in a time of war, enlists ; 
but though he loves his country, and has a strong 
body and a vigorous mind, he needs drilling to 
make him useful. Five thousand veterans could 
chase one hundred thousand warriors of his order. 
But let him be drilled for six months, and pass 
through two or three battles, and he is fitted for 
anything which the experienced and brave patriot 
can achieve. So the believer, as he journeys along 
the narrow way, learns more every day of the cun- 
ning and perseverance of sin, and of the power of 
grace to resist it ; and while he may never be freed 
from the attacks of the tempter, nor from his in- 
ternal weaknesses, till death, yet he may become 
a powerful veteran in watching, fighting, and 
routing sin ; and he may become strong in the 
Lord and in the power of his might, so that sin 
shall never have dominion over him. 

A holy heart and life give the richest pleasure. 
When the believer falls he prepares for the most 
miserable doubts, and for bitter repentance. Soon 
he will be crying, " Has God forgotten to be gra- 
cious?" "Cast me not away from thy presence 
and take not thy Holy Spirit from me." "Restore 
unto me the joys of thy salvation and uphold me 
with thy free Spirit." And, besides, the chastis- 



ing hand of God may fall heavily upon him and 
his, to make him renounce sin. But if he is only 
faithful to Jesus, grace equal to every trial will be 
given him ; Jesus will walk with him in every 
furnace of affliction, and give him joy when the 
most acute anguish shall scourge others. So Paul 
was blessed in his sorrows, and as a result, he says, 
" We glory in tribulations also;" and so themartyrs 
have been favored as their bodies were subjected to 
the worst woes that human -cunning could invent; 
the Saviour filled them with his love, and they had 
overflowing pleasures in their agonies. 

Holiness of heart pleases God. The sin of the 
angels drove them from heaven. The guilt of our 
first parents expelled them from Paradise. The 
sinful pride of Moses, when he smote the rock for 
water, shut him out of the earthly Canaan. We 
should follow after holiness, without which no man 
shall see the Lord, and without which our prayers 
will not be heard, for David says, " If I regard in- 
iquity in my heart the Lord will not hear me." 

It gives the world the noblest testimony to the 
power of Christ. A community of holy persons 
attracts the attention of all around them. Their 
purity of life and love to Jesus become proverbial, 
and with the greatest eloquence and success they 
preach the Cross of Jesus, even when they do not 
utter a word. In this way they keep the Saviour's 
words, " Let your light so shine before men that 
they may see your good works, and glorify your 
Father who is in heaven." 

Sanders, Rev. B. M., was born in Columbia 
Co., Ga., Dec. 2, 1789, and was left an orphan at 
an early age. Previous to his entrance upon college 
life in the State University at Athens, in 1806, he 
studied in Kiokee Seminary, under good instructors. 
Leaving Athens, he entered the South Carolina 
College, at Columbia, S. C, April 4, 1808, and was 
graduated Dec. 4, 1809. Hrs education was thus 
far above the generality of the young men of 
Georgia in that day. Returning to his native 
State, he taught in the Columbia County Academy 
two years, and then engaged most successfully in 
the occupation of farming for many years. Mr. 
Sanders united with Kiokee church in 1810, and 
was baptized by Abram Marshall. He was licensed 
to preach by Union church, Warren Co., in 1823, 
at which church he was ordained in 1825, after a 
call by the Williams Creek church, the Presbytery 
being composed of Jesse Mercer, Malachi Reeves, 
Joseph Roberts, John H. AValker, J. P. Marshall, 
and Elisha Perryman. In 1832 he removed to 
Penfield to take charge of Mercer Institute, the 
manual labor school established by the Georgia 
Baptist Convention in January, 1833. Under his 
enei-getic and wise administration the institute 
prospered greatly. Dr. J. H. Campbell, in his 
volume entitled "Georgia Baptists," says of Mr. 



SANDERS 



1027 



SANFORD 



Sanders, " He was not merely the general super- 
intendent of the seminary, but he was teacher, 
stewai'd, and farmer. He had accounts to keep, 
buildings to erect, lands to clear, fence, and culti- 
vate, financial plans to evolve, discipline to ad- 
minister, studies to review, an extensive corre- 
spondence to keep up, besides preaching to the 
churches around, and attending to bis own private 
and agricultural interests. He proved himself to 
be the very mtm for the position, and in all his 
various duties he sustained himself most success- 
fully. God smiled upon his endeavors, public favor 
was conciliated for the institution, the number of 
students increased, pecuniary aid flowed in, and 
precious revivals 'of religion were enjoyed from 
year to year. When the institute was elevated to 
the rank of a college, Mr. Sanders was elected its 
first president, which position he accepted only on 
the condition that the trustees would procure a 
successor at their earliest opportunity. A suc- 
cessor having been obtained, he resigned at the 
close of 1839, having conducted the institution 
successfully through the first seven years of its ex- 
istence. Though no longer the president, he con- 
tinued, in other relations, his untiring efibrts for 
its prosperity. He was about five years its treas- 
urer, without compensation ; and he was a member 
of the board of trustees, and secretary of that board 
up to the time of his decease. He did more to es- 
tablish the university than any other individual." 
With all these duties he did not diminish, but 
rather increased his ministerial labors, preaching 
to various churches. " For more than a quarter 
of a century he was a burning and a shining light 
in the Georgia Association, was its clerk for several 
years, and for nine years its moderator. For many 
years he was more fully identified with all the im- 
portant measures of the Georgia Baptist Conven- 
tion, at least as far as their practical execution 
was concerned, than any other man in the State." 
For six years he was its president, and for a series 
of years was chairman of its Executive Committee. 
For a time he was editor of the Christian Index, 
and generally attended the old Triennial Conven- 
tion, and the Southern Baptist Convention, as a 
delegate. Decision of character, punctuality, in- 
domitable energy, and great moral courage were his 
distinguishing characteristics. During his whole 
Christian life he seemed to make but one contri- 
bution to the cause of human happiness, and that 
was — himself. He will long be held in honor for 
the distinguished part he took in building up 
the Baptist denomination in Georgia ; and by the 
hundreds of young men whom he guided so faith- 
fully and successfully in the paths of education and 
religion, his memory is cherished with the highest 
esteem. He departed this life, after a lingering 
illness, which he endured with cheerful resigna- 



tion, on the 12th of JVIarch, 1852, and his remains 
very appropriately repose in the grave-yard at 
Penfield. 

Sanders, Rev. Henry Martin, pastor of the 

Warburton Avenue Baptist church, Yonkers, N. Y., 
was born in New York City, Nov. 20, 1849. His 
father is the. author of the well-known series of 
school books of that name. He received a thorough 
common-school education in the public schools of 
New York City ; prepared for college in Homer, 
N. Y. ; entered Yale College in 1868. and gradu- 
ated in 1872. While in college Mr. Sanders was 
successful in taking several prizes in composition 
and oratory. After graduation, feeling it his duty 
to enter the ministry, he gave a year to wide read- 
ing and study, entered the Union Theological Semi- 
nary, of New York City, in 1873, and graduated in 
1876. While in the seminary he received a call to 
the chui'ch of which he is at present pastor, and in 
September, 1876, was ordained to the gospel min- 
istry at that church. For so young a man Mr. 
Sanders has a wide reputation as an orator and 
scholar, and is destined to wield a great power 
among Christians of every name. 

Sanderson, Deacon Daniel, was born in 

Rindge, N. H., in 1798. He was left an orphan 
in his childhood, and was obliged to work his way, 
by his own energies, through the world. Having 
been baptized by Rev. Charles Train, he united 
with the Baptist church in Weston, Mass. He was 
one of the constituent members of what are now 
the flourishing churches in Brookline and Jamaica 
Plain, Mass. Removing from the latter to the 
former place, he was made a deacon of the church, 
and for seventeen years was one of its most ac- 
tive and useful members. For many years he was 
on the board of the Massachusetts Baptist Con- 
vention, and for two years was its president. He 
was also for several years one of the trustees of the 
Newton Theological Institution, and a member of 
the executive committee of the American Baptist 
Missionary Union. In all these relations Deacon 
Sanderson performed good service for his Master. 
He died July 26, 1863. 

Sanford, Vincent. — This truly excellent and 
godly man was born in Loudon Co., Va., in April, 
1777 ; when about twenty-six years old he was con- 
verted, and joined the Ketockton church, in his 
native State. In the fall of 1810 he removed to 
Georgia and settled in the town of Greensborough, 
where for some time he engaged in merchandising. 
At that time he was a member of the Shiloh church, 
seven miles distant, there being no Baptist church 
in Greensborough : but in 1821 a Baptist church 
was constituted in that place, largely through his 
influence, in which church he remained until his 
death. He was elected clerk of the Inferior Court 
in 1829, and soon after, clerk of the Superior Court, 



SANFORD 



1028 



SAN FRANCISCO 



which position he retained by successive elections 
as long as he lived. 

In many respects Vincent Sanford v?as a remark- 
able man, being noted chiefly for his purity of 
character ; and perhaps no public man ever had 
more friends or fevrer enemies. " Uncle Vincent," 
as he vras familiarly called, was a general favorite. 
To singular piety he united extreme and unpre- 
tending modesty. He loved to pray, and he loved 
the house of prayer; and the longer he lived the 
nearer to God did he approach. With a clear in- 
tellect and a still clearer hope, he died May 27, 
1859, in the eighty-third year of his age. He was 
one of the many remarkable laymen of Georgia 
whose godly influence did much to give tone and 
character to the denomination in the State. 

Sanford, Rev. J. W., a gifted young preacher 
in Mississippi, was born in Ripley Co., Miss., in 
1848. After thorough preparation in Ripley Male 
Academy, he entered Mississippi College in 1870. 
His remai-kable gifts as an orator soon attracted 
attention, and he was frequently called upon to 
deliver pul)lic addresses. He united with the 
church in 1866, and was at once licensed to preach. 
While in college he supplied several churches in 
the vicinity of Clinton, and after his graduation, in 
1875, he became pastor at Corinth, Miss., in con- 
nection with Baldwyn in the same State. But, 
after a brief and brilliant career, he fell a victim 
to consumption in 1877. 

Sanford, Miles, D.D., was born in Connecticut, 
and preached for a time in the Methodist denomi- 
nation, but changing his views, he became pastor 
of the First Baptist church in Chicago, then editor 
in Detroit. He afterwards returned to Massachu- 
setts, and labored in the pastoral office at Boston, 
Gloucester, and North Adams, and during this lat- 
ter pastorate he also served as chaplain in the 
army. Following this he served the American Bi- 
ble Union as financial secretary, and after retiring 
from this position he accepted the pastoral charge 
of the First church of Salem, N. J., where he la- 
bored for about two years. During this period he 
was a member of the board of trustees of the South 
Jersey Institute. He had fine talents and high 
culture, was an able preacher and an efficient pas- 
tor, and he was loved and honored by all who knew 
him. He died at Salem, N. J., while pastor of the 
First church, Oct. 31, 1874. 

Sanford, Prof. S. P., LL.D., a professor in Mer- 
cer University, at Macon, Ga., a son of Vincent San- 
ford, was born in Greensborough, Ga., Jan. 25, 1816. 
His parents were natives of Loudon Co., Va. In 
1810 they moved to Georgia and settled in Greens- 
borough. His gi-andfather, Jeremiah Sanford, was 
a neighbor and intimate friend of George Washing- 
ton, under whom he served at the siege of York- 
town, witnessing the surrender of Lord Cornwallis. 



Prof. Sanford took a full course in the State 
University, graduating in 1838, sharing the first 
honor with Hope Hull, Isaiah Irwin, and B. M. 
Palmer. While the languages and mathematics 
were his favorite studies, he acquired a particular 
fondness for mathematics under the tuition of 
Prof. C. F. McCay. Three months before his 
graduation he was elected tutor in Mercer Uni- 
versity, in which institution he has been an in- 
structor since August, 1838. He was elected Pro- 
fessor of Mathematics in 1840, a position he still 
holds. As an educator in his particular depart- 
ment, he probably has no superior in the coun- 
try. Besides instructing, he has made his mathe- 
matical knowledge generally serviceable by the 
publication of a series of arithmetics, which have 
a very extended circulation, both North and South. 
He has lately published also an elementary alge- 
bra for schools and academies, which has already 
secured a wide cii'culation. 

Prof. Sanford is energetic and elastic in both 
mind and body. Good-natured, even-tempered, vi- 
vacious, and cheerful, he is popular with students, 
whose attention during recitation he never fails to 
arrest and hold. For more than forty years he 
has been either a Sunday-school superintendent or 
teacher, and much of that time, also, a faithful 
and useful deacon. The degree of LL.D. was con- 
ferred upon him by Mercer University. Outside 
of his particular department he is an accomplished 
scholar, and has, during more than one interreg- 
num, officiated as president of the university. 

San Francisco, Cal.— The First Baptist church 
of San Francisco is the mother of 120 churches 
in the State. It was organized July 6, 1849, with 
six members. It was the first Protestant church 




FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, SAN FRANCISCO. 

edifice erected in California. In size it was 30 
by 50 feet, built of rough joists and sides, roofed 
with ship's sails, walls and ceilings of cotton-cloth, 
and cost, with the ground, $6000. In this build- 
ing the first public school of San Francisco was 
held. The church has rebuilt or enlarged its 



SAN FRANCISCO 



1029 



SAU QUALA 



houses of worship four times, and now occupies a 
beautiful edifice in the heart of the city. There 
are now five Baptist churches, two missions, and a 
Chinese mission in the city. The number of Bap- 
tists is 1310. (See article Metropolitan Temple.) 

San Francisco, Metropolitan Temple of, is 
occupied by the Metropolitan church, the result of 
a union in 1875 of the Second and the Tabernacle 
churches. In five years the number of members 
increased from 231 to 563. The temple was com- 
pleted in 1877, at a cost, including the lots (75 
by 100 feet), of $200,000. It is mainly the bene- 
faction of Deacon Isaac Lankershim as a free place 
of worship. The main auditorium, amphitheatre 
in form, beautifully finished and furnished, ac- 
commodates 3000 hearers ; lecture-room and par- 
lors, 1000 persons. It has eleven other rooms, 
for' pastor, libraries, classes, etc., and two large 
stores. The church meets all expenses of free 
public worship. Rents of stores, and the hall for 
concerts and lectures, are used as a sinking fund 
to pay for the building, in the expectation that 
all will be eventually paid, when the property 
will be a perpetual source of revenue for mission 
purposes. The Sunday evening services are al- 
ways largely attended ; the morning congrega- 
tions are from 600 to 1000. This church is now 
the largest Baptist church, and its congregation 
the largest Protestant one on the Pacific coast. 
(See article L.\nkershim.) 

Sarles, John Wesley, D.D., was born in Bed- 
ford, N. Y., June 26, 1817; became a member of 
the Oliver Street church. New York ; was baptized 
by Dr. Cone, April 5, 1835. He pursued the full 
eight years' course at Hamilton, graduating in 
1847. He became pastor of the newly-formed 
Central church, in Brooklyn, N. Y., and remained 
there for thirty-two years, enjoying an unusually 
successful pastorate. It was supposed that he was 
too firmly rooted to be moved, but the old church 
at Piscataway, N. J., gave him a hearty call, and 
in 1879 he accepted it. His talents and piety are 
well adapted to the important position which he is 
called to fill. In 1860 Madison University gave 
him the degree of D.D. He has by request per- 
mitted several able sermons to be published, and 
his memorial of his excellent wife has been widely 
circulated. Dr. Sarles is one of the purest and 
best ministers in the Baptist denomination. 

Saunders, Rev. Edward Manning, A.M., was 
born Dec. 20, 1829, in Aylesford, Nova Scotia; 
taught in Milton Academy, Queen's Co., Nova Sco- 
tia; entered Acadia College in 1854; graduated 
therein June, 1858 ; ordained pastor of the Baptist 
church in Berwick, Nova Scotia, Dec. 15, 1858 ; 
subsequently studied theology at Newton ; became 
pastor, in 1867, of the Baptist church, Granville 
Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, where he still minis- 



ters. Mr. Saunders is a sound theologian and an 
able preacher. 

Sau QiUala is a S'gan Karen, and was among 
the earlier converts from that interesting people. 
Eminently successful as he was in the commence- 
ment of his Christian life as apreacher of the gospel, 
the missionaries thought him to be a most suitable 
person to be ordained to the work of the Christian 
ministry in 1846, and he soon came to be regarded 
as the leading Karen minister in the Tavoy Mis- 
sion. At a meeting of an Association of Karen 
churches, held at Mata for several days in Jan- 
uary, 1851, we find that " the annual sermon, a 
pertinent and practical discourse, was preached by 
Sau Quala at the opening." The report of the Ex- 
ecutive Committee for 1852 alludes to a remark of 
one of the Tavoy missionaries, who is speaking, 
without doubt, of Sau Quala, as '' a good man in 
whom people repose unbounded confidence. They 
fear they can do nothing without him." For some 
time he was pastor of the church at Pyeekhya. 
The true missionary spirit was in Sau Quala, and 
he yielded to the strong desire he felt to reach his 
countrymen in other parts of Burmah. When Dr. 
Mason commenced the mission at Toungoo, being 
obliged on account of ill health to be absent for a 
time, the whole responsibility of conducting the 
mission devolved on Sau Quala and his native as- 
sistants. Dr. Mason had great confidence in him. 
He had been his teacher in Karen, and had ren- 
dered him aid in translating the Scriptures. He 
commenced his work at Toungoo with apostolic 
zeal, making tours into the adjacent country, and 
preaching, in connection with his assistants, so 
effectually that at the end of their first year's labors 
there were 12 preachers, 14 churches, and 741 mem- 
bers, besides hundreds who had asked to be bap- 
tized but had been advised to wait for a season. 
The tribes of Karens among whom he labored were 
a nation of drunkards and gamblers, exceedingly 
quarrelsome and vindictive. After five years of 
evangelical labor with these savage tribes, as the 
result of the missionary work which had been 
done, there was a Christianized population of 
26,000 souls, of whom nearly 4000 were members 
of churches. Year after year we find the name of 
Sau Quala among the list of native preachers in the 
Toungoo station, and we know he did good work in 
the field of his labors. During all the troubles 
which wrought such havoc with the Karen Chris- 
tians in the Tavoy station, in connection with the 
eccentric movements of Mrs. Mason, he was not 
seduced from his allegiance to the cause he so much 
loved. Said Dr. Warren in his appeal to the Karen 
Christians, " Sau Quala stands firmly ; follow him." 
Mr. Cross says of him, " Quala's character appears 
grandly in the fires of this furnace." Among 
Mr. Bunker's "First Impressions" we find the fol- 



SAVAGE 



SA WTELLE 



lowing : " The good old Quala is here. Were there 
no other fruit save Quala for a fifty years' sowing, 
missions would be a glorious success. He is a 
monument of grace, and a bright example of God's 
love and the elevating influence of the gospel." In 
September, 1878, Mr. Carpenter, in giving an ac- 
count of the jubilee to commemorate the conversion 
of Ko-Thah-Byu, writes, " The aged Quala had 
been invited, but suffering as he is from partial 
paralysis, he was unable to come so far. He wrote 
a long letter, however, telling what he knew of 
Ko-Thah-Byu and the early work in Tavoy, which 
was read to the congregation at this season." 

Savage, E,ev. Eleazer, was born in Middle- 
town, Conn., July 28, 1800; entered Hamilton in 
1820 ; was ordained in Rochester in 1824 ; was 
pastor in several other communities in New York, 
in which he baptized more than 400 souls ; pub- 
lished a valuable work on Church Discipline. Mr. 
Savage was a very useful minister, and an honored 
and faithful servant of Jesus; one of his daughters 
is the wife of the able president of the Rochester 
Theological Seminary. 

Savage, Rev. R. R., was born in Nansemond 
Co., Va., in 1835. He was fitted for college at 
Reynoldson Institute, N. C, and graduated at Wake 
Forest College in 1858. He labored for some time 
in Halifax Co., Va., but for many years has been 
one of the wise and mighty men who have guided 
the counsels of the Chowan, the largest Associ- 
ation in North Carolina. He is a trustee of Wake 
Forest College, and also of the Chowan Female In- 
stitute. He is a man of great worth. 

Savannah, The Baptist Church of.— In 1794 

the few Baptists M'ho were in Savannah, Ga., pro- 
posed the erection of a house of worship. The fol- 
lowing year, by the assistance of general contri- 
butions from different denominations, a house 50 by 
60 feet was erected on Franklin Square, under the 
superintendence of Ebenezer Hills, John Millen, 
Thomas Polhill, John Hamilton, Thomas Harrison, 
and John H. Robards as trustees. There seeins to 
have been some sort of church organization in 
1795, as in that year the city conveyed a lot to the 
church, the petition for which was drawn by 
Robert Bolton. The house, in an unfinished state, 
was rented to the Presbyterians, who had lost their 
church edifice by fire. They completed it, and occu- 
pied it three years. In 1799, while the house was 
still under lease to the Presbyterians, Rev. Henry 
Holcombe, of Beaufort, S. C, was chosen pastor 
of the congregation, then consisting of different 
denominations. His salary was §2000 per annum. 
The house of worship was dedicated by the Bap- 
tists on the 17th of April, 1800, and on the 26th 
of November in the same year the church was 
fully organized and constituted, the membership 
then consisting of fourteen persons. 



The charter of incorporation was drawn by John 
McPherson Berrien, and was signed by Gov. 
Josiah Tatnall, in the year 1801. Dr. Henry Hol- 
combe was called to the pastorate of the new church 
on the 25th of January, 1802, and he accepted the 
invitation on the 24th of March of the same year. 
The church worshiped on Franklin Square till 
1833, and then removed to the building on Chip- 
pewa Square. In 1839 the edifice was enlarged, 
during the pastorate of Rev. J. G. Binney. The 
improvements cost about §40,000. The church 
still worships in this house. 

Pastors of the First church from 1800 to 1847 : 
Henry Holcombe, D.D., Wm. B. Johnson, D.D., 
Benjamin Screven, James Sweat, Thomas Meredith, 
Henry 0. Wyer, Josiah S. Law, Chas. E. Jones, 
J. G. Binney, Henry 0. Wyer, Albert Williams. . 

On the 4th of February, 1847, the church divided. 
Rev. Albert Williams pastor, after which the two 
branches were known as the First and Second Bap- 
tist churches, though the first never changed its 
name. The Second Baptist church dissolved on 
the 6th of February, 1859, and reunited with the 
old church, and invested its improvements on the 
church building and in the purchase of the pastors 
home. 

The pastors of the First church from 1847 to 
1859 were Albert Williams, Joseph T. Robert, 
Thomas Rambaut, J. B. Stiteler, and S. G. Daniel. 
Of the Second church, the pastors for the same 
time were Henry 0. Wyer, J. P. Tustin, Henry 0. 
Wyer, and M. Winston. 

After the reunion the church called Rev. Syl- 
vanus Landrum, of Macon, Ga., in November, 1859, 
and in the December following he settled with the 
church as pastor. His first pastorate terminated 
Oct. 1, 1871. From that time until May 1, 1879, 
Timothy Ilarley was pastor. The second pastorate 
of Dr. Landrum began Sept. 1, 1879, and he still 
occupies the position. 

The deacons now acting are Wm. H. Stark, John 
B. Howard, Charles W. West, Robert N. Reed, 
David B. Morgan, and Wm. 0. Van Vorst. The 
membership is about 500. The church has adopted 
the New Hampshire Confession of Faith and the 
covenant attached to it. 

Sawtelle, Henry Allen, D.D., was born in Sid- 
ney, Me., Dec. 11, 1832. Until he was sixteen years 
of age he lived on a farm. He then fitted for col- 
lege at Waterville, under the tuition of J. II. Han- 
son, LL.D. He entered what is now Colby Uni- 
versity in 1850, and graduated with the honors of 
his class in 1854. Immediately on graduating he 
was appointed tutor in his ahna mater, and held 
the ofiice for one year, at the end of which he en- 
tered the Newton Theological Institution, and 
graduated in regular course in 1858. Soon after 
leaving Newton he was ordained and became pas- 



S-A WYER 



tor of the church in Limerick, Me. He remained 
here but one year when, having received an ap- 
pointment from the jMissionary Union, he resigned 
the pastorate of the Limerick church, and sailed 
for the field of his destination in China, Oct. 5, 
1859, and joined the mission among the Tie Chin, 
established near Swatow. Here he remained until 
severe illness compelled liiia to resign his position 
in the fall of 1861. In 1862 he became the pastor 
of the Second Baptist church in San Francisco, 
and in this and the Union Square Baptist church 
of the same city he performed a continuous pas- 
toral service of fourteen and a half years. While 
living in San Francisco, besides performing his 
mipisterial duties, he edited the Evangel for three 
years jointly v^ith Rev. D. B. Cheney, D.D., and 
edited and published the Spare Hour for the same 
length of time. At the termination of his minis- 
try in San Francisco, Dr. Sawtelle returned to his 
Eastern home with the highest testimonials of his 
ability and success as a minister of Christ. In 
1877 he accepted a call to become the pastor of the 
Cary Avenue church in Chelsea, which position he 
now holds. 

Dr. Sawtelle has made diligent use of his pen 
during his ministerial life. Besides the numerous 
articles he published while he was editing the 
Evangel and the Spare Hour, he issued a volume 
entitled " Things to Think of," a valuable work 
in theology and literature. While pursuing his 
studies at Newton, at the suggestion of Prof. 
Hackett he prepared and published in the Chris- 
tian Review an extended article on the " Straussian 
Theory." He has also been an occasional con- 
tributor to the Bibliotheca Sacra and the Baptist 
Quarterly, and is one of the writers of the new 
Commentary on the New Testament to be pub- 
lished under the supervision of Dr. Hovey, by the 
American Baptist Publication Society. 

The honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity was 
conferred upon Dr. Sawtelle by Hillsdale College, 
Mich., in 1874. 

Sawyer, Artemus W., D.D., was born in West 
Hanover, Vt., and graduated at Dartmouth College 
in the class of 1847. He pursued his theological 
studies at Newton, graduating in the class of 1853. 
He was ordained in December, 1853. For six years 
he was professor in Acadia College, — 1855-61 ; 
pastor of the Baptist church in Saratoga, N. Y., 
three years, — 1861-64. Dr. Sawyer retired from 
the active duties of the pastorate in 1864, and be- 
came principal of the New London Literary and 
Scientific Institution, which position he held for 
five years, — from 1864 to 1869, — when he was ap- 
pointed president of Acadia College. He received 
the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Colby Uni- 
versity in 1867. He is one of the most useful men 
in the Maritime Provinces. 




ARTEMUS W. SAWYER, D.D. 

Sawyer, Conant, D.D., was born in Monkton, 
Vt., May 23, 1805 ; converted and baptized in early 
life ; graduated at Hamilton in 1826 ; ordained in 
1829 in Keesville, N. Y. ; was settled as pastor in 
Jay, Schenectady, Lowville, Canton, Gloversville, 
and Bedford, N. Y., and in Randolph, Mass. Large 
gatherings of souls have followed his ministry. In 
1869 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity. 
His present field of labor is Albion, N. Y. 

Sawyer, Rev. E. H., D.D., was bom in Mil- 
ford, Oakland Co., Mich., Dec. 18, 1843. Professed 
religion when sixteen years of age, and was bap- 
tized by the Rev. John Boothe. He was mainly 
educated at Kalamazoo, Mich. ; graduated at La 
Grange College, Mo., in 1870, and from the Baptist 
Union Theological Seminary of Chicago in 1873. 
He was pastor of the Baptist church in Kirkwood, 
Mo., and he is now pastor at Macon City. Mr. 
Sawyer received the honorary degree of Doctor of 
Divinity from La Grange College in 1879. He has 
just been appointed vice-president of La Grange 
College. He is a man of culture and talent, and 
he enjoys the confidence of all who know him. 

Sawyer, Rev. Isaac, was bom in Hoosick, 
N. Y., Nov. 22, 1770, and was left an orphan at the 
age of fourteen. In 1786 he removed to Monkton, 
Vt. The whole country being little better than a 
wilderness, he devoted himself to the toils of a 
pioneer's life. Here the young man lived until 
he was twenty-one years of age. In 1793 he 
was hopefully converted. All his relatives were 
Congregationalists, and he himself had been 



8a:ston 



1032 



SCAMMON 



sprinkled in infancy. lie was not satisfied, how- 
ever, with receiving a traditional faith, and after 
examining the subject became a decided Baptist, 
and united with ten others in the formation of a 
Baptist church, of which, although the youngest 
member, he was made the deacon. In 1797 the 
church of which he was a member urged him to 
enter the Christian ministry. He heard, as he be- 
lieved, besides the call of the church, that higher 
call of the Spirit of God, upon which our Baptist 
fathers laid so much stress, and he would not resist 
that call. His ordination occurred June 29, 1799, 
and he remained the pastor of the church in Monk- 
ton for thirteen years. In addition to his home 
work, he performed, as was the custom of the min- 
isters of his day, no small amount of missionary 
labor, and we are told that ■' many of the large and 
flourishing churches in the northern counties of 
New York were gathered through his instrumen- 
tality. He was generally sent out by the Associa- 
tion to which he belonged, and was absent from 
home six or eight weeks at a time. He was accus- 
tomed as long as he lived to revert with great sat- 
isfaction to these missionary labors as having been 
among the most pleasant and successful of his 
whole ministry." 

Mr. Sawyer's pastorate at Monkton closed in 
1812. Having passed a year in Fairfield, he spent 
the next four years at Orwell, and was greatly 
prospered in his ministry there. In 1818 he be- 
came pastor of the church in Brandon, and re- 
mained here for seven years, when he removed to 
Bethel, supplying the church in that place and 
acting for a part of the time as an agent of the 
Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution. 
Ilis next settlement was in Westport, N. Y., where 
during his pastorate of six years he baptized 150 
persons. On leaving Westport he preached in sev- 
eral places, being but a short time in any one of 
them. His death occurred Sept. 30, 1847. Up- 
wards of ] 100 persons w^ere baptized by Mr. Saw- 
yer during his ministry, and " among them a greater 
number who became ministers than have been 
baptized by any other pastor in Vermont." Five 
of his own sons became ministers of the gospel. 
The name of a servant of Christ so active and so 
useful deserves to be held in everlasting remem- 
brance. 

Saxton, J. B., D.D., was bom in Northumber- 
land Co., Pa. ; baptized in December, 1835, and was 
soon after licensed by the Shamokin church. He 
entered Madison University, and graduated with 
honor in 1845. During his college course he spent 
sixteen months at Somei-ville, N. J., organized a 
church there, and built a house of worship. He 
was pastor at Towanda, Pa., where he was or- 
dained, at Lancaster, supply to the Fourth church, 
Philadelphia, and pastor at Hightstown, N. J., 



until 1852. He went to California as home mis- 
sionary, arriving at San Francisco Jan. 11, 1853. 
He organized and was pastor of the churches at 
Stockton three years, Oakland and Brooklyn four 
years, Healdsburg seven years, and has been pas- 
tor at the seat of the college, at Vacaville, two 
years, where he was president of the college board 
and librarian for the college ; has labored at Red 
BluiF, and is now pastor at Grand Island. He 
is a strong preacher, a good moderator, having 
presided over the San Francisco and other Asso- 
ciations. He has done much mission work in Cal- 
ifornia, organizing many churches and building 
houses of worship. In war times he collected 
$12,000 in aid of the Sanitary Commission. For a 
considerable time he edited the Esmeralda Daily 
Union, and served as superintendent of public 
schools. He received the degree of D.D. from Cal- 
ifornia College in 1878. Nearly 1000 persons have 
been converted under his ministry, 600 having been 
baptized by himself. Few men in California have 
done more hard work or been more successful thin 
Dr. Saxton. 

Scammon, Mrs. Rachel T., a native of Reho- 

both, Mass., married a Mr. Scammon, of Stratham, 
N. H., about 1720. She was a decided Baptist, 
and cared nothing for the opposition of the Pedo- 
baptists among whom her new home was located. 
Backus says, " The country around her was so full 
of prejudices against Baptist principles that in forty 
years she could gain no more than one person to 
join with her therein, and that was a pious woman 
in the neighborhood who traveled fifty-five miles to 
Boston, and was baptized by Elder Bound." 

Mrs. Scammon had such a desire to have others 
enlightened, that having obtained Norcott's " Plain 
Discourse upon Baptism," she carried it to Boston 
with a design to get it reprinted at her own cost, 
but when she came to a printer about it he in- 
formed her that he had then 110 copies of that book 
on hand ; whereupon she purchased them all, and' 
came home and gave them away to her acquaint- 
ances and to any persons who would accept them ; 
by which means they were scattered through the 
country and among poor people in new plantations. 
She often said to her pious neighbors that " she 
was fully persuaded that a church of Christian 
Baptists would be formed in Stratham, though she 
might not live to see it. This came to pass soon 
after her death, and the like happened in other 
places." (History of the Baptists, by Backus, ii. 
167-69. Newton.) 

Chiefly through one of Mrs. Scammon's copies 
of Norcott's work Dr. Samuel Shepard became 
a Baptist and a Baptist minister, and Baptist 
churches were formed in Stratham, Brentwood, and 
Nottingham, of which Dr. Shepard became the 
pastor ; and he founded branch churches in more 



SCANDIXAVIAN- 



SCARFF 



than a dozen places in the region around, and at 
one time had more than a thousand church mem- 
bers under his care. "Thus," as Backus says, 
" Mrs. Scammon's bread, cast upon the water, 
seems to have been found after many days, the 
books that she freely dispensed being picked up 
and made useful to many." 

Had Mrs. Scammon been a weak woman she 
would have sacrificed her Baptist principles and 
joined some Pedobaptist community. She no 
doubt regularly attended a Congregational church : 
this was her manifest duty ; but she always pro- 
tested against their infant baptism in modest Chris- 
tian words, and by refusing to unite with them. 
And though her ai-guments seemed to bear little 
fruit, the book she circulated was greatly blessed 
of God. The Baptist church of Allentown, Pa., 
was founded by a lady a member of the Second Bap- 
tist church of Philadelphia, who for a time wor- 
shiped with the excellent Presbyterians of that 
town. And as she felt that she could not and 
ought not to sacrifice her Baptist principles — her 
Saviour's teachings — for anything under heaven, 
she enlisted aid and commenced a Sunday-school, 
out of which grew a flourishing church, from which 
two little churches sprang and set up their banner 
in Bethlehem and Catasauqua. Many Baptist 
women have honored the Saviour in this way. 

Scandinavian Baptists in the United States. 

— In 1852 nine Swedish Baptists arrived in Amer- 
ica. The first Swedish Baptist church in this 
country was formed in Rock Island,- 111., Aug. 13, 
1852 ; it had only three members. In 1855 Swe- 
dish churches were organized at Houston and 
Scandia, Minn. In 1856 the first Danish Baptist 
church on this side of the Atlantic was established 
at Raymond, Racine Co., Wis. In 1857 a Swedish 
church was gathered at Galesburg, 111. In Chicago 
the first Swedish church was founded Aug. 19, 
1866; it began with 36 members, and it now num- 
bers nearly 300. A little before 1866 the first 
Danish church was constituted in the same city. 
Small churches have gradually sprung up in all 
the States in which a Scandinavian population 
exists. 

In Minnesota a vigorous State Conference was 
early formed, one in Illinois followed, then one 
each in Eastern Iowa, in Nebraska, in AVestern 
Iowa, and in Dakota, and preliminary steps have 
been taken for a similar organization in Kansas. 
Two years since a General Convention of all the 
Swedish Baptists in America was established. The 
Danish and Norwegian Baptists have a similar in- 
stitution. 

In 1871, Rev. Dr. J. A. Edgren commenced the 

publication of a monthly Swedish Baptist paper. 

About the same time Dr. Edgren began a course of 

instruction for Scandinavian ministers, in connec- 

66 



tion with the Baptist Theological Seminary of Chi- 
cago, as its Scandinavian department. From this 
school twenty-nine ministers have gone forth, rep- 
resenting Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. These 
brethren have been faithful laborers, and some of 
them have been very successful in winning souls 
to Jesus. 

Religious tracts, pamphlets, and books, written 
by Dr. Edgren, have been published in the Swedi.sh 
language. A Danish graduate of the department. 
N. P. Jensen, has done excellent service to the 
cause among the Danes as a translator, publisher, 
editor, and pastor. The Danish monthly is edited 
by Rev. P. H. Dam, and the Swedish by Rev. E. 
Wingren. 

There are now 80 Scandinavian churches in the 
United States, with 5000 membei-s. These churches 
are located as follows : in New York City, 1 ; in 
Boston, 1 ; in Illinois, 6 ; in Michigan, 6 : in Wiscon- 
sin, 10; in Minnesota, 38; in Iowa, 4; in Dakota, 
5 ; in Nebraska, 7 ; in Kansas, -4; and in Missouri, 1. 
Of the 5000, 3500 are Swedes ; of the remainder, 
the Norwegians are but a small minority. 

The Scandinavian emigration is large, and new 
fields for mission work among them are rapidly 
increasing; the demand for laborers is greater 
than can be supplied. Dr. Edgren is the distin- 
guished leader of these pious and thriving commu- 
nities. Other brethren of talent and consecrated 
lives are working nobly for the Master, and tlie 
approval of Jesus rests conspicuously upon these 
godly ministers and the communities of which they 
are the chosen leaders. 

Scarboro, Hon. J, C, was born in Wake Co., 
N. C, in September, 1842 ; served as a soldier 
through the war ; graduated at Wake Forest Col- 
lege in 1869 : has taught school for several years, 
and is now the superintendent of public instruc- 
tion, having been elected to that office in 1876. 

Scarff, E. H., D.D., was bom in Virginia in 
1821. In 1841 he entered the preparatory depart- 
ment of Granville College, 0., and graduated in 
1847. After teaching a year in Jefferson, 0., he 
entered the theological department of Madison 
University, N. Y., and graduated in 1850. He 
was ordained at New Carlisle, 0., July 18, 1850. 
For two years he had charge of Judson College, 
West Jefferson, 0. He was pastor at Gallipolis, 
and afterwards at Delphi, Ind. In 1854 he came 
to Iowa, and took charge of the academic dc 
partment of the Central University at Pella. The 
university was just starting into life, and he was 
its first teacher, and continued his labors as teacher 
for over twenty years, much of this time serving as 
pastor of the First Baptist church in that town. 
He still resides in Pella, disabled in body, but 
strong in mind, patient and cheerful in suffering 
God's will, and awaiting his pleasure. 



SCHAEFFER 



SCHOFIELD 



Schaeffer, Prof. Hermann Moritz, was born 
Aug. 22, 1839, in Lage, Lippe-Detmold, Germany. 
He graduated at the rectoral school (academy) in 
his native place. In his fifteenth year he emi- 
grated to this country. In Boston, where he first 
fixed his abode, he pursued studies in the English 
language at evening schools, while following a 
mercantile cai'eer. In the year 1857 he was con- 
verted and baptized by Rev. Wm. Howe, joining 
the Union Baptist church at that place. In 1858 
he removed to New York, where he joined the 
Second German Baptist church. Feeling prompted 
to devote his life to the woi-k of the ministry he 
went to Rochester, N. Y., in 1860, and pursued 
studies at the University of Rochester, and in the 
German and English departments of Rochester 
Theological Seminary. After preaching for the 
German churches in Holland, N. Y., and New 
Haven, Conn., he settled as pastor of the First Ger- 
man Baptist church in New York City. During 
his efficient pastorate the church erected its present 
excellent house of worship. After six years of pas- 
toral labor in New York, Mr. Schaefi'er was called 
to the chair of Biblical literature in the German 
department of Rochester Theological Seminary in 
the year 1872. While engaged in teaching, Prof 
Schaeffer succeeded in procuring the present Ger- 
man Students' Home at the cost of $20,000. By 
his energy the larger proportion of that sum has 
already been obtained, and the building bids fair 
to be free from debt very soon. Mr. Schaeffer has 
also been very active in establishing a German- 
American Academy. Perfect in health and un- 
tiring in labor. Prof. Schaeffer has been very use- 
ful in the German work in this country, and his 
old days are yet before him. 

Schism Bill, The. — See Corporation and Test 
Acts. 

Schofleld, Rev. James, Sr., was born in Penn 
Yan, Yates Co., N. Y., June 7, 1801. He removed 
to Chautauqua County when eighteen years of age ; 
made a profession of religion in 1826 ; was ordained 
to the ministry in 1835 ; was pastor in Sinclairs- 
ville until 1842. He married into the family of 
John McAllister, — Miss Alniira for his first, and 
Miss Caroline for his second wife. Of these mar- 
riages six children are now living, — Lieut. C. Scho- 
field, Col. G. W. Schofield, and Maj.-Gen. J. W. 
Schofield, all of the U. S. army, and two of them 
graduates of West Point, also Rev. J. V. Schofield, 
D.D., of St. Louis, and two daughters. The sub- 
ject of this sketch removed to Illinois in 1843; 
labored for many years in the cause of the Home 
Mission Society; built houses of worship in Free- 
port, Galena, and Rossville, 111. He removed to 
Missouri in 1867. In Southwest Missouri thirteen 
houses of worship have been built through his in- 
strumentality, one of which is in Dallas County, 



his home, called Schofield chapel. He is a member 
of the board of the Baptist college at Bolivia, Mo. 
lie is now in his eightieth year, awaiting his ap- 
pointed time till the change comes. 

Schofield, J. v., D.D., was born in Chautauqua 
Co., N. Y., Dec. 4, 1825. He was converted in 1843, 




J. V. SCHOFIELD, D.D. 



and baptized by Rev. Orin Dodge in Lake Chau- 
tauqua. In 1844 he removed to Chicago, and by 
invitation spent two years in the family of Dr. 
L. D. Boone, and commenced studying for the min- 
istry. In 1847 he entered Madison University, and 
in 1850 Rochester University, where he graduated 
in 1852, and also from the Theological Seminary in 
1854. Dr. Schofield was ordained in Louisville, 
Ky., in 1854, and was the first pastor of the new 
Chestnut Street Baptist church of that city. In the 
four years of his pastorate 181 joined the church. 
In 1858 he became pastor of the First Baptist 
church of Quincy, 111. In his four years' pastorate 
here 150 united with the church. In 1862 he ac- 
cepted the pastorate of the Third Baptist church, 
St. Louis, Mo., and for seven and a half years was 
the efficient and beloved minister of this church. 
It was a critical period. Civil strife divided fami- 
lies and former friends, yet under his wise admin- 
istration the church prospered. The present edi- 
fice was built at a cost of $50,000. Dr. Schofield 
inaugurated the movement, and raised nearly all 
the money. The house was dedicated May 12, 
1866. During his pastorate the whole amount was 
nearly paid and the balance provided for, and the 
church took rank with the first churches in the 



SCHULTE 



1035 



SCOTT 



city. In 1869 he took the pastorate of the Baptist 
clmrch of Des Moines, Iowa. In one year their 
house of worship was completed and a debt of 
$5000 provided for, then a revival followed for 
three months, in which eighty were baptized, forty 
of whom were heads of families. 

In 1871 he became pastor at New Britain, Conn. 
In four and a half years there were 305 additions, 
225 by baptism, 150 of whom were immersed 
during; the last six months. 

In 1876 he removed again to St. Louis, and Novem- 
ber 6 became pastor of the Fourth Baptist church, 
his present field. By his persistent labors much 
has been done. The edifice has been thoroughly 
repaired, debts paid, and the church improved, 
financially, socially, and spiritually. In May, 1880, 
La Grange College conferred on him the honorary 
degree of Doctor of Divinity, and June 24 of the 
same year Chicago University conferred upon him 
the same degree. Dr. Schofield is a clear thinker 
a.nd an able preacher, he is an earnest and effi- 
cient pastor, has baptized over 600 persons, and he 
has held many successful meetings with neighbor- 
ing pastors. His works commend him, and his re- 
ward is sure. 

Schulte, Rev. G. A., was born in Neustadtgo- 
dens, East Frisia, Germany, Nov. 30, 1838. His 
parents were pious Lutherans, who instructed him 
in the way of salvation from his earliest youth. In 
the year 1850 he came to this country with his 
parents, who settled near Buffalo, N. Y. When 
twenty years of age he was converted, and being 
baptized in April, 1858, he was received into the 
fellowship of the First German Baptist church in 
Buffalo. Feeling the call of God within, he entered 
the German department of Rochester Theological 
Seminary in 1860. After pursuing theological 
studies for three years, he yielded to an urgent call 
from the Second German Baptist church, Buffalo, 
N. Y. He was ordained in October, 1863. After 
serving this church acceptably as pastor for eight 
years, Mr. Schulte, by the choice of his brethren, 
was made general missionary and evangelist of the 
Eastern German Baptist Conference. After filling 
this responsible position faithfully for two years 
he returned to the pastorate, accepting a call from 
the First German church. New York City. Since 
then he has been its efficient and loved pastor. Mr. 
Schulte enjoys the esteem and affection of his Ger- 
man brethren throughout the land. He is closely 
identified with all the interests of the German 
work, being the active secretary of the Missionary 
Committee of the Eastern German Baptist Confer- 
ence. His presentations of the gospel are clear, 
forcible, and instructive, his tact is admirable, and 
his services in the general work make him one of 
the most valuable men in the German ministry. 
Scotch Baptists, — See English Baptists. 



Scott, Rev. Jacob Richardson, was born in 
Boston, March 1, 1815. His preparatory studies 
for college were pursued at South Reading, now 
Wakefield, Mass. He entered Brown University 
in 1832. After his graduation in 1836, he spent 
two years in teaching, at the end of which time he 
became a student at the Newton Theological Insti- 
tution. He graduated at Newton in 1842, and was 
immediately ordained and became the pastor of the 
Market Street Baptist church in Petersburg, Va. 
For several years he was the minister of this 
church, and then became the pastor of the Baptist 
church in Hampton, Va. Such was his reputation 
as a preacher that he was chosen chaplain of the Uni- 
versity of Virginia, and had the honor of having a 
re-election to the office at the close of his one year's 
service, being the first clergyman who for a second 
year was invited to fill the important position. At 
the end of this second engagement, he found his 
health so shattered that he concluded to return 
North. He had the charge of churches in Portland, 
Me., Fall River, Mass., Rochester and Yonkers, 
N. Y. During all this period his health was pre- 
carious, and he concluded that it was his duty 
to give up the ministry. Accordingly he resigned 
ins office as pastor of the church in Yonkers and 
removed to Maiden, Mass., where, having received 
an appointment as superintendent of schools, he 
performed his duties in that capacity until the 
time of his death, which took place Dec. 10, 1861. 
"In every part of his career," says Prof. Gammell, 
" he won the confidence and respect of all with 
whom he was connected, and proved himself a 
faithful and useful minister of the gospel. His 
only publications are a few hymns and several 
articles in the magazines of the day." 

Scott, Rev. Kemp, was born in Washington Co., 
Va., June, 1791. His father died when he was a 
child. He came to Kentucky when nineteen years 
of age, and lived in Barren County. In 1820 he 
confessed Christ, and was soon after ordained. In 
1824 he came to Missouri, and lived in Cooper 
County. Then there were 30 ministers in the 
State and 2000 members. He preached east and 
west from St. Louis to Leavenworth. He was 
pastor of Mount Pleasant church nineteen years. 
He aided in constituting fifteen churches, and bap- 
tized about 1500 persons. 

In 1864 he removed to Carroll County, and was 
pastor of Bethel church. When the war broke out 
he arranged to have a meeting at his own house, 
and he preached. All his children had professed 
faith in Christ, and one was a successful minister. 
At this meeting a grandson was converted, and the 
aged grandfather went trembling into the stream 
and baptized him. This was the last act of his 
life. April 12, 1864, he died. 

"Soldier of Christ, well done!" 



SCOTT 



1036 



SCRUGGS 



Scott, Rev. Winfield, was bom in West Novi, 
Mich., Feb. 26, 1837 ; son of Jas. B. and Margaret 
E. Scott ; converted and baptized at Farmer, N. Y., 
in February, 1853 ; graduated at Rochester Uni- 
versity, N. Y., in 1859, and from Rochester Theo- 
logical Seminary in 1861 ; ordained as pastor of 
Second church, Syracuse, N. Y"., in December, 
1861 ; raised a company and was commissioned 
captain in U. S. Volunteers in 1862, and was in 
active service in Second Army Corps of the Poto- 
mac until wounded and discharged, in October, 1864. 
In 1865 he became pastor at Leavenworth, Kansas, 
building there a house of worship costing $65,000. 
The church grew under his six years' pastorate 
from 19 to 250 members. He organized three other 
churches near Leavenworth, built three meeting- 
houses, and baptized .500 converts. From January', 
1872, to September, 1875, he was pastor at Denver, 
Col., and built a meeting-house and parsonage cost- 
ing $20,000 ; the church increased from 40 to nearly 
300 members. In 1875 he removed to California, 
and edited the Evangel from February to October, 
1876, when he resigned this work and became pas- 
tor at Los Angelos one year, during which 50 were 
added to the church. In 1878 he was for a time 
associate pastor of the Metropolitan church, San 
Francisco. He afterwards supplied the Petaluma 
and the Central Oakland churches, and in Febru- 
ary, 1880, became pastor at San Jos^, where in 
four months 60 new members were added to the 
church, of whom 48 were baptized. He is an earn- 
est worker, a faithful preacher, and ready writer, 
fully devoted to the cause of Christ. 

Screven, Charles 0., D.D., son of Gen. James 
Screven, who was killed in the Revolutionary 
war, was born in 1774, and was baptized at twelve 
by Dr. Furman, at Charleston, S. C. He was 
licensed by the Charleston church in 1801, and 
began to preach at Sunbury, his large patrimony 
lying in Bryan Co., Ga. He was ordained by Dr. 
Furman, Mr. Botsford, and Mr. Clay, of Savannah, 
in 1804, and from that time until disabled by dis- 
ease, in 1829, he labored faithfully and most ably 
as the pastor of Sunbury church. Compelled to 
resign, on account of cancer in the eye. May 16, 
1829, he expired July 2, 1831, at the age of fifty- 
seven. He did a vast amount of good during his 
ministerial life, and his name is still held very 
precious in the region where he lived. 

Screven, Rev. Wm., was the founder and first 
pastor of the Charleston, S. C, church. " He was 
a native of England, where he was born about the 
year 1629. When he settled at Piscataway, N. H., 
cannot be ascertained. The sufferings which he 
and his brethren endured in that place drove them 
to seek an asylum in the more tranquil regions of 
the South. After his removal to South Carolina, 
the Baptist church in Boston sent for him to be 



their pastor. His answer, dated June, 1707, con- 
tains this passage, ' Our minister, who came from 
England, is dead, and I can by no means be spared. 
It is a great loss, but the will of the Lord is done.' 
Aug. 6, 1708, he wrote to them as follows, ' Our 
society are for the most part in health, and I hope 
thriving in grace.' lie wrote ' An Ornament for 
Church Members,' which was printed after his 
death. In the latter part of his life Mr. Screven 
removed to Georgetown, about sixty miles to the 
north of Charleston, where he died in peace in 
1713, having arrived at the good old age of eighty- 
four years. He is said to have been the original 
proprietor of the land on which Georgetown is 
built." Some of his descendants still live in the 
lower part of the State. 

Scrivener, Rev. Thomas, a noted and emi- 
nently useful preacher of Southern Kentucky, was 
born in Rowan Co., N. C, Feb. 25, 1775. He re- 
moved to Kentucky in 1796, and the same year 
united with Tate's Creek Baptist church, in Madi- 
son County. After residing in a number of locali- 
ties he settled in Barren County, where he was 
licensed to preach in 1827, and in 1829 was or- 
dained to the ministry in the fifty-fifth year of his 
age. Within less than a year after his ordination 
he founded three churches, all of which he served 
until advanced years unfitted him for pastoral 
work. He was also pastor of Dover church, near 
his home. Besides ministering to four churches, 
he preached among the destitute and the feeble 
churches in his own and the adjoining counties 
with great success. Although he began his work 
late in life, he is supposed to have baptized over 
2500 people. He was moderator of Barren River 
Association fifteen years. He resigned his pastoral 
charges in 1858, and died in great peace July 16, 
1864. 

Scruggs, Rev. John, was a citizen of Monroe 
Co., Tenn.,and for many years pastor of Madison- 
ville and Mount Harmony churches, and others. 
He was a good pastor and a man of education. 
He was a close Bible student and a fine reasoner. 
He had mnny able and learned discussions with 
Methodists and Presbyterians. He was regarded 
by the Baptists as their standard-bearer. He has 
been dead about ten yeai-s. 

Scruggs, M. D., was born in Scott Co., Ky. 
Mr. Scruggs studied at Georgetown and Bethel 
Colleges, Ky., and at William Jewell, Mo. He 
came in 1855 to Missouri with his father, and set- 
tled in Clay County. He entered the Southern 
army for a year. He came to St. Louis in 1871. 
He professed religion in 1873, and was baptized 
by Rev. D. T. Morrell into the fellowship of the 
Fourth Baptist church of St. Louis. He has ren- 
dered valuable services to this church through his 
wise counsels and generous gifts. His integrity 



SEAGRAVE 



1037 



SEARS 



and business capacity give him high standing in 
circles of trade ; his devotion and benevolence give 
him influence as a Christian. 

Seagrave, E,ev. Edward, was bom in Chester, 
Vt., July 15, 1797. He was a graduate of Brown 
University of the class of 1822, and studied the- 
ology under Rev. Calvin Park, D.D., a professor in 
the university, and was ordained at Scituate, Mass., 
March 30, 1830. He served two or three other 
churches, and for several years performed mission- 
ary labors in Kansas. The last sixteen years of 
his life were passed in Pawtucket, R. I. As a 
member of the First Baptist church in that place 
he greatly endeared himself to his brethren by his 
unaffected Christian humility and his readiness to 
perform such service as he could render to the 
cause of Christ. He lived to a good old age, and 
departed with the respect and love of all who 
knew him. His death occurred in Pawtucket, 
Aug. 18, 1877. 

Searcy, Rev. James B., a prominent minister 
in Arkansas, was born in Alabama in 1838 : in 




REV. JAMES B. SEARCY. 

1857 removed to Bradley Co., Ark. ; was ordained 
in 1860 : and was chaplain of the 26th Ark. Regi- 
Jiient in the Confederate army. In 1872-73 he 
traveled over the State as superintendent of mis- 
sions and ministerial education ; has filled the im- 
portant pastorates of Warren and Monticello, but 
bis labors have been mostly confined to country 
churches ; wrote for Arkansas Baptist, and at- 
tracted attention as a vigorous writer and clear 
reasoner ; wrote one year for Central Baptist, St. 



Louis, Mo. ; a regular contril)utor to The Baptist, 
Memphis, Tenn., for ten years ; corresponding 
editor of Western Baptist; at present Arkansas 
editor of The (Memphis) Baptist. He is a very 
able minister and a devoted Christian. 
/ Searle, Rev. David, of Puritan stock, was born 
(in Vermont in 1798. He removed to Western New 
York, and married Emily, daughter of Hon. Jas. 
McCall. His family were Pedobaptists, but when 
converted he united with a Baptist church in Rush- 
ford in 1825. In 1830 he was licensed ; he studied 
at Hamilton Literary and Theological Institu- 
tion; was ordained in Rusbford in 1831. He 
preached in Morrisville and vicinity. Studied and 
supported himself, so that, though a husband and 
father, he was never a beneficiary. He graduated 
in 1833, and dedicated himself to the home mission 
work in Western New York ; was pastor in Spring- 
ville and Boston ; was Sunday-school agent, then 
pastor again in Springville, Portage, Franklin- 
ville, and Arcade. Afterwards he was for many 
years agent for the Home Mission Society, his field 
being Western New York and Eastern Ohio, West- 
ern Pennsylvania, Northwest Virginia, and Canada 
West. In his declining years he went to Missouri. 
He died suddenly in 1861, aged sixty-three. 

Juilge Rowden, of Maries Co., Mo., writes : " He 
was a man of extensive information. His argu- 
ments were logical, and always explanatory. He 
was a devoted Christian, and sai.d on his death-bed 
he had long been ready whenever it should be the 
will of God to call him home." 
"Sears, A. D., D.D., was born in Fairfax Co., 
Va., Jan. 1, 1804. In 1828 he married Annie B. 
Bowie, who is still alive. Two years ago they 
celebrated their golden wedding in Clarksville, 
Tenn., whei-e they have long resided. The occa- 
sion was one of festive joy, the venerable pair re- 
ceiving many attentions and valuable presents. 
They are both in good health, and he ministers 
regularly to the Baptist church in Clarksville, 
where he has been eminently useful in building 
up the cause of Christ. He has a large active 
membership, who greatly admire him, and give 
him a bountiful support. He has been the pastor 
of but three churches, — one at Louisville, Hop- 
kinsville, and Clarksville. He has been very suc- 
cessful both as an evangelist and pastor, having 
baptized about 2000 persons. He took charge of 
the church in Clarksville, in January, 1866. It 
then numbered 25 members. It now numbers 225, 
or more. They have built a handsome church edi- 
fice at a cost of $25,000. 

The doctor, though seventy-six years old, walks 
erect, and is full of vigor and elasticity, promising 
many more years of useful service in the Master's 
vineyard. 

Sears, Barnas, D.D., LL.D., was born in San- 



SEABS 



1038 



SECRETARY 



disfield, Mass., Nov. 19, 1802. After a thorough 
preparation in the best schools in the vicinity he 
entered Brown University, and graduated with 
the highest honors of the class in 1825. He en- 




BARNAS SEARS, D.D., LL.D. 

tered upon and completed his theological course at 
the Newton Theological Institution, Mass. After 
leaving the seminary he became pastor of the First 
Baptist church of Hartford, Conn., in which rela- 
tion he remained two years. In 1829 he accepted 
a professorship in the Hamilton Literary and The- 
ological Institution (Madison University), where he 
remained until 1833, when he went to Germany 
for the purpose of prosecuting his studies. While 
there he baptized the Rev. Mr. Oncken, whose 
zealous and self-denying labors have been so abun- 
dantly blessed in the spread of a pure Christianity, 
and in the gathering together of so large a Baptist 
membership. On his return, his ripe and thorough 
scholarship led to his choice as a professor in the 
Newton Theological Seminary, of which he was 
also for several years president. In 1848 he was 
chosen secretary and executive agent of the Massa- 
chusetts board of education, in which position his 
wide and varied experience of methods of education 
in Europe made him especially useful. In August 
of 1855 he was elected president of Brown Uni- 
versity, in which position he gave new life and 
vigor to the institution, and elevated its standard 
of scholarship. In 1867 he became the general 
agent of the Peabody education fund, which re- 
sponsible position he held until his death in 1880. 
Dr. Sears resided for a number of years at Staunton, 



Ya., greatly beloved by all who knew him. In 
1841 Harvard College conferred upon him the 
degree of D.D., and Yale, in 1862, the degree of 
LL.D. Dr. Sears published, in 1844, " Ciceroniana, 
or the Prussian Mode of Instruction in Latin ;" in 
1846, " Select Treatises of Martin Luther in the 
Original German,'' with valuable philological 
notes; in 1850, "Life of Luther," with special 
reference to its earlier periods and the opening 
scenes of the Reformation ; and in 1854 a revised 
edition of Roget's " Thesaurus." He also edited 
for several years The Christian Review, in which 
may be found some very valuable papers written 
by himself In the large yearly assemblies of the 
denomination Dr. Sears rightfully held a conspicu- 
ous place in view of his wide experience and his at- 
tachment to the tenets of our churches. 

Sebree, Capt. Uriel, a native of Orange Co., 
Ya., was born July 15, 1774; left an orphan at 
the age of ten years. Soon after the death of his 
father he went to live with his uncle. Cave John- 
son, in Boone Co., Ky. He commanded a com- 
pany in the war of 1812. He was in the disastrous 
battle of River Raisin, where he was made a pris- 
oner. He returned to -Kentucky and served several 
sessions in both branches of the Legislature. In 
1819, Capt. Sebree was sent on an expedition to 
Council Bluffs with government stores, which duty 
he performed with great satisfaction. He was ap- 
pointed to similar service in 1820. He was a man 
of great skill and perseverance. He was for years 
receiver of public moneys in the land-office at Fay- 
ette, Mo., and in all these stations he had the rep- 
utation of an upright and efficient man. 

As a Chi'istian he was marked for consistency 
and usefulness. He became a member of the Bap- 
tist Church in early life, and for more than forty 
years took an active part in all the interests of the 
denomination. He co-operated in the organization 
of the General Association, frequently was its mod- 
erator. His house was a home for his brethren. 
He died May 18, 1853. 

Secretary, Christian, the Baptist weekly pub- 
lished at Hartford, Conn., was first issued Feb. 
2, 1822, for the Connecticut Baptist Missionary 
Society ; in 1824 it was transferred to the Con- 
necticut Baptist State Convention, then organized ; 
in 1829 it was given to the Christian Secretary 
Association, which conducted it till July, 1837, 
Deacon Philemon Canfield, publisher ; the first 
editor was Rev. Elisha Cushman, Sr., two years ; 
then Rev. Gurdon Robins, five years ; then Deacon 
Canfield, the acting editor. In July, 1837, it wa's 
united with the Gospel Witness, a paper of New 
York, which movement gave dissatisfaction ; in 
March, 1838, on the return of Rev. E. Cushman, 
Sr., to Hartford, it was resuscitated', he becoming 
editor and proprietor, and on his death, Oct. 26, 



SEDGWICK 



SEGER 



1838, his son, E. Cushman, Jr., continued it till 
July, 1840. Nomiand Burr, in company with 
Walter S. "Williams, and later with Almond A. 
Smith, edited and published it till 1850, when Mr. 
Burr became sole proprietor, and so remained till 
his death, Dec. 5, 1861. Rev. E. Cushman, Jr., 
who in July, 1861, became associate editor, on Mr. 
Burr's death became editor and proprietor, and 
continued such till his death, Jan. 4, 1876, when 
S. D. Phelps, D.D., succeeded him in ownership and 
editorship, who still has charge of the paper. It 
was at first a sheet 16 by 19 inches ; it was enlarged 
in 1824, and again by Mr. Cushman, Sr., in 1838, 
and still further by Dr. Phelps ; it now measures 
28 by 42 inches ; it is true to the denomination 
and holds a high rank for ability. 

Sedgwick, Rev. George Cook, was born in 
Calvert Co., Md., Nov. 3, 1785. Reared in the 
Church of England, but at an early age became a 
Baptist. Leaving a successful business to enter 
the ministry, he took a course of study under Dr. 
AVm. Staughton ; was ordained pastor of the Hart- 
wood church. Va., but being attracted to the West, 
removed to Zanesville, 0., in 1820, where, in 1821, 
he organized the First Baptist church, and re- 
mained its pastor for sixteen years. During this 
pastorate he taught a select school, and published 
a monthly paper called Tlie Regular Baptist Mis- 
cellany, probably the first Baptist paper published 
in Ohio. He was also instrumental in establishing 
the Meigs' Creek Association, and, in company with 
his brother, William Sedgwick, and with brethren 
Dale, McAvoy, Spencer, Calver, Rees, Berkley, and 
others, traveled most, and he laid the foundation 
of Baptist churches. The Ohio State Convention 
was born in his church, and he aided largely in 
the establishment of Granville College. After 
leaving Zanesville, in 1837, he served churches in 
Kentucky and West Virginia, but in his later years 
returned to Ohio, where he died Aug. 25, 1864. 
He was a man of large influence, and his name is 
widely revered. 

Sedgwick, Rev. Williain, A.M., brother of 

Geoi-ge Cook Sedgwick, was born in Calvert Co., 
Md., Feb. 7, 1790 ; baptized in 1812 by Rev. Jere- 
miah Moore. Like his brother, left a successful 
business to enter the ministry, and fitted himself 
for his life-work by a course of hard study, pur- 
sued under the greatest difficulties. Was ordained 
pastor of Bethel church, Va., Oct. 21, 1821, to 
which place he returned after a short pastorate at 
the Navy-Yard church, Washington, D. C. In 
November, 1823, went to Ohio,, and took charge 
of a large school in Cambridge, where he organ- 
ized a church, and preached in all the regions 
round about. In 1828 he removed to Salt Creek, 
Muskingum Co., 0., preaching not only at Salt 
Creek, but at Brookfield and McConnellsville and 



many other places. In 1837 he succeeded his 
brother George as pastor of the First church, 
Zanesville, and, after two years, took charge of 
the Adamsville church, where he labored for 
eighteen years. 

During his long ministry of fifty-six years, forty- 
three years of which were spent in IMuskingum Co., 
0., Mr. Sedgwick baptized over 1000 persons. He 
was greatly interested in the missionary and educa- 
tional enterprises of Ohio, and assisted in the organ- 
ization of the Meigs' Creek Association in 1825 and 
the State Convention in 1826. He died Nov. 30, 
1871, revered and mourned by old and young. A 
son. Rev. G. C. Sedgwick, of Martin's Ferry, 0., 
succeeds him in the work of the gospel. 

Seely, Hon. Alexander McL., was born in 

St. John, New Brunswick, in 1812 ; commenced to 
attend Baptist preaching in 1835; was subsequently 
converted, and was baptized with eighteen others 
at Indiantown by the late Rev. Samuel Robinson, 
March 25, 1842; was deacon in Portland church, 
and Germain Street church, St. John, and is now 
deacon in Leinster church in that city. Became a 
member of the Legislature in 1854, and is now 
president of the popular branch of the New Bruns- 
wick Legislature. He is conscientious, urbane, and 
faithful in the performance of all his church and 
public duties. 

Seemuller, Mrs. Anne Moncure, daughter of 

Win. Crane and Jean Crane, and great-grand- 
daughter, on her mother's side, of Thomas Stone, 
a signer of the Declaration of Independence, was 
born in Baltimore, Jan. 7, 1838. She was edu- 
cated with superior advantages in the city of her 
nativity. She early gave herself to literary com- 
position, contributing to the Galaxy and other pe- 
riodicals. Three novels of remarkable characteris- 
tics are from her pen, — " Emily Chester," " Oppor- 
tunity," and " Reginald Archei-." She married Mr. 
Augustus Seemuller, of New York. Her health 
failing, she went to Stuttgart, Germany, where she 
died Dec. 10, 1877. She early became a member 
of Dr. Richard Fuller's church in Baltimore, and 
died in its communion. Her remains, as well as 
her husband's, repose beside her father's, in Green 
]Mount Cemetery, Baltimore. 

Seger, Rev. John, was born Feb. 14, 1786. 
He was baptized in tlie North River, in April j- 
1803 ; licensed to preach by the First Baptist 
church of New York, -June 17, 1813. He took 
charge of the Ilightstown church in May, 1818. 
Here he spent the vigor of his manhood. For 
eighteen years he was pastor of this church ; 
during part of this time he was also the pastor of 
the Hamilton Square church. Great spiritual 
awakenings followed his ministry. Many were 
led by him into the light. Large portions of New 
Jersey, from the Delaware to the coast, were trav- 



SELLERS 



1040 



SEMPLE 



ersed by him in preaching Jesus. He was moder- 
ator of the first State Convention of New Jersey, 
held at Nottingham Square, in 1830. He was set- 
tled for a time at Lambertville, subsequently on 
Long Island. From this time he lived in retire- 
ment, among the people of his first love. He was 
a godly man, whose life was made beautiful by the 
Saviour's presence. He died in a good old age, 
Nov. 15, 1870, leaving the heritage of a blessed 
memory. 

Sellers, Rev. T. G., principal of Starkville, 
Miss., Institute, was born in South Carolina in 1831 ; 
began to preach in Alabama in 1850, and graduated 
at Union University, Tenn., in 1854 ; two years 
pastor at Athens, Ala. ; since 1857 has supplied 
the church at Starkville, Miss. ; has been several 
times moderator of the Columbus, Miss., Associa- 
tion ; in 1869 established tiie Starkville Female 
Institute, which ranks among the first schools in 
the State. 

Semple, Robert B., D.D., the youngest son of 

John Semple and Elizabeth (Walker) Semple, was 
born at Rose Mount, King and Queen Co., Va., 
Jan. 20, 1769. His father dying while he was still 
an infant, he was left to the faithful care of his 
mother, a stanch adherent of the Episcopal 
Church. He was educated at the well-known 
academy conducted by the Rev. Peter Nelson, and 
he made such progress in his studies that at 
the age of sixteen he became a valuable assist- 
ant teacher. Having finished his course of study 
here, he was employed as tutor in a private family, 
and at the same time entered upon the study 
of law. At this period he was troubled with 
grievous skeptical views as to religious truth, but 
through the prayers of an humble friend who was 
very familiar with the Bible, and with whom he 
held many conversations and protracted arguments, 
he was led to realize his errors, and was brought, 
by the grace of God, to feel his sinful condition. 
Immediately on his conversion, he felt it to be his 
duty to connect himself with a Baptist church, 
although the denomination in his neighborhood 
was but lightly esteemed. He was baptized in De- 
cember, 1789, by the Rev. Theodoric Noel, and 
joined the Upper King and Queen church. He 
began immediately to speak for Christ, and preached 
his first discourse at the house of Mrs. Loury, Caro- 
line County, December 24, the same occasion on 
which the Rev. Andrew Broaddus made his first 
effort at preaching. He gave but little evidence at 
that time of any special " aptness to teach." He per- 
severed, however, in his efforts, and when, in 1790, 
the Bruington church was constituted, Mr. Semple 
became its pastor, having been ordained Sept. 26, 
1790. This church he served until his death, a 
period of forty years. In 1793 he married Miss 
Ann Loury, daughter of Col. Thomas Loury, of 



Caroline County, and settled in King and Queen 
County, on a farm named " Mordington," where 
for many years, in addition to preaching, he taught 
school. Mr. Semple soon became one of the most 




SEMPLE, D.D. 



useful and popular men in the Stata. He made 
frequent and extensive tours throughout lower 
Virginia, strengthening the churches and proving 
a great blessing to the people. He had the grat- 
ification of baptizing converts frequently and in 
large numbers. He was an active member of the 
Dover Association, and its efficiency was, in a 
great measure, owing to his zeal and labors in its 
behalf. He was deeply interested in the- cause of 
missions, and was one of the first in Virginia to 
advocate their claims. He enlisted the prayers and 
labors both of individuals and churches in them; 
attended the first meeting of the Baptist General 
Convention ; was an active friend of the Richmond 
Foreign and Domestic Society, and labored for the 
General Association of Virginia. Mr. Semple was 
also an ardent friend of education. At a very 
critical period in the varied history of the Columbian 
College he was persuaded to become its financial 
agent and president of its board of trustees. He 
subjected himself to numerous inconveniences in 
accepting this trust, and his death soon after frus- 
trated the hopes which the friends of the college 
had indulged from their knowledge of Mr. Semple's 
prudence and energy. As an author, he won the 
regards of the denomination. In 1809 he published 
a Catechism for the use of children, which was ex- 
tensively used and highly commended. In 1810 



SENTER 



1041 



SMl'ANATE 



his "History of Virginia Baptists"' was published. 
This work must have cost the author much time 
and trouble, but it conferred an important benefit on 
the churches, in enabling them to become familiar 
■with each other's rise and progress, and in its tend- 
ency to bind them more closely together. This 
is an invaluable volume. He also wrote a biog- 
raphy of the lamented Straughan. He was fre- 
quently called on to write the circular letters of the 
Dover Association, all of which were marked by 
rare excellence of style and matter. As a minister 
of the gospel Mr. Semple was eminently success- 
ful. The secret of his usefulness lay in his great 
prudence and decision of character ; in the un- 
wearied diligence with which he discharged his 
ministerial duties, and in the marked practical 
character of his preaching. No one knew better 
than he how to counsel persons under conviction 
of sin, or how to advise under any perplexing cir- 
cumstances. His congregations were always large, 
because he never failed to fill his appointments ; 
while his discourses were remarkable for appro- 
priateness, and were always delivered in simplicity 
and sincerity. The Rev. Andrew Broaddus, wlio 
knew him intimately, said of him, "The distin- 
guishing excellence of our brother in his minis- 
terial capacity appeared to me to consist in a fund 
of knowledge of human nature, applied, as occa- 
sion called for it, to the various workings of the 
heart, and in what the apnstle calls ' instruction 
in righteousness ;' or an exhibition of the duty and 
advantage of pi-actical godliness.'' Mr. Semple 
was invited, in 1805, to become the president of 
Transylvania University, which honor he declined. 
In 1815 Brown University conferred on him the 
honorary degree of xi.M. It also conferred on 
him the degree of D.D., which honor was also 
given to him by the college of William and Mary, 
both which, however, he felt constrained respect- 
fully to decline. He died Dec. 25, 1831, and "in 
his removal,"' says his biographer, "the whole de- 
nomination sustained a loss." 

Senter, Deacon James M., of Trenton, Tenn., 
was born in Cumberland Co., N. C. His father 
■removed to Tennessee in 1831. He professed faith 
in Christ and joined Liberty Baptist church, and 
was baptized by Rev. S. P. Clark in 1846. He 
united with the Trenton church, where he still re- 
tains his membership, in 1858. He was ordained 
to the deaconship in said church in February, 1860, 
which position he still holds, to the pleasure and 
profit of both church and pastor. His pastor, Dr. 
M. Hillsman, one of our ablest ministers, speaks of 
him always in the most complinientary terms. It 
is the opinion of the writer that he has but few, if 
any, equals as a deacon. He is the deacons' treas- 
urer. They assess the membership, the amounts 
to be paid quarterly, the sum is promptly given, 



and handed over to the pastor. Everything moves 
regularly like a clock ; there is no friction in the 
machinery. If all our churches had such deacons 
our ministers would all fare well. Dr. Hillsman 
has no fears that his salary will fall short. Deacon 
Senter is a man of much prayer, consequently ready 
for every good word and work. He attends our an- 
niversaries, and is always found upon important 
committees. He is now treasurer of the Central 
Association. He not only works and gives him- 
self, but encourages others to labor and give. The 
churches should implore the Lord from day to day 
to raise up more such deacons. 

Senter, Deacon William M., was born at Lex- 
ington, Henderson Co., Tenn., April 11, 1831. He 
■was converted and united with the Baptist church 
at BlufiF Springs, and ■was baptized by Rev. Jas. 
Hurt, D.D., in 1850. In 1854 he united with the 
church at Trenton. Tenn. He united with the 
Third Baptist church of St. Louis, Mo., in 1870. 
He was elected trustee in 1871, and deacon in 1878. 
He is now president of the financial board of the 
church, composed of deacons and trustees; has 
been treasurer of the executive board of the Gen- 
eral Association of the State. He is president of 
the Cotton Compress Company of St. Louis. By 
integrity, energy, and skill he has built up from 
small beginnings one of the largest establishments 
in the West. He is a man of admirable social, re- 
ligious, and benevolent qualities. Mr. Senter has 
given thousands of dollars to our Baptist cause, 
and he is a pillar of strength in his church and in 
our denomination in the city and State. 

Separate Baptists.— When George Whitefield 
preached in New England, as elsewhere, many 
were converted to God ; and as in the State Con- 
gregational churches religion was in a very low 
condition, the new disciples were regarded as a 
strange element, except by those in them, ministers 
or laymen, who had been blessed with new hearts. 
These persons for a time were called Newlights; 
but, as their treatment by the old religious commu- 
nities was cold and sometimes unfriendly, and as 
the truth was frequently neither loved nor preached 
in the churches of the " standing order," the New- 
lights established religious services of their own, 
and in process of time they organized churches, 
into which only regenerated members were re- 
ceived. These communities were first established 
about 1744, and they were pious Congregational 
churches, as distinguished from the formal legal- 
ized bodies of the State. Baptists and Pedobaptists 
were often found in the Separate churches. Isaac 
Backus and Shubal Stearns were ministers among 
them. This union, however, was not permanent. 
The Baptists did not care to see a child sprinkled 
in a church to which they belonged, and the Con- 
gregationalists were not happy when one of their 



SEPARATE 



1042 



SEVENTH-DAY 



believing brethren was immersed. Open commu- 
nion, instead of fostering charity, promoted dis- 
cord, and ultimately either the Baptists or the 
Congregationalists withdrew fi'om the church which 
they had formed and organized another on the 
basis of the truth as they held it. Mr. Stearns 
was ordained among the Separates ; and after he 
had been immersed and ordained as a Baptist min- 
ister, impressed with what seemed to him the call 
of God to remove far to the West to perform a great 
work for his Master, he and a few of his members, 
in 1754, departed from Connecticut. He stopped 
on the way. before he reached the home selected for 
him by the providence of God, Sandy Creek, Guil- 
ford Co., N. C, when, on Nov. 22, 1755, he and 
his companions formed a church of sixteen mem- 
bers. The first Separate church in Virginia was 
constituted in 1760, with Button Lane as its pastor. 
Daniel Marshall, Dutton Lane, and Col. Samuel 
Harriss enjoyed extraordinary success in their min- 
istrations, converts came to Christ in throngs, 
churches were constituted, Associations were 
formed, the first of which was established among 
the Separates in North Carolina in 1758. In 1770 
there were but two Separate churches in Virginia 
north of the James River, and about four south of 
it ; in 1774 there were thirty south and twenty-four 
north of it that sent letters to the Association, and 
there were probably several others not yet identified 
with the Association. The ministers traveled 
extensively and preached everywhere. Messrs. 
Harriss and Read baptized 75 at one time on a 
preaching tour, and in one of their journeys they 
immersed 200. Sometimes the floor of the house 
where the meeting was held was covered with per- 
sons struck down with conviction of sin, and fre- 
quently the ministers were raised up at night to 
point weeping penitents to Jesus. A torrent of 
saving grace descended on Virginia, North Caro- 
lina, and other States through the labors of the 
Separate Baptists, which has never been exceeded 
in saving power in one section of country since the 
Saviour ascended into heaven. The Separate Bap- 
tists did not lay so much stress upon an educated 
ministry as their Regular brethren ; they were 
unwilling for a time to be bound by any creed, and 
finally, only with explanations, accepted the Phil- 
adelphia Confession of Faith on Aug. 10, 1787, as 
one of the terms of a union with the Regular 
Baptists, consummated at that time, after which 
the Baptists of the Old Dominion were known as 
the United Baptist churches of Virginia. The Sep- 
arate Baptists had some leaders who were strongly 
inclined to Arminianism, though generally they 
were sound on the doctrines of grace ; and they 
were for a time regarded by their Regular brethren 
as somewhat loose, and lacking in order in their 
religious meetings. We heartily approve of the 



old Calvinism of the Regular Baptists of Virginia, 
and as heartily commend the holy fervor and 
boundless zeal of their Separate brethren. United, 
they have planted churches all over Virginia, 
swept out of existence the union between Church 
and State, and secured through James Madison and 
George Washington the religious amendment to the 
United States Constitution. The Separate Baptists 
had for a time a distinct and vigorous existence in 
several other States besides Virginia, and wherever 
they were found they were the most aggressive and 
successful body of Christians ever known in our 
country. No efi'ort or sacrifice stood in their way 
where souls were to be saved or Christ's truth 
honored. The Separate Baptists were divinely pre- 
pared agents, exactly suited to the people among 
whom they labored to accomplish a gigantic work 
for God and for the Baptist denomination in the 
Southern and Southwestern States of this country ; 
and whatever may have been their deficiencies as 
compared to their Regular brethren of their own 
day, or to the Baptists of our times, they are worthy 
of grateful and everlasting remembrance by their 
present successors and by the Saviour's friends of 
every name. 

Long since the chasm between them and the 
Regular Baptists has been bridged, and the two 
bodies everywhere are now one in name and in 
religious principles. 

Settle, Judge Thomas, Sr. — For a series of 

years Judge Settle was the moderator of the Beulah 
Association. He was born in Rockingham Co., 
N. C, March 10, 1789. The law was his chosen 
profession, though he was a politician during a 
part of his life, having served in the United States 
Congress in 1817, and also in 1819, when he de- 
clined re-election. He was Speaker of the House 
of Commons of North Carolina in the sessions of 
1826-27, and in 1832 was elected a judge of tiie 
Superior Court, which ofiice he filled till his resig- 
nation in 1854. He died Aug. 7, 1858. His last 
official position was that of chairman of the court 
of his county. He was the father of Hon. Thos. 
Settle, at one time on the Supreme Court bench of 
North Carolina, and now United States district- 
judge in Florida, and of Mrs. Gov. D. S. Reid. 

Seventh-Day Baptists, The, are distinguished 
from the Regular Baptists mainly by their views of 
the Sabbath. They believe that the seventh day of 
the week was sanctified for the Sabbath in Paradise, 
and was designed for all mankind ; that it forms 
a necessary part of the Ten Commandments, and 
is as immutable as they ; that it was not changed 
by divine authority at the introduction of Chris- 
tianity ; that passages in the New Testament, 
speaking of the first day of the week, do not imply 
its substitution for the Sabbath, or its appointment 
as a day of worship ; that early Christians con- 



SEVENTH-DAY 



1043 



SHADE AC H 



tinued to observe the seventh day as the Sabbath 
till the edicts of emperors and decrees of councils 
suppressed it; that, finally, " The seventh day of 
the week, and not the first, ought now to be ob- 
served as the .Sabbath of the Lord our God." 
Notices of people holding these sentiments are 
found in the first six Christian centuries, also 
during the dark period intervening between the 
establishment of papal dominion and the dawning 
of the Reformation. In the seventh century, under 
Pope Gregory I., the Sabbath was much discussed, 
a class declaring " it was not lawful to do any man- 
ner of work on the Saturday, or the old Sabbath." 
In the eleventh century, under Gregory VII., 
the same was preached. In the twelfth century 
there existed a large community in Lombardy who 
kept the seventh day as the Sabbath. The Refor- 
mation introduced a new era. In the sixteenth 
century, Baptists who kept the seventh day were 
quite common in Germany. In the beginning of 
the seventeenth century they made their appear- 
ance in England, but did not begin to organize 
churches until 1650. Within fifty years from the 
latter date there were eleven Sabbatarian churches 
in England, and scattered Sabbath-keepers in many 
parts of the kingdom. Nine of the eleven churches 
have become extinct, one remaining in London and 
one at Walton, near Tewksbury. They enjoyed the 
ministry' of distinguished Dissenters, as Francis 
Bamfield, founder of Cripplegate church in London ; 
Edward Stennett, ancestor of the famous Stennett 
family ; Joseph Stennett, author of the reply to 
Russen's " Fundamentals without a Foundation, 
or a True Picture of the Anabaptists ;" Joseph 
Stennett, D.D., and Samuel Stennett, D.D., of the 
Little Wild Street Baptist church in London. 

Seventh-Day Baptists made their appearance in 
America in the latter part of the seventeenth cen- 
tury. The first church was organized at Newport, 
R. I., in 1671. With this church for many years 
united the scattered Sabbatarians in Rhode Island 
and Connecticut, the pastors holding meetings in 
distant places. In 1708 a church was organized 
in Ilopkinton, R. I. ; in 1784, another in Water- 
ford, Conn. There are now eight in Rhode Island 
and two in Connecticut. In New Jersey the first 
church was embodied at Piscataway in 1705 ; from 
this sprang the church at Shiloh in 1737. Now 
there are four churches in that State. 

In New York there are thirty-three churches. 
The church at Berlin was gathered in 1780, and 
formed a branch in Stephentown, and then a church 
at Petersburg. Then followed the churches at 
Adams, and at Hounsfield, and Brookfield, in 
1797. This last church gave rise to two others in 
the same town. Then there are churches in Ve- 
rona, Watson, Preston, Otselie, Lincklaen, De 
Ruyter, and Truxton. One in New York City, 



twelve in Allegany, Steuben, and Cattaraugus 
Counties, and several others in Western New 
York. Churches are now found over the South and 
West; 4 in Pennsylvania, 6 in West Virginia, 2 in 
Ohio, 7 in Wisconsin, 8 in Illinois, 2 in Iowa, 1 in 
Missouri, 1 in Kansas, 2 in Nebraska, 4 in Minne- 
sota, and 1 in Dakota Territory. There are also 2 
in England, previously named, 1 in Holland, and 
1 in China, which report to the General Confer- 
ence. 

The Yearly Meeting in America was early es- 
tablished, which gave rise to the General Confer- 
ence, held annually in September. In connection 
with this are held the Missionary, Tract, and Educa- 
tion Societies. In 1835 the churches organized into 
Associations; these are now the Eastern, Central, 
Western, Northwestern, and Southeastern. The 
Missionary Society was organized in 1843, oper- 
ating at home and abroad. Its foreign mission is lo- 
cated at Shanghai, China, having a church, chapel, 
and dwelling-house. The foreign work is conducted 
by Rev. David II. Davis and wife and Miss E. A. 
Nelson, aided by two native preachers. The so- 
ciety has a charter from Rhode Island, and is lo- 
cated at Westerly. The Tract Society manages 
the denominational issues, and publishes the weekly 
paper, The Sabbath Recorder, with headquarters at 
Alfred Centre, N. Y. The Education Society is 
located at Alfred Centre, and largely aids the 
Alfred University at that place in carrying on its 
classical, mechanical, and theological instruction. 
l^he Sabbath Recorder was established in 1844. 
The denomination also publishes a Sabbath-school 
paper. Much of the substantial history of the 
churches and ministers may be found in the 
Seventh-Day Baptist Memorial, — a quarterly. The 
literature of the denomination is fairly represented 
in the volumes published by the Tract Society. In 
revival efforts the churches and ministers very 
heartily unite with the laborers of other evangelical 
denominations. 

The following statistics are taken from the re- 
turns of 1879: Associations, 5 ; churches, 90 ; or- 
dained ministers, 105 ; total membership, 8605. 

The above, somewhat condensed, is from the 
pen of a leading member of the Seventh-Day Bap- 
tist denomination. The editor gives it as an ex- 
pression of the opinions of these brethren, not as a 
declaration of his views. 

Shadrach, Wm., D.D. — This name is a house- 
hold word among the Baptists of Pennsylvania. 
If fidelity to truth, earnest convictions, impassioned 
eloquence, and active zeal through half a century 
entitle a clergyman to peculiar prominence among 
his brethren, such prominence must be awarded 
this veteran minister. 

Dr. Shadrach is a fine specimen of the Welsh 
people, of whom there have been not a few highly 



SHAILER 



1044 



distinguished ministers in the State of Pennsylvania. 
He was born in Swansea, Glamorganshire, South 
Wales, Dec. 4, 1804, and came to America, landing 
at Pictou, Nova Scotia, wlien fifteen years of age. 
After spending some time in Baltimore, Md., he 
removed to Pennsylvania, and on the 22d of May, 
1825, was baptized into the fellowship of the Two 
Lick Baptist church, Indiana Co., by Rev. Thomas 
E. Thomas. He received ordination Dec. 10, 1828, 
and became pastor of the Mount Pleasant Baptist 
church, Westmoreland Co. From this date to 1837 
he served with much acceptance and signal success 
the churches of Mount Pleasant, Loyalhannah, 
Peters' Creek, and Alleghany City. In 1837 he 
settled with the New Market Street church (now 
Fourth) in Philadelphia. 

After a service of more than three years he ac- 
cepted the agency of the Pennsylvania Baptist 
State Convention (now the General Association), 
and labored with great success for three years. 
After a brief connection with the Grant Street 
church in Pittsburgh, he was called in 1844 to the 
Fifth Baptist church, Philadelphia, where he re- 
mained until 1847, resigning in order to devote 
himself to the work of assisting to found the uni- 
versity at Lewisburg. For six years he devoted 
himself with untiring energy and eminent success to 
this great undertaking. In 1853 he was chosen cor- 
responding secretary of the American Baptist Pub- 
lication Society, and continued in this service until 
July, 1860. In that year he received the honorary 
degree of Doctor of Divinity from Madison Uni- 
versity. In 1840, and also in 1841 and 1846, he 
was elected moderator of the Philadelphia Baptist 
Association. 

From 1860 to the present date Dr. Shadrach has 
led an active life as a pastor of several important 
churches, giving also portions of his time to the 
interests of the denomination at large in labor for 
the Publication Society and the university. In a 
serene old age he is still honored as the devoted 
pastor of the church in the county-town of Indiana, 
Pa. Long may the shades of night be deferred ! 

Shailer, Rev. Nathan Emery, son of Rev. 

Simon Shailer, a stanch, old-time representative 
Baptist minister, who left an excellent record in 
Haddam, Conn., where he died, was born in Ilad- 
dam, June 17, 1803 : studied in Bacon Academy, 
Colchester, and became a teacher ; converted under 
the preaching of Rev. William Bentley ; com- 
menced mercantile life, but yielded to the ministry ; 
studied theology at Hamilton, N. Y., under Dr. 
Kendrick, with the missionaries Haswell and Vin- 
ton as fellow-students ; ordained in New Britain, 
Conn., in the autumn of 1829, and remained three 
years ; in 1832 became pastor of the Baptist church 
in Chesterfield, which, with the church in Volun- 
town, he served three years. He then settled with 



the church in Preston, where he had an unusually 
happy and prosperous pastorate of eight years ; in 
1844 was chosen State missionary by the Connec- 
ticut Baptist State Convention, which responsible 
position he filled with admirable tact, fidelity, and 
success for thirty years, visiting annually all parts 
of the State, and laboring with feeble churches and 
in destitute regions ; held protracted meetings ; 
organized churches; aided ministers; collected 
funds ; and settled difficulties. He was unwearied 
in his devotion; genial and ready; an engaging 
preacher ; mighty in prayer ; wise in council ; pure 
in doctrine and in life ; kind to all, but firm as a 
rock for the truth ; the co-laborer of Cook, Denison, 
Bailey, Steward, Ives, Swan, and Turnbull ; full 
of honors and virtues as of years, he died July 10, 
1879, aged seventy-six. 

Shailer, William H., D.D., was born in Had- 
dam, Conn., Nov. 20, 1807. Having enjoyed such 




WIIII\M H ^H \1ICR r> D 

advantages as could be secured in his native town 
for obtaining an education, he began to teach at 
the early age of seventeen. His desire was to fit 
himself eventually for the profession of law, but 
having become a hopeful Christian all his life-plans 
at once underwent a change. He was baptized into 
the fellowship of the church in Deep River, Conn., 
and soon after completed his preparatory studies 
at Hamilton. He then entered Madison University, 
and graduated in the class of 1835. While pursuing 
his studies at the Newton Theological Institution 
I he was chosen principal of the Connecticut Literary 
1 Institution at Suffield. He commenced his labors 



SHALLENBERGER 



1045 



SHALLEXRERGER 



there in December, 1835, teaching during tlie week 
and preaching on the Sabbath. He was ordained as 
an evangelist at Deep River, Conn., Feb. 26, 1836. 
Having occupied the position to which he had 
been called in Suffield for nearly two years, he ac- 
cepted an invitation to become pastor of the Baptist 
church in Brookline, Mass., and began his ministry 
there Sept. 1, 1837. For sixteen years and a half he 
continued pastor of that church, though frequently 
invited and urged to accept other and seemingly 
more important positions. During that period he 
was connected with various denominational organ- 
izations, — was ten years secretary of the Massachu- 
setts Baptist Convention, thirteen years recording 
secretary of the American Baptist Missionary Union, 
nearly eight years a member of the Executive Com- 
mittee of the Union, and was connected with the 
boards of several other denominational institutions, 
attending their meetings with great regularity. 

In March, 1854, Dr. Shailer became pastor of the 
First Baptist church in Portland, Me., a position to 
which he had been invited twelve years before. In 
1858 he became the proprietor and editor o\' Zioiis 
Advocate, of which paper he was the publisher for 
more than fifteen years, in addition to his pastoral 
labors. His connection with the church in Port- 
land continued for the unusually long period of 
twenty-three and a half years. lie resigned his 
pastorate in 1877, his resignation taking effect 
August 1 of that year. It thus appears that 
Dr. Shailer has had but two settlements during 
forty consecutive years. 

Dr. Shailer was a trustee of the Newton Theo- 
logical Institution from 1848, and of Colby Uni- 
versity from 1855. The honorary degree of Doctor 
of Divinity was conferred upon him by Madison 
University in 1853. 

He i-esided in Portland, active in various ways 
in promoting the cause of Christ and the interests 
of the denomination to which he was so long at- 
tached, and enjoyed the respect and confidence of 
his brethren and friends until his death, which oc- 
curred Feb. 23, 1881. 

Shallenberger, Aaron T., M.D., eldest son of 
Abrani Shallenherger, was born at Mount Pleasant, 
Westmoreland Co., Pa., Feb. 20, 1825, and was 
baptized into the fellowship of the Baptist church 
in 1842 ; studied medicine in the office of W. C. 
Reiter, M.D., of Mount Pleasant, and graduated 
at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. March 
20, 1846 ; married Miss Mary Bonbright, of 
Youngstown, Pa., Sept. 1. 1846 ; removed to 
Rochester, Pa., Jan. 7, 1847, where he has since 
resided in the practice of his profession. He is a 
member of the Baptist church at Rochester and 
president of its board of trustees. He has been 
pi'ominent in the local and educational interests of 
the county, a constant reader of general and pro- 



fessional literature, and especially interested in 
scientific investigations and discoveries. 

Shallenherger, Deacon Abrani, was born in 
1797, of Swiss ancestry. He was baptized in early 
manhood into the fellowshi]i of the Baptist Church. 
He married Rachel Newmyer, and settled in Mount 
Pleasant, Pa., where he carried on an extensive 
business for many years : was a constituent mem- 
ber of the Mount Pleasant Baptist church, and was 
elected its first deacon in November, 1828, which 
office he filled until he removed to Beaver County 
in 1856. He passed away very suddenly in De- 
cember, 1868, dropping dead while walking home 
from church at New Brighton, Pa., where he had 
greatly enjoyed a communion service. 

Deacon Shallenherger was a man of great nat- 
ural endowment, force of character, and informa- 
tion. He found time for much study and general 
reading. He was, indeed, mighty in the Scrip- 
tures, and had a reason for the faith that was in 
him. He was a terse and vigorous writer, contrib- 
uting occasionally to the religious weeklies. He 
was active in every good work, a shining light in 
the church, a tender and affectionate husband and 
father, universally esteemed for the purity and 
probity of his character. He died in ;"ie triumph 
of the Christian's hope. 

His wife, a noble Christian woman, survived him 
a year and a half, then fell asleep in Jesus. Twelve 
children were born to these parents, eight of whom 
are still living, all married, teaching their children 
the religion of Jesus. 

Shallenherger, Hon. William S., was born at 
Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland Co., Pa.. Nov. 24, 
1839: received his education at the university at 
Lewisburg; was baptized into the fellowship of 
the Mount Pleasant Baptist church in 1857 ; en- 
listed, in August, 1862, in the 140th Regiment Pa. 
Vols., in which he was afterwards appointed adju- 
tant; was wounded slightly at Chancellorsville, 
and severely at Gettysburg and at the Wilderness; 
was discharged from the service on account of 
wounds. 

Since the war he has been active in business 
pursuits. He is a deacon of the church at Roches- 
ter. He was the first president of the Beaver 
County Sunday-School Institute. He has been 
moderator of the Pittsburgh Association for the 
years 1877 and 1878, and he gained signal reputa- 
tion for his judicious rulings. He was elected to 
the Forty-fifth Congress in 1876, at the early age 
of thirty-seven, from the twenty-fourth district of 
Pennsylvania, and re-elected to the Forty-sixth 
Congress in 1878. 

He married Josephine, daughter of Gen. Thos. J. 
Power, of Rochester, in 1864. 

A Washington journal represents him as pos- 
sessing " a reputation for personal integrity that 



SHANAFELT 



1046 



SHANS 



for him the esteem and confidence of 
his peers, and has given him an influence with tho 
various departments of the government that has 
made him one of the most useful members of the 




HON. WILLIAM S. SH ALLENBERGEK. 

House of Representatives. There is not, we ven- 
ture the remark, a more industrious or painstaking 
man in Congress at this time than Mr. Shallen- 
berger, a more obliging representative, or a more 
upright Christian gentleman." 

Shanafelt, Rev. A. H., passed from labor to the 
refreshing blessedness and the unbroken rest of 
heaven in 1875. Mr. Shanafelt was a native of 
Pennsylvania, and he died when about forty years 
of age. lie had a vigorous constitution, and looked 
as if designed by the Creator for a long and ardu- 
ous life. 

He was called by the Spirit into the kingdom of 
grace and peace in early life, and united with the 
Methodist Church ; but he soon learned the truth 
more perfectly about free-will and the ordinance 
of baptism, and he was immersed on a profession 
of his faith. He was a graduate of Lewisburg Uni- 
versity. After laboring in the interior of Pennsyl- 
vania, he settled in Chester in 1867, where his 
efforts were sanctioned by the divine Spirit, and 
where the laborer was tenderly loved. Few men 
enjoyed in a greater measure the confidence of his 
brethren, and few men so richly deserved it. 

Shannon, Rev. James, a distinguished scholar, 
a graduate of Belfast College, Ireland, who came 
to Sunbury, Ga., to assist Dr. McWhii-r in the 
academy. He became a candidate for the ministry 



among the Presbyterians, and for a trial 
was given the subject, " Did John's baptism belong 
to the Jewish or Cliristian dispensation?" His 
examination of the subject of baptism led to his 
becoming a Baptist, and he was baptized by Rev. 
C. 0. Screven, D.D., in 1822 or 1823. He became 
the successor of the elder Brantly, as pastor of the 
Augusta church, in May, 1826, and his pastorate 
extended through three and a half years, his ac- 
ceptance of the professorship of Ancient Languages 
in the State University, at Athens, causing his 
resignation. During his pastorate — in the year 
1827 — there was a powerful revival in the church 
at Augusta, and Mr. Shannon baptized many, who 
became faithful and useful church members. While 
at Athens, he was instrumental in the organization 
of the Baptist church in that city, on the 31st of 
January, 1830, and was elected pastor on the 20th 
of March following. This relation existed until 
1835, when he removed to Missouri, and became 
president of William Jewell College in 1844 or 
1845. He died about 1853. He was a man of great 
zeal, an unblemished reputation, and fine scholar- 
ship; but he became somewhat erratic before his 
death, and joined the " Campbellites." 

Shans, Mission to the.— The Shans, with their 
kindred races, are spread over a large territory of 
Burmah, and are found in great numbers in Siam, 
Cochin China, Assam, and the adjacent countries. 
As far back as 1836 they were supposed to be ten 
times as numerous as the Burmese. Their general 
character is regarded as much superior to that of 
the Burmans. In religion they are supposed to be 
Buddhists. The 'spiritual wants of this widely 
scattered people attracted the attention of the 
friends of missions in this country more than forty 
years since, but comparatively little was done to 
save them until 1859. Rev. M. H. Bixby, who had 
been a missionary among the Burmans and Talings, 
was appointed to the new field of labor among the 
Shans. The most encouraging indications met Mr. 
Bixby from the very outset of his work. Having 
made Toungoo his headquarters, he commenced to 
preach and make himself better acquainted with 
the language, and many inquirers came to him to 
learn of Jesus. The first highly raised expecta- 
tions were not met. Various causes conspired to 
hinder the progress of the work. In 1863 the 
prospect seemed more encouraging. Conversions 
occurred, and the belief was strengthened that the 
blessing of heaven would largely rest on the labors 
of the missionaries. On Sunday, the 22d of May, 
1864, Mr. Bixby baptized fifty-five converts in a deep 
gorge between two mountains, on the sides of which 
were two villages of the Shans. At the end of four 
years' work he reports one hundred baptisms and 
the formation of three churches. The constant 
labor of so many years at last so undermined the 



SHARP 



SHARP 



health of Mr. Bixhy that he returned to the United 
States in the summer of 1868, and the care of the 
mission devolved on Rev. Mr. Gushing, who was 
joined' hy Rev. E. D. Kelley in the spring of 1872. 
Mr. and Mrs. Gushing returned to their native 
country in 1875. During the absence of Mr. Gusli- 
ing the mission to the Shans was put in charge of 
Rev. Mr. Eveleth. On his return, in the latter 
part of 1877, Mr. Gushing established a new station 
in Upper Burmah, at Bhamo, where he could come 
in contact with many of the Shans. He was hope- 
ful of good results from his labors. 

Sharp, Daniel, D.D., was an Englishman by 
birth, the place of his nativity being Huddersfield, 




DAN1EI> SHARP, D.D. 

in the county of York. He was born Dec. 2.5, 1783. 
From his pious parents he received a religious 
education, and always spoke of them in terms of 
the highest affection. Having become a hopeful 
Ghristian, he joined a Gongregational church, but 
a change in his sentiments having taken place as 
to the proper mode and subjects of baptism, he 
united with a Baptist church. Turning his atten- 
tion to mercantile pursuits, he was sent to this 
country as the business agent of a large firm in 
Yorkshire. On reaching New York, in the autumn 
of 1805, he identified himself at once with the 
church under the pastoral charge of Rev. John 
Williams. In the social meetings of the church he 
developed such gifts at public speaking, and showed 
such a love for the work to which he devoted the 
energies of his life, that it was the conviction of 
his brethren that he ought to prepare for the Ghris- 



tian ministry. After deliberating prayerfully over 
the matter, he decided to obey what seemed to be a 
call from the Master, and without delay put him- 
self under the careful training of the Rev. William 
Staughton, D.D., of Philadelphia, and received or- 
dination May 17, 1809, as pastor of the Baptist 
church in Newark, N. J. For nearly three years 
he occupied this position, when he was invited to 
take the pastoral charge of the Gharles Street 
church in Boston. The services of his recognition 
took place -April 29, 1812. 

The great executive talents of Dr. Sharp found 
a larger development and a wider sphere within 
which to exercise themselves when he was thus 
transferred to the metropolis of New England. 
Dr. Baldwin and others of kindred spirit wei-e 
laying the foundation and enlarging the usefulness 
of organizations which have since become a power 
for great good in the denomination. He interested 
himself in these various organizations. For a 
number of years he was one of the editors of the 
American Baptist Magazine. The intelligence that 
Rev. Messrs. Judson and Rice had become Ba,ptists 
and had thrown themselves on the sympathy and aid 
of the churches stirred all the generous impulses of 
his susceptible nature, and he was among the fore- 
most and the most earnest of his brethren to re- 
spond to the call made upon the benevolence of the 
denomination. In April, 1814, the General Gcn- 
vention of the Baptist denomination in the United 
States was formed. Almost from the outset he was 
one of its officers, and for many years president 
of its acting board. Upon the formation of the 
American Baptist Missionary Union he was chosen 
its first president, a distinction which showed in 
what estimation he was held by his brethren. 

Dr. Sharp was a warm friend of every movement 
which looked to the education of the ministry. 
With others he took the incipient steps which re- 
sulted in the formation of the Northern Baptist 
Education Society. The Newton Theological In- 
stitution found in him a stanch supporter. For 
eighteen years he was the president of its board of 
trustees. His long pastorate of the Gharles Street 
church, extending from April, 1812, to June, 1853, 
made him so well known in Boston that his straight, 
commanding form and dignified bearing were held 
in remembrance by citizens of all classes and de- 
nominations long after he had passed away. 

Dr. Sharp was eminently conservative in his 
tastes and habits. His long experience and wide 
observation made him suspicious of the permanent 
results of those spasmodic religious movements 
which stir whole communities from their profound- 
est depths. He was a believer in the worth of 
steady, every-day work, and he thought more of 
harmoniously developed, well-rounded Ghristians 
than of those whose zeal so often outruns a wise 



SHA VER 



1048 



SHAW 



discretion. In the city of his adoption he was 
known and respected as few clergymen of any de- 
nomination were in his day. Brown University 
honored him hj making him a Fellow of her cor- 
poration, and in 1811 by conferring upon him the 
honorary degree of Master of Arts, and in 1828 
that of Doctor of Divinity. He was one of not 
more than eight or ten Baptist ministers in tlie 
country who have received this latter degree from 
Harvard University, which conferred it upon him 
in 1843, at a time when he was a member of its 
board of overseei-s. He left behind him a stain- 
less Christian reputation and an honored memory 
as a minister of that gospel which he preached for 
more than forty years. 

Shaver, David, D.D., late editor of the Chris- 
tian Index, and for years editor of the Religious 




DAVID SHAVER, D.D. 

Herald, of Richmond, Va., was born in Abingdon, 
Va., of Presbyterian parents, in November, 1820. 
He professed religion early in life, but was not 
permitted to unite with a church. At sixteen he 
joined the Methodist Protestant Church, and was 
licensed to preach, and entered the itinerant min- 
istry when nearly twenty, in connection with the 
Virginia Annual Conference. Previous to that 
time he liad read theology one year : subsequently 
he devoted three years to the study of theology, 
suspending the active discharge of ministerial 
functions for the purpose. 

In November, 1844, he adopted Baptist senti- 
ments openly, after mature investigation, and was 
baptized at Lynchburg by Rev. James C. Clopton, 



and was ordained to the ministry of the Baptist d^ 
nomination. In June, 1845, he became pastor of the 
Lynchburg Baptist church, where he remained until 
called to succeed Dr. Jas. B. Taylor as pastor of 
the Grace Street church, Richmond, Va., in October, 
1846. At the end of two years, on account of throat 
disease, he was compelled to accept an agency for 
the Domestic Mission Board of the Southern Bap- 
tist Convention. Again entering the ministry, he 
served the Baptist church at Hampton, Va., from 
1853 to 1857, when he became editor of the Religious 
Herald, which he held until the surrender of Rich- 
mond. In 1867 he went to Atlanta, Ga., to assume 
the editorship of the Christian Index, from which 
position he retired in 1874. He then took charge 
of the Third Baptist church in Augusta. In 1878 
he was elected professor in the colored theological 
seminary, now in Atlanta, which position he still 
holds. This institution is maintained by the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society, and was 
removed from Augusta to Atlanta in 1879. 

Dr. Shaver is one of the finest scholars in the 
South, and possesses a mind of extraordinary acute- 
ness. As a sermonizer he perhaps has no superior, 
and his acquaintance with the whole range of theo- 
logical investigation renders him perfectly at home 
on any subject, and entitles his opinions to the 
highest respect. He is a most polished writer and 
an excellent editor. Of unquestionable piety and 
surpassing abilities, he would be fitted to adorn any 
ministerial position were it not for the failure of his 
voice, by which his usefulness as a public speaker 
is impaired. 

Shaw, Benjamin F., D.D., was born in Gor- 
ham, Me., Occ. 26, 1815. He fitted for college at 
the academy in Yarmouth, Me., and pursued his 
collegiate studies atWaterville andDartmoutli Col- 
leges, graduating from the latter in the class of 
1837. lie spent one year at the Newton Theologi- 
cal Institution. His ordination occurred Marcli 
16, 1843. He has been pastor of the churches in 
China, Thomaston, and Waterville, Me. The state 
of his health has obliged him during his life to re- 
tire altogether at times from ministerial work and 
devote himself to more active pursuits. In diflfer- 
ent sections of his native State he has performed 
missionary labor among feeble churches, and been 
successful in promoting revivals of religion. Colby 
University, of which he is a trustee, conferred on 
him the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1872. 

Shaw, Rev. J. F., editor of the Baptist Ind/x. 
published at Texarkana, Ark., was born in Georgia 
in 1845; was ordained in Alabama in 1866 ; after 
filling important positions in North Alabama came 
to Arkansas and founded the Arkadelphia Baptist 
High School, and supplied the church in that place 
two years; in 1879 traveled as State evangelist; 
in 1880 began the publication of the Baptist Index. 



SRAW 



SHEAR DOWN 



Shaw, Rev. John, was born in Scotland in 
1796, and converted there in 1812; emigrated to 
Prince Edward Island in 1819, and was baptized 
there by Rev. T. S. Harding in 1832 ; ordained at 
Three Rivers, Oct. 14, 1832. Mr. Shaw evangel- 
ized much, and with great success, particularly in 
Cape Breton Island. He died June 4, 1879. 

Shaw University. — This school had its origin 
in the formation of a theological class of freedmen 
in the old Guion Hotel, now the National Hotel, 
in the city of Raleigh, N. C, Dec. 1, 1865, and 
taught by Rev. H. M. Tupper, of Massachusetts, 
in the employ of the American Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society of New York. The following year it 
was removed to a large wooden building, corner 
of Blount and Cabanas Streets, where it continued 
as the Raleigh Institute till 1870. Some 2000 men, 
women, and children were enrolled on the books 
of the institute from its commencement. In 1870 
the Barringer property was bought for $15,000. 
In 1872 the Shaw building was finished and fur- 
nished, at a cost of $15,000, and in 1874 the Esty 
building, a school for girls, was completed, at a 
cost of $25,000. Mr. Shaw, of Wales, Mass., from 
whom the school is named, has been one of its 
largest benefactors, having given $8000 towards 
the original purchase, and the erection of the Shaw 
building. Towards the erection of the Esty build- 
ing the J. Esty Company, of Brattleboro', Vt., gave 
$8000; George M. Morse, of Putnam, Conn., gave 
$2000 ; $5000 were raised by the North Carolina 
Jubilee Singers, and various persons in the North 
gave smaller sums. About $3000 a year have been 
spent in the erection and furnishing of buildings 
since 1870, from money saved out of the receipts of 
the school. From 1870 to 1874 about 600 pupils 
attended, and the school was known as the Shaw 
Institute. In 1875 the school was incorporated as 
the Shaw University. In 1879 the university hall 
was completed, at a cost of about $6000, all the 
money, except $650, having been saved from tuition 
and the boarding department. The number of 
pupils enrolled from 1875 to 1880 is 900. 

At a recent meeting of the board of trustees a 
separate theological course was established for ad- 
vanced students, also a medical department, which 
will go into eifect Nov. 1, 1881. Funds to erect a 
medical dormitory, and also a necessary medical 
building, have recently been received, and this de- 
partment will be known as the Leonard Medical 
School, named in honor of the largest donors, the 
Leonard family, of which family Mrs. Tupper, the 
wife of the president, is a member. 

The students pay annually, for board and tui- 
tion, about $6000 in cash and $2000 in work. 

The school has five departments, — normal, scien- 
tific, collegiate, theological, and medical. 

It will be seen that the property has cost more 
67 



than $70,000, and that great good has been done, 
and will be accomplished, by its establishment, 
and it is proper to say, that while much credit is 
due to the friends who have so generously aided it, 
its success is still more largely due to the energy, 
business talents, faith, and perseverance of Rev. H. 
M. Tupper, the founder and president of the uni- 
versity. 

The students in 1880, of both sexes, numbered 
277 ; these were under the care of fifteen instruc- 
tors. 

Sheardown, Rev. Thomas Simpson, was bom 
Nov. 4, 1791, in the County of Lincoln, England ; 
baptized in the fall of 1812, settled in the United 
States, October, 1820, and was ordained in Decem- 
ber, 1828. 

The field occupied by this eminent servant of 
Christ was in Northern Pennsylvania and South- 
ern New York. Almost his entire ministry was 
spent on horseback, gathering churches in new 
settlements. Necessarily such a field, in its roughs 
ness and great privations, involved much self-de- 
nial. But rewards follow great sacrifices, and are 
correspondingly great. Revival succeeded revival. 
Churches were organized, and others built up. 
The number baptized by his own hands exceeded 
1400, while many others, converted under his 
labors, received baptism at the hands of pastors in 
whose churches he labored as an evangelist. With 
the single exception of the Troy church, in Brad- 
ford Co., Pa., he never settled over a church formed 
by other men's labors. His public life covered 
more than half a century, and, to the very last of 
his long career, both old and young were deeply 
attached to him, and even venerated him. His 
name had become a household word in the entire 
field he occupied, and Father Sheardown's advice 
almost became a law. 

The writer well remembers the earliest and the 
latest impressions made upon his own mind in lis- 
tening to his earnest and glowing utterances. 
Traveling from Hamilton Seminary, N. Y., into 
Pennsylvania, during a vacation, he reached the 
waters of Crooked Creek, in Tioga Co., Pa. Dusty, 
footsore, and discouraged beyond measure, he halted 
at a country house, where a crowd had assembled 
in the afternoon of a very hot day. Father Shear- 
down was preaching. The theme of his sermon 
was the familiar words, " Christ is all and in all." 
Never can he forget the glow of his countenance as 
beheld spellbound his rustic congregation. Every 
eye seemed sufl'used with tears. The writer forgot 
dust, heat, soreness of feet, and discouragements in 
the entrancing picture he drew of the moral worth 
of Christ, and each man's need of such a Christ. 
Years after, on his dying bed, he said to him, " Do 
you recollect the sermon you preached on Crooked 
Creek when the writer was but a boy?" He re- 



SEEDDEN 



1050 



SHELDON 



ferred him to the text. " No ; not the sermon," he 
replied, "but the theme. Why, that supported me 
long before. It has ever since, and never more than 
now, while on this bed, a mere wreck on the shore 
of time. ' Christ is aZL'' Preach it, brother !" In 
such a spirit lived and died this man of power with 
God, and this prince among preachers. Let the 
pulpits continue the blessed theme, " Christ is all 
and in all." 

Shedden, Capt. James, whose memory is dear 
to the Baptists of AVestern Pennsylvania, was born 
in the County of Derry, Ireland, April 27, 1833. 
He belonged to a Scotch-Irish family which for 
generations had held high positions in the British 
army. His father having removed to this country, 
died when James was yet young, thus throwing 
him upon his own resources. His early years were 
spent in the unsettled life of a riverman, and yet 
amid the busy scenes of steam and gunboat service 
the teachings of a pious mother were not forgotten. 
In later and more settled life these instructions 
resulted in his conversion. In the year 1873 he 
was baptized, and entered into fellowship with the 
First Baptist church of Sharpsburg, Alleghany Co., 
Pa. 

His life knew no idleness. At his death he held 
various offices, — deacon, trustee, church clerk, treas- 
urer, and superintendent of the Sabbath-school. 
In the Association he also held the office of treas- 
urer and assistant clerk. At the same time he was 
honored in being vice-president and a director of the 
Pittsburgh Baptist Social Union. His fellow-citi- 
zens also honored him by his election as a school 
director, and by constituting him burgess of Etna 
Borough. Capt. Shedden died suddenly Aug. 23, 
1878. His prayer has been answered, that when it 
should please the Lord to take him into rest the 
community might be all the better for his having 
lived among them. 

Sheffield, Rev. Charles Smith, was born at 

Jewett City, New London Co., Conn., Oct. 13, 1833. 
lie was baptized into the fellowship of the Butter- 
nuts Baptist church, Gilbertsville, Otsego Co., N. Y., 
April 24, 1853 ; prepared for college at Gilberts-"" 
ville Academy and Collegiate Institute ; entered 
the Freshman class of the University of Rochester, 
Sept. 10, 1856, and graduated July 11, 1860; en- 
tered Kochester Theological Seminary, Sept. 13, 
1860, and graduated July 2, 1863 ; received a 
unanimous call from the church at Newfane, 
Niagara Co., N. Y., and was ordained at Newfane, 
Oct. 1, 1863, Rev. E. G. Robinson, D.D., LL.D., 
preaching the sermon. December, 1866, resigned 
the pastorate at Newfane, on account of throat dis- 
ease, and in the following spring became teacher of 
natural sciences in Buffalo Central School, where 
he taught about four and a half years. In August, 
1871, removed to Kansas City, where he taught, 



with an interval of one year, for a period of seven 
years, most of the time as principal of the Kansas 
City High School. On July 1, 1878, he became 
superintendent of public schools at Atchison, Kan- 
sas, and served in that capacity for two years. In 
August, 1880, became president of Pierce City Bap- 
tist College, of Pierce City, Mo. Since resigning 
the pastorate he has preached occasionally for 
various churches, acting as pastor of the Pleasant 
Grove Baptist church from January, 1874, for one 
year, and supplying the Ottawa Baptist church for 
some months. 

Sheldon, Clisson P., D.D., was born in Ber- 
nardstown, Mass., May 9, 1813 : pursued academic 
studies at Hamilton, N. Y., until compelled by 
diseased eyes to discontinue ; ordained pastor at 
Whitesborough, Oct. 21, 1836, where he remained 
seven years. He then re-entered Madison Univer- 
sity, where he graduated in 1846. During the 
year 1845 he served as pastor of the First church, 
Hamilton, N. Y. Upon his graduation he settled 
with the Niagara Square church, Buffalo, which he 
served until, in 1854, he became a second time 
pastor in Hamilton. In 1856 he accepted a call to 
the Fifth Street church, Troy, N. Y., which church 
he served nearly twenty years, during which it 
grew in numbers and influence until it has become 
a leading church in the State. Nov. 1, 1875, at 
the request of the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society, he closed his pastorate at Troy and became 
district secretary of the society for New York and 
Northern New Jersey. 

His life has been that of a preacher and pastor. 
He has written, however, a number of excellent 
articles for newspapers and reviews, among them 
an "Historical Sketch of the Baptist Missionary 
Convention of the State of New York." He has 
frequently served the State Convention as corre- 
sponding secretary, as a member of its board, and 
as pi-esident. He has baptized 762 persons. He 
is a hard worker at whatever he undertakes, and a 
man of fine judgment. He is eminently qualified 
for the important office he now fills. He still re- 
sides at Troy, and is honored as one of its most 
worthy citizens. 

Sheldon, D.Henry, was bom in Union Village, 
AVashington Co., N. Y., in March, 1830. At the 
age of fourteen he was baptized into the fellowship 
of the Prattskill Baptist church of that place, Dr. 
Isaac Wescott being the pastor. In the beginning 
of his course of study he was prepared at Roches- 
ter for West Point, but that purpose having been 
changed, he removed to Racine, AVis., in 1849, 
where he went into business. Still having his 
mind upon study, he returned to Rochester in 
1854, and entering the Sophomore class in the 
university, graduated in 1857. Having chosen a 
business career, he went first to St. Louis, where 



SH ELTON 



SH ELTON 



he was engaged in successful pursuits of that 
nature until 1861. At that date he removed to 
Chicago, which has since been his home. Mr. 
Sheldon was one of the first to enlist in the work 
of founding a theological seminary at Chicago, was 
one of the earliest chosen on the board of trustees, 
and during the whole history of the institution has 
heen one of its influential, generous, and judicious 
friends. His donations in money have amounted 
to $10,000; besides which he gave $20,000 more In 
prope'rty. In other relations Mr. Sheldon has been 
known during his residence in Chicago as a devout 
■Christian and the zealous friend of every good 
cause. 

Shelton College is located at St. Albans, in 
Kanawha Co., W. Va., on the Chesapeake and 
Ohio Railroad. Steps preliminary to its establish- 
suent were taken by the Teays' Valley and Guyan- 
dotte Associations in 1871. It was first called 
Ooalsmouth High School. Rev. J. C. Rice was the 
first president, and Rev. B. Cade the first financial 
agent. Rev. P. B. Reynolds was elected principal 
of the school in 1872. A building for the institu- 
tion was begun in 1873, and the first regular ses- 
sion of the school commenced Oct. 1, 1875. An 
effort was made in 1876 to raise an endowment of 
$50,000, and Rev. AV. P. Walker acted as agent, 
but owing to the stringency of the times and other 
causes the effort had to be abandoned after securing 
^4000 or $5000. 

In consideration of gifts by Mr. T. M. Shelton, 
amounting to about $10,000, the name was changed 
to Shelton College. The institution owns property 
worth from $15,000 to $20,000, and after a hard 
struggle of ten years is nearly out of debt, and 
ready to begin the work for which it was estab- 
lished. 

The course of instruction in the college comprises 
mathematics, modern and ancient languages, and 
sciences. Each department is a distinct, complete 
school in itself, under a competent head, with 
necessary assistants. There is also a practical Bib- 
lical course for the special benefit of theological 
students. A number of very useful young pi-each- 
€rs have been educated at this school. 

Shelton, William, D.D., son of James and 
Nancy Shelton, was born in Smith Co., Tenn., 
July 4, 1824. In his youth he attended the com- 
mon schools of the country, in the vicinity of his 
home, until he acquired the rudiments of a common- 
school education. In the fourteenth year of his 
age he entered a high school, then taught at Big 
Spring, Wilson Co., Tenn., where he commenced 
the study of Latin, Greek, and mathematics. 

In his seventeenth year he entered the Junior 
•class of the University of Nashville. While a 
student in that institution he made a profession 
of religion, and joined the First Baptist church of 



Nashville, and was baptized by Rev. R. B. C. 
Howell, D.D., then pastor of the church, and was 
soon afterwards licensed to preach. In 1843 lie 
graduated from the University of Nashville, in his 
nineteenth year. He next became a student, in 
1844, in the theological department of Madison 
University, N. Y., from which he graduated in 
1846. 

Immediately after his graduation he was called 
to the pastoral care of the Baptist church in Clarks- 
ville, Tenn. Having accepted the call, he was or- 
dained to the work of the gospel ministry ; the 
Presbytery consisting of Rev. R. B. C. Howell, 
D.D., Rev. Samuel Baker, D.D., Rev. Reuben 
Ross, Rev. Robert Williams, and Rev. R. W. 
Nixon. 

In 1850 he resigned the care of the church in 
Clarksville, and accepted the professorship of 
Greek and Theology in Union University, Mur- 
freesborough, Tenn. 

In 1851 he accepted the pastorate of the Baptist 
church in that place, performing the double work 
of pastor and teacher. He continued in these posi- 
tions till 1855, when he was offered the presi- 
dency of Brownsville Female College, and was 
called to the pastoi-ate of the Baptist church in that 
place. Having accepted these offices he removed, 
and entered upon his work. Under his pastoi'al 
care the church was greatly enlarged and strength- 
ened, and under his administration the college 
grew to be one of the largest and most flourishing 
schools of the South up to the civil war. 

Immediately after the close of the war he was 
elected president of West Tennessee College, Jack- 
son, Tenn. Having accepted the position, he re- 
moved with his family to that city. He succeeded 
during the four following years in building up 
that institution to a high degree of efficiency and 
success. In 1869 he resigned the presidency of 
AVest Tennessee College. In 1873 he became 
financial agent and Professor-elect of Moral and 
Intellectual Philosophy in the University of Nash- 
ville. 

At the organization of the Southwestern Baptist 
University, in 1876, he was elected its first presi- 
dent. 

In 1878 he was elected president of Ewing Col- 
lege, 111., and has succeeded in imparting to it a 
high degree of prosperity. His home is still near 
Nashville, Tenn., six miles from the city. 

Dr. Shelton is regarded as a fine educator, and a 
good and useful preacher, as was demonstrated in 
his pastorate at Brownsville, Tenn., when large ac- 
cessions were made to the church. At one pro- 
tracted meeting, in which the writer assisted, be- 
tween sixty and seventy were added. His son, 
Wm. Shelton, Jr., has entered upon the ministry, 
and bids fair to make a useful preacher. 



SHEPARD 



1052 



SHEPPARD 



Shepard, Rev. Samuel, M.D., was bom in 

Salisbury, Mass., June 22, 1739. He studied medi- 
cine, and practised his profession at Brentwood, 
N. IT., and rose to distinction as a physician. The 
perusal of " Norcott on Baptism" led to a change 
of sentiments, and he left the Congregational 
Church and connected himself with the Baptists. 
Rev. Hezekiah Smith, of Haverhill, baptized him 
in June, 1770, and, soon after his public profession 
of faith in Christ, he began to preach. Within a 
year three small chui'ches were formed in three 
different but neighboring towns, and he was in- 
vited to take the pastoral oversight of them. The 
number of members in the three churches was 
small. Dr. Shepard accepted the invitation, and 
was ordained at Stratham, N. H., Sept. 25, 1771. 
Blessed with a good physical constitution, and 
more than ordinary intellectual ability, he was 
able to accomplish a large amount of ministerial 
work, and was instrumental in advancing the in- 
terests of religion over a wide extent of country. 
In the double office of minister and physician, he 
came in contact with a large number of families, 
and, literally, looked after the cure of both soul 
and body. As illustrating the character of his 
work, and the success which followed his labors, 
we quote an extract found in Sprague's " Annals," 
from a letter written by Dr. Shepard to Rev. Isaac 
Backus in 1781 : 

" Some hundreds of souls are hopefully con- 
verted in the counties of Rockingham, Strafford, 
and Grafton, in New Hampshire, within a year 
past. In the last journey I made before my be- 
loved wife was taken from me, I baptized seventy- 
two men, women, and some that may properly be 
called children, who confessed with their mouths 
the salvation God had wrought in their hearts to 
good satisfaction. I baptized forty-three in the 
town of Meredith in one day, and such a solemn 
weeping of the multitude on the shore I never 
before saw. The ordinance of baptism appeared 
to carry universal conviction through them, even 
to a man." He then goes on to describe the great 
blessing which had followed the outpouring of the 
Spirit in different towns in New Hampshire, and 
the glorious results in the formation of seven Bap- 
tist churches within a period of about one year, and 
closes by saying, " There appears to be a general 
increase of the Baptist principles through all the 
eastern parts of New England." 

Dr. Shepard was a man of rare executive abil- 
ity, and adopted a plan with reference to churches 
gathered in a sparsely settled country worthy of 
imitation in sections similarly situated. His own 
home was where he commenced his professional life 
as a physician, — Brentwood. Of the Baptist church 
in this place he was the pastor, and had the over- 
sight of several other churches which were branches 



of the Brentwood church. In the best sense of the 
word he was a bishop without Episcopal consecra- 
tion. We are told that " in his active days he was 
accustomed to visit all these churches, making a 
circuit of about two hundred miles ; and they all 
looked up to him with grateful and reverential 
regard." 

Dr. Shepard was the author of several works, 
which had considerable circulation at the time of 
their publication. These were " A Scriptural In- 
quiry respecting the Ordinance of Water Bap- 
tism," " A Reply to Several Answers in Defense 
of this Inquiry," " A Scriptural Inquiry concern- 
ing what the Friends or Quakers call Spiritual 
Baptism, being an Answer to a Work published by 
Moses Brown, of Providence, R. I.," " The Princi- 
ple of Universal Salvation examined and tried by 
the Law and the Testimony," " An Examination 
of Elias Smith's two Pamphlets, respecting Original 
Sin, the Death Adam was to die the Day he eat 
of the Forbidden Fruit, and the Final Annihilation 
of the AVicked." 

In Sprague's "Annals" we find one or two inci- 
dents which are worth preserving, as illustrative 
of the character of the subject of this sketch : " He 
was a man of extraordinary presence, and could 
almost by a look exert great power over other 
minds. On one occasion he was called to visit a 
suffering woman, a member of his church, whose 
husband, wealthy but penurious, did not allow his 
family necessary comforts. After calling for dif- 
ferent things, and being told there were none in 
the house. Dr. Shepard rose upon his feet, indig- 
nantly stamped upon the floor, and said, " Mr. , 

do you go at once and tackle your horse, and pur- 
chase the articles, and a tea-kettle." The man 
started as if electrified with terror, and obeyed the 
command, to the great comfort of his sick wife. 

No man in the history of the Baptist denomina- 
tion in New Hampshire stands out more promi- 
nently to our view than Dr. Shepard. His death 
occurred at Brentwood, Nov. 4, 1815. 

Sheppard, Rev. Joseph, was born in Green- 
wich, N. J., Jan. 9, 1786. He was the son of a re- 
spectable farmer. At the age of eighteen he at- 
tended Dr. Staughton's school at Burlington. He 
united with the Burlington church May 1, 1804, 
was licensed to preach May 4, 1805, and, after 
studying a little longer with Dr. Staughton, he en- 
tered the University of Pennsylvania, where he 
graduated in 1808. He was ordained pastor at 
Salem, N. J., April 19, 1809, by AVm. Staughton, 
D.D., Wm. Rogers, D.D., and Rev. Henry Smalley. 
He labored hard and successfully there for nTore 
than twenty years, baptizing many. In 1829 he 
became pastor at Mount Holly ; he also supplied 
Marlton every third Sabbath, and taught a private 
school. Six years of this work wore upon his 



SHERMER 



1053 



SHERWOOD 



health, and he was obliged to give up the pastor- 
ate, but he supplied churches as his strength per- 
mitted, and engaged in evangelistic labor. On 
Dec. 9, 1838, he preached at Pemberton three 
times, and vralked several miles visiting the sick. 
On Tuesday he reached his home, and was taken 
with apoplexy, from which he died on Thursday. 
Preaching was his delight, and he was very fond 
of instructing youth. lie was faithful, kind, and 



Shermer, Rev. Henry B., was a native of 

Philadelphia, Pa., who graduated at Madison Uni- 
versity in 1850, and from Rochester Theological 
Seminary in 1852. He went as a missionary to the 
Bassa tribe in Africa in 1852, but fell a victim to 
the African fever, and was obliged to return to this 
country in 1854. Though in broken health, he 
served the church at Newton, N. J., for four years, 
and at Schooley's Moiintain, N. J., for five years. 
He died in triumph there on March 22, 1869. 

Sherwood, Adiel, D.D., a most distinguished 
minister and educator, a man of remarkable piety, 




ADIEI, SHERWOOD, D.D. 

zeal, humility, and learning, was born at Fort Ed- 
ward, N. Y., Oct. 3, 1791. He died at St. Louis, 
Mo., Aug. 18, 1879, when he had neai-ly completed 
his eighty-eighth year. His father was a member of 
the New York Legislature, a Revolutionary soldier, 
and a personal friend of Gen. Washington, whom 
he had the pleasure of entertaining twice after in- 
dependence was secured. 

Adiel Sherwood studied three years in Middle- 
bury College, and then, after an honorable dismissal, 



entered Union College, Schenectady, in 1816, and 
was graduated in 1817. The following fall he en- 
tered Andover Theological Seminary, remaining 
one year. He then went to Georgia for his health, 
where he resided for many years, taking his place 
side by side with Abram Marshall, Jesse Mercer, 
Henry Holcombe, William T. Brantly, Sr., Gov. 
Rabun, Charles J. Jenkins, Gov. Lumpkin, Thomas 
Stocks, B. M. Sanders, and a host of others who 
built up the Baptist denomination in that State 
and gave it tone and direction. Entering at once 
upon evangelistic labors, he became one of the 
foremost workers in the State. In 1820 he, through 
the clerk, offered a resolution which led to the for- 
mation of the Georgia Baptist Convention in 1822. 
In 1823 he attended the Triennial Convention, in 
Washington City, and introduced a resolution urg- 
ing all the States to form Conventions, which was 
accomplished in a few years. He was, also, one 
of the founders of the American and Foreign Bible 
Society. 

His pastorates in Georgia wore many, his first 
being that of Bethlehem, near Lexington. It was 
at the request of the Bethlehem church that he was 
ordained in March, 1820, at Bethesda, Greene Co., 
Mercer, Reeves, Roberts, and Matthews forming 
the Presbytery. Afterwards, during a period of 
many years, extending to 1865, most of which tiine 
was spent in Georgia, he was the pastor of many 
churches in the State, a mere list only of which can 
be given : Freeman's Creek, Clarke Co. : Greens- 
borough from May 1821 to 1832 or 1833, which 
church he and Jesse Mercer organized ; New Hope, 
Greene Co. ; Eaton ton from 1827 to 1837 ; Milledge- 
ville, 1827 to 1834; Macon, 1829 ; Monticello, 1829 ; 
Indian Creek, 1831-33; Penfield, 1839; Bethe.sda, 
Grifiin, Greenville, and others. 

In 1827 he took charge of the academy in Eaton- 
ton, Ga., becoming pastor of the Baptist church 
also ; and in that year a most memorable revival 
commenced at Eatonton, spread all over the State, 
and resulted in the conversion and baptism of many 
thousands, during the two years it lasted. The 
numbers may be surmised when it is stated, in his 
own records, that 16,000 persons were baptized in 
three Associations only. His labors may be com- 
puted when it is stated that, besides all his other 
official and ministerial labors, he preached, during 
1828, 333 sermons, in as many as forty counties. At 
the session of the Georgia Baptist Convention, in 
1831, he offered the resolution in favor of a theo- 
logical institution, that resulted in the establish- 
ment of Mercer Institute, which, finally, merged 
into Mercer University. He himself had a small 
theological school at Eatonton in 1831, and in 1832 
opened a manual labor school, but discontinued it 
in January, 1833, when Mercer Institute was es- 
tablished at Penfield. 



SHIRLEY 



1054 



SHORTER 



Elected a professor in Columbian College, Wash- 
ington, D. C, he spent 1837 and 1838 in Washing- 
ton, but returned to Georgia to accept the profes- 
sorship of Sacred Literature in Mercer University, 
in which institution he spent 1839, 1840, and 1841. 
He was then elected president of Shurtleif College, 
Alton, 111., where he remained for years. During 
1846 and 1847 he served as secretary of the Ameri- 
can Baptist Indian Missionary Society, and during 
1848 and 1849 he was president of the Masonic 
College, Lexington, Mo. He then accepted the 
charge of the Baptist church at Cape Girardeau, 
Mo., where he remained until 1857, when, on ac- 
count of rheumatism, he returned to Georgia, and 
became the president of Marshall College, Grif- 
fin. This position he filled, while serving various 
churches, until the war commenced. After the 
war, in 1865, he returned to Missouri, where he 
resided until his death, on Aug. 18, 1879, preaching 
constantly. 

To Dr. Sherwood much of the credit is due for 
the high position in point both of numbers and in- 
telligence attained by the Georgia Baptists. He 
was learned and eloquent, an earnest and incessant 
worker, wise and prudent, and an able financier. 
He did much to elevate the standard of education 
in Georgia ; he strenuously promoted unity of 
action in the denomination ; his missionary zeal 
was second to that of none ; and when the anti- 
missionary and antinomian spirit aroused such 
bitter dissension in the State, from 1827 to 1837, 
ending in division, he stood side by side with those 
who rolled back the tide and made Georgia what 
she has been nearly ever since, — the banner mis- 
sion State of the South. 

All his life Dr. Sherwood was an indefatigable 
writer, and his articles and sermons have appeared 
in nearly every Baptist paper in the country. His 
" Gazetteer of Georgia" is a valuable book, and so is 
his " Christian and Jewish Churches," but his most 
important work is his " Notes on the New Testa- 
ment," written almost entirely while confined to his 
bed by rheumatism. In his preaching he was sys- 
tematic and concise, and in his young days very 
vehement and impressive. His character was alto- 
gether above reproach, and his spirit much resem- 
bled that of the Master he served. In appearance 
he was tall and commanding, with noble and digni- 
fied features. 

Shirley, Rev. Philemon Perry, was born Dec. 

16, 1827, in Hancock Co., Ind. He was converted 
and baptized in 1840. In 1841 his parents removed 
to Iowa. His mother died in 1848. Thirsting for 
knowledge, he left home at the age of twenty-one, 
without money or helper, and studied, taught, and 
preached for four years among the destitute. With 
a fair knowledge of natural sciences he entered 
Madison University, N. Y., and in 1854 became 



pastor at Grafton, where he was ordained. A year 
later he returned to Iowa, and labored in that State 
and in Illinois, preaching for many of the impor- 
tant churches, partly as a pastor, and much of the 
time as an evangelist, helping other pastors. He 
has baptized about 1000 converts, and seen many 
others baptized by their pastors, with whom he has 
labored. In 1879 he removed with his family to 
California, and became pastor of the church at 
Petaluma ; but poor health prevents his continuous 
work in the pulpit. He is sympathetic, genial, and 
eloquent whenever he is able to plead with men, 
in the pulpit, for the gospel of Christ. 

Shorter, Alfred, the son of Jacob Shorter and 
Adelpha Bankston, was born in AVilkes Co., Ga.,^ 
on the 23d of November, 1803. During his infancy 
he lost his mother, and before he reached the age- 
of manhood he was made an orphan by the death 
of his father. At sixteen he found employment as- 
a clerk in Monticello, Jasper Co., and developed 
such extraordinary business qualifications that, be- 
sides gaining the respect and confidence of the- 
community, he became, at the age of thirty, one 
of the substantial men of the town, noted for his 
honor and strict integrity. About that time he was 
fortunate enough to secure the afiections of one- 
of the most beautiful and charming ladies of the- 
State, Mrs. Martha Baldwin, who became his wife. 
In 1837 he removed to Rome, Ga., where he has 
resided to the present time, amassing a fortune 
sufficient to class him among the most wealthy men 
of his State. For the past fifty years he has been 
a Baptist, ever most liberal in his contributions tO' 
charitable institutions and benevolent objects. In 
1877 he founded the Shorter College, of Rome^ 
Ga., and presented it as " a gift to our daughters," 
— a deed accompanied by a degree of enlightened 
liberality which places him among the great bene- 
factors of the day. Mr. Shorter is a gentleman of 
modesty, acknowledged piety, and great generosity. 
Since the death of his wife, which occurred in 
1877, he has lived quietly and alone at his retired 
but elegant mansion near the city of Rome, Ga. 

Shorter College.— This Baptist institution of 
learning for young ladies, at Rome, Ga., was organ- 
ized as the Cherokee Baptist Female College, in 
October, 1873. In 1877 the property was trans- 
ferred to Alfred Shorter, whose name the college 
now bears. He paid its debts, demolished the old 
buildings, and erected others larger and far more 
elegant. After their completion he selected a board 
of trustees, to whom he committed the property in 
trust for the daughters of the land. The buildings 
stand upon an eminence, and command views of 
charming landscapes in all directions. The grounds 
have been laid out in beautiful walks and carriage- 
drives, and have been artistically terraced. The 
entire premises are inclosed by a beautiful iron 



SHORTER 



1055 



SHORTER 



railing. The buildings themselves are magnificent 
structures of brick, of the latest and most approved 
style of architecture, and elaborately finished. The 
memorial chapel, with its windows of stained glass, 
and its walls and ceiling superbly adorned with 
fresco-paintings, has been pronounced the most 
elegantly finished room in the Southern States. 

Pennington Ilall, the principal boarding-house, 
a fire-proof brick edifice, four stories high, crowns 
the summit of the beautifully terraced hill. Its 
large apartments are all neatly finished and thor- 
oughly warmed and ventilated, and are supplied 
with everything necessary for the convenience and 
comfort of the inmates. The buildings are all sup- 
plied with gas-pipes and steam-pipes, which are 
used for lighting and heating the various apart- 
ments. The institution is furnished with an ex- 
cellent chemical and philosophical apparatus, and 
with a cabinet of minerals and fossils. 

Though young in years, Shorter College is already 
known throughout the land as one of the best pub- 
lic institutions of learning in the country, and is 
classed with the first colleges for females in Amer- 
ica. It is a noble monument of the munificent 
liberality and enlightened zeal in the cause of ed- 
ucation of him whose name it bears, and whose 
donations, to the extent of more than a hundred 
thousand dollars, have made him one of the great- 
est benefactors of Georgia. 

Shorter, Col. Eli, was a leading lawyer, a man 
of the first order of culture, a member of the United 
States Congress before the war, colonel of a Con- 
federate regiment during the war, and prominently 
connected with Alabama politics since. Col. Shorter 
was an orator of a high order, and every way a bril- 
liant man. He was a brother of the late Gov. 
Shorter, of Alabama, and otherwise honorably con- 
nected in family relations. He was a member of 
the Eufaula church, and an officer of the Alabama 
Baptist Convention. He died in 1878. 

Shorter, Gov. John Gill, was born in Jasper 
Co., Ga., in 1818, and graduated at the university 
of that State in 1837. His father having pre- 
viously removed to Eufaula, Ala., the son followed, 
and began the practice of the law. In 1842 he was 
appointed State's attorney for a circuit composed 
of nine counties. In 1845 he was elected to the 
senate, and in 1851 to the house. In 1852 he was 
appointed by the governor circuit judge. The ap- 
pointment was ratified by the people, and Judge 
Shorter continued on the bench nine years. He 
was an able and upright judge, administering the 
law fearlessly and impartially, exerting a healthful 
influence on the bar, and creating by his charges to 
the grand juries and intercourse with the people, a 
sound public opinion. The law in Alabama then 
required alternation of circuits, and Judge Shorter 
became the most popular man in the State. 



When the troubles between the North and the 
South began, he was appointed commissioner from 
Alabama to Georgia, and in 18G1 was appointed by 
the Convention a deputy in the Provincial Confed- 




GOV. JOHN GILL SHORTER. 



He was then elected governor, and 
served with ability for two years. When he re- 
tired from public life he resumed the practice of 
the law, and continued in it until May 29, 1872, 
when he died, his last words being 

" ' To Canaan's fair and happy land, 
Where my possessions lie,' 

I want to be ofi"." 

Gov. Shorter was a deacon in the Baptist church 
at Eufaula, the moderator of his Association, a lib- 
eral contributor to all benevolent enterprises, and 
universally beloved as a man of God. 

The death-bed of this Christian lawyer, patriot, 
and statesman bore clear testimony to the truth 
and comforts of the religion of Jesus. It was il- 
lumined by celestial radiance. The atonement of 
Christ was the basal truth of his religious creed. 
Repeatedly, in his last days, he said, " I have no 
fear, nor doubt, nor anxiety, none whatever. The 
atonement of Christ, oh, it is a rock, a refuge!" 
With undimmed faith, he said, " There is a truth 
in religion ; it is all true ; and a power in the 
atonement of Christ. It is a reality, a glorious 
reality. As sure as the sun shines, so sure is my 
faith in the plan of redemption and in the atone- 
ment of the Lord Jesus Christ, which will stand 
firm as the everlasting hills." 



SHOUSE 



1056 



SHUEY 



Shoiise, Daniel Lewis, was bom in Shelby Co., 
Ky., April 5, 1827. He left his father's home at 
nineteen years of age, and taught a district school. 
He taughtalso in Shelby Co., Ky. He united with the 
Baptist church in Fisherville, Ky., and engaged in 
business. He became active in the Sabbath-school, 
the chief work of his life. In 1855 he removed to 
Missouri, and became a resident of Kansas City, 
where he lived until his death. At first he was a 
merchant, then cashier of the Mechanics' Bank for 
several years, till he organized the Kansas City 
National Bank, of which he was cashier till he 
died. He was a power in advancing the growth 
of the city, its banks, schools, and churches. His 
church, the Baptist, owes much to his toils, prayers, 
and gifts. The Baptist college at Liberty, the Gen- 
eral Association, and the Sabbath-School State Con- 
vention, of which he was so long the elBoient secre- 
tary, all were aided in no ordinary degree by him. 
For years he was the efficient and loved superin- 
tendent of the Sabbath-school in Kansas City. 
By the advice of his physician he gave up its care. 
In peace and war he was with it, and it was the 
largest and best in the city. In his last days he 
was patient, waiting for the Master's call. He was 
cheerful and hopeful in the darkest hour. Rarely 
has a death produced such a feeling in the commu- 
nity as Mr. Shouse's. The influence is still felt. 
Rarely is a man so sincerely and universally hon- 
ored and loved by man, woman, and child. Truly 
" a good name is rather to be chosen than great 
riches." 

Shreveport University, Shreveport, La.— In 
1870 an association of gentlemen at Shreveport 
purchased the Helm School property, with seventy 
acres of land attached, in the suburbs of the city, 
intending to develop the value of the property, 
and devote the proceeds to the establishment of a 
university. A company was organized to extend 
the street railroad to the property. An arrange- 
ment was made with the Southern Life Insurance 
Company by which policies were to be taken in 
favor of the university, and the insurance com- 
pany advanced money to put up buildings. A 
large brick edifice was erected, and nearly com- 
pleted. The school was opened in 1871, under 
Rev. M. S. Shirk. In 1872, Rev. W. E. Paxton 
was elected president. But in 1873 the city was 
ravaged by yellow fever, succeeded by a financial 
panic. The insurance company failed, the prop- 
erty depreciated, and a collapse was the result. 

Shuck, Rev. J. Lewis, was born at Alexandria, 
Va., Sept. 4, 1812. In early life he became a 
Christian. He was ordained in 1835, and at once 
went as a missionary to China, sent by the Tri- 
ennial Convention. In 1837 he baptized his first 
convert at Macao. In 1840 the agent from whom 
he received support failed. He removed to Hong- 



Kong and supported himself by editing a paper, 
but did not suspend his work as a missionary. In 
1843 the church he had organized numbered 
twenty-six. 

His wife died in 1843, and in 1845 he returned 
to the United States to make provision for his chil- 
dren. In 1846 he went back to Shanghai, China, 
under the patronage of the Southern Baptist Con- 
vention, taking his second wife with him. 

He returned to the United States in 1853, having 
lost his second wife. In 1854 he was sent by the 
Southern Baptist Convention as a missionary to 
the Chinese in California, taking his third wife 
with him. Here he spent seven years, discharging 
the double duties of missionary and pastor of Sac- 
ramento church. He organized the first, perhaps 
the only, Chinese church on the continent. 

Having spent twenty-five years in laboring 
among the Chinese, he returned to Barnwell Court- 
House, S. C, in 1861, where he spent the remainder 
of his life, preaching to the surrounding churches. 
In 1863 he rested from his labors, in the fifty-first 
year of his age. His son, Rev. L. 11. Shuck, D.D., 
pastor of the First Baptist church in Charleston, 
received the mantle of the ascending father. 

Shuck, L, H., D.D., was born at Singapore, on 
the Malay Peninsula, while his parents were on 
their way to China as missionaries, in 1836. After 
the death of his mother, in 1844, he was sent back 
to his grandfather, Rev. Addison Hall, in Virginia, 
where he was prepared for college. He graduated 
at Wake Forest College, N. C, from which he re- 
ceived the degrees of A.B., A.M., and D.D. 

After his graduation he spent a year as professor 
in the Oxford Female College, N. C, and then be- 
came principal of the Beulah Male Institute, in the 
same State. 

On the death of his father. Rev. J. L. Shuck, the 
son took his place as pastorof several churches in 
Barnwell Co., S. C. He was next chosen pastor 
of the Baptist church at Barnwell Court-IIouse, 
and from it he removed to Charleston, and took 
the pastoral care of the old First church, in 1869, 
which position he now holds. 

Shuey, Gen. Martin, was born in Lebanon Co., 
Pa., Sept. 28, 1785, of Lutheran parents; entered 
the military service, passed through various official 
grades, until he was promoted to the rank of brig- 
adier-general for his eminent services. In 1825 he 
entered into business and settled in Indiana, and 
subsequently in Illinois, and upon his conversion, 
in 1826, examined the subject of baptism ; became 
an active Baptist and liberal supporter of all 
benevolent and church enterprises. In 1859 he 
crossed the plains, and settled at Brooklyn, Cal. ; 
aided in organizing the church there, in 1860 ; was 
its first deacon, and held that office until he was 
over ninety years old. He died Feb. 12, 1876. 



SHURTLEFF 



1057 



SHUTE 



Shurtleff, Benjamin, M.D.,was bom in Boston 
in 1775. He graduated in 1796, and commenced 
at once the study of medicine. Having received 
the degree of M.D., he was appointed to a situation 
in the medical department of the naval service of 
the United States. He returned to Boston after a 
brief period of service, and gave himself with un- 
tiring energy and success to the practice of his pro- 
fession for fifty years. He possessed those traits 
of character which made him from the outset a 
popular and acceptable physician. 

In 1835. Dr. Shurtleff made a donation to Alton 
College, 111., of $10,000. As a token of their appre- 
ciation of the value of the gift the trustees named 
the institution Shurtleff College. His death oc- 
curred in Boston, April 12, 1847. 

Shurtleff College. — The first suggestion of 
Upper Alton, 111., twenty-five miles north of St. 
Eouis, as a suitable place for a Baptist college 
seems to have been made by Dr. Jonathan Going, 
who visited it in 1831. Special attention had only 
in the previous year been directed to Alton itself 
as a possible commercial centre, and the two towns, 
two and a half miles apart, were then in their in- 
fancy. The suggestion of Dr. Going, however, was 
received with approbation, and on June 4, 1832, 
the seminary at Rock Spring having been removed 
to the new point, seven gentlemen " formed a com- 
pact to establish a college to be under the super- 
vision of Baptists, and engaged in a written obliga- 
tion to advance each $100, which was subsequently 
increased to $125, and to become jointly obligated 
in the loan of S800 more." We quote the words of 
Dr. John M. Peck. These seven, with James Lemen 
and J. M. Peck, added in 1833, were the original 
trustees of the Alton Seminary. With a part of the 
sum named above a tract of 122 acres was purchased 
adjoining the town of Upper Alton ; with the re- 
mainder and added donations from citizens a build- 
ing was erected. The school opened with twenty-five 
students, with Rev. Hubbell Loomis as principal, 
and Rev. Lewis Colby as professor in the theological 
department. The college charter was granted by 
act of the State Legislature in 1835. In its original 
form this charter forbade the establishment of a 
theological department, but a modification of it, by 
act of the Legislature in 1841, removed that restric- 
tion. The institution, at first called Alton College, 
received the name it now bears through Dr. Benja- 
min Shurtleff, of Boston, who, in 1835, made to the 
college the donation, very liberal at that time, of 
$10,000. 

Instruction in theology has always been an im- 
portant feature of the college work, and a few years 
since, chiefly through the liberality of Mr. Elijah 
Gove, a theological department was formally or- 
ganized, with Dr. R. E. Pattison and Prof. E. C. 
Mitchell as instructors. The president of the col- 



lege now gives instruction in Systematic Theology. 
Justus Bulkley, D.D., is Professor of Church His- 
tory and Church Polity, and Rev. J. C. C. Clarke, 
Acting Professor of Biblical Literature and Inter- 
pretation. The successive presidents of the college 
have been Prof AVashington Leverett (acting presi- 
dent), 1836-40; Rev. Adiel Sherwood, D.D., 1840 
-46 ; Prof. Washington Leverett (acting president), 
1847-49; Rev. N. N. Wood, D.D., 1850-55; Rev. 
Daniel Read, LL.D., 1855-69 : at which last date 
the present president, Dr. A. A. Kendrick, came 
into the office. Upon the faculty, besides those 
already named, are Orlando L. Castle, LL.D., 
Shurtleff Professor of Oratory, Rhetoric, and 
Belles-Lettres ; Charles Fairman, LL.D., Hunter 
Lecturer on Chemistry, Geology, and Mineralogy ; 
J. C. C. Clarke, Gove Professor of the Latin and 
Greek Languages and Literature ; Charles Fair- 
man, LL.D., Professor of Mathematics and Natural 
Philosophy ; John D. Hodge, A.M., M.D., instructor 
in Botany, Zoology, and Physiology ; Charles B. 
Dodge, A.M., principal of the preparatory depart- 
ment. 

In the year 1876 a centennial fund of $100,000 
was raised for the college by Dr. G. J. Johnson, 
which has greatly relieved the college by placing 
its finances upon a sounder basis. In all respects 
Shurtleff College is a prosperous institution, hold- 
ing a high rank among the colleges of the West. 
Its past record is one for which any institution may 
cherish abounding gratitude to the God of good- 
ness. 

Shute, Samuel M., D.D., was born in Philadel- 
phia, Pa., Jan. 24, 1823 ; prepared for college in 
the academy of Dr. Wm. Curran ; entered the 
Sophomore class of the University of Pennsylvania 
in 1841 : graduated, with the degree of A.B.. in 
1844, and received the degree of A.M., in course, 
in 1847; was baptized, in the fall of 1845, by the 
Rev. Dr. Shadrach, and united with the Fifth Bap- 
tist church, Philadelphia ; licensed by the same 
church to preach, July 26, 1847. Prosecuted his 
theological studies in the seminary of the Re- 
formed Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, at that 
time under the supervision of the Rev. S. B. Wylie, 
D.D., vice-provost of the University of Pennsylva- 
nia, Dr. Crawford, Dr. Theo. T. Wylie, and others. 
While engaged in his theological studies he was 
chosen instructor of English literature in the 
Sigoigne (French) Academy for young ladies, in 
Philadelphia, which position he held for several 
years, until his ordination. During one year of 
this period he also served as assistant editor of tlie 
Christian Chronicle, a Baptist religious journal, 
published in Philadelphia, under the auspices of 
the American Baptist Publication Society, and con- 
ducted by the Rev. Heman Lincoln, D.D., and the 
Rev. W. B. Jacobs. In the fall of 1852 he received 



SHUTE 



SICKLEMORE 



a call to the pastorate of the Baptist church in Pem- 
berton, Burlington Co., N. J., which he accepted, 
entering on his labors there Jan. 1, 1853, and re- 
ceiving ordination on the 17th of the following 




SAMUEL M. SHUTE, D.D. 

February. He remained in Pemberton three years, 
and at the termination of that period, in conse- 
quence of the ill health of his wife, he prepared to 
remove to Alexandria, Va., having been invited to 
the pastorate of the First Baptist church in that 
city, on the resignation of Rev. H. H. Tucker, 
D.D. He remained here three years, during which 
time a beautiful church edifice was built, and about 
100 baptized and added to the church. In the fall 
of 1859 he was elected to the chair of the English 
Language and Literature in the Columbian Col- 
lege, which position he accepted, and still holds, 
having given the institution up to this time a con- 
tinuous service of twenty-two years. During his 
connection with the college he has spent most of 
his Sabbaths in preaching, although having charge 
of no churches, except for short periods, and while 
they were endeavoring to secure regular pastors. 
In addition to his one year of editorial labors in 
Philadelphia, Prof. Shute has written quite a good 
deal, having contributed frequently to monthly and 
weekly periodicals, to The Nation, of New York, 
and occasional articles to the Southern Review and 
to the Baptist Quarterly. In 1865 he published an 
" Anglo-Saxon Manual," the second text-book of 
the kind issued in this country, and the first to 
reject the primary English methods of grammati- 
cal exposition of the language, and to base it on 



the more scientific plan of Heyne and other Ger- 
man scholars. This book has passed to a third 
edition, and has been extensively used in the high 
schools and colleges of this country. Prof. Shute, at 
the request of Rev. Dr. Cathcart, the editor of the 
"Baptist Encyclopaedia," has prepared the bio- 
graphical sketches contained in this woi'k of the 
ministers and laymen of Maryland, Virginia, and 
the District of Columbia. 

His first wife, who lived only three years after 
their marriage, having died before the close of his 
pastoral labors in Pemberton, was Miss Phebe H. 
Taylor, of Taylorsville, Bucks Co., Pa. ; his present 
wife was Miss Jane C. Kerfoot, daughter of Daniel 
S. Kerfoot, of Fauquier Co., Va. 

The degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by 
Mercer University, Ga. 

Dr. Shute is a man of a quick and penetrating 
intellect, and of a sound judgment, and to these 
gifts of nature years of diligent study have added 
a wide and varied culture. He has been not only 
a successful professor of the Greek, Latin, Anglo- 
Saxon, and German languages, but also a careful 
student in other departments of knowledge, and 
especially in English literature and in theology. 

As a professor, in the branches above referred to, 
as well as in rhetoric and in kindred studies, lie 
has been able, faithful, successful, and popular. 

As a writer, he is forcible and chaste. 

As a preacher of the gospel, he is instructive, and 
there is a frequent demand for his pulpit services 
in Washington and in the neighboring cities. 

Sibley, Rev. W. L., a pioneer preacher in Lou- 
isiana, was born in Georgia in 1795 ; settled in 
Washington Parish, La., in 1825. In 1847 he re- 
moved to Sabine Parish, and became a co-laborer 
with Father Bray. He was instrumental in build- 
ing up many churches both in Eastern and West- 
ern Louisiana. He died Oct. 21, 1861. 

Sicklemore, Rev. James, was a clergyman of 

the Episcopal Church of England, and became a 
Baptist about 1640. 

His change of views about baptism occurred sin- 
gularly, and yet vei-y naturally. He was rector of 
Singleton, Sussex, and in catechising the young 
people of his parish he took occasion to speak of 
the promises made by godfathers and godmothers 
on behalf of children at their baptism. One of 
those who were present inquired if the Holy Scrip- 
tures gave authority for anything he said. For 
the moment he defended himself by the general 
practice of the Christian Church, but, after exam- 
ining the Word of God and other ancient Christian 
documents, he saw that infant baptism was a mere 
human tradition, without the authority of inspira- 
tion or of the apostolic age. He disapproved of 
tithes, and gave away most of his income to the 
needy. He was " famous for his piety and learn- 



SBLVONS 



1059 



SINGING 



ing," and under God he was the founder of the 
Baptist churches of Portsmouth and Chichester. 

Simmons, James B., D.D., was born in the 
township of Northeast, N. Y., April 17, 1827. He 
made a profession of faith in Christ at the age of 
sixteen years, was graduated from Brown Uni- 
versity in 1851, and in Newton Theological Semi- 
nary in 1854. He was pastor of First Baptist 
church of Providence, R. I., three years ; of the 
First Baptist church of Indianapolis, Ind., four 
years ; and of the Fifth (old Sansom Street) church 
of Philadelphia, Pa., five and a half years. In 
Indianapolis he established a mission, which has 
grown into the South church. In Philadelphia he 
set in motion the celebrated adult " Bible schools" 
now so common in the churches. In 1867 he was 
elected corresponding secretary of the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society, in which capacity 
he served for seven years. He had special charge 
of the freedmen's department, establishing seven 
schools for their education. He received the degree 
of D.D. in 1870. In 1877 he accepted the pastor- 
ate of Trinity Baptist church. New York, which he 
still retains. His special labor for the salvation 
of Chinamen has resulted in the conversion of a 
few of them, and about twenty are members of 
his Bible schools. He is the author of several tracts 
published by the American Baptist Publication 
Society. 

Simmons, Lockey, was bom in Montgomery 
Co., N. C, April 14,1796; baptized by Noah Rich- 
ardson at the age of twenty-three ; was county 
surveyor for many years ; accumulated a good 
estate, and was a great friend of education. He 
aided several young ministers in their studies. He 
died at Wake Forest College, at the house of his 
son. Prof. W. G. Simmons, Jan. 23, 1880. 

Simmons, Prof. W. G., was born in Montgomery 
Co., N. C, March 4, 1830; graduated with high 
honor at Wake Forest in 1852 ; read law at Chapel 
Hill with Judge Battle and Hon. S. F. Philipps ; 
came to Wake Forest College in 1855 as Professor 
of Mathematics ; is now Professor of Natural Sci- 
ence in the same institution and a man of un- 
doubted learning. 

Simonson, Rev. George A., is of Baptist an- 
cestry. His grandfather. Rev. George Allen, was 
pastor at Burlington, N. J., and his father, Rev. P. 
Simonson, at Providence, R. I. He was born at 
Providence. His father dying early, George's boy- 
hood was spent in Burlington, N. J. Baptized at 
twelve years of age, George, by the loss of his 
mother, was an orphan at thirteen, passing his 
three following years in a boarding-school. The 
remaining years of his youth he was in the West, 
learning practical surveying and civil engineering, 
though he afterwards returned and graduated at 
the Polytechnic College of the State of Pennsyl- 



vania. He then resumed the practice of his pro- 
fession as division engineer on the Pittsburgh, Fort 
AVayne and Chicago Railroad. In 1856 he taught 
the high school at Indianapolis. Here, feeling 
called to the ministry, he gave up teaching to take 
the full theological course at Rochester, graduating 
in the class of 1864. The seven following years 
were given to incessant labors in the Western min- 
istry, most of them in the State of Illinois. Leav- 
ing his last settlement there of nearly four years 
in Pontiac, 111., he became pastor of the Windsor 
Avenue church of Hartford, Conn., in 1871. He 
entered upon the pastorate of the Fifth church, 
Newark, N. J., in the spring of 1874, since which 
time the meeting-house has been enlarged and beau- 
tified at considerable expense, and many members 
have been added to the church. 

Singing in Public Worship. — In the end of 
the seventeenth century singing was introduced 
among the English Baptists. Probably persecution 
had much to do with its general omission in their 
religious assemblies. Nothing more useful to the 
informer could have been contrived than songs of 
praise from a large congregation. In Benjamin 
Reach's church, for some years before the happy 
revolution which placed William III. upon the 
throne and gave the Dissenters restricted religious 
liberty, singing was practised at the close of the 
Lord's Supper, even when it was used as a guide 
to the informer. It is thought that church music 
was first employed in divine service among the 
Baptists in Mr. Reach's meetings. He introduced 
it among his people gradually. At first, after the 
celebi-ation of the Supper ; and they had no singing 
but this for six years, then on public thanksgiving 
days, and this continued for fourteen years, and 
then the church solemnly agreed to sing the praises 
of God every Lord's day. But some of his people 
withdrew and founded the Maze Pond church on 
the principles of the mother-church, but they for- 
mally prohibited singing in their worship. 

In 1691, Mr. Reach wrote a work called "The 
Breach Repaired ; or, Singing of Psalms and 
Hymns and Spiritual Songs proved to be a Holy 
Ordinance of Jesus Christ."' It seems strange that 
such a book was necessary, and more remarkable 
that it met with bitter opposition for a season. 

When the Second church in Newport, R. I., was 
formed, in 1656, among the reasons given by the 
twenty-one persons who founded it for leaving the 
First church was that they disapproved of psalmody 
which the parent community used. Dr. Guild, 
speaking of the First church in Providence, R. I.. 
when Dr. Manning settled in that city, and of Mr. 
Winsor, who preceded Dr. Manning as pnstor, 
says, " The true cause of opposition to Dr. Man- 
ning was his ' holding to singing in public wor- 
ship, which was highly disgustful to Mr. Winsor.' 



SIOUX 



SKINNER 



On this point the sentiments of the Quakers appear 
to have prevailed in the church, and singing was 
discarded as unauthorized by the New Testament." 
Mr. Winsor and his friends seceded from the church 
because of the supposed departure of Dr. Manning 
and the church from the six principles laid down 
in Hebrews vi. 1, 2: " Not laying again the foun- 
dation of repentance from dead works, and of faith 
toward God, of the doctrine of baptisms, and of 
laying on of hands, and of resurrection of the 
dead, and of eternal judgment." 

Sioux City, Iowa, with a population of 7246, 
is on the east side of the Missouri River, about 1000 
miles above St. Louis. It is the county-town of 
Woodbury County, and the largest city of North- 
western Iowa. The Sioux City Baptist church was 
organized in 1860, but remained a feeble interest 
for several years. In 1871, when Rev. James Sun- 
derland became pastor, there were only 14 mem- 
bers, but in 1876 the number had increased to 90. 
They have recently enlarged and improved their 
meeting-house, and now have 144 members. 

Sisty, Rev. John, was born March 26, 1783 ; 
baptized July 4, 1802, by Rev. Thomas Ustick, of 
Philadelphia, Pa. ; and in August, 1817, he began 
to hold meetings at Haddonfield, N. J., which re- 
sulted in the organization of the church there in 
1818. He continued as pastor there for twenty- 
one years, and was greatly prospered and beloved. 
He was instrumental in forming the Baptist church 
at Moorestown. He died Oct. 2, 1863. 

Six-Principle Baptists.— These churches of the 
great Baptist fainily hold, as their distinguishing 
doctrines, the six principles mentioned in Heb. vi. 
1, 2. They claim a history running far back into 
the past, as may be learned from Rev. Richard 
Knight's " History of the General or Six-Principle 
Baptists in Europe and America," published in 
1827. In this country, at first, they did not differ 
from the Particular or Regular Baptists, save in 
tlve matter of the laying on of hands ; but later 
they swerved to Arminianism, yet remained strict 
communionists. They were once comparatively 
strong in Rhode Island, being among the first to 
establish themselves in the soul-free colony ; and 
for a time they claimed the First Baptist church in 
Providence, the Second Baptist church in Newport, 
and the first churches in many of the towns. 
They once had the lead in thirteen of the present 
thirty-six towns of the State. Near the year 1700 
they formed a Yearly Meeting ; indeed, they now 
date their annual meeting from 1670. This Yearly 
Meeting embraces their churches in New England. 
In 1729 it counted twelve churches and eighteen 
ordained elders. 

As a people they flourished until about the period 
of the Revolution, when failing to manifest a proper 
degree of enterprise, and neglecting education, liter- 



ature, and an aggressive spirit, they began, prior to 
1800, to decline in popularity and numbers, and 
have rapidly decreased within the last sixty years. 
A number of their once strong churches have be- 
come Regular Baptists. A few from sheer feeble- 
ness have fallen into the arms of the Free-Will 
Baptists. They are now, as they have always been 
in this country, without an academy or college, or 
periodical organ or distinctive literature, or mis- 
sionary society for home or foreign work. They 
seem to have waned on account of their inactivity ; 
yet they have ever been a pure, sincere people. 

At present, in New England, they count less than 
a dozen small, expiring churches, and a roll of 
hai-dly more than a thousand active members. 
They, however, maintain a Yearly Meeting. A 
small — very small — Association of this order is 
reported in Pennsylvania and New York, where 
their existence is like a flickering lamp. In New 
England we can find at present (1880) but two 
churches outside of Rhode Island, — one in Connec- 
ticut and one in Massachusetts. 

Skinner, Deacon Charles W., was born, in 

1780, in Perquimans Co., N. C. The death of his 
first wife led to his conversion, and he is said to 
have been comforted in reading the fortieth chapter 
of Isaiah. He joined the Presbyterian church at 
Princeton, N. J., where his brother Thomas was 
studying theology, but afterwards connected him- 
self with Bethel Baptist church in Perquimans 
County, and was baptized by Rev. Robert F. 
Daniel. He was one of the founders of the Bap- 
tist State Convention, and used to ride hundreds 
of miles in his sulky to attend its sessions. He 
was one of the first and best friends of Wake 
Forest College, pledging his personal property for 
its debts, and giving it at one time as much as 
$5000. 

Mr. Skinner was remarkable for his benevolence, 
and probably gave to the cause of Christ more 
money than any Baptist who ever lived in North 
Carolina. He gave $2000 towards building the 
church at Bethel ; he gave $7000 towards the beauti- 
ful church in Hertford, which cost $16,100; he gave 
$2000 to erect the house of the First Baptist church 
of Raleigh, and he probably gave, all told, $10,000 
to Wake Forest College. It has been said that he 
gave not less than $50,000 to the various objects 
of benevolence in North Carolina. His brother, 
Thomas H. Skinner, D.D., was so eminent a Presby- 
terian minister that, when he died a few years since 
in New York City, hundreds of ministers attended 
his funeral. Dr. Thomas E. Skinner, pastor of the 
First Baptist church of Raleigh, is his son. Deacon 
Skinner died April 15, 1877. 

Skinner, Thomas E,, D.D., youngest son of 
Charles W. and Mary C. Skinner, was born in Per- 
quimans Co., N. C, April 29, 1825; graduated at 



SLACK 



1061 



SLATER 



the University of North Carolina in 1847 ; began 
life as a planter ; was baptized at Bethel church, 
by Rev. Q. 11. Trotman, Jan. 19, 1851 ; graduated 
at the Union Tlieological Seminary, N. Y., May 8, 
18-54, his uncle. Dr. T. H. Skinner, being a profes- 
sor in that institution ; settled as pastor in Peters- 
burg, Va., in November, 1854; became pastor of 
First Baptist church, Raleigh, in November, 1855; 
settled as pastor of First Baptist church, Nashville, 
Tenn., November, 1867 ; removed to Columbus, Ga., 
in November,- 1870; to Athens, Ga., in August, 
1871 ; to Macon, Ga., in December, 1875, being 
pastor in each of these places; and in September, 
1879, became pastor the second time of the First 
church in Raleigh, being both the predecessor and 
successor of Dr. Thomas H. Pritchard, D.D. Be- 
sides being the pastor of the largest and most in- 
fluential church in the State, Di'. Skinner is the 
president of the board of trustees of Wake Forest 
College. He was made a D.D. by Furman Uni- 
versity, S. C. 

Slack, Mrs. Mary, was born in New Castle 
Co., Del., Nov. 18, 1809. Died in Philadelphia. 
Pa., Sept. 12, 1878. 

She commenced business in a limited way, in 
Wilmington, Del., in 1840, and was so successful 
as to retire in 1873 with a small fortune. 

She was baptized March 13, 1842, upon profes- 
sion of her faith in Christ, by Rev. Sanford Leach, 
then pastor of the Second Baptist church, with 
which church she united. Withdrew, in 1865, with 
others, from the Second church to form the Del- 
aware Avenue church, Wilmingtou, Del. 

Rev. Geo. W. Folwell, first pastor of the Dela- 
ware Avenue church, and her pastor for some 
years, says of her : " I believe Sister Slack gave 
about §10,000 to the Delaware Avenue Baptist 
church. During most of my pastorate she rented 
two of the most expensive pews in the church, for 
which she paid $80 per year. This she did not only 
to increase the revenue of the church, but also to 
have the privilege and pleasure of inviting friends 
and visitors to sit with her. She was very seldom 
absent from any of the services of the church. 
She was unostentatious and unobtrusive, simple 
and sincere in her professions and practices, and 
evidently constrained by the love of Christ. On 
more than one occasion, when ofiering to add one 
or more thousand dollars to her contributions to 
the building fund, and I questioned whether or not 
it was her duty to do so, she said, ' I was awake 
nearly all night praying about it, and I believe my 
heavenly Father wants me to give it.' When she 
thought I was trying to check her liberality, she 
said, ' Do you want to rob me of the pleasure of 
doing good?' " 

The last large contribution she gave, one of 
$2000, she procured by giving a mortgage on her 



home for the greater part of it, and paid the interest 
herself. 

In addition to her larger donations, she gave 
liberally to every benevolent object presented in 
the church, besides giving to our denominational, 
societies, sometimes, one-fourth of the church's an- 
nual contribution. She was decidedly the largest 
contributor to the funds of the Delaware Avenue 
Baptist church. 

The number and extent of her private benefac- 
tions no man knows. The writer frequently heard 
of them as he visited among the sick and poor. Her 
pastor and his family, and even their friends who 
visited them, were many, many times refreshed by 
her gifts. 

Slack, Rev. W. L., M.D., a distinguished 
preacher and teacher at Pontotoc, Miss., was born 
in Cincinnati, 0., in 1819. His father was an emi- 
nent Presbyterian minister, and president of Cin- 
cinnati College, under whose careful training Dr. 
Slack became a fine classical scholar, and in 1846 
received the degree of A.M. from Miami Univer- 
sity. Having studied medicine, circumstances di- 
verted him from his original plan, and he engaged 
in teaching in Tennessee. While giving instruc- 
tion in Greek he was led to change his views on 
baptism. The reasons for this change he has given 
in a little work entitled " Slack's Reasons for be- 
coming a Baptist," which has been widely circu- 
lated. He united with the Baptists, and was or- 
dained in 1852, at Denmark, Tenn., where he was 
teaching. Subsequently he became president of 
Mary Washington College, Pontotoc, Miss. The 
buildings having been destroyed by fire during 
the war, he founded the Baptist Female College at 
the same place, with which he remained until fail- 
ing health compelled him to desist. He has also 
supplied the Pontotoc church twenty-five years. 

Slade, Rev. T. B., for many years principal of 
a high school for young ladies in Columbus, and a 
distinguished and successful educator, was born in 
North Carolina. He graduated at Chapel Hill, 
taking the first honor. He came to Georgia, and 
opened a school at Clinton, Jones Co. ; helped to 
organize the Wesleyan Female College at Macon ; 
took charge of a female seminary at Penfield, and 
then removed to Columbus, about 1842, where he 
has resided ever since. Few men, if any, in the 
State have sent forth into society more well-edu- 
cated young ladies than Rev. Thomas B. Slade, of 
Columbus. At present he is an octogenarian. 

Slater, Rev. Franklin, S., was born in St. 
Lawrence Co.. N. Y., Feb. 11, 1823; graduated 
from Madison University in 1850; had brief settle- 
ments in Connecticut and New York, but most of 
his ministerial life has been spent in New -Jersey. 
During his six years' pastorate at Keyport a fine 
church edifice was built, and at Matawan, where 



SLATER 



1062 



SMALL 



his pastorate has extended to fifteen years, the 
church has grown, and the name of the good pas- 
tor is a household word in the community. 

Slater, Rev. Leonard, missionary to the Ot- 
tawa Indians, was born in Worcester, Mass., Nov. 
16, 1802; was converted at the age of sixteen, and 
studied for the ministry with Dr. Going. He was 
appointed missionary to the Indians by tiie board 
of the Triennial Convention in 1826. After reach- 
ing Detroit, in company with Mrs. Slater, he trav- 
eled on horseback 200 miles through the woods to 
Carey Station, near where Niles now is, and began 
his missionary work. The next year he was trans- 
ferred to Thomas Station (now Grand Rapids), 
•where he remained nine years, teaching and preach- 
ing. He learned their language so as to use it as 
readily as English. The progress of white settle- 
ments made necessary a change of residence for 
the missionary, and in 1836 he removed to Barry 
County, near Prairieville, and continued his work 
among the Ottawas for the next sixteen years. 
The Indians became gi-eatly attached to him, and 
many of them were hopefully converted. In 1852 
he retired from active missionary labor, with a con- 
stitution greatly impaired, and resided in Kalama- 
zoo till his death, April 27, 1866. A firm friend 
of all our denominational enterprises, he contrib- 
uted largely of his earnings for their promotion. 

Slaughter, Gov. Gabriel, was born in Virginia 
in 1767. He was an early settler in Mercer Co., 
Ky., wliere he united with Shawnee Run Baptist 
church, and was prominent in his church, his As- 
sociation, and all the enterprises of his denomina- 
tion, as well as in the councils of state. He was 
elected to the Legislature in 1799, and re-elected 
in 1800. He served in the State senate from 1801 
to 1808, and was during the following four years 
lieutenant-governor. He held a colonel's commis- 
sion in the war of 1812-15. In 1816 he was again 
elected lieutenant-governor, and, on the death of 
€ol. Madison, the governor-elect, became governor 
of the State, in which capacity he acted four years. 
At the close of his gubernatorial term he retired to 
his farm in Mercer County, where he died in 1830. 

Slocum (Frances) Mission.— In the year 1780 

a little girl about six years old, Frances Slocum, 
■was stolen by the Indians from Wyoming, Pa. 
Her father and brothers followed as far north as 
Niagara Falls, but could find no clue to her where- 
abouts. Sixty years passed away. Washington 
Ewing, a member of Congress, and a trader among 
the Indians, stayed one night at the house of one 
of the Indians, near Peru, Ind. He saw there an 
elderly white woman. He inquired about her his- 
tory. She remembered that her first name was 
Frances, and that she was taken from a place 
called Wyoming. Within about one year it was 
established that she was the same Frances Slocum. 



She was wealthy, but said she never could again 
become accustomed to civilized life. She wished 
to adopt her brother's son. He and his wife came 
to the settlement, went through the form of adop- 
tion, and settled near their aunt. They were Bap- 
tists, and began Christian work on behalf of the 
Indians. Rev. T. C. Townsend assisted them in 
organizing, a Sunday-school. The two sons-in-law 
of Frances Slocum — -Capt. Bruillette and Peter 
Bundy — were the first to join the church that had 
been organized. A church house worth $1500 was 
built. The church grew. Bruillette and Bundy 
were licensed to preach. A general revival was 
enjoyed, and another Baptist church was formed. 
Christian Indians, of their own accord, went as 
missionaries to their people in Kansas. In 1858 
the Indiana Baptist State Convention resolved 
" that the mission heretofore sustained among the 
Miami tribe of Indians by the board of the Hunt- 
ington and Weasaw Associations be now trans- 
ferred to the board of the State Convention, and 
that the school, mission-house, land, and all other 
property belonging to the mission, be henceforth 
under their patronage." 

By removals and deaths the tribe gradually de- 
clined, and the mission declined also. In the death 
of George Slocum, in 1860, the mission sustained 
a great loss. 

Small, Rev. J. S., was born in Guilford, N. H., 
Aug. 16, 1826. The progress which he had made 
in his youthful studies is shown by the circum- 
stance that when he was but fifteen years of age 
he began to teach in the public schools. It was 
his early ambition to be a lawyer, and with this 
end in view he began to fit for college, but his 
health failing he was obliged to give up his plan. 
His hopeful conversion took place when he was 
twenty-three years of age. At once his thoughts 
were turned to the Christian ministry, and he be- 
came a student in the Fairfax Institution, Vt., and 
was graduated in the class of 1858. His ordina- 
tion took place at Williamstown, July 9, 1837. In 
1859 he went to East Wallingford, Vt., where he 
remained about a year. Wishing to pursue still 
further his theological studies, he returned to Fair- 
fax, where he remained some time as a resident 
graduate. He preached in Montgomery, Vt.. and 
Lowell, Mass., in 1861, and was settled, July 15, 
1862, at Enosburg, where he remained four years, 
leaving his pastorate to accept a call to the Fairfax 
Institution, to act as president after the removal 
of Dr. Upham. This position he occupied about 
three years, when, feeling the want of a more 
thorough intellectual training, he decided to take 
a full college course of study. He was a graduate 
of Dartmouth College in the class of 1872, preach- 
ing more or less during his four years' residence 
in Hanover. His pastorates after leaving college 



SMALLEY 



1063 



SMITH 



■were at Bristol and Felchville, Vt. He died very 
suddenly, after preaching the annual sermon before 
the Woodstock Association, Vt., Sept. 22, 1880. 

Smalley, Rev. Henry, was born in Piscata- 
way, N. J. He was baptized by Rev. Keune Run- 
yon in 1781, at the age of sixteen. He studied at 
Queen's College, New Brunswick, and at the Col- 
lege of New Jersey, in Princeton, where he grad- 
uated in 178G. In 1788 he was licensed; in 1790 
he was ordained pastor of the Cohansey Baptist 
church, N. J., where he exei'cised an able and suc- 
cessful ministry of forty-nine years, and died Feb. 
11, 1839, in his seventy-fourth year. Mr. Smalley 
was abundant in labor, adding to his stated preach- 
ing and catechising, services in neighborhoods be- 
yond the bounds of his own congregation. His 
judgment was excellent, his success in peace- 
making and settling difficulties was prominent; he 
rightly divided the word of truth, and the fruits 
of a judicious and long pastorate are abundant. 

Smiley, Rev. Thomas, was born in Dauphin 
Co., Pa., in 1759 ; baptized in 1792, in AVyoming 
Co., Pa. ; licensed December, 1796, by the Braintrim 
church ; ordained December, 1802, when forty-three 
years of age ; died in 1832 in White Deer, Lycom- 
ing Co., Pa., in his seventy-third year. In two 
things he was quite distinguished, — controversies 
about land titles in the northern portion of the 
State between the Pennymites, as they were called, 
and the Connecticut claims, and in his fearless 
defense of the cardinal doctrines of the Word of 
God. No minister held more tenaciously to the 
doctrines of grace.j In these sentiiftents he had 
been reared from childhood, his father being a 
rigid Presbyterian of the Scotch Seceder branch. 
In his d.ay the conflict between Arminianism and 
Calvinism was peculiarly marked and bitter. Elder 
Smiley, as he was generally called, held to the less 
popular side of both questions, and while failing to 
secure applause, he nevertheless won for himself 
in his advocacy of sovereign grace what is infinitely 
better, the plaudit of his Lord when called to his 
rest. His work as a minister was in sowing seed. 
The harvest came in due time, but others, the writer 
included, were permitted to gather it. His char- 
acter was of the purest type, and his constant and 
earnest exhortations to practical godliness, as well 
as his appeals to the unconverted, proved him to 
be far from fatalism, and entirely forbade his rela- 
tion to such as claim him for saintship in the 
dogmas of " old-schoolism." His advocacy of sov- 
ereign grace in election was pure and thoroughly 
Biblical. 

Smith, Hon. Almerin, died on the 31st of June, 
1854, at Savanna, III., at the age of seventy-one 
years. He was a native of Manchester, Vt., and 
of a patriotic ancestry, his father, Maj. Nathan 
Smith, having been one of those who accompanied 



Ethan Allen in his memorable expedition against 
Ticonderoga. He himself, immediately upon the 
breaking out of the war of 1812, joined the army, 
with the commission of lieutenant, and served until 
the close of the war, chiefly in the northern part 
of the State of New York. His services were so 
highly appreciated that he was ufi'ered a desirable 
post in the regular army at the close of the war. 
which he declined, as he had other aims in life. 
He had married previous to the breaking out of 
the war, and upon the conclusion of peace he pur- 
chased a farm and made his home in Ticonderoga, 
N. Y., where most of his life was spent. His fel- 
low-citizens expressed their trust in his capacity 
and integrity by calling him to various posts of 
civil service. During thirty years he was success- 
ively elected justice of the peace. Various county 
offices were given him, besides one term of service 
as a member of the State Legislature. He refused 
a renomination when tendered him, as a political 
life was not his choice. About the year 1850 he 
removed to Illinois, and there died, as mentioned 
at the beginning of this article. In his earlier life 
he was skeptical, but when nearly fifty years of age 
he became convinced of the truth of Christianity, 
and sought and found a personal participation in 
its benefits. One who knew him well says of him, 
" In the army, in the halls of legislation, in the 
courts of justice, he was faithful, wise, impartial, 
and capable. Three sons survive him ; the eldest 
being Dr. J. A. Smith, editor of the Standard ; the 
others, John L. Smith, Esq., of Omaha, and Prof. 
E. C. Smith, of Dixon, 111. One daughter of four 
is left, — Mrs. Lucy M. Olin, widow of J. R. Olin, 
Esq., a son of Hon. Henry Olin, of Vermont, and 
brother of Dr. Stephen Olin, so well known as 
president of Wesleyan University. The youngest 
daughter, wife of Rev. W. ^Y. Harsha, D.D., of 
Jacksonville, 111., died a few years since : another, 
wife of Dr. A. Kendrick, of Waukesha, Wis., died 
some years before ; while the second daughter has 
slept during more than a generation in the soil of 
Vermont. 

Smith, Dester P., D.D., was born in Tully, 
N. Y., Dec. 16, 1810; entered 3Iadison University, 
N. Y., in 1831, and remained some time in the 
theological department after graduation. He had 
consecrated himself to the foreign mission work, 
but enfeebled health prevented him entering upon 
this service. For a year and a half he was pastor 
of the Baptist church of Manchester, Vt. He was 
also pastor in Strykersville, N. Y., where he bap- 
tized 200. In 1845 he came to Iowa City, Iowa, 
and was pastor of the church there until 1851, 
during which time a good meeting-house was 
erected and the church gained a commanding posi- 
tion. From 1851 to 1859 he was the general agent 
for Sunday-schools for the State. From 1858 to 



SMITH 



1064 



SMITH 



1861 he served as financial agent of the Iowa Bap- 
tist State Convention, and for a number of years 
he was the secretary of the Iowa Baptist Union for 
Ministerial Education He still resides in Iowa 
City, where for thirty -five years he and his honored 
wife have commanded the respect of that commu- 
nity and exercised a saving influence over many 
liearts. Though not now engaged in any consecu- 
tive labors, he is doing good service for Christ and 
the Baptist cause in Iowa. Conciliatory in spirit, 
earnest in purpose, and wise in counsel, his useful- 
ness continues with declining years, and makes his 
presence an impulse and power in the deliberations 
and plans of his brethren in the State. 

Smith, Prof. D. Townsend, was born on Edisto 
Island, near Charleston, S. C, Aug. 9, 1842. He 
left the Junior class in the South Carolina College 
to join the army near the commencement of the 
late war, and served as a private until its close. 
His early conversion is but one of the many illus- 
trations of the truth of Solomon's adage, "Train 
up a child in the way he should go, and when he 
is old he will not depart from it." 

Soon after the war he resumed his studies in 
Furman University. On the death of Prof Ed- 
wards in 1867 he took the lower classes in Latin 
and Greek. He was retained after his graduation 
the same year as Professor of Languages, and has 
occupied that position ever since. 

Smith, Eli B., D.D., was born in Shoreham, 
Vt., April 16, 1803. While preparing for college 
he was hopefully converted at the age of fourteen, 
and united with the church Feb. 3, 1817. He 
graduated at Middlebury College in 1823; spent 
two years at Andover in theological study ; and, 
as a memlter of the first class at Newton, graduated 
from that institution in 1826, the other member of 
the class being Rev. John E. Weston. In Septem- 
ber, at the meeting of the Boston Baptist Associa- 
tion held in South Reading, he was ordained as an 
evangelist, and entered at once upon his duties 
as pastor of the Baptist church in Buffalo, N. Y. 
At this time it was a small church, numbering but 
a little over thirty members, and had no house of 
worship. Under his energetic efforts a meeting- 
house was erected, and dedicated in the summer 
of 1828. Dr. Smith continued with the church 
in Buffalo until June, 1829, when he resigned and 
accepted a call to Poultney, Vt. He had the satis- 
faction of seeing his labors blessed in that place, and 
large numbers were converted under his ministry. 
Dr. Smith was called away from this happy and suc- 
cessful pastorate to take charge of the New Hamp- 
ton Academy, upon the resignation of its principal. 
Rev. B. F. Farnsworth. He entered upon the duties 
of his office in May, 1834, and found himself asso- 
ciated with teachers who stood in the first rank of 
their profession, among whom were Miss Martha 



Hazeltine, for twelve years the lady principal of 
the institution, and Miss Sarah Sleeper, afterwards 
the wife of Rev. Dr. Jones, of Siani, and, after his 
decease, the wife of Rev. S. J. Smith. The special 
department which came under the supervision of 
Dr. Smith was that of theology, and in conduct- 
ing that department he performed a service for the 
churches the value of which cannot be easily esti- 
mated. 

President Smith, for twenty years, gave himself 
with the utmost enthusiasm to the great work to 
which he had been called. The discouragements 
were many, owing to the want of pecuniary en- 
dowment, but they were met with a heroic spirit 
of sacrifice for the cause of education. In the fall 
of 1853 the institution was removed to Fairfax, Vt., 
and it seemed as if its future prosperity was guaran- 
teed at once by the change of location. Unexpected 
difficulties arose, and new burdens came upon its 
presiding officer. Domestic sorrows also added to . 
the weight of his cares. He resigned his office as 
president of the New Hampton Institution in Octo- 
ber, 1860. He died Jan. 5, 1861, at Colchester, Vt. 
In summing up the traits of character which were 
most conspicuous in Dr. Smith, his associate in of- 
fice, the Rev. Dr. James Upham, selects the follow- 
ing as deserving of special notice: "his fixedness 
of purpose, his self-control, his wisdom in council, 
his administrative talent, and his practicalness of 
mind." The influence he exerted directly and in- 
directly on the Baptist churches in Vermont and 
New Hampshire was very great. He left the mark 
of his own sterling mind upon a multitude of others, 
who, in the ministry and occupying important posts 
in Church and State, have served faithfully their 
God and the generation. 

Smith, Rev. Eliphalet, was the minister of a 
Presbyterian church in Deerfield, N. H., in 1770. 
At that time he was a young man, distinguished for 
talents, piety, and success. While preaching on 
the words, " If ye love me keep my command- 
ments" (John xiv. 15), the truth about baptism 
flashed into his mind so clearly that he felt com- 
pelled to proclaim it to his people ; and President 
Manning says that " he convinced the church of 
which he was pastor that believer's baptism, by 
immersion, only is a divine institution." And he 
further states that " they sent a messenger to him 
to come and administer the ordinance to both min- 
ister and people, the most of whom expected im- 
mediately to submit thereto." Dr. Manning, on 
account of the distance, requested Dr. Ilezekiah 
Smith, of Haverhill, Mass., to take his place. On 
Thursday, June 14, 1770, Dr. Smith baptized the 
pastor and a portion of his people ; on the same 
day a church was formed, and two days later the 
ex-Presbyterian minister baptized seven persons 
into the fellowship of the Baptist church, of which 



SMITH 



1065 



miirff 



he had been elected the pastor. Eliphalet Smith 
had tlie strongest reasons for retaining his old faith, 
and nothing hut the force of truth can account for 
a change so remarkable. In otlier denominations 
the Lord has trained throngs of Baptist ministers 
and multitudes of Baptists. 

Smith, Rev. Francis, was born in what is now 
Wakefield, but was formerly South Reading, Mass., 
July 12, 1812. He graduated at Brown University 
in the class of 1837, and at Newton in the class of 
1840. lie was ordained as the pastor of the Fourth 
Baptist church in Providence. R. I. For thirteen 
years he continued the minister of the church. 
Happy in his residence in Providence he did not 
remove from the city, but, while living here, sup- 
plied, one after another, several small religious so- 
cieties, and for about two years the church in Rut- 
land, Vt. For three years he was the district 
sccretai-y for New England of the American Bap- 
tist Publication 'Society. The closing part of his 
life was spent in the most acceptable missionary 
labors in and about Providence. He died Jan. 29, 
1872. 

Smith, Maj.-Gen. Green Clay, was born at 

Richmond, Ky., July 2, 1^32. After attending a 
preparatory school at Danville, he entered Transyl- 
vania University, graduating in 1850. He studied 
in the office of his father, Hon. John Speed Smith, 
and graduated in a law-school at Lexington, in 
1853. After a partnership of several years with his 
father, which terminated in 1858, he commenced 
business in Covington. In 1860 he was elected to 
the Kentucky Legislature. In 1861 he entered the 
army as a private, and during the civil war attained 
the rank of major-general. In 1863 he was elected 
to Congress, and served two terms. At the close 
of his second term he was appointed governor of 
Montana, in which position he acted until the fall 
of 1868, when he resigned for the purpose of en- 
tering the gospel ministry. He united with a Bap- 
tist church, of which his mother (a daughter of 
Gen. Green Clay and sister of Hon. Cassius M. 
Clay) was a member. He was licensed to preach, 
and ordained in 1869. He was called to the Bap- 
tist church in Frankfort, and served as pastor sev- 
eral years, when he resigned, and engaged in the 
more laborious work of an evangelist. He after- 
wards took charge of the Second church in Frank- 
fort, to which he now ministers. He was elected 
moderator of the General Association of Baptists in 
Kentucky in 1879, and was re-elected in 1880. He 
is a chaste and pleasing orator, has been very suc- 
cessful in his holy calling, and is much beloved by 
his brethren. 

Smith, Hezekiah, D.D. — Fortunately for the 
writer of this sketch of Dr. Smith, the materials for 
doing it are abundant in the interesting memorials 
furnished by Dr. S. F. Smith for Dr. Sprague's 



"Annals," and in the centennial discourse of the 
late Dr. Arthur S. Train, of Haverhill. 

The birthplace of Hezekiah Smith was Long 
Island, N. Y. He was born April 21, 1737. His- 
college life was spent in Princeton, N. J., where he 
graduated in 1762, under the presidency of that 
prince of pulpit orators, Rev. Samuel Davies. He 
was ordained at Charleston, S. C, but assumed no 
pastoral charge at the Snuth, although he preached 
constantly as opportunity presented. In 1764 he 
came to New England, and preached for some time 
in the west parish of the town of Haverhill. Mass., 
to a Congregational church, where his labors were 
greatly appreciated and much blessed. As, how- 
ever, he was a most conscientious Baptist, it could 
not be expected that he could long sustain such a 
relation as this. The circumstance which led him 
to make Haverhill the scene of what proved to be 
a most successful ministry is thus related by Dr. S. 
F. Smith : 

" Mr. Smith now resolved to return to New Jer- 
sey, where several of his relatives resided. The 
day was fixed for his departure from the scene of 
his labors and successes. In the morning several 
young persons came to visit him, deeply affected 
by the prospect of losing their loved and revered 
teacher, by whose instrumentality they had been 
brought to believe on the Lord Jesus Christ. They 
exhibited their ardent affection towards him. anl 
expressed the wish that he would baptize them. 
Still they found him fixed in his determination. 
Notwithstanding, they ventured to utter their con- 
viction that he would soon return and be their 
minister. He replied, • If I return, your prayers 
will bring me back.' The same day he proceeded 
to Boston, and the day following commenced his 
journey to Providence. But after he had advanced 
eighteen or twenty miles, the words were impressed 
with unusual weight on his mind, ' Strengthen ye 
the weak hands, and confirm the feeble knees. 
Say to them that are of a fearful heart, Be strong, 
fear not: behold, your God will come with ven- 
geance, even God with a recompense; he will come 
and save you.' Stopping his horse, he mused 
awhile on the occurrence. He soon proceeded, but 
was shortly after arrested again by the same pass- 
age. Yielding to the impulse, he turned his horse, 
and rode back to Boston. Here he found two per- 
sons, sent by his friends in Haverhill to solicit his 
return. He readily accepted their invitation, and 
went back the next day to Haverhill, where he 
was received with many expressions of affection 
and gratitude." 

The church in Haverhill was organized May 9, 
1765, and its pastor publicly recognized Nov. 12, 
17G6, and he held that position for forty years. 
Faithful to the trusts that were committed to his 
hands, he felt it to be his duty no less than hia 



SMITH 



106G 



SMITH 



privilege to preach the gospel in the regions be- 
yond the field of his own special cultivation. Ac- 
cordingly, acting under the direction and by the ad- 
vice of his church, he would start out, accompanied 
by one or two of his members, to make evangel- 
izing tours through destitute sections of New Hamp- 
shire and the district of Maine. Returning from 
these towns, he would call the church together, as 
the apostles did in primitive times, and rehearse the 
wonderful things which God had wrought by their 
hands. Persons holding Baptist views, but living 
too far away from any church of their own faith 
and order, would be brought into vital relations 
with the Haverhill church. In the course of time 
the population would increase in the places where 
these persons lived, and there would be encourage- 
ment to form Baptist churches out of these scat- 
tered materials. "Thirteen churches" we are told 
■were thus established by the action of the Haver- 
hill church and the evangelizing labors of its min- 
isters and members. 

In" connection with such friends of religious free- 
dom as Backus, Pi-esident Manning, his friend and 
college classtnate, and others of kindred spirit, he 
labored incessantly to have the Baptists delivered 
from the oppression which they suffered from the 
standing order. He took, moreover, the deepest 
interest in the prosperity of the new college which 
had been established in Rhode Island, and at one 
time was absent nearly nine months collecting 
funds for it. When the war of the Revolution 
broke out, he was appointed chaplain in the Amer- 
ican army. Here he vras brought into terms of in- 
timate relations with Gen. Washington, and enjoyed 
the confidence and friendship of that great and good 
man. As soon as he could be released from his 
duties in the army he gladly i-eturned to his be- 
loved church, and took up his ministerial and pas- 
toral work where he had laid it down. Preaching 
in the sacred desk, and from house to house, liter- 
ally "in season and out of season," making his 
evangelical tours through different sections of New 
England ; his coming was everywhere hailed with 
delight, now in the "backwoods" of Maine, now 
among the grand old hills of New Hampshire, and 
now attending the meetings of the corporation of 
Brown University in Rhode Island ; such is a pic- 
ture of the life of one of the busiest ministers of 
his times. "He often expressed the wish," says 
Dr. S. F. Smith, " that he might not outlive his 
usefulness, and his desire was graciously fulfilled. 
lie preached for the last time, among his people, 
on the Sabbath, from John xii. 24 : ' Except a corn 
of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth 
alone ; but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit.' 
The sermon vras unusually impressive, and a re- 
vival of religion followed, to which it seemed intro- 
ductory. On the Thursday succeeding he was seized 



with paralysis, and spoke no more. His life-work 
was finished and its record complete. He lay a 
week in this condition, and died Jan. 22, 1805, in 
the sixty-eighth year of his age and the forty-second 
of his ministry." 

It is not difficult to assign the place which Heze- 
kiah Smith will always be regarded as having held 
among the Baptist fathers of New England. It is 
safe to say that no man did more than he to give char- 
acter to the denomination which had to fight every 
step of its way in securing for itself a foothold, and 
at last a permanent home in the Eastern States. 
There was no good cause in which he did not take 
an interest. He lived a most useful life. Like one 
of kindred spirit who came after him, — Dr. Baldwin, 
— the summons to depart and be with Christ came 
suddenly, but found him prepared for it. Devout 
and loving hands laid him away in his grave, with 
many of his own parishioners sleeping by his side, 
and his own dust mingling with that of the friends 
of his youth and the co-workers of his riper years. 

Smith, E.ev. James, widely known as the author 
of the " Daily Remembrancer" and other evangel- 
ical works of large circulation, was born Nov. 19, 
1802. When he was eighteen years of age he was 
baptized and admitted into the Baptist church of 
his native place, — Brentford, England. Manifest- 
ing gifts of utterance, he was encouraged to preach ; 
but he was slow to yield to the solicitations of his 
pastor and the brethren. In 1829 he was invited 
to become pastor of a congregation in Cheltenham, 
to which he had preached as a probationer for 
several months. Soon after his settlement in 
Cheltenham he was convinced of the duty of 
pointedly addressing the unconverted, to which 
many of his friends vehemently objected. He 
therefore withdrew from the edifice where he had 
hitherto ministered and organized a new church 
in 1835. His ministry was remarkably successful 
until 1S41, when he removed to the New Park Street 
church, London, now the Metropolitan Tabernacle. 
His London ministry was not unsuccessful, but he 
never felt the comfort and encouragement he had 
enjoyed in his old field. Failing health at length 
led him to leave London. He preached at Byrom 
Street, Liverpool, in 1850 for a short time, and 
subsequently at Shrewsbury. At length, in 1852, 
he returned to Cheltenham. Here old friends ral- 
lied around him, many new friends were raised up, 
and the remainder of his life till the period of his 
final illness was spent in building up a large and 
important church, and in every good word and 
work. A new edifice, called Cambray chapel, was 
built and opened in 1855. In 1861 he was attacked 
by paralysis, and, although he partially recovered, 
and his life was prolonged, his public labors were 
ended. He died Dec. 14, 1862. Only great energy 
of chai-acter and earnestness of purpose could have 



SMITH 



1067 



SMITH 



sustained him amidst such multifarious exertions, 
and doubtless his constitution, though naturally 
vigorous, succumbed to a pressure too great for its 
strength. He had the pen of a ready writer. No 
fewer than forty distinct productions were given 
to the press, and he was a constant and always 
acceptable contributor to several religious periodi- 
cals. His writings are characterized by great plain- 
ness of diction, remarkable felicity of Scripture 
quotation and illustration, and an exuberant rich- 
ness of Christian experience. Cultivated persons 
iif all ranks as well as unlettered Christians bought 
James Smith's little books. They had an immense 
sale; but as he wrote mainly with a view, as he 
said, to the poor of the Lord's flock, his books were 
published at a very cheap rate, and the author's 
profits were not large. By his preaching and his 
pen he turned many to righteousness, and few 
ministers of any denomination, who were contem- 
porary with him, were worthier to be considered a 
master in Israel. 

Smith, Rev. James F., was bom in Jessamine 
Co., Ky., in 1811; made a profession of religion 
when twenty-four years of age, and was baptized 
by Rev. Jeremiah Taylor, of Marion Co., Mo., who 
was the first pastor of the Bethel Baptist church. 

Brother Smith was ordained in 1843. He has 
helped to organize many churches, and has labored 
a great deal in revival meetings. Over 1200 per- 
.•50ns have been baptized by him upon a profession 
of faith, and as many more have been converted 
in meetings he has held who were baptized by 
other pastors. He has for nearly forty years been 
a standard-bearer of the Cross in North Missouri, 
where he is now an active and highly esteemed 
Christian minister. 

Smith, James Wheaton, D.D., was bom at 

Providence, R. I., June 2G, 1823. His father, Hon. 
Noah Smith, served the State in both branches of 
the Legislature, was a member of the governor's 
council, secretary of state in Maine, and candidate 
for governor, and at the time of his death, in 1867, 
was chief legislative clerk in the United States 
Senate. His mother's maiden name was Hannah 
D. Wheaton, a near relative of Mr. Henry Wheaton, 
author of " International Law" and '■ History of 
the Northmen."' 

His parents removed to Calais, Me., when he was 
ten years of age. He was baptized in his twelfth 
year by Rev. James Huckins, and united with the 
Calais church, then recently formed, of which his 
father was a deacon and his mother a devoted 
member. He was one of sixty children baptized 
ftbout the same time into the fellowship of that 
church. Entered Brown University in 1844, and 
graduated in 1848, receiving the '• Jackson pre- 
mium'' for the best essay on Moral Philosophy ; 
graduated from Newton Theological Institution in 



18.51. While yet a student at Newton was ordained 
pastor of the Worthen Street church, Lowell, Mass. 
Ill 18.53 he became pastor of the Spruce Street 
church, Philadelphia, and has remained in con- 




JAMES WriEATOX SMITH. D.D. 

tinuous pastoral relations with that people to the 
present time. In 1870, under his efficient leader- 
ship, a colony -went out from the Spruce Street 
church to a growing and important centre of popu- 
lation and organized the Beth Eden church, whose 
beautiful sanctuary at the corner of Broad and 
Spruce Streets, one of the most attractive church 
buildings in the city, was recently burned down. 
In this new field of labor he continued in pastoral 
service until 1880, when his impaired health in- 
duced him to tender his resignation ; whereupon 
the church immediately elected him " Pastor Emer- 
itus.'" He continues in their fellowship, and his 
increasing strength gives promise of many years 
of useful labor. He received the degree of D.D. 
in 1862 from the university at Lewisburg. 

Dr. Smith has been long and prominently identi- 
fied with the various educational and missionary 
societies of the denomination, and has frequently 
been called upon to aid in the management of im- 
portant secular and religious trusts. During what 
may be called the forcing period in Philadelphia 
no man has exerted a wider influence. It was often 
his to set the key-note of denominational thought 
and feeling, and shape some of the grandest enter- 
prises in the State. He is a man of commanding 
presence, and is possessed of rare pulpit talents. His 
manners are easy and graceful, and his diction 



SMITH 



1068 



SMITH 



fluent and elegant. He preaches without notes, 
and develops his subject with logical clearness and 
magnetic power. He is an adept in poleiiiies, and, 
although his discourses are marked by a fullness of 
catholicity, he is nevertheless quick, forceful, and 
tender in his defense of " the faith once delivered 
to the saints." He has been a frequent contributor 
to denominational literature, and the " Life of John 
P. Crozer," published in 1868, is a beautiful prod- 
uct of his graphic pen. 

Smith, Judge J. B., an eloquent preacher and 
distinguished jurist at Clinton, La., believed to 
have been a native of Virginia, came to Louisiana 
in 1832 as a missionary of the American Baptist 
Home Missionary Society, and labored in the Red 
River region ; in 1836 he aided in the constitution 
of the church at Clinton, La. lie located here and 
engaged successfully in the practice of the law, 
preaching in the surrounding country ; was district 
judge for one or more terms ; fell a victim to yellow 
fever in 1868. 

Smith, J. Byington, D.D., was born in Scroon, 
N. Y., May 1, 1830. He was baptized by Rev. 
John Smitzer into the fellowship of the Baptist 
church of Elbridge, N. Y., in 1846. He was gradu- 
ated from the University and the Theological JSemi- 
nary of Rochester. He labored awhile in Dunkirk, 
where he was ordained to the work of the ministry 
in 1854. In 1855 he settled at Fayetteville, N. Y., 
where he remained five years, during which many 
additions were made to the church by baptism. 

In 1860 he settled with the Farmerville Baptist 
church, where his pastorate continued six years, 
during which a fine house of worship was built. 
From 1866 to 1869 he filled the office of chaplain 
of the prison at Sing Sing, on the Hudson. The 
other officers in charge said he was the most suc- 
cessful chaplain ever chosen to fill that place. 

In 1869 he accepted the pastorate of the Baptist 
church of Geneva, N. Y., which continued seven 
years. He then spent a year traveling in Europe, 
and on his return settled as pastor of the church 
of Peekskill, N. Y. While chaplain in Sing Sing 
he published the '• Prison Hymn Book,"' a selection 
well adapted to prisoners, which is still in use 
in some of the prisons. He is also the author 
of " Sayings and Doings of Children,'' published 
by U. D. Ward, and " Sunday-School Concert Exer- 
cises." Several of liis sermons and public addresses 
have also been published. 

Smith, Hon. John, the first pastor of the First 
Baptist church in Ohio, organized at Columbia, 
near Cincinnati, in 1790. Mr. Smith was a man 
of fine natural abilities and most pleasing address, 
and became so popular in the new State that he 
was elected a United States Senator during the 
administration of Jefferson, and spent the rest of 
his life in political and public affairs. 



Smith, John Lawrence, M.D., LL.D., one of 

the most distinguished scientists in the United 
States, and equally distinguished in Europe, was 
born near Charleston, S.'c, Dec. 16, 1818. He 




JOHN LAWRENCE SMITH, M.D., LL.D. 

was educated in Charleston College and in the 
University of Virginia. At first he selected civil 
engineering for his profession. After devoting two 
years to the study of its various branches, in- 
cluding geology and mining, he was employed as 
iissistant engineer on the Charleston and Cincin- 
nati Railroad. This pursuit proving uncongenial, 
he commenced the study of medicine, and grad- 
uated in the medical school of the University of 
South Carolina, and then pursued his education 
for three years in France and Germany. Upon 
returning to the United States, in 1844, he com- 
menced the practice of medicine at Charleston, and 
shortly afterwards received the appointment of as- 
sayer of bullion for South Carolina. At the re- 
quest of the sultan, he was selected by the Presi- 
dent of the United States, in 1846, to instruct 
Turkish agriculturists in the methods of culti- 
vating cotton. On his arrival in Turkey he was- 
appointed mining engineer to the Turkish govern- 
ment, and occupied the position four years, made 
extensive mineralogical explorations, and published 
a report " On the Thermal AVaters of Asia Minor" 
in 1849. On his return from Turkey he was instru- 
mental in the discovery of deposits of emer3' and 
corundum in the United States. He invented, in 
1851, the inverted microscope, and in that year was 
elected Professor of Chemistry in the University of 



SMITH 



1069 



SMITH 



Virginia. He was married to the daughter of Hon. 
James Guthrie, of Louisville, Ky., and settled in 
that city about 1850, and was appointed to the 
chair of Chemistry in the medical department of 
the University of Louisville. lie held this position 
several years, and then resigned to take charge of 
tiie scientific department of the Louisville Gas- 
Works, which position he still retains. About 
1855 he made a profession of religion, and united 
with the Walnut Street Baptist church in Louis- 
ville, of which he has since been a pious, faithful, 
ivnd useful member. Adding his own fortune to 
that of his most excellent Christian wife, he pos- 
sesses abundant means for indulging his fondness 
for study, investigation, and scientific labor. lie 
has made many discoveries and inventions. His 
original researches are embraced in upwards of 
seventy papers, a list of which has been published 
l)y the Royal Society of England. He is a mem- 
ber of the American National Academy of Sciences, 
etc., membre correspondant de I'lnstitut de France 
(Academic des Sciences), etc., member of the Chem- 
ical Society of Berlin, of the Chemical Society of 
Paris, of the Chemical Society of London, of the 
Soci6te d'Encourngement pour I'lndustrie Na- 
tionale, of the Imperial Mineralogical Society of 
St. Petersburg, corresponding member of the Bos- 
ton Society of Natural History, of the American 
Academy of Arts and Sciences, of the American 
Philosophical Society, American Bureau of Mines, 
the Societe des Sciences et des Arts de Ilainaut, 
etc., Chevalier de la Legion d'llonneur, member of 
the Order of Nichan Iftahar of Turkey, member 
of the Order of Mijiddeh of Turkey, Chevalier of 
the Imperial Order of St. Stanislaus of Russia. 

Smith, Rev. Joseph, was born in Hampstead, 
N. H., Jan. 31, 1808. He worked on his fathers 
farm until he reached theage of nineteen. Feeling it 
to be his duty to prepare for the Christian ministry, 
he commenced liis studies at the New Hampton 
Academy, and then repaired to the Newton Theo- 
logical Institution with the purpose of completing 
themtiiere. Impressed. however, with theconviction 
that it would be wise to extend his course of study, 
he went through Brown University, graduating in 
1837. On leaving college he was ordained pastor of 
the church in Woonsocket, R. I., where he remained 
until 1841, when he removed to Newport, R. I., 
where he was the pastor of the First Baptist church 
for nine years. It was a season of prosperity with 
the church. He resigned his pastorate in 1850, 
and after two years he became pastor of the church 
in Grafton, Mass., and remained such for five years. 
After a brief connection with the " Female Colle- 
giate Institute," in Worcester, he took charge, in 
1852, of the church in North Oxford, Mass., where 
he remained until his death, which occurred sud- 
denly, April 26, 1866. 



Smith, Rev. Josiah Torrey, was born at Wil- 

liamstown, Mass., Aug. 4, 1815. He made a pro- 
fession of faith at the early age of fourteen, being 
baptized in Decem))er. 1829. He fitted for college 
at Curamington and Williamstown, and graduated 
at Williams College in the class of 1842. His theo- 
logical studies were pursued at Nev.-ton, and he 
was ordained at Lanesborough, Mass., in 1845. 
Mr. Smith has served the following Baptist 
churches: Lanesborough, Sandisfield, and Hins- 
dale, in Massachusetts; Bristol, in Connecticut; 
Amherst, Mass., Woodstock, Conn., and Warwick, 
R. I. Besides performing his ministerial and pas- 
toral work, he has found time for the preparation 
of articles for some of our leading quarterlies, and 
for the daily secular and weekly religious press. 
He has written for the Biblical Repository, the 
Christian Review, the Congregational Review, the 
Baptist Quarterly, and the Baptist Missionary 
Magazine. He has also contributed to the Watch- 
man, the Christian Era, the Christian Secretary, 
and the New York Examiner. He has published 
the following treatises on subjects connected with 
Baptist sentiments : " Review of Peters on Bap- 
tism," " The Covenant of Circumcision, Consid- 
ered in its Relation to Christian Baptism," " New 
Testament and Historical Arguments for Infant 
Baptism Considered." One or two other pam- 
phlets, the production of his pen, have been pub- 
lished. The present residence of Mr. Smith is 
Warwick, R. I. 

Smith, Justin A., D.D., was bom on the 29th 
of December, 1819, at Ticonderoga, N. Y. His 
father, Almerin Smith, was a man of influence 
and ability, and encouraged the literary tastes 
early developed in his son. At the age of fifteen 
he studied one year at New Hampton Literary and 
Theological Institute. Soon after his return home he 
was converted, and united with the Baptist church 
in Ticonderoga. After three years' suspension of 
study, save such as could be carried on privately, 
and a few months of study in North Granville 
Academy, he entered Union College, Schenectady, 
N. Y., graduating in 1843, Dr. Alonzo Putter being 
then acting president, although Dr. Nott, so famous 
in his time, was still alive, and by no means past 
service. After graduation he served one year as 
principal of Union Academy, at Bennington, Vt. 
His thoughts, however, had been directed towards 
the ministry, and at the solicitation of the people 
he preached a few times for them. The church of 
North Bennington having urgently called him to 
the pastorate, he at once relinquished his project 
of teaching, and assumed the pastoral care of the 
church. Here he remained five years. From it 
he was called to the pastorate of the First Baptist 
church of Rochester, N. Y., where he labored for 
five more years. In 1853, having resigned his 



SMITH 



1070 



SMITH 



chart;e at Rochester, he i-emoved to Chicago, 111., 
and became associated with Rev. Leroy Cliui-ch in 
the editorship of the Christian Times. Here lie 
found the sphere of labor to which his tastes and 




JUSTIN A. SJllTII, D.D. 

talents most adapted him, and in the management 
of this paper he has continued up to the present 
time. Dr. Smith, after twenty-eight years of edi- 
torship, still maintains the principal editorial con- 
trol of the paper, now called the Standard, and 
with no less vigor and ability than at his first con- 
nection with it. 

Besides his journalistic labors during this period, 
he has engaged extensively and influentially in 
church work. It has been his privilege to lead in 
the organization of three Baptist churches of the 
city which have had creditable histories : the North 
Baptist church, in 1857, the Indiana Avenue, in 
1863, of which lie was pastor five years, and the 
University Place church, which he served for some 
months, leaving it for an extended European tour 
for travel and study, and also in part for attendance 
at the Vatican Council at Rome in 1869. 

Not a few excellent books have come from Dr. 
Smith's pen, the best known being the " Memoir 
of Nathaniel Colver," the " Shetland Apostle," the 
" Spirit in the "Wcn-d," and " Patmos ; or, the 
Kingdom and the Patience." One or two other 
works are now in process of preparation. lie has 
devoted no little time and energy to the educational 
interests of the denomination, having been con- 
nected as a trustee with the University of Chicago 
and the Theological Seminary from their founda- 



tion, lie is at present giving two courses of lec- 
tures each year in the seminary, and is thus en- 
abled to meet personally and to strongly influence 
many of the young men who assume the care of 
churches. His writings are in a marked manner 
chaste and elegant in diction, comprehensive in 
thought, while the spirit is that of an humble dis- 
ciple of the Master. 

Smith, Rev. Lewis, was born in Chester Co., 
Pa., July 20, 1820. His father was Rev. Samuel 
Smith, a Baptist pastor. AVhen twenty years ohl 
he was converted, and baptized by Rev. A. D. Gil- 
lette ; studied at Hamilton ; became pastor of the 
church in Ilatborough, Pa. ; spent several years 
as a missionary in New Mexico; returned in 1855. 
and settled with the First church of Trenton. In 
1858 he became pastor of the large and prosperous 
church at Hightstown. In 1864 his failing health 
warned him to seek a change. AVhileon a journey 
in Minnesota he departed to his rest on Aug. 24, 
1864. lie was an eloquent and powerful preacher. 
A number of his sermons have been published in 
a memorial volume. Ilis brotherly affection, out- 
spoken patriotism, glowing devotion to the mis- 
sionary cause, and deep personal piety wei"e well 
known to all wiio were acquainted with him. 

Smith, Rev. Lucius, the pastor of the Baptist 
church in Verona, AVis., is a native of AVestmore- 
land, Oneida Co., N. Y., where he was born in 
1830. He was educated at Phillips Academy, Ex- 
eter, N. IL, and ordained to the work of the Chris- 
tian ministry at Bristol, AVis., in 1806. In April, 
1868, he was called to the pastorate of the Baptist 
church in Stoughton, AA'^is., whore he remained five 
years, developing fine abilities as a preacher and 
pastor. In 1873 lie was called to the vacant pas- 
torate at Verona, AA'^is., and his second pastorate 
still continues. He is an earnest, natural, simple, 
and strong preacher of the gospel. 

Smith, Lucius E., D.D., was born in AV^illiams- 
town, Mass., Jan. 29, 1822, and graduated at AV^il- 
liams College in the class of 1843. He read law 
in the office of Hon. D. N. Dewey, of AV^illiams- 
town. and was admitted to the bar in 1845. He 
was associate editor of the Hartford Daily Courant 
for a time, and editor of the Free-Soil Advocate in 
1848. In 1849 he was associated with Hon. Henry 
AVilson in editing the Boston Republican. Daring 
the years 1849-1854 he was assistant in the secre- 
tary's department of the American Baptist Mis- 
sionary Union. The next three years he spent at 
Newton, graduating with the class of 1857, and 
was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in Gro- 
ton, Mass., in 1858, continuing in ofiSce until 1865, 
when he was appointed Professor of Rhetoric and 
Pastoral Tiieology in the University of Lewisburg, 
Pa., which position he held until 1868. During 
one year of this time he was the editor of the Bap- 



SMITH 



SMITH 



iisi Quarterly. In 1868 he entered upon his duties 
.IS literary editor of tiie Examiner and Chronicle, 
and held that office until 1870, when he was called 
to the chair of editor of the J^/cAwiaw, which place 
he now occupies. 

Dr. Smiths editorial calling seems to be the one 
for which he has special and most superior qualifi- 
cations. His experience in this line goes back to 
his student days, when for a year he was editor of 
the Williams Miscellany, a college magazine. Pres- 
ident Hopkins said at the expiration of that year's 
work, " I do not believe you are done with editing. 
I am inclined to think it is your vocation." The 
event has justified the correctness of his confident 
assertions. Besides articles contributed to i-eviews, 
magazines, and various newspapers, Dr. Smith 
published, in 1852, " Heroes and Martyrs of the 
Missionary Enterprise, with an Historical Review 
of Earlier Missions.'' The degree of D.D. was 
conferred upon him in 1869 by Williams College. 
Dr. Smith is one of the ablest and best men in the 
denomination. 

Smith, Martin Henry, A.M., present principal 

of the Connecticut Literary Institution, eldest son 
of Henry and Lydia Smith, was born in Suffield, 
Conn.. Aug. 5, 1833 ; converted at the age of six- 
teen ; baptized by Dr. Dwight Ives into the fel- 
lowship of the Second Baptist church in Suffield ; 
))repared for college at the Connecticut Literary 
Institution ; entered Williams College in 1853, and 
graduated in 1857 : for two subsequent years taught 
mathematics in Connecticut Literary Institution ; 
in 1859 was elected principal of Maysville Literary 
Institute, at Maysville, Ky., a high school chartered 
with collegiate privileges, and remained until June. 
1880, when he was elected principal of the Connec- 
ticut Literary Institution ; was prominently iden- 
tified with the Baptists of Kentucky ; has con- 
tributed valuable articles to denominational and 
educational journals. 

Smith, Judge Perrin M., was born in Middle- 
bury, N. Y., in 1811. ■ At the Wyoming Academy, 
at the age of nineteen, he was converted, and joined 
the Baptist Church ; studied law, and entered upon 
its practice in Leroy ; came to Centreville, Mich., 
in 1849. He was the chief supporter of the church 
in that place, and a brotherly helper in all the 
churches. As a trustee of Kalamazoo College, he 
was earnest and judicious, expecting great things 
from it, and attempting great things for it. Added 
to the contributions of his life were large bequests 
for the college in his will, which, unhappily, failed 
of realizing his designs through disastrous litiga- 
tions. He was honest and manly in his profession, 
and incorruptible upon the bench, from which death 
suddenly took him in 1866. 

Smith, Robert, the Martyr, was in the em- 
ployment of Sir Thomas Smith, provost of Eton 



College in 1555. Then he came to the Windsor 
College, where he had a clerkship of ten pounds a 
year. He was tall and slender in stature, very 
active in his labors, and invested with great powers 
of mind. The ferocious Bonner, bloody Mary's prin- 
cipal inquisitor in murdering the saints of Jesus, 
met in him an intellectual giant, who could expose 
his sophistries in a moment and defy his rage. 
When he found Christ precious to his soul he was 
filled with a glowing enthusiasm and a fearless 
courage which made him despise danger and death. 
He was deprived of his clerkship by IMary's visit- 
ors, and brought to Newgate by command of the 
council. 

He was led in due time before Bonner, and we 
give a few of thequestions and answers of his ex- 
amination : 

Bonner. — " How long is it since you confessed 
to any priest?" 

Smith. — " Never since I had years of discretion. 
For I never saw it needful, neither was I com- 
manded of God to show )iiy faults to any of that 
sinful number whom you call priests." 

Bonner. — " How long is it since you received the 
sacrament of the altar?" 

Smith. — " I never received the same since I had 
years of discretion, nor ever will by God's grace ; 
neither do I esteem the same in any point, be- 
cause it hath not God's ordinance, neither in name, 
nor in other usage, but rather is set up to mock 
God." 

Bonner. — " You must be burned." 

Smith. — "You shall do no more to me than you 
have done to better men than either of us. But 
think not thereby to quench the spirit of God, or 
make your case good ; for your sore is too well seen 
to be healed so privily with blood. For even the 
very children have all your deeds in derision ; so 
that although you patch up one place with author- 
ity, yet shall it break out in forty to your shame." 

Bonner. — " I believe, I tell thee, that if they 
(infants) die before they be baptized, they be 
damned." 

Smith. — "Ye shall never be saved by that belief. 
But I pray you, my lord, show me, are we saved 
by water or by Christ?" 

Bonner. — "By both." 

Smith. — " Then the water died for our sins ; and 
so must ye say that the water hath life, and it 
being our servant and created for us, is our Saviour. 
This, my lord, is a good doctrine, is it not?" (Acts 
and Monuments, vii. pp. 348. 352. London, 18.38.) 

The protracted examination of this great man 
shows a marvelous acuteness of mind and lofty 
heroism in danger. He was given to the flames at 
tJxbridge, and out of their midst he discoursed to 
the spectators. When black with smoke and almost 
roasted, drawn into a shapeless mass, and 



SMITH 



SMITH 



as dead, he suddenly rose up before the people, lift- 
ing the stumps of his arms, and clapping the same 
together, he told them of his triumphant joys, and 
then, bending down over the fire, his spirit soared 
away to the everlasting glories of heaven. 

Smith, Samuel Francis, D.D., was born in 
Boston, Oct. 21, 1808. He was fitted for college in 




SAMUEL FRANCIS SMJTH, D.D. 

the Boston Latin School, and graduated at Har- 
vard College in the class of 1829. Among his 
classmates were Judge G. T. Bigelow, Dr. James 
Freeman Clarke, Judge B. R. Curtis, Oliver Wen- 
dell Holmes, M.D., Prof. Benjamin Pierce, and 
Dr. Chandler Robbins. Immediately on graduating 
he went to the Andover Theological Seminary, and 
completed his course of study there in 1832. For 
the next year and a half he was the editor of the 
Baptist Missionary Magazine. He was ordained 
pastor of the Baptist church in Waterville, Me., in 
February, 1832, and elected at the same time Pro- 
fessor of Modern Languages in Waterville College. 
He remained in Waterville eight years, and then 
removed to Newton Centre, Mass., where he was 
pastor of the Baptist church twelve years and a 
half. During this period he was the editor of the 
Christian Review from the commencement of the 
seventh volume to the close of the thirteenth, 
writing for it about sixty articles, making 1380 
pages. In addition to all this, he prepared nearly 
all the literary notices which were published while 
he was editor. He has been editor of the publica- 
tions of the American Baptist Missionary Union 
for about seventeen years. 



Dr. Smith was the author of the national hymn 
"My Country, 'tis of Thee," and of the mission- 
ary hymn "The Morning Light is Breaking," 
and of many other familiar hymns. In connec- 
tion with Rev. Dr. Baron Stow, he compiled the 
" Psalmist," which for many years was a standard 
hymn-book in the denomination throughout the 
country. He has also published "Lyric Gems" 
and " Life of the Rev. Joseph Grafton." Dr. 
Smith continues to reside in Newton Centre, sup- 
plying a neighboring church, and occupied with 
such literary work as he finds congenial with his 
tastes. 

Smith, Prof. S. K,, D.D<, was born in Litch- 
field, Me., Oct. 17, 1817. He became a Christian 
early in life, and made a profession of religion in 
his twentieth year. His studies preparatory to 
college were pursued at the Monmouth and Water- 
ville Academies. He was a graduate of Waterville 
College in the class of 1845. Soon after his grad- 
uation he took charge of Townsend Academy, Vt., 
where he remained until he was appointed tutor of 
AVaterville College, in 1846. He spent one year at 
the Newton Theological Institution, and then be- 
came editor of Zion^s Advocate. He occupied this 
position two years, at the end of which he was 
chosen Professor of Rhetoric in Waterville College. 
In 1872 he was ordained as a minister of the gos- 
pel, and the same year received from Colby Uni- 
versity the degree of D.D. Dr. Smith is still con- 
nected with Colby University in the chair to which 
he was called in 1850. 

Smith, Rev. Thomas, one of the most brilliant, 
popular, and consecrated young preachers that Ken- 
tucky has ever produced, was born in Henry County, 
of that State, in June, 1827. His father was a Bap- 
tist, and a man of great wealth. In 1845, while 
studying law at Georgetown College, he professed 
religion, and joined the Baptist Church. He grad- 
uated in 1846, and was licensed to preach. He 
spent three years in Princeton Theological Semi- 
nary. On his return to Henry County he com- 
menced holding meetings in the churches around 
him. He labored with consuming zeal and great 
power, and his ministrations were blessed in the 
conversion of hundreds. He went to Louisville, 
united two small churches, formed Walnut Street 
Baptist church, and became its first pastor. After 
a few months of labor with his new charge his 
health failed, never to be restored. He died in 
Florida, March 8, 1851 

Smith, Gov. Wm. E., was born in Scotland in 
1824. His parents were Alexander and Sarah 
Grant Smith ; both are dead. He came with them 
to America when a boy, and spent his youth in 
New York and Michigan. He was married to 
Mary Booth in 1849, and soon afterwards removed 
to Wisconsin. He settled at Fox Lake, Dodge Co., 



SMITH 



SMYTH 



and engaged in business. Like many Western 
men of activity of body and mind, Mr. Smith took 
pi-actical hold of political matters as soon as he 
could vote. In 1851 he was elected a member of 




GOV. WM. E. SMITH. 

the Legislature and re-elected in 1871, when he 
was chosen Speaker of the house. In 1858-59 he 
was State senator from his district, and he occupied 
the same position in 1864-65. lie was elected 
State treasurer in 1866, and held the office for four 
consecutive years. In 1858 he was appointed by 
the governor of the State a member of the board 
of regents of normal schools, which position he 
held until 1876. In 1874 he was appointed a 
director of the State prison, and retained this 
position until 1878. Mr. Smith was chosen gov- 
ernor of Wisconsin in 1877, and entered upon the 
duties of his office in January, 1878. He was re- 
elected in 1879, receiving the largest majority ever 
given to a governor in Wisconsin. In addition to 
these public trusts, Gov. Smith has often been 
chosen to county and municipal offices, and to the 
position of director in banks, insurance companie?, 
and institutions of learning. In his important and 
responsible office his conduct is visible to all men, 
and it is without reproach. His intimate friends, 
and indeed the whole people of the State, fully 
appreciate the rare talents which he so ably exer- 
cises in his administration. Gov. Smith has through 
his many years of public service not only main- 
tained but increased his reputation as a wise and 
just legislator, and faithful and conscientious ex- 
ecutive officer. He has shown in all his public 



duties courage, integrity, justice, and a steady and 
untiring industry. Immediately upon his settle- 
ment at Beaver Dam he united with the Baptist 
church, having been previously converted and bap- 
tized. Of this church he was an active and useful 
member until his removal to Milwaukee in 1871. 
Gov. Smith is well known throughout the State as 
an exemplary and laborious Christian, a practical 
and consistent temperance man, and a generous 
giver to every good cause. In allithe political con- 
troversies of his day no attack has been made upon 
his private character. Few men in his position 
have received such considerate treatment in this 
respect as Gov. Smith. In the early history of the 
church of which he was for many years a member 
he was one of its most useful men. When weak 
and struggling for existence he was its sexton, 
usher, Sunday-school superintendent, and deacon. 
He has been a Sunday-school teacher nearly all his 
Christian life. In tiie early educational and mis- 
sionary work of the State he has taken a deep in- 
terest. For many years he was the treasurer of 
the State Convention, and has always been a mem- 
ber of its board. 

Smyth, Rev. E. T., was born in Lawrence Dis- 
trict, S. C, June 3, 1828 ; removed with his parents 
to Calhoun Co., Ala., in 1837, where he has resided 
ever since ; was baptized by Rev. W. R. Harris in 
1843 ; ordained in 1 849. Ilis culture is of a highly 
useful character. The first ten years of his min- 
istry were spent with village and country churches, 
and attended with gratifying success. For twenty 
years he has been a popular pastor in the flourishing 
town of Oxford, where he lias established a strong 
and working church, gaining for himself the honor 
of being recognized as one of the best pastors in 
the State, and he is also usefully connected with 
the general interests of the denomination. A good 
preacher, with great energy, gifted in the details 
of pastoral work, and distinguished for sound 
judgment in whatever he undertakes, his life has 
been eminently successful. 

Smyth, Rev. John, was a beneficed clergyman 
of the Church of England, holding the living of 
Gainsl)orough, in Lincolnshire. After Robert 
Brown gave his religious doctrines to his country- 
men, Mr. Smyth adopted them, and he became 
very hostile to Episcopalian ceremonies and pre- 
scribed forms of prayer. He suffered heavily from 
the persecuting spirit of the times, and to escape 
its evils he and a great company of his followers 
fled to Holland in 1606, where they united with 
the English Brownist Church, of which Mr. John- 
son was the pastor, and Mr. Ainsworth the teacher. 

Mr. Smyth adopted sentiments that rendered him 
liable to the charge of Arminianism ; and he also 
rejected infant baptism. The Brownist congrega- 
tion was filled with agitation about him ; many re- 



SNEED 



SOUTH C Alto JAN A 



ceived his principles, but tlie greater number ex- 
pelled him and his friends ; they charged him with 
being '' a murderer of the souls of babes and suck- 
lings, by depriving them of the visible seal of sal- 
vation." Several works were written against Mr. 
Smyth's real and imaginary errors. Mr. Ains- 
wortli, teacher of the Brownist congregation of 
Amsterdam, wrote one, Mr. Johnson, the pastor, 
published another, Mr. Robinson, minister of the 
Brownist congregation of Leyden, issued a third. 
Even the good bishop, Joseph Hall, printed a work 
against him and other Nonconformists. 

Mr. Smyth's enemies bring several charges 
against him which look frivolous and ridiculous. 
The most important one was that he had baptized 
iiimself, and this they denounce as a dreadful 
heresy. We see no evidence to substantiate the 
charge. 

Mr. Smyth was a great man among the Dissent- 
ers of his day; Bishop Hall beai's emphatic evi- 
dence on this question ; and others speak with 
equal force about his prominence. " He was ac- 
counted," says Ephraim Paget, " one of the gran- 
dees of the separation, and he and his followers 
did at once, as it were, swallow up all the rest of 
the separation." He was the author of four works. 
He died in 1611. 

Sneed, Rev. Robert, was a native of Virginia, 
and removed to Tennessee some forty years ago ; 
was then a deacon of the Baptist church. He 
united with the old Sweetwater church, under the 
pastorate of Rev. Eli Cleveland, and soon after this 
was ordained to the work of the ministry. He was 
a man of giant mind. He preached extensively in 
East Tennessee ; was a good pastor, a fine presid- 
ing officer, and for many years was moderator of 
the Sweetwater Association, and also of the Gen- 
eral Association. He was doctrinal in his style of 
preaching. His influence was deeply felt in his 
days of usefulness. He died March 29, 1878, in 
Ivnoxville, Tenn. He labored most zealously for 
the salvation of men until the last few years of his 
life, during which he suffered great affliction. He 
fell asleep in Jesus in the full assurance of the 
Master's approbation. His last words were, "Glory 
to God!" 

Snelling, Rev. Vincent, was the first Baptist 
minister on the Pacific coast. He was born March 
15, 1797, in Christian (afterwards Caldwell) Co., 
Ky., of Baptist parents. At the age of thirteen 
he was baptized, suffering much ridicule from his 
companions, some of whom he afterwards led to 
Christ. He was ordained in Missouri. In 1844 
lie removed to Oregon, and gave himself fully to 
the ministry. Soon after his arrival he organized 
a church at West Union, — the first Baptist church 
west of the Rocky Mountains. In 1846 he organ- 
ized the Yamhill and Lacreole churches, and after- 



wards assisted in forming several others. In 1848 
he helped to organize the AVillamette Association, 
the oldest Baptist Association on the Pacific coast. 
In preaching he was earnest and practical, with 
doctrinal tendencies. He was a thorough pioneer 
Bible Baptist, and traveled extensively through 
Oregon and California, convincing men mightily by 
the multitude of his Scripture proofs and his posi- 
tiveness in stating the truth. About the beginning 
of 1856 he died at Yreka, Cal., in the triumph of 
Christian faith. The Willamette Association, at 
its meeting in 1856, made this recoi-d of him : he 
was " a pioneer in the Baptist cause in Oregon, a 
sti-ong pillar, and active co-laborer in the cause of 
Christ." 

Snyder, Rev. Frederick, was a graduate of 

Union College, N. Y., and pastor of the First church, 
Dayton, 0., from 1844 to 1851 ; subsequently pas- 
tor of churches in Terre Haute, Ind., and Wil- 
liamsburg, N. Y., where he died July 2, 1853; was 
buried at Dayton, 0., where he had been greatly 
successful and much beloved. 

South Carolina, The Baptists of.— The First 
Baptist church of Charleston, S. C, the first in the 
colony, was probably founded in Kittery, Me., by 
Rev. William Screven, Deacon Humphrey Church- 
wood, and eight other brethren, with some sisters, 
in September, 1682. Persecutions in Maine, it is 
said by some, dissolved the community, and it is 
certain that they drove away the leadei-s and others 
from that territory. In the same, or in the fol- 
lowing year, Mr. Screven, with a number of his 
Kittery brethren, arrived in South Carolina, and 
cither regarded their Eastern chui-ch organization 
as still in force or formed a new one. They settled 
first on the west side of the Cooper River, and soon 
after removed to Chai-leston, then a village. 

The second, the Ashley River church, was formed 
in 1736, with Rev. Isaac Chanler as pastor. 

The third, the Pee Dee, now the Welsh Neck 
church, was organized in 1738. James James, 
Esq., was the leader in the movement, whose son 
Philip soon after became the pastor. 

The fourth church was the Euhaw, formed in 
1746 as an independent body, having for some years 
been a branch of the Charleston church. The old 
building was burnt during the war. The old 
barrel-like pulpit and the sounding-board were still 
preserved because Whitefield had once preached 
there. The writer saw them shortly before they 
were consumed. 

THE CHARLESTON BAPTIST ASSOCIATION 
was formed in 1751, the first meeting being held in 
Charleston, Oct. 21. Rev. Oliver Hart was the 
moving spirit. They obtained from the Philadel- 
phia Association Griffith's "Essay on the Nature, 
Power, and Duty of an Association" as the basis 



SOUTH CAROLINA 



SOUTH CAROLINA 



of union. The object was declared to be the pro- 
motion of tlie Redeemer's kingdom hy the mainte- 
nance of love and fellowsliip. The independence 
of the churches was asserted, and the power of the 
body restricted to an advisory council. 

MISSIONS. 
In 1755 they began to collect funds to supply the 
destitute places with preaching in their own and 
in the adjoining provinces, and the next year Rev. 
John Gano was sent by the Philadelphia Associa- 
tion to the Yadkin settlement, in North Carolina, 
and wherever Providence might direct his steps, 
and his labors were eminently successful. 

CONFESSION OF FAITH. 
In 1767 the Association adopted the Confession 
of Faith published by the London Assembly in 
1689. That year there were 8 churches, with 390 
members, in South Carolina. 

CONTRIBUTIONS. 

In 1774 a resolution was adopted by the Asso- 
ciation recommending the churches to contribute 
funds for the Rhode Island College, now Brown 
University. The body also urged the churches to 
send funds to the brethren in Massachusetts, then 
suffering for righteousness' sake. 

The Religious Society and, afterwards, the Gen- 
eral Committee were the agencies through which 
funds for missions and the education of young min- 
isters were collected and disbursed. Probably nearly 
one hundred young men have from time to time 
shared in its benefactions. Among these were the 
elder Dr. Brantly, Rev. J. L. Brooks, the venerable 
Jesse Mercer, and the writer, who most gratefully 
acknowledges his obligation to the same source. 

RELIGIOUS LIBERTY. 
It is pleasing to find here, as everywhere else, 
our brethren contending for complete religious 
liberty. In 1779 the Charleston Association ap- 
pointed a standing committee for several purposes, 
and "particularly to treat with the government in 
behalf of the churches'' for complete freedom from 
political control. 

NEW ASSOCIATIONS. 
Churches having sprung up here and there in 
the " backwoods," the distance sometimes traveled 
to reach the Association, and the want of facilities 
for traveling, led to the formation of the Bethel 
Association in 1789. In 1800 the Broad River 
was constituted. In 1802 the Savannah River, the 
Saluda in 1803, the Edgefield in 1808, and the 
Moriah in 1815. Thus did our Zion "lengthen 
her cords and strengthen her stakes," until, in 
1819, the letter of the High Hills church suggested 
to the Charleston Association the formation of 



THE SOUTH CAROLINA BAPTIST STATE CON- 
VENTION. 

From their settlement in South Carolina its Bap- 
tist people took an active interest in ministerial 
education and missions. In colonial times they 
gave a Large sum to aid in establishing Rhode 
Island College, now Brown University. "The Re- 
ligious Society"' was founded, in 1755, in the First 
church of Charleston to aid missions and minis- 
terial education. This society rendered efficient 
help to ministers preaching among whites and In- 
dians, and it sustained, in whole or in part, a num- 
ber of candidates for the ministry who were under 
the instruction of Rev. Oliver Hart and others. 

In 1819 both the Charleston and High Hills 
churches suggested to the Charleston Association 
the propriety of forming a more general union of 
the churches for this double purpose. The plan 
had been drawn by Dr. R. Furman, then pastor in 
Charleston. This led to the meeting of delegates 
from the Charleston, Savannah River, and Edge- 
field Associations, in Columbia, in December, 1821. 
who formed the Baptist State Convention. Dr. 
Richard Furman was its first pi-esident, and held 
that position until his death, Aug. 25, 1825. His 
successors have been W. B. Johnson, Basil Manly, 
J. C. Furman, J. B. O'Neall, E. T. Winkler, J. P. 
Boyce, J. L. Reynolds, J. A. Broadus. No Con- 
vention can show a more distinguished list of pre- 
siding officers. 

The Convention founded the Furman Theological 
Institute, which has grown into both Furman Uni- 
versity and the Southern Baptist Theological Semi- 
nary. 

The State Board of Missions employed last year 
(1880) about thirty missionaries, and not only paid 
them, but reserved sufficient funds to pay the first 
quarter's salary' for 1881 in advance. 

There are now twenty-eight wliite Associations 
in the State co-operating with the Convention. 

There is great harmony and hearty effort in sus- 
taining the Convention. 

The present officers are Col. B. W. Edwards. 
President; T. P. Smith, Vice-President; Capt. A. 
B. AVoodruff and Rev. Luther Broadus, Secretaries ; 
and Prof. C. H. Judson, Treasurer. Executive 
Board: Rev. Charles Manly, D.D., President; 
Rev. A. W. Lomax, Vice-President; Rev. AV. II. 
Strickland, Corresponding Secretary and Treasurer. 

In 1880, according to the "Baptist Year-Book," 
there were in South Carolina 44 Baptist Associa- 
tions, 1126 churches, and 140,442 members. The 
white and colored Baptists are included in these 
statistics. 

South Carolina, Baptist Journalism in.— 

Rev. Joseph A. Lawton distinctly remembers that 
Rev. AV. H. Brisbane, M.D., was publishing a 
paper in Charleston in 1836. It is probable that 



SOUTH CAROLINA 



1076 



SOUTH JERSEY 



Dr. Manly assumed tho editorship when Dr. Bris- 
bane retired. 

There are now two copies of The Southern Watch- 
man and General Intelligencer in existence, dated 
Feb. 3 and Feb. 10, 1837, printed in Charleston by 
James S. Burges, and edited by the late Basil 
Manly, D.D. These numbers belong to the fourth 
volume. The terms were $3 in advance, $3.50 in 
six months, and $4 afterwards. 

From among many interesting items we se- 
lect the following statistics of South Carolina Bap- 
tists for 1835 : Associations, 14 ; churches, 336 ; 
ordained ministers, 158; licentiates, 55 ; baptisms, 
1985 ; members, 33,486. There is an extract from 
the Religions Herald^ and one from the Mississippi 
Christian Herald. 

Rev. T. W. Haynes published a monthly in 
Charleston, and in 1843 he began the Carolina 
Baptist, which was published for some years. 

The Southern Baptist was first published in 
1846. It was for years edited by a committee of 
brethren, consisting of Rev. J. R. Kendrick, James 
Tupper, Esq., and others. Next by Rev. E. T. 
AVinkler, D.D., then by Rev. J. P. Tustin, and 
finally by Rev. AV". B. Carson. At the beginning 
of the war the paper was suspended on account of 
the uncertain future, and never resumed. 



The Baptist Church and Sunday- School Magazine 
(monthly), edited and published by Rev. T. R. 
Gaines, gave us a tenfold blessing. The latter did 
not continue long. In about three years Brother 
Walters sold the subscription-list and good-will to 
the Religious Herald, of Richmond, Va. 

After an interregnum of about a year, Brother T. 
R. Gaines began to publish the Working Christian 
at Yorkville. A year or so afterwards he removed 
to Charleston, and then to Columbia. He sold out 
to Mr. Junkin, who, again, transferred it to the 
present proprietor. Col. James A. Hoyt. Brother 
Hoyt removed it to Greenville, and soon after ex- 
changed the name of The Working Christian for 
that of The Baptist Courier, and placed it under 
the editorial management of Rev. J. C. Hiden, 
D.D. It is now edited by the proprietor and Rev. 
J. A. Chambliss, D.D., whose classic pen is cer- 
tainly not inferior to any of its predecessors. 

South Jersey Institute, The.— The idea that 

gave birth to this noble academy was first seriously 
entertained by that veteran and honored pastor, 
the Rev. R. F. Young, of Iladdonfield. At his 
suggestion, when settled at Salem, in 1849, a con- 
vention of churches connected with the West New 
Jersey Baptist Association was held in his meet- 
ing-house, at which resolutions were passed com- 




UlC BRIDGCrOM 



It was succeeded by the Confederate Baptist, 
published in Columbia, and edited by that accom- 
plished scholar and Christian gentleman, Rev. J. 
L. Reynolds, D.D. 

Soon after the war The South Carolina Baptist 
was started ; it was edited and published by Rev. 
W. E. Walters, at Anderson Court-House ; and 



mending the project for establishing a first-class 
academy. 

The church at Salem, through an educational 
committee, fitted up a room in the rear of their 
lecture-room in 1852, and secured the services of 
the Rev. Samuel Richards and his wife, of Provi- 
dence, to take chai-ge of the infant enterprise. 



SOUTHERN 



1077 



SOUTHERN 



They were spec'uiliy quiilified foi- the work, and 
their success was in the liighest degree flattering. 
But Mr. Richards accepted another position in 
Salein, which resulted in the closing of the school. 

On Sept. 12, 1865, the West New Jersey Baptist 
Association appointed a committee to consider this 
question and report during the Association. The 
committee was numerous, earnest, and able, and 
tlieir report, which was adopted, recommended im- 
mediate efforts to secure a suitable building. A 
committee was appointed to carry out the decision 
of the Association. They selected Bridgeton as the 
place where the school should be located, and a 
first-class academy for the education of both sexes 
as the institution to be founded. 

Bridgeton lies at the head of navigation on both 
sides of the Cohansey River. It contains about 
8000 inhabitants. It has two Baptist churches. 
The character of its population specially fits it to 
be the seat of a large academy. The scenery around 
it ischarming, and the health of its residents makes 
it peculiarly desirable for those who wish long life. 
Tlie site of the academy is one of the most beauti- 
ful, for educational purposes, in the whole country. 
Forests, rich farms, and the winding Cohansey are 
spread out before the spectator as he looks down 
from the grounds of tlie institute. These grounds 
were given by H. J. Mulford, Esq., of Bridgeton ; 
they contain about ten and a half acres. 

The structure consists of a central building 43 
l)y 58, with an east and west wing, each 57 by 41, 
making the entire. length 157 feet. It is built of 
l)rick, lighted by gas, and heated by steam ; and it 
is five stories high. Its appearance is imposing, 
and it has every convenience for carrying out the 
aims of its Christian projectors. It is fitted to ac- 
commodate one hundred and twenty-five boarders. 
It was opened for pupils in October, 1870. The 
buildings and grounds are valued at §75,000. 
Ladies and gentlemen bearing the honored name 
of Mulford have on various occasions given §50,000 
to the institute. Many others in New Jersey, and 
some friends in Pennsylvania, have contributed 
liberally in the erection of the building and in 
centennial gifts. 

The principal, H. K. Trask. LL.D., by scholar- 
ship, talents, and experience is fitted for the marked 
success that has attended his labors in the institute. 
In 1880 ten instructors assisted the principal in 
training one hundred and fifty pupils for the toils 
of coming life. 

Southern Baptist, a Baptist paper published at 
Meridian, Miss., by Rev. A. Gressett. Circulation 
encouraging. 

Southern Baptist Convention.— That Adoni- 
ram -Judson and Luther Rice by independent study 
of the Scriptures should become Baptists, while 
voyaging to India, was a singular fact in the his- 



tory of missions. This change of opinion neces- 
sitated their support by the Baptists of the United 
States. Luther Rice returned to America to arouse 
among the Baptist churches increased missionary 
ardor. Traveling much in the South, he so en- 
listed an interest in behalf of the work of missions 
that, when the General Missionary Convention w;is 
formed, Southern Baptists participated largely in 
the movement. Dr. Richard Furman, of South 
Carolina, was the first president. Under the consti- 
tution and proceedings of that body, for thirty years 
no discrimination was made in favor of or against 
either section. Northern and Southern Baptists 
acted in entire harmony. In course of time the 
anti-slaveholding sentiment became so strong that 
the Board of Foreign Missions declared, in response 
to a demand for an explicit avowal of opinions and 
purposes, that a slaveholder oS"ering himself as a 
missionary would not be appointed. The Home 
Mission Society, organized for domestic mission 
work, avowed practically a similar opinion, and 
declared in favor of a separate missionary organ- 
ization at the South and at the North. 

In view of this antagonism of opinion, the board 
of the Virginia Foreign Mission Society suggested 
a convention to confer on the best means of pro- 
moting the foreign mission cause and other interests 
of the Baptist denomination in the South. Au- 
gusta, Ga., and Thursday before the second Lord's 
day in May, 1845, were suggested as a proper place 
and a proper time for the meeting ; on May 8, 
1845, 310 delegates from Maryland, the District of 
Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Car- 
olina, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Kentucky 
met at Augusta. Among these men, who came 
together to deliberate, were Fuller, Manly, Furman, 
Johnson, Jeter, Robinson, Howell, Curtis, Brantly, 
Taylor, Mell, Crawford, Dagg, Lumpkin, Hillyer, 
Cooper, Dockery, AVitt, Hume, Mallary, Winkler, 
etc. 

AVm. B. .Johnson, D.D., of South. Carolina, was 
chosen president. A resolution was unanimously 
adopted that " To accomplish the greatest amount 
of good, and for the maintenance of those Scrip- 
tural principles on which the General Convention 
of the Baptists was originally formed," the Con- 
vention should organize a society for the propaga- 
tion of the gospel. A constitution, precisely that 
of the original union, was adopted, " for eliciting, 
combining, and directing the energies of the whole 
denomination in one sacred effort for the propaga- 
tion of the gospel."' A board for foreign missions 
was appointed and located in Richmond, Va., and 
a board for domestic missions at Marion, Ala. 

No good would come of a discussion of the causes 
of the origin of the Southern Baptist Convention. 
Pi-operty in slaves has now happily ceased to dis- 
turb political and religious assemblages. The sep- 



SOUTHERN 



1078 



SOUTHERN 



aration was reluctant and painful, but God has 
brought good out of apparent evil. A separate 
organization has developed the resources and ener- 
gies of Southern Baptists, quickened a sense of 
responsibility, and trained to more active benefi- 
cence. Baptist societies for the spread of the gos- 
pel, existing in different portions of the Union, are 
now working without jar or discord, the most fra- 
ternal feelings are cherished, and few desire an or- 
ganic union co-extensive with our territorial limits. 
Southern Baptists have contributed for foreign 
missions from 1845 to 1879, $939,377.23. In the 
last seven years $284,010.99 have been given for 
foreign missions, $72,000 more than the whole 
amount raised during the thirty years' connection 
with the Triennial Convention. 

The Board for Foreign Missions had J. B. Jeter, 
D.D., for its first president, and James B. Taylor, 
D.D., for its corresponding secretary. J. L. M. 
Curry, D.D., LL.D., is the present president, and 
II. A. Tupper, D.D., the corresponding secretary. 

Dr. Tupper, the scholarly secretary, has recently 
published, with tiie imprimatur of the Publication 
Society, a very valuable book, giving full informa- 
tion of the past and present work of the board. 

The Home Mission Board at Marion, Ala., for- 
merly called the Domestic Mission Board, has E. 
T. Winkler, D.D., for its president, and W. H. 
JMcIntosh, D.D., for its corresponding secretary. 
This board seeks to remedy religious destitution in 
the Southern States and among the Indian tribes 
adjacent to its territory. It has also a mission 
among the Chinese in California. During the war 
a valuable work was done in the Confederate army 
in supplying the soldiers with the Scriptures and 
religious literature, and in supporting seventy- 
eight missionaries. 

In 1863 the Convention established a Sunday- 
school board at Greenville, S. C, and, under the 
efficient secretaryship of C. J. Elford, Esq., and C. 
C. Bitting, D.D., did active and valuable service. 
In 18G8 it was removed to Memphis, and in a few 
years was discontinued. 

The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, now 
at Louisville, Ky., while not under the control of 
the Convention, is regarded with peculiar favor, 
and receives at every meeting attentive considera- 
tion. 

Since the war the Convention meets annually. 
The boards submit to the Convention reports of 
their operations, receipts, and expenditures, and 
the officers and members are annually appointed. 

Organized to " promote foreign and domestic 
missions and other important objects connected 
with the Redeemer's kingdom," and respecting 
fully "the independence and equal rights of the 
churches," the Convention consists of members 
who contribute funds, or are delegated by religious 



bodies contributing funds, on the basis of one dele- 
gate for every $100 given within the twelve months 
next preceding the meeting of the body. To bring 
the Convention into still closer affiliation with State 
Conventions and General Associations, representa- 
tives from those bodies are also admitted on the 
basis of $500 expended for objects similar to those 
in the promotion of which the Convention is en- 
gaged. 

Between the Southern Baptist Convention and 
the three great Baptist organizations at the North 
— the Missionary Union, the Home Mission So- 
ciety, and the Publication Society — the utmost 
harmony and fraternity exist. Each working in 
its own approved way has the good will and 
prayers of the others. 

FOREIGN MISSIONS AND MISSIONARIES. 

Brazilian Mission. — This mission in the prov- 
ince of San Paulo, adopted in 1879, has a church 
of thirty members at Santa Barbara, and another of 
twelve members at " Station." Rev. E. H. Quillan 
has been teacher and preacher. On Jan. 13, 1881, 
Rev. W. B. Bagby and wife, of Texas, were sent to 
reinforce the mission. In 1859 the Convention 
started a work in Rio de Janeiro, under Rev. and 
Mrs. T. J. Bowen, former missionaries to Africa. 
The mission was abandoned in 1861, on account of 
obstacles that do not now exist and the wrecked 
health of Mr. Bowen. The present outlook is 
promising, though the field is hard. 

Mexican Mission. — The Convention had but re- 
cently accepted as their missionary Rev. J. 0. West- 
rup, stationed at Muzquis, in the State of Coahuila, 
when, on Dec. 21, 1880, he was murdered by a band 
of Indians and Mexicans. Another missionary will 
be soon appointed, and probably stationed at Mon- 
terey, where there is a Baptist Missionai-y Society. 
Rev. T. M. Westrup, of Corpus Christi, brother of 
the murdered missionary, writes, Feb. 5, 1881 : " I 
sometimes think Catholic fanaticism or national 
prejudice had more to do with the case than ap- 
pears so far." This blood may be seed. 

Italian Mission. — This wOrk was organized in 
Rome, in the fall of 1870, by Rev. W. N. Cote, 
M.D., who labored, with marked success; until 
1873, when he was succeeded by G. B. Taylor, 
D.D. Dr. Cote died in Rome in 1877. Rev. J. H. 
Eager and wife joined the mission in 1880. The 
chapel at Rome cost some $30,000. To build one 
at Torre Pellice $3000 have been collected. This 
mission has prospered from the beginning, and is 
in a flourishing condition. There are five schools, 
with some 150 pupils : the church membership is 
about 175. The stations and laborers are as fol- 
lows : 

At Rome, G. B. Taylor, Mrs. Taylor, J. II. Eager, 
Mrs. Eager, and Signor Cocorda; Torre Pellice, 



SOUTHERN 



1079 



SOUTHERN 



Signor Ferraris ; Milan, Signor Fasclietto ; Mo- 
dena and Carpi, Signor Martinelli ; Naples, Signor 
Colombo ; Bari and Barletta, Signor Volpi ; island 
of Sardinia, Signor Cossu ; Venice, Signor Bel- 
londi ; Bologna, Signor Basile. 

A sketch of Dr. G. B. Taylor, whose praise for 
eminent wisdom is in all the ciiurches, appears 
elsewhere in this " Encyclopjedia." ' 

African Missions. — Liberian and Siei-ra Leone 
Mission. — The First Baptist church of Monrovia, 
Liberia, was organized witli twelve members, in 
1821, in a private dwelling in Richmond, Va., Feb. 
•J, 1846, the Board of Foreign Missions of the 
Southern Baptist Convention having resolved to 
start a mission in x\frica. That year two colored 
brethren, Rev. John Day and Rev. A. L. Jones, 
were appointed missionaries. From 1846 to 1856 
many others were appointed, and churches and 
schools were established in fourteen villages of 
Liberia and two in Sierra Leone. In 1852 and in 
1854 the mission was visited respectively by Rev. 
Eli Ball and Rev. John Kingdon in the interest 
of the board. In 186U there were 24 stations and 
churches, 18 pastors, 1258 members, 26 teachers, 
and 665 pupils. During our civil war the mission 
suspended, and resumed in 1871, under Rev. A. D. 
Philips, who had been identified with the Yoruban 
Mission of the Convention. Eight stations were 
established in Liberia and the Beir country, and 
fifteen missionaries and teachers were appointed. 
The stations in Liberia were posts for the interior 
work in the Beir country, through which it was 
hoped that access might be had again to Yoruba, 
from which the missionaries had been driven in 
1867. In 1873 the missionaries were expelled from 
the Beir country. Our country being under a fear- 
ful monetary pressure, the missionaries, except the 
supervisors, — B. P. Yates and J. J. Cheeseman, — 
were dismissed. A gratuity of $500 was distributed 
among them. They acted with noble Christian 
spirit. Jan. 8, 1875, Rev. W. J. David and Rev. 
W. W. Colley (colored) sailed for Africa. Finding 
Yoruba reopened to missionaries, they, according 
to instructions, settled all accounts, and closed the 
mission in Liberia, and in October, 1875, resumed 
work in Yoruba. From 1845 to 1875 thousands 
had been converted and taught through the Libe- 
rian and Sierra Leone Mission, and many strong 
and godly men and women of the African race were 
developed. Among the colored missionaries pub- 
licly recorded are F. S. James, who left in his 
churches the savor of a holy life; B. P. Yates, J. 
H. Cheeseman, J. J. Cheeseman, noted respectively 
for financial ability, spiritual devotion, and uncom- 
mon culture ; A. P. Davis, B. J. Drayton, J. T. 
Richardson, R. E. Murray, J. M. Harden, J. J. Fitz- 
gerald, Lewis K. Crocker, Jacob Von Brunn, Mil- 
ford D. HerndoD, and Josephine Early. John Day, 



the first missionary, was born at Ilicksford, Va., 
Feb. 18, 1797; was baptized in 1820; licensed to 
preach in 1821 ; went to Liberia in 1830; resigned 
a judgeship, and was elected, without his consent, 
lieutenant-governor, in 1847. In 1849 he estab- 
lished a manual labor school of fifty pupils at Bex- 
ley. In 1854 lie became pastor of the church at 
Monrovia, where he founded and presided over a 
high school, known as "Day's Hope," in which 
were departments elementary, classical, and theo- 
logical. As superintendent of the mission, he made 
extensive preaching tours, and reported " a Sun- 
day-school in every village, and the Word preached 
statedly to more than 10,000 heathen." This re- 
markable man was gathered to his fathers in 1859. 
Prof. E. W. Blyden, the learned African linguist, 
in pronouncing an eulogy on Mr. Day, considered 
his subject thus: 1. His love of metajihysics ; 2. 
His burning zeal for the gospel ; 3. A household 
word; 4. As judge and statesman; 5. The good 
physician ; 6. As a soldier ; 7. His moral and re- 
ligious character; 8. As educator and theologian; 
9. His life and death a legacy. 

The Yoruba Mission was founded in 1850 by 
Rev. T. J. Bowen. In 1853 it was reinforced by 
Rev. Messrs. J. S. Dennard and J. H. Lacy, with 
their wives ; in 1854 by Rev. W. H. Clarke; and 
in 1856 by Rev. Messrs. S. Y. Trimble, R. AV. Priest, 
J. II. Cason, and their wives, and Mr. J. F. Beau- 
mont. Stations were opened in Lagos, Abbeokuta, 
Ijaye, and Ogbomishaw. Residences and chapels 
were built, churches and schools were established, 
the heathen were soon preached to in their own 
language, and not a few of them were saved. The 
labors in Africa of all these missionaries, except 
Mr. Bowen, were brief. Rev. Henry Goodale,who 
accompanied Mr. Bowen, was buried at Golah, be- 
fore Yoruba was reached. Dennard and his wife 
were put under the sod ; Clarke, Trimble, and 
Beaumont came home to go to their reward. Priest 
and Lacy and Cason toil on in their native land. 
In 1855, Rev. J. M. Harden, a colored missionary, 
was transferred from the Liberian to the Yoruban 
mission, and died in Lagos in 1864. His wife is now 
in the employ of the board. Rev. A. D. Philips en- 
tered the field in 1855, and labored with signal 
success until 1867, when he was driven out of the 
country by war and persecution. He retired from 
the service of the board in 1872, and preaches in 
Tennessee. Rev. T. A. Reid labored at Awyaw 
and elsewhere, and was devoted to the work from 
1857 to 1864. Like Mr. Philips, he left his noble 
wife a sleeper in Afric sands. Rev. R. H. Stone 
worked from 1863 to 1869. He is a faithful min- 
ister in Virginia. As has been stated, the mission 
was reorganized by Messrs. David and Colley in 
1875. They found a number of the native Chris- 
tians steadfast, and overjoyed at the answer of their 



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prayers through long years for the return of " God's 
men." A chapel and residence, at the cost of some 
$4000, have been erected at Lagos, and buildings 
put up at Abbeokuta and Ogbomishaw. The last 
station is occupied by a native missionary, Rev. 
Moses L. Stone. Rev. S. Cosby, missionary of the 
Colored Baptist Convention of Virginia, is asso- 
ciated with Mr. David in the mission. Mr. Colley 
was recalled by the board in 1879. On Dec. 22, 
1879, Mr. and Mrs. David lost their infant daughter. 
In the mission there are GO scholars and 80 church 
members. Some further record of Mr. Bowen, the 
founder of the mission, is fitting. He was born in 
Georgia, Jan. 2, 1814; was a gallant soldier in the 
Creek-Indian and Texas wars ; studied law, but 
abandoned it, in 1841, for the ministry ; traveled 
extensively in Central Africa, and was the soul and 
inspiration of tlie Yoruban Mission from 1850 to 
1856. He married, May 31, 1852, Miss L. H. 
Davis, of Greensborough, Ga.,who shared his toils 
and successes in his second missionary cnmpaign 
in Africa. Mrs. Bowen resides in Greensborough, 
loved and honored for her own sake, and for her 
good and great husband. He entered his heavenly 
rest Nov. 24, 1875. He was the author of an ad- 
mirable work on " Central Africa," and a quarto 
volume on the Yoruban language, published by the 
Smithsonian Institute. 

Chin.i Missions. — Canton Mission. — Rev. J. L. 
Shuck and Rev. T. J. Roberts, missionaries of the 
Triennial Convention, transferred themselves to the 
Southern Convention soon after its organization. 
The former had constituted the First Baptist church 
of Canton, and traveling in this country in 1846 
with a native conven-t, Yong Seen Sang, raised for 
a chapel $5000. This chapel fund, with the consent 
of the donors, was transferred with the missionary, 
in 1847, to Shanghai. Mr. Roberts had preached 
six or seven years to lepers at Macao. In 1847 his 
chapel was destroyed, and the mission property of 
the Missionary Union was bought by the Southern 
Convention. Mr. Roberts raised much money on 
the field, and published and distributed large 
numbers of tracts and portions of the Scriptures. 
In 1850 the mission had been reinforced by Messrs. 
S. C. Clopton, George Pearcy, F. C. Johnson, B. 
W. Whilden, and Miss H. A. Baker. There were 
three preaching-places. A union effected between 
Mr. Roberts's (Uet-tung) church and the First 
church was not happy. In 1852 "the relation be- 
tween Mr. Roberts and the board was dissolved." 
He had done some good foundation-work. He re- 
mained an independent missionary until 1866, 
when he returned to America. He died of leprosy, 
Dec. 28, 1871, at Upper Alton, 111. Mrs. Roberts 
lives at St. Louis, Mo. Mr. Clopton was born in 
Virginia, Jan. 7, 1816, fell asleep July 7, 1847, 
lamented as a choice spirit. Mr. Pearcy and Miss 



Baker were transferi'ed to the Shanghai Mission. 
Mr. Johnson went as " Theological Tutor and Mis- 
sionary," and after making great progress in the 
written language, returned, in 1849, with broken 
health. He resides in Marietta, Ga. In 1848 the 
native assistants, Yong and Mui, went to Canton. 
In 1850, Mrs. Whilden died, and Mr. Whilden 
brought home his children. The health of his sec- 
ond wife failing, they retired from the field finally 
in 1855. Mr. Whilden, much beloved, resides in 
his native State, South Carolina. In 1854, 1856, 
1860, Rev. Messrs. C. W. Gaillard, R. H. Graves, 
and J. G. Schilling joined, respectively, the mis- 
sion. In 1856, Mr. Gaillard reported '"69 Sunday- 
school scholars, 32,200 tracts and Scriptures dis- 
tributed ;" and in 1860, "40 baptisms and 58 
church members." July 27, 1862, he was killed by 
the falling of his house in a typhoon. Mr. Schil- 
ling made " good progress in the language," but 
after the death of his wife, in 1864, came home 
with his children. He practises law in West Vir- 
ginia. Rev. N. B. Williams, whose wife is the 
(laughter of the returned missionary. Rev. B. W. 
Whilden, went to China in 1872, accompanied by 
his wife's sister. Miss Lula Whilden, who, sup- 
ported by the women of South Carolina, is doing a 
grand work among the women of Canton. Mr. 
Williams had a school of forty pupils, and was treas- 
urer of the mission. In 1876, Mrs. Williams's 
failing health compelled their return to the United 
States. Mr. Williams preaches in Alabama. In 
1874, Wong Mui died. Y'ong Seen Sang, supported 
by the Ladies' Missionary Society of the First Bap- 
tist church of Richmond, Va., since 1846, still 
labors for the Master. Rev. E. Z. Simmons and 
wife arrived in Canton Feb. 6, 1871, and are doing 
good work for the Lord. Miss Sallie Stein, sus- 
tained by the Young Ladies' Missionary Society of 
tl)e First Baptist church, Richmond, Va., joined the 
mission in 1879. Rev. R. II. Graves, D.D., was 
born in Baltimore, May 29, 1833 ; was baptized by 
Dr. R. Fuller, Oct. 15, 1848; graduated at St. 
Mary's College in 1851 ; arrived at Canton 14th 
August, 1856. For twenty-five years he has been 
consecrated to his mission, in which he has achieved 
great success, and has won, as many a brother 
missionary has done, a name for purity of character 
and ability as a gospel laborer which is imperish- 
able. He married first the missionary Gaillard's 
widow, who died Dec. 12, 1864. ITis present wife, 
daughter of G. W. Norris, Esq., of Baltimore, has 
been, since 1872, a self-sacrificing and successful 
missionary Avorker for Jesus. In the last eight 
years Dr. Graves has published, in Chinese, two 
hymn-books, a work on the Parables of our Lord, 
a book on homiletics, a work on Scripture geogra- 
phy, and will soon publish a " Life of Christ." In 
the same time " a dwelling has been built in Can- 



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I 



ton, one chapel finished, and money raised for 
another in the country, six country stations have 
been opened, and two native brethren ordained to 
the ministry. The Chinese Native Missionary 
Society has also a station and two assistant preach- 
ers, supported mainly by contributions from Chinese 
Christians in Deinerara and the United States." 
The results of the preaching and Scripture distri- 
bution and holy living of this long line of mission- 
aries in the city of Canton, and among the dense 
masses of the interior of Southern China, can never 
be estimated. The statistics reported in 1880 are 
as follows : 2 churches, 230 members, 52 baptized, 
$255 annual contributions, 9766 tracts and Bibles 
distributed, 4514 medical cases, 5 schools, with an 
average attendance of 121, 6 foreign missionaries 
and 12 native assistants, $5585.35, cost of house 
recently built, $4591.87 house fund in Canton 
treasury. 

The Shanghai Mission was started in 1847 by 
Rev. Messrs. M. T. Yates, J. L. Shuck, and T. W. 
Tobey. Mr. Yates was the first on the ground. 
Nov. 6, 1847, a Baptist church of ten members 
was founded. Two natives — Yong and Mui — were 
licensed to preach. In April, 1848, a gloom over- 
spread the infant church by the drowning of Dr. 
and Mrs. J. Sexton James, who were daily expected 
at Shanghai. Mr. Pearcy, from Canton, joined 
the mission in November, 1848. The meetings 
were attended by " 500 or 600 natives." In 1849 
Mr. and Mrs. Tobey, very useful missionaries, were 
forced home by the ill health of the latter. In May, 
1850, a mission building was erected at Oo-Kah- 
Jack. Mr. Shuck wrote, " Our board is the first 
Protestant board of missions in the world which 
ever held property and gained a permanent footing 
in the interior of China." In 1851, Mrs. Shuck 
died. Her biography was written by Dr. Jeter. 
Mr. Shuck returned with his children to America. 
In China he had been very "faithful and effective." 
In 1854 he went to California, where he labored 
for seven years, baptizing sixteen Chinese, and 
organizing a Chinese church. He died in Barn- 
well, S. C, Aug. 20, 1861, aged fifty-one. His 
widow resides in Charleston, S. C, with his son, 
Rev. L. H. Shuck, D.D. In 1852, Rev. and Mrs. 
Crawford and Dr. G. W. Burton reinforced the 
mission, and early in 1853, Rev. and Mrs. A. B. 
Cabaniss arrived. In the city there were three 
schools and six places of worship. In 1854, Miss 
H. A. Baker, who came from Canton in 1851 and 
opened a boarding school, was recalled by the advice 
of her physician. She lives in California, and is 
the author of the " Orphan of the Old Dominion." 
Mr. and Mrs. Pearcy, on account of his shattered 
health, returned home in 1855. He passed away 
July 21, 1871, " mildly and grandly as the setting 
sun." That year, 1855, there were " eighteen pub- 
69 



lie services per week, with an average attendance 
of 2500 souls ; five day schools, with an average 
attendance of 100 pupils. This year was signal- 
ized by the first baptism of a Chinese woman. The 
board reported, ''The gospel has won glorious 
triumphs in China. . . . Multitudes having given 
evidence of saving faith in the Redeemer." The 
next year the board commended the mission- 
aries as performing "' almost superhuman labors in 
their wide-opened field." In 1859, Rev. and Mrs. 
J. L. Holmes came to Shanghai, and the next year 
were settled in the Shantung province. In 1859, 
Rev. J. B. Hartwell and wife arrived, and in 1860 
joined Mr. Holmes in Shantung. In 1860, Mr. 
and Mrs. Cabaniss, after eminent service, returned 
home. The same year Rev. and Mrs. A. L. Bond, 
assigned to this mission, were lost at sea, with Rev. 
and Mrs. J. Q. A. Rohrer, assigned to Japan, in the 
ill-fated " Edwin Forrest." In 1863, Rev. and Mrs. 
T. P. Crawford, having done a good work in Shang- 
hai, went to Tung-Chow. In 1861, Dr. Burton, a 
great benefactor of the mission, returned to Amer- 
ica, and is practising his profession in Louisville, 
Ky. In 1865, Mr. and Mrs. Yates were alone in 
Shanghai, and have remained so until now. To 
sum up the labors and holy influences of these 
missionaries, and of this great man and his noble 
wife, would be impossible. Dr. Yates wrote, — ■ 

" Sept. 12, 1877. — This is the thirtieth anniver- 
sary of our arrival at Shanghai. At first our way 
was in the dark ; but every successive decade has 
shown marked progress in our work. To-day the 
missionary influence in China is a mighty power. 
The leaven of divine truth has been deposited in 
this mass of error and corruption, and its irresist- 
ible force is beginning to be seen and felt far and 
wide. The Bible has been translated into the liter- 
ai'y or dead language of the whole country, and 
also rendered into the spoken language or dialects 
of many localities, — a style in which the Chinese 
have not been in the habit of making books. Places 
of worship have been secured, where multitudes 
come to the sound of the church-going bell to hear 
the word of God. Churches of living witnesses 
have been established. Tens of thousands have 
been convinced of the truth of the gospel, who 
have not had the moral courage to make a public 
confession of their faith in Christ. Thirty years 
ago, when the prospect was so dark, and the dark- 
ness seemed so impenetrable, I would have com- 
promised for what I now behold as my life-work. 
Now my demand would be nothing less than a com- 
plete surrender. I am in dead earnest about this 
matter, for I fully realize that God is in Christ 
reconciling the world unto himself, and has com- 
mitted unto us the word of reconciliation, and that 
he has commanded us to make it known to all na- 
tions. I not only do not regret devoting my life 



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to the mission work, but I rejoice that he counted 
me worthy to be his embassador to the greatest 
empire on the globe. Now my one desire is that 
he would give me wisdom to do his will and be a 
faithful steward. The Lord be praised for all his 
goodness and mercy to us in our hours of darkest 
affliction." 

Statistics, 1880 : 2 churches, 100 members, $273.17 
contributions, 2 important out-stations. 

A sketch of Dr. M. T. Yates, whose reputation 
is as broad as the earth, is found on another page 
of this volume. 

The Shantung Mission has had two main stations, 
v'z., at Chefoo and at Tung-Chow. In 1860, Rev. 
and Mrs. J. L. Holmes settled in the former, and 
Rev. and Mrs. J. B. Ilartwell in the latter. The 
next year Mr. Holmes was brutally murdered by 
the rebels. He was born in Preston County, now 
in West Virginia ; was graduated from Columbian 
College in 1858. In "Our Life in China" Mrs. 
Nevins describes him as " handsome, talented, ar- 
dent, with very winning manners, and peculiarly 
fitted for usefulness among the Chinese." Mrs. 
Holmes removed to Tung-Chow, where she is still 
doing heroic work. She has issued several editions 
of "Peep of Day." In 1871, Mr. Hartwell re- 
opened the station in Chefoo. In 1872 he located 
in Chefoo, which, he said, had " sextupled itself" 
since 1860, and asked the board " to appropriate 
$4000 for a residence and $4000 for a chapel." lie 
rented a commodious dwelling, where he had " at 
evening family prayer a company of twenty Chi- 
nese," and used the chapel of the English Bap- 
tist mission, kindly ofifered by Dr. Brown of that 
mission. In 1875 he wi-ote, " I think the people 
are receiving the ideas of the gospel." That year 
he was forced home by the ill health of his wife, 
who died Dec. 3, 1879, in California, where Dr. 
Hartwell has a mission under the home board of 
the Convention. Dr. Hartwell was born in Dar- 
lington, S. C, in 1835; graduated with distinction 
from Furman University in 1856. In 1858 he mar- 
ried Miss Eliza H. Jewett, of Macon, Ga., who 
died in China in 1870, greatly lamented. His 
second wife, Miss Julia Jewett, was her sister. 
With sixteen years' experience in China, Dr. Hart- 
well is eminently adapted to the work in California, 
where he has organized a Chinese church. The 
Doctorate was conferred on him by Furman Uni- 
versity. 

Tung-Chow Station. — Mr. Ilartwell, as has been 
stated, located there in 1860, and constituted a 
church of eight members, Oct. 5, 1862. It was 
Known as the North Street church. In 1864 there 
were eighteen members. Mr. Crawfoi-d, coming to 
Tung-Chow, took charge of the church, while Mr. 
Ilartwell supplied a temporary absence of Mr. 
Yates from Shanghai, and baptized eight converts. 



There were two schools there, and some " 6000 
books had been printed and distributed." In 1866, 
Mr. Crawford constituted a second church, of eight 
persons, known as the Monument Street church. 
In 1868 " a deep religious revival" arose in neigh- 
boring villages, through the instrumentality of a 
native baptized by Mr. Hartwell, and twenty were 
baptized. In 1869, Mr. Ilartwell reported his 
church contributions to be $127. In 1871 the mem- 
bership was lifty-six. In 1870, Woo was ordained 
a native pastor. In 1872, Mr. Ilartwell wrote, 
" Woo has managed the church with great discre- 
tion and propriety. . . . He tells them that in- 
stead of their being dependent on the missionaries, 
the missionaries should be dependent on them." 
In 1873 the statistics were : membership, 63 ; con- 
nected with the church from the first, 81 : income 
of church, $224. The church bears its own ex- 
penses, except chapel rent. In 1875 the board re- 
ported, " Rev. Woo is pastor, but Brother Hart- 
well, though living in Chefoo, kept an advisory 
relation to it, and aided it by his constant counsel 
and occasional presence." After sundry vicissi- 
tudes this church is virtually merged in the Monu- 
ment Street church. 

In 1871, Mr. Crawford, greatly encouraged, 
wrote, " Christianity gains ground day by day. 
The government and people all feel that their 
ancient strongholds are giving way." In 1873 he 
built a chapel for $3000. In 1872, Miss Edmonia 
Moon joined the mission, but, after remarkable 
progress in the language, she had to yield in 1876 
to broken health and quit the field. In 1873 her 
sister. Miss Lottie Moon, a woman of distinguished 
ability, joined the mission, and, with Mrs. Crawford 
and Mrs. Holmes, is teaching in the city, and tell- 
ing of Jesus far in the country. In four years the 
ladies made 1027 visits to country villages. In 

1879 the schools numbered 56, the church 115. In 

1880 "more than a thousand visits were made for 
preaching the gospel and distributing books in 
villages around Tung-Chow." Dr. Crawford adds, 
" May God bless the seed thus sown under many 
difficulties!" 

T. P. Crawford was born in Warren Co., Ky., 
May 8, 1821 ; graduated from Union University, 
Tenn., in 1851, " at the head of his class, and with 
the first honors of the institution." He was or- 
dained in 1851, and married Miss Martha Foster, 
of Alabama, daughter of the late Deacon J. L. S. 
Foster. The same year he was appointed a mis- 
sionary ; labored in Shanghai until 1862, when 
he went to Tung-Chow, where he has toiled in- 
defatigably ever since. Mrs. Crawford has pub- 
lished several books. The last work of Dr. Craw- 
ford's is " The Patriarchal Dynasties." In 1879 
the degree of D.D. was conferred on him by Rich- 
mond College, Va. 



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1083 



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RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES. 

From 1846 to 1881 the Convention has received 
and expended for foreign missions $1,029,920.90. 

HOME MISSION BOARD. 

The home mission work of the Baptists of the 
South in the United States is mostly performed by 
State Mission Boards. Still, a large measure of 
general evangelical labor has been accomplished, 
and is still being performed, by the Home Mission 
Board of the Southern Baptist Convention. This 
evangelical labor may be divided into the following 
departments: 1. Home mission work; 2. Indian 
missions; 3. Chinese Mission, in California; 4. 
Work of tiie Bible Board ; 5. Work of the Sunday- 
School Board. (See articles on those topics.) The 
Southern States, properly speaking, are Maryland, 
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, 
Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, 
Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and Kentucky. 
The Southern Baptist Convention and its two mis- 
sion boards — domestic and foreign — were formed 
at Augusta on May 8, 1845. The first officers of 
the Domestic Board, as it was then called, were 
Kev. Basil Manly, Sr., President; Rev. J. L. 
Reynolds, Corresponding Secretary ; Rev. M. P. 
Jewett, Recording Secretary ; Thos. Chilton, Treas- 
urer; and Wm. N. Wyatt, Auditor. The board 
was located at Marion, Ala. Owing to the dis- 
tance of his residence. Dr. Manly resigned, and 
Dr. Hartwell was elected president. Prof. Rey- 
nolds also declined, and, in November, Rev. Rus- 
sell Holman became corresponding secretary, and 
]Mr. Wm. Hornbuckle was elected treasurer, as Mr. 
Chilton removed from Marion. For many years 
Mr. Holman and Mr. Hornbuckle filled their re- 
spective positions with honor to themselves and to 
tiie satisfaction of their brethren, nobly sustained 
by a board of managers which contained such men 
as J. II. De Votie, E. D. King, and AVm. N. Wyatt. 
In 1851, Mr. Holman resigned, in consequence of 
feeble health, and Rev. Thomas F. Curtis was 
elected secretary ; but he retired, after two years' 
efficient service, and was succeeded, in 1.S53, by Rev. 
Joseph Walker. In 1855 the American Indian 
Mission Association of Kentucky transferred its 
work to the Southern Baptist Convention, together 
with a heavy debt, which was promptly paid. 
Thenceforth the Domestic Board was designated 
as the Domestic and Indian Mission Board until 
1874, when its name was changed to Home Board. 
This union and transfer gave a mighty impulse to 
the work of the board, and a great enlargement to 
its field. The sympathies of the denomination 
were strongly enlisted, and its liberality largely 
increased. At the close of 1856, Rev. Joseph 
Walker resigned the secretaryship, a position he 
had filled with eminent ability, and Rev. R. Hol- 



man was 



n called to the position, but, after 
prosecuting his labors with much consecration, he 
was compelled by ill health to retire in 1862. Rev. 
M. T. Sumner, who had entered the service of the 
board as financial secretary in 1858, succeeded Mr. 
Holman, and conducted the afi"airs of the Home 
Board with wonderful ability and success until 
1875, when he resigned. Win. N. Hornbuckle, 
Treasurer, and Wm. N. AVyatt, Auditor, both effi- 
cient, faithful, and beloved, were respectively suc- 
ceeded by J. B. Lovelace and S. II. Fowlkes, who 
have given their valuable services to the present 
time. Dr. Basil Manly, Jr., was elected to suc- 
ceed Dr. Sumner, but declined, and Dr. Wm. II. 
Mcintosh, the present most able and efficient sec- 
retary, was elected to fill the vacancy, and entered 
upon his duties Oct. 1, 1875. He reported the 
board almost entirely free from debt in 1877, and 
since that time it has enlarged its work to the full 
extent of the means furnished. 

The Home Mission Board has sustained mission- 
aries in every Southern State, has planted churches, 
and fostered interests that needed support. Weak 
churches, in most of the large cities of the South, 
have been assisted by it, until able to sustain them- 
selves. Notably among these cities are Baltimore, 
Washington City, Richmond, Petersburg, Freder- 
icksburg, Raleigh, Augusta, Atlanta, New Orleans, 
Galveston, Houston, Texas, Mobile, St. Louis, Mem- 
phis, Knoxville, and many others. Young and grow- 
ing cities on the frontiers have contained its mission- 
aries. Especial attention has been paid to Texas, 
into which a rapid tide of population from other 
States has flowed constantly. Among the many 
missionaries employed in that State may be men- 
tioned Rev. Wm. M. Tryon, Rev. James Iluckins, 
Rev. R. C. Burleson, Rev. J. W. D. Creath. Rev. Z. 
N. Morrell, Rev. Jesse Witt, and Wm. M. Pickett ; 
and the work accomplished by these and others in 
Texas is now seen in a membership, in that State, 
larger than that claimed by any other denomina- 
tion, in a numerous, devoted, and most efficient 
ministry, and in nmle and female Baptist colleges 
of a high order. The board, in connection with 
Associations and State Conventions, has always 
labored most earnestly and energetically in be- 
stowing religious instruction upon the colored 
people. It has ever found the Christian masters 
and mistresses keenly alive to the moral responsi- 
bilities growing out of their relations to their ser- 
vants, and ever ready to aid in giving them gospel 
privileges. Generally, all the missionaries of the 
Home Board had colored interests in connection 
with their charges, and, in many instances, rich 
blessings crowned their labors in the conversion 
of colored people. The wonderful success of this 
evangelical labor among the colored people of the 
South is clearly demonstrated by the existence. 



SOUTHERN 



1084 



SOUTHERN 



after the war, of hundreds of thousands of colored 
Baptists in those States where einaticipation oc- 
curred, not to mention the numerous colored 
church members of other denominations. In the 
State of Georgia alone there are over 30 colored 
Associations, about 900 cliurches, and 110,000 
church members. During the war the work of 
the board was necessarily suspended in many 
parts of the country, but effective service was 
done by its missionaries among the soldiers of the 
Confederate armies, many professing conversion 
through their instrumentality. During the war 
one hundred and fifty-one commissions were issued 
by the board to chaplains and missionaries to the 
armies and hospitals. 

The conclusion of the war left the board pros- 
trate. Gradually it has resumed and enlarged its 
home mission work, as vigorously as its means 
allowed, adding to its other efforts the holding of 
ministers' institutes for the benefit of colored Bap- 
tist ministers. Its report for 1880 shows twenty 
missionaries and three missionary agents in the 
field, as follows: six in Florida, four in Arkansas, 
two in Georgia, two in Texas, one in California, 
three in Alabama, one in Tennessee, one in Vir- 
ginia, and a missionary agent and evangelist in 
each of the States of North Carolina, Kentucky, 
and Alabama. It also kept employed one white 
and four native missionaries in the Creek nation, 
two natives in the Choctaw nation, one, Ilev. A. 
Frank Ross, an intelligent educated man, one white 
missionary in the Chickasaw nation, and a Sem- 
inole Indian missionary among the wild tribes. 

CoNTKiBQTioNS. — The contributions to the Home 
Board from 1845 to 1859, inclusive, $266,358.13. 
During the last twenty years its receipts have been 
$739,483.64, so that the total receipts from 1845 to 
1880, inclusive, were $1,005,841.77. 

General Summary. — Since its organization the 
Home Bo.ard has issued 1893 commissions. To the 
year 1881 the total number of the weeks of labor 
performed by its missionaries makes a period of 50G 
years. The number of baptisms performed by its 
missionaries is 36,874, an average of 1053 annually. 
Five thousand and fifty churches and stations were 
supplied with preaching, and many churches were 
constituted and Sunday-schools organized. 

Indian- Missions. — From the beginning of the 
century Southern Baptists have manifested much 
interest in the reformation and evangelization of 
the Indians. Organized eflbrts were made first in 
Kentucky and then in Georgia for their education 
and Christianization, and were carried on, partly, 
through the Mission Board of the General Conven- 
tion, at Philadelphia, until 1842, when a AVestern 
Baptist Convention met at Cincinnati, and the re- 
sult was the formation, in 1843, of the American 
Indian Mission Association. This association es- 



tablished missions in the Choctaw and Creek na- 
tions, sending as missionaries to them Ilev. Sidney 
Dyer, Rev. Joseph Sinedley, Rev. Ramsey Potts, 
Rev. A. L. Ilay, and Rev. II. F. Buckner, who was 
sent in 1848, and who is still laboring successfully 
in the Creek nation. These missionaries, aided by 
faithful native preachers, baptized many converts 
and established various churches. In 1854 the 
American Indian Mission Association, through its 
Mission Board at Louisville, transferred all its In- 
dian mission work to the Domestic and Indian 
Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, 
which accepted the charge in 1855, at Montgomery, 
Ala. Since that time this board has been most 
earnestly and zealously engaged in the Indian mis- 
sion work, and wonderful success has crowned its 
efiForts. From time to time the board has sent out 
various missionaries to labor in the Indian Terri- 
tory, among whom were Rev. R. G. Moffatt, sent 
in 1853 ; Rev. R. J. Ilogue, sent in 1858 ; Rev. A. 

E. Vandivere, in 1858 ; Rev. J. A. Slover, in 1859 ; 
Rev. Willis Burns, in 1859; Rev. J. A. Preston, 
in 1860 ; Rev. J. S. Murrow, of Georgia, a most 
efficient and faithful missionary, was sent out in 
1857, and, supported by the Rehoboth Association, 
has continued to labor most efficiently until the 
present time. From first to last, however, Dr. II. 

F. Buckner has remained in connection with the 
Convention, and his laborious faithfulness consti- 
tutes him the " Judson" of the West. 

Among the missionaries were many half-breed 
and full-blood natives, whose long and faithful la- 
bors in the employ of the board have aided im- 
mensely in making the Cherokees, Creeks, Choc- 
taws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles what they are 
to-day, a civilized. Christian people; and their 
names should be put on record, — Peter Folsom, 
Simon Hancock, Lewis Cass, AVilliam Cass, John 
Jumper. 

A few figures will give an idea of the number 
of missionaries employed, the amount disbursed 
for their support, and the nature and result of their 
labors as employes of the Domestic and Indian 
Mission Board. In 1856 and 1857, 26 white and 
native missionaries were employed, at a cost of 
$16,780.26, among the Creeks, Cherokees, and 
Choctaws. Several schools, also, were maintained 
in successful operation. In 1858-59, 35 missionaries 
were sustained, — 19 among the Creeks, 10 among 
the Choctaws, and 6 among the Cherokees, — and 
$18,019.77 were expended. The amount collected 
for Indian missions in five years was $61,641.74. 
The work performed was the supply of preaching 
to 135 churches and out-stations, 355 converts bap- 
tized, 5 churches constituted, 5 meeting-houses built, 
4 Sabbath-sciiools organized, with 13 teachers and 
117 pupilsi and 2 ministers and 10 deacons ordained. 
In 1860 and 1861, 31 missionaries and 8 interpreters 



SOUTHERN 



SOUTHERN 



were employed, at a cost of $23,835. Durinjf tlie 
two years 171 churches and stations were supplied 
with preaching, 20 churches were constituted, 2.) 
ministers and S deacons were ordained, 3 temper- 
ance societies were formed, and 400 persons wore 
baptized, while both Sunday-schools and secular 
schools flourished. 

The war then came on, and finally caused a total 
suspension of Indian missions. Previous to 1S70 
about half a dozen missionaries only were kept em- 
ployed. In 1875 there were sixteen, — two in North 
Carolina among the Cherokees in that State. In 
1876 eleven were sustained in the Indian Territory ; 
but of late years the board has been gradually in- 
creasing its operations and enlarging its field among 
the Indians. 

Results. — As late as 1845 the Creeks had laws 
in force to punish "praying people," and in that 
year four Christians were whipped. Now, the Bap- 
tists alone have among the Creeks 2 Associations, 
32 churches, with 17 Sunday-schools, about 30 
native preachers, and a membership of 1500. 
Among the Seminoles there are 700 members and 
several native preachers ; and yet, except for a few 
years only, II. F. Buckner has been the only white 
missionary of the board to these two tribes, contain- 
ing a population of 14,500 Creeks and 2500 Semi- 
noles. Among the Choctaws and Chiukasaws there 
are 2500 church members. The Choctaw and 
Chickasaw Baptist Association, connected with 
Southern Baptist Missions, had 29 churches, with 
1300 members, and 16 Sunday-schools, 'with 626 
scholars and 45 teachers, in 1880. Among the 
Cherokees there is a Baptist Association compris- 
ing a membership of more than 1000. In connec- 
tion with its Creek mission the board has a manual 
labor school, capable of educating at one time 50 
girls and 50 boys ; and it has, also, a church with 
■69 members among the wild tribes, the pastor of 
which, John Jumper, is a full-blooded Seminole. 

Mjssjon to the Chinese in California. — In No- 
vember, 1879, the Home Mission Board sent Rev. 
J. B. Hartwell, D.D., as a missionary to the Chinese 
in San Francisco, Cal. Immediately after his ar- 
rival Dr. Hartwell entered heartily into his work, 
and soon baptized a convert. He employed a hall 
for preaching, and he opened a night school for 
the Chinese. His labors gradually extended suc- 
cessfully, and he at length united the Chinese Bap- 
tist converts into a church, having baptized one 
woman, who is, perhaps, the first Chinese female 
convert ever baptized in the United States. 

Rev. J. B. Hartwell has fine talents. He spent 
twenty years in Nortliern China; but being com- 
pelled by the ill health of his family to return to 
America, he was thus providentially at hand, well 
prepared for this important mission in California. 
It is thought that it will assist greatly in the evan- 



gelization of China by the return to that country 
of converts from California. 

The Bible Board. — In 1846 the Southern Bap- 
tist Convention constituted its two boards its agents 
for Bible operations, and in the next four years 
$10,000 were contributed and disbursed in the dis- 
tribution of the divine Word. During the same 
time tiie Southern Baptists gave more than twice 
as much — that is, $20,308.89 — to the American and 
Foreign Bible Society. In view of this and simi- 
lar circumstances, the Convention oi-ganized a Bible 
board, in 1851, for the purpose of more effectually 
circulating tlie holy Scriptures at home and abroad. 
The four gi*eat objects designed by the origination 
of the board were, — " 1 . To aid our Foreign Mission 
Board in the translation and distribution of the 
vScriptures in foreign lands; 2. To co-operate with 
the Domestic Mission Board in tlie home distribu- 
tion of the Scriptures ; 3. To concentrate and de- 
velop the liberality of the Southern Baptists ; 4. 
To supervise and provide for the vast moral des- 
titution at home and abroad." 

The board was located at Nashville, Tenn. Its 
first president was Dr. Samuel Baker. The other 
officers were AV. C. Buck, Corresponding Secretary; 
W. P. Jones, Recording Secretary : and C. A. Ful- 
ler, Treasurer. The first biennial report, in 1853, 
showed over $8000 collected and $6920 expended. 

The report of 1855 exhibited $10,126.90 received 
and $8862.40 disbursed, of which S3254 were ex- 
pended in sending copies of the Bible to foreign 
countries. 

In the mean time, Dr. S. Baker had resigned, 
and W. II. Bayliss was elected President, and A. C. 
Dayton had become Corresponding Secretary, and 
J. J. Toon, Recording Secretary. 

The third biennial report, in 18.57, showed an 
income of $33,135.27, collected and disbursed 
partly through State societies, with the exception 
of $2115.38 in the treasury. The report exhibited 
the existence of various, strong and active State 
Bible societies in different States. 

In 1859, Dr. R. B. C. Howell was elected presi- 
dent of the board, and in the next two years about 
$8000 only were collected, due partly to the want 
of a corresponding secretary a large portion of the 
time, and partly to political agitation. The re- 
port, rendered at Savannah in the spring of 1861, 
manifested that over $8000 had been collected, 
Rev. L. AV. Allen being the corresponding secre- 
tary, and the successor of Rev. Matt. Hillsiuan ; 
and although Rev. C. D. Mallary brought in a 
special report advocating a continuance of the 
board, and although the secretary made a strong 
report in favor of the operations of the Bible Board, 
it was apparent that its days were numbered. 

A committee was appointed to arrange some 
plan, if possible, by which a union might be 



SOUTHERN 



SOUTHERN 



effected between the Bible Board and the Southern 
Baptist Publication Society, at Charleston. Many 
consultations took place ; but before any arrange- 
ments could be effected the storm of war fell upon 
the South, the corresponding secretary became an 
officer in the Confederate army, Nashville fell into 
the hands of the Federal army in February, 1862, 
the president of the board was imprisoned, and, of 
course, the active operations of the board ceased. 
It had, however, by means of stereotype plates, 
which had "run the blockade," printed 20,000 
small neat Testaments, 14,000 of which had been 
distributed in the Confederate armies, chiefly in 
Virginia, Kentucky, South Carolina, and Georgia. 
Some colportage work was done in 1861, but war 
disturbances soon caused a suspension of it. It, 
however, continued to hold its regular meetings 
until April, 1863. The board met on the 13th of 
April, 1863, and made a report, which was sent to 
Dr. Fuller, at Baltimore, to be forwarded throuj^h 
the lines, ))ut it did not reach the Convention until 
its session at Russellvilie, Ky., in 1866. In the 
mean time, at tiie session of the Southern Baptist 
Convention in 1863, in Augusta, Ga., a committee, 
composed of James P. Boyce, B. Manly, Sr., and 
A. M. Poindexter, recommended the abolition of 
the board. Their report was adopted, and the 
churches were recommended to send their contri- 
butions for Bible distribution to the two boards of 
the Convention, — Foreign and Domestic, — accord- 
ing to the field they wished to supply. 

Of this action the board remained in ignorance 
until the lOth of April, 1866, when a meeting was 
called by the president, and its dissolution was an- 
nounced. Its final report was made in May, 1866, 
when it reported $2148.74 in the treasurer's hands 
to the credit of the Southern Baptist Convention. 

Sunday-School Board. — In 1863, at the session 
of the Southern Baptist Convention, held at Au- 
gusta, Ga., Dr. B. Manly, Sr., chairman, rendered 
a special report strongly advocating the creation 
of a board of Sunday-schools of the Southern Bap- 
tist Convention. A committee was appointed, by 
whose advice the following officers were elected, 
besides the board and vice-presidents : Basil Manly, 
Jr., President ; C. J. Elford, Corresponding Secre- 
tary ; Rev. John A. Broadus, Recording Secretary : 
J. C. Smith, Treasurer ; and T. Q. Donaldson, 
Auditor. The board was located at Greenville, 
S. C. Soon Rev. John A. Broadus was made cor- 
responding secretary, with a small salary. The 
board within three years published several excellent 
little question-books and catechisms, works by Drs. 
Boyce, B. Manly, Jr., and Rev. L. H. Shuck, which 
still retain a position as favorites in the South. In 
January, 1866, the board began the publication of 
a small monthly Sunday-school paper called Kind 
Words for the Sunday- School Children, at the 



price of ten cents a copy. Its first editor was 
Basil Manly, Jr. In the year 1870 this paper was 
united to The Child^s Delight, purchased from S. 
Boykin, of Macon, Ga., and the two papers united 
bore the name of Kind Woi-ds, which now main- 
tains a vigorous and useful existence as a Sunday- 
school paper, and which still remains the pi'operty 
of the Convention, with a wide circulation. Its 
editor since 1872 has been Rev. S. Boykin. During 
the first three years of its existence the Sunday- 
School Board collected §47,684.10, most of which 
was expended in publishing Kind Words. This 
was in Confederate money, however, of which 
$4583.45 remained on hand in Confederate treas- 
ury notes at the end of the war. In the fourth 
year of its existence the board collected $7308, in- 
cluding subscriptions received for Kind Words, 
which had reached a circulation of 25,000. It 
continued to publish various useful catechisms, 
question-books, and a Sunda3'-si;hool hymn-book. 
It employed several evangelists, who organized 
many Sunday-schools, and performed evangelistic 
labors in Missouri, North Carolina, Tennessee, 
and Kentucky. It is pleasing to record that in 
the year 1866 the American Bible Society made 
the board a grant of 25,000 Testaments, equiv- 
alent to a donation of $2025.16. 

The fifth year of the board's existence showed 
some vitality and afforded cause for encourage- 
ment, yet the States manifested comparatively 
little interest in it. Rev. C. C. Bitting had become 
its corresponding secretary, and served with great 
efficiency. In 1868 the board was removed to 
Memphis, Tenn., and united with the Southern 
Baptist Sunday-School Union. In 1870, with Dr. T. 
C. Teasdale for its corresponding secretary, new life 
was infused into this board. Its receipts ran up to 
about $8000, and it had come into possession of 
the stereotype plates of many Sunday-school books, 
through its consolidation with the Southern Sun- 
day-School Union. It consequently soon issued 
many valuable Sunday-school books. It also em- 
ployed various colporteurs and missionaries in dif- 
ferent States, and appeared to enter upon a grand 
and good work. 

Its receipts during the eighth year of its exist- 
ence were $18,807.09, the monetary contributions 
from the different States amounting to about $8000. 
Still it was found that the board was in debt to the 
amount of $4500. Dr. T. C. Teasdale resigned his 
position Sept. 15, 1871. No other corresponding 
secretary was ever secured, but the business affaiis 
of the board were very successfully managed by S. 
C. Rogers, acting corresponding secretary and busi- 
ness manager. The receipts for 1872 were $14, 240.- 
65; and the receipts for 1873 were $16,449.25, of 
which $4551.27 were general contributions from 
the States, and $11,426.82 were received as sub- 



SOUTHERN 



SOUTHERN 



scriptions for Kind Words. In the report to the 
Southern Baptist Convention for that year, the 
editor oi Kind Words, S. Boykin, who was acting 
as corresponding secretary ^)-o tern., made sugges- 
tions which led to the consolidation of the Sunday- 
School Board with the Domestic and Indian Mis- 
sion Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, at 
the session which met in Mobile. It was under- 
stood that this board, now called the Home Board, 
should continue the publication of Kind Words, 
the Sunday-school paper of the Convention, which 
had attained a very large circulation. The paper 
was removed to Macon, Ga., in 1873, where it has 
been published ever since, and has been of valu- 
able assistance, by its lesson expositions, to the 
Baptist Sunday-schools of the South ; and it has 
been beneficial in indoctrinating the Sunday-school 
children of the Southern States in Baptist princi- 
ples, and in inculcating missionary sentiments. Its 
management has been such that for five years in 
succession it earned $800 net per annum, and the 
contract for the next five years secured for the 
Convention ?1000 per annum. 

The Sunday-School Board of the Southern Bap- 
tist Convention was greatly needed during the war, 
when it was originated. After the war, the neces- 
sity for its existence was not generally acknowl- 
edged, and hence it was not adequately sustained. 
The field of operations was entirely too large for 
the instrumentality employed, and it was discerned 
that the Sunday-school work should properly be 
left to the denominational machinery of each State. 
Hence the State Conventions, Associations, and 
churches were earnestly exhorted to take in hand 
and perform a work far too great for any one 
agency, with very limited means. The result has 
been that each Southern State, through its State 
Mission, or Sunday-School Board, is now diligently, 
zealously, and prosperously carrying forward the 
Sunday-school work within its own borders. 

Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 
The, at present located at Louisville, Ky., was first 
opened at Greenville, S. C, the first Monday in 
October, 1859, with four professors, — James P. 
Boyce (chairman of the faculty), John A. Broadus, 
William "Williams, and B. Manly, Jr. Twenty-six 
students attended the first session, thirty-six at- 
tended the second session, but the war diminished 
the number during the third session, and the con- 
script act of the Confederate Congress caused the 
suspension of the institution until the close of the 
war. Its property and a large subscription for its 
support were rendered almost valueless by the re- 
sults of the conflict. At the close of the war, Oct. 
1, 1865, the seminary was reopened with a full 
faculty and eight students. It was largely sus- 
tained for a time by the private fortune of Prof. 
In 1866 the institution, which had hitherto 



been under the direction of the board of an educa' 
tional society, sought and obtained the fostering: 
influence of the Southern Baptist Convention.- 
From this period till 1871 no attempt was made tO' 
raise an endowment. The institution was supported 
by annual collections. According to a resolution 
of the board of trustees at that date bids were re- 
ceived for a new location for the seminary. The 
Baptists of Kentucky pledged $300,000 for its loca- 
tion in that State. The proposition was accepted, 
and Louisville selected for its home. Nearly the 
amount pledged, which was to be supplemented by 
§200,000 from the other Southern States, was raised 
in stocks, individual bonds, and real estate, when 
a financial ciMsh again blasted the prospective en- 
dowment, and the institution was saved from de- 
struction only by a prompt subscription, in 1874, 
of $90,000, to be paid in five annual installments 
for its current expenses. In 1879 the last of what 
was secured of this subscription was exhausted, 
and little of the remains of the prospective endow- 
ment having been collected, the seminary was again 
brought to a great strait. But once more its friends 
were encouraged by the endowment of a professor- 
ship by Gov. Joseph E. Brown, of Georgia, who 
donated $50,000 for that purpose. The board re- 
solved to put forth an earnest effort to add to this 
$150,000, previous to June. 1881. George W. Nor- 
ton, Esq., of Louisville, has pledged $10,000 of this 
sum, provided the whole amount shall be raised. 
This accomplished, an endowment of at least 
$500,000 will be speedily completed. Through all 
its struggles for existence the seminary has con- 
tinued to hold its usual sessions, with its full corps 
of professors and a regularly-increasing number of 
students. It was removed to Kentucky, and opened 
its first session in Louisville, Sept. 1, 1877. Since 
that time it has had an average attendance of about 
seventy-five students. Its present faculty are 
James P. Boyce, John A. Broadus, B. ]Manly, and 
W. H. AVhitsitt. It is but just to say that Dr. 
Boyce, who is chairman of the faculty, treasurer 
of the boai'd, and general financial agent for the 
seminary, has been the life-power of the institution 
from its conception to the present, notwithstanding 
his co-laborers have been great, good, and faithful 
men. 

Southern Female College, The, La Grange, 

Ga., was organized in 1843 by Rev. J. E Dawson, 
D.D., as a school of a high order for the education 
of young ladies. Dr. Dawson, however, was shortly 
succeeded by Milton E. Bacon, A.M., whose first 
class of five young ladies graduated in 1845. Under 
Mr. Bacon's administration the college rapidly grew 
into favor, the graduating classes and the attend- 
ance on the various departments of instruction in- 
creasing from year to year. Large and beautiful 
buildings were erected for the various departments 



SPALY 



SPALDING 



of instruction and fur the accommodation of the 
Ijoarders, who came in large numbers from this and 
adjoining States. President Bacon retired from 
the college in 1855, and was succeeded by John A. 
Foster, A.M., who, remaining in charge till 1857, 
was succeeded by I. F. Cos, A.M., the present 
president. 

During the administration of Mr. Bacon the 
Western Baptist Association purchased a half in- 
terest in the property, and secured the appointment 
of half the trustees, the other half remained with 
the president and proprietors of the remaining 
half interest. The college buildings were destroyed 
by fire, but President Cox with persistent, indom- 
itaVile energy kept up the organization of the col- 
lege, in spite of obstacles that seemed insurmount- 
able, and with the returning prosperity of the 
country, assisted by the liberal and progressive 
citizens of La Grange, he erected the magnificent 
buildings now used by the college, and supplied 
the various departments — literary, music, and art 
— with an outfit commensurate with the demands 
of this age of progress and intellectual activity. 

The college for nearly a qliarter of a century has 
been under its present management. Its influence 
extends to all parts of the South. The graduates, 
to the number of 400, are found in every part of 
the country, filling the highest social positions, and 
in their literary, music, and art training beautifully 
illustrating the work done by their alma mater. 

The last catalogue of the college, for the year 
closing in June, 1880, gives the names of 148 pu- 
pils, with unusually large classes in the various 
styles of painting, and in music on the different in- 
struments. The advantages for music offered here 
are believed, by the best critics, to be unequaled in 
the South. 

Spain, Mission to. — In the latter part of No- 
vember, 1869, a letter was received from Kev. W. 
J. Knapp, asking aid of the Missionary Union in 
his gospel work at Madrid. On the 10th of Au- 
gust, 1870. the First Baptist church in Madrid was 
constituted with a membership of thirty-three per- 
sons. The enterprise was now taken under the 
charge of the Missionary Union, and Rev. John W. 
Terry was appointed as the assistant of Mr. Knapp, 
but his connection with the mission continued for 
only a short time. Mr. Knapp labored with great 
zeal and earnestness, and at times with good pros- 
pects of success. Several missionary stations were 
established, conversions took place, and a consider- 
able number were baptized. Having accomplished 
what he regarded as his special mission in Spain, 
Mr. Knapp resigned and left Madrid late in the 
fall of 1876. The Executive Committee of the 
Union, referring to his work in Spain, say, "He 
labored with zeal and industry to plant missions 
in various parts of the country ; but owing to the 



unsettled state of Spain, the frivolous character 
of the people, and the inefficiency of the native 
preachers, one promising interest after another 
dropped out of sight." Notwithstanding the dis- 
c-iiuragements connected with the carrying on of 
the mission in Spain, the Executive Committee have 
not felt justified in abandoning the field at present. 
The work is now carried on entirely by native 
agency. There are four churches, three ordained 
ministers, and 140 church members in Spain. 

Spalding, Albert Theodore, D.D., pastor of 

the Second Baptist church, Atlanta, Ga., is a man 




ALBERT THEODORE SPALDING, D.D. 



of ability and administrative capacity ; 
great courteousness of demeanor, and is especially 
beloved by the young. He is a very ready speaker, 
has a fine command of language, and his pulpit 
manner is agreeable, even to the most fastidious. 
He was born in Elbert County. Oct. 20, 1831, his 
parents being Rev. A. M. Spalding, A.M., M.D., 
and Lucinda Burton. Mr. A. T. Spalding was 
graduated with one of the honors of his class, in 
1851, from Mercer University. Impressed with 
the duty of preaching the gospel, he spent two 
years more at Mercer, in the theological depart- 
ment, receiving instruction from Dr. John L. Dagg 
and Dr. N. M. Crawford. In 1854 he was ordained 
as pastor of the church in Aiken. S. C, where for 
two years he was pastor ; then he was pastor at 
Madison, Ga., for four years. Called to the charge 
of the Berean church, in West Philadelphia, he 
served two years, and returned South on account 
of the civil wai-, then in progress. His services 



SPALDING 



1089 



SPEAR 



were soon put in requisition at the South. The 
Selina, Ala., church called him, and had his labors 
for four years. Mobile then demanded his time 
and talents, and he preached for the St. Francis 
Streec church four years. A call by the Walnut 
Street church, Louisville, Ky., drew him to that 
large church, of which he was pastor four years, 
succeeding Dr. G. C. Lorinier. His native State 
once more claimed his services, and, in response to 
an invitation of the Second Baptist church, he 
moved to Atlanta in 1871, becoming the successor 
of Dr. Wm. T. Brantly, who had been called to 
Baltimore. 

He is still residing in his elegant home in that 
famous city of the South, the successful pastor of 
one of the largest, richest, and most prominent 
Baptist churches in the country. The degree of 
Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by 
Georgetown College, Ky., in 18G9. 

Dr. Spalding has been well educated, and is a 
fine scholar. He is a man of cultivated tastes and 
gentlemanly instincts, and, as a' preacher, sustains 
a good reputation admirably. His churches always 
grow, and they contribute liberally to our benevo- 
lent projects. Wherever Dr. Spalding has labored 
his natural abilities, force of character, independ- 
ence of spirit, and unflagging zeal have enabled 
him to sustain himself well. He is a member of 
the State Board of Missions and of the Georgia 
Baptist Convention, and is a trustee of Mercer 
University. Besides being an able preacher, he is 
the author of a work called " The Little Gate, an 
Allegory," that was published by Gould & Lincoln, 
of Boston. 

Spalding', Rev. Amos Fletcher, was bom in 
Boston, Mass., Jan. 12, 1821. His intention was 
to devote himself to mercantile pursuits, but having 
been called of God, as he believed, to the work of 
the ministry, he prepared for college at the Worces- 
ter Academy, entered Brown University in 1843, 
and graduated in 1847. Three years were spent 
in theological studies at the Newton Theological 
Institution, and in March, 1851, he was ordained, 
and settled as the pastor of the Baptist church in 
Montreal, Canada. He remained here but a short 
time. The next eight years of his ministerial life 
were equally divided between the churches in Cam- 
bridge, Mass., and Calais, Me. Having been called 
to Warren, R. L, he was pastor of the Baptist church 
there for ten years. He was subsequently pastor 
at Norwich, Conn., and Needham, Mass. The only 
thing Mr. Spalding published was an interesting 
centennial discourse on the history of the Warren 
church, to which reference is made in the histori- 
cal sketch of this church found in this volume. 
He died at Chelmesford, Nov. 30, 1877. He was 
one of our best ministers, respected and beloved 
by a large circle of friends. 



Spear, Prof. Philetus B., D.D., was born at 

Palmyra, N. Y., May 23, 1811 ; prepared for col- 
lege at Ostrander's Mathematical School and Pal- 
myra High School ; came to Hamilton Dec. 1, 1831 ; 
entered the first class that took a full college course ; 
graduated from college in 1836, and from the theo- 
logical seminary in 1838. 

He became classical teacher in 1835, tutor of 
mathematics in 1837, then Professor of Hebrew, 
and in 1850 Professor of Hebrew and Latin ; has 
taught over forty years; was punctual, methodical, 
thorough, inspiring his classes with high motives, 
and with enthusiasm. 

After the charter of 1846 he was a sort of com- 
mittee of ways and means to the treasurer. Two 
emergencies outside of his chair taxed severely his 
energies : 

First. The removal controversy, in the midst of 
the highest prosperity, was suddenly sprung upon 
the university, running through three years, with 
divided counsels and legal proceedings. His posi- 
tion was moderate but firm : " That a J^e^(;institution 
was better for the Western field, that the possibility 
of removal was doubtful, and therefore Madison 
University should be let alone." He made a his- 
torical and legal " Brief" that became the basis of 
all the injunctions against removal. The positions 
taken in it were sustained by the courts, and a 
perpetual injunction issued. Twice he stood alone. 
once when the " compromise scheme" was urged 
to take away the university charter and leave 
"another school." He insisted that it meant death 
to the Hamilton enterprise, and that the charter 
must stay or all go. Then again, when all other 
questions were settled, and by deaths and resigna- 
tions not even a quorum of Hamilton men were 
left on the university board, he took the responsi- 
bility, pecuniary and otherwise, of " negotiation 
and adjustment," at an hour when all that had 
been contended for might have been lost by losing 
the university charter and board ; and thus the 
university was saved by passing through the nar- 
rowest strait possible, there being but a bare quo- 
rum to act in the adjustment. 

The controversy ended, around Drs. Eaton and 
Spear rallied the old enthusiasm and patronage, 
and in three years brought back more than the old 
prosperity. This success brought large accretions 
of work and responsibility, and for ten years, be- 
sides his chair of Hebrew and Latin, he was libra- 
rian, and secretary of both boards, and of the ex- 
ecutive and provisional committees. This outside 
work he discontinued when the necessity ceased. 

Second. The necessity for an endowment brought 
another emergency. Salaries were small, income 
inadequate. To push out with larger plans re- 
quired larger means. Hired agencies for this spe- 
cific work had nearly proved a failure. Forced by 



SPEIGHT 



[090 



SPENCE 



the logic of circumstances, he undertooli this outside 
work. He had already, in 1850, engineered the 
first subscription for $60,000, then near the close 
of the war he had organized and started the Col- 
gate plan for $60,000 more. In 1864 he took more 
earnest hold of endowment as a voluntary and 
I gratuitous service, but making it a side-issue for 
[recreation. The first year $82,000 came in; for 
the "Jubilee," 1869-70, $220,000; for the "Na- 
tional Centennial,'' 1876, $102,000; and other sums 
straggling in, made for all purposes about half a 
million in cash since the war. This should be said 
to recognize the aid of those whole-souled men and 
women, without whom no success could have fol- 
lowed, namely, the Colgate Brothers and a thousand 
others, Trevor, with Mrs. Dr. Somers, and many 
new-comers, Mrs. King, D. Munroe, Cornell, and 
scores doing equally well. 

As a student and professor he has kept pace with 
the university life for nearly half a century, having 
personally known every member of the faculty, 
and being familiar with the different phases of uni- 
versity history. He has used his pen with eS'ect, 
especially in the removal controversy. He drew 
up the "Fraternal Address" to Baptists, issued 
June 9, 1849 ; also the " Address to the Albany 
Convention" of Oct. 4, 1849; and then the "Answer 
to Dr. Williams's Compromise Scheme" of Oct. 22, 
1849, — all of which did much to settle mooted ques- 
tions, and to establish the old devotion, enthusiasm, 
and patronage. 

Speight, Gen. Joseph Warren, was born in 

Greene Co., N. C, May 31, 1825. His father, Hon. 
Jesse Speight, was a member of Congress from 
North Carolina, and U. S. Senator from Mississippi. 
His early education was obtained at Stony Hill 
High School. After the family removed to Missis- 
sippi, which occurred when he was twelve years old, 
he completed a higher course of study under the tu- 
ition of Rev. R. C. Burleson, then teaching in Mis- 
sissippi. At the age of twenty he commenced the 
practice of law in xVberdeen, Miss., and continued 
it with profit and distinction until failing health 
induced him to turn his attention to farming. In 
the fall of 1853 he removed to Waco, then a vil- 
lage in McLennan Co., Texas, and ever since has 
been constantly employed in agricultural pursuits. 
His connections and early predilections were Meth- 
odist, but " the plain, unmistakable, and irresistible 
force of God's holy truth compelled him to become 
a Baptist." Soon after his baptism, in 1857, he 
was chosen a deacon, clerk of the Waco church, 
and superintendent of the Sunday-school, and has 
continued in these offices up to this time. He has 
served as moderator of Trinity River Association, 
twice as president of the General Association of 
Texas, and he is now moderator of Waco Associa- 
tion. He was grand mastCiT of the Grand Lodge 



of Masons in Mississippi when about twenty-seven 
years old. His father named him Joseph Warren 
from a twofold admiration of the distinguished 
general who fell at Bunker Hill, and who was the 




GEN. .JOSEPH WARREN SPEIGHT. 

first Masonic grand master in North America. The 
son has ever been a prominent Mason. At the 
opening of the civil war he raised the 15th Regi- 
ment Texas Infantry, and was appointed its colonel, 
serving with it exclusively in the trans-Mississippi 
Department. He was promoted to the command 
of a brigade, and continued to be its general until 
after the battles of Mansfield and Pleasant Hill, 
La., at the latter of which he was wounded. His 
health failing, he surrendered his brigade to Gen. 
Polignac, and was relieved from field duty till tlie 
war closed. From its origin he has been president 
of the board of trustees of Waco University, and 
perhaps the best service of his life has been in be- 
half of that important institution, in whose pros- 
perity he manifests all a father's love. Blessed in 
his married life, prosperous in secular pursuit-^, 
and in the prime of manhood, the church and the 
world will. Providence favoring, witness yet mucii 
work for man and his Creator. 

Spence, Rev. George Sumner Goddard, was 

born in Boston, Dec. 21, 1819 ; fitted for college at 
the academy in New Hampton, N. II. ; graduated 
at Brown University in 1839; and, after teaching 
four years, went to the Newton Theological Semi- 
nary, where he graduated in 1846. He was or- 
dained as pastor of the Baptist church in West 
Wrentham, March 31, 1847, where he remained a 



SPENCER 



SPRATT 



year and a half, and then became pastor of the 
church in Augusta, Me. Such was the state of his 
health that he was obliged to give up the ministry 
and devote himself to business pursuits. He died 
at Salem, Mass., Sept. 7, 1863. 

Spencer, Rev. David, A.M., youngest son of 

Charles W. and Mary Spencer, was born at En- 
derby, Leicestershire, England, May 23, 1839. 
His parents, on coming to the United States, set- 
tled in Germantown, Philadelphia, where, in 1852, 
they became constituent members of the First Ger- 
mantown church. Into the fellowship of this church 
the subject of this sketch was baptized May 1, 1853. 
He entered upon his studies at the university at 
Lewisburg, March, 1857, and remained until 1862; 
was licensed to preach in 1859, and was ordained 
at Point Pleasant, Pa., Aug. 6, 1862, where he en- 
tered upon his first pastorate. He remained until 
March 1, 1865, when he became pastor of the Rox- 
borough church, Philadelphia. Here he continued 
in abundant and fruitful labors until Oct. 15, 1877, 
when he accepted an appointment as district secre- 
tary of the American Baptist Missionary Union. 
This position he filled with remarkable ability and 
untiring devotion until Sept. 1, 1880, when he ac- 
cepted an urgent call to become pastor of the Penn 
Avenue church, Scranton, Pa., in which field of 
labor he still remains. He served the Philadelphia 
Baptist Association for eleven years as clerk or as- 
sociate clerk, and, as a fitting testimony to the 
value of his services, his letter of declination was 
placed upon the minutes of that body for 1878. 
He has also served as secretary and president of the 
Philadelphia Conference of Baptist ministers, and 
has been constantly and zealously engaged in pro- 
moting the local and general interests of the de- 
nomination. He received the degree of A.M. in 
1868 from the university at Lewisburg. 

Mr. Spencer is an efi'ective preacher, a faithful 
pastor, and a devout Christian. He is deeply in- 
terested in all that pertains to the history and growth 
of the denomination, and in 1877 he published an 
interesting volume entitled " The Early Baptists 
of Philadelphia." 

Spencer, Rev. James, was born in Cape Bre- 
ton ; was baptized, and united with the Baptist 
church at Sydney, the capital of that island ; or- 
dained pastor at Chester, Nova Scotia, May 17, 
1853; filled useful pastorates in Nova Scotia, at 
Lower Granville, Digby, Tusket, and Chebogue. 
Mr. Spencer is now seamen's chaplain in St. John, 
New Brunswick. 

Spilsbury, Rev. John.— In 1616, in London, 
England, a Congregational church was formed, of 
which Henry Jacob was the first pastor. His suc- 
cessor was John Lathorp, who presided over the 
church in 1633. During 1633 several persons, dis- 
satisfied with the loose way the church held its dis- 



senting principles, and convinced that baptism 
should be administered to all believers and to no 
babes, sought and obtained the authority of Mr. 
Lathorp's community to found a distinct church, 
in accordance with their own principles. The 
church was constituted Sept. 12, 1633. The Rev. 
John Spilsbui-y was elected its first pastor. Wil- 
liam Kiflin and others, in 1638, came from the old 
Congregational home and united with the Baptist 
church. This was a Calvinistical church, and by 
some is supposed to have been the first church of 
the Particular Baptist order in modern England. 
This view lacks evidence. Mr. Spilsbury attained 
great eminence as a minister of our denomination, 
and was long the honored pastor of this people. He' 
was alive in 1660. 

Spotts, Rev. John, was born Oct. 8, 1784. He 
was of German descent, and lived in Lewisburg, 
Greenbrier Co., W. Va. At the age of thirty he 
joined the Presbyterians, and became a zealous 
worker in the church and Sunday-school. It is a 
matter of record that twenty-one of the young men 
connected with his Sunday-school became preach- 
ers, and one of them, Rev. J. L. Shuck, a mission- 
ary to China. Upon changing his views on the 
mode of baptism, he gave up his connection with 
the influential and popular Presbyterian church, 
and became a member of the small Baptist church 
in Lewisburg. 

Not long after this he was licensed to preach, 
and in 1832 was ordained, and appointed to travel 
as a missionary. 

Mr. Spotts was distinguished for his ardent love 
of Christian people, and for earnest piety and zeal 
in his work. Though called home in the very 
strength of his manhood, being but forty-four years 
of age, yet he did a grand and glorious work, and 
many will rise up in the last day and bless God 
that he lived. He was cheerful in his work, and 
when the summons came he met it with exclama- 
tions of triumph. "Blessed are the dead." 

Spratt, Georg'e M., D.D., was born in Quebec, 
Canada, April 7, 1813; was converted when seven 
years old ; entered upon his studies at Hamilton, 
N. Y., in 1830, having walked all the distance 
from his home in Pennsylvania ; was afterwards 
ordained as a missionary in Central Penn.sylvania. 
During his labors he organized three churches, 
built three meeting-houses, and baptized many 
converts. He subsequently became pastor of the 
church at Towanda, Pa., where he remained four 
years; was also pastor of the churches at Elmira 
and Fairport, N. Y. ; received the degree of D.D., 
in 1869, from the university at Lewisburg. In the 
establishment and growth of this institution he con- 
tributed a large measure of eflBcient service. In 
1851 he was made corresponding secretary and 
financial agent of the Pennsylvania Baptist Educa- 



SPRATT 



SPURGE ON 



tion Society. This position he still holds, and to 
the work of ministerial education he has given the 
best years and energies of his life. His name and 
his praise are in all the churches. He has labored 




GEORGE M. SPRATT, U.D. 

long and well, but his eye is not yet dimuicd nor 
his natural force abated. He is an instructive nnd 
earnest preacher, and carries forward his work witli 
intense devotion and efficiency. His daughter. Miss 
Harriet E. Spratt, was for several years before her 
death the principal of the University Female Insti- 
tute at Lewisburg, Pa. 

Spratt, Geo. S., M.D., was born in Winchester, 
England, July 8, 1787. Jan. 11, 1811, he married 
Miss Elizabeth Main, and three days after set sail 
as a medical missionary fur the East Indies. Prov- 
idence, however, guided him to Quebec, Canada, 
where he labored as pastor of an " Independent" 
chui-ch. Removing to Philadelphia, he became 
thoroughly convinced of the truth of Baptist sen- 
timents, and received not only Scriptural baptism, 
but iilso ordination, the brethren of that day being 
unwilling to recognize the orthodoxy of an alien 
administration of either baptism or the official act 
of consecration to the functions of the gospel min- 
istry. His first pastorate in his new connection 
was over the recently-formed church in Bridgeton, 
N. J. Subsequent labors were given to thechurches 
of Shamokin and vicinity. The church of Coving- 
ton, Tioga Co., was formed through his labors ; Al- 
leghany and Mead Corners, churches in the north- 
western portion of the State, shared in his pastoral 
The last church he served as pastor was 



the Great Valley, in Chester County. Aft6r closing 
his labors here, the growing infirmities of years 
precluded any change, but he supplied occasionally 
the Valley Forge church, until his sudden death, 




GEORGE S. SPRATT, M.D. 

Jan. 28, 1863, in the seventy-sixth year of his nge 
and the fifty-third of an acceptable ministry. " A 
sinner saved by grace"' was the memorial he or 
dered in his will to be engraved on his tombstone, 
A son, the corresponding secretary of the Pennsyl 
vania Baptist Education Society, and a grandson 
John Spratt Weightnour, pastor in Pittsburgh 
Pa., are in the active service of the ministry. 

Spurden, Charles, D.D., was born May 25, 
1812, near London, England, where he was con- 
verted in 1832; was baptized by Rev. Edward 
Steane, D.D., of Camberwell : studied four years 
at the Baptist College, Bristol, under the presidency 
of Dr. Crisp ; ordained in 1841 pastor of the Bap- 
tist church of Hereford; became principal of the 
Baptist Seminary, Fredericton, New Brunswick, in 
1843, and continued ably to discharge the duties 
of his office till his resignation in 1867. Eminently 
gentlemanly and Christian, sound in theology, 
earnest and clear as a teacher and preacher. Dr. 
Spurden's work and ministry in New Brunswick 
proved a blessing to the denomination and the 
public. 

Spurgeon, Rev. Charles Haddon, the most 

widely-known preacher of the uge, was born at 
Kelvedon, County of Essex, England, June 19, 
1834. At an early age he was removed to his 
grandfather's house at Stambourne, in the same 



SPURGE ON 



1093 



SPURGE ON 



county, and remained there several yeai's. His 
grandfather, who was the pastor of the Independent 
church of that place, and a man of considerable 
note for his long-continued and useful labors, was 




REV. CHARLES HADDON Sl'L'RGEO.V. 

soon impressed with the child's thoughtfulness and 
keen moral perceptions. Most of the pious people 
who were acquainted with the family seem to have 
anticipated a remarkable career for him, and the 
well-known Rev. Richard Knill, when visiting at 
Stambourne in 1844, was so struck with the boy's 
ability and character that he declared to the as- 
sembled family his " solemn presentiment that this 
child will preach the gospel to thousands, and God 
will bless him to many souls." Having received a 
liberal education at a private academy at Colches- 
ter, he engaged himself in his fifteenth year as 
assistant in a school at Ts^ewmarket conducted by a 
member of the Baptist denomination. This en- 
gagement led to his first associating himself with 
Baptists, his family and friends being all Inde- 
pendents. At this time, however, he had not found 
peace in Christ, although deeply convinced of sin. 
About the close of the year 1850 his distress of 
soul greatly increased, and he attended religious 
services in various places, seeking salvation in vain, 
until on December 15 he happened to go into a 
Primitive Methodist chapel in Colchester, and heard 
a sermon on the text, " Look unto me, and be ye 
saved." From that hour he rejoiced in salvation. 
He now felt it his duty to make a profession of his 
faith in Christ, and to unite himself with the Bap- 
tists. Although this step was not altogether pleasing 



to his family, his father and his grandfather being 
Pedobaptist ministers, they at length yielded to his 
wishes, and he was baptized May 3, 1851. A year 
afterwards he removed to Cambridge, still con- 
tinuing to teach as an usher, or assistant master. 
Having joined the old Baptist church in St. An- 
drew's Street, of which Robert Hall and Robert 
Robinson had been pastors, he soon found a con- 
genial sphere of work in connection with "The 
Lay-Preachers' Association." He became a wel- 
come visitor at the thirteen village stations sup- 
plied by this body, and in 1852 he was invited 
by the little church at Waterbeach to assume the 
pastoral charge. His family and friends wished 
him to enter a theological seminary, and steps 
were taken to introduce him to Dr. Angus, the 
distinguished president of Regent's Park College. 
Through a misunderstanding the proposed meet- 
ing did not take place, and he continued at Water- 
beach. His ministry there was so eminently suc- 
cessful that in the autumn of 1853 the deacons 
of the ancient church in Southwark, London, the 
church of Benjamin Keach, Dr. Gill, and Dr. Rip- 
pon, were led to invite him to supply the pulpit. 
For some time the congregation there had been 
dwindling away, and at his first service there were 
only 200 attendants in a building capable of hold- 
ing 1200. The result of the first sermon was a 
great increase in the evening attendance, and an 
invitation to come again as soon as possible. After 
three more Sundays he was asked to supply for six 
months with a view to a permanent settlement as 
pastor. He agreed to come for three months. Be- 
fore the three months had passed away the small 
minority who had opposed the motion to call him 
to the pastorate were absorbed into the majority, 
and on April 28, 1854, he accepted their cordial and 
unanimous call. His metropolitan ministry was a 
grand success from the start. All London was soon 
talking of the youthful Whitefield who had been dis- 
covered in a Cambridgeshire village. From Lon- 
don his fame spread throughout the land. Within a 
year the church edifice had to be enlarged. During 
the alterations Exeter Hall was hired, and over- 
flowing congregations in that spacious and central 
place attracted towards him the attention and crit- 
icism of the press. His " Exeter Hall Sermons' 
were published and had an extensive sale. Invita- 
tions to preach flowed in upon him from all quar- 
ters, to which he readily responded. In 1856, the 
enlarged chapel having proved utterly inadequate 
to accommodate the crowds who flocked to hear 
him, he commenced preaching in the Music Hall 
of the Surrey Gardens, an immense building, which, 
although capable of seating 7000, was always 
densely crowded. Here notable persons of all 
sorts were frequently seen curiously studying this 
pulpit phenomenon. But, of course, the Slusic 



SPURGE ON 



1095 



STANDARD 



Hall could not be the home of a church, and in 
August, 1859, the fuundation-stone of the Metro- 
politan Tabernacle was laid. The structure was 
completed in March, 1861, and at the conclusion of 
aseriesof opening services the entire cost, £31,000 
($150,000), was contributed. Subsequentimprove- 
ments have enlarged the accommodations, and there 
are now seats for 5500 persons, and standing-room 
for 1000 more. It is well known that the congre- 
gations always fill the place on Sundays when Mr. 
.Spurgeon preaches. When the church took pos- 
session of the Tabernacle there were 1 178 members 
on the roll ; there are now upwards of 5500. Mr. 
Spurgeon's frequent attacks of illness, and the 
great increase of the membership, led the church, 
in 1868, to appoint his brother, the Rev. James 
Archer Spurgeon, as co-pastor, and this fellowship 
in service is still harmoniously and prosperously 
maintained. Besides his pulpit labors, Mr. Spur- 
geon's pen is ever busy. Ilis contributions to the 
press and to theological literature rank him with 
the most eminent masters of style, and are scarcely 
less effective than his preaching. He is also among 
tiie most active leaders in philantin-opic work, and 
princely in his gifts. An orphanage for boys was 
commenced in 1867, and one for girls in 1880, at 
Stockwell, London. In these buildings 500 or 600 
fatherless children are received, being admitted 
between the ages of six and ten years, and remain- 
ing until they are fourteen. The most needy appli- 
cants are generally preferred Ijy the trustees, with- 
out regard to sectarian distinctions. Mr. Spurgeon"s 
remarkable faculty of administration has made the 
Stockwell Orphanage famous auiong works of be- 
nevolence. Early in his ministry he comuienced 
at his own charge the enterprise which has devel- 
oped into the Pastors' College, from which institu- 
tion some hundreds of students have gone forth as 
preachers and missionaries. In 1865 he started a 
monthly magazine, the Sword and Trowel, pur- 
posing to make it the foster-parent of the college 
and orphanage, and the project has proved every 
way successful. A Colportage Association and 
Mrs. Spurgeon's Book Fund to provide free gifts 
of books for poor pastors, are valuable adjuncts to 
the colossal work of which the Tabernacle is the 
centre. Week by week for upwards of twenty-five 
years a sermon by Mr. Spurgeon has been pub- 
lished, and not a few of them have had a remark- 
ably large sale. They have been translated into 
several languages, and their entire circulation is 
probably unparalleled. Mr. Spurgeon has two 
sons, twins. Both are preachers, and one is pastor 
of a Baptist church at Greenwich, near London. 

Spurgeon, James Archer, co-pastor of the 

Metropolitan Tabernacle, London, and only brother 
of the senior pastor, studied at Regent's Park Col- 
lege, and began his regular ministry at Southamp- 



ton in 1859. Subsequently he became pastor of a 
church at Croydon, near London, at the same time 
assisting in tutorial work at the Pastors' College. 
In 1868 he was invited to his present position, in 
which he has won the confidence and esteem of the 
denomination. 

Stackelford, Josephus, D.D., was born in 
Portsmouth, Va., Feb. 6, 1830 ; baptized by Rev. 
Martin Ball, in Mississippi, in 1849; graduated 
from Mercer University in 1855, and ordained the 
same year at Pontotoc ; after a brief missionary 
work in Memphis, Tenn., he accepted the presi- 
dency of the Baptist Female College at Moulton, 
Ala., in 1856, which was flourishing until broken 
up by the war. He then entered the army of the 
Confederate States as captain of cavalry, and be- 
came chaplain in 1863. Retiring from the army in 
1864, he reopened his school ; constantly had charge 
of churches while he was teaching. In 1865 he 
commenced in Moulton the publication of the 
Christian, Herald, then the only Baptist paper in 
the State. It was published for some time in Tus- 
cumbia, and then in Nashville, until purchased by 
the proprietors of the Christian Index. He was 
pastor in Tuscumbia for quite a number of years. 
In 1876 he removed to Forest City, Ark., as pastor, 
and was president of the Baptist College in that 
place. Returned to Alabama in 1879, and took 
charge of the high school at Trinity, where he still 
presides, having charge of several churches. The 
degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him 
by the Alabama Agricultural College in 1872. Dr. 
Stackelford stood for many years as our most dis- 
tinguished minister in North Alabama. 

Stallings, Rev. J. N. — The son of a useful 
Baptist minister, Mr. Stallings was converted at 
the University of North Carolina ; read and prac- 
tised law for several years before he began to 
preach, and has combined in himself several differ- 
ent pursuits at the same time. Just now he is 
pastor, teacher, and editor : for many years he was 
pastor, attorney, and editor, and has been in poli- 
tics somewhat, having represented his county, Dup- 
lin, in the State convention of 1875. He is prin- 
j cipal of the Warsaw High School and a very useful 
man. 

Standard, The. — In the year 1853 the subscrip- 
tion list of the Watchman of the Prairies, pub- 
lished at Chicago, was purchased from Rev. Luther 
Stone by Rev. J. C. Burroughs, then pastor of the 
First Baptist church in Chicago. The new paper. 
The Christian Times, was for some months con- 
ducted by Mr. Burroughs, in association with Rev. 
H. G. Weston, of Peoria, and Rev. A. J. Joslyn, 
of Elgin. In November, 1853, Rev. Leroy Church 
and Rev. J. A. Smith became joint proprietors and 
editors of the paper, the pi-oprietary interest of the 
latter, however, being soon transferred to Rev. J. 



L 



STANFORD 



1096 



STAUGHTON 



F. Child, who was succeeded in the proprietor- 
ship by Edward Goodman. By Messrs. Church & 
Goodman the paper continued to be published until 
Jan. 1, 1875, when the interest of Mr. Church was 
purchased by Dr. J. S. Diokerson, of Boston, who 
removed to Chicago and became connected with the 
paper as joint editor and joint proprietor. Upon 
his death, in March, 1876, his proprietary interest 
passed to his widow, Mrs. Emma R. Diokerson. 
His eldest son, J. Spencer Dickerson, lias since be- 
come also a member of the firm, whicii is now 
known as Goodman & Dickerson. 

During the twenty-seven years of its history the 
paper has consolidated with itself The Illinois Bap- 
tist, published for several years at Bloomington, 
111., by Dr. H. J. Eddy ; The Witness, at Indian- 
apolis, by Rev. M. G. Clarke, — at whicli time its 
name was changed to The Christian Times and 
Witness, — and The Michigan Christian Herald, of 
Detroit. At the time of the last-named consolida- 
tion the name was changed to The Standard, the 
name by which it is now known. 

I'he Standard is the denominational organ for 
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, 
Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Dakota, and 
Wyoining, with a circulation, also, in all the States 
and Territories of the Union ; its circulation, in 
fact, having become strictly national. It now ranks 
second in the number of its subscribers and read- 
ers in the list of American Baptist journals. Rev. 
J. A. Smith, D.D., has been connected with the 
paper since 1853 either as associate editor or editor- 
in-chief, in which latter capacity he still serves. 

Stanford, John, D.D., was born Oct. 20, 1754, 
in Wandsworth, Surrey, England. In early life 
the Saviour found him, and revealed himself to 
him. He united with the Baptist church in Maze- 
Pond, London. He was ordained, and served the 
church at Hammersmith for a few years as pastor. 
In 1786 he arrived in Norfolk, Va., but soon after 
sailed for New York ; thei-e he opened a seminary, 
and he received the patronage of many respect- 
able (iimilies. He preached for the Rev. John Gano 
and others with such power that his time on Lord's 
days was continually occupied in that blessed work. 
For one year he was pastor of the First church of 
Providence, R. I., to their great satisfaction. He, 
however, felt a peculiar call to preach for nothing, 
and to teach for a living. He returned to New York, 
and carried out his plan for thirty-six years. 

In 1813 he was appointed chaplain of the alms- 
house and city hospital and of the State prison ; 
along with these institutions he regularly ministered 
at the orphan asylum, the penitentiary, lunatic 
asylum, debtors' prison, and the house of refuge. 
Several of the benevolent institutions of New 
York were largely indebted to him for their exist- 
ence. His influence was so great that the city 



authorities and the citizens generally were prompt 
in carrying out his plans. He was justly regarded 
as " one of the most practical and distinguished 
philanthropists of modern times." He died Jan. 
14, 1834. In 1830 Union College, Schenectady, 
conferred upon hira the degree of Doctor of Di- 
vinity. 

Stapp, Hon, Milton, was born in Scott Co., 
Ky., in 1793. He studied and practised law; was 
for a number of years a member of the Indiana 
Legislature, and was Speaker of the house, first at 
Corydon and afterwards at Indianapolis. He was 
regarded as the leader of the internal improvement 
system of the State. He was for four years lieu- 
tenant-governor, and was the first fund commis- 
sioner. He was for several years internal revenue 
collector at Galveston, Texas. He was for a num- 
ber of years mayor of Madison, Ind., his home. 
He became a member of the Madison Baptist 
church in 1844, and was an active Christian. He 
was for six consecutive years president of the In- 
diana Baptist State Convention, and was president 
of the board of trustees of Franklin College during 
several different years. He was sanguine, and 
scarcely ever failed in accomplishing what he un- 
dertook. " He did more for his city and county 
than any other man who ever lived in it." 

He died in Galveston, Texas, in 1870, in his sev- 
enty-seventh year, and his remains were brought 
to his old home for burial. 

Starkville Female Institute, located at Stark- 
ville. Miss., was founded by Rev. T. G. Sellers, who 
is principal. 

Staughton, Wm., D.D., one of the first of 
American preachers and educators, was born at 
Coventry, England, Jan. 4, 1770. At the age of 
twelve he wrote poems from Goldsmith's " Ani- 
mated Nature," which were published, and thought 
to indicate great native talent. Having been bap- 
tized at the age of seventeen by Rev. .Samuel 
Pearce, of Birmingham, he turned his attention 
to the ministry, and took a thorough course of 
study at Bristol College, graduating about the year 
1792. At this time he was called to succeed 
Dr. Ryland at Northampton, but feeling drawn 
towards America, he left England in 1793, and be- 
came pastor at Georgetown, S. C, where he re- 
mained eighteen months. Becoming dissatisfied 
with the Southern climate he went North, and be- 
came pastor of the church and principal of the 
seminary at Bordentown, N. J. This was followed 
by pastorates at Jacobstown and Burlington, N. J., 
at which latter place he remained until 1805, when 
he became pastor of the First church, Philadelphia, 
Pa., a position which he retained until 1811, when 
he resigned to accept the pastorate of a colony from 
the First church, called the Sansom Street church. 
In this latter position he remained with wonderful 



STEARNS 



1097 



STEARNS 



success until 1823, when he removed to Washing- 
ton to assume the presidency of Columbian College, 
to which he had been elected in 1821. Here he 
continued until April 3, 1829, when he resigned 
his connection with the college, and returned to 
Philadelphia. In August of the same year he was 
elected president of Georgetown College, Ky., and 
in October started for this new field of labor. At 
Washington, D. C, he was taken sick, and died 
Dec. 12, 1829, in the sixtieth year of his age. 

Dr. Staughton was a man of wonderful elo- 
quence. During his long ministry in Philadelphia 
he was recognized as the leader of his profession, 
and invariably preached to crowded houses. He 
was profoundly interested in education. Before 
coming to Philadelphia he was constantly engaged 
in teaching, and while in Philadelphia was princi- 
pal of a Baptist theological institution for the train- 
ing of ministers. It was his custom also to deliver 
lectures in select sciiools on various subjects, par- 
ticularly the subject of botany, in which he was an 
adept. He was the first corresponding secretary 
of the Amei-ican Baptist Board of Foreign Mis- 
sions, and through his whole life gave much time 
and toil to the missionary cause. He was also the 
father of the Philadelphia Bible Society, the first 
female Bible society in the world. In all this 
varied work he exhibited a zeal and industry 
which made him the admiration of his time. Tra- 
ditions of his eloquence and power still linger about 
the scenes of his active life, and keep alive the 
memory of his name. (See portrait in Appendix.) 

At the early age of twenty-eight he received the 
degree of D.D. from Princeton College. He was 
twice married. His first wife, Maria Hanson, died 
in January, 1823, and his second wife, Anna C. 
Peale, who survived him, in 1878. A memoir of 
Dr. Staughton was published by his son-in-law, 
Rev. S. W. Lynd, D.D., in 1834. 

Stearns, Rev. Harrison William, was born 
in Conway, Jlass., in October, 1848 ; educated at 
Brown University, from which he graduated in 
1867, and at Newton Theological Seminary, from 
which he graduated in 1870, and was ordained the 
same year. He was settled as pastor at Minneap- 
olis, Minn., two years, and at Clinton, AVis., six 
years. He has been the pioneer church and Sun- 
day-school missionary of the Wisconsin Baptist 
State Convention two years, and holds the position 
now. He has planted a number of churches and 
organized Sunday-schools in the new settlements 
in the northern portion of the State. He is giving 
his best strength to the mission work of the State., 
His ideal of a new church, founded according to 
the New Testament model, is lofty and grand. He 
delights in this foundation work, and he is pre- 
eminently fitted for it. He is a safe, devoted, and 
consecrated servant of Jesus Christ. 
70 



Stearns, Prof. John William, son of Rov. 0. 
0. Stearns, of Lodi, AVis., is a native of Sturbridge, 
Mass., where he was born in 1840. In 1852 liis 
father removed with his family to Racine, Wis., 
and assumed the pastorate of the Baptist church 
in that place. Here young Stearns was fitted for 
college at the Racine High School. In 1854 he 
entered the Freshman class at Harvard University, 
Mass., from which he was graduated in 1860. 
In 1865 he received the appointment of Professor 
of Latin in the University of Chicago. In 1874, 
having been tendered the position of director of 
the National Normal School at Tucuman, in the 
Argentine Republic, he resigned his professorship 
in the University of Chicago to accept one in the 
National Normal School in the Argentine Republic. 
Returning in 1878, after having spent some months 
in Europe, he was elected, in August of the same 
year, president of the State Normal College at 
Whitewater, Wis., the oldest and most important 
of her four normal colleges. 

Prof Stearns published in the North American 
Review for July, 1860, " Homer and his Heroines ;" 
in the Christian Review for 1864, "The Miltonic 
Deity;" and in the Baptist Quarterly, "The Em- 
peror Marcus Aurelius." 

Prof. Stearns is a fine specimen of thorough 
scholarship and noble character. His rise to emi- 
nence is the result of hard study in his early youth, 
laying a thorough foundation for the future struc- 
ture, and subsequent intense study and application. 
He is aesthetic in his tastes, refined in his ideas, 
and profoundly consecrated to his profession. At 
the age of forty years he has succeeded in taking a 
place in the front rank of American educators. 

Stearns, Rev. Myron M"., was an earnest, able, 
and evangelical missionary, pastor, and preacher 
in Oregon. He was born at Monkton, Vt., Jan. 1, 
1812, and was baptized at the age of seventeen in 
Essex, N. Y. Having a great desire to preach the 
gospel, he obtained a good education at Brown 
University and at Denison, 0. He served for 
some years successively the churches at London- 
ville, 6., Jericho, Vt., and Plattsburg, N. Y. In 
1854 he accepted a call to the Table Rock church, 
Oregon, where he was pastor four years. In 1858 
he accepted the position of principal of the Rose- 
burg Academy. Two years later he settled upon 
a farm in order to support his family, preaching 
nearly every Lord's day to the poor in the desti- 
tute regions of the State. In 1864 he settled at 
Oregon City, and gave himself wholly to the work 
of a missionary evangelist until, in 1867, lie re- 
moved to Santa Clara, Cal., and was pastor of the 
church in that city until his death, Dec. 29, 1868. 

Stearns, Oakman S., D.D., a son of Rev. Silas 
Stearns, was born in Bath, Me., in 1818, and gradu- 
ated at AVaterville College in the class of 1840, and 



STEARNS 



1098 



STEARNS 



at Newton in the class of 1846. He was instructor 
in Hebrew at Newton one year, 1846-47. His 
ordination took place May 19, 1847, and he became 
pastor of the Baptist church in Southbridge, Mass. 
The relation continued for seven years. For one 
year he was pastor in Newark, N. J., and then be- 
came pastor of the church at Newton Centre, where 
he remained thirteen years. In 1868 he was ap- 
pointed Professor of Old Testament Interpretation, 
which position he now holds. 

The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred 
on Dr. Stearns in 1863 by Colby University, of 
which he is a trustee. 

Prof. Stearns has eminent qualifications for the 
position he occupies, and enjoys the grateful love 
of the students, to whom his instructions have 
been of priceless value. 

Stearns, Rev. Orrin Orlando, is a native of 
Monkton, Addison Co., Vt., where he was born in 
February, 1810. His childhood was spent in and 
near the place of his birth. He entered Brown Uni- 
versity in 1833, and graduated in the class of 1837. 
Having, soon after his conversion, felt it his duty to 
preach the gospel, he devoted himself to the work 
of the Christian ministry. Soon after graduating 
at Brown University he received an invitation to 
the pastorate of the Baptist church at Sturbridge, 
Mass., and was ordained by that chui-ch Sept. 2S, 
1837. He held pastorates in New England at 
Sturbridge, Mass., and at Hancock, Deerfield, 
Milford, Manchester, N. H., and at Thomaston, Me. 
In these pastorates his ministry was very much 
blessed, the churches were strengthened and built 
up in doctrine and practice, and numerous addi- 
tions were made to the membership. Mr. Stearns's 
ministry in New England was, however, several 
times interrupted by ill health, requiring him to 
abandon temporarily the work of preaching. He 
employed these intervals chiefly in teaching. He 
was principal of the Hancock Literary and Sci- 
entific Institution two years, and of the Rock- 
ingham Academy at Hampton Falls two years. 
While principal of the Hancock Academy he also 
served the Baptist church in Hancock as pastor. 
In 1854, having received an invitation to the pas- 
torate of the Baptist church in Racine, Wis., he 
removed to that State. This pastorate continued 
four years. In 1858 he became the pastor of the 
Baptist church in Winona, Minn. At the end of 
three years, owing to the failure of his health, he 
retired to his farm near Lodi, Dane Co., Wis., 
which has since been his home. His health having 
improved, in 1863 he became the pastor of the 
Baptist church in Lodi, and remained in that re- 
lation ten years, when he retired from the active 
duties of the ministry, having devoted thirty-six 
years to pastoral work. 

Mr. Stearns has always taken a deep interest in 



the work of education. During his pastorate in 
Racine he was superintendent of schools, and has 
act;ed in the same position in Dane County, his 
present place of residence. One of his sons, Prof. 
J. W. Stearns, is president of the Normal College 
at Whitewater, Wis., and another of his sons, C. 
M. Stearns, is a professor in the University of 
Chicago. 

He is thoroughly educated, and has made exten- 
sive acquirements in the knowledge of God's Word. 
Although the full results of his ministry cannot be 
known here, enough fruit appeared in connection 
with his work to attest his eminent usefulness as a 
faithful servant of God, destined to be crowned 
with honor in the day of his Lord's appearing. 

Stearns, Shubal, was born in Boston, Mass., 
Jan. 28, 1706. He was the son of Shubal Stearns 
and Rebecca Larriford. About 1745, Mr. Stearns 
joined the New Lights, as the converted Congre- 
gational communities that originated from the min- 
istry of George Whitefield in New England were 
designated. Called of God to proclaim the un- 
searchable of Christ, he speedily became a minister 
among the pious New Lights, and exercised his 
gifts among them until 1751. At this time, like 
many of his brethren, he was constrained by read- 
ing the Scriptures to accept believer's immersion as 
the baptism of the New Testament ; and after re- 
ceiving this conviction, as the Saviour alone was 
his Master, he came out boldly as a Baptist. He 
was immersed on a profession of his faith, in Tol- 
land, Conn., by Rev. Wait Palmer, in 1751, and on 
May 20th of that year he was ordained to the 
Baptist ministry by Mr. Palmer and Rev. Joshua 
Morse. 

Mr. Stearns received an impression, as he thought 
from God, that there was a great work for him to 
do outside of New England, and he obeyed what 
was undoubtedly a divine call, and started in 1754 
for his expected field of labor. He had no definite 
section to which he directed his steps, but expecting 
divine guidance, he was constantly looking out for 
providential openings. He stopped for a time at 
Opeckon Creek, Va., where there was a church 
under the pastoral care of Rev. S. Ileton. Mr. 
Stearns rested for a short time at Cacapon, near 
Winchester, but anticipating greater success in his 
ministry than he enjoyed in that place, he removed, 
with his relatives, to Sandy Creek, N. C. There, 
as soon as he arrived, he constituted a Baptist 
church of sixteen persons, ".Shubal Steai-ns and 
wife, Peter Stearns and wife, Ebenezer Stearns and 
wife, Shubal Stearns, Jr., and wife, Daniel Mar- 
shall and wife, Joseph Breed and wife, Enos Stimp- 
son and wife, and Jonathan Polk and wife" being 
its constituent members. Shubal Stearns was 
elected pastor of the infant church. These devoted 
servants of God immediately built a meeting-house 



STEARNS 



STEARNS 



for public worship. Daniel Marshall and Joseph 
Breed were appointed to assist the pastor in his 
ministerial duties. 

• In the region around Sandy Creek the people 
knew nothing of the Christian religion except what 
tliey had learned from Episcopal clergymen, who 
in that section, at that time, were unconverted men, 
and their irreligious darkness was dense. The new 
heart to them was an unknown mystery, and paltry 
and commonly unpractised duties, instead of the 
Saviour's sufferings, were the only known means 
of salvation. The instructions of Mr. Stearns and 
the godly lives of the church members were an 
astonishing revelation to their neighbors. Soon 
some of them were called by the Spirit into the 
liberty of the gospel, and their experience filled 
their acquaintances with even greater wonder. A 
mighty outpouring of the Holy Spirit fell upon the 
truth proclaimed by the pastor and the licensed 
preachers of Sandy Creek church, and as a result 
throngs of converts surrounded the gospel banner, 
and mission communities were organized far and 
near. The parent body in a few years had 606 
members, and in seventeen years from its origin it 
had branches southward as far as Georgia, east- 
ward to the sea and the Chesapeake Bay, and 
northward to the waters of the Potomac. It had 
beconae the mother, grandmother, and great-grand- 
mother of forty-two churches, from which 125 min- 
isters were sent out as licentiates or ordained cler- 
j^ymen. And in after-years the power that God 
gave Shubal Stearns and his Sandy Creek church 
in its early years swept over Virginia, North Car- 
olina, Georgia, and South Carolina with resistless 
force, and brought immense throngs to Christ, and 
•established multitudes of Baptist churches. There 
are to-day probably thousands of churches that 
arose from the efforts of Shubal Stearns and the 
■church of Sandy Creek. 

Mr. Stearns traveled extensively in his own re- 
gion, preaching Jesus, organizing churches, and 
giving counsel to the new communities which were 
formed. And his labors in every department of 
Ills work were remarkably blessed. Through him, 
in 1758, three years after the Sandy Creek church 
was formed, the Sandy Creek Association was or- 
ganized. For twelve years all the Separate baptist 
churches in Virginia and the Carolinas were mem- 
bers of this body. All who were able traveled 
from its remote exti'emities to attend its annual 
meetings, which were conducted with great har- 
mony, and afforded such edification as induced them 
to undertake with cheerfulness long and laborious 
journeys. By means of these meetings the gospel 
was carried into many new places where the feme 
of the Baptists had previously spread. As great 
multitudes attended from distant places, chiefly 
through curiosity, many of them were charmed 



with the piety and zeal of this extraordinary peo- 
ple, and petitioned the Association to send preach- 
ers into their neighborhoods. In these Associational 
meetings Shubal Stearns exerted an immense in- 
fluence. Other men among tlie Separate Baptists 
were conspicuous for their ability and usefulness, 
but in the entire body in the several States Mr. 
Stearns wielded a founder's authority. Elder James 
Read, in speaking of the first meeting, says, " The 
great power of God was among us, the preaching 
every day seemed to be attended with God's bless- 
ing. We carried on our Association with sweet 
decorum and fellowship to the end. Then we took 
leave of one another with many solemn charges 
from our reverend old father, Shubal Stearns, to 
stand fast until the end." This Association con- 
ducted its annual meetings without a moderator 
for several years after it was formed, which shows 
the extraordinai-y modesty of Mr. Stearns ; its har- 
mony, when we remember that its members and 
ministers were nearly all new converts without ex- 
perience, proclaims the great power possessed by 
Mr. Stearns in its deliberations. 

The founder of Sandy Creek church " was of 
small stature, had a very expressive and penetrating 
eye, and a voice singularly harmonious; his ene- 
mies, it is said, were sometimes captivated by his 
musical voice. Many things are related of the en- 
chanting sound of his voice, and the glance of his 
eyes, which had a meaning in every movement." 
" He managed his voice in such a way as to make 
soft impressions upon the heart and bring tears 
from the eyes, and anon to shake the very nerves 
and throw the physical system into tumults and 
perturbations. All the Separate Baptists copied 
after hiin in tones of voice and actions of body." 
" When the fame of the preaching of Mr. Stearns 
reached the Yadkin, where I lived," says Mr. Tid- 
ance Lane, " I had a curiosity to go and hear him. 
Upon my arrival I saw a venerable old man sitting 
under a peach-tree with a book in his hand and the 
people gathering about him. He fixed his eyes 
upon me immediately, which made me feel in such 
a manner as I never had felt before. I turned to 
quit the place, but could not proceed far-, I walked 
about, sometimes catching his eyes as I walked. 
My uneasiness increased and became intolerable. 
I went up to him thinking that a salutation and 
shaking hands would relieve me, but it happened 
otherwise. I began to think that he had an evil 
eye, and ought to be shunned, but shunning him I 
could no more efi'ect than a bird can shun the rat- 
tlesnake when it fixes its eyes upon it. When he 
began to preach my perturbations increased, so 
that nature could no longer support them, and I 
sank to the ground." Mr. Lane afterwards became 
a very useful Baptist minister. 

It is related on the best authority that " Elna- 



STEAENS 



1100 



STEELE 



than Davis had heard that one John Steward was 
to be baptized by Mr. Stearns on a particular day, 
and, as Steward was a large man and Stearns of 
small stature, he concluded that there would be 
some diversion, if not drowning. Therefore he 
gathered about eight or ten of his companions in 
wickedness and went to the spot. When Mr. 
Stearns began to preach Einathan drew near to 
iiear him, while his companions kept at a distance. 
He was no sooner among the crowd than he per- 
ceived that some of the people began to tremble as 
if in a fit of the ague. He felt and examined, to 
see if it was not a pretense. Meanwhile one man 
leaned on his shoulder, weeping bitterly. Eina- 
than, perceiving that he had wet his new white 
coat, pushed him off, and ran to his companions, 
who were sitting on a log away from the congre- 
gation, to one of whom, in answer to his inquiry, 
he said, ' There is a trembling and crying spirit 
among them, but whether it be the Spirit of God 
or the devil, I do not know. If it be the devil, the 
devil go with them, for I will never more venture 
myself among them !' He stood awhile in that 
resolution, but the enchantment of Mr. Stearns's 
voice drew him to the crowd once more. He had 
not been long there before the trembling seized 
him also. He attempted to withdraw, but his 
strength failing, and his understanding being con- 
founded, he, with many others, sank to the ground. 
When he came to himself he found nothing in him 
but dread and anxiety, boi'dering on horror. He 
continued in this situation some days, and then 
found relief by faith in Christ." Mr. Davis after- 
wards became a successful minister of Jesus. We 
mention these two well-known cases as illustrations 
of the extraordinary power attending the preaching 
of Shubal Stearns. 

That he had a remarkable voice and eye is un- 
questionable ; but he was eloquent, wise, humble, 
pathetic, full of faith, and wholly consecrated to 
God, and few men ever enjoyed more of the 
Spirit's presence in the closet and in preaching the 
gospel. He was undoubtedly one of the greatest 
ministers that ever presented Jesus to perishing 
multitudes, and one of the most successful soul- 
winners that ever unfurled the banner of Calvary. 
Had he been a Romish priest, with as flattering a 
record of service to the church of the popes, long 
since he would have been canonized, and declared 
the "patron saint" of North Carolina, and fervent 
supplications would have ascended to the most 
blessed of American intercessors from devout Cath- 
olics, and stately churches would have been dedi- 
cated to the holy and blessed St. Shubal Stearns, 
the apostle of North Carolina and the adjacent 
States. 

Mr. Stearns died Nov. 20, 1771, and his n 
were interred near the Sandy Creek church. 



Stearns, Rev. Silas, was bom in Waltham, 
Mass., July 26, 1784. In the year 1804 he was 
baptized by Rev. Dr. Stillman, of Boston, and, 
impelled by the warmth of his newly-found love 
for the Saviour, he longed to preach the gospel 
and win souls to Christ. He spared no pains in 
faithful preparation for the ministry, devoting 
such spare time as he could secure for several 
years, to earnest study, until, in the judgment of 
his friends, he was deemed to have made sufficient 
progress to justify his receiving a regular license 
from the church in North Yarmouth, Me., to do 
the work of an evangelist. Having done good ser- 
vice for his Master in Freeport, Me., he removed to 
Bath, .then a pleasant town on the Kennebec River, 
and there gathered a small Baptist church, which 
was recognized Oct. 30, 1810. For over thirty years 
he preached to the church in Bath, and was hon- 
ored and loved for his great sincerity and un- 
wearied devotion to his work. It can with truth 
be said of him, he was a good man and full of the 
Holy Ghost and of faith. 

Steele, Miss Anna, was the daughter of a Bap- 
tist minister of Broughton, England. In early life 
she learned to cultivate the poetical taste with 
which her Creator had endowed her, and she suc- 
ceeded so well that some of her hymns have been 
regarded by competent judges as equal to the 
sacred songs of Charles Wesley or Augustus Top- 
lady ; and of her psalms it has been said that "in 
literalness, smoothness, and evangelical power they 
may almost compare with those of Dr. Watts." 

The first lines of some of her hymns will be rec- 
ognized by almost every Christian who speaks the 
English language, — " The Saviour ! oh what end- 
less charms," "Come, weary souls, with sins dis- 
tressed," "Jesus, the spring of joys divine," 
" Father of mercies, in thy word," " He lives, the 
great Redeemer lives," "The Saviour calls, let 
every ear," "Jesus, in thy transporting name," 
" Come ye that love the Saviour's name," "Stretched 
on the cross, the Saviour dies," " While my Re- 
deemer's near," " How oft, alas ! this wretched 
heart," " Ye glittering toys of earth, adieu !" 

While her productions were chiefly devotional, 
she composed other poems of great beauty. Miss 
Steele possessed talents of a high order, and has 
wielded over the hearts of Christians a vast influ- 
ence for more than a century ; and such are the 
beauty and sweetness of her sacred songs that they 
will guide the thoughts and afi"ections of Christians 
while the Anglo-Saxon tongue is spoken by mor- 
tals. She died about 1779. Two volumes of her 
poetry were published during her life, and a third 
soon after her death. 

Steele, Rev. D. A., A.M., was born in Here- 
fordshire, England, in 1838 ; converted and bap- 
tized in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1857 ; is a grad- 



STENNETT 



1101 



STENNETT 



uate of Acadia College ; ordained June 20, 1865, 
at Wolfville, Nova Scotia ; pastor at Canso, 1865- 
67 : became, in 1867, pastor of the Baptist church 
of Amherst, Nova Scotia, where he continues to 
minister with ability and success. 

Stennett, Rev. Joseph, was born at Abingdon, 
County of Berks, England, in 1663. His father, 
Hdward Stennett, was a clergyman of some dis- 
tinction and of considerable suffering during the 
Parliamentary war. With the blessing of God 
upon the prayers and efforts of his pious parents, 
Joseph Stennett was born again in very early 
life. • 

After finishing the ordinary branches of his edu- 
cation he mastered the French and Italian lan- 
guages, acquired a thorough knowledge of Hebrew 
and other Oriental tongues, and successfully studied 
philosophy and the liberal sciences. 

He came to London in 1685, and on the 4th of 
Mai-ch. 1690, he was ordained pastor of the 
Seventh-Day Baptist church, meeting in Pinner's 
Hall. He preached on Sunday to other Baptist 
churches, but he remained the faithful pastor of 
the Pinner's Hall church till his death. His pol- 
ished manners, ready address, fine intellect, and 
extensive learning speedily gave him a high posi- 
tion among the Baptists, and, a little later, in other 
denominations. At the request of the Baptists he 
drew up and presented an address to William III. 
on his deliverance from the " Assassination Plot." 
This document was highly commended. When he 
published his thanksgiving sermon for the victory 
at Hochstedt, in 1704, a nobleman, without his 
knowledge, presented a copy of it to the queen 
(Anne), with which her majesty was so pleased 
that she sent a gift to the eloquent and patriotic 
minister. He composed beautiful hymns, which 
are still used in the churches, which drew forth 
commendations from Mr, Tate, the poet laureate. 
His version of the •' Songs of Solomon,'' and his 
hymns, secured such a reputation for him as a poet 
and Hebrew scholar that he received an applica- 
tion to revise the English version of the Psalms of 
David. Dr. Sharp, archbishop of York, speaking 
of this proposition, declared that " he had heard 
such a character of Mr. Stennett, not only for his 
skill in poetry, but likewise in the Hebrew tongue, 
that he thought no man more fit for that work than 
he." In 1702, when David Russen assailed the 
Baptists in his book " Fundamentals Without a 
Foundation, or a True Picture of the Anabaptists," 
Mr. Stennett was invited to refute the work ; and 
he accomplished the task with so much learning, 
such solid reasoning, and such nn utter rout of all 
the forces of Mr. Russen, that he was satisfied 
never again to meddle with the Baptists. The 
reputation he acquired by quieting David Russen 
prompted his friends to secure his services to write 



I a complete history of Baptism. He intended to 
j comply with this service if his life should be 
1 spared, and for some years he collected materials 
1 for it, but he was unable to carry out his design. 
He was offered preferment in the Episcopal 
Church, and there is reason to believe that he 
could have reached an exalted position in it, but 
the conscience of Mr. Stennett was not for sale, 
though all the wealth of earth had been offered for 
it. He died July 11, 1713. His works, in four 
octavo volumes, were published in 1732, and a 
fifth, containing his reply to Mi-. Russen, was de- 
signed to follow. 

Stennett, Joseph, D.D., was born in London, 
Nov. 6, 1692. His educational advantages, of 
which he made the best use, were of the highest 
order. At fifteen he gave himself to the Saviour, 
and he was baptized. At twenty-two he entered 
upon the Christian ministry; twenty-three years 
afterwards he came to London as pastor of the 
church in Little Wild Street. Dr. Gill preached 
one of the two sermons delivered on the occasion 
of his settlement in London. At that time he was 
in possession of splendid powers, matured by a 
wide range of experience, and by information from 
all ages and regions. He was among the most 
eloquent preachers of the day, and soon his talents 
I were recognized all over the metropolis of Britain. 
I He was on agreeable terms with Dr. Gibson, bishop 
j of London, a true follower of Jesus. He was per- 
sonally known to King George II., who cherished 
a warm regard for him. He was an eloquent de- 
fender of the doctrines of grace against Socinian- 
ism. On behalf of the Dissenting ministers of the 
] " Three denominations in London (Congregational, 
j Baptist, and Presbyterian), on Oct. 3, 1745, Mr. 
Stennett presented an address to the king, con- 
1 gratulating his majesty on his return to England, 
on the triumph of his arms in America, and on his 
j successes on the continent of Europe." The ad- 
dress also deprecated " the present unnatural and 
rebellious attempt to impose upon these kingdoms 
a papist (Charles Edward) and an abjured Pre- 
I tender." 

; The University of Edinburgh, in 1754, created 
him Doctor of Divinity on the '" recommendation 
of his royal highness the Duke of Cumberland, 
their chancellor," who sent Mr. Stennett the 
diploma by his secretary. 

Dr. Stennett died Feb. 7, 1758, in the sixty-sixth 
year of his age. His funeral sermon was preached 
by Dr. Gill, and in it he stated that " his death 
was a public loss, particularly to the whole Dis- 
senting interest." Dr. Stennett was a Seventh- 
Day Baptist, though pastor of a regular Baptist 
church. He was the author of eight small works. 
Stennett, Samnel, D.D., was bom in Exeter in 
1727, and converted and baptized when young. 



STEPHENS 



1102 



STEVENS 



Like his father, he was a man of superior talents 
and of great erudition. Iviiney says, " His pro-- 
ficiency in Greek, Latin, and the Oriental tongues, 
and his extensive acquaintance with sacred litera- 
ture, are so abundantly displayed in his valuable 
works that they cannot fail to establish his reputa- 
tion for learning and genius."' He had been accus- 
tomed to move in the society of persons of refine- 
ment, and, on entering upon his pastoral duties in 
London, he was remarkable for the ease and suavity 
of his manners, for the good breeding, the pol- 
ished language, and the graceful ways of the true 
gentleman. He was frequently in company with 
persons enjoying the highest social distinction, and 
in such situations as gave him an opportunity to 
commend Baptists and aid Dissenters of all denom- 
inations. In 1763 he was made a Doctor of Divin- 
ity by King's College, Aberdeen. Among the noble 
men who waited upon liis ministry and loved him 
with the affection of a friend was John Howard, the 
philanthropist. In a letter from Smyrna, written 
to Dr. Stennett Aug. 11, 1786, Mr. Howard says, 
"I bless God for your ministry ; I pray God to re- 
ward you a thousandfold. My friend, you have an 
honorable work ; many seals you have to your 
ministry." 

The meeting-house was rebuilt during the min- 
istry of Dr. Stennett. He fell asleep in Jesus Aug. 
24, 1795, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. He 
ministered to the Little Wild Street church, as as- 
sistant and successor to his father, for forty-seven 
years. His father, Joseph Stennett, D.D., his 
grandfather, Joseph Stennett, his great-grand- 
father, Edward Stennett, his brother, Joseph Sten- 
nett, and his son, Joseph Stennett, were all Baptist 
ministers. 

Most of the works of Dr. Samuel Stennett were 
reprinted, in 1784, in three octavo volumes. In 
1772 he published a work entitled " Remarks on 
the Christian Minister's Reasons for Administering 
Baptism by Sprinkling." This was a duodecimo 
of 170 pages. In 1775 he issued a volume of 300 
pages, called " An Answer to the Christian Minis- 
ter's Reasons for Baptizing Infants." He was also 
the author of two productions treating of appeals 
to Parliament by Protestant Dissenters for relief 
from persecuting enactments ; these are not found 
in liis collected works. 

Stephens College is located at Columbia, Mo., 
and has for years ranked among the first ladies' 
schools of the State. Prof. R. P. Rider is the 
principal. 

The literary course is divided into seven distinct 
schools. Its students are admitted to lectures in 
the State University. Teachers of ability and ex- 
perience are employed. In 1880 it had 14 teachers 
and 170 students. 

Stephens, James L., was born in Garrard Co., 



Ky., Nov. 17, 1815. His father was of English de- 
scent and his mother of Scotch. His father re- 
moved to Missouri in 1819, and located in Boone 
County. He was a man of culture, with a fine 
library. His son, James L., was a clerk, in 1836, 
in a store in Columbia, where he has resided ever 
since, except for a short time. J. L. Stephens has 
been a leading man in Central Missouri in busi- 
ness, educational, and religious interests. He wns^ 
active in securing the location of the State Univer- 
sity at Columbia, and his liberal donation caused 
Stephens College, of Columbia, |o be named aftei- 
him. He also contributed generously to Williami 
Jewell College, at Liberty. He was nominated for 
governor of Missouri, and made an honorable 
canvass. 

He married Amelia Hockaday, daughter of Judge 
J. 0. Hockaday, of Fulton, Mo. Mr. Stephens and 
his family are members of the Baptist Church, and 
to religious and educational interests he gives much 
of his time. 

Sterry, Rev. John, son of Roger and Abby 
(Holmes) Sterry, was born in Providence, R. I., in 
1766. His father was an Englishman, but his 
mother was from Stonington, Conn. Related to 
Gov. Fenner, he had good educational advantages,, 
and studied for a time in Brown University. He and 
his brother, Consider Sterry, were eminent mathe- 
maticians, and published a volume on mathematics, 
at which time John learned the printer's trade. 
Near 1790 he removed to Norwich, Conn., where 
he established himself as a printer, book-binder, 
bookseller, paper-maker, author, and publisher. 
On his conversion, after settling in Norwich, he 
became a Baptist, and in 1800 founded the First 
Baptist church in that city, of which he was or- 
dained the pastor Dec. 25, 1800. Under his min- 
istry were revivals of power in 1816, 1817, and 
1819. He was the joint author with his brother of 
two mathematical works, " The American Youths' 
Arithmetic and Algebra," and "Arithmetic for the 
Use of Schools in the United States," favorably 
noticed in England. He assisted Mr. Nathan Da- 
boll in his almanacs, and Rev. William Northup 
in preparing his hymn-book. He invented the art 
of marbling paper, and an improved method of 
bleaching cottons, that was adopted in Rhode 
Island. He was the chief party in editing and pub- 
lishing The True Republican, a paper that was 
strongly Republican in doctrine, and did service in 
securing the full i-ecognition of religious liberty in 
the constitution of Connecticut. Mr. Sterry was a 
strong thinker, able writer, logical preacher, de- 
voted Christian, and faithful advocate of all the- 
interests of the people. In his day he was an effi- 
cient toiler and wise leader. He died in Norwich, 
Nov. 5, 1823, in his fifty-seventh year. 

Stevens, Rev. Adoniram Judson, was born at 



STEVENS 



1103 



STEVENS 



Gaspereaux, Nova Scotia, Dec. 26, 1848. He was 
converted and baptized in Wolfville, Nova Scotia. 
He was a graduate from Acadia College in June, 
1873 ;, studied theology at Newton ; was ordained 
at Kentville, Nova Scotia, in 1873 ; became pastor 
of the Baptist church, Fredericton, New Bruns- 
wick, in 1878, whence he exchanged a useful and 
happy pastorate for higher and unwearying service 
in the upper sanctuary, March 15, 1880. 

Stevens, Rev. Carlos W., was born in Sun- 
bury, Liberty Co., Ga., Sept. 30, 1823. His parents, 
Oliver and Eliza S. Stevens, were members of the 
Baptist Church, and were distinguished for their 
many Christian virtues. From early childhood 
the fruits of his Christian training were manifested 
in Carlos's exemplary deportment at home and 
among his schoolmates. Truthfulness and consci- 
entiousness in the discharge of every duty were 
as distinctive characteristics of his youthful days 
as of his manhood in all the varied relations of 
life. About the fourteenth year of his age he ex- 
perienced converting grace, and his whole subse- 
quent life was an illustration of vital godliness. 
He was prepared for college at the Wasthourville 
Academy, and entered Franklin College, where he 
remained two years, and finished his course prepara- 
tory for the ministry at Mercer University. 

The greater portion of his life was spent in 
preaching the gospel and teaching, in each of which 
vocations he met with commendable success. As 
a'teacher, his discipline was mild, yet decisive ; as a 
pastor, he was indeed the good shepherd, and he 
secured the love and admiration of all with whom 
he associated, and by whom even now his memory 
is cherished with peculiar tenderness. Charity in 
its broadest significance, that of love for all, was 
the crowning glory of his life. In the midst of his 
usefulness, and in the vigor of his manhood, after 
a short illness, he died, at Sparta, Ga., Oct. 31, 
1866. 

Stevens, E. A., D.D., was born in Liberty Co., 
Ga., Jan. 23, 1814. He was a graduate of Brown 
University and of the Newton Theological Institu- 
tion. His appointment to the foreign mission field 
bears the date of June 27, 1836. His ordination 
took place at Ruckerville, Ga., May 6, 1837, and he 
sailed the 28th of the October following from Bos- 
ton for the East, arriving at Maulmain Feb. 19, 
1838. While studying the language he preached 
for a while to the English congregation in Maul- 
main. The theological school for native assistants 
was placed under his charge, and was reopened on 
the 4th of March, 1839, and continued in active 
operation until August, 1841, when it was sus- 
pended for want of funds to carry it on, but it was 
reopened in the summer of 1844. Dr. Stevens 
edited the Religious Ho-ald for several years, be- 
sides attending to all his other duties as pastor, 



preacher, and teacher. The pastorate of the Bur- 
man church was transferred, in 1851, to Dr. Wade, 
thus allowing Dr. Stevens to devote himself more 
closely to the completion of the Burmese dictionary, 
which was left unfinished by Dr. Judson. In 1854, 
Dr. Stevens returned to his native land. He had 
been transferred to the Rangoon, Burman, mission 
previous to his departure, and on his return to 
Burmah, early in 1857, he commenced again his 
labors. A bi-ick chapel was completed and dedi- 
cated Oct. 30, 1859. Year after year Dr. Stevens 
prosecuted his work with untiring industry and 
zeal, and was rewarded by seeing the abundant 
success of his labors. In the early part of 1867 
he had the pleasure of welcoming his son. Rev. E. 
0. Stevens, and wife to be his helpers. In 1875 
he once more returned to this country to i-ecuperate 
his health, remaining here until the fall of 1877. 
He arrived in Rangoon Dec. 27, 1877, and once 
more resumed the busy life he has always led in 
Burmah. 

Stevens, Rev. Georg^e Dana Boardman, the 

pastor of the Baptist church in Bloomington, Wis., 
is a native of South Paris, Me., where he was born 
Sept. 5, 1838. He obtained a hope in Christ at the 
age of twenty, and united with the Baptist Church. 
He graduated from Colby University in the class 
of 1863. In January, 1868, he came to Richland 
Centre, Wis., and engaged in teaching as the prin- 
cipal of the public school in that place. He was 
made superintendent of public instruction fur Rich- 
land County, which position he held for several 
years. It was through his earnest efforts that the 
Baptist church — the first Baptist organization in 
the county— was organized in Richland Centre, and 
its meeting-house built. Having strong convictions 
that it was his duty to preach the gospel, he aban- 
doned teaching and was ordained to the work of 
the Christian ministry by the Richland Centre 
Baptist church, April 6, 1871, and at once became 
the pastor of the church. Dr. Wm. H. Brisbane 
was moderator of the council, and Rev. Joel W. 
Fish preached the sermon. He remained pastor at 
Richland Centre four years, building up the church 
and doing an immense amount of pioneer work in 
the county and surrounding counties. He has been 
for six years the useful and highly esteemed pastor 
of the Baptist church in Bloomington, Wis. 

Stevens, John, D.D., for nearly half a century, 
identified with the leading educational and mis- 
sionary movements among the Baptists of Ohio, 
was born in Townsend, Mass., June 6, 1798. At 
the age of seventeen he was taken by his father, 
Solomon Stevens, a man of the New England type, 
intelligent and strong, to Middlebury, Vt., where, 
in 1817, he entered college, and graduated in 1821. 
After a year of teaching as principal of the Mont- 
pelier Academy, though not then a professing 



STEVENS 



1104 



STEVENS 



Christian, he entered Andover Theological Semi- 
nary, where he greatly enjoyed the instruction of 
Moses Stuart. He had been reared a Congrega- 
tionalist, but being convinced of the truth of Bap- 




JOHN STEVENS, D.D. 

tist doctrines while yet in the seminary, in 1823, 
he was baptized by Dr. Lucius Bolles at Salem, 
Mass. In 1825, at the urgent solicitation of Pres- 
ident Bates, he broke off his theological studies, in 
which, by extreme assiduity, he had injured his 
health, and became classical tutor in Middlebury 
College, where he taught with great success for 
three years. For another three years he was clas- 
sical tutor in the academy at South Reading (now 
Wakefield), Mass. This position he resigned to go 
to Ohio. 

His first service in Ohio was rendered as editor 
of the Baptist Weekly Journal, a new religious 
newspaper for the Mississippi Valley, established 
in 1831. He continued in this position seven years, 
and did a generally successful work in the midst 
of much difficulty and opposition,— the Ohio Bap- 
tists of that day numbering less than 10,000, and 
a large proportion of them being opposed to Sun- 
day-schools, missions, and an educated ministry. 
In 1828 he became Professor of Moral and Intel- 
lectual Philosophy in Granville College. Dr. Going 
was at that time president of the college, but as he 
was expected to give his time to theological instruc- 
tion and public efforts, the main duties of the pres- 
idency fell on Prof. Stevens. Much of the early 
success of the college is therefore due to him. In 
1843 he was engaged by the American Baptist 



Missionary Union to be its district secretary for 
Ohio and Indiana, and for the following twelve 
years he continued in this work, raising the collec- 
tions for foreign missions from an annual average 
of $962 to nearly $5000. 

In 1834 a society called the Western Baptist 
Education Society was formed at Cincinnati. Prof. 
Stevens acted as the secretary of this society until 
1856, when its work passed into the hands of the 
Ohio Baptist Education Society. He was also 
largely engaged in the establishment and support 
of the Western Baptist Theological Institute, which 
was opened for students at Covington, Ky., in 
1845, under the presidency of Rev. R. E. Pattison, 
D.D., and subsequently, when disagreements oc- 
curred and a separation took place, in the founding 
of a similar institution at F.airmount, near Cincin- 
nati. Throughout all this period he was unceas- 
ingly active both in the cause of education and of 
missions, and made many personal sacrifices of 
time and money. 

In 1859 he was made Professor of Greek and 
Latin in Denison University. In 1868, the two 
departments having been separated, he took the 
chair of Latin, which he retained until 1875. 
During all these years he maintained the fresh 
zeal and enthusiasm of youth, and kept himself 
fully abreast with the age. His hours of leisure 
and his vacations were spent in the service of the 
Education Society. In 1875 he resigned his pro- 
fessorship, but by the unanimous vote of the trus- 
tees was continued as Emeritus Professor. Two 
years afterwards, April 30, 1877, he died at the 
house of his son in Granville, after a single day's 
illness. 

Prof Stevens was ordained in the Ninth Street 
church, Cincinnati, in 1844. In 1873 he received 
the degree of D.D. from the University of Roches- 
ter. He was married in 1836 to Mary, daughter 
of Deacon Wm. Arnold, of Charlestown, Mass., a 
woman rarely endowed in heart and mind. He 
leaves two sons, one, George E., in business in Cin- 
cinnati, 0., and the other, Wm. A., professor in 
Rochester Theological Seminary. 

Stevens, Hon. Thaddeus, was born in Peacham, 
Caledonia Co., Vt., April 4, 1793. He graduated 
with honor at Dartmouth College in 1814. Here- 
moved to York, Pa., where he practised law, and soon 
became a prominent man in the public affairs of 
his adopted State. He came to reside permanently 
in Lancaster in 1842. He was elected to the U. S. 
House of Representatives in 1848, and again in 
1850. He was re-elected in 1858, and to every 
subsequent Congress until his death, which oc- 
curred in Washington, Aug. 11, 1868. 

Mr. Stevens was for some time the leader of his 
party in the House of Repi-esentatives, and its 
chief man throughout the free States. Since the 



STEVENS OK 



1105 



STEWART 



days of Henry Clay no man had a larger or more 
devoted throng of followers. They admiringly 
spoke of him as " The great commoner." 

He was a member of no church, but he was 
brought up in the principles of the Baptists by his 
godly mother, and to his latest breath he pro- 
claimed himself a Baptist. About twenty years 
before his death, Mr. Stevens and another gentle- 
man united^ in purchasing a church edifice for a 
small Baptist community then organized in Lan- 
caster. The church had the use of this building 
free until they disbanded. In his will he left $1000 
to the Baptists to assist in building a meeting- 
house in Lancaster, provided the work should be 
undertaken not later than five years after his de- 
cease. In recording the bequest he declared that 
the gift was in honor of his mother, to whom he 
was indebted for his attainments and usefulness. 
*' To-day there stands in Lancaster a beautiful and 
substantial meeting-house, largely growing out of 
Mr. Stevens's bequest," and within its walls a hope- 
ful Baptist church meets to worship God. 

" His name is dear to the people of Lancaster. 
He was very liberal ; it is commonly reported that 
he never refused to respond to the appeals of 
any needy person." He and President James 
Buchanan sleep in cemeteries within a few rods 
of each other. 

Stevenson, Rev. Samuel, a distinguished edu- 
cator and friend of Sunday-schools in Arkansas, was 
born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1815, and took an irreg- 
ular course in Georgetown College, Ky., where he 
graduated in the English course in 1847. He came 
as a pioneer educator into the State shortly after his 
graduation and established , at Arkadelphia the 
" Arkadelphia Institute," the first Baptist school 
in the State ; was present and participated in the 
organization of the State Convention in 1848, and 
became an active promoter of missions and Sunday- 
schools at a time when these objects were but little 
understood. He was ordained after he came to the 
State, and pi-eached occasionally. After the war 
he removed to Little Rock, and engaged in busi- 
ness. He died in 1878. 

Steward, Rev. Ira R., son of Nathan and Dru- 
silla (Rogers) Steward, was born in New London, 
Conn., April 3, 1795; served in the war of 1812; 
was converted in ]816; baptized same year by 
Rev. Francis Darrovv, and united with First Bap- 
tist church in Waterford, Conn. ; ordained deacon 
in New London ; ordained in same city to the 
ministry March 26, 1833 ; assisted Rev. Roswell 
Burrows, in Groton ; settled in Waterford and 
Montville ; succeeded Rev. R. Burrows, in Groton, 
for eleven years from 1837 ; in 1842 received 260 
members ; also labored as an evangelist at Nor- 
wich ; at the solicitation of Dr. Spencer H. Cone 
and others, settled with the Baptist Bethel in New 



York City, and labored with remarkable success 
for twenty years, and became known over the 
world ; having in early life been at sea, and know- 
ing sailors and human nature, and having a deep 
Christian experience, his ministry in New York 
was one of great power ; " previous to his entering 
upon the ministry he had memorized the entire 
New Testament and a large part of the Old ;" re- 
tired from the pastorate in 1865, and died Dec. 26, 
1867, aged seventy-two years ; was buried in New 
London, Conn. 

Stewart, Rev. Henry Greene, was born in 
East Clarendon, Vt., April 25, 1811. He gradu- 
ated at Brown University in the class of 1839; 
studied at Newton ; accepted a call to the Baptist 
chui-ch at Cumberland Hill, R. I., where he re- 
mained for about nine years. lie became pastor 
of the Baptist church in Seekonk, Mass., in 1859. 
For eight years he was in the service of the Ameri- 
can and Foreign Bible Society. At the end of this 
period he accepted a call to the church in Warwick. 
During the late war he was employed by the 
" Freedmen's Bureau," and in his official capacity 
made extensive tours through the South and West, 
gathering what information he could concerning 
the condition and the wants of the colored people. 
The service he performed was ai-duous, but of great 
value. Returning to his home, he acted for some 
time as the missionary of the Rhode Island Bap- 
tist Convention in the destitute sections of the State. 
His health was seriously impaired by the hard- 
ships he had passed through in his labors for the 
" Freedmen." Hoping that he might be benefited 
by a residence in Nevada, he secured an appoint- 
ment which took him to that State. Scarcely had 
he reached his new home when he died, July 6, 
1871. 

Stewart, Rev. J. L., was born in Mississippi 
about the year 1833. He was graduated from the 
University of Noi'th Carolina, read law at Chapel 
Hill, and was ordained in 1864, Rev. N. W. Wil- 
son, D.D., Geo. W. Purefoy, D.D., and T. H. Pritch- 
ard, D.D., forming the Presbytery. He removed 
to Sampson County soon after his ordination, 
where he has since resided, and has obtained an 
enviable reputation as a lawyer and preacher, both 
of which professions he has successfully prosecuted. 
He has been for years moderator of the Eastern 
Association, and is one of the best presiding ofiieers 
in the State. 

Stewart, William, D.D., was born in the par- 
ish of Haddam, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, on July 
27, 1835. He studied at Annan Academy and the 
University of Glasgow, at which latter institution 
he obtained by competition two of the highest 
scholarships. Having removed to Canada, he was 
engaged for a time in teaching a high school, and 
when the Canadian Literary Institute was opened, 



STIFLER 



1106 



STILES 



in July, 1860, he was appointed Professor of Clas- 
sics. In the same year he was admitted to an ad 
eundem degree in the University of Rochester. He 
has been pastor successively of the First Baptist 
church, Brantford ; of the Bond Street church, 
Toronto ; and of the Park Street church, Hamil- 
ton, — three of the largest churches in the province 
of Ontario. He was also for three years editor, 
and for nearly seven years editorial contributor, to 
the Canadian Baptist. In 1876 Knox University 
conferred on him the degree of D.D. In addition 
to taking an active part in the societies charged 
with the great work of ministerial education, for- 
eign missions, and home missions, for each of 
which he has at times been secretary. Dr. Stewart 
has published several pamphlets and discourses, 
among which are a prize essay on the "OfEcei-s of 
the New Testament Church," and a sermon on 
" Future Punishment." At present (September, 
1880). owino; to failing health, he is in California. 

Stifler, William H., D.D., was born in Blair 
Co., Pa., in 1841, and left home in 1857 for the 
West. He entered the preparatory department of 
Shurtleff College, Upper Alton, 111., in 1858. He 
was converted in 1859. On account .of interrup- 
tions in his course of studies by time spent in 
teaching and in the United States service, he did 
not graduate until 1866 in the college department, 
and 1869 in the theological department. He was 
ordained pastor of the Pana Baptist church, Pana, 
111., in 1869. In May, 1872, he became pastor of the 
Baptist church at Cedar Falls, Iowa. In May, 1876, 
lie became pastor at Cedar Rapids, and in October, 
1879, he became pastor of the Calvary Baptist 
church, Davenport, where he is now laboring. 
During his ministi-y in Iowa he has been promi- 
nently connected with all the denominational in- 
terests in the State, and has rendered efficient ser- 
vice, especially in the Sunday-school work. 

Stiles, Ezra, D.D., a Congregational minister 
of Newport, R. I., in 1763, a leader of distinction 
in his denomination, who was subsequently presi- 
dent of Yale College, had much to do with the 
charter of our first American college. 

Dr. Manning, the first president of Rhode Island 
College, now Brown University, arrived at Newport 
in July, 1763. At -the house of Col. Gardner, 
deputy governor of the colony, and a Baptist, a 
meeting of about fifteen Baptist gentlemen was 
held to arrange about framing a charter for the 
new Baptist college. Dr. Manning was requested 
to prepare a sketch for examination on the follow- 
ing day, when the brethren present should again 
meet. At the next meeting Dr. Manning's "rough" 
draft was read, the tenor of which was, that this 
institution was to be a Baptist one, but that as 
many of other denominations should be taken in 
as was consistent with the said design. Hon. Jo- 



sias Lyndon and Col. Job Bennet were " appointed 
to draw a charter," with a petition that it should 
be approved by the Legislature, to be laid before 
the next General Assembly ; they, pleading inex- 
perience, requested permission to solicit the assist- 
ance of Dr. Stiles. Their request was granted, 
and the whole matter was left to Dr. Stiles, after 
he was informed that " the Baptists were to have 
the lead in the institution, and the government 
thereof forever, and that no more of other denomi- 
nations were to be admitted than would be consist- 
ent with that." 

Dr. Stiles undertook the matter, and received 
some help from Mr. William EUery. The day 
when the charter was to be read to its Baptist 
friends Dr. Manning had to sail for Halifax, so 
that he could not remain long enough to see that 
the intentions of the founders of the proposed 
college were carried out. Besides, the document 
was difficult to understand without careful exami- 
nation. The corporation of the projected college 
was to consist of trustees and fellows, and these 
boards were " to sit and act by distinct and sepa- 
rate powers." The Baptists thought that the trus- 
tees were " the principal branch of authority, and 
as it was provided that nineteen out of thirty-five 
were to be Baptists, the Baptists were satisfied," 
without a proper examination of the deceptive docu- 
ment. But Dr. Stiles had so " artfully constructed 
the charter as to throw the power into the fellows' 
hands, whereof eight out of twelve were Presby- 
terians, usually called Congregationalists, and that 
the other four might be of the same denomination 
for aught that appeared in the charter to the con- 
trary." 

When the charter came before the Assembly, 
and a vote was demanded, Daniel Jenckes, whose 
daughter Rhoda was the mother of Nicholas Brown, 
and who was afterwards chief justice of the Provi- 
dence County Court for nearly thirty years, de- 
manded time to examine it; he was allowed, after 
some opposition, to take it home while the Assem- 
bly was at dinner; and comprehending the real 
wickedness of the charter, he went to consult Gov. 
Lyndon, who was a Baptist, and the govei-nor 
understanding its character immediately called on 
Dr. Stiles and demanded why he had perverted the 
design of the charter. His answer was, " I gave 
you timely warning to take care of yourselves, for 
we had done so with regard to our society" (de- 
nomination). He finally added that " he was not 
the rogue." Mr. Jenckes succeeded in having the 
charter confirmation postponed for that session, 
" notwithstanding the attempts of Mr. Elleiy and 
others of the Presbytei-ians to the contrary." Before 
the breaking up of the Assembly, by order of the 
house, at the request of Mr. Jenckes, the Speaker 
gave him the charter on his promise that it should 



STILLMAN 



1107 



UTILLMAN 



be forthcoming at tlie next meeting of the Assem- 
bly. 

Mr. Jenckes showed the charter to many, and 
loaned it to others for examination ; and when he 
needed it he sent for it to Dr. Ephraim Brown, 
who had borrowed it last, and then to Samuel 
Nightingale, to whom he had loaned it; but it 
could not be found, " Neither do I know," says Mr. 
Jenckes, "to this day what became of it." The 
Baptists prepared another charter, and when it was 
presented to the next Assembly, it was warmly op- 
posed by the Coiigregationalists ; the charter in- 
trusted to Mr. -Jenckes was demanded, and when 
he explained the way in which it was lost he was 
rudely charged with secreting it, and with being 
guilty of a breach of trust ; and such clamorings 
and bickerings came from the enemies of the Bap- 
tists in the Assembly that they gave up their efforts 
to secure the confirmation of their charter for that 
session. In the mean time an advertisement was 
posted up in the most public places, and the most 
diligent efforts employed to secure the lost charter, 
but it could not be found for nearly a century. 
The new charter was granted in 1764 " by a great 
majority," after much opposition and many unjust 
reproaches against Mr. Jenckes. lie richly de- 
served the abuse of the Congregationalists of Rhode 
Island ; for when they and their religious leader, 
Ezra Stiles, had determined to "■confiscate'' by 
stealth a Baptist college charter, he saw the treach- 
ery and frustrated its success. 

Strange to say, the lost copy of Dr. Stiles's char- 
ter, for the failure to return which to the Assembly 
Mr. -Jenckes suffered so unjustly in his feelings and 
reputation, '''"was recently found^'' Dr. Guild writes 
in 1864, "'■ among the archives of Dr. Stiles's church, 
and is now in the possession of the university" 
(Brown). These faots are taken from statements 
of Dr. Manning, Daniel Jenckes, and Dr. R. A. 
Guild in "Life, Times, and Correspondence of 
James Manning," pp. 46-49, 52-54, 56. 

Stillman, Samuel, D.D.— Among the honored 
names that have been handed down to us in the 
annals of the eighteenth century, that of Samuel 
Stillman is not the least worthy of mention. Born 
of respectable parents, in the city of Friends, Feb. 
27, 1737, and spending the first eleven years of his 
life in the atmosphere of that city, he was sur- 
rounded by influences that were conducive to both 
moral and intellectual growth, and in very early 
childhood these influences made noticeable impres- 
sions upon his character. 

In his eleventh year he went with his parents 
to Charleston, S. C, where was laid the foundation 
upon which he afterwards built the magnificent 
superstructure of his life. His teacher, a Mr. Rind, 
was celebrated as an instructor, and under his 
guidance he made rapid progress in his studies. 



His childiiood seems to have been not uncommon- 
While at times under deep religious convictions, 
he was not permanently affected by them until 
he had nearly passed out of his boyhood. A 




SAMUEL STILLMAN, D.D. 

youth of earnest character, he was not hasty in de- 
ciding the great question that troubled him, but, 
having decided it, he was not slow in obeying the 
Word of God and the voice of conscience. He was, 
therefore, soon received by baptism into the church 
of which the Rev. Oliver Hart was then pastor, and 
under whose preaching he had been converted. 

At this time his mind was directed towards the 
work of the ministry, and he determined to enter 
at once upon the preparation necessary for that 
service, Avhich seemed to him of all others most 
imperatively to demand his attention. 

His theological studies, which he began imme- 
diately upon the completion of his classical course, 
were carried on under the direction of his pastor, 
and his earliest sermons were preached in the 
church of which he was a member. The first of 
these was delivered on the 17th of February, 1758. 
One year later he was ordained to the work of an 
evangelist. An index to his character, and the 
impression he had made at this early date, is 
given in the recommendation of the Charleston 
Association of 1758, wherein they speak of him as 
" an orderly and worthy minister of the gospel." 

Soon after his ordination he took charge of the 
church at James' Island, near Charleston, and, 
when comfortably settled, he visited Philadelphia, 
and took back with him to his Southern home a 



STILLMAN 



STILLMAN 



helpmeet in the person of Miss Morgan, a daughter 
of Dr. John Morgan, a distinguished surgeon and 
professor of that city. 

It was at this time also that the degree of A.M. 
was conferred upon him by the College of Phila- 
delphia. He received the same honor from Har- 
vard University in 1761. 

Upon his return to James' Island he entered with 
zealous spirit upon the duties of his pastorate, but 
his labors were seriously interfered with by ill 
health. After a year and a half of unsatisfactory 
toil, he was obliged to resign his charge, and went 
with his family to Bordentown, N. J., at which 
place he preached for two years. In October, 1763, 
he received an invitation from the Second Baptist 
church of Boston to assist their pastor. Rev. James 
Bound, whose health had been impaired by a par- 
alytic affliction. In response to this invitation, he 
left Bordentown, became Mr. Bound's assistant, 
and continued to preach for the Second church 
until November, 1764, "when he accepted an in- 
vitation to the pastoral office of the First Baptist 
church, made vacant by the resignation of Mr. 
Condy." He was installed pastor of this church 
Jan. 9, 1765, and here he spent the remainder of 
his life. Only once during a pastorate of forty-two 
years was he away from his church for any great 
length of time. "During the occupancy of the 
town by the British troops, in 1775, the church 
was in a dispersed condition," and Dr Stillman 
removed his family to Philadelphia. In June, 
1776, however, he returned to his post of duty, 
and gathered together his little flock, assembled 
them in their house of woi'ship, and continued 
regular services until the close of the war. During 
all this time the church was almost the only one 
in the city in which public worship was held. In 
passing, be it observed, that this meeting-house 
was, in 1830, " taken down, removed, and rebuilt, 
with a new and neat finish," and became the prop- 
erty of the South church. 

Dr. Stillman's ministry was long and remark- 
ably successful. Revivals in his church, of un- 
usual importance, were of frequent occurrence, and 
became the subject of deep interest throughout the 
country. Especially noticeable were the outpour- 
ings of grace in 1804 and 1805, and the Baptist 
Magazine for those years comments upon the won- 
derful dignity of the work. 

Throughout his long pastorate Dr. Stillman was 
not at any time a hale, hearty, and vigorous man, 
and yet he lived to be the last of his contemporaries 
in the ministry in and around Boston. For a year 
previous to his death he had looked forward to that 
event, and even desired his church to call a col- 
league, in order that, in case of his death, they 
might not be without a shepherd. Nor were his 
apprehensions groundless, for before Mr. Clay, 



whom they invited to assist Dr. Stillman, had com- 
pleted his arrangements for leaving his church in 
Georgia, the aged warrior passed to his rest. 

His last sermon was from Luke xxiv. 50, 51, and 
his theme was "The Saviour's Ascension." He 
had preached every Sabbath until within two weeks 
of his death, having had the prayer of his life an- 
swered, — that his ministry and his life might end 
together. His last sickness was paralysis, and he 
lived only twelve hours after receiving the stroke. 
He died on the 12th of March, 1807, and on the 
Monday following, in the meeting-house where he 
had preached so earnestly, services were held over 
his remains, at which his old and dear friend and 
co-worker. Dr. Baldwin, officiated. The last words 
of Dr. Stillman were, " God's government is infin- 
itely perfect." 

As a preacher. Dr. Stillman had few peers and 
no superiors in New England. His church was 
frequently visited by President Adams, Gen. Knox, 
Gov. Hancock, and men of like prominence. While 
eminently practical, his sermons were sound in doc- 
trine, ever abounding in sketches of character and 
striking in illustration. " Stirring, eloquent, pa- 
thetic, impassioned, graceful," all of these adjec- 
tives have been employed by his friends in endeavor- 
ing to describe them. 

As a pastor, he was untiring in his devotion to 
his work, declining to enter upon any festivity or 
social pleasure which in the least interfered with 
his duties to his church. His own private interests 
were ever secondary to tliose of his flock, and even 
for persons in no way connected with his ministry 
he had at all times a ready heai'ing and an open 
hand. 

In his social relations, he was eminently popu- 
lar, and beloved, affectionate in his manner, of 
that good-natured temperament which never fails 
to win the hearts of others. Attentive, even to ex- 
cessive courtesy, cultured and scholarly, he was a 
man of whom all spoke well and no one evil. Dig- 
nified and discreet, he was yet full of a spiritual 
joyousness that was exceedingly refreshing to be- 
hold, and he was never out of the reach of those 
who claimed his interest or compassion. 

As a public citizen, he had at heart the good of 
his country, and he was never deaf to the calls that 
were made upon him to take part in her affairs. 
Without being a partisan in his politics, he was 
firm in his convictions. Among his numerous ser- 
mons, published at different times from 1766 to 
1805, may be mentioned " A Sermon on the Repeal 
of the Stamp Act," 1766; "A Sermon on the Gen- 
eral Election in Massachusetts," 1779 ; " Thoughts 
on the French Revolution," 1794; all of which re- 
veal the deep interest which the author felt in na- 
tional affairs. 

It may be said of Dr. Stillman, as it has been 



STIMSON 



STOCKBRTDGE 



said of few men, he showed himself " approved 
unto God, a workman that needeth not to be 
ashamed, rightly dividing the Word of truth." 

Stimson, Samuel M., D.D., was born in Win- 
chenden, Worcester Co., Mass., Feb. 6, 1815. He 
came with his parents into Western New York in 
1819. He was baptized in 1831, and became a 
constituent member of a Free- Will Baptist church 
in the township in wliich he resided. In 1834 he 
joined the Pendleton Baptist church. He was li- 
censed to preach by it in 1840, and at once set 
about the work of preparation. He studied three 
years in the best schools he could find in that part 
of the country. In this preparation his wife was 
of great service. He was ordained by the Shelby 
Baptist church in 1843. He has been pastor of six 
different churches, — Binghaiiiton, Batavia, and 
Slielby, N. Y., Brighton, Mass., and Terre Haute 
and Vincennes, Ind. He was in Batavia eleven 
years, in Terre Haute eight years. At the close 
of his pastorate in Terre Haute he took an extended 
tour tluough Europe. He was appointed district 
secretary of the American Baptist Missionary Union 
in 1873, wliich office he still holds. He was one 
year president of the Indiana State Convention. 
He presides with ability, and is attractive in his 
social qualities. 

St. Joseph Female College is located at St. 

Joseph, Mo. The building cost $100,000. It is on 
an elevated site near the city, and the location is 
healthy. The course of instruction is thorough 
and extensive. The president, Rev. E. S. Dulin, 
D.D., LL.D., is a man of large experience, and 
popular as a teacher. The board of trustees is 
composed of leading men in St. Joseph, and in 
Missouri. 

St. Louis Seminary, for young ladies, is lo- 
cated in St. Louis County, seven miles from St. 
Louis. Prof. B. T. Blewett, LL.D., is principal. 
'J"he buildings are spacious and the grounds beau- 
tiful, overlooking the city of St. Louis. This school 
is a Christian home for yt)ung ladies, under the 
management of most experienced teachers. 

St. Louis, the Second Baptist Church of, 
was nearly completed when, on Jan. 3, 1879, it was 
destroyed by fire. Not discouraged by the disaster, 
tiie zealous and generous community for whose 
worship it was intended immediately commenced 
to rebuild ; and on November 6 of that year their 
efforts were successful, and the beautiful structure 
was solemnly dedicated to the worship of Almighty 
God. 

The house and lot cost $218,000. The edifice 
seats 1300 persons. The building is free from 
debt. Dr. W. W. Boyd is the able pastor of this 
influential church. 

Stockbridge, John Calvin, D.D., was born in 
Yarmouth, Me., June 14, 1818. He was the son 



of Deacon Calvin Stockbridge, of the firm of W. 
R. & C. Stockbridge, merchants, doing an exten- 
sive business in Yarmouth, and warm supporters 
of the Baptist church in that place. He was fitted 




for college at the academy in his native village. 
Entered Bowdoin College in 1833, where he re- 
mained two years, and was out of college part of a 
year. He became a member of the Junior class in 
Brown University in 1836; was hopefully eon- 
verted in his Senior year, and baptized at Yar- 
mouth in August, 1838, by Rev. Z. Bradford : 
graduated September, 1838. He took charge of 
an academy in Cummington, Mass., for six months, 
and then became principal of the Ladies' Seininary 
in Warren, R. I., which position he filled for two 
and a half years. In the autumn of 1841 he entered 
the Newton Theological Institution, and took the 
full three years' course. He was called to the pas- 
torate of the First Baptist church in Waterville, 
Me., in September, 1844, and was ordained Jan. 8, 
1845, Prof J. R. Loomis, now ex-President Loomis, 
late of Lewisburg University, being ordained at 
the same time. He remained pastor of the Water- 
ville church three years, when he resigned and ac- 
cepted a call to the Baptist church in Woburn, 
Mass. His ministry in this place was greatlv 
blessed, and large accessions were made to the 
church. At the end of five years he was invited 
to take charge of the First Baptist church in Provi- 
dence, R. I., during the absence of its pastor. Rev. 
Dr. Granger, who, with Rev. Dr. Peck, had been ap- 
pointed as a deputation to visit the stations of the 




SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH, ST. LOUIS, MO. 



STOCKBRIDGE 



STODDARD 



Missionary Union in the East. He entei-ed upon his 
work in September, 1852. Before the return of Dr. 
Granger he received a call from the Cliarles Street 
Baptist church, Boston, to take the place made 
vacant by the death of Rev. Dr. Sharp. He ac- 
cepted it, and was publicly recognized as pastor 
Oct. 23, 1853. He remained in this position until 
the last Sabbath in May, 1861. For a year or two 
he supplied dififerent churches, and for nearly two 
years was pastor of the Gary Avenue church in 
Chelsea, Mass. Impaired healtli led him to give 
up all ministerial work and for six months to travel 
in Europe. Returning home, he accepted a call to 
the Free Sti-eet Baptist church in Portland, Me., 
and he commenced his labors Nov. 1, 1865. In 
the autumn of 1867 he removed to Providence, to 
take charge of a young ladies' private school, of 
which Prof. J. L. Lincoln had been the principal 
for eight years, and continued in this position for 
ten years, preaching nearly the whole of this time, 
and acting as pastor of the Third Baptist church 
in Providence between two and three years. The 
honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity was con- 
ferred on Dr. Stockbridge by Harvard College in 
1859. He was chosen a member of the corpora- 
tion of Brown University in 1856. He compiled 
the memoirs of Rev. Baron Stow, D.D., has written 
-articles for the Christian Review and the Bibliotheca 
Sacra, and has been a constant contributor to the 
religious and secular press. His travels in Europe 
have afforded him themes for lectures, which he 
has delivered in various cities and villages in the 
United States. His residence is in Providence, 
R. I. 

Stockbridge, Joseph, D.D., U.S.N., was born 
in Yarmouth, Me., in 1811. He pursued his pre- 
paratory studies at the academy in his native vil- 
lage, and was a graduate of Bowdoin College in the 
•class of 1830. He studied law at the Harvard Law 
School, and practised his profession for a few years 
in his native State, and then took up his residence 
in New York, where he became a Christian. Having 
decided to enter the ministry, he spent two years 
at the Newton Theological Institution. Among 
his classmates there were Rev. Drs. A. H. Granger, 
G. W. Samson, H. G. "Weston, and President 
JVI. B. Anderson, of Rochester University. Having 
.received an appointment as chaplain in the U. S. 
navy, he was ordained in New York in 1842, the 
sermon being preached by Rev. Dr. William R. 
Williams, from the appropriate text, Acts xxvii. 
24, " God hath given thee all them that sail with 
thee." In the discharge of his official duties Dr. 
Stockbridge has visited many parts of the earth, 
and occupied several stations as chaplain on land. 
He has also had intimate connections with the 
public press, both religious and secular. As a cor- 
respondent of The Watchman, under the signature 



of " Mallah," he has furnished a large amount of 
matter, especially in the form of interesting and 
instructive letters from foreign lands. He has 
made himself especially conspicuous in resisting 
the tendency to appoint so many chaplains from 
the clergy of the Episcopal Church, claiming that 
under a government having no state church the 
leading denominations of Christians may reasonably 
demand a proper share of representation among the 
chaplains of the navy. In 1868 he received the 
degree of D.D. from the University of Western 
Pennsylvania. He is now (1881) in Europe, having 
been placed on the retired list. 

Stocks, Judge Thomas, a most useful and in- 
fluential Baptist deacon, was born Feb. 1, 1786, in 
an Indian fort in Greene Co., Ga. His father died 
ten years after, and he was brought up by an uncle. 
In 1807 he married and settled in Greene County. 
In 1813 he was elected to the Legislature of Geor- 
gia, in which he served twenty years, eight as a 
representative and twelve as a senator, acting as 
president of the senate for eight years. For thirty- 
two years he was judge of the Inferior Court of 
Greene Co. He was converted in 1826, united with 
the church, and ever after continued an earnest, 
zealous, liberal, and influential Baptist. He was 
appointed on the executive committee, in 1829, to 
raise the money for founding Mercer Institute, and 
was largely instrumental in its establishment. For 
ten years, from 1847 to 1856, inclusive, he was ■ 
president of the Baptist State Convention ; for 
yeai-s he was a trustee of Mercer University ; and 
few men in the denomination did more than he to 
advance education, missions, and the Baptist cause 
generally in the State. He died at his old home in 
Greene County, greatly beloved and highly ven- 
erated by the whole denomination. 

Stockwell, Deacon E. E,., is one of the most 
widely known and influential Baptist laymen in 
California. He was born of Baptist parents, Dec. 
13, 1814, at Jamaica, Vt. ; removed to Stockton, 
Cal., at an early day ; united with the church by 
baptism in 1857 ; elected deacon in 1858 ; has been 
church treasurer and clerk many years, treasurer 
of San Francisco Association twelve years, super- 
intendent of Sunday-school and deacon of church 
twenty-one years, member of the Executive Com- 
mittee of the State Sunday-School Convention 
eleven years, and is a generous benefactor and 
helper of every good work. He has been a suc- 
cessful merchant, and endeavors to live as a faith- 
ful steward. It is his great delight to engage in 
revivals and to lead sinners to Christ. 

Stoddard, Rev. I. J., D.D., was born in 1820, 
in Eden, N. Y. ; entered the preparatory depart- 
ment of Madison University in 1839 ; graduated 
from college in 1845, and from the theological de- 
partment in 1847. He and his wife sailed for 



STONE 



1112 



STONE 



Assam JST'-^y. 3, 1847. They were assigned to Now- 
gong, with special reference to the educational in- 
stitution there, but Mr. Stoddard also preached ex- 
tensively. Ill health compelled a return to America 
in 1856. He has rendered important service in the 
West to foreign missions, and also to the Central 
University at Pella, Iowa, where Mrs. Stoddard 
was chosen principal of the ladies' department in 
1858. In 1866, leaving their children in America, 
they sailed again for Assam, expecting to spend 
the rest of their lives in that land. They were 
stationed at Gowahati, but when that wonderful 
work commenced among the Garos, Mr. Stoddard 
removed to Golvalpara, where he gathered many 
souls to Christ from that wild people, — a work not 
excelled up to that time in any of our mission fields. 
Ill health in 1871 again compelled Mrs. Stoddard's 
return to America, and for the same reason, a few 
years later, Mr. Stoddard was obliged to give up 
his work and return to his native land. Though 
in feeble health he continued to do good service for 
the cause of Christ. He resides at Pella, Iowa, 
and though unable to engage in any continuous 
labor, he feels the same interest in the foreign mis- 
sion work which prompted a consecration of his 
life to it nearly forty years ago. 

Stone, George Marvin, D.D., son of Marvin 
E. and Hannah (West) Stone, was born at Strongs- 
ville, 0., Dec. 10, 1834 ; converted in Cleveland, 
0., in the meetings of the Second Baptist church. 
Rev. J. Hyatt Smith, pastor, and "Uncle John 
Vassar, missionary," in 1853 ; studied at Williston 
Seminary, Easthampton, Mass., in 1854 ; entered 
Madison University, and graduated in 1858 ; studied 
for the ministry in Hamilton Theological Seminary; 
settled in Danbury, Conn., and was ordained in 
September, 1860 ; served this church seven years, 
and in the last year baptized more than ninety per- 
sons ; in September, 1867, settled with First Bap- 
tist church in Winona, Minn. ; served it success- 
fully two years ; in 1870 became pastor of the Jef- 
ferson Street Baptist church in Milwaukee, Wis. ; 
was prospered for three and a half years ; Septem- 
ber, 1873, settled with First Baptist church in Tar- 
rytown, N. Y. ; served seven years with marked 
honor ; made public Bible-reading a specialty and 
a power; in June, 1879, settled with the Asylum 
Avenue Baptist church in Hartford, Conn. ; re- 
ceived in 1872, from Chicago University, the hon- 
orary degree of Doctor of Divinity. He fills most 
worthily a prominent place in the ministry. 

Stone, James B,., D.D., was born in Westbor- 
ough, Mass., in 1818. His father was of Puritan 
stock. His mother's father, James Ilawes. was 
the first person baptized in Westborough. When 
he was three or four years old his father removed 
to Providence, R. I. In a diary kept by his grand- 
mother may be found this entry, made while he 



was yet a child : " My son Thomas and his wife 
and children are with us to-night ; and after the 
little ones were asleep I went to their bedside, and 
kneeling down, with my hands on their heads, 
prayed for their early conversion to God, and that 
the Lord would make James a minister of the 
gospel." Her prayer was answered, for no sooner 
did he give himself to the Master than he began 
to wish that he might become a minister. He was 
baptized in 1833 by the pastor of the First Baptist 
church. Rev. R. E. Pattison, D.D. His purpose 
was to complete a course of study in Brown Uni- 
versity and Newton Theological Seminary, but, 
after two years' study at Brown, he was obliged to 
leave. 

He taught a select school in Woonsocket, R. I., 
and afterwards went to Wickford, R. I., to take 
charge of Washington Academy. While here he 
occasionally supplied the church, and at length be- 
came the pastor of the Wickford church. He was 
ordained in 1839, Rev. John Dowling, D.D., preach- 
ing the sermon. Years subsequently he was called 
to the pastorate of the Stewart Street church, Provi- 
dence, R. I., and spent several years in the work 
there. 

He has had pastorates in Connecticut, New York, 
Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island, and was also for 
two years principal of the academy at Worcester, 
Mass. In 1864 he accepted a district secretaryship 
from the American Baptist Publication Society for 
West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, and 
proved himself a most earnest worker. In 1869 
he became pastor of the Baptist church in Fort 
Wayne, Ind., where, " having obtained help of God, 
he continues unto this day." 

He has been several times, and is now, president 
of the Indiana Baptist State Convention. He is 
also a member of the board of trustees for the 
Indiana State University.^ 

Stone, Rev. Luther, is a descendant in the 
sixth generation from Gregory Stone, who came to 
Massachusetts in 1634. He was born at Oxford, 
near Worcester, Sept. 26, 1815. At the age of 
sixteen he was employed as a teacher in the public 
schools of his own town, acquiring meantime con- 
siderable proficiency in such studies as astronomy, 
natural philosophy, and surveying. About this 
time he experienced religion, and entering Leices- 
ter Academy, began his preparation for college. He 
entered Brown University in 1835, graduating in 
1839. Thence he went to Newton Theological In- 
stitution, where he graduated in 1842. Declin- 
ing the ofi"er of teacher in a Southern univer- 
sity, he determined to become a self-supporting 
missionary in the great Mississippi Valley. Re- 
ceiving ordination Oct. 3, 1843, he started for the 
West, and reached the great river in May, 1844. 
Making his headquarters at Burlington, Davenport, 



STONE 



1113 



STORES 



and Rock Island, ho preached in the surrounding 
country, travelinfj; over 400(J miles to meet his ap- 
pointments during tlie first year. The second year 
ho spent on Rock River from its mouth into Wis- 
consin. There being great need of a Baptist paper 
for the West, he determined to undertake that 
enterprise, and Aug. 10, 1847, he began the issue 
at Chicago of a weekly called The Watchman of 
the I'raifies. In 1853 he transferred the proprie- 
torship of the paper to those wlio have since con- 
ducted it, as the oldest religious weekly in the 
Northwest. In 1863 he was an original trustee 
and the first .secretary of the Baptist Theological 
Union at Chicago. Subsequently, ))y purciiasing 
the grounds and buildings of the University of 
Des Moines, lie was enabled to render useful service 
to that institution at a time of a financial crisis in 
its affairs. The years 1806-68 he spent in Europe, 
and since his return devotes liimself to the care of 
his personal estate, and to study in various depart- 
ments of religious and general culture. 

Stone, Marsena, D.D., vvas born in Homer, 
N. Y., Jan. 27, 1810; converted under the minis- 
try of Rev. Alfred Bennett in 1830, and, after two 
years of hesitation and self-examination, was bap- 
tized at Manlius, N. Y., ))y Rev. Charles Morton ; he 
spent some time at Iliimilton. In 1837 he entered 
the ministry, and became pastor of the church in 
Mendon, N. Y., where he remained until 1840, 
when he went to Mount Morris, N. Y., and was 
pastor for five yeai-s. After a short interval spent 
in the service of the New York Baptist Education 
Society and in supplying the church at Eaton, in 
October, 1847, he went to Norwich, N. Y., and was 
pastor there until 1852, when he was called to take 
charge of the English course in Fairmount Theo- 
logical Seminary, Cincinnati, 0. This position he 
resigned in 1856, and became pastor of the Baptist 
church at Lebanon, 0., wliere he remained five 
years. From 1861 to 1868 he was principal of the 
Young Ladies' Institute and Professor of Theology 
at Granville, 0. In 1868-69, through the munifi- 
cence of Hon. J. M. Iloyt and Mr. E. Thresher, he 
spent a year holding ministers' institutes in Ohio 
and other States. From 1869 to 1872 he was pas- 
tor at Marietta, 0. In 1872 lie was sent South by 
the Home Mission Society to hold institutes among 
the colored preachers. He spent one year at Shaw 
University, Raleigh, N. C, and two years at Leland 
University, New Orleans, La. In 1878 retired to 
Lebanon, 0., where he now resides. 

Dr. Stone has done much hard and good work, 
and is worthily regarded as one of the strongest 
men of his adopted State. He takes an active part 
in the educational and other work of the denomina- 
tion in Ohio, and is ever ready, notwithstanding the 
weight of years, to perform his full share of service 
for Christ. 

ri 



Stone, 0. B., D.D., was born at Homer, N. Y., 

Sept. 24, 1823. In the fellowship of that church 
lie was baptized while still but a youth, and by it 
also he was licensed. He was ordained, in 1852, 
at Xenia, 0. Having served the church there as 
pastor some two years, he went to California, under 
appointment of the Home Mission Society. Four 
yeai's he was pastor at Nevada City and five years 
at San Jose. Returning East, he served tiiree 
years as district secretary of the Home Mission 
Society in New York. His subsequent pastorates 
have been three years at Lafayette, Ind., two years 
at Rockford, 111., four at Marengo and four at 
Bloomington, in the same State. His liealth and 
that of his wife having failed, he is not now in ser- 
vice, though residing at Bloomington. Dr. Stone 
was a graduate of Madison University and of the 
Rochester Theological Seminary. He has held 
important positions in connection with educational 
organizations, as a member of the boards of the 
university and seininary at Chicago and of Shurt- 
leff College. While his health permitted his Ial)ors 
were constant, abundant, and fruitful. As preacher 
and pastor he ranks with the foremost in the 
West. 

Storrs, Rev. William, now of Belmont. Alle- 
gany Co., N. Y., was born in the town of Worces- 
ter, Otsego Co., N. Y., Jan. 20, 1810. He obtained 
hope in the Saviour when he was about eight years 
old. In his eleventh year he first had a desire to 
preach the gospel, and this has been a prevailing 
inclination throughout his life. In April, 1827, his 
fiither removed his family to Franklinville, Catta- 
raugus Co. March 27, 1831, he, with others, was 
baptized into the fellowship of the Baptist church 
in Ellicottville, Cattaraugus Co., by Elder Ebenezer 
Vining. April 18, 1841, he received a license from 
the East Worcester church to preach. He com- 
menced the work of his life that spring in the 
meeting-house in East Worcester, where, twenty 
years before, he first felt a desire to preach. 
March 8, 1843, he was ordained in the Baptist 
church in Cherry Valley. During the thirty-eight 
years of his ministry he has been pastor of the fol- 
lowing Baptist ciiurches : Lodi, Bern, Knox, Friend- 
ship, Humphrey, Oramel, Belfast, Hermitage, Rich- 
burg, West Almond, N. Y., and Ulysses, Pa. He 
has been engaged in several revivals, in some of 
which the number reclaimed, with those who pro- 
fessed conversion, amounted to a hundred or more. 
In 1861 he joined the Union army, and is now a 
chaplain in the Grand Army of the Republic. He 
is descended from Puritan ancestors in England. 
In consequence of religious intolerance, Samuel 
Storrs came to Barnstable, Mass., about 1663. 
About 1698 he removed to Mansfield, Conn., and 
became one of the nine constituent members of the 
First Congregational church, from whom there 



STOTT 



IIU 



STOUT 



has been a line of ministers reaching down to the 
present time. From him Mr. Storrs is descended. 
Though sprung from men who showed their loyalty 
to Christ in times of trial in the Old World and in 
the New, and who exhibited fidelity to patriotism 
?.!; Bunker Hill and elsewhere, he glories chiefly in 
liis sonship to God through the blood of Calvary. 

Stott, William T., D.D., was born at Vernon, 
Ind., March 22, 1836. In 1861 he graduated at 
Franklin College, Ind., having during his college 
course supported himself by his own exertions, 
while maintaining a high standing in his studies. 
In August, 1861, he enlisted in the army, and was 
gradually promoted, until he became captain of 
Co. I, 18th Ind. Vols. He took part in fifteen bat- 
tles, and commanded his regiment in the battle of 
Cedar Creek. In 1863 he entered Rochester Theo- 
logical Seminary to prepare himself for the Chris- 
tian ministry, graduating in 1868. He was for a 
year pastor of the church in Columbus, Ind. In 
1869 he accepted the chair of Natural Science in 
Franklin College, and in 1872 he became president 
of this institution. In the several positions which 
he has held he has exhibited breadth, clearness, 
fidelity, perseverance, and a high moral purpose. 
In 1873 he received the degree of D.D. from Kala- 
mazoo College, Mich. 

Stott, Rev. "William T., Sr., was bom in Wood- 
ford Co., Ky., in 1789. He was converted at the 
age of thirteen, and joined the Salt River Baptist 
church. He came to Indiana in 18)5, and was one 
of the constituent members of the Vernon church. 
He was pastor of this church about fifty years. 
He always took a deep interest in the civil govern- 
ment, never allowing an election of importance to 
occur without depositing his ballot. He was a man 
of great social power, and a preacher of marked 
ability in his prime. He was very familiar with 
the Word of God, and hence was immovable in his 
religious beliefs. He was a soldier in the war of 
1812. He and Rev. John Vauter surveyed the first 
road laid out from Madison to Indianapolis. About 
1000 persons, according to his own estimate, were 
converted under his preaching and baptized by him. 
He was unconscious several weeks during his last 
illness, but he had one hour of consciousness, in 
which he related his Christian experience, gave 
cheering words to each one that stood around him, 
and then suddenly lapsed into unconsciousness 
again. He died April 14, 1877, and was buried 
from the church that he had helped to constitute 
sixty-one years before. 

Stough, Rev. A. S., was bom in Germany in 
1827 ; was educated for the Catholic priesthood ; 
was baptized in Norfolk, Va., in 1847 ; read the- 
ology for two years with Dr. Geo. AV. Purefoy and 
began to preach ; is a successful pastor ; has been 
for some years in charge of the church at Shelby, 



and moderator of the King's Mountain Associa- 
tion. 

Stout, Charles B., was born at Flemington, 
N. J.,in 1824; spent his youth in New Brunswick; 
became an active member of the Stanton Street Bap- 
tist church. New York ; has been for years connected 
with the First or with the Remsen Avenue church in 
New Brunswick. He is the author of several books, 
which have had an extensive sale ; was one of the 
first to use the blackboard in Sunday-schools, and is 
widely known in the Sunday-school work as an 
able speaker and contributor to the magazines. 

Stout, Rev. David Bishop, was born in Hope- 
well, N. J., in the year 1810 : was ordained a min- 
ister, and settled in a joint pastorate over the 
chui'ches at Lambertville and Ilarborton in the 
year 1832. After five years' active and successful 
labor on these fields he was called to take chai-ge 
of the ancient church at Middletown, where he 
settled in April, 1837, and where he remained and 
labored as pastor till his death, a period of thirty- 
eight years. The forty-three years of his minis- 
terial life and labors were all spent in his native 
State, and in two pastorates. Few men have ever 
been more devoted to the Lord's work, and few 
have received larger measures of success. 

Brother Stout was a constituent member of the 
State Convention, being present at its organization 
in 1830, and was an active worker and wise coun- 
selor in all its operations from the first till the day 
of his death. As a preacher, he was eminently 
Scriptural, trusting to the Spirit to make the Word 
successful. This principle of his ministry made 
him sound in doctrine, able in counsel, discreet and 
wise as a minister of Jesus Christ in every sphere 
of life. 

He died May 17, 1874, having baptized during 
his pastorate of the oldest Baptist church in the 
State 639 professed believers. 

Stout, Rev. John. — From the beginning of 
Brother Stout's ministry, at Newberry, S. C, in 
1870, he took a prominent part in all our religions 
enterprises, especially State missions. For several 
years past he has rendered very efiieient service 
in organizing and conducting AVoman's Mission 
Societies. He was born in Mobile, Ala., in 1842, 
being a son of Rev. Piatt Stout. He served in the 
Confederate army during the war, which much re- 
tarded his education. After the close of the war he 
removed to Darlington Co., S. C, where he learned 
to know Him whom to know is life eternnl, and at 
once determined to preach the unsearchable riches 
of Christ. Preparatory to this he entered Furraan 
University, in 1867, and the Southern Baptist The- 
ological Seminary, then at Greenville, S. C, in 
1868. He spent three years in the seminary, com- 
pleting the entire course except one study. He 
pursued this afterwards, and received a full diploma 



STOUT 



1115 



STO W 



in 1872. lie became pastoi* of the Newbei-ry 
church during his seminary course, and settled 
there on leaving Greenville, in 1871. In 1874 he 
removed to Darlington, and became pastor of the 
old Welsh Neck church, and still occupies that 
position. There has been nothing remarkable in 
iiis life except regular, consistent, and successful 
service in the various departments of the Master's 
work. A star is better than a meteor. 

Stout, Rev. Piatt. — For want of facts in his 
life the writer can only mention the name of Mr. 
Stout, one of the best and most useful ministers 
of Alabama. He lived to old age, and died in 
Wetumpka several years ago. He was famous for 
distinguished piety, burning zeal, wise judgment, 
and rare ability. The gifted Rev. John Stout, of 
South Carolina, is his son. 

Stout, Rev. Thomas H., was born at Orange 
Oourt-IIouse, Va., July 23, 1835 ; baptized in Ken- 
tucky in 1852; in 1854 he began to preach, and 
entered Mercer University, Ga., as a student; has 
spent several years as teacher in Georgia ; was a 
soldier and a chaplain for some time during the 
late war. From 1862 to 1867 he was the successful 
pastor at Blakely. In 1867 he became president 
of the Baptist Female College of North Georgia ; 
nt the same time he was pastor of various churches. 
In 1869 he became pastor at Lumpkin ; in 1872 at 
Thoniaston ; in 1878 at Talbotton and other neigh- 
boring churches. In January, 1879, he accepted 
the pastorate of the First church in the city of 
Troy, Ala., and there, as in Georgia, his laboi'S are 
being honored with success. Six years he was 
clerk of the Rehoboth Association, and seven years 
of the Georgia State Convention. He received the 
degree of A.M. from Mercer University in 1873. 
He is an active and able minister of Christ. 

Stovall, Rev. A. T., a useful minister in North- 
east Mississippi, was born in Tennessee in 1809; 
removed to Alabama, where he began to preach in 
1841 ; during his stay in Alabama he served the 
following churches near his home in Lawrence 
County, viz.: Town Creek, Moulton, Macedonia, 
and Courtland. He removed to Mississippi in 
1852, and settled near Tupelo, in the northeastern 
part of the State, where he spent the remainder of 
his life preaching to churches in the surrounding 
country. He aided in the organization of -Judson 
Association, and was its moderator a number of 
years. He died July 4, 1872, much respected by 
those among whom he had lived. 

Stow, Baron, D.D., one of the most eloquent 
and successful ministers of the denomination of 
which he was so distinguished an ornament, was 
born in Croydon, N. H., June 16, 1801, and spent 
his early youth on the farm of his father. When 
but a child he began to show what his tastes were. 
By the roadside, near the house of his father, was 



a boulder, which, from its peculiar construction, 
was called " the pulpit." Taking possession of 
this pulpit, the boy-preacher would draw around 
him a crowd of his associates, and, as our fathers 




BARON STOW, D.D. 

were wont to say, "exercised his gifts" quite to 
the admiration of his listening friends. He was 
fitted for college at the academy in Newport, N. H., 
and became a member of Columbian College, 
Washington, D. C, in September, 1822, where he 
had among his instructors Dr. Irah Chace, Dr. Alva 
Woods, Thomas Sewell, M.D., Dr. R. Babcock, 
Prof. J. D. Knowles, Prof. T. J. Conant, and Dr. 
R. E. Pattison. Close attention to his studies 
enabled him to complete the entire course of the 
prescribed curriculum in a little more than three 
years. Mr. Stow acted as editor of the Columbian 
Star, the org.an of the Triennial Convention, during 
the latter part of his college coui'se, and continued 
to hold that position for more than a year. 

He received a call to become the pastor of the 
Baptist church in Portsmouth, N. H., and was or- 
dained Oct. 24, 1827, his ordination sermon having 
been preached by Rev. R. Babcock, then pastor of 
the First Baptist church, Salem, Mass. His min- 
istry in Portsmouth was from the outset eminently 
successful. The church grew in numbers and 
strength, and were obliged to make provision for a 
larger house of worship, and their present edifice 
in Middle Street was built, and dedicated Sept. 24. 
1828. More than one invitation of a most urgent 
character was extended to him lo remove to what 
were considered more inviting fields of ministerial 



STOW 



1116 



STOWE 



labor, but he declined all such overtures. For five 
years, dating from his ordination, he continued at 
the post which Providence seemed to have assigned 
to him. 

The pulpit of the Baldwin Place church in Bos- 
ton having become vacant, the thoughts of the 
church were turned at once to Portsmouth, and 
Mr. Stow received a hearty invitation to become its 
pastor. Obeying what seemed to him to be the call 
of his Master, he decided to remove to Boston. He 
was installed as pastor Nov. 15, 1832. If his min- 
istry in Portsmouth had been followed with great 
success, still more prosperous was it at the North 
End in Boston. At the close of the year 1837 he 
preached that remarkable sermon from the text, 
"Boast not thyself of to-morrow, for thou knowest 
not what a day may bring forth," the traditions of 
the wonderful results of which lingered for many 
a year in Boston. More than one hundred persons 
referred to that discourse as the means of their 
awakening and conversion. A powerful revival 
commenced with the opening of the year 1838, the 
influence of which was felt for years. During the 
next five years 502 persons were added to the 
church on a profession of their faith in Christ. 
Meanwhile his interest in every department of 
Christian work increased, as his zeal for the pro- 
motion of the kingdom of Christ grew more intense 
and intelligent. lie threw his soul into the cause 
of foreign missions, and never was happier than 
when, by his pen or the living voice, he was plead- 
ing for that cause. 

At length the labors of the ministry began to 
tell on his nervous strength, and, exhausted by long- 
continued work, he was forced to yield, and seek 
the renewal of his wasted powers by change of 
scene and the gentle excitements of foreign travel. 
He left Boston Dec. 1, 1840, and was absent several 
months abroad, traveling in England, France, Swit- 
zerland, and Italy, and returned to his home in the 
month of June. He took up, with recruited 
strength, the work which he had laid aside, and 
again preached and performed his pastoral duties 
with his accustomed zeal and acceptableness. He 
shared in the labors and the ingathering of souls 
into the churches, which made the year 1842 so 
memorable in the religious history of Boston. At 
the close of the twelfth year of his ministry at 
Baldwin Place, during two of which he had been 
laid aside by sickness, he makes the following 
record : " I have preached 1237 sermons, made 
8532 visits, solemnized 482 marriages, attended 586 
funerals, baptized 643, added by letter 261, dis- 
missed 394, and excluded 71." These figures pre- 
sent us a picture of a life of great ministerial ac- 
tivity and success as an ambassador for Christ. 

Dr. Stow was the pastor of a church situated in 
that part of Boston which more than any other sec- 



tion was undergoing constant social changes by the 
influ.x of a foreign population. The weakening of 
his church by the removal of some of his best fam- 
ilies proved a source of so great discouragement 
that, in 1848, he felt it his duty to resign his pastor- 
ate of the church of which, for sixteen years, he 
had been the loving and beloved undcr-shepherd. 
After a brief period of relaxation, during which he 
received invitations to become the pastor of three 
churches, he decided to accept a call to what wns 
then the Rowe Street church, now the Clarendon 
Avenue, and began at once to reap the fruits of his 
labors. It is not possible to sum up what this 
most indefatigable worker did, as a preacher where 
the standard for pulpit service was so high, as a 
pastor of the warmest sympathies and the tenderest 
love, as a member of the Executive Committee of 
the Missionary Union, where he performed a vast 
amount of work, especially with his most graceful 
and accurate pen, as a writer of books and for the 
religious press- A second trip to Europe, taken 
for the same reasons that led him to make the 
first, proved serviceable to him, and no doubt pro- 
longed his valuable life. His pastorate of the Howe 
Street church ended in 1867. Forty years nearly 
he had been in the ministry, thirty of which had 
been spent in Boston. The roots had gone down 
too deep into the soil of the dear old city to be 
rudely torn up, and although urged to occupy 
other fields of labor he declined, and spent the re- 
mainder of his days in performing such work as 
his Master gave him to do, and at length came to 
the end of his days on the 27th of December, 1869. 

Dr. Stow takes high rank among the best preach- 
ers of his own denomination or any other in this 
country. Amidst the exhausting labors of his pro- 
fession he found time to write and give to the world 
the productions of his pen. He was one of the com- 
pilers of the "Psalmist." His '"First Things," 
"Christian Brotherhood," "Daily Manna," and 
"Whole Family in Heaven" are illustrations of 
his skill and ability as a writer. His name is hal- 
lowed in the memory of many who loved him, and 
the whole church of God may be thankful that its 
great Head gave to it so true so faithful, a servant 
of the Lord Jesus Christ as Baron Stow. 

Stowe, Rev. Phineas, was bom in Milford, 

Conn., March 20, 1812. When he was fifteen 
years of age he was engaged as a clerk in a store 
in New Haven. He was baptized by Rev. Elisha 
Cushman, July 2, 1831, and became a member of 
the First Baptist church in New Haven. Feeling 
himself called of God to preach the gospel, he 
spent four years at the New Hampton Literary 
and Theological Institution in fitting himself for 
his work. After leaving New Hampton he was 
pastor for two years of the Baptist church at South 
Danvers, Mass. But his life-work was to be per- 



STOW ELL 



STRIBLIXG 



formed in another sphere. Providence had designed 
him to be a preacher to seamen, and in Boston he 
found a field of labor which was suited to him and 
he to it. " He was adapted to his" work," saj's his 
friend Dr. Neale, " and his work to him. It fitted 
exactly all the peculiarities of his mind and heart, 
as the liquid metal takes the varied features of the 
mould into which it is cast. It filled his whole soul, 
and he went into it with all his might.'" A period 
of twenty years of constant, unremitting labor pro- 
duced such results as any man might he thankful 
to have accomplished. The monuments of his zeal 
and untiring energy may be found in different sec- 
tions of the city of Boston, and especially in the 
better chai'acters and the Christian lives of hun- 
dreds and thousands of sailors in all parts of the 
world. His intense enthusiasm, and his love for 
the work to which he had given the best years of 
his life, at last touched the delicate fibres of an 
over-sensitive brain, and he Avas forced to spend 
his last days in one of those retreats which the 
Christian benevolence of our modern days has 
provided for sufi^erers like him. He died at the 
McLean Hospital for the Insane at Somerville, 
Mass., Nov. 13, 1868. 

Stowell, Rev. Austin H., son of Isaac and 
Harriet (Hall) Stowell, was born in Starksborough, 
Vt., Oct. 6, 1818; converted in Bristol in 1830; 
baptized at Brandon, in 1836, while studying to 
enter Middlebury College; licensed by the Baptist 
church in Brandon; ordained, Dec. 11, 1839, in 
Palmyra, N. Y. : settled in Avon and Moriah ; in 
Saratoga five years, in Providence, R. I., six years, 
in South Boston, Mass.. in Peoria, 111.; spent 
twelve years in Chicago in general gospel work ; 
published two sermons to young men in 1852, and 
a doctrinal sermon on Baptist polity in 1860. 

Stradley, Rev. J. A., the son of the venerable 
minister, Thomas Stradley, was born in Asheville, 
N. C, March 17, 1832 ; was baptized by his father ; 
ordained in 1854; took an irregular course at 
Wake Forest College on account of ill health, and 
has spent most of his professional life in Granville 
County. Mr. Stradley is an uncompromising tem- 
perance advocate and a strong Baptist. 

Stradley, Rev. Thomas, the oldest living Bap- 
tist preacher of North Carolina, the missionary of 
tiie mountains, was born in Woolwich, England, in 
1798 ; landed in America at Charleston, S. C, and 
settled in Buncombe Co., N. C, in 1828. He was 
already a Baptist, and soon began to preach, and 
was ordained by Revs. Humphrey Posey, Dobbins, 
and Alfred Webb. 

Mr. Stradley attended the third session of the 
Baptist State Convention, held at Cartledge's Creek 
church, Richmond County, in 1833, and had the 
honor to be appointed the first missionary of that 
body. Mr. Stradley became an excellent and use- 



ful preacher. He is what is termed a high-church 
Baptist, a great temperance apostle, and has the 
distinguished honor not only of founding the Bap- 
tist church in Asheville, but of building, almost 
unaided, the handsome house in which it worships. 
Though upwards of eighty, he still preaches with 
great power. 

Straughan, Rev. Samuel Lamkin, was born 

in Northumberland Co., Va., July 30, 1783. He 
spent his youth on his father's farm. He was bap- 
tized in April, 1803, and united with the Moratico 
church. He immediately began the congenial work 
of exhorting the impenitent, and his labors were so 
successful that in 1806 he was ordained to the work 
of the ministry. His first pastoral charge was that 
of the Wicomico church, the membership of which 
at the beginning was only 24, but which soon in- 
creased to nearly 300, so mightily did the Word of 
the Lord prevail under Mr. Strauglian's faithful 
ministrations. In 1807 he accepted the pastorate 
of the Moratico church, which also became one of 
the strongest and most active in that part of the 
State. In the year 1814 he was chosen by the 
Missionary Society of Richmond to travel into 
certain parts of Maryland, where there was great 
j destitution of the means of grace. Here, although 
at first received with great coldntiss and some op- 
position, he secured a strong bold on the affections 
of the people, and was the means of accomplishing 
much good. These visits were necessarily only oc- 
casional, since he had his own churches in Vir- 
ginia to supply at regular times. He made his last 
visit to Maryland in 1820, at which time the pul- 
monary disease, under which he Iiad long labored, 
grew rapidly worse, and, resting awhile at Nanje- 
moy, he finally reached his home in June, from 
which time he was almost wholly confined to his 
house until his death, which occurred June 9, 1821. 
Mr. Straughan was eminent for his deep piety. In 
every relation of life he was a model man, simple, 
modest, grave, courteous, and gentle towards all 
around him. He had a "good report" of all who 
knew him. As a preacher, he was in many re- 
spects more than ordinary. His voice was sono- 
rous, his style always strong and nervous, and 
sometimes elegant, his address sincere and often 
animated, and his countenance remarkably pre- 
possessing. His discourses were marked by argu- 
ment and Scriptural illustrations rather than by 
eloquence, although occasionally he rose to sub- 
limity of style. Mr. Straughan was only thirty- 
eight years of age at his death, but in the short 
time be was permitted to live and labor he accom- 
plished much for the Master, and left behind him, 
for the admiration of the church, a record such as 
many whose years are more numerous rarely ac- 
complish. 

StribUng, James H., D.D., was born in Ala- 



ST HI RUNG 



1118 



STRONG 



bania in 1822 ; is a nephew of the distinguished 
Commodore Stribling of the U. S. navy. With 
iiis fatlier's family he removed to Texas, and first 
located in Washington County ; served as a volun- 
teer in the Texan army in the Somerville campaign 
designed to repel the Mexican invasion of 1842-43 ; 
professed conversion in July, 1843, and was bap- 
tized by Rev. Wni. M. Tryon in September follow- 
ing; authorized to preach aboutone year afterwards; 
pursued studies in Baylor University from May, 
1846, to December, 1849 ; ordained at Independence 
at last date. In 1850 traveled as a missionary west 
of the Colorado River, traversing a large scope of 
country from the sea-coast to the mountains, preach- 
ing in a log cabin or private dwelling, under live- 
oaks or in regular places of worship, facing north- 
ers and drenching rains on bleak prairies, swimming 
streams, crossing the Indian's war-path, but every- 
where received kindly, and enjoying many happy 
seasons, pointing sinners to Christ, and witnessing 
the triumphs of the gospel. Traveled this year 
3000 miles on horseback ; served from 1851 to close 
of 1857 as pastor at Gonzales, and preached to other 
churches in the country. Many revival seasons 
were enjoyed, and hundreds brought into the king- 
dom of Christ. In 1858-59 ministered to old Caney 
and Wharton churches, enjoying precious seasons 
of grace. In May, 1860, assumed the pastorate of 
the First church, Galveston, and continued until 
the calamities of war broke up this happy relation. 
In 1863 he began, and in 1873 closed, a successful 
pastorate at Anderson, preaching at Navisota and 
other churches during this period ; began the pas- 
torate at Tyler, which he now holds, in September, 
1873, and ever since one harvest of blessing has 
been enjoyed by pastor and people ; served two 
years as moderator of Colorado Association, seven 
years as moderator of Union Association, four 
years as president of State Sunday-School and Col- 
portage Convention, many times vice-president of 
State Convention ; for three years past has been 
moderator of Cherokee Association, and at various 
times has been a prominent member of the Southern 
Convention. In the course of his ministry he has 
preached 3000 sermons, and delivered as many 
lectures; led or assisted in 150 protracted meet- 
ings, in which over 2000 professed conversion ; 
solemnized 200 marriages, and attended a larger 
number of funeral services ; baptized over 800 
persons ; traveled in every mode 20,000 miles from 
the Sabine to the Nueces, from the Gulf to the 
mountains ; and has preached to gratified audiences 
in Mobile, Louisville, Baltimore, and other cities; 
has published, I. " Sermon on Sunday-Schools ;" 
2. " In Memory of T. J. Jackson ;" 3. " On Future 
Punishment;" 4. "Sketches of Travels ;" 5. "Dis- 
cussion on Human Depravity ;" and miscellaneous 
articles; received A.M. in 1858 and D.D. in 1871 



from Baylor University. Rev. Z. N. Morrell, in 
"Flowers and Fruits from the Wilderness," says, 
" He has never turned aside to engage in any secu- 
lar employment" for a year or a month. . . . All 
love him, none excel him." lie esteems it his 
highest honor, privilege, and blessing to sit at the 
feet of Jesus and learn of him. 

Strickland, Rev. C. H., of Knoxville, Tenn., 

was born in Lawrenceville, Ga., Dec. 18, 1844. As 
a boy, he was ambitious to excel, faithful and true 
to those who trusted him, and passionately fond of 
reading. He was prepared for college at the Law- 
renceville High School. 

A few years after his conversion he was called 
of God to preach the gospel, and was ordained by 
Bethel church, Walton Co., Ga., Jan. 30, 1870, the 
Presbytery consisting of Brethren Bedford, Lung- 
ford, G. A. Nunnally, Stillwell, and Loring. He 
was pastor first of this church, afterwards of 
churches at Farmington, New Hope, Greens- 
borough, and Augusta, Ga., and Knoxville, Tenn., 
his Master giving him in every place the joy of 
seeing his work prosper in his hands. As a pas- 
tor, he knows his people ; their trials, sorrows, and 
bereavements are his, and so perfectly does he 
know them all that not one can be absent from the 
public services that he does not miss. Though 
still young, he has been a busy worker, and by 
the blessing of God has accomplished much good. 

Strickland, Rev. W. H,, was born in Gwin- 
nett Co., Ga. He in early life joined the Presby- 
terian Church, to which his parents belonged, but 
four years after he united with the Baptists. After 
preaching some years in the country, he became 
pastor of Kallock Street church in Augusta, Ga. 
In 1871-72 he was chaplain of the house of rep- 
resentatives of the Georgia Legislature. He has 
since been pastor in Darlington and in Anderson, 
S. C. 

On the 1st of July, 1880, he became correspond- 
ing secretary and treasurer of the State Mission 
Board of South Carolina. In the first five months 
he collected $6236.90, an unprecedented amount. 

His power in the pulpit is very great, and he is 
much beloved by his people wherever he has been 
pastor. He was for several years connected with 
the editorial department of the Baptist Courier. 

Strong, Augustus H., D.D., was born in Roches- 
ter, N. Y., Aug. 3, ] 836. His father, Al vah Strong, 
was a journalist, and for several years published 
the Rochester Daily Democrat. He was graduated 
from Yale College in 1857. He was converted 
while in his Junior year in college, and baptized 
into the fellowship of the First Baptist church 
of Rochester. After leaving Yale College he en- 
tei-ed the Rochester Theological Seminary, where he 
closed his course of study in 1859. He- then went 
abroad, pursuing his studies in the German uni- 



STUBBERT 



SUMNER 



versifies, and traveling in Europe and the East. 
For a short time he preached as a supply for the 
North Baptist church of Chicago. In 1861 he set- 
tled as pastor of the First Baptist church of Haver- 




AUGUSTUS H. STRONG, D.D. 

hill, Mass., where he was ordained. In 1865 he ac- 
cepted the pastorate of the First Baptist church of 
Cleveland, 0. While there he received the honor- 
ary degi-ee of Doctor of Divinity from Brown Uni- 
versity. After seven years of successful labor there, 
his manifest ability as a preacher, and his well- 
known theological learning, secured for him an 
election as president and Professor of Theology in 
the Rochester Theological Seminary, which posi- 
tion he holds at the present time. He is the author 
of able articles on " Philosophy and Religion" in 
the Baptist Quarterly^ also " Miracles as an Attes- 
tation of Divine Revelation," and on "The Will 
in Theology," besides numerous contributions on 
theology, church polity, and education in the 
weekly religious journals of the Baptist denomi- 
nation, lie is a man to whom the public have 
acceded a remarkable fitness for the high position 
which he fills. The young men who come out 
from that institution show his training hand and 
the careful instruction in theology so much needed 
by the ministry. 

Stubbert, Eev. Jolm Roman, son of John and 

Ann Stubbert, was born on Boulardie, island of 
Cape Breton, April 8, 1838. His parents were at 
first devout members of the Church of England, 
but finally became distinguished pioneer Baptists 
on the island. His father, at first an opposer of 



the Baptists, was changed in views and feelings by 
hearing Rev. John Hull, and among these the 
once despised became "mighty in the Scriptures 
and in prayer." John R., after the strictest moral 
training at home, began his studies in a normal 
school, and then for three years alternated between 
teaching and colportage. In 1867 he entered Aca- 
dia College, and graduated in 1871, preaching 
during his vacations ; entered Newton Theological 
Institution, Mass., and graduated in 1874; pro- 
posed to be a missionary in China, and was re- 
ceived by the American Baptist Missionary Union, 
but was finally induced to settle with the Second 
Baptist church of Suffield, Conn., and was ordained 
July 2, 1874: in the following winter was lilessed 
with a powerful revival, and baptized 90 per- 
sons; was elected a trustee of the Connecticut Lit- 
erary Institution, and also a trustee of the Connec- 
ticut Baptist State Convention and of the Baptist 
Education Society ; was the first secretary of the 
Baptist Centennial Committee in Connecticut in 
1875 ; has been a leader in temperance societies. 

Sturgiss, Rev. C. F., for many years pastor at 
Carlowville, Ala., and other churches of that part 
of the State, was distinguished for his learning, ex- 
tensive culture, eminent piety, and thorough gospel 
preaching. He occupied a position with the first 
men of the State. He was author of a prize essay 
on "The Duties of Masters to their Servants," 
which had a wide circulation in book form. He 
died only a few years since. 

Sumner, M. T., D.D., was bom in Massachu- 
setts, Sept. 6, 1815 ; graduated at Brown University 
in the class of 1838 ; removed to Virginia in Feb- 
ruary, 1840; ordained, by request of the Second 
Baptist church in Richmond, in May, 1843. From 
1840 to 1850 engaged in teaching in Richmond and 
preaching to three churches in the country, and in 
1850 devoted all his time to the work of the minis- 
try. In January, 1854, accepted the agency of the 
American Tract Society for Virginia and the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, and Jan. 1, 1858, entered upon 
the duties of corresponding secretary of the Domes- 
tic Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Conven- 
tion, at Marion, Ala. In 1875 resigned this posi- 
tion and entered upon the duties of president of 
Judson Female Institute, which he held for one 
year, and, retiring from this position, he occupied 
the post of agent for the Southern Baptist Theo- 
logical Seminary about two years, and then about 
the same length of time he acted as agent of the 
American Baptist Publication Society. April 1, 
1880, he resigned all agency work, and accepted 
the pastorate of the Baptist church in Athens, 
Ala., with encouraging prospects. In all these im- 
portant positions the labors of Dr. Sumner were at- 
tended with success. During the seventeen years 
that he had charge of the home mission interest 



SUNDAY-SCHOOL 



1120 



SUNDAY-SCHOOLS 



of Southern Baptists lie wielded a eoiinuanding 
influence over the entire South on this subject. 

Sunday-School Hymns,— "Let me furnish a 
nation with its songs and I will govern it" is an 
aphoristic expression, and history furnishes innu- 
merable instances of the influence upon human 
thought and feeling of the songs and ballads of 
the people. From the earliest periods until the 
present, triumphant hymns or solemn requiems 
have been used to express the emotions of joy or 
sorrow. This is especially true of the Christian 
era, and the Magnificat of Mary, the " Peace on 
earth" of the angels, and the Te Deum have en- 
joyed centuries of popularity, and the followers of 
Christ through all the ages have found expression 
for their soul exercises in psalms, hymns, and 
spiritual songs. To the chants of theearly Chris- 
tians have been added the more modern productions 
so largely used in our churches. None are so suscep- 
tible to the influences of music and poetry as chil- 
dren and youth, nor so long retain the first im- 
pressions conveyed through their use. The songs 
of childhood often last for life, and frequently in 
after-years they are the means of expressing the 
emotions and experiences of maturity. They thus 
have an incalculable value in moulding character, 
and the writers of the best hymns for children have 
an influence that cannot be overestimated. Leaders 
of the young have more fully realized this since 
the development of the Sunday-school movement, 
and gradually there has been pro\rided a literature 
especially for this service. At first the " Hymns 
and Divine Songs for Children" of Dr. Watts, 
with its quaint little wood-cuts, was extensively 
used, and, although the collection is now laid 
aside, such hymns as " How shall the young 
secure their hearts?" " IIow doth the little busy 
bee," will continue their usefulness for years to 
come. These simple songs have been gradually 
supplanted by the songs of more recent writers, 
who have attempted to embody Scriptural truths in 
a rhythmical form. To this class belong " There is 
a happy land," by Andrew Young, " I think when I 
i*ead that sweet story of old," by Mrs. Luke, " Little 
travelers Zionward," Heber's "From Greenland's 
icy mountains," and many others equally well 
known. More recently some of these have been 
partially obscured by a flood of productions, many 
of which have no merit either of doctrine or 
poetry. Their numbers have been legion, but one 
after another has faded from memory, while the 
worth of the best hymns of the olden and present 
time is being more universally recognized and ac- 
knowledged. Activity in the production of Sunday- 
school music has especially manifested itself within 
the last twenty years, and it is asserted, upon the 
authority of the publishers, that five books pre- 
pared by one editor attained a circulation, up to 



1868, of over two million copies. Since that date 
the sale of this class of books has aggregated 
17,000,000. Of the hymns that will remain from 
this multitude are many admirable productions of 
P. P. Bliss, Miss Havergal, the Baptist brethren 
Lowry, Doane, the Rev. J. H. Gilmore, and others. 
The beautiful hymn " He leadeth me," belonging 
to this class of authors, was composed by Prof. 
Gilmore in the parlor of the venerable deacon, 
Thos. Wattson, after a service in the First Baptist 
church, Philadelphia. 

In the service of song there has been an increas- 
ing desire manifested to bring the Sunday-school 
into closer connection with the worship in the sanc- 
tuary. The Gethsemane Baptist church of Phila- 
delphia has recently had organized from their 
school a choir of several hundred voices, which 
forms a chorus in the public services of the church. 
Thus the work of the teachers may be directed by 
a faithful Christian minister, and young hearts 
may be led to sing from experience, 

"Tis religion that can give 
Sweetest pleasure while we live." 

Sunday-Schools. — The origin, in some form, of 
Sunday-schools may be traced back to an early date. 
It appears, however, that from the time of the Ref- 
ormation Christian people have at different periodg, 
though withoutconcerted action or organized system, 
given attention to Bible instruction for the young on 
the Lord's day. The schools of Luther were held 
seven days in the week, and especially provided 
for religious instruction on Sunday. John Knox 
introduced into Scotland a system of Sunday- 
schools, and C. S. Rafinesque asserts that they 
have existed in Italy for centuries. In America, 
the early history of New England shows the re- 
ligious training of the children supplemented by 
the weekly instruction of the minister, and it is 
asserted, on credible authority, that in 1740 the 
German Seventh-Day Baptists established a school 
at Ephratah, Lancaster Co., Pa., which continued for 
nearly forty years. A very great impetus was given 
to the cause liy the organized efforts of the philan- 
thropist, Robert Raikes, 1780-1785, Avho directed 
the attention of Christians to its importance and 
formed a systematic plan of teaching, the results 
of which are apparent to-day. Scarcely less dis- 
tinguished than Raikes was his contemporary, AVil- 
liani Fox, a Baptist of London, who, at the same 
period, established a Sunday-school at Clapham, 
and who was greatly encouraged by correspond- 
ence with Mr. Raikes. The Sunday-School Society 
of England, Avhich is still a useful organization, 
was the result of the labor of Mr. Fox. 

The plan of instruction adopted by these men 
included paid teachers and the use of the Bible as 
a text-book in reading. The movement extended 
throughout England until, in 1789, there were 



SUNDA Y- SCHOOLS 



1121 



SUNDA y- SCHOOLS 



300,000 scliolars enrolled by the Sunday-School 
Society. The influence was felt on tiiis side of the 
Atlantic, and led to tiie formation, in -January, 
1791, of the Pliiladolphia Society for tlie Support 
and Institution of First-Day or Sunday-Schools. 
In this country, as in England, the Baptists have 
lieen ubreast with their bretlir'en of other denomi- 
n.itions in promoting the cause and in establishing 
schools. Among the oldest Baptist schools having 
an uiil)roken history are the following: the school 
of the Second Baptist church of Baltimore, organ- 
ized in 1804 ; of the First Baptist church of Phila- 
delphia, instituted in 1815; of the Charles Street 
church, Boston, of the Oliver Street church, New 
York, and of the Second Baptist church, Philadel- 
phia, founded in 181(5. Two Baptist missionaries, 
Messrs. Peck and Welch, established the first Sun- 
day-school west of the Mississippi River. A B^iptist 
teacher, Miss Harriet E. Bishop, gathered the first 
school of the kind in the extreme Northwest, in 
what is now St. Paul, Minn. Fi'om these early 
efforts the Baptist schools of America have grown, 
until they nuiuljer, so far as reported, over 13,493, 
with 11G,355 officers and teachers and 1,000,000 
scholars. Ever^' State in the Union is represented 
in this grand total, and who can estimate its steady 
influence upon society in its inculcation of Chris- 
tian doctrine, and in training the young in the 
path of virtue? 

The si/stem of iiisiruction in the schools, as well 
as tiieir increase in numbers, has been the result 
of a gradual growth and development. From the 
first these schools were supplied by voluntary teach- 
ers, actuated by a desire for the promotion of the 
religious education of the young. The pupils were 
boys and girls who understood the rudimencs of 
English, and tiie text-books were the Old and the 
New Testament, supplemented in some cases by the 
Catechism. After a few years an infant class was 
organized fur tliose of tender years, and still more 
recently an adult department has been added for 
men and women. The schools are in most cases 
attached to churches, though maintaining a volun- 
tary organization, somewhat informal in cliaracter, 
and are generally managed by tlie officers and 
teaciiers as they may best determine, without the 
formal control and direction of the church. As the 
first schools were of an isolated character, there 
was no uniformity in the manner of teaching or 
in the selection of subjects. In both these particu- 
lars a very great change has been gradually effected. 
The infant department in the best schools is now 
under the care of a teacher and assistants, who de- 
pend largely for the means of impressing truths 
upon the hearts of the little ones on object teaching. 
The blackboard and printed sketches are used to 
depict Bible scenes or illustrate Scripture texts, 
and these are sup^ilemented by the singing of 



sacred songs especially intended to teach important 
truths. In tiie intermediate department the young 
of both sexes gather in little groups or classes 
about teachers who often are familiar with the 
every-day life of their scholars, and visit them 
on week-days in tii'eir homes, and who endeavor to 
impress more deeply, if, possible, tiie truth learned 
on the Lord's day, by the influence of their daily 
life. The adult department consists of men and 
women who, either in classes or as a congrega- 
tion, are led in Bible study by a person of their 
own selection. A nioderfl Sunday-school repre- 
sents, and frequently contains, an entire family 
studying God's Word. 

The literature of the school has been created to 
supply the demands of experience in tiie service. 
Since the formation of the American Baptist Publi- 
cation Society it has been the great Sunday-school 
society of the Baptist denomination. The adoption, 
a few years ago, of a system of uniform lessons for 
the use of all the Protestant denominations rendered 
it possible and necessary to issue periodical litera- 
ture containing the best thoughts of Biblical stu- 
dents upon the selected topics. 'ITie Baptist Teacher, 
Lesson Papers, Our Young People, Our Little Ones, 
and other publications of a similar character are 
very important and valuable assistants to teachers. 
These papers are not merely sold to schools able 
to purchase, but are carried by the colporteurs of 
the society and freely distributed to needy schools 
in destitute localities. The volumes reported in 
the libraries of the Baptist schools of America in 
1879 amounted to 965,000. This vast aggregate 
may contain thousands of books whose influence 
may be of a negative character, and to remedy this 
as far as possible the Publication Society is con- 
tinually issuing works especially intended for 
libraries, and furnishing books by other publishers 
that have been examined by a careful committee. 
The Baptist Sunday-school work to-day is well 
organized, and engages the warm sympathies of 
thousands of men and women who are looking 
forward with the hopeful anticipation that the 
Lord may greatly increase their number and their 
usefulness, and bless the work to the spiritual ad- 
vantage of the people. 

Sunday-Schools, Infant.— Previous to 1829, so 
far as can be ascertained, no regular provision 
was made in Sunday-schools for the care and in- 
struction of children who were too young to study 
lessons, though frequently such children were 
present with older brothers or sisters. But in the 
latter part of that year a beginning was made, 
which resulted in a very general establishment of 
infant classes in connection with Sabbath-schools. 
It happened in this way. A year or two previous 
two infant week-day schools were opened in Boston, 
designed for children from two to five years old, 



SUNDAY-SCHOOLS 



SUNDERLAND 



whose mothers were employed away from home 
during the day. One of these was in charge 
of Miss M. V. Ball, who is still well known in 
Boston as an active worker for the Baptist Bethel 




FIRST INFANT SUNDA V-SCHOOL, FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, BOSTON. 
{Fac-siniile of the origiual engraving.) 



and other charities, and the other was in care of 
Miss Caroline Blood, now wife of Rev. Julius A. 
Reed, of Columbus, Neb. The exercises consisted 
of marching, singing, teaching by the use of various 
objects, including pictures, which were explained 
by the teachers, and questions were asked which 
were answered in concert by the little ones. 

A printer's apprentice, Henry J. Rowland, 
having occasion to visit one of these schools, became 
interested in the exercises, and being at the time 
the teacher of a class of boys in the First Baptist 
Sabbath-school in Boston, the idea occurred to 
him that Scriptural teaching and singing would in- 
terest young children in tlie Sabbath-school ; and, 
having borrowed some of the pictures, he explained 
the matter at a teachers' meeting, and proposed its 
adoption. It was at once sanctioned, and Mr. 
Ilowland was appointed to form and instruct the 
new class. 

In December, 1829, twenty small children were 
led to the gallery of the First Baptist meeting- 
house in Boston, and, with the aid of a few pictures 
representing Bible subjects, the attempt was made 
to instruct them. As no lesson book adapted to 
such a class was to be found, the exercises con- 
sisted in repeating in concert simple hymns, sing- 
ing the same, listening to Bible stories, illustrated 
by the pictures, and answering questions relating 
to them. The instruction was repeated till each 
lesson was well understood by the children. Men- 
tion was made of the new system in the Sunday- 
School Treasury and other publications, and many 



similar classes were formed. Inquiry was made 
for lessons and pictures. In June following the 
lessons prepared by Mr. Ilowland, with brief in- 
structions for management, were published in Wor- 
cester, in a small volume 
entitled "Lessons for 
Infant Sab])ath-Schools. 
with a Plan for Conduct- 
ing an InfantCIass." This 
is believed to have been 
the first publication of the 
kind in existence. A sec- 
ond edition was called for 
the following winter, 
which was stereotyped, 
and bore on its title-page 
the name of the author. 
Eight or ten editions were 
printed and sold before it 
was superseded by the 
numerous lesson books 
since published. The plan 
of instruction asoriginally 
practised by Mr. Ilowland 
is still pursued by the best 
primary Sunday-school in- 
structors, with very little variation, except in the 
vastly improved helps that are now so numerous. 

It is interesting to know that the man who com- 
menced this glorious work among the little ones is 
a Baptist, and that he is still living in Worcester, 
Mass. 

Sunderland, B,ev. James, was bom Dec. 16, 

1834, near Ilaworth, Yorkshire, England. His 
father emigrated to America in 1844, and settled 
at Busti, Chautauqua Co., N. Y. A few years 
later he died, leaving his family with exhausted 
resources. There were five children, of whom 
James was the oldest. Both father and mother 
were devout Christians, members of the AVesleyan 
Methodist Church. One of the sons is now Rev. 
J. T. Sunderland, of Ann Arbor, Mich., and one 
of the daughters is Mrs. J. E. Clough, of the 
Teloogoo Mission. James Sunderland was con- 
verted in 185'2, and baptized by Rev. David Ber- 
nard. Tie taught .school part of the time from 1853 
to 1855. In the spring of 1855 he went AVest, and 
settled at Strawberry Point, Clayton Co., Iowa. 
He engaged mainly in teaching and mercantile 
pursuits till 1860. Among his pupils was J. E. 
Clough, now of the Teloogoo Mission. In the 
winter of 1860 he taught in Jamestown, N. Y. 

The question of duty in regard to preaching, 
which had been pressing him for years, was de- 
cided while still engaged in teaching. In 1862 he 
became pastor of the Strawberry Point church. He 
remained on the field till November, 1866, and or- 
ganized churches at Volga City and York. He was 



SUSPENSTON- 



1123 



SWAIM 



pastor of the Baptist church at Vinton, Iowa, four 
years, and at Sioux City three and a half years. 
While at Vinton he was elected secretary of tlie 
Iowa Baptist Sunday-School Union, and served in 
that position for six years. Impaired health com- 
pelled him to leave the active pastorate for a time, 
during which he served as the chaplain of the Iowa 
State Penitentiary at Fort Madison forseven months. 
In the spring of 1875 he became pastor of the Bap- 
tist church at Ottumwa, Iowa, and continued to 
serve the church five years. In October, 1877, was 
elected secretary of the Iowa Baptist State Con- 
vention, and is now giving his entire time to the 
duties of that position. 

Suspension and Excommunication.— The two 
methods of treating offenders in Baptist churches 
in the days of our fathers were suspension from 
the privileges of the church — that is, from the 
Lord's Supper and from voting at church meetings 
for a limited time — and excommunication. The 
former was resorted to for lighter offenses which 
brought religion into disrepute, and it was regarded 
as a very proper form of Church Discipline.* It 
is still in use in some of our churches; the latter 
is the final resort of a gospel church when all Chris- 
tian efforts fail. When flagrant dishonesty, or 
adultery, or murder is the crime proved against a 
church member, no amount of apparent sorrow 
should hinder his immediate expulsion. In all 
ordinary cases, preceding excommunication, the 
guilty member should be visited by representatives 
of the church and urged to repentance, and when 
he still maintains a spirit of wicked indifference to 
the claims of God, he should be cited to appear at 
a meeting of the church to show cause why he 
should not be excluded, and at it he should be 
solemnly excommunicated. 

Sutcliffe, Eev. John, was born near Halifax, 
England, Aug. 9, 1752. Under the ministry of 
Dr. Fawcett he was led to the Saviour when he 
was about seventeen, and he united with the church 
at Hebden Bridge. By this church he was called 
to the ministry and sent to Bristol College. In 
1775 he became pastor of the church in Olney. It 
was on his motion that the Northamptonshire As- 
sociation set apart an hour in the evening of the 
first Monday of every month for special prayer for 
the success of the gospel. In 1789 he republished 
Jonathan Edwards's " Humble Attempt to Promote 
Explicit Agreement and Visible Union among 
God's People in Extraordinary Prayer for the Re- 
vival of Religion." This work at that time gave 
great help to the convictions, which resulted in the 
formation of the English Baptist Missionary So- 
ciety. In a sermon preached at Clipstone in April, 
1791, Mr. Sutcliffe fanned the kindling missionary 

* Treatise on Church Discipline in the Philadelphia Confession 
of Faith of 1743, pp. 96, 97. 



flame in the hearts of his hearers. From the for- 
mation of the society in 1792 no man, except Ful- 
ler, rendered it nobler service until his death, June 
22, 1814. Fuller, Ryland, Sutcliffe, and Pearce 
were the chief friends of foreign missions in Eng- 
land at a time when they were regarded with in- 
credulous contempt. 

Mr. Sutcliffe gathered a large and valuable li- 
brary, which he left to Horton College. He was 
full of gentleness, and of a devotional spirit. He 
was among the best men that ever lived. 

Sutton, Revs. David and John.— David was a 

native of New Jersey, and received his early edu- 
cation at Hopewell Academy. Five brothers en- 
tered the ranks of the Baptist ministry. David and 
John removed to the Red Stone country, the former 
settling on the Ten-Mile River and the latter in 
Fayette County. The church, formerly known as 
the Big Bethel, now Uniontown, owes its origin 
and very much of its subsequent prosperity to 
the labors of John. This church was the mother 
of many other surrounding churches. David was 
also signally blessed in his ministry. The revivals 
under the ministry of both men compare favorably 
with those of the present day, and in depth of 
feeling, strength of conviction, clearness in the 
evidences of a sound conversion, combined with 
permanent growth, are even more marked. A 
stalwart class of Baptists to this day dwell in the 
region once swayed by the teachings of Corbley, 
Patton, the Suttons, and men of their distinctive 
type of preaching. 

At the time of their settlement the entire region 
of the Red Stone country was a wilderness in its 
moral and spiritual, as well as in its natural as- 
pects. Great changes have occurred since that day. 
The wilderness fairly blossoms, and we trust the 
fruits of righteousness abound. The time of the 
decease of these brothers is not known by the 
writer, but the report is that it was " about the 
year 1800." 

Suydam, Asa, was born near Flemington, N. J., 
June 3, 1825; baptized by Rev. C. W.Mulford at 
Flemington, in January, 1848. He is a practical 
farmer, a Bible-class teacher, a valuable helper in 
the church, and devoted to public denoininational 
interests. He is treasurer of the New Jersey Bap- 
tist State Convention. 

Swaim, Samuel Budd, D.D., was born in Pem- 

berton, N. J., June 23, 1809. A part of his pre- 
paratory studies he pursued at Washington, D. C. 
where he entered Columbian College in 1826. He 
completed his college course at Brown University, 
graduating in the class of 1830. He went through 
the Newton Theological Institution, and was or- 
dained in Haverhill, Mass. Five years of his life 
were spent in different localities, one of them in 
Granville, 0., as an instructor in theology in the 



SWAIM 



SWAN 



college in that place. In 1838 he was called to the 
First Baptist church in Worcester, Mass. He was 
in tlie prime of his life and usefulness, and the six- 
teen years of his pastorate over that strong church 
developed and ripened his own powers, while they 
made his influence largely felt in the community 
in which he lived. The long strain upon his 
nervous system compelled him to resign liis charge 
in Worcester. He accepted a call to the Baptist 
church in West Cambridge, where he labored for 
eight years, and then, in 1862, he acted as secre- 
tary for New England of the American Baptist 
Home Missionary Society. Brown University, of 
which he was a trustee for eighteen years, con- 
ferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of 
Divinity in 1857. Dr. Swaim died in Cambridge, 
Mass., Feb. 3, 18G5. lie was a man of a strong, 
vigorous mind, one of the ablest of New England 
Baptist ministers. 

Swaim, Judge Thomas, was born Dec. 22, 

1783, near Piscataway, N. J. (as is supposed) ; lost 
his father in childhood; spent his youth at Con- 
nellsville, Pa., where, at eighteen, he was baptized 
by Rev. Wm. Parkinson, of New York City, then 
on an evangelizing tour among those new settle- 
ments in AVestern Pennsylvania. At twenty-one 
lie settled at Pemberton, N. J. (then called New 
Mills), began business for himself, and united with 
the Baptist church there. Here he resided some 
fifty-five years, acquired property, became a prom- 
inent man in the county of Burlington, and for 
about thirty years was one of the judges of the 
County Court, — for a large part of the time its 
presiding officer. His decisions were seldom re- 
versed. He lived to see the beginning of the civil 
war, and was deeply concerned for the perpetuity 
of the Union and the preservation of our institu- 
tions. Being a devoted and earnest Christian, he 
was early chosen deacon, and held that office till 
his death. Well grounded in the cardinal truths 
of the gospel under the preaching of Daniel Dodge, 
John Rodgers, and other prominent ministers of 
that day, a positive man of strong convictions, he 
'' contended earnestly for the faith once delivered 
to the saints.'' Through life his house was a wel- 
come stopping-place for ministers of the gospel. 
He took a leading part in the support of the gospel 
at home and in the benevolent enterprises of the 
denomination. He ardently espoused the cause of 
Hxithful versions of the Bible, and was a warm 
supporter and vice-president of the American Bible 
Union. After s\iffering long, he died triumphantly 
Sept. 15, 1861. He gave two sons to the ministry, 
Samuel Swaim, D.D., long a pastor in Massachu- 
setts, now deceased, and Thomas Swaim, D.D., 
formerly pastor at Flemington, N. J., and now 
(1880) district secretary of the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society at Philadelphia. 



Swaim, Thomas, D.D., was born at Pember- 
ton, N. J., March 30, 1817 ; entered Brown Uni- 
versity, but graduated from Madison University in 
1844, and from Hamilton Theological Seminary in 
1846 ; was ordained in November, 1846, and settled 
with the church at Washington, Pa. After four years 
of successful labor he accepted the agency of the 
American Baptist Missionary Union for six months, 
at the end of which service he became pastor at 
Flemington, N. J., where he remained for sixteen 
years. During this pastorate nearly 300 were bap- 
tized, and a new and larger meeting-house was built. 
In 1867 he accepted the financial secretaryship of 
the New Jersey Classical and Scientific Institute 
at Ilightstown. In 1868 he became district secre- 
tary of the American Baptist Home Mission So- 
ciety, with headquarters at Philadelphia, which 
position he now holds. The degree of D.D. was 
conferred, in 1865, by the university at Lewisburg. 

Dr. Swaim is an able preacher of the New Testa- 
ment, and strong in his defense of Bible doctrines 
as held by the denomination. To the work in 
which he is now engaged he gives his undivided 
energies, and zealously labors to secure for the 
society the largest share of the sympathies and 
contributions of the churches. 

Swan, Rev. Jabez Smith, the distinguished 
evangelist of Connecticut, son of Joshua and Esther 
(Smith) Swan, was born in Stonington, Conn., Feb. 
23, 1800: had good early advantages; aided as 
powder-boy in the defense of Stonington, Aug. 9 
and 10, 1814; removed with his parents to Lyme, 
Conn., about 1816 ; converted at the age of twenty- 
one, — a deep experience ; baptized by Rev. Wm. Pal- 
mer; felt called to preach ; licensed in May, 1822: 
studied at Hamilton Literary and Theological Insti- 
tution, N. Y. : settled with Stonington Borough 
Baptist church. Conn., and was ordained June 20, 
1827 ; began as an evangelist; settled in Norwich, 
N. Y., in 1830; greatly blessed in preaching far 
and near ; settled with Baptist church in Preston, 
N. Y., in 1837; prospered in revivals around; 
in 1840 settled with church in Oxford, N. Y., 
and prospered ; returned to Connecticut in 1842, 
and conducted remai-kable meetings at Stonington 
Borough, Mystic Bridge, and New London, also in 
Albany, N. Y. ; in 1843 settled with First Baptist 
church in New London, Conn. ; great blessings 
followed ; preached widely as an evangelist, going 
even to Charlestown, Mass. ; in 1848 settled with 
High Street church in Albany, N. Y. ; in 1849 re- 
turned to New London, Conn., and became first 
pastor of Huntington Street church ; another pow- 
erful revival ; labored in Providence, II. I. : in 1858 
settled with Second church in New London ; al- 
ways going out as an evangelist; began in 1860 
as a State missionary with Rev. M. E. Shailer; 
greatly blessed thi-ough the State; again labored as 



SWAN 



SWANZEY 



•evangelist in New York State ; settled with Bap- 
tist cliurch in AVaterford, Conn. ; suffered from 
overwork from 1842 down to liis last charge; pow- 
erful in his sermons and in addresses; a mighty 




KEV. JABEZ SMITH SU'AN. 

man in prayer; strong advocate of education and 
missions ; the most powerful preacher as an evan- 
gelist ever known in Connecticut. A sketch of his 
■' Life and Labors,"' an octavo, was jiublished in 
1873, prepared for the press by Rev. F. Denison : 
more than 10,000 conversions occurred under his 
ministry. 

His son, Rev. Charles Y. Swan, D.D., a very able 
and successful minister, died in 18S0. At the time 
of his decease he was the honored pastor of South 
ciiurch in Newark, N. J. 

Swan, Rev. Thomas, for many years the emi- 
nent and successful pastor of the Cannon Street 
church, Birmingham, England, was born at Man- 
chester, Jan. 5, 1795 ; baptized by Rev. Christopher 
Anderson at Edinburgh in 1817 ; he was called to 
the ministry, and entered Bristol College in 1821. 
In 1825 he proceeded to India to take part in the 
work of Serampore College, but returned to Eng- 
land Ijv way of America in 1S2S. He settled at 
Birmingham in the beginning of 1829, and for 
twenty-eight years held the pastorate of the Can- 
non Street church. During that period he baptized 
960 persons, a yearly average of nearly thirty-five. 
He died on March 9, 1857, and was buried at Bir- 
mingham amidst a large concourse of friends and 
fellow-citizens. It is recorded of him that he al- 
ways read his sermons. His pastoral care of the 



large congregation was a remarkable characteristic 
of his career. 

Swanzey Church is the oldest Baptist church 
in Massachusetts, and only twenty-four years 
younger than the First Baptist church in Provi- 
dence, R. I., — the one having been formed in 1G39 
and the other in 1G63. The founder of tlie church 
was Rev. John Miles, who came with a colony from 
Swansea, in Wales, and settled in a section of what 
was then Rehoboth, but subsequently was set off, 
and received the name of Swanzey, in memory of 
the home from which many of its settlers came. 

The Swansea chui-cli of Wales, from which the 
members of the Swanzey, Mass., church chiefly 
came, bringing the old church records with them, in 
1663, was founded in 1649, and at one time was in 
a highly pi-osperous condition, having on the roll 
of its members the names of 205 persons. The 
•■ Actof Uniformitj'," passed in the reign of Charles 
II., in 1602, which expelled 2000 ministers from 
their churches, reached the somewhat secluded 
Welsh town of Swansea, and Mr. ]Miles went into 
exile, many of his flock following him to this 
country, and settled, as has already been said, in 
what is now known as Swanzey, Mass., and entered 
into church relations there in 1663. He took a 
deep interest in his brethren who were called to 
suffer persecution for their religious opinions. It 
is said that " he labored frequently with his breth- 
ren in Boston in the time of their trials, and at one 
period it was proposed that he should become their 
pastor. Being once brought before the magistrate for 
preaching, he requested a Bible, and opened to these 
words in Job : " But ye should sny. Why persecute 
we him? seeing the root of the matter is in me," 
which, having read, he sat down, and such an effect 
had the sword of the Spirit that he was afterwards 
treated with moderation if not with kindness. 
'• What few sketches have been preserved of his 
life," says Dr. Benedict, " go to show that he bore 
an excellent character, and was eminently useful 
in his day." He died Feb. 3, 1683. He was suc- 
ceeded by Rev. Samuel Luther, who had represented 
the town of Swanzey in the State Legislature. He 
was ordained pastor of the church July 22, 1085. 
'• He was much esteemed," says Backus, "both at 
home and abroad." His ministry continued thirty- 
two years, his death occurring in 17 17. For thirteen 
yeai-s Rev. Ephraim Whcaton had been a colleague 
with Mr. Luther, and on the decease of his vener- 
able associate he became sole pastor of the church. 
His ministry was much blessed to the spiritual 
prosperity of the church. It was ended by his 
death in 1734. Rev. Samuel Maxwell, who had 
been colleague with Mr. Wheaton for a few months, 
took his place on his decease : but becoming a 
Seventh-Day Baptist, he resigned his pastorate 
after a few years. The next pastor was Rev. Ben- 



SWAETZ 



1126 



SWEDEN 



jainin Harrington, in office a few years, and left 
.under a cloud of suspicion resting on his character. 
Rev. Jabez Wood was the next minister, continu- 
ing in office about thirty years, and was followed 
by llev. Charles Thompson, a sketch of whose life 
will be found in this volume. The church had a 
large number of pastors and supplies for quite a 
term of years, until we come down to 1836, when 
Dr. Abial Fisher was chosen pastor and held the 
office for ten years. We thus bring the history of 
this ancient church down to 1846, where we leave 
it. Like all the old towns in the eastern section 
of Massachusetts, Swanssey has suffoi'ed from the 
removal of its inhabitants to other places, but still 
the old church maintains its visible existence, and 
preserves the purity of its ancient faith and order. 
Swartz, James S., was born in Montgomery 
Co., Pa., March 21, 1840; was baptized at Falls 
of Schuylkill, Philadelphia, by Rev. N. J. Clark, 
March 21, 1858 ; is still connected with the church 
at Falls of Schuylkill, and has for a number of 
years been the efficient superintendent of the Sun- 
day-school. He is also treasurer of the Philadel- 
phia Baptist Association, and prominently con- 
nected with the management of city and State 
mission work. He is a man of marked integrity 
and intelligence. 

Sweden, the Baptists in.— A young Swedish 
sailor, by the name of W. Schroeder, was one Lord's 
day morning led to the Baptist Mariners' church in 
New York, then under the care of Rev. I. R. Stew- 
ard. He had been converted during his voyage to 
tiie United States. On that Sabbath morning two 
sailors were baptized by Mr. Steward. It was the 
first time that Mr. Schroeder ever saw the ordinance 
of baptism. After a few weeks he was baptized 
liiiuself. 

On his return to Sweden he met a Swedish sailor 
by the name of F. 0. Nilson, who was laboring in 
that country as a missionary among sailors, under 
the patronage of the Seamen's Friend Society of 
New York. Through a remark make by Mr. 
Schroeder Mr. Nilson was led to investigate the 
subject of baptism. In July, 1847, he also was 
baptized, by Rev. J. G. Oncken in Hamburg. On 
the 21st of September, 1848, his wife and four 
others were baptized in the Kattegat, near Gotten- 
burg, by a Baptist missionary from Denmark, and 
the same evening the first Baptist church in Swe- 
den was organized. It consisted of six members. 
Mr. Nilson went around preaching and baptizing 
until the number of baptized believers yv-M fifty- 
two. 

But this could not be allowed by the Lutheran 
Romanism of Sweden. Consequently, Mr. Nilson 
received sentence of banishment in July, 1851, and 
was obliged to seek refuge in Denmark. In conse- 
quence of bitter persecution the majority of the 



church emigrated to America in the spring of 
1853. 

The Baptists who remained sufifered severe per- 
secution, being often fined and brought before the 
Consistory, the Inquisition of the Lutheran Church 
in Sweden, on a charge of not having had their 
children baptized, and of falling away from the 
orthodox faith. 

While these efforts were made to crush the move- 
ment in the south of Sweden, a new interest was 
springing up in the northern part of the country. 
A few persons in Stockholm who had been brought 
to a saving knowledge of Christ had begun to en- 
tertain doubts as to the validity of infant baptism. 
Among these was a furrier named D. Forsell. Just 
at this time, Andrew Wiberg, whose name is fa- 
miliar to American Baptists, was, in the providence 
of God, led to Stockholm, and his name has since 
then been identified not only with the Baptist move- 
ment in Sweden, but with all Christian work. Born 
in the north of Sweden in 1817, he commenced his 
career as a clerk in a store, but his love for books 
soon led him to abandon this occupation and to 
devote himself to study. As a student, he embraced 
skeptical ideas. But some one made the remark 
to him once that the Bible after all might be true, 
and, if so, it would be a fearful thing to fall into 
the hands of the living God. This remark left him 
dissatisfied with his skeptical views, and that awful 
" if" haunted him night and day. Su intense were 
his feelings that he had no peace until he found 
peace in Christ ; this took place in 1842. In the 
following year he was ordained as a clergyman of 
tiie Lutheran Church, and he remained as a min- 
ister in that church until 1849. During this time 
he preached Christ and him crucified fearlessly and 
faithfully, not only in the pulpits of the state 
church, but in obscure villages and farm-houses in 
the country, and the Lord blessed his labors to the 
salvation of many. But the relation with tiie state 
church troubled him, and in 1849 he resigned his 
office. In 1850 he traveled from the north of Swe- 
den to Stockholm. There he met with those breth- 
ren who were exercised on the subject of baptism. 
In 1851 he accompanied Mr. Forsell to Hamburg, 
where he met with the brethren J. G. Oncken and 
J. Kobner, with whom he entered into earnest dis- 
cussions on the subject, but continued firm in his 
belief in infixnt baptism. On his return to Stock- 
holm he began to study the subject thoroughly. 
The result was that he became convinced that the 
immersion of believers was the only Scriptural 
baptism, and, accordingly, he wrote his first work 
on baptism, an octavo volume of 320 pages, which 
was published in Upsala in 1852. 

His health having failed, a sea-voyage was rec- 
ommended by his physician. He left Stockholm 
for the United States, July 17, 1852. The vessel 



SWEDEN 



1127 



SWEDEN 



stopped at the island of Ainaj^er, near Copenhagen, 
and here Mr. AViberg was baptized in the Baltic, 
on July 23, by F. 0. Nilson. He remained two 
years in Ainei'ica. During this time the religious 
movement was making considerable progress in 
Sweden. There was also an interest awakened 
among the Christians in America for Sweden. In 
August, 1855, Mr. Wiberg received an appoint- 
ment from the American Baptist Publication So- 
ciety to labor as superintendent of missionary work 
in Sweden. On the evening of Aug. 23, 1855, a 
farewell meeting was held at the Fifth church, 
Sansom Street. Philadelphia, at which he was pub- 
licly set apart for the work, and at the same time 
united in marriage to Miss Caroline Lintemuth, 
who was a member of that church and a faithful 
laborer in the Sunday-school. During her twenty- 
five years of missionary labor in Sv\'eden, Mrs. AVi- 
berg has, under many difficulties and hardships, 
faithfully and, we may also say, heroically stood by 
the side of her husband as a true, loyal helper in 
his missionary work. 

During Mr. Wiberg's absence from Sweden the 
work there had increased year by year. The treat- 
ise on baptism, Avhich he wrote in 1852, had been 
published and extensively circulated, and created 
a great sensation. By reading it many were con- 
vinced of the truth with regard to baptism, and 
wished to be baptized. As there was no one to 
administer the ordinance, Brother P. F. Ilejden- 
berg went to Ilambui-g in the spring of 1854, and 
was there baptized and ordained. On his return 
to Sweden he baptized in different parts of the 
country a number of believers, and, at the close of 
the year, there were about 200 baptized converts. 
The following year — 1855 — was marked by a still 
greater increase, so that at its close the number 
had increased to 500. 

But the state church could not allow this move- 
ment. Brother Hejdenberg was within a short 
period summoned sixteen times to appear before 
judicial tribunals to answer the charge of having 
held religious meetings contrary to law, and he re- 
ceived eight imprisonments, each lasting from two 
to fourteen days. In the same year persecution 
was carried on in several provinces of the country. 
Thus, e.g.. Brother D. Forsell was sentenced to a 
fine of 100 crowns for preaching the gospel, and 
5 crowns in addition for violation of the Sabbath 
in preaching on Sunday. 

On their an-ival in Stockholm, Mr. and Mrs. 
Wiberg found a little band of 24 baptized be- 
lievers. The first Baptist Sunday-school in Swe- 
den was opened with 22 children, which number 
soon increased to 150. 

In 1856, Mr. "Wiberg started a semi-monthly re- 
ligious paper, called the Evangelist. In the same 
year the Missionary Union of Stockholm was 



formed, and four evangelists sent out into the 
field. Great good has been done through this and 
other similar societies afterwards formed in differ- 
ent parts of the country. 

At the close of 1S56 there were 21 Baptist 
churches in the country, with 961 members and 
24 preachers. As the cause progressed persecu- 
tion grew fiercer, and fines and imprisonments 
were reported almost every week. Some persons 
oven died from barbarous punishment. The fol- 
lowing year 1292 were baptized, and at the close 
of the year we had 2105 church members, 45 
churches, and 44 preachers. 

Even in this year severe persecution continued 
to rage, especially in the south of Sweden. There 
the authorities seized upon our Baptist preachers 
and imprisoned them whenever they found them 
outside the limits of their own parish. Six of our 
brethren were at one time imprisoned in solitary 
confinement at Ciiristianstad, and some were 
treated most barbarously. One of them, a blind 
evangelist, was confined in this prison eight days 
for having circulated religious books and tracts. 
When he was taken from prison an iron chain was 
attached to one of his ankles, and he was then 
taken in a prison-van to another station, where 
new irons were put upon him. In this condition 
he was sent back to his home, and compelled to 
pay a considerable sum of money. As he had no 
money of his own, they took what he had received 
from the sale of books, and also a watch which he 
wore, but which was not his own. Another evan- 
gelist and colporteur was seized, severely beaten, 
stripped of his clothing, thrown into cold water, 
had his hair cut close to his head, was dressed in 
a thin prisoner's dress, and then cast into a damp 
cell in the cold season of the year. Tiiere he was 
seized with an illness, from which he never fullj 
recovered. 

In the following year — 1858 — our membership 
increased to 3487 in 09 churches. 

At this time a young nobleman by the name of 
A. Drake, who had studied for the ministry at the 
University of Upsala, joined our denomination. 
He has since proved to be one of " the excellent 
of the earth," working most faithfully and efii- 
ciently as an editor of our denominational paper, 
The Weekly Post, and as a teacher in our theologi- 
cal seminary, not to mention his work in many 
other branches of Christian enterprise. 

As the lueeting-house of the Baptists in Stock- 
holm had for a long time been too small to contain 
all who attended worship, and as the church in 
Stockholm had no means for erecting a larger 
house, Mr. Wiberg undertook, in the year 1861, a 
journey to England, and succeeded in collecting 
£1100. But as this sum was entirely too small to 
justify an attempt to build, he, with Mrs. Wiberg, 



SWEDEN 



1128 



SWEET 



left ajiain in August, 1863, for America, to collect 
for the same purpose. There they received a 
hearty welcome in many places and from many 
dear Christian friends, who took a lively interest 
in the Swedish Mission. During their stay in 
America they met Mr. K. 0. Broady, a Swede hy 
birth, who had studied for the ministry at Madison 
Universitj', and afterwards served in the war. 
They also met A. E. Edgren, D.D., who had 
studied at the same place, and served in the war. 
These brethren were, together with Mr. Wiberg, 
appointed missionaries to Sweden, and sailed from 
America the 16th of June, 1866. Mr. Broady has 
since then been laboring as superintendent of our 
tlieological seminary, established the saine year, 
and also as a prominent preacher. Dr. Edgren re- 
turned in a few years to America, and has done a 
good work as principal of the Scandinavian de- 
partment in the Baptist Tlieological Seminary in 
Chicago. 

The work from that time till now has wonder- 
fully increased, so that the Baptists in Sweden 
numljer to-day about 20,000, united in 300 churches. 
They have also many missionary societies in dif- 
ferent parts of tiie country. They have been the 
pioneers of Sunday-school work, and they have 
about 17,000 scholai's in their Sunday-schools, with 
2000 teachers. We have also, after many difficul- 
ties, recently had a hymn-book prepared for our 
denomination. 

But, though the results of past labors are thus 
far encouraging, very much remains to be done. 
The country at large, though nominally Protestant, 
is still sunk in ignorance, superstition, bigotry, in- 
tolerance, and vice. The Baptists in Sweden are 
poor. Out of 300 churches there are only five or 
six Avho can support their own ministers, and the 
prospect for our young men who go out from our 
theological seminary is certainly not very briglit. 
AVe have also, as yet, the same opposition and the 
same persecution to contend against. Only a few 
days ago a young, earnest, and good Baptist min- 
ister, in the south of Sweden, was sentenced to a 
tine of 100 crowns for having preached the gospel 
to the people against the prohibition of the church 
council. Only three years ago he was imprisoned 
fifty-one days for the same cause, and, as he has 
no money to pay the fine, he will be imprisoned 
the second time. This is the latest addition to 
the black-list of similar deeds perpetrated by the 
Lutlieran State Church of Sweden. 

Sweet, Rev. Joel, was born Feb. 9, 1795, in 
Burlington, Otsego Co., N. Y. His father was an 
ordained Baptist minister, who, removing to Illinois 
about 1820, died near Jacksonville, in that State, 
in 1837. The son Joel having experienced a change 
of iieart in 1813, was baptized in 1817, uniting 
with the Baptist church at Virgil Corners, Cort- 



land Co., N. Y. In 1825, removing to Homer, he 
came under the personal influence of Rev. Alfred 
Bennett, who now became his pastor, and under 
that influence found his convictions of duty as to 
the Christian ministry much strengthened. About 
two years later he decided to devote himself to that 
work, and preached his first sermon at Lisle, in 
Broome County, to which place he had in the mean 
time removed. An interesting revival occurred at 
this place, beginning in a Bible-class taught by 
Mr. Sweet, and in this revival one afterwards well 
known in the ministi-y of Illinois, Rev. F. Kctchem, 
was converted. Mr. Sweet now determined to 
make the West his future home, and Feb. 23, 1830, 
arrived at Diamond Grove, near Jacksonville, 111. 
He immediately entered with great energy into 
Western work, becoming especially conspicuous for 
the vigor with which he assailed the anti-mission- 
ary, anti-Sunday-school, and anti-temperance influ- 
ences in the midst of which he found himself; his 
first special engagement being as a temperance lec- 
turer under the appointment of the New York 
State Temperance Society ; afterwards agent of the 
American Sunday-School Union. He was ordained 
at Diamond Grove in 1833. In his agency work 
he traveled very extensively through Central Illi- 
nois, and was the means of great good in giving 
right direction to public sentiment, founding Sun- 
day-schools, and encouraging weak churches. He 
was subsequently engaged in fruitful missionai-y 
work in Springfield and Quincy Associations. He 
also served as pastor the churches of Mount Ster- 
ling, Meridian, Barry, Lamarsh, and Treville. He 
died at the house of his son, E. D. L. Sweet, Esq., 
in Chicago, May 8, 1857. 

Sweet, Rev. John Davis, was born in Kings- 
ton, Mass., Oct. 16, 1S38. He received his early 
education in the Lyman School, East Boston, and 
was fitted for college in the Middleborough Acad- 
emy and at the Cambridge High School. In these 
preparatory schools, he took the first rank in schol- 
arship, deportment, and attendance. So far ad- 
vanced was he in his studies that he was able to 
enter the Sophomore class in Harvard College in 
1857. Here he stood very high in his class, and 
was prosecuting his work with success when failing 
health compelled him to abandon study for a time 
and seek restoration by travel in Europe. He had 
become a hopeful Christian while a student in the 
MiddlelDorough Academy, and the ministry was his 
chosen vocation. The failure of his health, how- 
ever, compelled him to lay aside his plans with 
reference to preaching. About the commencement 
of the year 1862 he embarked in business in old 
Cambridge, Mass., connecting himself with the 
Baptist church in that place, and becoming one of 
its most active members. His health improving, 
his former desire to enter the Christian ministry 



SWEET 



1129 



S YD NOR 



revived, and he decided to give up his 
lie was ordained in Octobsr, 1863, as pastor of the 
Baptist church in BlUerica, Mass., where he re- 
mained live years. He was then called to the im- 
portant position of pastor of the First Baptist 
church in Soinerville, Mass., being installed May 
4, 1868. In the midst of a career of great useful- 
ness he died at the early age of thirty years. Not 
long before his death he made arrangements for 
the payment of $10,000 to the 3Iissionary Union 
at his decease, subject to the co'ndition that the 
interest on this sum should be paid to his wife 
during her life. 

Sweet, Rev. Sylvester E., the pastor of the 
Baptist church at Elkhorn, Wis., was born in Leeds 
Co., Canada West, in 1839. He passed his early 
childhood in the place of his birth, but when six 
years of age he became a resident of Wisconsin. 
He was almost at the same time thrown upon his 
own resources, and very early in life developed that 
independence of character which has signally 
marked his subsequent career. He obtained a hope 
in Christ when twenty-three years of age, and a 
few years later, in 1867, united with the Baptist 
church at Lone Rock, Wis. Having determined to 
prepare himself for the Christian ministry, he began 
a course of studies with a view of fitting himself 
for that work. Having finished his preparatory 
studies at Silsby's Academy, he entered Wayland 
University in 1870, and completed the prescribed 
course of that institution. lie was ordained in 
1870 at Marble Ridge, Sauk Co., Wis., Rev. Joel 
W. Fish being moderator of the council and preach- 
ing the sermon. He has been pastor at De Soto 
two years, Beaver Dam two years, Trempeleau 
three years, Monticello Prairie and Albany two 
years, and is at present pastor of the Baptist 
churches at Elkhorn and Sugar Creek. During his 
ministry his labors have been largely blessed. 

Possessed of great energy and decision, com- 
bined with fine business tact and devoted piety, he 
has shown himself a good preacher, a good pastor, 
and a successful laborer in the vineyard of the 
Master. 

Swinney, Rev. C. P., M.D., a prominent and 
useful minister in South Arkansas, was born in 
1837. He began his ministry among the Method- 
ists, and came to Arkansas from Mississippi as a 



Methodist preacher just before the late war. 
A careful examination of the action and sub- 
jects of baptism led to a change of views, and 
he united with the Baptists at Atlanta, Ark., about 
1863, and was soon after ordained as a Baptist 
minister, and entered upon a successful work in 
Columbia Co., Ark., and in the adjoining parts of 
Louisiana. He had many converts, some of whom 
have become useful ministers. For some years past 
he has pursued the practice of medicine in connec- 
tion with the ministry. He died June, 1880. 

Sydnor, T. W., D.D., was born in Hanover 
Co., Va., June 1, 1816. He was brought up a 
Presbyterian, was awakened under a sermon 
preached by Dr. W. S. Plumer, and baptized in 
1831 into the fellowship of the Second Baptist 
church, Richmond, Va. In 1835 he entered the 
Virginia Baptist Seminary (Richmond College), 
and in 1835 the Columbian College, where he grad- 
uated in 1838, afterwards spending two years at 
Newton Theological Seminary. He was licensed 
to preach by the Second Baptist church of Rich- 
mond in 1836, and ordained at Bruington church, 
King and Queen Co., in 1841. During 1841 sup- 
plied that church ; during 1842 was an agent for the 
Columbian College ; during 1843 pastor at Farm- 
ville ; during 1844-45 was agent of the Baptist Gen- 
eral Convention fur Foreign Missions ; and during 
1846 agent of the Southern Baptist Convention. 
J^rom 1847, through a period of tliirty years, Dr. 
Sydnor preached for several churches in Nottoway 
Co., Va., where he has been greatly blessed, having 
baptized more than 3000 persons. In 1870 he was 
appointed county superintendent of public schools. 
He has been in the employ of the American Bap- 
tist Publication Society in Sunday-school work 
among the colored population. He is connected 
with several of the boards of the denomination, 
and has frequently presided as moderator in Asso- 
ciations, and is a trustee of Richmond College. He 
has published several excellent sermons, and is a 
frequent contributor to the Religious Herald. Dr. 
Sydnor's first wife was a daughter of Dr. Chapin, 
of the Columbian College. A very promising son 
of his, studying for the ministry, lost his life in the 
battle of Sharpsburg, Md. The Columbian College 
conferred the honorary degree of D.D. on Mr. Syd- 
nor in 1873. 



TAFT 



1130 



TALBIRD 



T. 



Taft, Sylvanus Adon, D.D., was bom at 

Mendon. N. Y., Jan. 6, 1825. In 1830 his parents 
removed to Washington, Mich., where he confessed 
the Saviour, and was immersed at- Stoney Creek, 
when he was eleven years old, by Rev. G. D. Sim- 
mons, lie was educated at Romeo, Rochester, 
Michigan University, Rochester University, and 
Rochester Theological Seminary ; was ordained at 
Stoney Creek, Mich., in 1845; graduated at Roch- 
ester, N. Y., in 1852. He was pastor at Stoney 
Creek, Mount Vernon, Ypsilanti, and Ilolley, Mich. ; 
Webster, N. Y. ; Quincy, III. ; Bethel, Palmyra, and 
Macon, Mo. ; Santa Rosa and Vacaville, Cal. ; re- 
moving to the Pacific coast in 1875. During his 
pastorates he has been largely engaged as an in- 
structor. He was principal of Disco Seminai'y one 
year; Oxford Institute, three years ; Fenton High 
School, four years; president of the Baptist college 
at Palmyra three years, and of California College 
one year. He is the author of the work entitled 
'• An Epitome of the Gospel." Dr. Taft is a clear 
thinker, ready speaker, warm in his sympathies, 
and an influential and honored leader in the de- 
nomination. 

Tag-gart, Rev. John M., was born near Phil- 
adelphia. Pa., Nov. 17, 1817, of Scotch-Irish an- 
cestry. His early years were spent in that city. 
Driven by the crash of 1837 to seek employment 
elsewhere, he went to the city of AVashington, and 
remained there about four years. Then he re- 
moved to Kentucky, where, under the ministrations 
of Elder Wm. Vaughan, he was converted, and bap- 
tized at Bloomfield, Nelson Co. He was licensed 
to preach by the Bloomfield church in November, 
1843, and ordained Dec. 27, 1845. Removed sub- 
sequently to Illinois, and spent several years at 
Jacksonville. In 1855 removed to Nebraska, just 
opened for settlement, reaching Omaha about May 
1. He was pastor at Nebraska City for four years, 
during which time the church edifice was built. 
Since that time he has labored wherever God's 
providence has called him. Since 1871 he has re- 
sided at Palmyra, laboring diligently in the Mas- 
ter's cause, and waiting the signal which shall in- 
vite him to rest from his labors. For years he has 
been the honored president of the State Conven- 
tion. 

Talbird, Henry, D.D., was born Nov. 7, 1811, 
on Hilton Head Island, Beaufort District, S. C. 
His family were among the earliest settlers and 



most prominent citizens of the State. Ilis grand- 
father, John Talbird, was a commissioned officer in 
the war of the Revolution, and carried to his grave 
marks of the wounds he had received in battle. 

Henry Talbird was educated at Madison Univer- 
sith, N. Y., and his studies embraced a full col- 
legiate and theological course. After graduating 
from the theological department in 1841 he was 
called to the pastorate of the Baptist church, Tus- 
caloosa, Ala. At the close of his first year's ser- 
vice the church unanimously invited him to become 
its permanent pastor, with a considerable increase 
of salary. But he had received a call to Mont- 
gomery, in the same State, and he concluded to 
remove to that city, where he remained nine years. 

In these two pastorates his ministrations were 
greatly blessed, the churches were built up in faith 
and zeal, and largely strengthened in numbers. 
At the time of his resignation of its pastorate the 
church in Montgomery had become, with one ex- 
ception, the strongest Baptist church in Alabama. 

AVhile in jMontgomery he was elected to the pro- 
fessorship of Theology in Howard College, Marion, 
Ala., and entered upon the duties of his office in 
January, 1852. At the close of the first year he 
was elected president of the college, and maintained 
that relation until the commencement of the civil 
war, in 1861. In 1854 the honorary degree of 
Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by the 
University of Alabama. At the beginning of the 
war he tried to retain his students, but the excited 
feelings of the people rendered it impossible, and 
the school became practically empty. 

During Dr. Talbird's administration Howard Col- 
lege was prospered as it had never been before. 
Not only was the number of students largely in- 
creased, but the interest of the Baptist denomina- 
tion throughout the State was aroused, and the 
brethren came readily and promptly to its assist- 
ance. So that in less than six years the endow- 
ment fund was increased from $45,000 to $225,000, 
besides adding to its possessions property to the 
value of $79,000. At the opening of the war it was 
one of the most flourishing institutions in the 
South. 

Dr. Talbird embraced the cause of the Confed- 
erate States, and lent all his energies to convert 
their battles into victories. In 1861 he entered 
the Confederate army with the rank of captain, in 
the 7th Alabama Regiment. At the close of the first 



TALBOT 



1131 



TALIAFERRO 



campaign he became a colonel, and organized the 
41st Alabama llegiment. While in the army, he 
was engaged in a number of battles and skirmishes, 
and enjoyed the full confidence of officers and 
men. After nearly three years of honorable ser- 
vice he was compelled to resign his commission on 
account of ill health. At the close of the war his 
health was still feeble, and he accepted a country 
pastorate, where his labors would not be so great 
as in the charges he held before. He spent two 
and a half years in Carlonville, Dallas Co., Ala., 
making a faithful and successful pastor, and win- 
ning the warm regards of his people. His health 
remaining feeble, he concluded to spend some time 
in traveling, and with feelings of profound regret, 
felt compelled to resign his pastorate and leave his 
people. 

At the close of some six months he received and 
accepted a call to Henderson, Ky. His ministry 
here was marked by that deep devotion to the 
interests of religion which endears the pastor to his 
people, and the church was greatly strengthened. 
After laboring in Henderson three years and a 
half, he received a call to the First Baptist church 
of Lexington, Mo., and in April, 1872, he entered 
upon his pastorate there. Over nine years have 
elapsed since he took charge of this church, and 
the affectionate regards of his people make his resi- 
dence in Lexington very happy. He is possessed 
of much personal magnetism, that attracts men to 
him. He has been elected a trustee of William 
Jewell College, and president of its board of edu- 
cation. He is held in high esteem by the faculty 
of that institution. 

He is polished in manners and address. He is 
devoted to study, and spends a large portion of 
his time in his well-selected library. He preaches 
from copious notes, but the greater portion of his 
discourse is extempore. His preaching is sound 
and practical, his logic clear and convincing. His 
sermons exhibit research and careful preparation, 
and always command the attention of his hearers 
from the beginning to the end. During his min- 
istry he has baptized over 2000 persons. Dr. Tal- 
bird exhibits no evidence of advancing years in his 
pulpit ministrations. 

Talbot, Sansom, D.D., was bom near Urbana, 
O., June 28, 1828 ; removed with his parents in 
1839 to McDonough Co., 111., Vhere, in 1846, he was 
converted, and united with the St. Mary's Baptist 
church. Immediately upon his conversion he de- 
cided to study for the ministry, and in the autumn 
of 1846 entered Granville College, where he gradu- 
ated with honor in 1851. After spending a year 
as tutor at Granville, he went to Newton Theolog- 
ical Seminary, where he took a full theological 
course. While at Newton he was appointed by 
the Missionary Union as a missionary to Siam, but 



circumstances causing delay he relinquished his 
purpose, and accepted a call to the pastorate of the 
First Baptist church of Dayton, 0., a position which 
he held from 1856 to 1863. In June, 1863, he was 
elected president of Denison University, then at 
a very critical period in its history. Assuming .at 
once the duties of this position he gave it all the 
energies of his nature, and the aspect of things 
speedily changed. After ten years of most suc- 
cessful but exhausting toil he died at Newton Cen- 
tre, Mass., wliere he had gone for rest, June 29, 
1873. 

Dr. Talbot was a man of boundless energy and 
courage. He went grandly through his life of 
study, and attained a scholarship which put him 
in the front rank of educated men. His presence 
at Denison was an inspiration. While yet a student 
at Newton he gave valuable assistance to Dr. Sears 
in his preparation of Roget's " Thesaurus." His 
sermons and lectures were models of clearness and 
conciseness. His early death was an occasion for 
mourning throughout the entire country. 

Taliaferro, Eev. Robert H., was born in Ken- 
tucky, Oct. 19, 1824. His mother dying early, he 
was trained by his sisters ; educated at Granville 
College, 0., and the AVestern Baptist Theological 
Seminary, Covington, Ky. ; professed religion at 
Granville ; ordained to the gospel ministry at Lubur- 
grund church, Montgomery Co., Ky., Sept. 15, 1846; 
was pastor at Galveston, Texas, several years ; spent 
most of his subsequent life at Austin, except two 
years, when he was a missionary among the Choc- 
taw Indians. His labors at Austin covered nearly 
twenty-five years, and were largely without com- 
pensation, and at a great sacrifice to himself. The 
first church in Williamson County was organized 
by him, when there was not a glass window or 
plank floor in the county. His labors at Bastrop, 
Webberville, Round Rock, and Chapel Hill were 
productive of great good. He was elected and 
served as chaplain of the senate of the twelfth, 
thirteenth, and fourteenth Legislatures of Texas, 
and he was one of the voluntary chaplains of the 
constitutional convention of 1875. 

He was associated with Rev. George W. Baines, 
Sr., either as editor or special contributor of the 
Texas Baptist for sis years. Besides contributions 
to periodicals, which were numerous and very able, 
he wrote three works of a religious character, — one 
on '"Infidelity," another entitled " AVhich is our 
Saviour, Christ or the Church?" the third is a 
" Series of Sermons." The first two were pub- 
lished, and are able, exhaustive, and practical 
works. The third has not been published. He 
died Nov. 19, 1875, leaving a wife, one son, and 
four daughters to the care of a devoted father and 
grandfather. He was remarkable for his indiffer- 
ence to worldly goods, and cai-ed little for secular 



TALLMADGE 



1132 



TAYLOR 



honors. The number of sermons which he preached, 
the number of persons he baptized, and the number 
converted under his ministry miist be counted by 
thousands. No purer, abler, more devoted, self- 
sacrificing minister of the New Testament has lived 
or. died in Texas. Rev. George W. Baines, Sr., 
says of him, '"that he was the man who did more 
by his pen to establish Bible truth in the minds of 
Texas Baptists than any other writer in the State 
or out of it." 

Tallmadge, Judge Matthias Bf, was born at 
Stamford, Dutchess Co., N. Y., March 1, 1774; 
graduated at Yale College 1795 ; studied law with 
Chief-Justice Spencer at Hudson, N. Y. ; practised 
at Herkimer ; represented his county in the State 
Legislature and the western district of New York 
in the State senate. His marked abilities and as- 
siduity in the discharge of public duties brought 
him to the notice of the President of the United 
States, who appointed him judge of the U. S. Dis- 
trict Court for New York. This resulted in his 
removal to New York City, where, notwithstand- 
ing a feeble constitution and almost constant ail- 
ments, he won great distinction for the masterly 
manner in which he performed the varied and dif- 
ficult duties of his ofiice. It was during this period 
of his busy life that he gave profound study to the 
Word of God, and while spending the summer of 
1811 at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., made a profession of 
faith, and was baptized by Rev. Lewis Leonards, 
then pastor there. 

Although much occupied with his judicial duties 
and a great sufierer from periodical attacks of fever, 
he became deeply interested in all the missionary 
enterprises of the denomination, and occupied po- 
sitions of high trust in the General Baptist Con- 
vention, and on its executive board. His illness in 
his latter years made it necessary for him to spend 
his winters in the Southern States, where he im- 
proved his opportunities to acquaint himself with 
the leading men and enterprises of the denomina- 
tion, and so much did he endear himself to the 
Southern people that they appointed him to repre- 
sent their churches in the original and the succeed- 
ing meetings of the General Convention. In 1803 
he married Miss Elizabeth Clinton, daughter of 
Hon. George Clinton, then governor of New York, 
and afterwards Vice-President of the United States. 
He died Oct. 7, 1819, in the forty-sixth year of his 
age, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., greatly lamented by 
his family, his church, and the nation. 

Tanner, Robert Lynn, a prominent layman in 
Louisiana, was born in South Carolina in 1793 ; 
came to Rapides Parish, La., in 1813. He was a 
man of large means, which he liberally employed 
for the Master's cause. For many years he sup- 
ported the pastor of the Cherryville Baptist church, 
of which he was a deacon ; was often elected mod- 



erator of the Louisiana Baptist Association and 
vice-president of the State Convention. 

Tappan, Lewis N., a New Englander by birth, 
was not a professor of religion till actively engaged 
in business. When he became a Christian he en- 
gaged in religious work with all his might. Much of 
his time was spent in the Rocky Mountains among 
the miners, but he found opportunities for attend- 
ing to his religious duties, and shared his means 
in helping when assistance was needed, whether at 
home or abroad. lie was a natural leader and a 
good counselor. He died in 1880 at Leadville, 
Col., where he will be much missed. He was 
widely known and highly esteemed. 

Tatum, S. 0.— In 1870 the Baptists of North 
Carolina were called on to mourn the loss of Mr. 
S. 0. Tatum, a wise and good man, who did much 
to develop the churches of his part of the State. 
He was born in Davie Co., N. C, and at the age 
of twenty-five determined to obtain a liberal edu- 
cation. He graduated at Wake Forest College in 
1852. The last years of his life were devoted to 
teaching and to the improvement of the churches 
of the Yadkin Association, of which he was mod- 
erator. 

Taylor, Rev. Alfred, a minister widely known 
and of great moral worth, was the son of Rev. 
Joseph Taylor, and was born in Warren Co., Ky., 
July 19, 1808. AVhen three years of age he was 
taken by his parents to Butler County, where he 
grew up to manhood. He attended a school con- 
ducted by Rev. D. L. Mansfield, and was after- 
wards under the tutorship of the distinguished 
Rev. William Warder. He was for many years 
the intimate friend and fellow-laborer of Dr. J. M. 
Pendleton. He united with Sandy Creek Baptist 
church, in Butler County, in 1829; was licensed 
to preach in 1831, and ordained in 1834. He 
soon became '"pastor of four country churches." 
But his labor embraced a much larger field. He 
introduced into Gasper River Association in 1837 
the practice of holding " protracted meetings." 
" Within less than six months," Rev. Dr. J. S. 
Coleman states, " he baptized over 800 persons." 
From this time he labored with indefatigable zeal 
for more than twenty years, and with a degree of 
success that few men have attained. Of the mul- 
titude baptized by him more than thirty became 
ministers of the gospel. He was active in all the 
benevolent enterprises of his denomination in the 
State. His sons, J. S. Taylor, J. P. Taylor, and 
W. C. Taylor, are excellent Baptist ministers. He 
died Oct. 9, 1855. 

Taylor, B. F., was born in Lowville, N. Y., in 
1822. He was educated at Madison University, 
Hamilton, N. Y., of which his father was president. 
He is, and has long been, occupying a prominent 
position as a racy descriptive writer. For many 



TAYLOR 



1133 



TAYLOR 



years he was literary editor of the Chicago Evening 
Journal, and was its principal army correspondent 
during the civil war, following the headquarters 
of the Army of the Cumberland. In picturesque 
description his letters surpassed all contemporaries. 
Some of them have been gathered into a volume 
entitled " Pictures in Camp and Field," 1867, of 
which a new edition has recently appeared. He 
has published several books, among which are 
" Attractions of Language," 1845; "January and 
June." 1853; "Three November Days," "The 
World on Wheels," 1873; "Old Time-Pictures 
and Sheaves of Rhyme," 1874. Numerous edi- 
tions have been issued of all his books. 

He is also a popular lecturer on the lyceum 
platform, especially in the West. He resides at 
La Porte, Ind. 

Taylor, Prof. Charles E.— The Rev. James B. 
Taylor, D.D., of blessed memory, gave three sons 
to tiie ministry. The oldest. Dr. Geo. B., is a mis- 
sionary at Rome, Italy ; the second, James B., is 
pastor of the First Baptist church of Wilmington, 
N. C. ; and the third, Charles E., has been for ten 
years the Professor of Latin in Wake Forest Col- 
lege. Prof. Taylor was born in Richmond, Va., 
Oct. 12, 1842; was baptized by Dr. J. B. Jeter 
when but ten years of age ; went from Richmond 
College into a regiment of cavalry, and fought 
through the war ; then spent five years at the Uni- 
versity of Virginia, graduating in most of the 
schools of that famous college ; made a trip to 
Eui-ope in 1870, and was ordained in April, 1871, 
Drs. AVingate, Walters, and J. B. Taylor, Sr., com- 
prising the Presbytery. He is at present agent 
of the Board of Education, as well as professor in 
AVake Forest College. He has been pastor of the 
■churches in Lewisburg and Oxford, N. C. 

Taylor, Rev. Dan, was born Dec. 21, 1738, 
near Halifax, England. His mother was his early 
teacher, and the Bible was his first school-book. 
When three years old he could read so well that he 
attracted the attention of all that knew him. He first 
found the Saviour when about fifteen years of age. 
He was an Arminian in his doctrinal sentiments, 
and could not obtain baptism from Particular Bap- 
tist ministers ; he journeyed on foot in unpleasant 
weather one hundred and twenty miles to be baptized 
by Mr. Thompson, in Boston, Lincolnshire. He was 
pastor at Wadsworth, near Halifax, in Halifax 
itself, and in London. He founded the General Bap- 
tist Academy for the education of young ministers, 
of which he was president for fifteen years. When 
The General Baptist Magazine was established he 
became its first editor. He was the author of more 
than fifty books and pamphlets, the chief of which 
is an admirable body of divinity, except its Armin- 
ianism, entitled " The Christian Religion." 

He was fifty-five years in the ministry, and 



during that period preached nearly twenty thou- 
sand sermons ; he traveled extensively, attending 
ordinations, church dedications, and Associations. 
He was a man of undoubted ability, deep piety, and 
great usefulness. 

Clergymen of all denominations regarded him 
with confidence and affection ; and the Lord of 
pastors shed abroad much of his love in his heart. 
He died in London, Nov. 26, 1816, in the seventy- 
eighth year of his age. 

Taylor, Elisha E. L., D.D., was born at Delphi, 
N. Y., Sept. 25, 1815, and died at Brooklyn, N. Y., 
Aug. 20, 1874. He graduated at Madison Univer- 
sity and at the Theological Seminary at Hamilton, 
N. Y. He accepted a call to a new interest, now 
the Pierpont Street Baptist church in Brooklyn, 
N. Y. After nine years of labor with it, it had 
grown so large that it was thought best to colonize, 
and he went out with others and formed the Strong 
Place Baptist church, which speedily became one 
of the strongest churches in Brooklyn. 

In 1865 he was elected to the secretaryship of 
the Church Edifice Fund of the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society. Through his labors a fund 
of several hundred thousand dollars was accumu- 
lated, and many feeble churches on the Western 
borders were aided in building houses of worship. 
He has entered the heavenly rest after a life of 
great usefulness. 

Taylor, George B., D.D., eldest son of Rev. 
James B. Taylor, D.D., and Mary Williams Tay- 
lor, who was the daughter of Elisha Williams, a 
Revolutionary soldier, and aide of Gen. Washing- 
ton, and afterwards pastor of the Baptist church at 
Beverly, Mass., was born Dec. 27, 1832, in Rich- 
mond, Va. He was educated at Richmond College, 
and graduated Bachelor of Arts in 1851, after 
which he was engaged in teaching in Fluvanna Co., 
Va. Subsequently, he entered the University of 
Virginia, and after a three years' course graduated in 
most of the schools of that institution. While a stu- 
dent at the university he was ordained to the min- 
istry at Charlottesville, and daring the remainder of 
his university course served as pastor of two country 
churches in the vicinity. After leaving the uni- 
versity, he became the first pastor of the Franklin 
Square Baptist church, Baltimore, and continued 
in that relation two years. From Baltimore he re- 
moved to Staunton, Va., and became pastor of the 
church in that place, where he remained about 
twelve years, during which time the church was 
greatly prospered. After the beginning of the war, 
he, with the consent of the church, acted as chap- 
lain in Gen. Stonewall Jackson's corps during the 
entire campaign of 1862, and subsequently officiated 
both as pastor and chaplain of the post, until the 
close of hostilities. He also visited the Army of 
Northern Viroinia at the time of the " great revi- 



TAYLOR 



TAYLOR 



val," and took an active part in that remarkable 
work of divine grace. In 1869 he became chaplain 
of the University of Virginia, a position adorned by 
some of the ablest clergymen in the State, and 
served during the usual period of two years, at the 
termination of which he was recalled to the pastor- 
ate of the Staunton church. He returned to that 
place, and remained until 1873, when he was ap- 
pointed by the Mission Board of the Southern Bap- 
tist Convention missionary to Rome, with the spe- 
cial duty of administering the affairs of the Italian 
mission. 

For two years Dr. Taylor was associated with 
the Rev. F. Wilson, D.D., in editing The Christian 
Review, and during that time contributed to its 
pages some valuable articles. Since January, 
1876, he has, in connection with the evangelist, 
Sig. Cocorda, conducted 11 Seminatore, a monthly 
Baptist magazine in the Italian language, con- 
tributing frequent leading articles. lie has also 
added several volumes to our popular literature, 
having written the " Oakland Stories"' (four juven- 
ile volumes), published by Sheldon & Co., New 
York ; " Coster Grew" and " Roger Bernard" (re- 
ligious stories for youth), " Walter Ennis" (a tale 
founded on early Virginia Baptist history), and 
" Life and Times of James B. Taylor," besides 
several smaller volumes, published by the Ameri- 
can Baptist Publication Society. He was one of 
the recording secretaries of the Southern Bap- 
tist Convention from 1856 to 1866. In 1872 he 
received the degree of D.D., from Richmond Col- 
lege, and also from the University of Chicago. Dr. 
Taylor was married in 1858 to Susan Spotswood 
Braxton, great-granddaughter of Carter Braxton, 
one of the Virginia signers of the Declaration of 
Independence. 

The mission at Rome is one that lies near to the 
hearts of all Baptists, and especially Southern 
Baptists. Six years ago serious troubles had em- 
barrassed the work in that city. It was necessary 
to find a man who should be both gentle and wise, 
to whom the whole management of the mission 
must be intrusted if any permanent good was to 
result from it. Dr. Taylor was thought to be such 
a man, and accordingly he was urged to accept the 
position. This he did, and sailed with his family 
from New York in July, 1873, for Rome, where he 
soon won the confidence of the evangelists and 
churches. From the very day of his arrival he 
made himself felt as a prudent and persevering 
laborer for the Master. The vexatious troubles 
vanished, and the mission began at once to thrive, 
and has been steadily advancing ever since, so 
much so that the Italian mission is now the most 
flourishing of all the foreign work of the Southern 
Baptist Convention. A convenient chapel has been 
secured at the cost of about $25,000, situated in 



one of the most eligible positions in the city, being 
a few steps only from the Pantheon and from the 
University of Rome. The mission comprises 10 
stations, 9 evangelists, and nearly 150 members • 
and churches have been either established or 
strengthened at La Tour, Milan, Modena, Naples, 
Bari, Barletta, Venice, and in the island of Sar- 
dinia. In reference to Dr. Taylor, Dr. Prime, edi- 
tor of the New York Observer, wrote : " He is a man 
of decided character ; with a clear and vigorous 
intellect, a tender and glowing heart, and such a 
sound judgment as secures for him the respect and 
confidence of all who represent Protestant missions 
in Rome. . . . These missions form an important 
part of the great work now in progress for the 
spread of evangelical religion in this land of papal 
darkness. To the eye of unbelief it may seem the 
day of very small things. But it is enough to plant 
the seed, and the rains of heaven will descend upon 
it to the redemption of Italy. Now is the time to 
sow the seed of the Woi-d. Dr. Taylor is able to 
extend his missions and multiply the number of 
laborers just as ftist as he has the means to support 
them. And you may be certain that he is judi- 
cious, careful, and wide-awake." 

Taylor, Rev. Isaac, son and successor in the 
pastoral oflice of Rev. William Taylor, a popular 
and useful minister of his State, was born in Buf- 
falo, Va., in 1772. He was taken by his parents 
to Kentucky when he was twelve years old. In 
his early life he was thoughtless and fond of pleas- 
ure. He was baptized by his father, and united 
with Cox's Creek church in 1801 ; was licensed to 
preach in 1810, and ordained in 1813. He became 
pastor of Cox's Creek and three neighboring 
churches, and baptized a great number of persons, 
and was honored by all classes of society. He 
died suddenly on his way home from preachings 
March 13, 1842. 

Taylor, James Barnett, D.D., was born in the 
village of Barton-upon-IIumber, England, March 
19, 1804. His father having removed to this 
country in 1805, settled in the city of New York, 
and in 1817 removed to Virginia. At the age of 
thirteen young Taylor was baptized, and united 
with the First Baptist church of New York. At 
the age of sixteen he began to speak publicly for 
Christ, and in 1824 he was licensed to preach. 
Soon after he was appointed by the General Bap- 
tist Association of Virginia to labor as a missionary 
in the lower section of the Meherran district. He 
was ordained. May 2, 1826, at Sandy Creek. In 
1826 he became pastor of the Second Baptist church 
of Richmond, Va., in which relation he continued 
sixteen years, during which the church was greatly 
enlarged and strengthened. AVhile here his labors 
were indefatigable in developing the graces of the 
church, in organizing Sunday-schools and Bible 



TAYLOR 



1135 



TAYLOR 



societies, and in promoting the cause of education. 
Six hundred and sixty members were added to the 
church, three new churches were organized by 
members mainly from his congregation, and ten or 
twelve of those whom he baptized entered the 
ministry. He was a very efficient worker, also, in 
behalf of foreign missions. Dr. Taylor preached 
frequently in the surrounding country and in the 
adjacent cities. As the result of his labors in Bal- 
timore, in connection with the Rev. John Kerr, 
the Calvert Street Baptist church was formed. In 
1838 he traveled West as agent of the Virginia 
Baptist General Association. In 1839 he was 
elected chaplain of the University of Virginia, 
where his labors among the students and in the 
community resulted in great good. In 1840 he 
became pastor of the Third Baptist church (Grace 
church), Richmond, and through his labors their 
beautiful church edifice was built. In 1844 he 
traveled South with the missionary Kincaid, stim- 
ulating the churches to greater zeal in the cause of 
missions, and collecting large sums of money for 
the Northern board. Soon after the organization 
of the Southern Baptist Convention Dr. Taylor 
became its corresponding secretary, which respon- 
sible position he held until his death, a period of 
twenty-six years. His labors while secretary were 
exceedingly onerous. He traveled constantly ; 
preached three times on almost every Sunday : 
addressed letters of encouragement to mission- 
aries, and of exhortation to churches and individ- 
uals; edited several journals, and accomplished an 
amount of good of which his immediate associates 
alone were cognizant. For thirteen years during 
his secretaryship Dr. Taylor was pastor of the 
Taylorsville church, but at the opening of the war 
he resigned his pastorate, and labored during the 
contest in camps and hospitals as colporteur of the 
Virginia Sunday-School and Publication Board; 
and for three years as Confederate post-chaplain. 
At the close of the w.ar the missions of the South- 
ern Baptist Convention were in a disorganized 
condition, with a debt of §10,000 hanging over 
them. The secretary immediately undertook the 
task of liquidating the debt, which he succeeded in 
doing, at the sauie time stimulating the churches to 
new vigor and efforts in behalf of the imperiled 
missions. He was also greatly interested in the 
welfare of the freedmen so suddenly removed from 
all their old relations ; and he was appointed to 
confer with the secretary of the Freedmen's Bureau 
with regard to the best plans for assisting them. 
Ills last sermons were preached in Alexandria to 
colored congregations, and his interest in the mis- 
sion in Africa was manifested on his death-bed. 
This faithful servant of God, having diligently 
served his generation, fell asleep Dec. 22, 1871. 
As a preacher, Dr. Taylor was impressive and in- 



structive, simple in style, and solemn in manner. 
As a pastor, he had but few equals, moving among 
his people, as well as in the community generally, 
as a constant messenger for good. As a writer, he 
has done much for the literature and history of the 
denomination. He was for a short time editor of 
t\\% Religious Herald ; he originated the Son them 
Baptist Missionary Journal and Home and Foreign 
Journal. He wrote a " Life of Lot Gary,'' a " Life 
of Luther Rice,"' and two volumes of the "Lives 
of Virginia Baptist Ministers," containing more 
than a thousand pages, a most valuable work, the 
materials of which were collected only after vast 
toil and innumerable hindrances. He also began 
a " History of Virginia Baptists," for which he 
was specially fitted, but which he did not live to 
complete. In addition to all these literary, pas- 
toral, and official labors as secretary of the board, 
he wrote, as editor of the Foreign Mission Journal, 
articles that would fill many volumes. Dr. Poin- 
dexter, who was associated with him for some time 
in the secretaryship of the board, says of him, as 
illustrating the pressure of his labors, " He was at 
the same time corresponding secretary, financial 
manager, general traveling agent, and editor of the 
board." In the various walks of life. Dr. Taylor 
quietly and perseveringly accomplished the high 
and holy purposes which filled his soul. Remem- 
bering the fact that he was not physically strong, 
few have left a more abiding impress on the 
churches and the great denominational agencies 
which they employ than the subject of this sketch. 

Taylor, Rev. James B., Jr., the second son of 

Dr. J. B. Taylor, was born in Richmond, A''a., Oct. 
22, 1837 ; was baptized by the Rev. Dr. Jeter, Dec. 
19, 1852; and was a student at Richmond College, 
the University of Virginia, and the Southern Bap- 
tist Theological Seminary. While pursuing his 
theological course the war commenced. He joined 
the army, and was appointed a chaplain in Gen. 
W. II. F. Lee's command, in which position he was 
very useful. At the close of the war he was called 
to the pastorate of the Baptist church in Culpeper, 
which position he held for ten years, and where a 
large harvest was reaped for the Master. At the 
beginning of his labors there the church numbered 
only 28 ; at its close 320 had been added to its 
membership, besides which 500 conversions had 
taken place in protracted meetings in which he 
had assisted. The ravages of the war had left the 
church edifice in Culpeper almost in ruins ; but in 
a little while, through the exertions of Mr. Taylor, 
it was so repaired as to become one of the most 
commodious and beautiful buildings in that part 
of the State. In October, 1875, he accepted an in- 
vitation to become pastor of the church in Wilming- 
ton, N. C, which position he still holds. He has 
published an exceedingly popular little pamphlet 



TAYLOR 



1136 



TAYLOR 



entitled " Simple Truths," a catechism for infant 
classes, which has passed to a third edition, and 
which has been, or is to be, translated into the 
Yoruban tongue and the Italian language, requests 
to that effect having been made by the missionaries 
at those stations. Mr. Taylor has also delivered 
some very popular addresses at literary commence- 
ments. 

Taylor, Prof. Jas. M., A.M., was born in Ilolm- 
del, N. J., Sept. 19, 1843 ; graduated at Madison 
University in 1867, and Hamilton Theological Semi- 
nary in 1869 ; was principal for several years of 
the grammar-school, now Colgate Academy ; at the 
present time he is Professor of Pure Mathematics 
in Madison University ; a man of great ability and 
Christian integrity. 

Taylor, Rev. John, a distinguished pioneer 
preacher and writer, was born in Fauquier Co., 
Va., in 1752. He united with the Baptists in 
his twentieth year. He began to preach almost 
immediately after he joined the church, and con- 
tinued with great success. He located in Kentucky 
in 1779. The first religious revival in that State 
commenced under his preaching in Woodford 
County in 1785. In that year he raised up Clear 
Creek church, to which he ministered about ten 
years. In 1795 he removed to Boone County, 
where he and several others had constituted a 
small church called Bullittsburg the year before. 
Here he ministered about seven years, during which 
time 113 persons were baptized into that church. 
In 1802 he settled in Trimble County, where, two 
years before, he had gathered Corn Creek church, 
to which he ministered about fifteen years. In 
1815 he removed to Franklin County, where he 
aided in constituting a church in Frankfort in 1816, 
to which he also ministered. In 1818 he formed 
Buck Run church, and was the pastor for a num- 
ber of years. He traveled and preached very ex- 
tensively, and probably performed more labor, and 
was more successful, than any other pioneer preacher 
in Kentucky. He was a strong and pointed writer. 
He published "The Histoi-y of Ten Churches," 
" Thoughts on Missions," and several brief biogra- 
phies, which are of great value to the Baptist his- 
torian of Kentucky. He also wrote much that was 
valuable for the periodical press. He died at his 
i-esidence near Frankfort in the winter of 1836. 

Taylor, Col. Joseph, was born in Oxford town- 
ship, Philadelphia Co., Pa., March 15, 17Q,1. He 
was baptized in his fifteenth year into the fellow- 
ship of the Second Baptist church, Philadelphia, 
of which he remained an honored member until 
his death, in 1869. In early life he was colonel of 
the 79th Regiment Pa. Militia. He was a member 
of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania in 1829- 
30, and of the senate from 1830-34. During his 
residence in New Jersey he served in the Assembly 



of that State, and he was its Speaker in the session 
of 1843-44. He was a member of the common 
council of Philadelphia, and subsequently of the 
select council. He was treasurer of the Philadel- 
phia Baptist Association, and president of the 
Philadelphia Bible Union, and the first layman 
that ever presided over the Philadelphia Baptist 
Association, though in 1849, when he was modera- 
tor, the Association was in its one hundred and 
forty-second year. 

Col. Taylor was a gentleman of culture and 
courtesy, an honor to the church with which he 
was so long connected, and to the denomination 
whose principles were so dear to him, and which 
he was so competent to defend and so gratified to 
commend. In public life his honor was never ques- 
tioned ; as a Christian he was without reproach. 

Taylor, Stephen W., LL.D., was born in 

Adams, Berkshire Co., Mass., Oct. 28, 1791 ; bap- 
tized, in 1810, at Edmeston, Otsego Co., N. Y. ; 
graduated at Hamilton College in 1817, being the 
valedictorian of his class; entered, in 1818, on his 
life profession of educator, as principal of Lowville 
Academy, and under his administration no acad- 
emy in New York stood higher. In 1834 accepted 
the principalship of the academic department of 
Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution. 
The department being greatly demoralized. Dr. 
Taylor distinguished himself by efi'ecting a most 
admirable discipline and by organizing a high 
grade of instruction. In 1838 he accepted the 
chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in 
Madison University, which he resigned in 1845 and 
went to Lewisburg, Pa., where he founded the uni- 
versity at Lewisburg, and was its president five 
years. (See Lewisburg University.) In 1851 was 
called to the presidency of Madison University. 
(See Madison Uxiversitv.) His accession was a 
most happy event in the history of the university, 
occurring when it did, at the close of the removal 
controversy. Trusted in the greatest degree by the 
denomination, the eifect was to restore confidence 
in the fortunes of the university. During the first 
year of his presidency the number of students in- 
creased from 33 to 84, and during the three following 
years the number reached 216, a number larger than 
that of the students in attendance at the beginning 
of the controver.sy. At the end of the first year the 
college received an endowment of $60,000. On 
Jan. 6, 1856, Dr. Taylor died of a long-continued 
and painful illness. Dr. Taylor was pre-eminently 
a man of will. By nature and culture a poet, he 
"suppressed" this rare gift, and made himself one 
of the best mathematicians of his day. He would 
have been acknowledged as a master in any de- 
partment, and his choice of the vocation of teacher 
was the result of his conscientiousness. For this 
high calling he trained himself with the greatest 



^^^ 



TAYLOR 



1137 



TEASDALE 



care, and gave to it day by day the ripest efforts of 
his life. He left two sons and a dauifhter, who in- 
herited much of their father's genius. One of the 
sons, B. F. Taylor, is widely known by his poems 
and his other writings. 

Taylor, Thomas A., Esq., was born in Jenkin- 
town, Pa., in 1814. His father, who died in 1822, 
was a man of intelligence, and the year of his deatli 
lie had every prospect of being elected to the Con- 
gress of the United States. The education of 
Thomas A. Taylor was liljeral. In mercantile 
pursuits in Philadelphia, to which his life was 
largely devoted, he secured an ample competency, 
and, finding himself in comfortable circumstances, 
he retired from business in 1856. 

He was forty-six years a member of the Second 
Baptist church of Philadelphia. For a long period 
he was the treasurer of the Pliiladelphia Baptist 
Association. He was a Cin-istian of large affec- 
tions, whose gifts bountifully blessed almost every 
good cause. Never had Bible truth a warmer 
friend, or the church a more faithful member. 

Taylor, Rev. William, a distinguished pioneer 
preacher, was born in New Jersey in 1737. In his 
childhood his parents removed to Virginia, where 
he remained until he was twenty-one, and then re- 
turned to his native State. Here he united with the 
Baptists, and commenced preaching. After a short 
time spent in New Jersey, he removed to Buffalo 
(now Bethany), Va., and thence to the southeastern 
part of Ohio, wiiere he remained eight years. In 
1784 he located in Nelson Co., Ky., where he 
founded Cox's Creek church. In the fall of 1785 
he, with others, constituted Salem Association. 
In addition to his pastorate he was very active in 
preaching among the new settlements, and was in- 
strumental in raising up churches in Nelson and 
the adjoining counties. He died, greatly lamented, 
in September, 1809. 

Taylor, Rev. William, a native of New Hamp- 
shire, was among the earlier ministers in Michigan. 
His home was at Schoolcraft, where he devoted his 
life to the care of the churches and to Christian 
educational interests. "With long persistent labor, 
and a liberal use of his means, he established an 
academy called the Cedar Park Female Seminary, 
the operation of which was very useful for a num- 
ber of years, and the property .avails of which arc 
still serving the education of young women in 
Kalamazoo College. He also gave liberally to the 
Baptist Convention for its theological and other 
work. He peacefully met the end of the righteous 
June 7, 1852, and is remembered by many with 
grateful love. 

Teague, E. B., D.D., was born in South Caro- 
lina in 1820; came with his parents to Alabama, 
and located in Shelby County when a child ; grad- 
uated in the University of Alabama in 1840, under 



Dr. Maiily. In his early ministry he was pastoi- 
of some strong and wealthy churches in the west- 
ern part of the State, and professor in the Southei-n 
Female College, after which he was called to La 
Grange, Ga., where he was pastor for ten years, 
embracing the period of the late wai-. He next 
became president of the East Alabama Female 
College at Tuskegee, and pastor of the church in 
that place for one year, after whicli he was pastor 
of the church in the city of Selma for six or eight 
years. His principal pastorates wore Lagrange 
and Selma, two of our strongest Southern churches, 
and his connection with them was a success. For 
about four years past he has been residing on his 
beautiful farm — " Red Lawn" — in Shell)y County, 
and preaching for the churches in Columbiana. 
Montevallo. Fayetteville, and Wilsonville. Supe- 
rior in scholarship, profound in theological re- 
search, eloquent in the presentation of thought, he 
stands second to no man in the State as an instruc- 
tive preacher. Gifted beyond measure in conversa- 
tion, thoroughly read in classic and historical liter- 
ature, and possessed of a devout Christian spirit, 
combined with a rich flow of agreeable anecdotes, 
he is one of the most companionable men. One 
seldom parts with him without feeling that he has 
enjoyed a rare social and religious treat. The de- 
gree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him 
by Howard College. 

Teale, Rev. Josiah Harris, was born Jan. 16, 
1846, in Coshocton Co., 0. ; spent his early years 
on a farm ; was converted, in 1866, while at Wes- 
leyan University, Delaware, 0. ; baptized and joined 
the Rock Run church in 1867 ; dedicated his life 
to the ministry ; graduated at Denison University 
in 1874 •, was licensed in 1873 by the Pleasant 
Hill church, O. ; went to California in 1875; 
was ordained at Santa Cruz in 1876 ; preached as 
pastor at Napa, Santa Cruz, and Saint Helena ; was 
pastor at Victoria, British Columbia, from Septem- 
ber, 1877, to January, 1879, when he accepted a 
call to the First Baptist church of Oregon City, 
Oregon, where he is now laboring with success, 
and is numbered among the influential preachers 
of Oregon. 

Teasdale, Rev. John, was born in New Jersey. 
Nov. 12, 1806. He was converted at twenty, and 
baptized by Rev. Leonard Fletcher. He was soon 
licensed to preach, and entered Madison Univer- 
sity, N. Y. After four years of study he left on 
account of feeble health. He became pastor of the 
Baptist church at Newton, N. J. Mr. Teasdale 
removed to Virginia in 1836, and for four years 
was pastor at Fredericksburg. In 1842 he returned 
to New Jersey, and took charge of the Schooley's 
Mountain church. In 1850 he removed to Alton, 
111., and was an efficient agent of the Alton College. 
A new building was erected, nnd funds raised for 



TEASDALE 



TELOOGOOS 



the endowment. He was called to the pastorate of 
the Tliird Baptist church of St. Louis. In a year 
a good chapel was built and additions to the church 
were made. While in the midst oF this ,a;ood work 
his days were ended by the terrible catastrophe 
at the Gasconade bridge, on the Pacific Railroad, 
where many prominent citizens of St. Louis lost 
their lives. 

Teasdale, Jos. H., was born in New Jersey in 
1817; removed to Virginia when twenty years of 
age; made a profession of religion at eighteen, 
and removed to St. Louis in 1847. Mr. Teasdale 
was one of the constituent members of the Third 
Baptist church of St. Louis, and for many years 
has been a deacon, and a generous supporter of 
the church. His brother, Rev. John Teasdale, 
was its pastor, and Thomas C. Teasdale, D.D., and 
Deacon Martin Teasdale, a member of the Second 
Baptist church, are his brothers. His Christian 
character and influence are acknowledged in St. 
Louis and in Missouri. 

Teasdale, Thomas Cox, D.D., was born in the 

township of Wantage, Sussex Co., N. J., Dec. 2, 
1808. He is the second son of the late Hon. 
Thomas Teasdale. His grandfather, Rev. Thos. 
Teasdale, was an earnest Baptist minister, who 
emigrated from England to this country when his 
oldest son, Thomas, the father of Dr. Teasdale, was 
fourteen years old. Not long after his arrival 
Elder Teasdale settled in the northern part of Sus- 
sex Co., N. J., and took charge of a church which 
is known as the Hamburg church. In the autumn 
of 1826 it pleased God to impress young Teasdale 
most deeply with a sense of his need of salvation. 
He felt it to be his duty to identify himself with 
the people of God, and accordingly related the ex- 
ercises of his mind to the church, and on a bleak 
November Sabbath in 1826 was baptized by Elder 
Leonard Fletcher. 

For a time after his baptism his mind was greatly 
exercised in regard to the work of the ministry. 
He finally decided to obey the call, and in the 
spring of 1828 he was licensed to preach by his 
church. May of the same year he entered the 
theological seminary at Hamilton, N. Y. In the 
autumn of 1830 he accepted a call to the pastorate 
of a church in East Bennington, Vt., and was or- 
dained on the 16th day of December, 1830. 

In the spring of 1832 he removed to the city of 
Philadelphia, Pa. He spent four years in Phila- 
delphia and vicinity, devoting most of his time to 
evangelical labors, which were eminently success- 
ful. In the spring of 1836 he was invited to take 
charge of the high school in Newton, N. J. The 
First and Second Baptist churches of Newton — 
one located in the village of Laf\iyette and the other 
in the town of Newton — also requested his ser- 
vices as their pastor. He removed to this field, and 



remained in it four years, and his efforts in awaken- 
ing a deeper interest in education and religion 
were highly gratifying. 

Mr. Teasdale served as pastor, after this, the First 
Baptist church of New Haven, Conn. He was next 
pastorof the Grant Street church, Pittsburgh, Pa., 
after this, of the First Baptist church of Springfield, 
111., then, of the E Street church, Washington, D. C. 
It was during his pastorate in Washington, in 
1852, that he received the honorary degree of Doctor 
of Divinity from Union College, Schenectady, 
N. Y. 

In 1858, Dr. Teasdale removed to Columbus, 
Miss., and took charge of the church at that place. 
He had held a protracted meeting there six months 
previous to this removal, which resulted in the 
conversion of some four hundred persons. 

In 1863 he resigned the care of the cliurch in 
Columbus, and preached to the Confederate sol- 
diers until the close of the war. Dr. Teasdale was 
for a time corresponding secretary of the Sunday- 
School Board of die Southern Baptist Convention, 
which flourished during his term of service. 

In 1873, Dr. Teasdale was elected to the chair 
of Rhetoric and Elocution in the University of 
Tennessee, at Knoxville, where he now resides. 
His life has been one of great activity and useful- 
ness. 

He has baptized over 3000 persons ; witnessed 
the profession of some 15,000 persons under his 
ministry; published several pamphlets and books, 
the principal of the latter of which is a volume 
of his " Revival Discourses ;" contributed mate- 
rially in building up institutions of learning; as- 
sisted in establishing the "Orphans' Home,' in 
Mississippi. His work on " Baptism and Com- 
munion" is of rare merit, and so are his " Revival 
Discourses." 

Teloogoo Theological Seminary, Ramapa- 

tam. — This institution is known as Brownson 
Theological Seminary. While Mr. Clough was in 
America, in March, 1872, and in January, 1874, 
he secured an endowment of $50,000 for this school. 
At the close of 1879 there were five natives and Mr. 
Williams, a missionary, in the faculty of the semi- 
nary, and 152 students were under their care. 
The course of instruction embraces the purely theo- 
logical training of similar seminaries in this coun- 
try, with church history. Sermonizing is not neg- 
lected. 

The teachers and students take charge of the 
region for ten miles around the school, conducting 
worship and Sunday-schools regularly in thirty- 
five towns and villages. In this way instruction 
and practice are constantly united in the experi- 
ence of these candidates for the holiest of offices. 

TeloogOOS. — The country of the Teloogoos is 
on the western coast of the Bay of Bengal. It 



TELOOGOOS 



TEMPERANCE 



stretches north and south some 600 or 700 miles, 
and extends inland from the coast from 300 to 400 
miles. The latest estimate makes the population 
of this country not far from 18,000,000. While 
the territory tlius referred to contains the larger 
portion of Teloogoos, they are found in no small 
numbers in all the towns and cities of Southern 
India. The relitrion of the Teloogoos is Brali- 
manism, with its accompanying caste system. 

The attention of American Baptists was called 
to this interesting people in 1835 by Rev. Amos 
Sutton, who urged upon them the desirableness of 
establishing a mission amon*^ them. Influenced 
by his suggestion, the board sent out in September 
of that year, in company with missionaries who 
were to occupy other stations, Rev. S. S. Day 
and his wife, who, for a time, resided at Vizaga- 
patam, one of the chief cities of the Teloogoo coun- 
try. Subsequently he removed to a suburban vil- 
lage of Madras, called Wonarapetta. Four years 
were passed in this locality with but little visible 
fruit. Mr. Day decided that the interests of the 
mission would be better promoted by removal to a 
different locality. Accordingly he selected Nellore 
as a suitable place for the establishment of a mis- 
sion station, and removed with his family to that 
place. At the time of writing this sketch there are 
.seven stations among the Teloogoos, to wit: Nel- 
lore, Ongole. Ram.apatam, Secunderabad, Kurnool, 
Madras, and Ilanamaconda. 

1. The mission at Nellore, as has already been 
said, was commenced by Mr. and Mrs. Day. Shortly 
after their arrival at Nellore they were joined by 
Rev. Stephen Van Ilusen and wife. The first 
Teloogoo convert was baptized by Mr. Day in 
September, 1840. For several years there was but 
little apparent success in the conversion of the 
Teloogoos at Nellore. It was emphatically a time 
for seed-sowing, and faith and patience were tried 
to their utmost in waiting for results. There was 
no other baptism until 1843, when a solitary indi- 
vidual submitted to the rite. Jlr Van Husen was 
obliged to leave the field of his labor in 1845 and 
go home to America, never to return. Mr. Day 
followed in 1846. The question of abandoning the 
Teloogoo Mission was seriously discussed. The 
Nellore station remained in the hands of native 
assistants until the return of Mr. Day, who, in 
company with Mr. and Mrs. Jewett, sailed from 
the United States Oct. 10, 1848, and, arriving in 
due time at the place of their destination, began 
their work with new zeal and courage. But, for 
five years, the fortunes of the mission were any- 
thing but encouraging, and again the question of 
abandonment was discussed, and decided in the 
negative. In 1853, Mr. Day having returned to 
this country, Mr. and Mrs. Jewett were left alone 
to carry on the mission. Rev. F. A. Douglass and 



wife joined them in 1855. Amid trials and encour- 
agements the work has been carried on for more 
than a score of years since this date, and now the 
Nellore station reports 3 missionaries, 6 native 
preachers, 3 churches, and 366 members. 

2. At the Ongole station work was commenced 
by Mr. and Mrs. Jewett and one of the native Chris- 
tians named Jacob, in 1853. Ongole is seventy-seven 
miles north of Nellore, and is a town made up al- 
most wholly of Teloogoos. Amidst the most dis- 
couraging circumstances the mission was carried 
on for years, and in 1862, JMr. Jewett, broken down 
in health, was obliged to retire from the field and 
go home to the United States. Again the (juestion 
of giving up the Teloogoo Mission was seriously 
discussed. But Mr. Jewett pleaded earnestly for 
its continuance and reinforcement, and his pleas 
were not in vain. Mr. Clough returned with Dr. 
Jewett to the Teloogoo country, and the station at 
Ongole came under his special supervision in 1866, 
and on the 1st of January, 1867, a little church of 
eight persons was organized. Years of earnest work 
passed. The seed sown has sprung up into a most 
bountiful harvest, and tidings of the most thrilling 
character come to us of the wonderful outjiouring 
of the Spirit of God upon the people, and the hope- 
ful conversion and baptism of thousands of the 
Teloogoos of Ongole. The report of the executive 
board, presented in May, 1880, gives the following 
statistics concerning that station : 5 missionaries, 
22 native preachers, 1 church, with 13,106 mem- 
bers. 

3. Raraapatam, the third station among the Teloo- 
goos, established in 1869, is also in a prosperous 
condition. There are here 2 missionaries, 10 
native preachers, 3 churches, with 1853 members. 

4. The fourth station, Secunderabad. established 
in 1875, reported in May 2 missionaries, 3 native 
preachers, 1 church, with 56 members. 

5. The Kurnool station, established in 1876, has 
3 missionaries, 3 native preachers, 2 churches, with 
270 members. 

Madras has 4 missionaries, 2 native preachers, 
and 1 church, with a membership of 9. 

Hanamaconda has 2 missionaries. 

The Teloogoo Mission has been wonderfully 
blessed of God, and attracts to itself, in a remark- 
able degree, the attention of the whole Christian 
world. On it rests in a large measure the benedic- 
tion of heaven. 

Temperance. — " Wine is a mocker, strong drink 
is raging, and whosoever is deceived thereby is not 
wise.'' This divine testimony is abundantly illus- 
trated in daily life. No habit is so deceptive as 
that of using alcoholic beverages. Slowly but cer- 
tainly it rivets its fetters upon its victim, who too 
frequently only realizes its power when the attempt 
is made to break it. 



TEMPERANCE 



1140 



TENNESSEE 



With many the struggle is unsuccessful. He 
only is the victor who trusts not in his own 
strength but daily seeks divine help. 

Cai'eful investigation has proved that the use of 
alcoholic stimulants is not needful to the enjoy- 
ment of the highest health •, that it does not secure 
greater strength for either bodily or mental effort, 
and that it tends to shorten life. Surely he acts 
wisely who follows the divine command, " Look 
not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it 
giveth his color in the cup, when it moveth itself 
aright; at the last it biteth like a serpent and 
stingeth like an adder."' 

Intemperance brings disgrace, privation, and 
poverty upon the drunkard and his family, and in- 
jures society by the increased burdens imposed by 
the crime and pauperism i-esulting from it. 

Intemperance deadens the conscience, hardens 
the heart, and leads men to dishonor God. It is 
Satan's most successful weapon against the church 
and the truth, and for the destruction of immortal 
souls. 

Among the obstacles to the temperance reform 
needing thoughtful consideration by Christians 
are, First. The manufacture of domestic wines, not 
for sale, but for home use. These are claimed to 
be unintoxicating, and consequently harmless. 

Analysis, however, has shown that they contain 
from four to twelve per cent., or more, of alcohol, 
and therefore tend to create the appetite for stronger 
drink. 

Second. The medical use, without the special 
advice of a conscientious physician, of alcoholic 
liquors. 

Ezra M. Hunt, M.D., in a very able paper read 
before the International Medical Congress, held in 
connection with the Centennial Exhibition, at Phil- 
adelphia, says, " We cannot conceal from ourselves 
as physicians that thousands with sincerity indulge 
in the use of alcoholic stimuli because they enter- 
tain the idea that health requires it. Some phy- 
sician had advised a little wine or brandy or ale for 
a special ailment, and the patient continues the 
prescription, or renews it repeatedly, because ' his 
constitution requires it.' We have been saddened 
to find those pledged to total abstinence thus using 
the beverage, and really deceiving themselves. So 
exceptional is the need of alcoholic liquors in any 
chronic ailment, that no one who claims to be 
using them as medicines should forget to consult 
his physician very frequently about the necessity 
for their continuance. If such were the rule, and 
if physicians were truly conscientious, thousands 
who now use them medicinally would cease to 
touch them." 

The position of the Baptist denomination on the 
temperance reform is indicated by the repeated 
action of leading Associations declaring, in em- 



phatic terms, their approval of total abstinence. 
No Baptist church in the Northern States would 
receive or retain in its membership any one en- 
gaged in the manufacture or sale of these beverages, 
neither would it accept as a member the house- 
owner who rented his property for such purposes. 
Let Christians live in the practice of total absti- 
nence from all intoxicating liquors, discounte- 
nancing their use on wedding and other private or 
public occasions, and may God hasten the abolition 
of their manufacture and use throughout the whole 
earth I 

Ten Brook, Rev. Andrew, was born in Elmira, 

N. Y., Sept. 21, 1814. He received his educa- 
tion — preparatory, collegiate, and theological — at 
Hamilton, finishing the course in 1841. In October 
of that year he was ordained pastor of the First 
church in Detroit, and remained in this position 
three years. The University of Michigan was then 
beginning its work of instruction, and Mr. Ten 
Brook was placed in the chair of Moral Philosophy. 
He held this professorship till 1851. For two years 
he was associated with the late Alexander M. Bee- 
bee in the conduct of the New York Baptist Regis- 
ter, and had the chief editorial responsibility. In 
1856 he was appointed U. S. consul at Munich, 
Bavaria, and held the office till 1862. Returning 
to the United States, he became librarian of the 
University of Michigan, and remained in that posi- 
tion till 1877. In 1875 he published an octavo 
v.olume entitled " American State Universities and 
the University of Michigan." While pastor in 
Detroit he was also editor of the Michigan Chris- 
tian Herald. 

Tennessee, The Baptist of.— This paper, first 

called The Baptist, came into existence at Nash- 
ville, Tenn., at some time between the years 1830 
and 1835. Rev. R. B. C. Howell, D.D., was its first 
editor. For some years its circulation was quite 
limited, and when it came under the editorial su- 
pervision of Rev. J. R. Graves, in 1844, its list of 
subscribers numbered only 1005. For a time the ; 
increase was slow but steady. The name was 
changed to The Tennessee Baptist, and in the course 
of a few years it became the pronounced advocate 
of what has since been termed " Old-Landmark- 
ism." Its cii'culation rapidly increased, and its 
editor became very influential. On May 15, 1858, 
its editors were announced as follows: J. R. Graves, 
J. M. Pendleton, and A. C. Dayton. The two 
brethren last named had been for some years special 
contributors. The increase in the number of sub- 
scribers was constant and rapid, so that at the be- 
ginning of the war its circulation was said to have 
been larger than that of any Baptist paper in the 
world. The publication of the paper was sus- 
pended during the war, but was renewed after the 
return of peace. The place of publication was 



TENNESSEE 



1141 



TENNESSEE 



changed from Nashville to Memphis. The name 
of the State was dropped from the title, and it has 
appeared since as The Baptist, a quarto of sixteen 
pages. Dr. Graves has been since the war its sole 
editor, and he wields now (1881) as able a pen as 
at any period of Iiis eventful life, and his paper is 
a power in a large section of our country. 

Tennessee Baptists. — Tennessee is naturally 
divided into three sections by the Cumberland 
Mountains and the Tennessee River, both of which 
cross the State north and south, known as East, 
Middle, and West Tennessee, and in this oi-der they 
were originally settled. The people in these divis- 
ions have always been as distinct in their pursuits 
and interests, and in their social and religious in 
tercourse, as if they lived in different and distant 
States. In sketching the history of the Baptists it 
will therefore in some measure be necessary to follow 
this order, though sometimes their proceedings will 
appear blended. 

EAST TENNESSEE. 

Some of the northeastern counties of this section 
began to be occupied previous to 1770, and among 
the settlers there were some Baptists, emigrants 
from North Carolina and Virginia. The country 
at this time was a wilderness infested with wild 
beasts, and the settlers were subject to murderous 
incursions from hostile Indians. Though the Bap- 
tists do not seem to have been numerous, they were 
among the first, if not the first, to proclaim the 
gospel in Tennessee territory. In 1781 they had 
sis organized churches holding associated relations 
with an Association in North Carolina. These, 
with one or two others, were formed into the Hol- 
ston Association in 1786. Among the pioneer min- 
isters at this time in the country, and through 
whose labors the Baptist denomination was estab- 
lished, may be mentioned James Keel, Thomas 
Murrell, Matt. Talbot, Isaac Barton, Wm. Murphy, 
and John Chastine from Virginia, and Tidence 
Lane, Jonathan Mulky, and Wm. Reno from North 
Carolina. These ministers brought with them 
many of their brethren, and in one or more in- 
stances regular organized churches. They gener- 
ally settled on farms and made their support by 
tilling the soil or teaching school, and preached on 
Sundays or at night in private houses and in school- 
houses, or in rude buildings improvised for worship, 
and sometimes under the shade of trees.. They 
were pious, thoroughly read in the Scriptures, and 
gave evidence that " they had been with Jesus." 
They lived among the people who heard their mes- 
sages gladly, and the pleasure of the Lord pros- 
pered in their hands. According to Asplund's 
"Register" for 1790, the Holston Association had 
a membership of 889 members, and by the begin- 
ning of the next decade they had increased to 37 



churches and 2500 members, keeping pace with the 
increasing population of the country. In 1802 the 
Tennessee Association was formed in a central 
territory immediately surrounding Knoxville, the 
capital of the new State. Some of the ministei's 
connected with this organization were Duke Kim- 
brough, Elijah Rogers, Joshua Frost, Amos Hardin. 
Daniel Layman, William Bellew. In 1817 it sent 
out a colony of twelve churches and as many min- 
isters to form the Powell's Valley Association. 
And again, in 1822, another colony east of the Ten- 
nessee River was organized into the Hiwassee As- 
sociation, consisting of ten churches, which in- 
creased its membership and enlarged its territory 
until 1830, when it divided and formed the Sweet- 
Water Association, with 17 churches and 1100 
members. 

The year 1833 may be regarded as the beginning 
of a new era in the history and pi-ogress of the Bap- 
tists of East Tennessee, and the whole' State as well. 
Up to this time they had made commendable prog- 
ress, having maintained internal harmony, and kept 
well up with the growth of the population ; but the 
labor of evangelizing had been voluntarily per- 
formed by the ministry at their own convenience and 
expense. An extensive and general revival of re- 
ligion, which began aboutthis time and continuedfor 
two or three years, suggested the importance of a 
united and organized plan for supplying the desti- 
tute with the gospel, and extending the influence 
of their denominational principles. The initiative 
of an organization was taken in Middle Tennessee 
by Elders Garner McConnico, James Whitsitt, and 
Peter S. Gayle, who called a meeting at Mill Creek, 
near Nashville, in October, 1833, and organized a 
Baptist State Convention. Conforming to the pecu- 
liar formation of the State, the Convention appointed 
three boards to conduct its aifairs, one in each di- 
vision of the State. This plan continued for only 
a year or two, when it was found impracticable to 
unite the churches on a General Convention, when 
the East Tennessee brethren withdrew and organ- 
ized the General Association of East Tennessee. 
The leading ministers engaged in this enterprise 
were Samuel Love, James Kennon, Elijah Rogers, 
Charles and Richard II. Taliaferro, Robert Snced, 
and William Bellew. This movement, while it 
caused the secession of a few thousands of anti-mis- 
sion Baptists, imparted new life to the great body 
of the churches, and inspired the ministry with a 
fresh zeal, which gave increased momentum to de- 
nominational progress. In 1847 the Baptists in 
East Tennessee had increased to 13,390, and 6573 
anti-mission, or those who stood aloof from the 
General Association, making a Baptist population 
of 19,963. In 1858 they had increased to 19,103 
regulars, and, supposing the anti-missionaries to 
have maintained their strength of 6573, to an ag- 



TENNESSEE 



1142 



TENNESSEE 



gregate of 25,676. In 1880 their reports give about 
45,000 regular white Baptists, 2000 colored, and 
5000 anti-mission, or a fraction over 52,000 in East 
Tennessee. At present the Baptists are numerically 
much the largest denomination in this section of 
the State. Although the General Association has 
contributed much moral, and some pecuniary, sup- 
port in producing these results, they are due largely 
to the zeal and voluntary labor of ministers, and 
to missions supported by Associations. 

In 1850 a college vyas chartered under the patron- 
age of the General Association, known at present 
as Carson College, located in a beautiful and fertile 
valley in Jefferson County, near the town of Mossy 
Creek, on the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad. 
It received its name from Hon. James H. Carson, 
who bequeathed to it $15,000, the interest of which 
was to be used in the education of young ministers. 
Mr. Carson was one of the founders of the institu- 
tion. The college has no endowment, but has 
maintained its existence for- thirty years from the 
tuition fees, with a regular faculty of four profes- 
sors. It has trained in whole or in part nearly one 
hundred young men for the ministry, and has done 
much in the general cause of education. The Rev. 
N. B. Goforth, D.D., is its popular president. 
There is a Female College at Bristol, Rev. D. C. 
Wester president, which is doing a good work in 
the education of young ladies. There is also a 
private institution at Tazewell under the direction 
of Rev. Mr. Manard, that is accomplishing much 
in the cause of education among the Baptists. A 
religious paper, The Baptist Beacon, is published 
at Knoxville, and supported chiefly by the Baptists 
of this section. 

MIDDLE AND WEST TENNESSEE. 
The middle division of the State began to be 
settled in 1780, and, as in the eastern division, 
among its pioneers there were Baptists and Bap- 
tist ministers. The first church known to have 
been formed was in 1786, on Red River, by Rev. 
Joseph Grammer, and in 1791 another was founded 
on the Sulphur Fork of the same river by Rev. 
Ambrose Dudley and John Taylor, who visited 
this region as missionaries from Kentucky. The 
first Association was organized in 1796 ; but, owing 
to internal difficulties which sprung up, it was in 
a few years dissolved, and in 1803 the Cumber- 
land Association was instituted partly of some 
of its churches. This latter community had for 
many years considerable prosperity, and had also 
some of the best churches and ablest ministers 
in the country ; but it is now only a small, declin- 
ing, anti-mission body, a very difi"erent organiza- 
tion from the Cumberland Association, with which 
are connected three of the Nashville churches and 
the church in Clarksville, of which Rev. A. D. 



Sears, D.D., is moderator. In 1810 the Concord 
Association was formed, its territory embracing 
Nashville as its centre. In 1812 there was a 
very general revival within its wide territory, and 
it had an increase of over 800 by baptism that 
year. Its prosperity continued until its territory 
was divided and the Salem formed, in 1822, with 
twenty-seven churches. Among the ministers who 
had borne the heat and burden of the day up to 
this time may be mentioned Joseph Dorris, Daniel 
Brown, James Whitsitt, Garner McConnico, John 
Wiseman, Joshua Lester, John Bond, and Jesse 
Cox. 

About the year 1824 the denomination, which 
had been harmonious and prosperous, began to 
meet with reverses from internal discord. The 
doctrine of election and the extent of the atone- 
ment became topics of bitter discussion, and re- 
sulted in a division of churches and Associations, 
and two non-affiliating bodies of Baptists ; the 
seceding party were called Separate Baptists, who 
built up several flourishing Associations. Im- 
mediately following this division came Alexander 
Campbell and his so-called reformation. The 
church in Nashville, which had grown to be a large 
and flourishing community, with between three 
and four hundred members, had for its pastor Rev. 
Philip Fall, a talented and popular young pastor, 
who came under the influence of Mr. Campbell, 
embraced his sentiments, and carried with him the 
whole church except twelve or fifteen members, 
who adhered to the Baptist faith. Mr. Campbell's 
influence was felt more or less throughout the 
denomination in this State, resulting in the loss 
of other ministers and members, and from bitter 
controversies gathering much of its force. This 
was followed in 1833 by the secession of the anti- 
mission party and renewed strife. But there was 
compensation for these last divisions in the new 
zeal inspired by the organization of the Baptist 
State Convention, and a reconciliation and re- 
union with the Separate party, who were quite as 
numerous and more intelligent and progressive 
than the anti-mission people. The few brethren 
who, in the wreck of the church in Nashville, ad- 
hered to the Baptist faith reorganized, and had 
Elder P. S. Gayle for their pastor, and began again 
to build up. Mr. Gayle resigning in 1833, Rev. 
R. B. C. Howell, of Virginia, was called to the 
pastorate, who with enthusiasm and zeal entered 
into his work, and with such success that within a 
few years the Baptists had almost regained their 
lost ground ; and from those faithful few, as the 
germ, the four flourishing churches in the city have 
grown up. Dr. Howell also entered enthusiastic- 
ally into the general interests of the denomina- 
tion at large, and commenced the publication of 
The Baptist, which he edited for many years, by 



TENNESSEE 



TERRILL 



■which he did much in diffusing information, pro- 
moting harmony, and furthering the benevolent 
work of the Convention. The paper thus started 
still exists, and has had a wide circulation for 
thirty years, with Rev. J. R. Graves as its editor 
and proprietor. But it has been removed from 
Nashville to Memphis, on the western border of 
the State, and The Baptist Reflector has taken its 
place at Nashville, with Revs. J. B. Chevis and R. 
B. AVomack as editors and proprietors. 

East and AVest Tennessee having withdrawn 
from the Convention and formed independent or- 
ganizations, the Middle Tennessee brethren dis- 
continued the name, and substituted for it General 
Association of Middle Tennessee, and afterwards 
North Alabama was added. In addition to its 
evangelical work, the General Association, with the 
oo-operation of the other divisions of the State, es- 
tablished at iMurfreesborough Union University. 
an institution of a high order, and, until wrecked 
l;y the exigencies of the civil war, one of the 
most prosperous denominational institutions of 
learning in the Southwest. Rev. J. II. Eaton, D.D., 
had been its popular president from its foundation 
until his death, a few years before the war, and 
Uev. J. M. Pendleton, D.D., now of Upland, Pa., 
its excellent theological professor. After the war 
the institution was reorganized, and it struggled 
on for existence for several years, with sunshine 
and clouds alternately, until it was forced to sus- 
pend. A Convention of Baptists of the State was 
called at jMurfreesljorough in 1873 to consider what 
should be done. The result which followed the 
proceedings of that Convention was its final sus- 
pension, and the establishment of the Southwestern 
Baptist University, at Jackson, in the western part 
of the State, which has now been in successful 
operation for five years. It has a medical depart- 
ment in Memphis. Middle Tennessee Baptists 
have the Mary Sharpe Female College, at Win- 
chester, which has had for twenty-five years un- 
paralleled prosperity under the administration of 
Rev. Z. C. Graves, LL.D. 

Though West Tennessee began to be settled in 
1820, and Baptist churches and Associations were 
soon after formed, their progress is not marked 
with any special interest until about 1833. The 
West Tennessee Convention was formed in 1835, 
since which the denomination has made good prog- 
ress, and has had some of the most liberal and 
progressive brethren in the State. Some of those 
who may be regarded as their ablest pioneer min- 
isters, nearly all of whom have passed away, are 
•Jerry Burns, Thomas Owen, P. S. Gayle, C. C. 

Conner, N. G. Smith, Collins, George N. 

Young, J. M. Hart, and David IIalil)nrton. The 
West Tennessee Convention established the Browns- 
ville Female College, which has done a Mod work 



in female education. In 1876 Middle and West 
Tennessee dissolved their separate organizations, 
and with some East Tennessee churches again 
formed a State Convention, which now gives hope 
of a successful union of the whole denomination 
in its missionary and educational interests. The 
results of the hundred years of labor of the Bap- 
tists in the State may be given from official docu- 
ments, with a few estimates, as follows : East 
Tennessee, 19 Associations and 45,000 members; 
Middle Tennessee, 10 Associations and 22,000 
members ; West Tennessee, 7 Associations and a 
fraction under 20,000 members ; making in the 
State 87,000 regular Baptists. Besides these, there 
are estimated to be 8000 anti-mission Baptists 
and 20,000 colored Baptists. 

COLORED BAPTISTS. 

It is difficult to get correct statistics of the 
colored Baptists, There is an increase of intel- 
ligence in their preachers as they become edu- 
cated in the common schools, access to which 
they now have all over the State. The excellent 
institution at Nashville, under the direction of Rev. 
Dr. Phillips, established by the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society, is doing much to give them 
an educated ministry, the beneficial results of 
which are already visible. With their present 
progress, and their desire for improvement, their 
future, religiously and as citizens, may be regarded 
as decidedly hopeful. With judicious and intelli- 
gent leaders they will become a liberal and pro- 
gressive people. 

Terrill, Prof. Anderson Wood, was born in 

Randolph Co., Mo., Dec. 20, 1850. Ilis early life 
was spent in the country. After a thorough pre- 
paratory course, in which he excelled as a scholar, 
he entered Mount Pleasant College, of which his 
brothei-, J. W. Terrill, was president, and graduated 
before he attained his majority. For four years he 
was a member of the faculty of that institution. 
He finally left Mount Pleasant College to accept 
the presidency of Hardin College, at Mexico, Mo. 
In character he is positive. His purposes are firm 
and his plans sure to be executed. In manners he 
is mild, and he possesses a personal magnetism 
which attaches his pupils to him strongly. He is 
a Baptist in religious sentiment, and a member 
of that church. His wife, a gifted and cultivated 
lady, is associated with him as a teacher. 

Terrill, E,ev. Benjamin, was born May 8, 1811, 
in Boone Co., Ky. He was converted at fourteen, 
and baptized by Elder Absalom Graves. He set- 
tled in Missouri in 1836, and was ordained by Rev. 
•Jesse Terrill. His home was near Moberly. He 
was a man of good native talent and preached the 
truth clearly. Ten churches were established in 
Central Missouri chiefly through his instrumental- 



TERRILL 



TEXAS 



ity. He died at the residence of his son, President 
A. W. Terrill, of Mexico, June 17, 1877, and was 
buried at his old home near Moberly, Mo. 

Terrill, Edward, the founder of the Baptist 
college at Bristol, England, was born in 1635. He 
conducted for several years a flourishing school in 
that city, and joined the Broadmead church about 
1659. He was soon called to the office of preaching 
elder, and served the church with great acceptance 
for many years. In common with many other 
membei's of the same church, he was cast into 
prison several times for the crime of nonconformity 
to the established religion. The Broadmead rec- 
ords show that Mr. Terrill's death took place in 
1685-86, for on July 25, 1686, the church met " at 
sister Terrill's to choose a ruling elder in the place 
of dear brother Terrill, deceased." Himself a man 
of learning, and being deeply impressed with the 
necessity of ministerial education, he left a portion 
of his estate in trust for the pastor of the Broad- 
mead church, for the time being, under the follow- 
ing conditions : " Provided he be an holy man, well 
skilled in the Greek and Hebrew tongues, in which 
the Scriptures were originally written ; and devote 
three afternoons in the week to the instruction of 
any number of young students, not exceeding 
twelve, who may be recommended by the churches, 
in the knowledge of the original languages, and 
other literature." This bequest became available 
about 1717, and has been ever since a source of 
permanent income for the objects contemplated by 
the testator, under the name of Terrill's Fund. 

Terry, Rev. A. J., the efficient pastor at Bayou 
de Glaise, La., was born in Mississippi in 1846 ; 
began to preach in 1866 ; removed to Louisiana in 
1871. 

Terry, Rev. Nathaniel G., an eloquent and 
eminently successful minister in the Green River 
Valley, was born in Barren Co., Ky., Nov. 17, 1829. 
He took an academic course at Glasgow, in his na- 
tive county, and finished his education at Centre 
College, Danville, Ky., after which he took charge 
of the Masonic Female College, in Glasgow. He 
united with Salem Baptist church, near his birth- 
place, in 1841. He was licensed to preach in Au- 
gust, 1858, and ordained in December of the same 
year. Soon after his ordination he was called to 
the Baptist church at Glasgow, where he labored 
with success for fourteen years. He then removed 
to his farm near Caverna, Hart Co., Ky., where he 
has since resided, being pastor of four country and 
village churches. He has baptized over 1100 per- 
sons, and has been moderator of Liberty Association 
eleven years. He has been engaged in two oral 
debates, in which he proved himself a skillful po- 
lemic, and he is regarded as the ablest defender of 
Baptist principles in his region of the State. 

Test Act.— See Corporation and Test Acts. 



Texas Baptist. — Before the war a paper by 
this name was issued from Anderson, Grimes Co., 
edited by Rev. George W. Baines, Sr. On Jan. 3, 
1874, Rev. R. C. Buckner commenced the issue of 
the Baptist Messenger at Paris, Texas. In 1875 
he removed to Dallas, thence issuing the Messenger. 
On Jan. 13, 1879, he changed the name to Texas 
Baptist, and he has built up a good publishing- 
house, and secured an encouraging list of sulj- 
scribers. The paper is exerting a wide influence. 

Texas Baptist Educational Society.— Organ- 
ized in 1845; suspended from 1861 to 1872; reor- 
ganized in the latter year. It has aided more than 
100 young men in obtaining an education for the 
ministry. It has a small sum ($500), donated by 
Rev. J. AV. D. Creath, bearing interest, which is 
annually incorporated with collections, and appro- 
priated to beneficiaries. Rev. J. W. D. Creath is 
paying an additional $500 in annual installments 
of $50 per annum. Rev. Henry L. S. Graves is 
president. Rev. W. Carey Crane is corresponding 
secretary, and C. R. Breedlove, Esq., is treasurer. 
The society meets annually with the State Con- 
vention. 

Texas Baptist Herald.— Under the direction 
of the Texas Baptist State Convention, on May 31, 
1865, one number of the Texas Christian Herald 
was issued, edited by Wm. Carey Crane and Hor- 
ace Clark. No other number was issued under 
that name. On Dec. 13, 1865, the books, printing 
paper, and aljout $60 in gold were turned over to 
Rev. J. B. Link, who undertook to issue the Texas 
Baptist Herald on that day, with the understand- 
ing that all existing enterprises in Texas should 
be sustained. Indefatigably laboring, Rev. J. B. 
Link, aided by strong friends, has won success. 
The joui'nal thus started has grown in usefulness, 
until now it has an encouraging list of subscribers, 
with a strong office, and ranks among the first Bap- 
tist newspapers in the Union. Rev. J. B. Link and 
Rev. 0. C. Pope, editors; Rev. Jones Johnston, 
business manager ; puljlislied at Houston. 

Texas Baptist State Convention was organ- 
ized Sept. 8, 1848, at Anderson, Grimes Co., Texas. 
Its objects are home missions, foreign missions, ed- 
ucation, and such other measures as will promote 
the unity and harmony of the whole denomination 
and extend the gospel in the State. During its 
existence about $75,000 for the support of mission- 
aries in destitute places in the State have been 
raised, and thus have laid the foundations of a 
large number of churches. It has raised and for- 
warded about $18,000 for foreign missions, and has 
aided all the general benevolent enterprises of the 
day. It has fostei-ed Baylor University and Baylor 
Female College, whose trustees it appoints annu- 
ally. It comprises over one-half of the State in its 
present operations, allowing the General Associa- 



TEXAS 



1145 



THARP 



tion and the Eastern Convention the remainder of 
the State. Its presidents have been Henry L. 
Graves, James liuckins, J. W. D. Creath, R. E. B. 
Baylor, Rufus C. Burleson, Hosea Garrett, Wm. 
Carey Crane, and C. C. Chaplin. Hon. 0. H. P. Gar- 
rett has held the office of recording secretary most 
of the time since 1848. No other organization has 
exerted a grander influence on the State than this 
State Convention. Besides its officers and direc- 
tors it has a board of trustees, chartered by the 
Legislature, to which is committed the charge of 
all bequests and trusts. This board have §1100 
loaned out, the bequest of Mrs. Mary Vickers, 
bearing ten per cent, interest, which interest is 
annually appropriated to domestic missions in the 
State. 

Texas Baptist Sunday-School Convention, 

organized at Independence in November, 1866, 
has sustained a depositary and a general mission- 
ai'y during nearly all its existence. Its mission- 
aries, charged with the work of organizing new 
Sunday-scliools and infusing life into old ones, 
have been Rev. S. S. Cross, Rev. M. V. Smith, 
Rev. W. II. Robert, Rev. H. L. Graves, and Rev. 
W. D. Powell, the present incumbent. In 1877-78 
seventy new Sunday-schools were organized. W. 
R. Howell, Esq., President; Rev. J. M. Carroll, 
Corresponding Secretary : P. Hawkins. Esq., Re- 
cording Secretary, Anderson, Grimes Co., Texas. 

Texas Baptists in 1880. — Whole number of 
communicants, 107,578; churches, 1910 ; Associa- 
tions, 81 ; Sunday-schools. .350 ; colleges and uni- 
versities, 4; newspapers, 3 ; value of college prop- 
erty, $200,000 ; Anti-Missionary Baptists number 
1000 communicants. 

Texas, Eastern Baptist Convention of, was 

organized at Overton, Texas, in 1877. It proposes 
to sustain missions in that part of Texas chiefly 
lying between the Trinity and Sabine Rivers. Its 
managers are men of ability, influence, and piety, 
and much good will unquestionably result from 
their efforts. 

Texas, Freedmen's College of.— The Baptists 
of this country are making extraordinary efforts to 
educate their white and colored ministers. No 
community in the United States has done more in 
this department of benevolence, and within the last 
fifty years no other denomination has done as 
much. 

In October, 1880, a ten-acre lot was purchased in 
Marshal], Texas, at a cost of §2500, and paid fur by 
the colored Baptists and their friends living on 
the field. The lot is for Bishop Baptist College. 
It is on the west side of the city, beautifully orna- 
mented with shade-trees. In the centre of it stands 
a two-story brick mansion, 40 feet wide and 60 
feet long. On the 17th of June, 1881, ground was 
broken for a new building, to cost §10,000, to be 
7.3 



erected by the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society. The college will open in the autumn for 
the higher education of colored ministers and 
teachers in the Southwest, where more than one- 
tenth of the colored population of the United States 
resides. 

Texas, General Association of, was organized 

in 1867. It has had the same objects in view as 
the State Convention, and has sustained mission- 
aries in destitute regions of the State. It has raised 
nearly $20,000 for various objects since its organi- 
zation, and has exercised no little influence over all 
Northern Texas. Its presidents have been Gen. 
James E. Harrison, Gen. Jos. W. Speight, Rev. A. 
E. Clemmons, D.D., and Rev. Rufus C. Burleson, 
D.D. 
Texas Union Association was organized at 

Travis, Austin Co., republic of Texas, Oct. 8, 1840. 
It was the first in Texas, composed of 3 churches 
and 45 communicants. First moderator, T. W. 
Cox ; J. W. Collins, Clerk ; R. E. B. Baylor, Corre- 
sponding Secretary. It has now 51 churches and 
3142 communicants. Out of it have sprung all the 
organizations and institutions in Texas. 

Tharp, Benjamin Franklin, D.D., one of the 

most able and respected ministers of Georgia, and 
a resident of Perry, Houston Co., was born Sept, 
16, 1819, in Twiggs County. His grandfather, 
Rev. V. A. Tharp, from Virginia, was one of Mar- 
ion's men towards the close of the Revolutionary 
war. lie removed to Georgia and settled in War- 
ren County after the Revolutionary war. AVm. A. 
Tharp, Dr. B. F. Tharp's father, sent him to Mer- 
cer Institute, in which and in Mercer University 
he remained six years, graduating in 1841, and 
then repairing to Newton Theological Seminary to 
prepare for the ministry. His father dying before 
his theological course was completed, he returned 
home and engaged in farming. Nevertheless he 
entered the ministry immediately, and took charge 
of some of the most important churches in South- 
western Georgia, including those at Perry, Hayne- 
ville, and Jeffersonville. For at least thirty-five 
years he has been actively engaged in the ministry, 
having served several churches more than a quar- 
ter of a century. He has risen to prominence 
among the Baptist ministers of Georgia both as a 
preacher and a scholar, and stands equally high in 
the estimation of the public and in the affections 
of his brethren. In the Rehoboth Association his 
influence is unsurpassed, and he has taken the lead 
in that benevolent body in promoting its missions in 
Central Africa and among the Indians of the West. 
Always wealthy, he has been able to preach much 
to poor churches without compensation. Among 
the colored people he has labored largely and with 
much success, and when, after the war, the colored 
members of the white churches withdrew and 



THARP 



1146 



THOMAS 



formed churches of their own, with pastors of their 
own color, Dr. Tharp turned over to the colored 
pastor of the new colored Perry church 1000 mem- 
bers. To these he had for years preached faith- 
fully, and among them he had established Sunday- 
schools, which had long been taught by the younger 
male and female members of the white church at 
Perry. 

Since 1851, Dr. Tharp has been a trustee of 
Mercer University. During the war he was a vol- 
untary evangelist in the army, and for two years 
he was an agent, without salary, for Mercer Uni- 
versity, and increased its endowment $20,000. He 
is a strong preacher, a decided Baptist, and a man 
who, by his intellectual appearance, would attract 
attention anywhere. His piety is undoubted, and 
his liberality is great. The degree of Doctor of 
Divinity was conferred on him by Mercer Univer- 
sity in 1873. 

Tharp, Rev. Vincent, was born in Virginia in 
1760, fought in the Revolutionary war, and removed 
to Georgia, where he was converted and joined the 
Brier Creek church, Warren County, by which he 
was licensed and ordained in 1800. He served 
several churches in Burke County, afterwards mov- 
ing to Twiggs County. He was pastor of Stone 
Creek church. His labors were blessed to the sal- 
vation of many. For years he was moderator of 
the Ebenezer Association, and was very highly es- 
teemed by his brethren. He died in the triumphs 
of faith in 1825. Many of his descendants are 
among the most respectable and wealthy citizens 
of Georgia, among whom may be mentioned Rev. 
Charnick Tharp, a son, and Dr. B. F. Tharp, a 
grandson. 

Thearle, Eev. F. G., was born in London, 
England, Oct. 24, 1828. Coming to this country 
in 1850, he first engaged in mercantile pursuits, 
but afterwards studied law, and was admitted to 
practice in the courts of his adopted State, — Wis- 
consin. His conversion occurred in the year 1858, 
and he was baptized at Darlington, February 14 
of that year. Becoming convinced of his duty to 
preach the gospel, he entered the ministry, and 
became pastor of the Baptist church in Tafton, 
Wis., where he was ordained in October, 1859. In 
April, 1865, he removed to Decatur, 111., having 
accepted the call of the Baptist church in that 
place, and thei-e continued until forced by failure 
of health to resign, in 1868. After about one year 
and a half he was appointed district secretary of 
the American Baptist Publication Society for the 
Northwest, his field including Northern Illinois, 
Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, and Dakota Ter- 
ritory. This immense district was cared for by 
him in the interest of his society with marked 
efficiency until his transfer to the business depart- 
ment, as depositary, of the society's branch house 



at Chicago, March 15, 1879, which place he still 
holds. 

Thickstun, Rev. Thomas F., was born in 
Crawford Co., Pa., July 3, 1824 ; was educated in 
the common schools of his native county and at 
Kingsville Academy, 0. Afterwards for a time 
studied medicine, and attended a course of lectures 
in Cleveland, 0. After further consideration he 
devoted himself to teaching, and for twenty-three 
years he pursued that profession. He taught in 
Kingsville Academy and the Geauga Seminary, 
0., Meadville Academy, Pa., and the Baptist Insti- 
tution, Hastings, Minn. He was ordained in 1861, 
and in 1865 commenced his first pastorate at Wa- 
verly, Iowa, where he remained three years, build- 
ing a good meeting-house and placing the church 
in a vigorous condition. In 1868 he became pastor 
of the newly-organized church at Council Bluffs. 
A good meeting-house was built, and a position of 
strength and hope gained. He has served the Iowa 
Baptist State Convention as secretary two years, 
one year giving his entire time to the work of the 
Convention. 

Thomas, Rev. Arthur G., was born in New 

Columbia, Pa., Feb. 23, 1827; ordained to the 
work of the ministry in Freeport, 111., March 18, 
1858. He has also served as pastor with much ac- 
ceptance in the following places : Baltimore, Md. ; 
Mount Holly, Camden, and Jacobstown, N. J. ; and 
in Chester, Pa. During the civil war he served as 
chaplain in the U. S. army hospitals. Mr. Thomas 
is a diligent student. He has traveled extensively 
in Europe and in the East. As an author, he has 
contributed to the Sabbath-school literature of the 
present day a valuable and interesting volume en- 
titled " The Fields of Boaz." 

Thomas, Rev. Benjamin, the father of the 
Rev. B. D. Thomas, of Philadelphia, Pa., was 
born near Meidrym, Carmarthenshire, Wales, in 
the year 1792. Having been found an acceptable 
preacher by the Baptist church in that vicinity, he 
was induced to enter Horton, now Rawdon, Col- 
lege, under the presidency of Dr. William Stead- 
man, At the close of his college course he accepted 
the pastorate of the infant church at Narberth, 
Pembrokeshire, where he ministered with fidelity 
and acceptance for a period of forty years. At 
the commencement of his ministry the English- 
speaking portion of Pembrokeshire was in great 
spiritual destitution. By reason of his incessant 
labors, and the active help of others, the wil- 
derness was made to bloom with a new and spir- 
itual life. Witnin the period of his ministry 
churches grew up and flourished in every part of 
that once neglected region. He was for many 
years their apostle and quasi-bishop, while at the 
same time giving the necessary attention to the 
demands of one of the largest churches in the 



THOMAS 



THOMAS 



county as pastor. He died July 6, 1862, but his 
name and memory are fragrant in all that region 
of country still. 

Thomas, Benjamin, D.D., late president of 
Judson University, Ark., was born in South Wales 
in 1823. When quite young he removed to the 
State of Ohio. He was educated at Denison Uni- 
versity, 0., and ordained in 1846. Besides teach- 
ing in Vermilion College, he has filled the following 
pastorates in Ohio : Mansfield, Monroeville, First 
church in Zanesville, Brookfield, and Newark, be- 
sides performing much evangelistic labor. Subse- 
quently he removed to Bloomington, 111., and be- 
came Western secretary of the American Bible 
Union. Having filled other important positions 
in Illinois, he came to Arkansas in 1864, and be- 
came president of Judson University, which posi- 
tion he held until recently. During the war he 
sei'ved as a soldier in the Federal army, and be- 
came brevet colonel. 

Thomas, Rev. Benjamin D., was born near 
Narberth, Pembrokeshire, AYales, in January, 1843. 




Ilis father was pastor of the church in Narberth 
for forty years. Spent four years in Graig House 
Academy, Swansea, and graduated at Haverford- 
West. His first and only pastorate in Wales was 
ut Neath, Glamorganshire, where he labored for 
six years. He came to the United States in the 
fall of 1868, and soon afterwards entered upon the 
pastorate of the church in Pittston, Pa., where he 
remained nearly three years. He then accepted a 
call to his present field of labor, the Fifth church, 



Philadelphia, and entered upon his duties Oct. 1, 
1871. He is a man of fine personal appearance, 
of a modest and retiring disposition, and of unaf- 
fected simplicity of manners. As a preacher, he 
brings forth things new and old from Bible treas- 
ures, and presents them to his hearers in " thoughts 
that breathe and words that burn." He has con- 
tributed occasionally to religious journals, and has 
recently published a little volume of rare merit en- 
titled " Popular Excuses of the Unconverted." He 
labors earnestly to win souls to the Saviour, and 
has greatly endeared himself to an appreciative 
and devoted people. 

Thomas, Rev. Cyrus, a native of Sudbury, 
Rutland Co., Vt., where he was born Aug. 15, 
1846; was converted and baptized when eighteen 
years of age by Rev. C. A. Thomas, D.D., of Bran- 
don, Vt. ; educated at Middlebury College, Vt., and 
at Alton Theological Seminary, Alton, 111. ; or- 
dained at Upper Alton, 111., in July, 1869; has 
been pastor of three churches, — Bellville, 111., East 
St. Louis, and New Lisbon, Wis., where he has 
been settled six years, and where he now resides. 
During the late war Mr. Thomas entered the U. S. 
service in the 1st Vermont Heavy Artillery, in 
which he was commissioned a lieutenant. He 
was twice wounded while in battle, and he is dis- 
abled for life. He was twice promoted for gallant 
conduct. His ministerial record is excellent, and 
he is highly esteemed for his work's sake. 

Thomas, Danford, LL.D., was born in Win- 

throp, Me., Sept. 20, 1817. After taking a pre- 
paratory course at Kent's Hill and Waterville, Me., 
he entered Colby University, where he graduated 
in 1838. The next year he was appointed tutor in 
Colby College. In 1840 he was elected to the chair 
of Ancient Languages and Literature in George- 
town College, Ky., a position he has now occupied 
forty years. He united with a Baptist church 
in his native State in his fourteenth year, and has 
been a liberal contributor ta the benevolent enter- 
prises of his denomination. He takes special in- 
terest in literary and theological education, and 
has for some time been president of the Baptist 
Sunday-School Board in Kentucky. 

Thomas, Rev. David, A.M., of whom Dr. R. B. " 

Semple says, "There were few such men in the 
world in his day," was born at London Tract, Pa., 
Aug. 16, 1732. He was educated at Hopewell, N. J., 
under the famous Isaac Eaton, and received the 
degree of A.M. from Rhode Island College (now 
Brown University). He was ordained to the min- 
istry at about the age of eighteen years. In 1751 
he went with John Gano and James Miller as a mis- 
sionary from the Philadelphia Baptist Association 
to Virginia. During a preaching tour in Fauquier 
County he formed the Broad Run church, and be- 
came its pastor about 1762. Immense crowds were 



THOMAS 



1148 



THOMAS 



attracted by his ministry, and people traveled from 
fifty to a hundred miles to hear him. In 1763 he 
went to Culpeper County to preach, but the mob 
anticipated and prevented him. He, hovyever, en- 
tered Orange County, and was more successful. 
This was the first time any Baptists had preached 
in that pa.rt of Virginia, and he met with much 
rude treatment, at one time being dragged from 
the pulpit and treated in a brutal manner. In 
spite of opposition he continued his labors with un- 
abated zeal, until many churches were formed in 
Northern Virginia. During the Revolutionary war 
he gave his influence and the power of his great 
eloquence to the cause of the colonies. A poem 
of his, denouncing the union between the Episco- 
pal church and the state in Virginia, had much to 
do with the destruction of that unholy relation. 
Thomas JeEFerson held him in high esteem, and 
Patrick Henry cherished a warm regard for him. 
In 1788 he removed to Berkeley County, and took 
charge of Mill Creek church, to which he min- 
istered about eight years. In 1796 he removed to 
Kentucky, and was settled over Washington church 
in Mason County. After a short time he located in 
Jessamine County, and united with East Hickman 
church. He died about 1801. 

Thomas, Rev. D. B., an efficient Louisiana 
minister, was born in Tennessee in 1804; ordained 
in 1850, and was some time a missionary of Ouach- 
ita Association, La. ; died Jan. 22, 1872. 

Thomas, Rev. Evan J., was born in South 
Wales, March 16, 1821. He came with his parents 
to the United States in 1832, landing in Philadel- 
phia. At the age of thirteen he experienced con- 
version, and was baptized at Pittsburgh, Pa., by 
Rev. Peter Lloyd, pastor of the Welsh Baptist 
church in that city. In 1846 he was ordained as a 
Baptist minister in Miami Co., 0. His pastorates 
since have been in that State and in Indiana, Mich- 
igan, and Illinois ; at Atlanta, in the last-named 
State, he is now living. His name has stood upon 
the lists of the Illinois Baptist ministry for nearly 
thirty years, and he retains undiminished the love 
and confidence of his brethren. Four of Mr. 
Thomas's brothers have been, or are, Baptist min- 
isters, — John E. Thomas, David E. Thomas, Daniel 
Thomas, and Benjamin Thomas, D.D. The last 
named is still in the work, the others have finished 
their course and gone to their reward. All five 
of these brothers have been successful in their min- 
istry to a marked degree, having baptized thou- 
sands of converts, of whom many are now in the 
ministry. A son of Mr. Thomas, Rev. J. B. 
Thomas, graduated at the seminary in Chicago in 
the class of 1880, and is now pastor at Dubuque, 
Iowa. 

Thomas, John, M.D., was born at Fairford, in 
England, May 16, 1757. He first practised his 



profession in London, but subsequently became 
physician to an East-Indiaman. He was converted 
through a sermon preached by the celebrated Dr. 
Samuel Stennett, from John vi. 27. In 1783, when 
he reached India by the "Oxford," he was very 
desirous of meeting with serious Christians, Euro- 
peans, of course, but he could find none. In 1785 
he was baptized in London by the venerable Abra- 
ham Booth, and he began to preach in difierent 
places soon after. The next year when he reached 
India he established a prayer-meeting and some- 
times preached. From 1787 to 1792 Dr. Thomas 
remained in India, and labored earnestly to lead its 
perishing people to Jesus, with the awakening of 
a few Hindoos. 

Dr. Thomas came again to England to take his 
family to India, that he might devote himself 
wholly to mission work. To his joyful surprise 
he learned of the Baptist Missionary Society, just 
formed, and of the intention of William Carey to 
labor among the heathen. They both went to India, 
Dr. Thomas preached with some success, and then 
for a time became insane. He died of brain fever 
in Calcutta in September, 1800. 

He was imprudent, but full of zeal for souls, and 
full of faith in the triumph of truth. 

Thomas, Rev. J. A. W., is an exception to the 
general rule that " a prophet is not without honor 
save in his own country." He has spent his life 
in Marlborough Co., S. C. He was born Dec. 31, 
1822, baptized in his fifteenth year, licensed to 
preach in 1848, and ordained in 1849. He has 
been pastor of the Bennettsville church from that 
time to the present. 

He was in the war three years and a half as a 
captain. He, however, preached almost as regu- 
larly as at home, and baptized seventy soldiers. 
Since his ordination he has baptized about 1000 
persons, and preached 5000 times. 

Thomas, Jesse B., D.D., was born at Edwards- 
ville. 111., July 29, 1832. He is the son of the late 
Hon. Jesse B. Thomas, judge of the Supreme Court 
of Illinois. He was graduated at Kenyon College, 
0., in 1850, and commenced preparation for the 
profession of the law. He was admitted to the bar 
in Illinois in 1855. In 1852 entered Rochester 
Theological Seminary to prepare for the ministry, 
but ill health obliged him to leave after a short 
period. For a time he was engaged in mercantile 
pursuits in Chicago. In 1862 he gave himself 
wholly to the work of the ministry, and became 
pastor of the Baptist church of Waukegan, 111. In 
1864 he accepted a call to the Pierpont Street Bap- 
tist church, Brooklyn, N. Y. He subsequently set- 
tled as pastor of the First Baptist church of San 
Francisco, Cal., of the Michigan Avenue Baptist 
church, Chicago, and in 1874 he took charge of the 
First Baptist church of Brooklyn. After the First 



THOMAS 



1149 



THOMAS 



church edifice was burned its members held united 
services with the Pierpont Street church, which re- 
sulted in the union of the two churches and the 
erection of the fine edifice which they now occupy. 
Dr. Thomas is by nature an orator. His voice, 
his manner, his wit, and his earnestness captivate 




JESSE B. THOMAS, D.D. 

and arouse his audiences to an unwonted degree. 
He is also a scholar in the broadest sense. His 
lectures on the theories of modern skeptics have 
been pronounced as equal, if not superior, to those 
of Dr. Joseph Parker, by their accuracy of state- 
ment, faultless rhetoric, and resistless logic. They 
have been received by learned assemblies with de- 
light. As a lecturer, he uses brief notes, simply 
indicating the lines of thought. As a preacher, 
he employs none, yet his ideas are always clothed 
in appropriate expressions, and the repetition 
and redundancy of ordinary extemporaneous speak- 
ers never mar his discourses. He is genial and 
unassuming, with great powers of persuasion 
and a strong intellect. He never discusses the 
minor differences, but seeks by all means to bring 
men to Christ, and to strengthen the faith of the 
ciiurch in its divine Teacher. He is sometimes 
borne away by the strength of his emotions, and 
indulges in impassioned picturings of the realm of 
thought he is exploring. His audiences seem to 
be witnessing a drama where the towers and giants 
of error and doubt are falling on every side. If 
his life is spared, for which we devoutly pray, he 
•will be the most influential minister in America, 
with a reputation as wide as Anglo-Saxondom. 



Thomas, Eev. J. D., was bom in Lower Prov- 
idence, Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 22, 1836. 
During student-life in the university at Lewisburg 
lie made a profession of faith, and united with the 
Baptist Church. Subsequently he entered the 
ministry, and settled as a missionary pastor over 
several feeble churches in Huntingdon Co., Pa. 
For the space of eleven years he faced the winter's 
storm and endured the summer's heat, and faith- 
fully performed a noble work on a field which few 
are fuund to covet. But forbidding as was the toil 
of travel and the care of three feeble churches, he 
joyfully accepted his allotted work, and continued 
in it until, in November, 1878, he was suddenly 
called to his final rest. 

Thomas, Robert S., D.D., was born in Scott 
Co., Kj;., June 20, 1805. He was converted at the 
age of sixteen, and baptized by Jeremiah Varde- 
man, in Paris, Ky. He was ordained, in 1830, in 
Columbia, Mo., and was pastor there for years. 
He labored as an evangelist ; introduced Sabbath- 
schools into Missouri. In 1835 he aided in organ- 
izing the General Association, and was an honored 
member of it for twenty -five years. His wisdom, 
ability, scholarship, and successful labors gave 
him a high place in the denomination in Missouri. 
He was Professor of Languages and Moral Science 
in the State University. In 1853, president of 
William Jewell College. His last days were spent 
in organizing a church in Kansas City, and in la- 
boring successfully as its pastor until his death, 
June 12, 1859. In all relations he was a model 
man. His monument is of a spiritual character, 
and it will last forever. 

Thomas, Eev. Smith, a popular and eloquent 
pastor and evangelist, was born in Washington 
Co., Ky., Sept. 4, 1810. He united with Hardin's 
Creek Baptist church, near his birthplace, in his 
seventeenth year, and was licensed to preach at 
the age of twenty-two, and soon afterwards or- 
dained. He was several years pastor of Cox's 
Creek and other churches in Nelson and Shelby 
Counties. Upon the death of his wife, in 1854, he 
gave himself almost wholly to the work of an evan- 
gelist in Kentucky and Missouri. During his min- 
istry he baptized about 1300 persons, chiefly into 
the churches of which he was pastor, and about 
2000 others M-ere brought into the churches under 
his labors, and baptized by pastors, while he was 
acting as an evangelist. Of those who were con- 
verted under his ministry, thirty-four became 
preachers of the gospel. He made his home in 
Louisville during the latter years of his life, and 
was about twelve years moderator of Long Run 
AssoL-iation. He died March 27, 1869. 

Thomas, Thomas E., Benjamin H., Sr., Ben- 
jamin H., Jr. — This group embraces father, son, 
and grandson, the latter now preparing for the 



THOMAS 



THOMPSON 



ministry. The father was born in AY ales, and pos- 
sessed more than the usual amount of Welsh fire, 
and was on this account deservedly popular wher- 
ever he laboi-ed. He died in November, 1854, aged 
seventy-sis. The son inherits his excellent traits, 
with the added advantage of culture, and both 
father and son have for a long succession of years 
filled the pulpit of Zion church. Clarion Co., Pa: 
To the son we are indebted for the founding of the 
Reid Institute in Reidsburg, Clarion Co., Pa. 

Thomas, William H., D.D., was born June 6, 
1806, in Franklin, Ky. He was converted in 1822. 
Spent seven sessions at school, under the tuition 
of Spencer Clark, at Bloomfield. He was ordained 
in 1832. He has preached ever since, and is now 
advanced in years. Many have made a profession 
of faith under his preaching, and have been bap- 
tized by him. His talents were more than or- 
dinary ; his writings on various subjects are clear 
and scholarly. He is honored and loved by the 
people to whom he ministers. 

Thompson, Rev. A. D., was converted in Char- 
lotte Co., New Brunswick, where, in 1831, he was 
baptized by the Rev. Thomas Ainslie ; was or- 
dained, in 1834, pastor of the Baptist church in the 
parish of St. Andrew's, New Brunswick, and con- 
tinued in that relation until a short time before his 
death, in 1874. Possessed of a deeply earnest spirit, 
and gifted with a ready and powerful eloquence, 
Mr. Thompson's ministry was very useful in these 
provinces, particularly in New Brunswick. 

Thompson, Rev. Charles, was born in Amwell, 

N. J., April 14, 1748. Having completed his pre- 
paratory studies, he repaired to Warren, and was 
a member of the first class that entered Rhode 
Island College under the presidency of Dr. Man- 
ning, and graduated in 1769 with the highest 
honors in a class of seven. These seven students 
"were," in the words of Dr. Guild, "young men 
of unusual promise. Some of them were destined 
to fill conspicuous places in the approaching strug- 
gle for independence ; others were to be leaders in 
the church and distinguished educators of youth. 
Probably no class that has gone forth from the 
university, in her palmiest days of prosperity, has 
exerted so widely extended and beneficial an influ- 
ence, the times and circumstances taken into con- 
sideration, as this first class that graduated at 
Warren." 

President Manning's removal to Providence with 
the college dissolved his connection with the church 
in Warren, and Mr. Thompson was chosen his suc- 
cessor. For three years he acted as chaplain in the 
American army during the war of the Revolution. 
As will be seen in the historical sketch of the AVar- 
ren church, his home and the meeting-house of the 
church were burned by the British and Hessian 
troops. At the time he was there with his family. 



He was made a prisoner of war, and taken to New- 
port, where he was placed in confinement on board 
a guard-ship, where he remained a month, and was 
then released. He subsequently became the pastor 
of the church in Swanzey, where he had a success- 
ful ministry of twenty-three years. From Swanzey 
he was called to the Baptist church in Charlton, 
Mass. Although he accepted the call, he never 
entered upon the performance of his duties there. 
He fell a victim to the dreaded disease which car- 
ries ofi'so many in New England, — consumption, — 
and died the 4th of May, 1803. 

Mr. Thompson was an honor to his profession, 
courteous and dignified in his manner, a true 
Christian gentleman, a ripe scholar, and a most 
diligent worker as a preacher of the gospel and a 
teacher of young men who were placed under his 
tuition. His memory is still revered in the section 
where he passed so many years of a useful life. 

Thompson, Rev. Ivy F., an earnest, eloquent, 
and efi'ectual preacher in Eastern Louisiana, was 
born in Mississippi in 1820: distinguished himself 
as a lawyer; labored ten years in the ministry at 
Grecnsburg, La. ; four years moderator of the Mis- 
sissippi River Association. He died in 1860. 

Thompson, William, LL.D., was born in Edin- 
burgh, Scotland, Sept. 10, 1821. Came to America 
with his parents at the age of sixteen, and settled 
near Washington, D. C. He attended school in the 
vicinity of the Capitol for several years, and at 
twenty-one returned to Scotland and entered the 
University of Edinburgh, where he devoted him- 
self with great energy to his studies, usually spend- 
ing half and often the entire night with his books. 

He graduated with distinction, and returned to 
America and studied law. He removed to Illinois 
and began a lucrative practice, and about this time 
became deeply interested in the subject of religion, 
and was hopefully converted to God. 

He felt it his duty to pi-each the gospel, but 
stifled his convictions until meeting with a very 
dangerous accident. Upon his recovery he deter- 
mined to enter the ministry. He preached for 
some time in Illinois with varying success, and 
came to Missouri about the year 1855, and settled 
in the central part of the State, where he preached 
with remarkable power, and baptized hundreds. 

His matchless eloquence and scholarly attain- 
ments soon attracted the attention of the denom- 
ination. 

In 1856 he was elected president of Mount Pleas- 
ant College at Huntsville, Mo., his name and rep- 
utation attracting a large number of students. In 
1857 the trustees of William Jewell College called 
him to its presidency. The institution immediately 
took on a new life, and made rapid advancement in 
all the elements of success until the breaking out 
of the civil war, which caused the closing of the 



THORP 



THRESHER 



college. He went to Sidney, Iowa, where he had 
just opened a school with flattering prospects when 
through disease, aggravated by ills which his sen- 
sitive nature could not bear, he sank to rest April 
12, 1865, to rise in that coming day with a glory 
all the more resplendent for the trials and sufferings 
endured here. 

He was eminently successful as an educator. 
His learning, geniality, and kindness gave him 
great influence with the students. 

The rich, mellow tones of his voice, his masterly 
command of language, his perfect elocution, his 
gracefulness of manner, the imagery with which 
his imagination clothed every thought, his impas- 
sioned earnestness, and deep spirituality made him 
the most attractive and popular preacher in the 
Southwest. He died " honored for his greatness 
and loved for his goodness." 

Thorp, Elder William, was born in Virginia in 
1772. He removed to Kentucky in early manhood 
with an uncle, Thos. Thorp. He was converted 
when twenty years of age. He removed to Missouri 
in 1809, and settled in Boons Lick country. He 
organized the first Baptist church in Central Mis- 
souri, Mount Pleasant, and ti-aveled over much of 
the State. He was a man of good talents. He 
aided in organizing the Mount Pleasant Associa- 
tion, the first in Upper Missouri. He died in 1853, 
eighty-one yeai-s of age. 

Thresher, Ebenezer, LL.D., was bom in Staf- 
ford, Conn., Aug. 31, 1798. When eighteen years 
old he began to seek an education. At this time 
also, through the prayers of his mother and others, 
he was led to Christ. In the spring of 1818 he went 
to New Haven, where, while employed in a store, he 
was afforded more time for the improvement of his 
mind. Finding a small Baptist church at New 
Haven, he cast in his lot with it, and labored 
earnestly and successfully to secure its growth. 

In 1820, having accumulated a few hundred dol- 
lars, he gave up business and entered upon a course 
of study. Going on foot from New Haven to A^^orces- 
ter, Mass., he entered the family of Dr. Jonathan 
Going, and under the instruction of that noble man 
began his life-work. From Dr. Going's he went to 
the school of Rev. Abiel Fisher, at Bellinghani, 
Mass., and subsequently to Amherst Academy, 
where he prepared for college. The first three 
years of college-life were spent in Columbian Col- 
lege, AVashington, D. C, and the last in Brown 
University, where he graduated in 1827, a member 
of the first class under Dr. Wayland. 

During his college course Dr. Thresher was 
unceasingly active in Christian woi'k. One vaca- 
tion was spent with Baron Stow traveling on 
horseback among the churches of Northern Vir- 
ginia. In Providence he was superintendent of 
the first Baptist Sunday-school, and during a year 



of post-graduate study taught a Bible class of mar- 
ried women. In 1828 he accepted a call to become 
the pastor of the Baptist church in Portland, Me., 
where, on December 8 of the same year, he was or- 




EBENEZER THRESHER, LL.D. 

dained. This charge he resigned in 1830 on ac- 
count of sickness in his family and failure of voice. 
Fearing again to take a pastorate, he accepted the 
secretaryship of the Northern Baptist Education 
Society, which position he retained until 1845 with 
much ability and success. While engaged in this 
work he associated with it other means of useful- 
ness. He raised §20,000 for founding two tem- 
porary professorships for Newton Theological 
Seminary, and subsequently, in 1843, became the 
treasurer of that institution. In 1834 he became 
editor of The Watchman, though his name did not 
appear in connection with the paper until 1836, 
when he purchased the proprietorship from Wil- 
liam Nichols, and held this three or four years. 

In 1845, his health having become seriously im- 
paired. Dr. Thresher removed to Dayton, 0., where 
he engaged in business. In 1850, in company with 
E. E. Barney, he established the Dayton Car-Works, 
now the largest enterprise of the kind in the country. 
In 1858 he began the business of manufacturing 
varnish in Dayton, and this also proved a great 
success. In 1873 he retired from business, and 
since that time has been enjoying the leisure to 
which his years entitle him. 

Dr. Thresher has been of great service to the 
Ohio Baptists. The college at Granville, the State 
Convention, and the Educational Society have all 



THURMAN 



TICHENOR 



shared in his bounty. He lias contributed many 
articles to the denominational press, and is pro- 
foundly interested in and generous towards Baptist 
enterprises at home and abroad. He is one of 
the most valued members of the First Baptist 
church of Dayton, and his counsel is everywhere 
sought throughout the State. The honorary de- 
gree of LL.D. vras conferred upon him by Denison 
University. 

Thurman, Rev. David, a distinguished min- 
ister and an able theologian, was born of Baptist 
parents, in AYoodford Co., Ky., Aug. 12, 1792. In 
his nineteenth year he united with Good Hope 
Baptist church, in Green County, and was ordained 
to the ministry in 1814. He spent some time 
in the study of theology under Rev. Nathan Hall. 
In 1818 he settled in La Rue Co., Ky., and joined 
Nolin church. He became pastor of this and several 
other churches in Salem Association. In this field 
he labored sixteen years with unflagging zeal and 
energy, and eminent moral and intellectual power. 
Besides his almost irresistible appeals to the un- 
converted, he earnestly urged on the churches the 
claims of higher education, and home and foreign 
missions. The whole Association was greatly 
enlarged by his too brief ministry. He died of 
typhoid fever, Aug. 25, 1834. 

Thurman, Rev. Robert Livingston, son of 
Rev. David Thurman, was born in Washington 
Co., Ky., Nov. 19, 1815. He united with Nolin 
church, being baptized by his father in 1828. He 
entered Georgetown College in 1839, and graduated 
in 1842. In 1843 he was ordained pastor of 
Severn's Valley Baptist church in Elizabethtown, 
Ky., where he preached seven years, and about 
half of that period conducted the Elizabethtown 
Female Seminary. In 1850 he was appointed col- 
lecting agent for Indian missions, and the same 
year became co-editor of The Baptist Banner. In 
1851 he was appointed financial agent for George- 
town College, and in 1853 was called to the pas- 
torate of the Baptist church in Austin, Texas. He 
succeeded in collecting money, with which a good 
house of worship was built for this church. In 
1855 he accepted an agency for the Board of For- 
eign Missions of the Southern Baptist Convention, 
in Kentucky, and has continued in this work to the 
present time, except during the late civil war, when 
he was agent for the General Association of Bap- 
tists in Kentucky. He has proved himself a supe- 
rior agent, and has been of immense service to the 
cause of missions. His home is at Bardstown, Ky. 

Thurston, Rev. Gardiner, was born in New- 
port, R. I., Nov. 14, 1721. He made a profession 
of faith in Christ when he was not quite twenty 
years of age, and soon exhibited such gifts as a 
speaker that, in due time, he was licensed to preach 
by the church, and acted as assistant to his pastor, 



Rev. Nicholas Eyres. The death of Mr. Eyres in 
1759 led to his being invited to become his suc- 
cessor in the pastoral office. This position he held, 
to the great acceptance of his church, until about 
three years before his death, which occurred May 
23, 1802. 

Mr. Thurston was regarded as among the ablest 
ministers of his denomination in the times in which 
he lived. His colleague. Rev. Joshua Bradley, says 
of him that "he enjoyed a much more than com- 
mon degree of popularity as a preacher ; he had a 
great thirst for knowledge, and never lost any op- 
portunity for acquiring it ; every one regarded him 
as a fine example of a tried Christian character." 
To the testimony of Mr. Bradley may be added 
that of Rev. Benjamin Pitman, who says that the 
manners of Mr. Thurston "were in a very high 
degree amiable and winning. He mingled with 
great ease and familiarity in the social circle, and 
had the faculty of making all around him feel per- 
fectly at home. He was undoubtedly a man of 
much more than ordinary powers of mind. I think 
few men were his superiors in vrhat is usually called 
common sense. There was no tendency in his mind 
to extremes, nothing of what at this day is called 
uliraism. Hence he had the respect and confidence 
of the whole community." 

Tichenor, Isaac Taylor, D.D., was born in 

Spencer Co., Ky., Nov. 11, 1825. Feeble health 
while growing up interfered to some extent with 
his education. He was baptized in 1838 by Rev. 
Wm. Vaughan, of Bloomfield. Entered the min- 
istry at Taylorsville in 1846. Shortly after that 
he became pastor at Columbus, Miss., in January, 
1849. Returning to Kentucky in 1850, in 1851 
he was pastor at Henderson in that State. He 
accepted the call of the First Baptist church in 
Montgomery, Ala., in 1852, where he labored until 
October, 1860, when failing health caused his resig- 
nation. He entered the Confederate army as 
chaplain at the beginning of the war between the 
States, in which service he continued until called 
back to his old Montgomery charge, in January, 
1863. Became pastor of the First church in Mem- 
phis, Tenn., in 1871. Accepted the presidency of 
the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Ala- 
bama at Auburn in 1872, a position which he still 
holds. 

Dr. Tichenor possesses a striking combination 
of the higher traits of intellectual power. Gov. 
Watts, his intimate friend, once expressed the opin- 
ion that he was endowed with the best intellect 
with which he ever came in contact. He is thor- 
oughly acquainted with theology, history, and 
science, and is a clear and independent thinker, a 
gifted writer, a most eloquent and powerful 
preacher, and as nearly the perfection of a plat- 
form speaker as one will meet in this country. 



TIGKNOR 



1153 



TIMMONS 



These qualities have given him a national reputa- 
tion. He is a fascinating companion, having in 
social life the pleasant quality of Christian sim- 
plicity. 

Ticknor, William D,, founder of the well- 
knovrn Boston publishing house of Ticknor & 
Fields, was born in Lebanon. N. H., in the year 
1810. When but a lad he came to Boston and 




WILLIAM D. TICKNOR. 

began business life in his uncle's brokerage office, 
being subsequently engaged in the Columbian Bank. 
But his predisposition was for occupation of a higher 
castC) and he soon entered upon the business which 
he so greatly developed, and which he followed as 
long as he lived. His love of books, his genial 
manners, his excellent judgment, and his perfect 
integrity brought him into nearer than merely mer- 
cantile relations with many of the great American 
and English authors whose works were published 
by his house, and his connection with Nathaniel 
Hawthorne was especially intimate and tender. 
From liis youth he was a member of the Federal 
Street (now Clarendon Street) Baptist church. He 
was superintendent of its Sunday-school for nine- 
teen years, and he rendered the society such emi- 
nent services as treasurer during a long and crit- 
ical period, that in 1854 a service of silver plate 
was presented to him in recognition. His official 
position and his personal character bound him in 
close association with the various pastors of the 
church during his time, and he was a particular 
personal friend of Howard Malcom, William 
Hague, and Baron Stow. He was also for many 



years treasurer of the Massachusetts Baptist Con- 
vention, holding that office at the time of his sudden 
death, which took place at the Continental Hotel, 
in Philadelphia, April 10, 1864. 

TilHnghast, Rev. John, son of Deacon Pardon 
and Mary (Sweet) Tillinghast, was born in West 
Greenwich, R. I., Oct. 3, 1812; a descendant of 
Rev. Pardon Tillinghast, an early pastor of the First 
Baptist church in Providence ; Avas converted at 
the age of fourteen ; was studious and industrious; 
began preaciiing soon after he was twenty-one ; 
was ordained pastor of the West Greenwich Baptist 
church Oct. 8, 1840, and remained such till his 
death ; an energetic, practical, powerful preacher 
in Western Rhode Island ; honored by Dr. Wayland 
and all ministers ; represented his town in the Gen- 
eral Assembly in 1854 and 1855 ; after preaching 
to his church more than forty years he died in the 
ministry, March 28, 1878, aged sixty-six ; one of 
the best of men. His son, Hon. Pardon E. Til- 
linghast, resides at Pawtucket, R. I. 

Tilly, E.ev. James, was a native of Salisbury, 
in England, but was called and ordained by the 
church in Charleston, S. C. We next find him 
laboi'ing acceptably and successfully in the vicinity 
where Euham church was afterwards organized, in 
Beaufort District. He afterwards settled on "Ed- 
isto Island, where he resided until the time of his 
death, which happened April 14, 1744, in the forty- 
sixth year of his age." Rev. Isaac Chanler said 
of him in his funeral sermon, "As a minister, he 
was able and faithful to deliver unto you the whole 
counsel of God." Many whose names have partly 
or wholly perished from the earth have a glorious 
and eternal " record on high." 

Timmons, Rev. E. B.— Florida has drawn more 
largely upon South Carolina than any State for her 
population and ministry in past years, and one of 
the working and useful ministers furnished the 
Baptists of Florida by that State is Elijah Benton 
Timmons, son of Rev. Samuel Timmons, a worthy 
minister of South Carolina. The subject of this 
notice was born in Marion District, May 21, 1813. 
From early childhood he was the subject of reli- 
gious impressions, but was not baptized until 1832. 
Elder J. M. Timmons, a cousin, immersed him at 
Elim church, in Darlington District. 

Removing to Florida, he arrived at or near his 
present location Dec. 26, 1856, since which time he 
has labored almost without cessation as a minister, 
his work being mostly in Putnam and Clay Coun- 
ties, and mainly by his efforts have the churches in 
that section been raised up. Blessed with a com- 
petency, he was able to labor without compensation. 
He has baptized some 1400 persons, and thinks at 
least 1000 of them have been in Florida. 

He is a decided Baptist, a man of catholic spirit, 
sound in doctrine, but of a conservative mind. 



TIPTON 



1154 



TOLERATION 



He preaches with a pathos that gives a minister 
influence with Southern people, whose feelings are 
ardent. Elder Timmons is at this time the mod- 
erator of the North St. John's River Association, 
and has been elected moderator several times of 
the Santa Fe River Association, and was during 
one or two sessions president of the State Conven- 
tion. He is a thorough missionary, a devoted 
friend of Sunday-schools, and a warm advocate of 
temperance. 

Advanced in years now, and at times infirm, yet 
he attends the Union and Associational meetings, 
preaches to one church as pastor, and makes mis- 
sionary tours in his Association. During the year 
1879 he traveled almost constantly as a missionary 
in the North St. John's Association, and labored in 
the most destitute sections, and nurtured declining 
and new churches. 

Tipton, Hon. John, Avas born in Tennessee in 
1785. He came to Indiana in 1806. He was from 
the first an active, large-minded citizen. He was 
often engaged in repelling the encroachments of 
hostile Indians. He was a soldier of decided cour- 
age. He was elected to Congress in 1833, and re- 
mained in it until his death, in 1839. 

He was made chairman of the Committee of In- 
dian Affairs. He was one of the projectors of the 
AVabash and Erie Canal. Hon. C. Smith speaks of 
him as a most faithful Senator, — evading no issue 
and always in his seat ready for the business of 
the hour. He died of apoplexy, and was buried in 
Logansport, Ind. Tipton County, and the town of 
Tipton, in Indiana, were named in honor of him. 
Mr. Tipton was a Baptist. 

Titcomb, Rev. Benjamin, the founder and first 

pastor of the First Baptist church in Portland, Me., 
was born in Falmouth, near Portland, Me., in July, 
1761. For some time he and his wife were mem- 
bers of the Congregational Church, but a change in 
their sentiments led to their joining the Baptists. 
He was ordained to the work of the Christian 
ministry in 1801. The few brethren and sisters 
in Portland now felt strong enough to band to- 
gether and form a church. Mr. Titcomb was in- 
vited to become their pastor. He accepted their 
call, and for three years ministered to them. He 
then removed to Brunswick, Me., the seat of Bow- 
doin College, and was the pastor of the Baptist 
church in that pleasant village from 1804 to 1827. 
A remarkable revival, which dated its origin from 
a sermon preached by Dr. Baldwin, of Boston, July 
22, 1816, resulted in adding to Mr. Titcomb's 
church 152 persons. A new church having been 
formed in the village, Mr. Titcomb became its pas- 
tor, and continued such for seven years. He died, 
full of years and ripe for heaven, Sept. 30, 1848, 
at the advanced age of eighty-seven. 

Tobey, Rev. Zalmon, was bom in 1792; grad- 



uated at Brown University in the class of 1817; 
was ordained as a Baptist minister, and settled first 
in Bristol, R. I., and subsequently in Providence 
and Pawtuxet. The latter part of his life was 
spent in "Warren. He died Sept. 17, 1858. " He 
was a good scholar and a useful and estimable 
man." 

Toby, Thomas W., D.D., was for several years 
a missionary to China; afterwards pastor in North 
Carolina; Professor of Theology in Howard Col- 
lege, and professor in Judson Female Institute ; 
professor in Bethel College, Russellville, Ky. ; 
pastor at Union Springs, and then at Camden, Ala. ; 
and now principal of the Collegiate Institute in 
Eufaula. Dr. Toby is one of the ripest scholars in 
the South, a graceful writer, a devout Christian, an 
earnest minister, and an accomplished gentleman. 

Todd, Rev. Simpson, was born in Lancashire, 
England, Aug. 15, 1812; died Dec. 31, 1878, at 
Brant, AVis. He was ordained to the work of the 
Christian ministry in 1842; supplied churches in 
Bacup and Rochdale, in Lancashire, England, with 
much success. He was pastor of the churches in 
Sheboygan Falls, Sheboygan City, and Brant, AVis. 
He was a sound gospel preacher, and entirely con- 
secrated to the work of the ministry. 

Todd, Rev. Thomas, was bom in Ireland. He 
was converted and baptized in St. John, New 
Brunswick, and joined Germain Street Baptist 
church. He was successively pastor of the follow- 
ing Baptist churches in New Brunswick: AVood- 
stock, Sackville, Moncton, and the church at St. 
Stephen, where he still preaches. Mr. Todd has 
also rendered valuable service as a missionary and 
agent for missions in New Brunswick. 

Toleration Act, The. — AVhen AVilliam and 
Mary ascended the throne of England, made vacant 
by the flight of James II., their wai-mest friends 
were the Protestant Dissenters of Great Britain 
and Ireland. Episcopalians of the thorough loy- 
alty of Bishop Burnet were not numerous, though 
many of that community rendered a measure of 
allegiance to AVilliam HI. 

On March 16, 1669, the king, in his speech to 
the House of Commons, made an appeal to that 
body for a modification of the oaths taken by men 
in the service of the government, so that there 
would be " room for all Protestants willing and 
able to serve" (their sovereigns). To carry out 
the royal request a bill was introduced into the 
House of Lords to change the obnoxious oaths. 
One clause of this bill " took away the necessity 
of receiving the sacrament (in the Episcopal 
Church) in order to make a man capable of enjoy- 
ing any office, employment, or place of trust." 
This clause was rejected. After this another clause 
met with the same fate, by which it was provided 
that all persons should be sufficiently qualified for 



TOLERATION 



TOLERATION 



any office " who within a year before or after their 
admission did receive the sacrament, either accord- 
ing to the usage of the Church of England, or in 
any Protestant congregation, and could produce 
a certificate under the hands of the minister, and 
two other credible persons, members of such a con- 
gregation." The proposition in the same House 
to remove the necessity " of kneeling at the sacra- 
ment," and using the sign of " the cross in bap- 
tism," was rejected. The liberality of King Wil- 
liam was far in advance of the tyrannical Episcopal 
Church and Legislature of England. Soon after a 
bill for the " Toleration of Protestant Dissenters" 
was passed, and became the law of William's em- 
pire. When this act was under discussion it was 
proposed to limit its duration to abrief pei-iod, that 
" the Dissenters might demean themselves so as to 
merit the continuance of it when the term of years 
should end ;" but it was passed without this inso- 
lent restriction. The full title of this celebrated 
act is, "An Act for Exempting their Majesties' 
Protestant Subjects, Dissenting from the Church 
of England, from the Penalties of Certain Laws." 
It has eighteen clauses. 

By this law, when certain conditions were com- 
plied with, Dissenters were freed from the more 
outrageous persecuting enactments of Queen Eliza- 
beth, James I., and Charles II. 

Clause VII. says, " No person dissenting from 
the Church of England in holy orders, or pretended 
holy orders, or pretending to holy orders, nor any 
preacher or teacher of any congregation of dissent- 
ing Protestants, that shall make and subscribe the 
declaration aforesaid, and take the said oaths, at 
the genei-al or quarter sessions of the peace to be 
held for the county, town, parts, or division where 
such person lives, which court is hereby empow- 
ered to administer the same ; and shall also declare 
his approbation of, and subscribe the articles of re- 
ligion mentioned in the statute made in the thir- 
teenth year of the reign of the late Queen Elizabeth, 
except the 34th, 35th, and 36th, and these words of 
the 20th article (" The Church hath power to de- 
cree rites or ceremonies, and authority in contro- 
versies of faith, and yet"), shall be liable to any of 
the pains or penalties mentioned in an act made 
in the seventeenth year of the reign of King 
Charles II.," etc. 

Clause IX. says, "Whereas some dissenting 
Protestants scruple the baptizing of infants, be it 
enacted by the authority aforesaid, that every per- 
son in pretended holy orders, or pretending to 
holy orders, or preacher or teacher, that shall sub- 
scribe the aforesaid articles, except before ex- 
cepted ; and also except part of the 27th article, 
teaching infant baptism ; and shall take the oaths, 
and make and subscribe the declaration aforesaid, 
in manner aforesaid, every such person shall enjoy 



all the pi-ivileges, benefits, and advantages which 
any other dissenting minister, as aforesaid, might 
have or enjoy by virtue of this act." 

Clause XII. exempts Quakers from the penal- 
ties of the same persecuting laws, on special con- 
ditions. 

Clause XVI. declares " that neither this act, nor 
any clause, article, or thing herein contained, shall 
extend, or be construed to extend, to give any ease, 
benefit, or advantage to any Papist or Popish re- 
cusant whatever, or any person that shall deny, in 
his preaching or writing, the doctrine of the blessed 
Trinity, as it is declared in the aforesaid articles of 
religion." 

Clause XVIII. asserts, " that no congregation, or 
assembly for religious worship, shall be permitted 
or allowed by this act, until the place of such 
meeting shall be certified to the bishop of the dio- 
cese, or to the archdeacon of that archdeaconry, or 
to the justices of the peace at the general or quar- 
ter sessions of the peace for the county, city, or 
place in which such meeting shall be held, and 
registered in the said bishop's or archdeacon's 
court respectively, or recorded at the said general 
or quarter sessions," etc. 

Clause IV. affirms that any dissenting assembly, 
held for religious worship, with " the doors locked, 
barred, or bolted," shall receive no benefit from 
this law, "that every person that shall come to, 
and be at such meeting, shall be liable to all the 
pains and penalties of all the aforesaid laws recited 
in this act."* 

Such are the chief features of the famous Tol- 
eration Act, by which our Baptist fathers in Eng- 
land obtained freedom to worship God, fettered by 
some restraints and hardships, and by which in 
Virginia our brethren were frequently shielded 
from persecution. The Hon. John Blair, deputy 
governor of Virginia, commenting, in a letter to 
the king's attorney in Spottsylvania, on the arrest 
of John Waller, Lewis Craig, and James Childs for 
preaching Christ, says, " The Act of Toleration has 
given them a right to apply, in a proper manner, 
for licensed houses, for the worship of God accord- 
ing to their consciences."! This letter was written 
in 1768. Dr. R. B. Semple, who has preserved Mr. 
Blair's letter, says, " Though the Toleration Law 
(Act) is not believed to have been strictly obliga- 
tory in Virginia, yet, as was frequently the case at 
that period, it was acted under in many instances ;" 
that is, it gave protection, when its provisions 
were complied with, from magisterial and other 
persecutions. 

AVe abhor the insulting assumption of the word 
toleration. Nevertheless, the Toleration Act pro- 



* Neal'a History of the Puritans, iv. 496, 508-15. Dublin, 1755. 
t Semple's History of the Virginia Baptists, pp. 16, 32. 



TOLMAN 



1156 



TOMBES 



tects our brethren in England now, as it shielded 
our fathers in Virginia more than a century ago. 

Tolman, Rev. C. F., was born at Meridian, 
N. Y., Oct. 25, 1832. The family having in the 
mean time removed to Illinois, he was baptized by 
Rev. Morgan Edwards into the Pavilion Baptist 
church, in the northern part of that State, in 1844. 
lie was educated at ShurtlefF College and Madison 
University ; entering the former as Freshman, in 
1850, and graduating at the latter in 1856, and 
from the seminary there in 1858. In November of 
tiie last-named year, with his wife, Mary R. Bron- 
son, a daughter of Dr. M. Bronson, the veteran 
missionary, he sailed for Assam, under appointment 
of the Missionary Union. In six months after his 
arrival at Nowgong he preached his first sermon 
in Assamese, having acquired the language with 
remarkable rapidity. In 1859 he commenced the 
interesting mission among the Mekirs, reducing to 
writing the language of that tribe, and preparing 
in it a catechism and vocabulary. The fever of the 
country, however, made such ravages in his consti- 
tution that, under medical direction, he was com- 
pelled soon to leave his work and return to this 
country, arriving in July, 1861. The voyage 
having in some degree restored his health, he en- 
tered the pastorate at Lawrence, Mass., where, 
however, his health again failed after two years of 
happy and fruitful service, in which he baptized 
nearly every month when able to preach. His next 
settlement was at Fort Madison, Iowa, in 1864; 
from which he was called to the service of the 
Missionary Union, as assistant to Dr. S. M. Osgood, 
the district secretary for the West. Entering this 
work in 1866, he continued in association with Dr. 
Osgood until the death of the latter, in 1875, when 
the entire charge of the district devolved upon 
himself. During six years he has occupied this 
laborious post, meeting its demands with the utmost 
self-devotion, and as a reward of his well-directed 
service having the satisfaction of seeing the contri- 
butions from his field every year increasing. 

Tolman, Eev. Frank W., a son of Hon. Phi- 
lander Tolman, of Harrison, Me., was born in 
Worcester, Mass., Aug. 13, 1842. He was a grad- 
uate of Colby University in the class of 1866. He 
spent one year at Newton, and two years as a stu- 
dent in the theological department of Shurtleff Col- 
lege. His ordination took place at Fai-mington, 
Me., May 18, 1870. For two years and a half he 
was pastor and supply for this chui-ch, and then 
removed to Campton village, N. H., where he was 
pastor of the church nearly three years. He sub- 
sequently had pastorates in Dexter, Me., and South 
Hampton, N. H., in which place he died July 14, 
1877. 

Tolman, Rev. Jeremy F. — During twenty 
years of his later life this good minister of Jesus 



Christ, who died at Sandwich, 111., in 1872, was 
made nearly helpless by paralysis of his lower 
limbs, so that he was unable to walk, continuing, 
however, to the last, useful in various relations as 
a writer and a counselor among the churches. He 
was born in Needham, Mass., Dec. 17, 1784. He 
was of Congregationalist parentage, but upon his 
conversion became a Baptist through independent 
and careful study of the New Testament. He was 
licensed to preach in 1814, at Dana, Mass., and 
was ordained in 1819, at Junius, N. Y. He labored 
chiefly at Junius and in Cato, Cayuga Co., until 
1834, when he removed to Illinois, under appoint- 
ment of the Home Mission Society. At Long Grove, 
in the northern part of the State, at Upper Alton, in 
the southern, he served as pastor, until the paralysis 
of which we spoke above closed his pastoral con- 
nection with the latter church, April 27, 1850. 
From this time until his death he was mostly laid 
aside from active labor. Among the contributions 
of his pen during that period may be especially 
named his " History of the Fox River Association,'" 
published in 1859. He was to the close of life a 
student, not only of the Bible and theology, but 
of science and politics. Though he gave away all 
his library in his early sickness to young ministers, 
he afterwards collected another of considerable size. 
He is well remembered by those who knew him in 
these last years of his life for his cheerful spirit, 
and bright, vigorous intellect, and his wide informa- 
tion, embracing whatever related to current ques- 
tions of every sort. Among the children who sur- 
vive him are Rev. J. N. Tolman, now of New 
York, Rev. C. F. Tolman, Chicago, and Mrs. N. M. 
Bacon, of Dundee, 111. 

Tombes, John, B.D., was bom at Bewdley, 
Worcestershire, England, in 1603. At fifteen years 
of age he entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford. At col- 
lege he made such good use of his opportunities, 
and acquired such a reputation for learning, that 
upon the decease of his tutor in 1624 he was chosen 
to succeed him in the catechetical lecture, when 
he was but twenty-one years of age. This position 
he held for seven years. 

While he was parish clergyman of Leominster 
he preached a sermon on the reformation of the 
church, which was published subsequently by the 
House of Commons. It was a sermon of great 
power. At the commencement of the Parliament- 
ary war in 1641, he was driven out of his home by 
the forces of the king, and everything he had was 
carried aw.ay on account of it. 

Mr. Tombes in 1637 began to entertain doubts 
about infant baptism. While in Bristol he was 
almost persuaded that the practice had no Scrip- 
tural authority. When he came to London, in 1643, 
he determined to consult the most learned Pedo- 
baptists, that the question might be settled forever 



TOMBES 



1157 



TOMKIES 



in his mind. The celebrated Westminster As- 
sembly of Divines being at that time in session, 
and Mr. Tombes having learned from one of its 
members that it had a committee on infant bap- 
tism, drew up a paper in Latin, containing his 
chief reasons for doubting the lawfulness of that 
custom, and he sent it to Mr. Whitaker, the chair- 
man of the committee, that his objections might be 
removed. But the only notice the Assembly took 
of his paper was to try and hinder his settlement 
in London. At Bewdley, three miles from Kid- 
derminster, where Richard Baxter preached, Mr. 
Tombes became the minister of the parish ; and 
thinking it hopeless to reform the church, he 
formed a separate community holding Baptist sen- 
timents, and of this church he was pastor, while 
he still '• continued minister of the parish." 

Mr. Baxter, the leading Presbyterian minister 
in England, felt deeply moved by this fountain of 
heresy almost at his own door, and, like a good 
soldier, he determined to attack Jlr. Tombes. The 
Ijattle took place on the 1st of January, 1650, in 
the church at Bewdley ; it lasted seven or eight 
hours. Baxter showed a determination to secure 
the victory even at the expense of some malice 
and considerable indecency. And the good man 
thought that he had succeeded, though all unpre- 
judiced persons were of a different opinion. After 
this controversy Mr. Tombes was regarded as a 
champion by the Baptists ; and he held public dis- 
cussions with Mr. Tirer and Mr. Smith at Rosse, 
with Mr. Cragg and Mr. Vaughn at Abergavenny, 
and with some one else at Hereford ; and many 
who differed from his views believed that " he had 
the advantage of his opponents in learning and 
argument." 

After the Restoration, when he was about sixty 
years of age, he retired from the ministry, the 
duties of which he could only perform at the risk 
of his liberty, his property, and his life. Among 
his friends were Lord Clarendon, the lord chan- 
cellor, and Bishops Sanderson, Barlow, and Ward. 
Mr. Baxter describes him as " the chief of the Ana- 
baptists, the greatest and most learned writer 
against infant baptism." 

The narrow-minded N'eal, author of the " His- 
tory of the Puritans," a Congregationalist, says, 
" Mr. John Tombes, B.D., was educated in the 
University of Oxford : he was a person of incom- 
parable parts, well versed in the Greek and He- 
brew languages, and a most excellent disputant." 
He was made a trier in 1653, whose duty it was, 
with others of a committee, to examine candidates 
for the ministry in the national church, and in- 
vestigate the character of " ignorant and scandal- 
ous" incumbents, with a view to their removal. 
After the Act of Uniformity expelled him, in 
1662, from his parish, he was offered positions of 



honor and profit in the National Church, but no 
persuasions could move him to serve at the altars 
of the Anglican Establishment as an Episcopalian. 

Mr. Tombes was a man of great learning in 
every department of literature. He had a power- 
ful intellect; he was a ready speaker in public 
discussions ; he was universally known by his 
writings. He was the author of twenty-eight pub- 
lications, and in his day he was efficient beyond 
most men in securing the extension of the Baptist 
denomination. He died at Salisbury, May 25, 
1676. 

Tombes, J. B., D.D., was bom in Albany, N. Y., 
in 1821 ; converted and baptized at the age of six- 
teen ; studied for the ministry, and graduated at 
Madison University in 1847 ; became pastor of the 
Fourth church in Richmond, Va., where he was 
ordained in 1848; was principal of Meadsville 
Academy, Va., from 1854 to 1859, when he took 
charge of Liberty Female College, Mo., and held 
his position there until 1864, when he removed to 
Philadelphia, Pa. ; was pastor of the Xorth Baptist 
church of that city for some time, then of the Berean 
church at Carbondale, Pa., when he removed to 
Ohio; was pastor at Tiffin, and also at Delaware, 
and president, in 1870, of the Ohio Baptist Minis- 
ters' Conference. In 1871 he became associate 
editor of The Baptist Record, published at Charles- 
town, W.Va., and in 1873 became president of Carle- 
ton College, Meigs Co., 0., but was compelled to 
yield his position on account of ill health. In 
1869 he gave a series of articles in the Journal 
and Messenger on " The Writings and Teachings 
of the Apostolic and Christian Fathers," and in 
1873 held a public discussion with the Central 
Methodist, Ky., on "The Mode of Christian Bap- 
tism." He is the author of a very useful book 
on " The Christian Rite of the One Only Baptism." 
In the pastorate he has had much success in win- 
ning souls to Christ. While at Carbondale, Pa., 
he baptized over 100 converts. In 1875 he re- 
moved to Anaheim, Cal., for his health. He occu- 
pies a leading position in the Baptist ministry of 
Central and Southern California. 

Tomkies, Rev. J. H., was born in Hanover Co., 
Va., Nov. 18. 1839. His father has devoted him- 
self to teaching, for which he is well qualified, and 
is a faithful member of the Ashland Baptist 
church, Va. 

When a boy he consecrated his life to the Lord, 
and soon gave indications of his future occupation. 
He was impressed early in life Avith an earnest de- 
sire to preach the gospel, and that it was his duty to 
fit himself for the work ; for this purpose he entered 
Richmond College when about nineteen, where he 
remained two sessions, and prosecuted the study 
of mathematics, French, German, and English. 
With an intense desire to engage in preaching, he 



TOMKIES 



1158 



TOPPING 



left college, returned to Ashland, and was there 
ordained. Just before the late war he removed to 
Florida, and first located at Madison, where he 
taught school and preached. Remaining there a 
year, he went to Gainesville, and taught in the East 
Florida Seminary, and preached to the few Baptists 
there. 

At the breaking out of the war he enlisted as a 
private in the 7th Florida Regiment. His general 
deportment was such that in one year he was 
elected by his comrades chaplain of the regiment. 
He served in this capacity to the close of the war, 
and so maintained his character for integrity, 
faithfulness, and piety that one of his comrades 
says of him, " Let him but speak, and all were 
prepared to hear and be influenced by his words." 

Returning to his adopted State after the war 
closed, he settled in Gainesville again, preaching in 
the town, and to Fort Clark, Wacahoota, and Staf- 
ford's Pond churches for two years. From 1868 to 
1870 he preached at Fernandina. From 1870 to 
1875 he served Elim, Eliam, Providence, and 
Pleasant Grove churches. While preaching to the 
First church, Gainesville, in 1875, and others 
around, his health failed, and his decline was 
rapid, and Aug. 15, 1878, he died at his house in 
Gainesville, to which place he had returned. 

He was open and generous. He was excessively 
modest and retiring, except with his intimate 
friends. 

As a preacher, he was doctrinal and practical. 
The Saviour, in his office, work, and word was his 
theme, and him he constantly exalted. He was a 
clear thinker and writer. lie was " learned in the 
Scriptures," and confirmed the faith of saints, and 
was able to contend with error. He met in public 
debate the champion of Campbellism in his sec- 
tion, and so completely overpowered him that he 
left that region. 

During its existence he was a warm supporter of 
the Florida Baptist, and its corresponding editor. 
He was frequently moderator and clerk of the Santa 
Fe River Association, and he was president and 
secretary of the State Convention at different 
times, and at his death was its president. He 
never sought civil office, and reluctantly accepted 
the office of county treasurer when unable any 
longer to pi-each, which position he held at his 
death. 

Probably no man of his age and short residence 
in the State held a more prominent position in the 
denomination. As might be expected, his death 
was peaceful and triumphant. His family and 
some friends were assembled at his house, and, as 
they gathered about him, he repeated the 23d 
Psalm and the hymns, "How firm a foundation," 
etc., and "Jesus, lover of my soul," and then 
asked that they would all pray with him that he 



might be fully resigned. Repeatedly he said, "I 
shall soon be at rest." 

Tommie, Rev. Joel C, a pioneer preacher in 
Bradley Co., Ark., was a native of Georgia, where 
he became a preacher. He settled on L'Aigle 
Creek, in Bradley Co., Ark., in 1850, and soon after 
gathered the Bethel church, about four miles south 
of the present town of Edinburg, in Dorsey Co. 
Mr. Tommie was very faithful, often walking five 
or six miles to preach after the labors of the day on 
his little farm. AVherever he could get a few per- 
sons together he always preached. It was re- 
marked not long ago by one who knew him well, 
" It seems to me that when Brother Tommie was 
the only preacher in the country we had more 
preaching than now when we have plenty of 
preachers." He laid the foundations of a number 
of churches. He died in 1871. 

Topping, Charles Henry, a well-known Baptist 

layman of Delavan, Wis., a native of Charleston, 
Montgomery Co., N. Y., where he was born May 
22, 1830. He is the oldest son of the late Rev. 
Henry Topping, one of the first pioneer ministers 
of AVisconsin. Charles H. spent his early youth in 
Leesville, Schoharie Co., N. Y., where his father 
began his labors as a Christian minister. When 
he was nine years of age his father removed to 
Wisconsin, reaching Delavan, Walworth Co., in the 
autumn of 1839. Mr. Topping became the pastor 
of the Baptist church which had just been organ- 
ized. His son selected the calling of a merchant as 
his vocation, and for several years he was in a store 
perfecting his knowledge of and becoming a first- 
class business man. In 1851, Mr. Topping began 
business for himself as a merchant in Delton, Wis. 
In 1857 he returned to Delavan, and engaged suc- 
cessfully in mercantile pursuits until 1864, when, 
owing to the total loss of his health, he was obliged 
to retire for a time. From 1864 to 1874 he resided 
in Southern Illinois and in Ottawa, Kansas, seeking 
by change of climate and out-door exercise the res- 
toration of his health. This being secured, he re- 
turned, in 1874, to Delavan, and again commenced 
business. He is now at the head of one of the 
largest houses in the county, and ranks among its 
best business men. 

But it is as a devoted Christian that Mr. Topping 
is best known. At the age of eleven he obtained 
a hope in Christ, and was baptized by his father 
into the fellowship of the Delavan Baptist church. 
For nearly forty years he has been one of its most 
active and useful members. While residing in Il- 
linois, Mr. Topping was a member of the board of 
the Illinois Industrial University, and he has sev- 
eral times been a member of the board of the Wis- 
consin Baptist State Convention, and in its earlier 
history a member of the board of Wayland Acad- 



TOPPING 



1159 



TOY 



Topping, Rev. Henry, was a native of Charles- 
ton, N. Y. He was born in 1804. Both his parents 
were pious, and took great pains with his early re- 
ligious education. Converted at nineteen years of 
age, he made a profession of religion, and united 
with the Baptist church in his native place. Or- 
dained to the work of the ministry at the age of 
thirty, he was first settled as pastor of the Baptist 
church at Leesville, where he remained five years. 
Extensive revivals of religion attended his minis- 
try. He was eminently fitted for an evangelist. 
While pastor at Leesville he held special meetings 
at Charleston, Scotville, and Argusville, where his 
labors were blessed in turning many to God. In 
1839 he removed to Delavan, Wis., and became the 
first pastor of the Baptist church, which had just 
been organized, which grew rapidly under his 
labors. He planted the gospel in all the region 
around, and was most untiring in his missionary 
and itinerant labors. Churches at Walworth, Sugar 
Creek, East Troy, and Turtleville (now Clinton) 
were founded as the results of his labors. The 
chuwh at Delavan, organized forty years ago, and 
of which he was the first pastor, is now the largest 
church in the State. His two sons, Charles H. 
and Marshall Topping, and his daughter, Mrs. 
Hattie La Bar, are active members of the church. 
Owing to the failure of his health he was obliged 
to retire from the active work of the ministry about 
twenty years before his death, but he preached 
occasionally until he went to receive his crown. 
He was a man of unblemished character, of gentle 
and retiring disposition, and highly esteemed in 
all the region where he labored for his Master. 

Toronto, The Jarvis Street Clmrch of, is the 

most influential Baptist church in Canada. Until 
within a few months, for a number of years it was 
under the pastoral care of the distinguished Dr. J. 
H. Castle, beloved and honored in the United States 
as well as in Canada. He built a splendid church 
edifice in Philadelphia, Pa., and during his pastor- 
ate the Jarvis Street church was erected. It cost 
$100,000. It has sittings for 1300 persons, and it 
was dedicated Dec. 3, 1875. It is one of the finest 
churches on this side of the Atlantic. (See cut on 
the following page.) 

Torrance, Rev. John, M.A., was born of Pres- 
byterian parents Dec. 6, 1839, in Kilmarnock, 
Ayrshire, Scotland. He came to Canada in 1849. 
Until thirteen years of age he enjoyed the best 
school advantages. At seventeen he entered upon 
school-teaching, and taught five years, working his 
way up from the third to the first class in his pro- 
fession. About the age of twenty he joined the 
Baptists, and commenced preaching. For four 
years he preached to the churches of Woodville 
and West Line of Brock, Ontario, and taught 
school. During this period he was ordained, but 



at its close he entered the Canadian Literary Insti- 
tute as a theological student, and remained two full 
academical years. For the thi-ee years following 
he was pastor of the church in Mount Elgin, On- 
tario. At the beginning of 186G he accepted a call 
to the Cheltenham and Edmonton churches in the 
same province. During the last four of the six 
years' continuance of this relation he took the 
Arts course in the University of Toronto, at the 
same time performing his pastoral duties. He gradu- 
ated B.A. in 1872, and took the M.A. degree in the 
year following. At his graduation he was Silver 
Medalist in Metaphysics, and prizeman in Oriental 
Languages. In the fall of 1872 he settled over the 
church in Yorkville, a suburb of Toronto. At the 
New Year of 1875 he accepted the chair of New 
Testament Exegesis in the theological department 
of the Canadian Literary Institute at Woodstock. 
In 1878, on the death of Rev. Dr. Fyfe, he was 
chosen principal of the same department, and in 
the beginning of 1881 he became principal of the 
literary department also. As an expository preacher 
and as a scholar and educator. Principal Torrance 
has few equals. Recently he was appointed to a 
professorship in the new Theological Seminary at 
Toronto, but before he entered upon its duties he 
fell asleep in Jesus. 

Towle, Francis W., A.M., was bom in New 
London, N. IL, Nov. 21, 1835; graduated from 
Madison University. At present he is the prin- 
cipal of Colgate Academy, in which he is per- 
forming a noble work for those who are enjoying 
the advantages of the institution. 

Towner, Rev. Enoch, was born in Newbury, 
Conn., in 1755 ; awakened under .Joseph Dimock's 
preaching in Lower Granville, Nova Scotia, in 1790 ; 
converted subsequently, and baptized by Rev. Thos. 
Ilandley Chipnian ; ordained, in 1799, pastor of 
Digby church •, was present at the formation of the 
Baptist Association, June 23, 1800 ; evangelized in 
Argyle in 1806, and baptized 120 converts. Mr. 
Towner's labors were highly useful in Digby 
County; died in November, 1827, aged seventy- 
two years. 

Toy, Crawford H., D.D., LL.D., Professor of 
the Semitic Languages in Harvard University, 
and late Professor of the Interpretation of the Old 
Testament in the Southern Baptist Theological 
Seminary, was born in Norfolk, Va., March 23, 
1836. From 1847 to 1852 he was at the Norfolk 
Academy. He entered the University of Virginia 
in October, 1852, and took the degree of Master of 
Arts in .June, 1856. From October, 1856, to .June, 
1859, he taught for Mr. John Hart, in the Albe- 
marle Female Institute, Charlottesville, Va. In 
1859 he was appointed a missionary to Japan by 
the Foreign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist 
Convention, and studied in preparation for that 




JARVIS STREET BAPTIST CHURCH, TORONTO, CANADA 



TOZER 



1161 



TRAIN 



work at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary 
in its first session, in 1859-60. He was baptized 
at Charlottesville, Va., by Rev. John A. Broadus, 
in April, 1854, and was ordained at the same place 
in June, 1860. From September to December, 
1860, he was engaged in a tour through the Ports- 
mouth Association, which body had agreed to sup- 
port him in his missionary work in Japan. The 
breaking out of the war making it impracticable 
to go to Japan, he went to Richmond College in 
Januai-y, 1861, as Professor of Greek, and thence, 
the May following, to Norfolk, where he supplied 
the pulpit of the Cumberland Street Baptist church. 
In March, 1861, he went into the Army of Virginia 
as a private, became chaplain in January, 1863, 
and was made prisoner at Gettysburg, and was in 
Fort McHenry from July to November, 1863. He 
was appointed Professor of Physics and Astronomy 
in the University of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa, in Au- 
gust, 1864. He retui-ned to Virginia, and taught 
from October, 1865, to May, 1866. He studied at 
Berlip., Prussia, from August, 1866, to July, 1868, 
returning to America in September, 1868. In Jan- 
uary, 1869, he was appointed Professor of Greek 
in Furinan University, Greenville, S. C. In May, 
1869, he was appointed Professor of Old Testament 
Interpretation in the Southern Baptist Theological 
Seminary, which position he held until his resigna- 
tion in May, 1879. His inaugural address deliv- 
ered Sept. 1, 1869, was published, and is entitled 
" The Claims of Biblical Interpretation upon Bap- 
tists." He has also contributed several articles to 
the Baptist Quarterlt/. 

In June, 1880, he was elected to the chair of 
Semitic Languages in Harvard University. 

He received the degree of D.D. from Wake Forest 
College in 1870, and that of LL.D. at a later pe- 
riod. . 

Tozer, Rev. Edward, was born in the city of 
Bristol, England, Nov. 7, 1815, and died very sud- 
denly -Jan. 1, 1878, at Fort Ann, Washington Co., 
N. Y. Converted at sixteen, he came to this coun- 
try five years later, and spent four years at Auburn, 
N. Y., in preparatory study for the work of the 
ministry ." He was ordained, in 1840, at Fayette, 
Seneca Co., N. Y., where he labored several years 
as pastor of the Baptist church ; also ministered at 
Geneva and Naples some fourteen years, and spent 
four years as collecting agent for the American 
Bible Union. In the spring of 1865 he settled with 
the Fort Ann Village church, where he continued 
the remainder of his life. During eight years he 
also supplied the church at Kingsbury with an 
afternoon service until 1873. He led this people 
to renovate their house of worship in 1870, and in 
1874 he had the pleasure of seeing a neat and sub- 
stantial brick sanctuary, costing §17,000, dedicated 
to the worship of God as the fruit of the joint 
74 



labors and sacrifices of pastor and people. He was 
a sound and able preacher and a good pastor. He 
died very much lamented by the whole community. 

Tracy, Rev. Leonard, was bom in Tunbridge, 
Vt., in 1802. As preacher and pastor he served six 
or seven good churches in three of the New England 
States, and in the communities in which he labored 
he was respected as a man who honored his pro- 
fession by great purity of life, showing earnestness 
of purpose and conscientious fidelity to every trust. 
He died at East Bethel, Vt., Nov. 21, 1869. 

Train, Arthur Savage, D.D., was born in 
Framingham, Mass., Sept. 1, 1812. He was the 
elder son of Rev. Charles Train, who fitted him 
for Brown University, where he graduated in. the 
class of 1833. He was tutor for two years in his 
own college, pursuing his theological studies during 
this time with Dr. Wayland, receiving also such 
aid in his preparatory work as his father could 
give him. He was ordained as pastor of the First 
Baptist church in Haverhill, Mass., in October, 
1836, and for twenty-three years was the beloved 
minister of a people for whom he lived and labored 
with a zeal and success which are seldom equaled, 
certainly not surpassed. He resigned his pastorate 
to accept an appointment in the Newton Theologi- 
cal Institution as Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and 
Pastoral Duties. Dr. Train brought to his work 
the results of a long experience, and well-defined 
conceptions in his own mind of what was needed 
to make an efficient and useful ministrj'. He re- 
signed his position at Newton in 1866, after having 
held it for seven years. The remainder of his life 
was passed in his native town, oflficiating for the 
church of which his father had for so many years 
been the minister. He was a trustee of Brown 
University from 1845 to his death, which occurred 
Jan. 2, 1872. 

Train, Rev. Charles, was born in Weston, 
Mass., Jan. 7, 1783. At the age of eighteen he 
entered Harvard University, where he graduated 
in 1805, delivering a Hebrew oration on the occa- 
sion. Having decided to enter the ministry, he 
was licensed by the church in Newton. In 1807 
he commenced his labors in Framingham, Mass., 
which was destined to be his home for the re- 
mainder of his life. He was not ordained as the 
pastor of the Baptist church until Jan. 30, 1811. 
For several years he supplied two churches, — that 
of Weston and that of Framingham. For thirteen 
years he confined his labors to the Framingham 
church. He resigned his pastorate in 1839. He 
had seen the little band of disciples grow into a 
vigorous, active church. The Master had richly 
blessed his labors. He was honored as few men 
are in the community in which he had lived for 
so many years, and when he died, Sept. 17, 1849, 
he was borne to the grave amidst the sincere 



TRASK 



1162 



TREMONT 



lamentations of a generation he had served most 
faithfully. 

Mr. Train was for several years a member of the 
Legislature of Massachusetts, both in the lower and 
in the higher branch. " He had the honor of being 
the first to move in the plan of forming a legisla- 
tive library, as well as in the yet more important 
matter of a revision of the laws relating to common 
schools. He had much to do also in obtaining the 
charter of AmherstCollege." He left several pub- 
lished writings in the form of orations and dis- 
courses. 

Trask, Rev. Enos, was born in Jefferson, Me., 
April 22, 1794. He was converted at the age of 
sixteen, but was not baptized till March 10, 1823, 
Kev. William Burbank administering the ordi- 
nance. For most of the thirteen years between 
his conversion and his baptism his spiritual life 
was not very encouraging ; but at that time a 
variety of peculiarly trying experiences added 
weight and force to a conviction he had felt for 
over five years, that it was his duty to enter the 
gospel ministry. At the same time he deeply felt 
his unworthiness for the sacred calling. At last 
an affliction, deep and sad, which he recognized as 
from God for the purpose of impressing him for- 
cibly in reference to his duty, mastered his resist- 
ance. 

He united with the Third Jefferson church, or- 
ganized in 1824, and was immediately chosen 
deacon. At this time his brethren, like himself, 
felt impressed with the thought that God was call- 
ing him into the ministry, and in less than a year 
after the organization of the church, after being 
closely questioned as to his own impressions, he 
was unanimously licensed for the work to which 
he had been called. The First Baptist church, 
"Whitefield (now King's Mills), called a council of 
churches, and he was ordained as an evangelist 
May 23, 1827. 

The First and Second Palermo, Windsor, First 
Vassalborough, China Village, South China, Bruns- 
wick, Sidney, Alna, Damariscotta, with other 
churches, enjoyed his labors as an evangelist pre- 
vious to his call to Nobleborough. He enjoyed 
revivals, and baptized many into all these churches, 
and also baptized in New Brunswick, when there 
as a messenger from the Association to which he 
belonged to the Association there. 

In 1836 he accepted a call to the pastorate ot the 
First Baptist church, Nobleborough, as successor 
to Rev. Phineas Pillsbury, and for thirteen years 
faithfully and successfully labored, baptizing, it is 
said, more than 1000 persons in this locality. 
During his ministry here the church at Damaris- 
cotta Mills was formed, mainly from members of 
the First church. After he had resigned the pas- 
torate, brethren, in a section of the church called 



West Neck, invited him to hold a series of meet- 
ings there, at a time when the church was pastor- 
less. He consented, and with great power did the 
work go on ; many were converted, and for a short 
time he supplied the church. 

Many other places after this were blessed with 
his labors, among them the Second Nobleborough, 
South Thomaston, and one or more of the St. 
George churches. His labors were continuous for 
over fifty years, and in that time he had baptized 
more than 2200 persons. 

He was decided in his convictions. His preach- 
ing was thoroughly evangelical. He was bold and 
fearless, while tender and loving in his presenta- 
tion of the stern doctrines of the inspired volume. 
The terrible denunciations against unrepented sin, 
which our Saviour so often uttered, he never shrank 
from proclaiming. To him all truth in the Word 
of God was real. He died full of peace, Dec. 19, 
1880. 

Travis, Rev. Alexander, one of the most 

widely useful, and one of the most famous of the 
fathers of fifty years ago. His ministry was de- 
voted mainly to the planting and building up of 
churches and Associations in Southern Alabama. 
He was a pioneer for the times, eminently suited 
to the work. He left a most fragrant memory. 

Tremont Temple, Boston, Mass., was pur- 
chased early in 1843 by Timothy Gilbert, S. G. 
Shipley, Thomas Gould, and William S. Danwell 
for $55,000. It had been the Tremont Theatre. 
The deed was executed in June, 1843. The object 
for which the edifice was bought by these gentle- 
men was to secure a place of worship for the Tre- 
mont Street Baptist church, where the seats should 
be free, that there might be free seats for the poor, 
and for strangers coming to the city to seek employ- 
ment, whose means would not allow them to rent 
pews in other churches. 

The purchasers, on their own responsibility, re- 
modeled the interior of the building, and arranged 
the halls, stores, and other rooms in a manner con- 
venient for the purposes designed. They also fui-- 
nished the edifice. These changes required an ad- 
ditional outlay of $24,284. The main audience- 
room of the Temple was 90 by 80 feet, and seated 
2000 persons. 

It was used as a place of worship until March 31, 
1852, when it was destroyed by five. On the 25th 
of May, 1853, the foundations of the present build- 
ing were laid, and on the 25th of December follow- 
ing the church held the first meeting for public 
worship in the main hall. The new building, with 
all its furniture, cost $126,814.26. The Evangeli- 
cal Baptist Benevolent and Missionary Society was 
formed May 11, 1858, and the property was trans- 
ferred to it on Nov. 30, 1858. A lease was exe- 
cuted on June 9, 1859, granting the Tremont Street 




TREMONT TEMPLE, BOSTON, MASS. AUDIENCE ROOM OF THE TREMONT STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. 



TREMONT 



TRIENNIAL 



Baptist church and society the use of the great hall, 
with its organ and furniture, during the daytime 
on Sundays, as a place of public worship, and 
basement rooms '' for vestry and Sabbath-schools," 
on condition that the church should always main- 
tain public worship on the Sabbath with free seats, 
and support a good and efficient pastor. 

On the night of Aug. 14, 1879, the Temple was 
destroyed by fire. The directors, however, took 
iinniediate and effective steps to rebuild it, and 
the denomination now has an edifice worthy to 
stand beside any of the splendid structures that 
adorn the city of Boston, where the Word of life 
is regularly dispensed to listening thousands. 

The objects which the Evangelical Baptist Be- 
nevolent and Missionary Society aims to accom- 
plish are, the maintenance of evangelical preach- 
ing in the Tremont Temple, the employment of 
colporteur and missionary laborers in Boston and 
elsewhere, the furnishing of suitable rooms in the 
Temple for other missionary and benevolent socie- 
ties, and generally to provide for the spiritual wants 
of the destitute. 

The Tremont property is valued at $230,000. It 
brings in a large income for the benevolent objects 
for the promotion of which the society exists. The 
church worshiping in the Temple has a membership 
of 1500, and, under the able ministry of F. M. Ellis, 
D.D., one of the largest congregations in the United 
States. It is known and designated as the head- 
quarters of New England Baptists. The Missionary 
Union, the New England departments of the Home 
Mission Society and the Publication Society, the 
Woman's Baptist Home and Foreign Missionary 
Societies, and tiie Watchman have rooms in the 
Temple. The Baptist Social Union, composed of 
representatives of the churches in Boston and its 
vicinity, holds its meetings in the Temple. It is 
the grand gathering-place of Boston Baptists, and 
the home of New England Baptist institutions. 
The conception of the plan which resulted in the 
Temple enterprise was a m.agnificent efibrt of con- 
secrated genius. Its execution was worthy of the 
capital of New England, and its success deserves 
the devout gratitude of Baptists everywhere. There 
should be a Tremont Temple in every large city in 
the world. Timothy Gilbert, S. G. Shipley, Thomas 
Gould, and William S. Danwell are worthy of the 
affectionate remembrance of the friends of truth 
everywhere. The following are the present officers 
of the Evangelical Baptist Benevolent and Mission- 
ary Society in which is vested the ownership of the 
Temple estate : 

President, James W. Converse ; Secretary, Solo- 
mon Parsons ; Treasurer, Joseph II. Converse ; 
Directors, J. Warren Merrill, J. W. Converse, 
George W. Chipman, Joseph Story, Cyrus Carpen- 
ter, Joseph Sawyer, Lucius B. Marsh, Charles S. 



Kendall, S. S. Cudworth, George S. Dexter, Joseph 
Goodnow, Charles S. Butler, Moses C. Warren. 

Trestrail, Rev. Frederic, many years one of 

the secretaries of the English Baptist Missionary 
Society, was born at Falmouth, England, in 1803. 
and became a member of the Baptist church there 
in his youth. The house of his parents was the re- 
sort of ministers and missionaries visiting the port, 
and a zeal for missionary work was enkindled in 
his heart from very early years. In his twenty- 
sixth year he entered Bristol College, having been 
called by the church to ministerial work some 
years previously. At the end of his course of 
study he supplied the church at Little Wild Street, 
London, for six months. Subsequently he became 
pastor of the church at Clipstone, whence he re- 
moved, after three years' service, to Newport, Isle 
of Wight, where he remained five years. At the 
request of the Baptist Irish Society he labored in 
Ireland four years, and when the secretaryship fell 
vacant he received the appointment. On Dr. 
Angus's retirement from the secretaryship of the 
Foreign Missionary Society, Mr. Trestrail was re- 
quested to take the office in conjunction with E. 
B. Underbill, LL.D. After twenty-one years of 
distinguished service Mr. Trestrail retired, and 
has since sustained the pastoral relation to the 
church at Newport, of which he was pastor nearly 
thirty years ago. He has received significant tokens 
of the high appreciation of his services, among 
which was the present, in 1871, of a check for 
£1350. 

Triennial Convention, the common name of 

the " Baptist General Convention for Missionary 
Purposes." 

Origin. — In 1813 American Baptists, who till 
then had been chiefly confined to home missionary 
work, without any general organization, were 
aroused as to their duty in respect to foreign 
missions as by an electric shock. News arrived 
that Mr. and Mrs. Judson and Mr. Rice, part of 
the first company of missionaries sent out by 
the American board, after leaving this country, 
through the study of God's Word had embraced 
Baptist sentiments, had been baptized at Seram- 
pore, and now appealed for support to their Baptist 
brethren in the United States. A profound senti- 
ment was awakened. A local society was formed 
at Boston immediately, which assumed the support 
of Mr. and Mrs. Judson. Mr. Rice soon returned 
to America. On the 18th of May, 1814, a conven- 
tion of thirty-three delegates " from missionary 
societies (of which many had been formed) and 
other religious bodies" of American Baptists, most 
of them eminent men, assembled at the First 
church in Philadelphia and organized "the Gen- 
eral Missionary Convention of the Baptist denomi- 
nation in the United States of America for Foreign 



TRIENNIAL 



1165 



TRIENNIAL 



Missions." Its constitution provided for triennial 
meetings, for two delesrates from each society or 
other religious body which should contribute an- 
nually $100, and for a board of managers to be 
called the " Baptist Board of Foreign Missions for 
the United States." The board appointed Mr. Rice 
as a missionary agent to raise funds in America, 
and adopted Mr. and Mrs. Judson as its mission- 
aries to Burmah, they having been providentially 
guided to Rangoon, where they had settled. 

History of the Convention. — Triennial meetings 
of the Convention and annual meetings of the 
board were regularly held. The presidents were 
Richard Furnian, Robt. B. Semple, Spencer H. 
Cone, AVin. B. Johnson, and Francis Wayland. 
The corresponding secretaries, who were the chief 
executive officers, were Wni. Staughton, Lucius 
BoUes, Solomon Peck, and Robt. E. Pattison. Dr. 
Peck was secretary for the foreign department 
■when the Convention was merged in the Missionary 
Union. The seat of operations was first at Phila- 
delphia, then at Washington, and after 1826 at 
Boston. 

The name and constitution underwent various 
changes, chiefly as operations were extended be- 
yond, and afterwards restricted to, foreign (includ- 
ing American Indian) missions. The general 
principle as to membership was one delegate for 
each annual contribution of $100 continued for 
three years. Female auxiliaries sent delegates, but 
these were always men. After 1832 the society 
was known as " the Baptist General Convention for 
Foreign Missions." After 1841 the board ap- 
pointed from its own members an "acting board" 
of fifteen persons residing in or near Boston. 

In early times the annual reports gave the sta- 
tistics of the denomination. These, in 1816, were. 
Associations, 126 ; churches, 2541 ; ministers, 1558 ; 
licentiates, 365 : baptized, 4600 ; members, 158,508. 
State Conventions then scarcely existed. 

In its later history the Convention was much 
distracted by the anti-slavery agitation. At length 
the acting board at Boston having declared, in re- 
.sponse to queries of the Alabama Baptist Conven- 
tion, that they would not appoint a slaveholder as 
a missionary, the brethren in the South, claiming 
that this decision infringed their equal rights, with- 
drew and formed the " Southern Baptist Conven- 
tion." Whereupon, in 1846, the Triennial Con- 
vention was merged in a new organization of 
Northern Baptists, known as the American Baptist 
Missionary Union, meeting annually, and based 
solely on $100 life memberships, though this last 
feature has since been modified. The Union took 
up the work of the Convention, except in the case 
of a few missionaries amicably transferred to the 
Southern Convention. 

Foreign Mission Work. — The first mission was 



the Burman, where Mr. and Mrs. Judson began 
their work alone, in danger and discomfort, in the 
midst of a barbarous and pagan nation. The first 
convert, Moung Nau, was baptized at Rangoon 
June 27, 1819, by Dr. Judson. Since then the 
work has spread to the Karens and other tribes, 
and has assumed magnificent proportions. In 1833 
missions were planted in France, now specially 
hopeful, and in Siam, where a good work has been 
done. About 1835 great enthusiasm prevailed, 
and the work was much enlarged. An African 
Mission (in Liberia) had existed ever since 1823, 
though nearly every white missionary perished 
from the climate. In 1835 was begun the mission 
to China, now prosperous, after a long period of 
toil with scanty results. Also the mission in Ger- 
many, where a wide and wonderful vvork has been 
accomplished, spi-eading into Switzerland, Den- 
mark, Sweden, Russia, and other countries. In 
1836 was founded the Teloogoo Mission, so long a 
" forlorn hope," in which recently there have been 
such unparalleled displays of divine power. Also 
the mission in Assam, still prosecuted with much 
encouragement. In 1837 a mission was begun in 
Hayti, not long continued. Also in Greece, where 
no large results have been realized. Great pecu- 
niary embarrassments followed this rapid enlarge- 
ment, and a heavy debt long impeded the work. 
The foreign missions of American Baptists have 
been richly blessed, far beyond those of any other 
denomination or society. The most fruitful fields 
have been in Burmah, chiefly among the Karens, 
in Germany, in Sweden, and recently among the 
Teloogoos. 

Persecution has often been experienced. Dr. 
Judson and his wife endured terrible sufferings at 
the hands of the Burman government. Our breth- 
ren in Germany, Sweden, Denmark, France, and 
Russia suffered long from arbitrary laws, fines, and 
imprisonments. But the results have been the fur- 
therance of the truth and a wonderful advance as 
to religious liberty. 

Indian Missions were projected as early as 1817, 
and have been carried on with great success, espe- 
cially among the Cherokees, Creeks, and Choctaws. 
At the present time these missions (except in cases 
where they have been abandoned or have become 
unnecessary) are cared for by the American Bap- 
tist Home Mission Society or by the Southern 
Baptist Convention. 

Home Missions were included in the sphere of 
the Convention in 1817, but were never extensively 
prosecuted, and were discontinued in 1826. In 
1832 was formed the American Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society for that work. 

Education. — The establishment of a collegiate 
and theological institution, in furtherance of 
ministerial education, was undertaken in 1817. 



TRIENNIAL 



TEINE 



This soon resulted in founding what is now known 
as the Columbian University, at AVashington, with 
a theological department. Mr. Rice was a general 
agent. After 1826 the Convention had no other care 
and control of the college than to select triennialiy 
fifty persons from among whom the trustees of the 
institution were elected. At the formation of the 
American Baptist Missionary Union this connection 
wholly ceased. 

Bible Tvanslation. — Baptists have always been 
foremost in the translation and circulation of the 
Scriptures. Dr. Judson at the earliest possible time 
began to translate, and to this work consecrated 
his splendid abilities with untiring devotion. Oct. 
24, 1840, he completed the second and final revision 
of the Burmese Bible, a version declared by com- 
petent judges to be almost unequaled. The mis- 
sionaries of the Convention and of the American 
Baptist Missionary Union have translated tlie Bible, 
in whole or in part, into the various Karen and 
other dialects used in Burmah, into Teloogoo, Si- 
amese, Chinese, Japanese, and Assamese and other 
dialects used in Assam ; also into various Indian 
languages in North America. These versions have 
been freely circulated. Scripture distribution has 
been extensively carried on in Europe, especially 
in Germany. This is still vigorously pursued by 
the American Baptist Missionary Union. 

This Bible work, and especially the Burmese 
version of Dr. Judson, was the occasion of making 
the Convention the foremost asserter of the princi- 
ple of absolute fidelity in translating the Word 
of God. The British and Foreign Bible Society 
having refused to aid in printing the English Bap- 
tist versions in India unless the words relating to 
baptism were transferred or translated in a manner 
acceptable to all denominations, the American Bap- 
tist Board at Salem in 1833 declared that its mis- 
sionaries must ti-anslate the whole Bible faithfully 
and intelligibly, transferring no words capable of 
translation. In 1836 the board of the American 
Bible Society, following the example of the British 
and Foreign Bible Society, and with like unfaith- 
fulness to the truth and injustice to its Baptist 
members and contributors, declared that it would 
aid only such versions as wei-e conformed in their 
principles of translation to King James's version, 
at least so far as that they could be used by all de- 
nominations. They sent a check for $5000 to aid 
in printing Dr. Judson' s version, under this re- 
striction. The Baptist board returned the check. 
The Convention reaffirmed the resolutions of 1833, 
and called on the denomination for means to carry 
on a faithful Bible work, which were amply fur- 
nished, largely at first through the American and 
Foreign Bible Society, and later, also, through the 
American Bible Union. English Baptists, who 
had refused to mutilate their versions, soon after 



formed the "Bible Translation Society." In 1879 
the American Baptist Missionary Union unani- 
mously and solemnly reaffirmed the position taken 
by the Convention, and in 1880 the American Bap- 
tist Publication Society declared for a " pure trans- 
lation of the Word of God."' Thus the denomina- 
tion has the high honor of being the champion, 
at home and abroad, of the great principle of faith- 
ful translation, and of steadfastly resisting the 
monstrous demand that the AVord of God shall be 
translated to suit human opinions and convenience. 

Funds. — Contributions received in 1814, §1239.- 
29; in 1816, $12,236.84; 1820, $12,296.21. After 
that, for nine years, there was a falling ofi' in the 
annual receipts ranging from $3615.27. the lowest, 
to $10,639, the highest. In 1830, $21,622. After 
that there were fluctuations, but on an average view 
steady growth, till in 1846 the sum reported was 
$100,150.02. Total contributions to the Conven- 
tion for thirty-three years, $874,027.92. 

Missionaries. — The whole number of missiona- 
ries and assistants (including, besides ordained 
ministers, printers, wives of missionaries, and 
other female assistants) appointed from 1814 to 
1846 was (according to the best information attain- 
able) 257 to foreign fields, including the Indians, 
and 16 to domestic. A few, not more than 12, did 
not enter on the service. This does not embrace 
the great number of native preachers and assistants 
raised up on the field. Among these missionaries 
are many names that will never die, as Judson, 
Wade, Mason, Boardman, Kincaid, Brown, Jones, 
Goddard, Oncken, AVillard, McCoy, and many 
others. ' 

Conclusion. — The Baptist General Convention 
has a record of missionary fidelity, self-sacrifice, 
and achievement for which American Baptists may 
well thank God. In 1 845 its missions were 17, with 
109 missionaries and assistant missionaries, of 
whom 42 were preachers; native preachers and as- 
sistants, 123 ; churches, 79 ; baptisms in one year, 
2593; church members, over 5000,* though the num- 
ber baptized from the beginning must have been 
something like double that ; schools, 56 ; scholars, 
about 1350. This is small when compared with 
the present aggregate statistics of the American 
Baptist Missionary Union and Southern Conven- 
tion, but great in itself and in its promise. The Tri- 
ennial Convention through years of experiment 
and Aiith, of toil and trial, laid the foundations of 
the foreign mission work, on which its successors 
are now so prosperously building. (See articles 
on the Missionary Union, and on various mission 
fields, and also on the Southern Baptist Conven- 
tion.) 

Trine Immersion was the baptismal usage of 



* Probably over laoO just baptized among the Ka 
Kyan were not yet reported as churcli- members. 



1 by Myat 



TRINE 



TRINITY 



Christendom from the end of the second to the 
close of the twelfth century, except among some 
orthodox Spaniards, who dipped but once, and for 
their singularity had to enlist the influence of 
Pope Gregory the Great to protect them from 
being regarded as religious outlaws ; the suc- 
cessors of these men, in the days of Charlemagne, 
were constrained to accept chastisement from the 
celebrated Alcuin for their departure from the gen- 
eral custom. In England trine immersion was the 
usage down to the Reformation. Prince Arthur, 
the brother of Henry VIII., and Margaret, queen 
of Scotland, his sister, and his children, Edward VI. 
and Queen Elizabeth, were baptized in this way. 
Trine immersion is universal in Russia now, and 
throughout the Greek and all the churches of the 
East. Before the end of the second century no 
Christian writer mentions it. Tertullian is the 
first author who names it. 

If the Scriptures had been read after the third 
century as they were before it, and if baptism had 
been translated as it had been previously instead 
of being transferred, trine immersion could not 
have been perpetuated. It is one thing for an 
error to creep into the churches, but with a faith- 
ful Bible, widely read and reverenced, errors must 
perish. Jerome, in his Vulgate, transfei-s bap- 
tism, in Eph. iv. 5, "One Lord, one faith, and 
one baptism.''^ If Jerome had been a faithful 
reviser, and had rendered baptism immersion, how 
difiBcult it would have been all over Western 
Europe, where his Bible was read, to see the 
words, "One Lord, one faith, and one immersion,'' 
and at the same time to practise trine immersion ! 
Jerome saw the difficulty even with the Greek 
word baptisma in Roman letters in his Latin text ; 
and in the Commentary which he added to his re- 
vised New Testament he gives explanations about 
the reason why, as he says, "we are immersed 
three times" (ter mergimur). 

It would appear as if " baptize" was transferred 
into the Latin Vulgate to hide the meaning of the 
word._ The ordinance had been enlarged by two 
extra dippings, and increased in other foolish 
ways, but the Greek word baptism covers every- 
thing to the masses of readers of the Vulgate. 

Tertullian quotes from a Latin New Testament, 
two hundred years older than Jerome's, and his 
quotations from it, in his treatise " De Baptismo," 
always translate the verb " baptize." In the com- 
mission. Matt, xxviii., it reads, "Go, teach all 
nations, immersing them," etc. (tinguentes). Here 
Jerome has "baptizing them." In Matt. iii. 6, 
Tertullian quotes, "They were immersed (tingue- 
bantur), confessing their sins," cap. 13, 20; Je- 
rome again transfers "baptized." The New Tes- 
tament quoted by Tertullian translates the word, 
and in all probability it was one oP the versions 



the revision of which we have in the Vulgate edi- 
tion. Jerome's translation of the Old Testament 
is more faithful than his revision of the New. 

If Jerome had not transferred the baptismal 
words, and Christians had continued Bible-read- 
ing, trine immersion could not have been perma- 
nently sustained among Bible-loving Christians. 
There is absolutely nothing in the Scriptures to 
support it, and its historical chain of evidence lias 
no links uniting it to the apostles or their times. 

Trinity, The, — The London Baptist Confession 
of Faith of 1646, in Articles I. and II., says, " The 
Lord our God is but one God, whose subsistence is 
in himself, whose essence cannot be comprehended 
by any but himself; who only hath immortality, 
dwelling in the light, which no man can approach 
unto ; who is in himself most holy, every way in- 
finite in greatness, wisdom power, love ; merciful 
and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in good- 
ness and truth, who giveth being, moving, and 
preservation to all creatures. 

" In this divine and infinite being there is the 
Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit, each having 
the whole divine essence, yet the essence undivided ; 
all infinite without any beginning, therefore but 
one God, who is not to be divided in nature and 
being, but distinguished by several peculiar rela- 
tive properties." In these terms our fathers de- 
scribed the great Jehovah, — one God in three per- 
sons. 

The Trinity rests upon the divinity of the Father, 
Son, and Spirit. The Deity of the Father admits 
of no discussion. We shall briefly present the 
reasons which infallibly show that the Son is God, 
and that the Spirit is Jehovah. 

The Son of God had the Almighty for the father 
of his human nature, and the word " son" always 
has reference to the humanity of Christ, either by 
anticipation or as representing an actual occur- 
rence: "The angel answered and said unto her 
(Mary), 'The Holy Spirit shall come upon thee, 
and the power of the Highest shall overshadow 
thee ; therefore also that holy thing which shall be 
born of thee shall be called the Son of God.' " — 
Luke i. 35. When the Saviour says,' "My Father 
is greater than I," John xiv. 28, the use of the 
word " father" shows that it is his human nature 
that is compared to the divinity of the Father, and 
in that sense the Father is greater than the Son. 
He does not say that the Father is greater than 
the AVord, the Scriptural name for the divine na- 
ture of Jesus. When he compares his divinity and 
the Father's, he says, " I and my Father are one." 
— John X. 30. "Philip saith unto him, 'Lord, 
show us the Father, and it sufficeth us.' Jesus 
saith unto him, ' Have I been so long time with 
you, and yet hast thou not known me, Philip?' 
He that hath seen me hath seen the Father, and 



TRINITY 



TRINITY 



how sayest thou then, 'Show us the Father?'" 
From this it is evident that the divinity of the Son 
is as like that of the Father as the resemblance 
between two new gold coins struck in the same 
mint, and having the same weight and the same 
stamp, — they are alike but not identical. All ref- 
erences to the subjection of the Son to the Father 
apply exclusively to his human nature. In his 
divinity he is a perfect likeness of the Father, " the 
brightness of his glory, and the express image of 
his person." — Heb. i. 3. The word translated " ex- 
press image" is x^-P^-'^'^W-i '^^^ 't teaches us that 
Christ bears the same '■' stamp' ^ of divinity as his 
Father, that he is his " exact and perfect resem- 
blance or counterpart.'^ John says, " In the begin- 
ning was the Word, and the Word was with God, 
and the Word was God, and the Word was made 
flesh and dwelt among us." — John i. 1, 14. "The 
beginning" was before the birth of the ages and 
the worlds, and the Word existed then : and the 
Word was with God, as an individual member of 
the Trinity, and he was God ; and the Word was 
made flesh in the person of Jesus. Christ, the 
Logos, is solemnly pronounced God by the inspired 
apostle. The word Logos means that Christ is the 
spokesman of the Trinity, the revealer of God, who 
manifested Jehovah in creation, in redemption, 
and in every appearance of the Deity under all 
dispensations. 

Omniscience is ascribed to Christ : " We must all 
appear before the judgment-seat of Christ, that every 
one may receive the things done in his body, accord- 
ing to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad." 
— 2 Cor. V. 10. To discharge the duties of this office 
he must have a perfect knowledge of every human 
heart, and of every event in the lives of all man- 
kind. Little wonder that Peter said, " Lord, thou 
knowest all things, thou knowest that I love thee." 
— John xxi. 17. Everything in the dusty past, in 
the hazy present, in the misty future, in this earth 
and in every other world, is completely exposed 
before him. 

Omnipotence belongs to him. Paul says of 
Christ, " By him were all things created, that are 
in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and in- 
visible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or 
principalities, or powers: all things were created 
by him and for him." — Col. i. 16. We can conceive 
no wider stretch of power than the ability needed 
to create the universe of worlds. And it has no 
equal unless it be the might needed to sustain his 
vast creations, and this is attributed to Christ. 
Paul describes him, " As upholding all things by 
the word of his power." — Heb. i. 3. The word of 
Jesus has sufficient weight to support myriads of 
worlds, and he must be the Almighty. 

He is omnipresent : " Where two or three are 
gathered together in my name, there am I in the 



midst of them."— Matt, xviii. 20. Thus, on the 
Lord's day, he must be in a multitude of places at 
the same time. 

He is unchangeable: "Jesus Christ, the same 
yesterday, to-day, and forever." — Heb. xiii. 5. 
Men are constantly varying in soul and body, God 
changes not. Christ is therefore the Lord God. 

Jesus could not have merits before Jehovah if he 
were only a creature. God claims from each man 
the love and service of his whole being ; if he gives 
it, he only renders to the Lord a just debt. He can- 
not go beyond it. " The blood of Jesus Christ, his 
Son, cleanses us from all sin" (1 John i. 7), and, 
as a consequence, he was above creature relations 
and obligations, and had something to which no 
being had a claim. He was omnipotent, and could 
bear the sin and pains which would have crushed 
the elect in the woes of unending despair ; as God 
he had merits, as a creature he could have none. 
He is " the first and the last," the eternal Jehovah : 
" Being in the form of God, he thought it not rob- 
bery to be equal with God." — Phil. ii. 6. And as 
Paul again says, " AVhose are the fathers, and of 
whom as concerning the flesh Christ came, who is 
over all, God blessed forever." — Rom. ix. 5. Little 
wonder that Thomas exclaimed, as he saw him 
after his resurrection, " My Lord and my God." 
— John XX. 28. The Saviour himself says, " The 
Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all 
judgment unto the Son, that all men should honor 
the Son even as they honor the Father." — John v. 
22, 23. Christ has divine honors. 

The Holy Spirit is Jehovah. " Except," says 
Christ, " a man be born of water and of the Spirit 
he cannot enter into the kingdom of God." — John 
iii. 5. It follows that all who are truly in Christ's 
gospel kingdom are born of the Spirit ; and as the 
new birth is blessing men in myriads of places at 
the same time he must be everywhere present. 
And, besides, it is expi-essly said of those who are 
born again, that they are " born, not of blood, nor 
of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of men, but 
of God.''' — John i. 13. The Spirit, according to 
this statement, is God. 

Peter asks Ananias, " Why hath Satan filled thine 
heart to lie to the Holy Spirit?" And he adds, 
"Thou hast not lied unto men, but unto God." — 
Acts V. 3, 4. According to inspired Peter, lying 
to the Holy Spirit was stating a falsehood to God. 
Peter on another occasion says, "Holy men of God 
spake as they were moved by the Holy Spirit." — 
1 Peter i. 21, And Paul speaking of the writings 
of these very men, asserts that " all Scripture is 
given by inspiration of God." — 2 Tim. iii. 16. It 
follows that he who moved holy men of old to 
write prophecy was God the Spirit. The Spirit, 
who regenerated Paul, and all believers, and who 
carries on the work of grace in many millions of 



TRINITY 



1169 



TRIPP 



earthly hearts at this hour, and who will continue 
it until they reach glory, is God, in all his greatness 
and love. 

The three divine persons are one God. This is 
a great mystery ; but not greater than the mys- 
teries presented by some of the material objects 
around us. We cannot understand the mode by 
which certain agencies produce the wood of a tree, 
and its bark, foliage, blossoms, and fruit ; or the 
way by which human food makes bones, and flesh, 
and skin, and hair, and nails. These are mysteries, 
but we believe them freely, though we do not un- 
derstand the process of development. In one sense 
Father, Son, and Spirit are three persons, and in 
another they are one. " Webster's Dictionary" 
defines the Trinity as the union of three persons 
(the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit) in one 
Godhead, so that all the three are one God as to 
substance, but three persons as to individuality." 
This is in the main the doctrine of the trinity, as 
held by all the great communities of Christendom. 
St. Patrick is represented as illustrating this triple 
union by the shamrock. That kind of wild clover 
has a single stem, and three distinct and equal 
leaves ; it is one at the stem, and three at the 
leaves. A converted Indian is reported to have 
compared this wonderful union of three sacred 
persons to a river in winter, frozen over, with snow 
lying on the ice ; there was the running water, the 
crystal covering, and the snow, the three forms of 
one material element, being distinct from each 
other, and yet united in location and element. But 
this mystery is incapable of illustration. It is, 
however, clearly taught in the Scriptures. 

The divine command to baptize is, " Go ye there- 
fore and teach all nations, baptizing them in the 
name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the 
Holy Spirit." — Matt, xxviii. 19. In this " great 
commission" the Son and Spirit are placed on an 
exact equality with the Father. If he is Jehovah 
so are they. In opposition to all gainsayers, these 
words, till the death-knell of time shall be reached, 
will proclaim the Trinity of persons in the God- 
head. 

In 2 Cor. xiii. 14, we read, " The grace of the 
Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the 
communion of the Holy Ghost be with you all." 
Here the grace of Christ and the communion of 
the Spirit are placed on the same grand level with 
the love of the Father. If the words ran, " The 
love of God, the grace of Moses, and the commu- 
nion of Elijah be with you all," they would out- 
rage the whole Christian family, and proclaim an 
impossible equality of creatures with their Maker. 
The commission and the benediction show beyond 
all doubt the equal divinity of Father, Son, and 
Spirit. We might refer to many other Scripture 
testimonies, but our space is limited. ' 



As the Bible repeatedly utters the sentiment in 
Deut. vi. 4, " Hear, Israel, the Lord our God is 
one Lord," there must be in the Deity a perfect 
oneness ; and as the same infallible authority places 
Father, Son, and Spirit as equals in mdhority in all 
other divine attributes and in saving pvwer, that 
one God must exist in three persons. The writer 
once saw on a mountain-side three magnificent trees 
rising up apparently from one set of roots, and 
close to the roots there was a clear spring of de- 
licious water; the sun was shining warmly and 
brightly, and the prospect was extensive and even 
glorious. The Trinity was suggested by the entire 
scene, and the saving ofiice of each person of it : 
the grace of the Son, the love of the Father, and 
'the communion of the Spirit making a fountain of 
life for the perishing, with healing beams from the 
sun of righteousness, and blessed prospects of the 
heavenly Canaan. 

Tripp, Rev. Henry, from 1831 to his death, in 
1863, had his home in Franklin, Lenawee Co., 
Mich., and his field of ministerial labor in that and 
in adjoining towns. He was a member of the church 
in Bristol, England, under Robert Hall's ministry ; 
became a sailor in the English navy, and afterwards 
in our own ur.der Decatur. He went early as a 
missionary from England to the West Indies, and 
was greatly loved by the negroes as their true friend, 
both there and ever afterwards in this country. He 
was tireless in his preaching labors, usually with 
no compensation but that received from the Master 
alone. His character and labors won the highest 
confidence of all, and he departed at eighty-two 
years of age, rich in the esteem of the good. His 
son, Robert Hall Tripp, has been Professor of Latin 
in the State University of Minnesota. 

Tripp, Rev. John, was born in Dartmouth (now 
Fairhaven), Mass., March 25, 1761. He developed 
when vei-y young an ardent passion for study, but 
the opportunities for gratifying his desire for learn- 
ing were of the most limited character. Where, 
however, there is a will there is generally a way. 
He managed to procure some Greek and Latin 
books, and did*what he could to obtain a knowledge 
of these languages. Then came the wish to l)e use- 
ful in the Christian ministry, and the desire ripened 
into a resolution, and the resolution into action. 
After preaching for a period in different places he 
was ordained in Carver, Mass., in September, 1791. 
Here he remained until the inadequacy of the sup- 
port he received forced him to resign. His next 
settlement was in Hebron, Me., where he com- 
menced his labors on the 3d of July, 1798. Here 
he had a most successful pastorate for forty-five 
years. The Spirit of God was richly poured out on 
his flock from time to time, and it grew in numbers 
and in grace. At the ripe old age of eighty-six 
and a half years he passed on to receive the reward 



TROTMAN 



1170 



TUCKER 



of " a good and faithful servant." His death oc- 
curred Sept. 16, 1847. 

Trotman, Rev. ftuentin H.— The largest Asso- 
ciation in North Carolina is the Chowan, which 
numbers upwards of 10,000 communicants, and 
for thirty years the most popular and influential 
man in this large body was Q. H. Trotman. He 
was born in Perquimans Co., N. C, Jan. 27, 1805. 
At the age of nineteen he married. He was at 
this time, and for several years afterwards, notorious 
for his wickedness, but it was his good fortune to 
have a praying wife, and the desire of her heart 
was accomplished when, in April, 1828, she saw 
him baptized by Rev. Robert T. Daniel. He began 
to preach in 1830, and having been called to the 
pastorate of Sandy Cross church. Gates Co., he 
was ordained by Revs. Jeremiah Ethridge and John 
Howell in 1831. With the exception of one year, 
1833, spent in Raleigh as the pastor of the Baptist 
church there, he remained the pastor of the Sandy 
Cross church till just before his death. He lost 
his sight in 1859, but continued to preach, a friend 
reading for him. His wife died in February, 1862, 
and he quickly followed her, dying in the triumphs 
of faith on the 9th of May of the same year. 

Mr. Trotman was a strong Baptist, and fond of 
controversy. So important a place did he believe 
baptism to occupy in the gospel system that he 
once told the writer that if he should remember, 
after death, that he had ever preached a sermon 
without mentioning baptism he would turn over in 
his grave. He was a natural orator of great power, 
a bold, fearless, generous, noble man, a born ruler 
of assemblies, a king among men, and he did more 
to extend Baptist principles in the State than any 
man of his day. 

True, Rev. Benjamin Osgood, son of Reuben 

and Hannah (Duncan) True, was born in Plain- 
field, N. H., Dec. 21, 1845 ; fitted for college at 
Kimball Union Academy, N. H. ; graduated from 
Dartmouth College in 1866, and from Rochester 
Theological Seminary in 1870; pastor at Baldwins- 
ville, N. Y., 1870-73 ; pastor at Meriden, Conn., 
from 1873-79 ; traveled eight months in Europe in 
1872, and one year in Europe and the East in 
1879-80; settled with Central Baptist church in 
Providence, R. I., Sept. 1, 1880 ; an able and suc- 
cessful pastor. 

Trustees are not officers of a church required 
by the New Testament, but by the state. Nor are 
they peculiar to churches ; they must be appointed 
by all benevolent, incorporated societies, owning 
property. They have no authority over the mem- 
bership of the church in any of their religious acts 
or privileges ; they simply represent the church in 
managing its property. Neither have they any 
control over the minister in electing him, dismiss- 
ing him, or interfering with his use of the church 



edifice for any of the regular religious services of 
his people, or for any of the proper and customary 
functions of his office. But in all other matters 
they represent the owners of the church property, 
and control it in accordance with the authority 
conferred upon them by law. 

As their duties are purely financial, the congre- 
gation, as well as the church, is often represented 
in the board of trustees, and frequently this repre- 
sentation is demanded by the charter. This feature 
in the composition of boards of trustees M'orks well 
where it has been tried ; of course the majority of 
every such body will belong to the church. 

Tryon, Rev. William Melton, eldest son of 
William and Jane (Philips) Tryon, was born in 
the city of New York on the 10th of March, 1809 ; 
was converted in his seventeenth year, and bap- 
tized by Rev. Chas. G. Sommers, D.D. ; united with 
the church at Augusta, Ga., Dec. 30, 1832; was 
licensed ; pursued studies for the ministry three 
years at Mercer Institute (now University) ; served 
for some time the churches at Washington, Lump- 
kin, and Columbus. In 1837 accepted the call to 
the pastoral care of Eufaula church ; great success 
attended his labors. At the close of 1839 he ac- 
cepted a call from the church at Wetumpka, Ala. ; 
served one year. In 1841 he removed to Texas 
under the patronage of the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society, and settled in Washing- 
ton County ; served Independence, Providence, 
Burleson Co., and Providence, Washington Co., 
churches. In 1846 he removed to Houston, where 
he built up a large and prosperous church. For 
some time previous to his death he had a strong pre- 
sentiment that he had not much longer time to live. 
When the yellow fever appeared in Houston, in 
1847, he remained at his post discharging his duty 
until prostrated himself by the fever. After an 
illness of ten days, he died Nov. 16, 1847, in the 
thirty-ninth year of his age. Judge Baylor said 
of him, "He had a rai-e combination of excel- 
lences." "With him originated the project of es- 
tablishing a Baptist university in Texas. He first 
suggested the idea, and I immediately fell in with it. 
Very soon after we sent a memorial to the Congress 
of the republic. As I was most familiar with such 
things, I dictated the memorial, and he wrote it." 

Tucker, Rev. George, a prominent minister in 
Louisiana, was born in Tennessee, Dec. 12, 1806; 
has held many prominent pastorates, as Columbus, 
Miss., Jackson, Tenn., Marshall and Houston, 
Texas, and First Baptist church, Shreveport, La. ; 
has presided over the Baptist Conventions of Mis- 
sissippi and Louisiana; was a major in the Con- 
federate army, and also postmaster at Shreveport, 
La. During his ministry he has baptized 1400 
persons. He still does efi'ective service as an 
evangelist. 



1171 



TUCKER 



Tucker, Henry Holcombe, D.D., LL.D., editor 
of the Christian Index, and perhaps the most bril- 
liant Baptist Georgia has produced, was born in 
Warren County, May 10, 1819. His father was the 
son of a wealthy planter, and was a man of culture 
and elegant address. His mother was a daughter 
of Rev. Henry Holcombe, D.D. Both families came 




HENRY HOLCOMBE TUCKER, D.D., LL.D. 

from Virginia, where the former, especially, is well 
known and distinguished. When a mere child, 
young Tucker was taken to Philadelphia, where, 
with occasional interruptions, he remained until 
he wa^ eighteen or nineteen years old. 

He received his preparatory education at the aca- 
demic department of the University of Pennsylvania. 
Having gone through a marvelous amount of most 
exacting drill in Latin and Greek, he entered the 
university as Freshman in 1834, and remained until 
Senior half advanced, when he entered the Senior 
class of Columbian College, Washington, D. C, 
where he was graduated A.B. in 1838. Years 
passed by, and in 1846 he was admitted to the bar 
in Forsyth, Monroe Co., Ga. He practised his 
profession until 1848, when he abandoned it to 
enter the Christian ministry. Selling his law 
books, he repaired to Mercer University to receive 
private instruction from its venerable president, 
Dr. Dagg. His desire was to enter fully and at 
once into the work of the Christian ministry, but 
strong pressure was brought to bear upon him, and 
he was induced reluctantly to give up his plans and 
become an educator. He taught young ladies for 
two or three years in the Southern Female College, 



La Grange, Ga., and afterwards, for a short time, 
in the Richmond Female Institute, Richmond, Va. 
In 1856 he was elected Professor of Belles-Lettres 
and Metaphysics in Mercer University, which po- 
sition he held until 1862, when the institution was, 
in a measure, broken up by the war. In 1866 he 
was unanimously elected president of Mercer Uni- 
versity, and it was during his administration that 
the university was removed from Penfield to Macon. 
He has the credit of being one of the chief promo- 
ters of that change. Resigning the presidency of 
Mercer University in 1871, he went to Europe, 
taking his family with him, and was absent over 
a year. While there he assisted in the formation 
of the Baptist church in Rome, and baptized a man 
in the Tiber, probably the first time such an act was 
performed there since the days of the early Chris- 
tians. While in Paris he ofiBciated during a large 
part of one winter in the American chapel. In 
1874 he was elected chancellor of the University 
of Georgia, a position which he filled four years. 
He is now the editor-in-chief of the Christian 
Index, Atlanta, Ga., in the zenith of his powers, 
and wielding a pen of unusual brilliancy. 

Dr. Tucker was a regular pastor but once only, in 
1854, at Alexandria, Va. Failing health compelled 
his resignation in less than a year, but he has never 
ceased to preach, and in many of the cities and 
towns on the Atlantic coast, from Maine to Geor- 
gia, he has proclaimed the truths of the gospel. 
His sermons always attract and delight large 
throngs by their originality, great vigor of thought 
and expression, and intense earnestness. A re- 
markable sermon of his on "Baptism," preached 
at Saratoga in 1879, was published by the American 
Baptist Publication Society, and commanded very 
general attention because of its originality. About 
1855 he published a series of letters on " Religious 
Liberty," addressed to the Hon. Alexander H. 
Stephens, which were widely copied all over the 
United States. He has also published a number 
of sermons and addresses, one of the best of which 
is "The Right and the Wrong Way of raising 
Money for Religious and Benevolent Purposes." 
In 1868, J. B. Lippincott & Co. published for him 
a small volume entitled "The Gospel in Enoch," 
which excited much attention by its originality. 
Dr. Tucker's style of writing is polished and schol- 
arly, racy, manly, pungent, and strongly Saxon, 
and, like his thoughts, logical and lucid. It never 
wearies, but always enchains and sparkles. His 
manner of speaking is bold, candid, and fearless. 
He is a logician by nature as well as by culture. 
His tone of mind is decidedly practical. He op- 
posed secession, and debated the issue publicly ; 
but when the war commenced he took sides with 
his own people, and, from first to last, co-operated 
heartily with the Confederates. One of the first to 



TUCKER 



1172 



TUCKERS 



foresee the salt famine, he earnestly advocated the 
manufacture of salt, and soon became the president 
of a large salt manufacturing company. When 
smallpox prevailed in the country, he provided 
himself with pure vaccine virus and a lancet, and 
vaccinated all, old and young, black and white, 
whom he found willing to submit to the opera- 
tion. He was the author and founder of the 
"Georgia Relief and Hospital Association," an 
institution which corresponded largely with the 
Northern Christian Commission, and which car- 
ried aid and comfort to tens of thousands of sick 
and wounded and dying Confederate soldiers. 
The institution was very popular with the South- 
ern people, and enormous contributions to its sup- 
port were made. 

He was baptized, in 1834, in the river Dela- 
ware, by the elder Brantly, and was ordained at 
La Grange, Ga., in 1851. The degree of D.D. was 
conferred on him by the Columbian College, Wash- 
ington City, in 1860, and the degree of LL.D. was 
conferred on him by Mercer University in 1876. 

A most entertaining companion, he is a pro- 
found theologian, a well-informed man on all sub- 
jects, with a highly-cultured intellect. 

Tucker, Rev. J. H., president of Keachi Female 
College, La., was born in Alabama in 1829 ; was 
educated at Union University, Tenn. ; for several 
years engaged in teaching ; in 1855 was Professor 
of Mathematics in Mount Lebanon University, La. ; 
in 1856 pastor of First Baptist church, Shreveport, 
La. ; elected president of Keachi Female College 
in 1858, a position which he held until the war. 
He resumed the position in 1871. While teaching 
he has preached regularly to churches in the sur- 
rounding country. He has served three years as 
president of Louisiana Baptist Convention, and 
six years as moderator of Grand Cane Association. 
He is a man of fine executive abilities, a clear 
head, sound judgment, and a kind heart. 

Tucker, Rev. J. J., was born in Halifax, Vt., 
Oct. 6, 1827, and was baptized in 1835. He was 
for some time engaged in teaching and preaching, 
while he was fitting for college. He graduated at 
Williams College in the class of 1854. He studied 
for a while at Newton, and completed his theologi- 
cal education at Rochester, where he graduated in 
1860. He was ordained pastor of the Pleasant 
Street church in Worcester, Mass., Aug. 30, 1860, 
where he remained a little more than a year. He 
became pastor of the church in South Dedham, 
Mass., in the fall of 1862, where he secured a 
strong hold upon the affections of his church. His 
health failing, his people gave him leave of ab- 
sence, and he tried the effect of the climate of Min- 
nesota, hoping that it might arrest the progress of 
the pulmonary disease from which he was suffer- 
ing. The experiment proved a failure, and on his 



return home he was so prostrated that he was 
obliged to stop at Chicago, where he died Jan. 13, 
1864. 

Tucker, Rev. W. H., at present engaged as a 
missionary in New Orleans, was born in 1840. 
While a soldier in Virginia he was baptized by 
Dr. Burrows, in Richmond, in 1864, and began to 
preach at his home at Pontchoutula, La., in 1865 ; 
pastor at Magnolia, Miss., in 1868 ; subsequently 
pastor at Crawfordsville, Bethesda, and Sharon 
churches, in Columbus (Miss.) Association; edited 
the Orphans^ Friend and preached at Orphan 
Asylum at Laudei-dale, Miss. ; pastor at Sardis 
and Batesville ; after the death of the lamented 
Dr. Wilson, he supplied the Coliseum Place church, 
New Orleans, for some time, and is at present 
laboring in the city under appointment of the 
board of the Mississippi Baptist Convention. 

Tuckers, The Five Brothers. — Elisha was born 

in Rensselaerville, Albany Co., N. Y., Dec. 24, 
1794; when twelve years old he was baptized. He 
was ordained pastor of the church at Coventry, 
Chenango Co., Aug. 19, 1818 ; in August, 1822, he 
took charge of the church in Fredonia. In this as 
in the first field he labored successfully until the 
outbreak of that violent epidemic known as the 
anti-Masonic agitation in 1826. Mr. Tucker was 
a Mason, and he was a brave man, who would not- 
permit even Baptists to restrain his freedom. He 
had to defend himself before a council, which ac- 
quitted him, and in a community which was pre- 
judiced against an institution which he showed to 
be purely fraternal, and he survived the excitement 
and unkind feeling, and his reputation outlived that 
of the Masonic wrecks around who yielded to the 
tempest. In September, 1831, he became pastor 
of the First Baptist church of BuS'alo, and in Sep- 
tember, 1836, he entered upon the pastorate of the 
Second church of Rochester, and in 1841 he took 
charge of the Oliver Street church, N. Y. In 1848 
he removed to Chicago; that year Madison Uni- 
versity conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of 
Divinity. In the spring of 1851 he was compelled 
to suspend regular labor, though his church would 
not permit him to resign. He died Dec. 29, 1853. 
Dr. Tucker was an able, independent, courteous, 
devout, and successful minister of Jesus. His 
l)rother Levi was born in Broome, Schoharie Co., 
N. Y., July 6, 1804. He was converted in his six- 
teenth year. He graduated in Hamilton in 1829, 
and soon after he left college he was ordained at 
Deposit, N. Y. In the two years of his first pas- 
torate he baptized 174 persons. In 1831 he ac- 
cepted the call of the Blockley church. West Phil- 
adelphia, Pa., where he labored five years. From 
West Philadelphia he removed to Cleveland, 0., 
and bestowed seven years of service upon the church 
in that city ; his next field was BuSalo, to which 



TUGGLE 



1173 



TUPPEE 



he gave six years. In December, 1848, he took 
charge of the Bowdoin Place church, Boston, with 
which he continued till 1852, when, unable to work 
for the Master, he resigned. He visited Europe for 
health, and on his return his disease gained the 
mastery over him, and he passed away Aug. 20, 
1853. In every pastorate he was successful. 
During his ministry he baptized 784, and he re- 
ceived into his churches 502 otherwise. Charles 
was born in Broome, Schoharie Co., N. Y., in April, 
1809. lie was converted in his nineteenth year; 
after a brief union with the Presbyterian Church 
he adopted Scriptural teachings about baptism, and 
was immersed into the fellowship of the church of 
Deposit. He was educated at Hamilton, N. Y., 
and Haddington, Pa. ; in 1837 he was ordained to 
the pastorate of the church of Milesburg, Pa. ; two 
and a half years later he took charge of the church 
at -Jersey Shore ; after six years' labor he was 
called to the Tabernacle church, Philadelphia, and 
in it he toiled for the Master until he was called 
home, in September, 1850. 

Anson Tucker, another of the five bi'others who 
were preachers, was an eloquent and useful minis- 
ter. He was born at Broome, Schoharie Co., N. Y., 
June 8, 1811. His father, Charles Tucker, who lived 
tt be eighty-four years of age, was himself in his 
later life a licensed preachei-. At the time of his 
conversion, Anson Tucker was a teacher in Phila- 
delphia, and attended upon the ministry of his 
brother. Rev. Levi Tucker. He studied for the 
ministry at Haddington College, and was ordained 
in 1835. His pastorates were at Sardinia and Lock- 
port, N. Y., Norwalk, 0., Adrian, Mich., Lafayette, 
Ind., and Dixon and Monmouth, 111. He died at 
the last-named place April 23, 1858, aged forty- 
seven. His health had long been feeble, yet only 
three days previous to his death he administered 
the ordinance of baptism. 

Silas Tucker, D.D., was born May 16, 1813. He 
was baptized in Philadelphia by his brother. Rev. 
Levi Tucker, pastor of the Blockley church, Dec. 
22, 1833,~ and in the following year was licensed to 
preach by the same church. After studying one 
year with his brother he entered the Hamilton 
Literary and Theological Seminary, and studied 
there in the regular course until 1837. He then 
accepted a call to the pastorate of the church in 
Ohio City, now a part of Cleveland. From that 
time, during a period of thirty-five years, he was 
a diligent and successful minister and pastor, his 
death occurring at Aurora, 111., Nov. 7, 1872. 
Among the churches which he served were Ohio 
City and Elyria, 0., Laporte and Logansport, Ind., 
Racine, Wis., Naperville, Galesburg, and Aurora, 
111. 

Tuggle, Hon. W. 0., a lawyer of La Grange, 
Ga., a man of distinction in both Church and State. 



He was born in Henry Co., Ga., Sept. 25, 1841, 
and settled in La Grange, Troup Co., in 1852. He 
is a polished and well-educated gentleman. He left 
college to join the army in 1861, and served until 
the close of the war. For two years he served 
under Capt. John Morgan, and was with him in 
his great raids in Kentucky and Ohio, being cap- 
tured twice, and escaping both times after one 
month's imprisonment, — the first time at St. Louis, 
Mo., and the second time at Indianapolis, Ind. In 
public life, he was a Presidential elector in 1876. 
He was a member of the State constitutional con- 
vention in 1877, and a delegate to the national 
convention in 1876 and in 1880, and was elected to 
the Georgia senate in 1868. As agent for Georgia 
he collected, in 1879, from the general government, 
a forgotten claim of $72,000 ; and he is at present 
the ofiicial agent and attorney of the Creek Nation 
in the Indian Territory. 

He professed conversion and was baptized at the 
age of fifteen, joining the church at Rome in 1856. 
He has been a Sunday-school superintendent for 
sixteen years ; for three years he was the secretary 
of the Southern Baptist Convention ; and he is a 
member of the board of trustees for Mercer Uni- 
versity. 

Mr. Tuggle is just forty, and in the prime of 
life ; he has a fine intellect and extensive literary 
acquirements. 

Tunkers, that is. Dippers. — See German Bap- 
tists. 

Tupper, Charles, D.D., the father of Sir Chas. 
Tupper, Minister of Public Works, Canada, was 
born in Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, Aug. 6, 1794 ; 
converted Feb. 17, 1815: baptized by Rev. Ed- 
ward Manning, May 14, 1815 ; commenced preach- 
ing March 24, 1816; ordained at Cornwallis, July 
17, 1817 ; was successively pastor at Amherst, 
Nova Scotia, St. John, New Brunswick, and Tryon 
and Bedeque, Prince Edward Island, and Ayles- 
ford and Upper Wilmot, till 1870, fifty-three years 
in all ; in his useful ministerial and missionary 
work he traveled 175,206 miles, preached 8147 ser- 
mons, and baptized 565 persons ; has taught him- 
self to read the Scriptures in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, 
Syriac, French, German, etc. ; was editor of the 
Baptist Magazine, and secretary to the Foreign 
Missionary Board ; published " Vindication of 
Baptist Principles," and he has written volumi- 
nously for the religious press. Dr. Tupper pos- 
sesses the highest character for fidelity, piety, and 
prudence ; he is now in the eighty-seventh year of 
his age. 

Tupper, Henry Allen, D.D., was born in 

Charleston, S. C, Feb. 29, 1828. His early edu- 
cation was directed by Dr. Dyer Ball, for many 
years a missionary in the East, with whose daugh- 
ters, afterwards Mrs. French and Mrs. Hopper, 



TUPPER 



1174 



TUPPER 



distinguished scholars in the Chinese langunge, he 
had the pleasure of pursuing his studies. He was 
baptized by Dr. R. Fuller in 1846 ; pursued his 
studies for a while in Charleston College, and then 
entered Madison University, from which he grad- 
uated in 1848, and from the theological seminary 
in 1850. All Dr. Tapper's previous 'training and 
associations led him to desire to labor in the foreign 
missionary field, but providential circumstances 




HENRY ALLEN TUPPER, D.D. 

seemed to prevent its fulfillment. For three years 
he was pastor of the Baptist church in Graniteville, 
S. C, and he removed thence to assume the pas- 
torate of the church in Washington, Ga., where he 
was eminently successful in his labors. Repeated 
oifers of professorships, secretaryships, and other 
pastorates failed to remove him from this field of 
labor, where he remained for nearly twenty years. 
Dr. Tupper at one time proposed to become head 
of a Christian colony to Japan, but the plan prov- 
ing unsuccessful, he supported, at his own expense, 
a missionary among our own Indians, and also one 
in Africa, while at the same time he devoted much 
of his time to the spiritual welfare of the colored 
population in his own neighborhood. For many 
years he preached every Sunday afternoon exclu- 
sively to the children, and published many sermons 
for them. During the war he served as chaplain of 
the 9th Georgia Regiment of the Confederate army. 
On the death of Dr. J. B. Taylor, who had been 
the corresponding secretary of the Foreign Mis- 
sionary Board of the Southern Baptist Convention 
from its origin, Dr. Tupper was invited to become 



his successor, and, being peculiarly fitted for that 
responsible position, he accepted it. He entered 
upon his duties in 1872, and his labors have been 
abundantly blessed. A new interest in missions 
has been quickened, and the contributions enlarged. 
Dr. Tupper has been an ardent friend of educa- 
tion. He was a trustee of Mercer University, 
Ga., and of the Baptist Theological Seminary, 
Greenville, S. C. He is now a trustee of Richmond 
College, and also of those two excellent institutions 
for young ladies, Hollins Institute and Richmond 
Institute. He has contributed also to the literature 
of the denomination, having published sundry ser- 
mons delivered before education societies, " The 
First Century of the First Baptist Church of Rich- 
mond, Va.," and, at the request of the Southern 
Baptist Convention, a work entitled "Foreign Mis- 
sions of the Southern Baptist Convention." In 
1852 Madison University conferred on him the de- 
gree of A.M. in course, and in 1870 the honorary 
degree of D.D. In 1855 he visited Europe. Dr. 
Tupper's wife is a sister of Rev. Dr. Boyce, of the 
seminary at Louisville, and it may interest his 
friends to know that the English poet Tupper is a 
relative of his. One who knew him well has said, 
"Dr. Tupper is essentially a missionary man, 
whom circumstances alone prevented from going to 
the missionary field. Personally, he is one of the 
most liberal of men, and before the war, when 
quite wealthy, he contributed thousands annually 
to the missionary cause." 

Tupper, James, Esq., was born in Charleston, 
S. C, Dec. 9, 1819, and died at Summerville, about 
twenty miles from Charleston, Aug. 28, 1868. He 
united with the First Baptist church when about 
sixteen, and was licensed to preach a few years 
later, but never was ordained, preferring to be a 
lay preacher and deacon. 

At about twenty-one he was admitted to practise 
law. He was soon after elected to the Legislature, 
and was chosen by that body a master in equity. 
He held this ofiice with great honor to himself and 
advantage to the public to the time of his death. 
For several years he also held the important post 
of State auditor. No public ofiicer ever gave more 
uniform satisfaction. 

Had you seen him in the court-room you would 
have thought his head and heart were wholly de- 
voted to the law. Had you heard him addressing 
his brethren in the prayer-meeting, from which he 
was never absent, or the children in the Sunday- 
school, of which he was the superintendent, you 
would have known that he had "determined to 
know nothing save Jesus Christ and him cruci- 
fied." His evangelical and cheerful spirit spread 
as if by contagion and pervaded all present, 
whether in a social circle or in a large assembly. 
One of his noblest characteristics was his deep 



V^ 






\ 



TUliNBVLL 



TURNER 



interest in children and young people, and few 
have had a greater or happier influence over them. 
Such vcas James Tupper. " Not slothful in busi- 
ness, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord." 

It is true in a far wider sense than that in which 
the poet used the words, that " The evil that men 




JAMES TUPPER, ESQ. 

do lives after them." So, too, the good that the 
departed did will long survive him in his native 
city, and eternity alone can fully disclose it. 
" Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord !" 

Tumbull, Robert, D.D., was born of Presby- 
terian parentage, in Whiteburn, Linlithgowshire, 
Scotland, Sept. 10. 1809; religiously educated; 
graduated at Glasgow University ; attended the 
theological lectures of Chalmers at Edinburgh ; 
while thus preparing for the ministry, by a study 
of the Bible he became a Baptist ; preached a 
year and a half in Westmancotte, AYorcester- 
shire, England ; in 1833, at the age of twenty-four, 
came to America ; settled with the Second Bap- 
tist church in Danbury, Conn. ; after two years 
was called to the First Baptist church in Detroit, 
Mich. ; two years later became pastor of the South 
Baptist church in Hartford, Conn. ; always pros- 
pered in his work ; in 1839 settled with the Harvard 
Street church, Boston, Mass. ; made a tour abroad ; 
a ready writer ; in July, 1845, returned to Hart- 
ford, Conn., and settled with the First Baptist 
church, and remained for about twenty-four years ; 
here, as always, greatly blessed with revivals and 
church progress ; on leaving the pastorate, in 1869, 
labored in various places, and with marked success 



in New Haven, leading to the formation of the 
Calvary Baptist church, and also at Ansonia; in 
1872 was chosen to the secretaryship of the Con- 
necticut Baptist State Convention, and successfully 
superintended its work ; was a wgorous, eloquent 
preacher ; a broad and thorough scholar ; an easy, 
graceful, prolific writer ; among his published 
works are " The Genius of Scotland," " The Genius 
of Italy," " Olympia Morenta," " Claims of Jesus," 
" Theophany, or Manifestation of God in Christ," 
containing a review of Dr. Bushnell's work, " 'J'he 
Pulpit Orators of France and Switzerland," " The 
Student Preacher," "The Woi-ld we Live In," 
"Christ in History," and "Life-Pictures, or 
Sketches from a Pastor's Note-Book ;" also wrote 
articles for the Christian Review, of which he was 
the joint editor for a time with Dr. J. N. Mur- 
dock; wrote much for the Christian Secretary; 
toiled for missions and for education ; gifted, stu- 
dious, devout, genial, progressive, persevering, be- 
nevolent, eloquent, full of love and faith ; died in 
Christian triumph at Hartford, Conn., Nov. 20, 
1877, aged sixty-eight ; deeply mourned by the 
State and by all the Baptists of our country. 

Turner, Prof. J. A., was born in Greensville 
Co., Va., Aug. 6, 1839. He entered Bichmond 
College in 1856. and graduated as Bachelor of 
Arts in 1858, with the highest honors. In 1858 
he matriculated at the University of Virginia, and 
received his diploma as Master of Arts in that in- 
stitution in 1860. At the opening of the war Prof. 
Turner was offered the position of major, but de- 
clined the honor in order to share with a cherished 
companion the duties of a private position. Sub- 
sequently, however, he served as sergeant-major, 
and also as an officer of ordnance. He was a very 
active member of the Masonic fraternity, rising 
rapidly through its various grades, and it was 
while attending a meeting of this body in Rich- 
mond that he took a severe cold, which resulted in 
his death. In 1861 he took charge of the Mossy 
Creek Academy, Augusta Co., Va., which position 
he left to join the army. During the winter of 
1863-64 he was engaged in teaching in the Roanoke 
Female College, Danville, Va., and subsequently 
he had charge of a school in Surry Co., Va. In 
1867 he was invited to take charge of the chair of 
Latin and Modern Languages in Hollins Institute, 
Botetourt Springs, Va., which position he ex- 
changed, in 1869, for that of the English and Mod- 
ern Languages. Prof. Turners health continuing 
gradually to decline, and his voice failing, he de- 
cided, at the earnest solicitation of friends, to 
spend the winter of 1877-78 in Florida. He did 
so, but found no relief, and, returning to spend his 
last hours with his family, he died May 5, 1878. 

As an instructor. Prof. Turner was active and 
enthusiastic, interesting in an unusual degree those 



TURNER 



TURNEY 



committed to his care, and so prompt in meetinn; 
all his engagements, in official and private life, 
that the students playfully named him their " time- 
piece." As an author and writer for prominent 
literary and religious journals, he was very favor- 
ably known. In 1875 he published a valuable lit- 
tle treatise on the principles of punctuation, in 
which he has based his rules, in every case, upon 
the laws of grammatical analysis. He had in 
course of preparation several other small works on 
versification, on poetry, and on figures of speech, 
also lectures on general philology, English phi- 
lology, French grammar, and on English litei-a- 
ture. He was also a frequent contributor to The 
Nation and Appleton's Journal, New York, and 
to the Atlantic Monthly and the Litei-avy World, of 
Boston. 

Prof. Turner was baptized by the Rev. Dr. Jeter 
while still a student at Richmond College, and he 
became a most efficient and industrious Christian 
worker. As deacon, superintendent of the Sunday- 
school, leader in the prayer-meeting, moderator of 
Associational meetings, lecturer before the Minis- 
ters', Deacons', and Sunday-School Institute, in 
which he was so often requested to discuss doc- 
trinal questions and present exegeses of obscure 
Biblical passages, he was recognized as the finished 
scholar, the learned Bible student, and the de- 
voted Christian. Many of the various papers pre- 
pared by him were considered of so much value as 
to be requested for publication in pamphlet form 
for general cii-culation. 

Prof. Turner's second wife was the daughter of 
Prof. Cocke, of Hollins Institute, a lady of culture, 
who shared his labors <as instructor in that excel- 
lent institution, and who, with three children, sur- 
vives him. 

Turner, Gov. Thomas, chief magistrate of 

Rhode Island, was born in Warren, R. I., Oct. 24, 
1810. Early in life he engaged in business pur- 
suits, becoming a merchant in his native place, and 
meeting with deserved success in his vocation. 
After several years of mercantile life, he retired 
from business, and accepted the presidency of an 
extensive insurance company. He retained this 
position during the remainder of his life. He held 
various offices of trust in banking and railroad and 
manufacturing corporations, and was frequently 
chosen to represent his native town in the General 
Assembly of the State. From 1857 to 1859 he was 
lieutenant-governor of the State, and the two years 
following he was governor. President Lincoln ap- 
pointed him first collector of the internal revenue 
of the first district of Rhode Island. The duties 
of the many offices which he held were discharged 
with fidelity and without ostentation. Gov. Tur- 
ner was a subject of the great revival of 1857-58, 
and united with the Baptist church in Warren, 



one of the old, historic churches of the State. In 
all measures tending to promote the prosperity of 
the denomination he took a deep interest. He was 




GOV. TllO-MAS TURNER. 

for some time a member of the board of the Mis- 
sionary Union. In 1862 he was chosen a trustee 
of Brown University, and continued in office until 
his death, which took place at Warren, Jan. 3, 
1875. 

Turner, Rev. Wm., was bom in Davidson Co., 
N. C, June 23, 1816; baptized by Josiah Wise- 
man. May 4, 1834; began to preach in 1840; vras 
ordained in 1844. His ministerial labors have 
been in the counties of Davidson, Davie, Yadkin, 
Forsythe, and Guilford, and they have been emi- 
nently successful. He has been moderator of the 
Liberty Association for fifteen years, and pastor 
of Jersey church for thirty years. He is still an 
active and useful preacher of the gospel. 

Turney, Edmund, D.D., was born in Easton, 
Conn., May 6, 1816; was educated at Hamilton; 
vras pastor of the South church, Hartford, Conn., 
and in Granville, and of the Broad Street church 
in Utica, N. Y. In 1850 he was appointed Profes- 
sor of Biblical Criticism in the seminary, Hamil- 
ton. From 1853 he was five years professor in Fair- 
mount Theological Seminary, 0. In 1865 he began 
the first organized effijrt for the education of col- 
ored teachers and preachers in Washington, D. C. 
No society encouraged him to commence a work 
upon which the richest blessings rested. How 
nobly he toiled in that field, with no assured sup- 
port, and sometimes, we fear, with want threat- 



TURPIN 



1177 



TUSTIN 



ening him, the writer and a few others know. He 
seemed inspired with the conviction that God had 
specially intrusted this great business to him, and 
nothing could change his impressions of duty. He 
would have suffered martyrdom while swayed by 
this holy purpose rather than show recreancy to 
the will of heaven. Dr. Turney was conscientious 
to a fault. He had genius of a high order, and Jiis 
heart was the throne of Jesus. He died Sept. 28, 
1872. 

Dr. Turney published several works on Christian 
baptism and three volumes of poetry. 

Turpin, Dr. William Henry, a prominent dea- 
con of great moral worth, who was, for many years, 
a member of the Augusta church, was born in the 
vicinity of Kiehmond, Va., in March, 1790. At 
fifteen years of age he removed to Augusta, Ga., 
and, entering into mercantile business, succeeded in 
amassing a large fortune. In 1816 he married 
Miss Mary Ann D'Antignac, and in 1824 he was 
converted under the preaching of the elder Brantly, 
and made a profession of faith in Christ. He united 
with the Baptist church at Augusta, of which he 
remained a most useful and conscientious member 
until his death in 1866, being for nearly forty years 
a deacon of the church. 

It may be said of Dr. Turpin that he rendered 
the Augusta church more essential service than 
any other of its members, unconnected with the 
ministry, since the church was founded. With his 
ample means he was always ready to make good 
any deficiency in the salaries of the pastors, and 
in the other expenses incidental to the maintenance 
of worship. His business capacity and excellence 
of judgment were of incalculable benefit to the 
church; and his wisdom in council, united with his 
politeness and courtesy of demeanor, and his hu- 
mility and peace-lovingdisposition, always exercised 
a beneficial influence in the church conferences 
and over the members. 

New members were attracted to the church by 
the simple fact of his connection with it. His 
character as a Christian and a gentleman of the 
utmost integrity and honor stood out in such bold 
relief that the church itself was benefited by it in 
the eyes of the community. 

He was ready to aid every good cause, and no 
application to him for any such cause ever failed 
to meet a favorable response. He was one of the 
earliest and largest contributors towards Mercer 
University, and it was his habitual custom to send 
S200 to each of the boards of the Southern Baptist 
Convention on the first day of every year. His 
house was the centre of an extensive and generous 
hospitality, and Luther Rice used to visit him every 
year, and was accustomed to speak of Dr. Turpin' s 
house as his Georgia home. 

With much that was calculated to make a man 
75 



proud, — wealth, position in society, hosts of friends 
and admirers, — Dr. Turpin was utterly unassum- 
ing; his humility was most unaflfected. But the 
crowning excellence and chief glory of his Chris- 
tian character was his unwavering trust in God. 
When grief rent his bosom, — and he had some of 
tiie severest kind, — and when the desolations of war 
threatened his home and his fortune, his comfort 
was that God was king, and that all things were 
working together for the good of those who love 
him. 

God allowed this bright light to shine for many 
years. Rev. James E. Welch said, " I have been 
traveling all over this country constantly for the 
past twenty years, and I know multitudes of people, 
but I have seen but one Wm. H. Turpin." In 1866 
an asthmatic affection rendered Dr. Turpin more 
and more feeble, and it became apparent to himself 
and family that he could not rally. Calmly, cheer- 
fully, sublimely he accepted the situation, and as 
the end drew nigh, in full possession of all his 
mental faculties, he sent farewells and benedictions 
to the absent, and then resigned himself to the 
sleep of the Christian, like one 

" Who wr.ips the drapery of his couch about him 
And lies dnwn to pleasaut dreams." 

Tustin, Rev. Francis Wayland, Ph.D., Pro- 
fessor of the Greek Language and Literature 
in the university at Lewisburg, Pa., was born in 
Philadelphia in 1834. His early education was re- 
ceived in the public schools of his native city. In 
1850 he entered the academy at Lewisburg, and 
graduated from the university in 1856, with the 
highest honors of his class. 

In 1857 he was made tutor in the college, being 
the first alumnus of the university in its faculty. 
In 1860, there being a vacancy in the department 
of Natural Sciences, caused by the accession of 
Dr. Loomis to the presidency. Prof. Tustin was 
elected to fill the chair. This position he held for 
fourteen years, and in the language of Dr. Loomis, 
" made the department of Natural Sciences in the 
university." Although his principal work in these 
years was in his own department, yet he was 
known as a fine classical scholar, and frequently 
assisted Prof. Bliss in the Greek and Latin classes. 
In 1874, his eyesight becoming seriously affected 
by the chemical fumes of the laboratory, he was 
obliged to relinquish the department of Natural 
Sciences. At that time, Dr. Bliss having accepted 
the chair of Biblical Interpretation in Crozer Theo- 
logical Seminary, and the trustees wishing to re- 
tain Prof. Tustin's services, he was elected to the 
chair of the Greek Language and Literature, which 
position he has since so worthily filled. During 
the absence of Dr. Loomis in Europe for the greater 
part of the college year. Prof. Tustin acted as presi- 
dent of the university, and presided at the com- 



TUTT 



1178 



TYREE 



of 1879. His administration won the 
praise and gratitude of all connected with the uni- 
versity. In 1879 his fellow-members of the faculty 
and the curators conferred upon him the degree 




PROF. FRANCIS WAYLAND TUSTIX, PH.D. 

of Doctor of Philosophy. In 1866, by a council 
called by the First Baptist church of Lewisburg, 
he was ordained to the gospel ministry. In addi- 
tion to his other labors he has, for more than 
twenty years, managed the finances of the Baptist 
church, and was largely instrumental in the erec- 
tion of their handsome church edifice. During 
these years Prof. Tustin has had several ofiers to 
other positions, which he has declined. His life 
has been given to the building up of the univer- 
sity and the Baptist cause in Lewisburg. Prof. 
Tustin has great ability and fine scholarship, and 
he has rendered valuable services to the Baptists 
of Pennsylvania. 

Tutt, Rev. B. G., was born in Cooper Co., Mo., 
Feb. 11, 1839 ; professed faith in Christ and united 
with the church at Liberty, Mo., while at AVilliam 
Jewell College, in 1854, and was baptized by Dr. 
E. S. Dulin ; attended Westminster College, at 
Fulton, Mo., in 1857 ; was ordained to the work 
of the gospel ministry in 1869 ; was called to the 
pastorate of the Concord Baptist church in De- 
cember, 1860, and continued in that relation until 
January, 1876, in the mean time preaching at in- 
tervals to Mount Nebo church, in the same county. 

The result of fifteen years' labor at Concord was, 
first, the gathering of a large and influential mem- 
bership ; second, the building up of a flourishing 



and effective Sunday-school ; third, the erection of 
a comfortable and commodious house of worship, 
which was dedicated without a dollar's indebted- 
ness ; fourth, bringing the membership into hearty 
and intelligent co-operation with the benevolent en- 
terprises of the denomination. 

In April, 1876, he was called to the pastorate at 
Marshall, Mo., in which field the labors of four 
years have developed some very encouraging 
features. 

Twiss, Rev. J. S., settled in "^ Ann Arbor in 
1830 ; was from Senn^tt, N. Y. He was a preacher 
of noted strength and vivacity, and a man of the 
highest moral integrity and Christian probity. 
He was intelligent and fearless in the performance 
of duty, he hated oppression and everything which 
degrades man. His righteous and intense senti- 
ments often took forms of expression which were 
never forgotten. His powers of debate and his 
natural delivery made him noted as a speaker, 
while in conversation few cared to meet the sharp- 
ness of his lance. His death occurred in 1857. 

Tyler, Rev. Mansfield, is about fifty-five years 
old ; a slave before the war ; limited opportunities ; 
a man of strong natural ability, of firm. Christian 
character, fine sense, well instructed in the Scrip- 
tures, gifted in natural eloquence, held in high 
estimation by whites and blacks ; a man of great 
prudence. He has for several years been president 
of the Colored Baptist Convention of Alabama, 
and is a good presiding officer. He resides at 
Lowndesborough. 

Tynes, Rev. W. E., pastor at Canton, Miss., of 
which State he is a native, was born in 1848. 
After receiving a good academic education he com- 
menced the practice of law; in 1871 began to 
preach, and became pastor at Osyka, Miss. ; thence 
at Jackson, La., and Baton Rouge. He returned 
to Mississippi in 1876. He was an evangelist in 
Southern Mississippi and in Eastern Louisiana 
one year ; then two years pastor at Summit, Miss. 
In 1878 he was called to his present field. 

Tyree, Cornelius, D.D., was born Sept. 14, 

1814, in Amherst Co., Va. He united with the 
Mount Moriah church in 1832, although strongly 
persuaded by his family and friends, all ardent 
Methodists, to join the Methodist Church. After 
receiving an excellent training in the schools of 
the neighborhood, he was a teacher for two years 
near Lynchburg. In the fall of 1837 he was li- 
censed to preach by the Lynchburg church, and 
sent to William and Mary College. Ifx the fall of 
1838 he entered the Columbian College, and pur- 
sued the partial course. In 1839 he was appointed 
by the General Association missionary for the 
counties of Greenbrier and Monroe, where his 
labors were greatly blessed. He was ordained in 
September, 1839, at Amwell church, Fayette Co. 



UNDERWOOD 



1179 



UNIFORMITY 



In the latter part of this year he was transferred 
to Rockbridge County as missionary. In 1840, under 
his ministry, two new churches were organized, 
one at Lexington and one at Cow Pasture Bridge, 
Va., of which churches he remained pastor five 
years. Here Dr. Tyree baptized Prof. G. E. Dab- 
ney and many of the students of the Military In- 
stitute of Lexington. In 1845 he succeeded Rev. 
Jesse Witt as pastor of the churches in Powhatan 
County, with two of which he remained twenty- 
seven years. While with these churches he also 
preached extensively within and without the State 
as an evangelist, and in the meetings in which he 
participated not less than 3000 were hopefully con- 
verted. Dr. Tyree has been busy with his pen 
also, although his pastoral and evangelistic labors 
have been so pressing. In 1858, Sheldon & Blake- 



man published his " The Living Epistle," with an 
introduction by Dr. R. Fuller. A number of his 
sermons have been published in the Baptist Preacher 
and in the Religious Herald. A valuable little 
tract on "Baptism and Restricted Communion" 
has also been widely circulated. Dr. Tyree has 
also prepared a small work, "Believe and Live," 
and a volume of quickening sermons preached at 
protracted meetings, both which he hopes soon to 
publish. Some of these sermons have been greatly 
blessed in the conversion of souls. In the spring 
of 1872 he removed to Bedford Co., Va., and be- 
came pastor of the Liberty church, one of the most 
thriving bodies in the State. Di-. Tyree has been 
eminently successful in his labors. In 1869 the 
Columbian College conferred upon him the degree 
of D.D. 



U. 



rnderwood, Rev. Enoch Downs, pastor of 

the Baptist church at Wauwatosa, Wis., and the 
oldest settled minister in the State, was born in 
Monongahela Co., Va., in 1817. When a boy of 
seven years he came with his father's family to 
Vermilion Co., 111., and at nineteen he removed 
again with his father and family to Milwaukee 
Co., Wis., where he has since resided. Mr. Under- 
wood obtained a hope in Christ after he reached 
manhood, and united with the Baptist Church. In 
1845 he took an active part in forming the Baptist 
chui-ch in Wauwatosa, of which he was a constituent 
member. This church licensed him to preach, and 
in 1849 called him to the pastorate and ordained 
him to the work of the ministry. 

Mr. Underwood has never been connected with 
any other church either as member or minister. His 
• pastorate has been continued for thirty-one years. 
He is finely balanced intellectually and spiritually, 
and it would be difficult to determine to which he 
is most indebted for his power as preacher, his at- 
tainments or his natural abilities. He has achieved 
the rare art of making the most of each. He de- 
livers his messages to his flock in the plain and 
■easily understood language of the people, but with 
great analytical power and logical force. His hear- 
ers are always sure to have the gospel purely, sim- 
ply, and strongly declared to them. He preaches 
Jesus. By his gentle and kind spirit, breathing 
in all his utterances the peace and love of the gos- 
pel, he has won the confidence and affection of the 



ministers and churches of the State. He has fre- 
quently been called to preside over the Association 
of which he is a member, and for many years has 
been a trusted member of the board of the Con- 
vention. 

Underwood, Rev. John Levi, as a preacher, is 

clear, animated, bold, earnest, and tender, show- 
ing much independence and freshness of thought. 
As a pastor, he is faithful, laborious, and sym- 
pathetic, making himself beloved by his people. 
As a man, he is friendly and warm-hearted. He 
was born in Alabama, March 27, 1836, of Pres- 
byterian parents ; graduated at Oglethorpe Uni- 
versity, Ga., in 1857, with the highest honors of 
his class ; -was converted and joined the church in 
1857 ; studied theology two years at the Colum- 
bia, S. C, Theological Seminary ; studied one 
year at Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany ; spent 
eight months at Paris, France, then came home and 
joined the Confederate army as a private, after 
being ordained to the ministry. He became a 
chaplain in 1862, but resigned on account of bad 
health in 1863. Since the war he has been teach- 
ing, preaching, and farming. He has a pleasant 
home near Camilla, Ga. He has had charge of the 
churches at Bainbridge and Cuthbert, Ga., but now 
serves the church at Camilla, and also those at 
Evergreen and Cairo, in the same neighborhood. 

TJniformity, Act of. — When Charles II. was 
restored to the throne of England the National 
Church had few Episcopal clergymen worshiping 



UNIFORMITY 



UNION 



at her altars. More than 7000 of her ministers 
had taken the Solemn League and Covenant. The 
forms of worship differed considerably. But after 
the Restoration the tyrannical men who ruled 
Church and State were determined to drive from 
the Anglican Establishment every man who would 
not conform to extreme Episcopalianism. 

The Act of Uniformity, which received the royal 
assent April 19, 1662, required all clergymen to 
profess before their congregations " their unfeigned 
assent and consent to the use of all things in the 
Book of Common Prayer, and prescribed by it, 
and to the form or manner of making, ordaining, 
and consecrating bishops, priests, and deacons." 

All persons " holding any office in any way con- 
nected with the church," and every teacher of a 
public or private school, and all tutors in private 
families were required to make a declaration that 
" it was not lawful on any pretense whatsoever to 
take arms against the king," and that they "will 
conform to the liturgy of the Church of England." 

They were also compelled to declare that the oath 
to maintain the Solemn League and Covenant was 
a nullity, and that it was " imposed upon the sub- 
jects of this realm against the known laws and 
liberties of this kingdom." 

This law was one of the most unrighteous enact- 
ments that ever disgraced the statute books of any 
civilized nation. In it the king and his Parliament 
wickedly violated the most sacred engagements 
ever made by man. The principal sufferers under 
this infamous act were the Presbyterians, who had 
foolishly placed the king upon the throne. The 
law was expressly contrived to ruin all Noncon- 
formist clergymen and their families. 

On the 24th of August, 1662, the act went into 
effect. That was a time of fierce trial to thousands 
of godly ministers and teachers, and to many thou- 
sands of their wives and children. The number 
of ministers who forsook their ecclesiastical resi- 
dences and chui'ch edifices on the day of royal, 
and of Episcopal vengeance, has been estimated at 
from 2000 to 2500. 

These thousands of pastors going forth from 
their homes, sacred to them by many precious as- 
sociations, surrounded by their wives and children, 
and in not a few instances by their aged parents, 
with nothing before them but hunger, and rags, 
and persecution, exhibited to the eye of Jehovah 
the most pitiable, and at the same time the most 
glorious scene upon which its lightning glances had 
ever fallen.' They could not be hypocrites, for they 
loved the God of truth, and they and theirs must 
become living sacrifices. There were Baptist min- 
isters among these saintly men, though most of 
our brethren had previously been removed. Henry 
Jessey, A.M., was ejected fi-om St. George's, South- 
wark ; Francis Bampfield, M.A., from Sherborne, 



in Dorsetshire ; Thomas Jennings, from Brimsfield, 
in Gloucestershire ; Paul Frewen, from Kempley, 
in the same county ; Joshua Head, the place of 
ejectment uncertain ; John Tombes, B.D., from 
Leominster, in Herefordshire ; Daniel Dyke, M.A., 
from Hadhain, in Hertfordshire; Richard Adams, 
from Humberstone, in Leicestershire ; Jeremiah 
Marsden, from Ardesly, in Yorkshire ; Thomas 
Hardcastle, from Bramham, in Yorkshire ; Robert 
Browne, from Whitelady Aston, in Worcestershire ; 
Gabriel Camelford, from Stavely Chapel in West- 
moreland ; John Skinner, from Weston, in Here- 
fordshire ; Baker, from Folkestone, in Kent ; 

John Gosnold, of the Charter House and Pembroke 
Hall, Cambridge ; Thomas Quarrel, from a place in 
Shropshire ; Thomas Ewins, from St. Evens' church, 
Bristol ; Lawrence Wise, from Chatham Dock, 
Kent ; John Donne, from Pertenhall, in Bedford- 
shire ; Paul Dobson, from the chaplaincy of the 
college, Buckinghamshire ; John Gil)bs, from New- 
port Pagnell ; John Smith, from Wanlip, Leices- 
tershire ; Thomas Ellis, from Lopham, Norfolk ; 
Thomas Paxford, from Clapton, Gloucestershire; 
Ichabod Chauncy, M.D., chaplain to Sir Edward 
Harley's regiment; Thomas Horrexe, from Mal- 
don, in Essex ; Mr. Woodward, from Southwood ; 
E. Stennett, from Wallingford ; B. Cox and about 
thirteen others were ejected in Wales. These men, 
with the ai'dent love which flamed in the hearts of 
martyrs, gave up their all for Christ. The National 
Church merely gave them a preaching-house, a, 
place in which they were chaplains. They had 
churches, — living, godly communities of which they 
were pastors, entirely distinct from the parish 
churches in which they preached. 

Union, The Baptist, of Canada.— After much 

preliminary discussion, this society was formed at 
the twenty-eighth annual meeting of the Baptist 
Home Missionary Convention of Ontario, by the 
joint action of that body and the Convention East, 
the latter being represented by an influential dele- 
gation. An act incorporating the Union was passed 
during the ensuing session of the Dominion Parlia- 
ment, and, according to the terms of the act, the 
first annual meeting was held, in October, 1880, in * 
the Jarvis Street church, Toronto. This society 
seeks to unite within itself, as far as practicable, 
the whole Baptist body of Canada, for the more 
successful promotion of all denominational intei-ests 
and enterprises. At present (1881), however, it 
only embraces the churches of Ontario and Quebec. 
Its membership consists of all pastors, all ministers 
engaged in other departments of denominational 
work, all persons paying $30 at one time to its 
funds (life members), and delegates from the 
churches, appointed according to the numerical 
standing of the bodies they represent. The Union 
elects the following boards : Home Missions West, 



UNION 



1181 



UNITED STATES 



Home Missions East, Foreign Missions, Manitoba 
and Northwest Missions, Grande Ligne Mission, 
trustees of the Canadian Literary Institute, Super- 
annuated Ministers' and Church Edifice Funds. 
The societies by which these boards were formerly 
elected having merged their existence into that of 
the Union, so far as existing legislation will admit, 
brief sketches of such of the principal ones as are 
not noted elsewhere will be in place here. 

Regular Baptist Home Missionary Convention of 
Ontario. — This society may be regarded as the 
parent of most of the others, and for many years 
it was the only general denominational organiza- 
tion in Western Canada. It was formed, in 1851, 
in an old Presbyterian meeting-house in the city 
of Hamilton. There appears to be no published 
record of its work during the first four years of its 
existence ; but from 1855 to the formation of the 
Baptist Union it has been ascertained that over 5000 
persons were baptized by the missionaries, 120 
churches organized, and more than 100 places of 
worship erected, many of them in important towns 
and centres. During this period the amount ap- 
propriated by the Convention towards the support 
of missionary pastors and other laborers on mission 
fields exceeds $100,000. The great advance made 
by the denomination in the province of Ontario 
since 1851 is undoubtedly due in a large measure 
to the instrumentalities employed by this society. 
The following Associations are included within its 
boundaries : Western, Middlesex and Lambton, 
Elgin, Grand River, Brant, Midland-Counties, 
Huron, Niagara, Toronto, East Ontario, and Am- 
herstburg, containing in all about 300 churches 
and 22,000 members. 

Canada Baptist Home Missionary Convention, 
East. — The territorial area of this Convention con- 
sists of the province of Quebec and the portion 
of Ontario lying east of Kingston, thus embracing 
3 Associations, — Central Canada, Ottawa, and 
Danville, — 64 churches, and nearly 4800 members. 
It was formed April 28, 1858, in the St. Helen 
Street Baptist church, Montreal, at a meeting spe- 
cially convened for the purpose by a committee of 
brethi'en belonging to that church. There were 
present ten ministers and delegates from fourteen 
churches, who were entirely unanimous as to the 
expediency of organizing for home mission work. 
The subsequent history of the society has demon- 
strated the wisdom of its founders, and exhibited, 
in a striking manner, the faith and liberality of its 
handful of supporters. Up to the time of its affil- 
iation with the Baptist Union $33,000 had been 
paid out in support of missionaries and in aid of 
weak churches, and much good accomplished among 
the small Protestant population of this section of 
Canada. 

Baptist Foreign Missionary Society of Ontario 



and Quebec. — In the year 1858, at the annual 
meeting of the Convention West, the question was 
raised, " Ought Canadian Baptists, as such, to 
have a Foreign Missionary Society, or ought they 
to co-operate with existing organizations?" Its 
fuller consideration was deferred to the following 
year ; but for some reason the discussion was not 
then I'esumed, and the subject remained in abey- 
ance. Some years afterwards a strong desire to be 
employed in the foreign field was expressed by one 
of the senior theological students of the Canadian 
Literary Institute. This led to an earnest recon- 
sideration of the whole matter, and in October, 
1866, at the fifteenth annual meeting of the Home 
Missionary Convention, held in Beamsville, Ontario, 
the Foreign Missionary Society was organized, as 
an auxiliary to the American Baptist Missionary 
Union. The first missionary sent out was the Rev. 
A. V. Timpany, the student to whom reference is 
made above. He was designated in October, 1867, 
and appointed to the Teloogoo field in the Madras 
presidency, British India. Two years afterwards 
he was followed by Rev. John McLaurin. In 1874 
a chain of providential circumstances led to the 
formation of an independent Canadian Teloogoo 
mission in the city of Cocanada, 200 miles north 
of Ongole. A commencement had been already 
made in Cocanada by the five years' faithful toil of 
Thomas Gabriel, a well-educated and zealous na- 
tive, who had gone to this populous heathen city 
on his own responsibility. Under his labors a 
church of 150 members had been gathered, several 
native preachers raised up, and a few native schools 
established. At his urgent request the Baptists 
of Canada, with the approbation of the American 
Baptist Missionary Union, sent Mr. McLaurin to 
this inviting field, and assumed the entire control 
of the movement. Subsequently, Mr. Timpany 
also withdrew from the service of the Union, and 
•went to Cocanada under the direction of the Cana- 
dian society. The infant mission was reinforced 
by Rev. George F. Currie, B.A., in 1876, and by 
Rev. John Craig, B.A., in 1877. Mr. Currie is sta- 
tioned at Tuni, and Mr. Craig at Akidu. 

TJnited States, The Constitution of; Aid 
given by the Baptists in its Adoption.— It is 

a matter of surprise to-day that the wisdom of this 
instrument was ever doubted, or that it should have 
been opposed by any number of intelligent and 
patriotic men. The two great States that sup- 
ported the Revolution, Virginia and Massachu- 
setts, were equally divided about the Constitution, 
and some of the best men in these powerful centres 
of political life regarded it with unmixed alarm, 
and resisted it with all their influence and elo- 
quence. 

In Massachusetts, the convention called to ratify 
the Constitution assembled on the 9th of January, 



UNITED STATES 



UNITED STATES 



1788. It was composed of nearly four hundred 
members. It possessed much of the intellect and 
patriotism of the State. The debates lasted for a 
month, and the contest was carried on with j;reat 
earnestness. " The prohibition of religious tests 
in the Constitution made it many enemies in Mas- 
sachusetts."* The entire United States took the 
deepest interest in the deliberations. It was uni- 
versally felt, as Dr. Manning expressed it, that 
" Massachusetts was the hinge on which the whole 
must turn," and that if she rejected the Constitu- 
tion it would be discarded in the other States. The 
Baptists held the balance of power in the conven- 
tion, and in Massachusetts they were generally 
opposed to the Constitution. The Baptist delegates 
were chiefly ministers, who had the highest regard 
for Dr. Manning. And he, fully convinced that 
nothing but the new Constitution could save the 
country from anarchy, spent two weeks in attend- 
ance upon the convention, and he and Dr. Stillman 
exerted themselves to the utmost to persuade their 
brethren to support the Constitution. With the 
Rev. Isaac Backus, the fearless friend of the Bap- 
tist cause and of liberty of conscience, they set 
out, and they met with success in several cases, 
and the Constitution was adopted by a majority 
of nineteen votes. There were 187 yeas and 168 
nays on the last day of the session, and before 
" the final question was taken, Gov. Hancock, the 
president, invited Dr. Manning to close the solemn 
convocation with thanksgiving and prayer." Dr. 
Manning addressed the Deity in a spirit glowing 
with devotion, and with such lofty patriotism that 
every heart was filled with reverence for God and 
admiration for his servant. And such an efiect 
was produced by this prayer that, had it not been 
for the " popularity of Dr. Stillman, the rich men 
of Boston would have built a church for Dr. Man- 
ning."! There is a strong probability that the 
Baptists of the convention would have turned 
from Isaac Backus, and changed the insignificant 
majority into a small minority, if it had not been 
for Manning and Stillman. 

In Virginia the opposition to the Constitution 
was led by more popular men ; but the parties, 
otherwise, were about equal in strength. The 
convention met in Richmond, in June, 1788. The 
most illustrious men in the State were in it. 
Patrick Heni-y spoke against the Constitution with 
a vehemence never surpassed by himself on any 
occasion in his whole life, and with a power that 
was sometimes overwhelming. Once, while this 
matchless orator was addressing the convention, a 
wild storm broke over Richmond ; the heavens 
were ablaze with lightning, the thunder roared, 
and the rain came down in torrents ; at this 



* Backus's Baptist Church History, toI. ii. p. .335. Newton, 
f Manning and Brown University, pp. 103, 104. Boston, 18C4. 



moment Henry seemed to see the anger of heaven 
threatening the State if it should consummate the 
guilty act of adopting the Constitution, and he in- 
voked celestial witnesses to view and compassionate 
his distracted country in this grand crisis of her 
history. And such was the efiTect of his speech on 
this occasion that the convention immediately dis- 
persed.J The convention, when the final vote on 
ratification was taken, only gave a majority of ten 
in favor of the Constitution. Eighty-nine cast 
their votes for it, and seventy-nine against it.^ 

James Madison possessed the greatest influence 
of any man in the convention ; had he not been 
there Patrick Henry would have carried his oppo- 
sition triumphantly ; and Madison was there by 
the generosity of John Leland, the well-known 
and eccentric Baptist minister. Madison remained 
in Philadelphia three months with John Jay and 
Alexander Hamilton, preparing the articles which 
now make up The Federalist; this permitted 
Henry and others to secure the public attention 
in Virginia, and, in a large measure, the public 
heart. Henry's assertion that the new Constitution 
"squinted towards monarchy" was eagerly heard 
and credited by many of the best friends of free- 
dom ; and when Madison came home he found Le- 
land a candidate for the county of Orange, the con- 
stituency which he wished to represent, with every 
prospect of success, for Orange was chiefly a Baptist 
county. Mr. Madison spent half a day with John 
Leland, and the result of this interview was that 
Leland withdrew and exerted his whole influence 
in favor of Madison, who was elected to the con- 
vention, and, after sharing in its fierce debates, he 
was just able to save the Constitution of the United 
States. 

In a eulogy pronounced on James Madison 
by J. S. Barbour, of Virginia, in 1857, he said 
" That the credit of adopting the Constitution of 
the United States properly belonged to a Baptist 
clergyman, formerly of Virginia, named Leland. 
If," said he, " Madison had not been in the Vir- 
ginia convention the Constitution would not have 
been ratified, and, as the approval of nine States 
was necessary to give effect to this instrument, and 
as Virginia was the ninth State, if it had been re- 
jected by her the Constitution would have failed 
(the remaining States following her example), and 
it was through Elder Leland's influence that Madi- 
son was elected to that convention." || It is unques- 
tionable that Mr. Madison was elected through 
the efforts and resignation of John Leland, and it 
is all but certain that that act gave our country its 
famous Constitution. 



t Howison's History of Virginia, ii. 326, 327, 332. 
2 Howe's Virginia Historical Collections, p. 124. Charleston, 
1846. 

II Sprague's Annals of the American Baptist Pulpit, p. 179. 



UNITED STATES 



1183 



UNITED STATES 



United States, The Religious Amendment 

of the Constitution of. — Tlie first amendment to 
the United States Constitution was adopted in 1789, 
the year it went into operation. It reads, " Con- 
gress shall make no law respecting an establish- 
ment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise 
thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of 
the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to 
assemble, and to petition the government for a re- 
dress of grievances." The first clause of this 
amendment occupies properly its prominent place 
in that addition to the Constitution. Freedom of 
conscience was in legal bondage in 1789, and its 
friends had too much cause to be alarmed for its 
safety. 

Had the amendment not been adopted, Massachu- 
setts might have had her State church to-day, and 
her citizens rotting in prison because they could 
not conscientiously pay a church-tax ; and any State 
might have established the Episcopal Church and 
then committed Baptists or other ministers to 
prison, as Virginia did down to the Revolution. 
And Congress might have decreed that the Catho- 
lic Church was the religious fold of the nation, 
and might have levied taxes to support her clergy, 
and made laws to give secular power to her car- 
dinals, archbishops, bishops, and priests over our 
schools, religious opinions, and personal freedom. 
With the amendment we have been educated to 
practise universal religious freedom ; without it, 
sacerdotal tyranny might have destroyed aU our 
liberty. The grandest feature of our Constitution 
is the first clause of the first amendment. The 
Baptists have justly claimed that the credit for 
this amendment belongs chiefly to them. It is in 
strict accordance with their time-honored maxim, 
" The major part shall rule in civil things only." 

Where else could it have come from ? In the 
Revolution, and for a few years after, there were 
two great centres of political influence in our 
country, around which the other States moved with 
more ov less interest, — Massachusetts and Virginia. 
Freedom of conscience could not come from Mas- 
sachusetts ; she was wedded to a State religion in 
1789, which defied any divorcing agency to create 
a separation. Just ten years before, she adopted 
her new constitution with an article in it giving 
legal support to Congregational ministers, as in 
good old Puritan times. And this tie only per- 
ished in 1834.* Writing to Benjamin Kent, John 
Adams says, " I am for the most liberal toleration 
of all denominations, but I hope Congress will 
never meddle with religion further than to say 
their own prayers. . . . Let every colony have its 
own religion without molestation.'^^ That is, from 



* Backus's Church History, p. 197. Philadelphia. 
t Life and Works of John Adams, by Charles Francis Adams, 
vol. ix. p. 402. 



Congress ; he wished every colony to have its own 
established church without molestation, if it desired 
such an institution. He unjustly charged Israel 
Pemberton, a Quaker, whom, with the Baptists and 
other Friends, the Massachusetts delegates met dur- 
ing the session of the first Continental Congress, 
with an eifort to destroy the union and labors of 
Congress, because he pled for the release of Bap- 
tists and Quakers imprisoned in Massachusetts for 
not paying the ministers' tax, and for the repeal of 
their oppressive laws. And John Adams actually 
argued that it was against the consciences of the 
people of his State to make any change in their 
laws about religion, even though others might have 
to suffer in their estates or in their personal free- 
dom to satisfy Mr. Adams and his conscientious 
friends. And he declared that they might as well 
think they could change the movements of the 
heavenly bodies as alter the religious laws of Mas- 
sachusetts.! This was the spirit of New England 
when the first amendment was proposed, except in 
Rhode Island, and among the Baptists, and the 
little community of Quakers outside of it. Thomas 
Jefierson, writing to Dr. Rush, says, " There was 
a hope confidently cherished about a.d. 1800, that 
there might be a State church throughout the 
United States, and this expectation was specially 
cherished by Episcopalians and Congregational- 
ists."§ This was the sentiment of not a few 
New England Pedobaptists, and the hope of the 
remains of the Episcopal Church in the South. 
Massachusetts and her allies had no love for the 
first amendment, and, according to Backus, Massa- 
chusetts did not adopt it.|| 

It came from Virginia, and chiefly from Baptists 
of the Old Dominion. The "mother of Presi- 
dents" was the mother of the glorious amend- 
ment. In 1776 the first republican Legislature 
of Virginia convened, and after a violent contest, 
daily renewed, from the 11th of October to the 5th 
of December, the acts of Parliament were repealed 
which rendered any form of worship criminal. 
Dissenters were exempted from all taxes to support 
the clergy, and the laws were suspended which 
compelled Episcopalians to support their own 
church. But it was the pressure of Dissenters 
without that forced this legislation on the Assem- 
bly, for a majority of the members were Episco- 
palians. T[ While this act relieved Baptists, the un- 
repealed common law still punished with dismissal 
from all offices for the first ofi"ense, those who de- 
nied the Divine existence, or the Trinity, or the 
truth of Christianity ; and for the second, the 



J Ibid., vol. ii. p. 399. 

g Memoirs, Correspondence, etc., vol. iii. p. 341. Charlottesville, 
1829. 



\ 



Backus's Church Histoi-y, vol. ii. p. 341. Newton. 
Ibid., vol. i. p. 32. 



UNITED STATES 



1184 



UNITED STATES 



transgressor should be rendered incapable of suing 
or of acting as guardian, administrator, or execu- 
tor, or of receiving a legacy, and, in addition, 
should be imprisoned for three years.* These 
persecuting laws were not repealed till 1785. The 
tithe law, after being agitated frequently in every 
session, and annually suspended, was repealed in 
1779. The Presbyterians and Baptists were the 
outside powers that swept away the State church 
of Virginia. 

After tithes ceased to be collected, a scheme, 
known as the " assessment,'' was extensively dis- 
cussed in Virginia by Episcopalians and others. 
The assessment required every citizen to pay titles 
to support his minister, no matter what his creed. 
The Episcopalians warmly advocated the assess- 
ment. The united clergy of the Presbyterian 
Church petitioned for it,t though many of their 
people disliked and denounced it. Patrick Henry 
aided it with all the power of his eloquence. J 
Richard Henry Lee, the most polished orator in 
the country, John Marshall, the future chief jus- 
tice of the United States, and George Washington 
himself advocated it.§ The Baptists directed their 
whole forces against it, and poured petitions into the 
Legislature for its rejection. 

After expending every effort, the friends of the 
assessment were defeated, and it was finally re- 
jected in 1785, and all the laws punishing opinions 
repealed. This was a work of great magnitude. 
The Episcopalians, the Methodists, the Presbyte- 
rian clergy, and the eloquence and influence of 
some of the greatest men the United States ever 
had, or will have, were ovei-come by the Baptists, 
and Jefferson and Madison, their two noble allies, 
and some Presbyterian and other laymen. Semple 
truly says, " The inhibition of the general assess- 
ment may, in a considerable degree, be ascribed to 
the opposition made to it by the Baptists. They 
were the only sect which plainly remonstrated 
against it. Of some others it is said that the laity 
and ministry were at variance upon the subject, so 
as to paralyze their exertions for or against the 
bill." II 

Nor need any one dream that Jefferson and 
Madison could have carried this measure by their 
genius and influence. They were opposed by 
many men whose transcendent services, or un- 
equaled oratory, or wealth, position, financial in- 
terests, or intense prejudices, would have enabled 
them easily to resist their unsupported assaults. 
Like a couple of first-class engineers on a " tender," 



* Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia, p. 169. Elchmond, 
1835. 
t Eives's Life and Times of James Madison, vol. i. pp. 601, 602. 
t Wirt's Life of Patrick Henry, p. 263. Hartford. 
§ Rives's Life and Times of James Madison, vol. i. pp. 601, 602. 
II Sample's History of the A'irginia Baptists, pp. 72, 73. 



with a train attached, but no locomotive, would 
Jefferson and Madison have appeared without the 
Baptists. They furnished the locomotive for these 
skillful engineers, which drew the train of religious 
liberty through every persecuting enactment in the 
penal code of Virginia. 

In 1790, just one year after the adoption of the 
amendment. Dr. Samuel Jones, of Pennsylvania, 
states that there were 202 Baptist churches in 
Virginia. 1[ Semple, the historian of the Virginia 
Baptists, says that, in 1792, " The Baptists had 
members of great weight in civil society ; their 
congregations became more numerous than those 
of any other Christian sect."** The Baptists out- 
numbered all the denominations in Virginia, in all 
probability, in 1789, and they far surpassed them 
in the burning enthusiasm which persecution en- 
genders, and to them chiefly was Virginia in- 
debted for her complete deliverance from perse- 
cuting enactments. 

In 1789, a few months after Washington became 
President, " The Committee of the United Baptist 
Churches of Virginia" presented him an address, 
written by John Leland, marked by felicity of ex- 
pression and great admiration for Washington, in 
which they informed him that their religious rights 
were not protected by the new Constitution. The 
President replied that he would never have signed 
that instrument had he supposed that it endangered 
the religious liberty of any denomination, and if he 
could imagine even now that the government could 
be so administered as to render freedom of worship 
insecure for any religious society, he would imme- 
diately take steps to erect barriers against the 
horrors of spiritual tyranny. ff Large numbers 
were anxious about the new Constitution, and it 
had many open enemies. The Baptists who pre- 
sented this address controlled the government of 
Virginia, and they were the luarmest friends of lib- 
erty in America. They would suffer anything for 
their principles, and, as they suspect the new Con- 
stitution, it must be amended to embrace their soul 
liberty and secure their hearty support. A few 
weeks later, James Madison, the .special friend of 
Washington, who aided him five months before in 
composing his first inaugural address to Congress, Jt 
rises in the House of Representatives and pro- 
poses the religious amendment demanded by the 
Baptists, with other emendations, and declares 
that "a great number of their constituents were 
dissatisfied with the Constitution, among whom 
were many respectable for their talents and their 
patriotism, and respectable for the jealousy which 



T[ Minutes of Philadelphia Baptist Association, p. 459. 
** History of the Virginia Baptists, p. 39. 

tt Writings of George Washington, by Sparks, vol. xii. pp. 164, 
155. Boston, 
tt Rives's Life and Times of James Madison, vol. iii. p. 64. 



UPHAM 



1185 



USTICK 



they feel for their liberty''' (religious). This liin- 
guage applies to his Virginia Baptist friends and 
their co-religionists over the land. He presses his 
scheme amidst violent opposition, and Congress 
passes it. Two-thirds of the State Legislatures ap- 
prove of it, and it becomes a part of the Consti- 
tution.* 

Denominationally, no community asked for this 
change in the Constitution but the Baptists. The 
Quakers would no doubt have petitioned for it if 
they had thought of it, but they did not. John 
Adams and the Congregationalists did not desire 
it ; the Episcopalians did not wish for it. It went 
too far for most Presbyterians in Revolutionary 
times, or in our own days, when we hear so much 
especially from them, about putting the divine 
name in the Constitution. The Baptists asked it 
through Washington. The request commended 
itself to his judgment and to the generous soul of 
Madison, and to the Baptists, beyond a doubt, be- 
longs the glory of engrafting its best enactment on 
the noblest Constitution ever framed for the gov- 
ernment of mankind. 

TJpham, James, D.D., was bom in Salem, 
Mass., Jan. 23, 1815. He was a graduate of 
Wafcerville College in the class of 1835, and studied 
at the Newton Theological Institution, 1837-39. He 
was ordained at Thomaston, Me., in August, 1840, 
and was professor in the theological institute which 
had a brief existence in that place. On leaving 
Thomaston he became pastor of the church in 
Manchester, N. H., and subsequently pastor of the 
church in Millbury, from which place he was called 
to a professorship in the New Hampshire Literary 
Institute. His connection with this institution 
continued fifteen years, 1846-61, when he was ap- 
pointed president. In 1866 he retired from this 
position, and became one of the editors of the 
Watchman and Reflector. He held this office for 
several years with distinguished ability. Recently 
he has accepted a position on the editorial staff of 
the Richviond Herald, published in Richmond, Va. 

The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred 
on Dr. Upham by Colby University in 1860. 

Upham, Eev. William D., was bom in 
Weathersfield, Vt., Feb. 10, 1810. He early indi- 
cated the bent of his mind, and showed that if his 
tastes could be gratified he would devote his life to 
the pursuit of knowledge. Having reached the 
age of eighteen, he decided to tit himself to enter 
the profession of law. His preparatory studies, 
which he pursued at Chester, Vt., and at Middle- 
borougii, Mass., being completed, he entered Brown 
University in the fall of 1831. He was inclined to 
adopt infidel sentiments, and with the immaturity 
and self-conceit of youth, he was disposed to treat 



■ Klves's Life and Times of Ja 



Madisou, vol. iii. p. 39. 



very lightly the claims of religion. During the 
winter of 1831-32, while engaged in teaching in 
the village of Dedham, Mass., his attention was 
called by the Spirit of God to his own condition. 
Before the light of truth his skepticism vanished, 
and he yielded his heart to the Saviour, in whom 
heretofore he had seen no charms. When he re- 
turned to his college duties he was a changed man. 
' Having connected himself with the First Baptist 
church in Providence, he received their approbation 
of his wish in due time to enter upon the work of 
the Christian ministry. Unable for want of funds 
to continue his studies at the university, he took 
charge of a school in the village of Wickford, R. I., 
where he remained three years. It -was in conse- 
quence of his efforts and sacrifices that there was 
formed in that place a Baptist church, which now 
numbers not far from 150 members. Mr. Upham 
removed to Ludlow, Vt., in December, 1836, and 
for two years was principal of the Black River 
Academy. He was ordained to the work of the 
ministry in November, 1837, preaching as oppor- 
tunity presented while carrying on his work as a 
teacher. In December, 1838, he accepted a call to 
the pastorate of the Second Baptist church in 
Townshend, Vt., and served this church between 
four and five years, when he closed his life, dying 
June 30, 1843, at the early age of thirty-three 
years. " His death was much lamented by the 
ministers and churches in Vermont, among whom 
his piety, talents, and wisdom had secured him a 
measure of esteem and confidence possessed by 
very few at so early an age." 

Ustick, Rev. Thomas, was born in New York, 
Aug. 30, 1763. When about fourteen he was con- 
verted. He was baptized by the Rev. John Gano. 
Soon after he felt called to preach the gospel, and 
he began to prepare himself for this blessed work. 
He graduated at Rhode Island College (now Brown 
University) in 1771. He was ordained to the min- 
istry in Ashford, Conn., in 1777. He became pas- 
tor of the First Baptist church of Philadelphia in 
1782. In that city his labors were greatly blessed, 
and his memory is still treasured up as a precious 
legacy by the children of those whom he led to the 
Saviour. 

Mr. Ustick was an earnest advocate of deep re- 
pentance as a prerequisite to the enjoyment of the 
peace of God, and of a salvation gathering nothing 
from human feelings or reforms, but coming wholly 
from the Saviour's merits. The Saviour has had 
few servants more competent or more faithful. He 
died in Burlington, N. J., in 1803. 

Ustick, Deacon Thomas Watts, was born in 
Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 22, 1801. His parents re- 
moved to Virginia in 1806, where with an uncle, 
John Ustick, Thomas learned printing. He after- 
wards lived in Washington and Chicago, and in 



VAIL 



1186 



VAN HORN 



both places was known as a publisher and printer. 
In 1839 he came to St., Louis, where he died Aug. 
13, 1866. He was converted when ten years of 
age in Virginia, and baptized by Thomas Cally. 
From a boy Deacon Ustick was intelligent, affec- 
tionate, and faithful. He was made a deacon 
of the Second Baptist church of St. Louis, and of 
the Third church, of which he was a constituent 
member. The Thitd church greatly mourned his 
death. He, with Deacons John Barnhurst, P. J. 



Thompson, and R. Campbell, formed a noble band 
in the Third church. His friends admired and 
trusted him. Mild but firm, and governed by prin- 
ciple, when suddenly called to die, he said, " I am 
glad I have no preparation to make." He left a 
rich legacy to his children in a name untarnished, 
and an influence which will ever live, like that of 
his grandfather, Thomas Ustick, who was pastor 
of the First Baptist church of Philadelphia for 
twenty-one years. 



V. 



Vail, Rev. A. L., was born in La Grange, 
Texas, May 14, 1844. He continued to reside 
there and in that vicinity till the spring of 1862, 
when he went to Mexico. In August, 1863, he 
shipped on the schooner " Matamoras," from the 
port of the same name, for New York. 

Although converted in Texas, he made no public 
profession of religion until 1864, when he united 
with the First Baptist church in Plainfield, N. J. 
Having studied in Connecticut until the close of 
1864, he removed to Michigan, where his studies 
were continued until 1868, partly in Raisin Valley 
Seminary and partly in Kalamazoo College. He 
was ordained in Schoolcraft, Mich., in 1868. His 
Schoolcraft pastorate was ended in about a year 
by failure of health. After six months' rest, he re- 
sumed work limitedly in Brady, a field formerly 
occupied in connection with Schoolcraft, where he 
remained till April, 1871, when he became pastor 
in Sturgis, Mich. In November, 1873, he removed 
to Chicago, to accept a position on the Standard. 
Two years were spent in editorial work and study- 
ing in the university and seminary. About one 
year of this time he was regular supply of the 
AVinnetka church. Preceding this he furnished 
the first consecutive Baptist preaching in Hyde 
Park, which prepared the way for the organization 
of the church there. 

Jan. 1, 1876, he took the pastorate of the Bap- 
tist church in Colorado Springs, Col., remaining 
there three years. He preached the first Baptist 
sermon in Leadville, two weeks before the church 
was oi-ganized there, and issued the first Baptist 
paper in that State, of which he was editor and 
manager. This paper, called Free Gold, was a 
monthly, of which 2000 copies were distributed 
gratuitously each month in Colorado Springs and 
in the mountains westward. It was supported by 



advertisements and free-will offerings. It was a 
financial success. 

Mr. Vail became pastor in Wichita, Kansas, Jan. 
1, 1879, a part of the plan being the removal of a 
debt of nearly $1200, due to the Home Mission So- 
ciety, during that year. By the generosity of the 
society and the liberality of the church this was 
accomplished, the pastor having directly nothing to 
do with it. Mr. Vail resigned as pastor at Wichita, 
Jan. 1, 1881, and was immediately secured as pastor 
at Olathe, Kansas. 

Mr. Vail is a clear-headed, able, devoted, and 
successful minister of the gospel, a close and atten- 
tive student of the Bible, and a faithful shepherd 
to his flock. 

Van Horn, Hon. Burt, a respected citizen and 
influential Christian gentleman, a resident of Lock- 
port, N. Y., was born in Newfane, Niagara Co., 
N. Y., Oct. 28, 1823. His parents, James and 
Abigail, both of whom died in 1856, were highly 
esteemed for their public spirit and excellence of 
Christian character. Besides filling important 
positions in the town and county, his father was 
for many years an honored deacon of the Newfane 
Baptist church. His mother, a devoted member 
of the same church, was a woman of rare worth ; 
strong in character, devout in spirit, generous and 
faithful, her godly life has left its impress on the 
church and community. 

From such parents the son inherited qualities of 
mind and heart which fitted him for the sphere of 
usefulness he has occupied. Besides home and 
common-school training, he spent three years in 
Yates Academy and one year in Madison Univer- 
sity. Converted at the age of fifteen, he became a 
member of the Newfane Baptist church, and for 
many years devoted his best energies to its in- 
terests. During the years 1858, 1859, and 1860 he 



VANHORK 



VAN- METER 



served with honor in the State Legislature. In 
1860 he was elected to Congress, elected again in 
1864, and re-elected in 1866. He identified him- 
self by voice and pen with his party ; was an ardent 
and outspoken advocate of the act of emancipation. 
During his three years in the State Legislature and 
his six years in Congress, though on many im- 
portant committees, and an active participant in 
the great movements of that most eventful period 
of the nation's history, there was not raised a 
breath of suspicion as to the integrity of his con- 
duct. In it all and through it all he maintained 
the Christian character which he took with him 
into public life. In August, 1877, he was ap- 
pointed U. S. collector of internal revenue for 
nine counties of Central and Western New York, 
which office he now honorably fills. Though so 
fully occupied with duties of a political and public 
character, he is a most active and consistent mem- 
ber of the Lockport Baptist church, whose interests, 
material and spiritual, he has faithfully served 
since he became a member, in 1870. 

Vanhom, Rev. William, was born in Bucks 
Co., Pa., July 8, 1747. After graduating in the 
academy of Dr. Samuel Jones, at Lower Dublin, 
he became pastor of the Southampton Baptist 
church in May, 1772. During the Revolutionary 
war he was a chaplain in the army, encouraging 
the heroes who fought against tyranny, hunger, 
and cold, and sharing with them their greatest 
dangers and most gi-ievous hardships. 

He was pastor of the Southampton church for 
thirteen years. He was twenty-two years pastor 
of the Scotch Plains church, N. J. On his way to 
a new home in Ohio he was seized with a fatal 
illness in Pittsburgh, where he died Oct. 31, 1807. 

Mr. Vanhorn was well known and greatly es- 
teemed by the Baptists of Pennsylvania and New 
Jersey, and in the armies of the patriots. He 
lived for the Saviour, and he died in peace. 

Van Husan, Hon. Caleb, of Detroit, Mich., was 

born in Manchester, Ontario Co., N. Y., March 13, 
1815. By the death of his mother, when he was thir- 
teen years old, his home was broken up, and he left 
his native place to seek his fortune. At the age of 
fourteen he was baptized by Rev. Eleazer Savage, 
in Knowlesville, N. Y. At twenty he entered upon 
a business career, and the next year was married 
to Miss Catherine Jackson. In 1838 he removed 
to Michigan and established himself in business 
in Saline, where he was a successful merchant 
until 1853, when he removed to Detroit. He has 
been for many years president of the Detroit Fire 
and Marine Insurance Company. 

From his coming to Michigan he has been 
known as an intelligent and efficient friend of 
every enterprise contemplating the advancement of 
the Christian church. One of the original mem- 



bers of the Lafayette Street church in Detroit, he 
has been one of its deacons from its organization. 
As a trustee of Kalamazoo College, and for several 
years its treasurer, as a trustee of Madison Uni- 
versity, as a member of the State Convention 




HON. CALEB VAN HUSAN. 

board, as vice-president of the American Baptist 
Missionary Union, and as a generous and cheerful 
contributor to every department of Christian work, 
he has been for many years an acknowledged leader 
of the Baptists of Michigan. Mrs. Van Husan, to 
whom he was married in 1866, is the daughter of 
Rev. David Corwin, and is a special friend and 
supporter of all our missionary enterprises. 

Van Meter, A. W., was born at Elizabeth- 
town, Hardin Co., Ky., April 1, 1789. He died 
at the residence of his son, E. A. Van Meter, 
Esq., of Burlington, Iowa, Nov. 11, 1868, at the 
age of seventy-nine years. Mr. Van Meter shared 
with his father the hardships of frontier life 
in Kentucky, with exposure especially to Indian 
attack. " Often, when going to their religious 
meetings, they carried their rifles and large knives 
for protection." In 1831, at the age of forty-two, 
he removed with his family to Washington, Taze- 
well Co., 111. Here again he found a new country. 
The Indians had but recently left it, and settlers 
were few, though rapidly arriving. " For a long 
time he could hear of no Baptist in that part of 
the country, the nearest church being at Spring- 
field, seventy miles south." Mr. Van Meter im- 
mediately made himself known as a Christian and 
a Baptist, and in 1833 united with others in form- 



VAN METER 



1188 



VARBEN 



ing the Pleasant Grove church, fourteen miles 
from his home. Of the subsequent growth of the 
denomination in the central portions of the State 
he was one of the chief instruments. He made 
himself conspicuous as a missionary Baptist at a 
time when this was almost a name of reproach, 
and was among the foremost in the formation of 
Associations in Central Illinois, and in other forms 
of organic enterprise. He was much a sufferer in 
the last years of his life, yet in his suifering, as in 
his serving, he was still an example of Christian 
fidelity, patience, and trust. His surviving sons, 
Rev. W. C. Van Meter, Edward A. Van Meter, and 
Jacob H. Van Meter, have honored his memory in 
their lives of useful service. One of his daughters, 
wife of Rev. H. G. Weston, then of Peoria, now 
president of Crozer Theological Seminary, was, 
upon her death in 1857, fitly represented as " a 
lady of great worth and devoted piety." 

Van Meter, Rev. W. C, was born near Eliza- 
bethtown, Hardin Co., Ky., Feb. 13, 1820. When 
he was eleven years of age the family removed to 
Illinois, where his father, Deacon A. W. Van Meter, 
became conspicuous as an active Baptist and a friend 
of missions. The son was converted at the age of 
thirteen, and united with the Pleasant Grove church, 
now Tremont. In 1837 he entered Shurtleflf College, 
where he remained a year. It was the time of the 
great abolition excitement in' that quarter, result- 
ing in the death of Rev. E. P. Lovejoy at Alton, at 
the hands of a mob. Mr. Van Meter was one of 
fourteen young men who pledged themselves to de- 
fend Mr. Lovejoy, and who carried him home after 
he was killed. After a year at ShurtlefiF he went 
to Granville College, 0., where he remained until 
1843. Upon leaving college he returned to Ken- 
tucky, teacliing and preaching in that State and in 
Illinois until 1854, when he removed to New York 
City and began his important work there, first in 
connection with the Five Points Mission. In May, 
1855, he took, as an experiment, his first company 
of homeless children to Illinois, eighteen in num- 
ber. This he continued until 1872, visiting the 
West within that period about seventy times, and 
providing homes in this way for between two and 
three thousand children. They were not inden- 
tured, but committed to the honor and tenderness 
of those who received them. In June, 1861, he 
founded the Howard Mission, or Home for Little 
Wanderers, in the Fourth Ward, connecting this 
with the work before described. In February, 
1877, he was appointed by the Publication So- 
ciety to begin a mission at Rome. In 1878, the so- 
ciety not wishing to continue its appropriations, 
Mr. Van Meter, under a new organization, the 
Italian Bible and Sunday-School Mission, resumed 
it upon a new basis. In Rome the mission has five 
schools, — for boys, for girls, for infants, a night 



school for young men, and a school among the 
Jews. It also sustains a teacher in Naples and 
one in Milan. Mr. Van Meter has warm support- 
ers in vai-ious denominations in this country and 
in England, and prosecutes his work with an en- 
thusiasm that wins friends to the cause wherever 
he goes. He has recently retired from the Roman 
Mission, and resumed his former benevolent labors 
in New York. 

Vann, E.ev. R. T., graduated at Wake Forest 
College in 1874; spent two years at the Southern 
Baptist Theological Seminary, and is now pastor 
at Enfield, N. C. He is an accomplished scholar 
and a popular preacher. 

Vardeman, Rev. Jeremiah, was born in Ken- 
tucky in 1775 ; ordained about 1801. In 1810 he 
preached at Davis' Fork, Sulbegrud, and Grassy 
Lick churches. lie had extensive revivals in these 
churches. In 1815 he organized a church in Bards- 
town, Ky., the stronghold of Catholicism, and from 
a revival which he conducted. In 1816 he held a 
meeting in Lexington, Ky., and organized a church ; 
also the same year, through a revival meeting in 
Louisville, Ky., he formed a church. He visited 
Nashville, Tenn., and had a powerful meeting there, 
at the close of which he constituted a church, and 
a house of worship was built. In 1828 he had a 
gracious revival in Cincinnati, in which over one 
liundred were converted. In 1830 he removed to 
Missouri. He and Spencer Black organized the 
Baptist church in Palmyra, Mo. In 1834 he pre- 
sided at the first meeting held by Baptists in Mis- 
soui'i for general missionary work, now the General 
Association. When age was creeping upon him, he 
visited Sulphur Springs for his health ; during his 
visit he preached, seated in a chair, with pathos 
and power, and administei-ed baptism for the last 
time. 

It is supposed that he baptized more than 8000 
persons. He was a very eloquent preacher. On 
Saturday morning. May 8, 1842, he called his 
family to him, bade them farewell, and sank in 
death like a child falling asleep, in the sixty- 
seventh year of his age. Labors and successes have 
made his name immortal. 

Vardeman, Rev. William H., was born in Fa- 
yette Co., Ky., in 1816 ; came with his father, Jere- 
miah Vardeman, to Missouri in 1830. He was bap- 
tized, in 1 833, by his father. He was ordained in 1845. 
His labors have been abundantly blessed in the 
conversion of great numbers in Ralls, Montgomery, 
and Pike Counties. He has been pastor at Pleas- 
ant Hill church for twenty-seven years. 

Varden, George, D.D., LL.D., an eminent 
linguist and classical scholar, was born at East 
Dereham, County of Norfolk, England, Dec. 9, 1830. 
He was brought up in the Church of England, but, 
while attending an academy, experienced a change 



VARNVM 



1189 



VASSAR 



of heart, and was baptized into the fellowship of a 
Baptist church. At the age of eighteen he was li- 
censed to preach, and soon afterwards came to the 
United States. After traveling in this country 
about two years, he entered Georgetown College, 
Ky., where he graduated in 1858. He was imme- 
diately ordained, and became the pastor of the Bap- 
tist church in Paris, Ky., where he still resides. 
He has been pastor, at different periods, of the 
churches at Colemansville, Florence, Falmouth, and 
Maysville. He has also taught a classical school 
at Paris. He is an enthusiastic student, has writ- 
ten much for the periodical press, both of this 
country and Europe, and is the author of prize 
essays on various subjects, and critical reviews of 
works in English, Latin, German, Dutch, and 
French." He was for a time an acknowledged con- 
tributor to the Eiicydopcedia Theologica et Eccle- 
siasiica. He has attained a reputation for critical 
scholarship in Europe as well as America. 

Varnum, General Joseph Bradley, a brother 
of Gen. J. M. Varnum, was born in Dracut, Mass., 
about the year 1750. Like his brother he was 
distinguished for his patriotism; and the ardor 
with which he entered into the stirring scenes of 
the Revolutionary war. He was chosen a member 
of Congress upon the adoption of the Constitution, 
and held the ofiBce for twelve years, during four of 
which he was Speaker of the House of Representa- 
tives. He was chosen Senator of the United States 
in 1811. He was a member also of three Massa- 
chusetts State conventions. Besides these civil 
offices he was elected to several high military 
.posts, and at the time of his death he was major- 
general of the third division of the militia of Mas- 
sachusetts. ''In all the offices he sustained. Gen. 
Varnum exhibited an assiduity which never tired, 
and an integrity above suspicion." For reasons, 
which doubtless seemed valid to himself, he did not 
make a profession of his faith until July 11, 1819, 
when he was baptized, with his wife, by Rev. C. 0. 
Kimball, and joined the church in Methuen, Mass. 
Soon after his baptism a Baptist church was formed 
in Dracut, of which he was one of the constituent 
members. He continued an active member of the 
church to the time of his death, which occurred 
Sept. 11, 1821. "In the death of this good man," 
says a writer in noticing the death of Gen. Varnum, 
" liberty has lost one of its ablest defenders, and 
the cause of Christianity a firm friend and sup- 
porter." 

Vass, Rev. J. L., is a native of Monroe Co., 
Va. He was born April 1, 1840. He was con- 
verted when about ten years of age, and baptized 
some two years later. How many of our really 
useful men are converted early ! Soon after his 
baptism he began to lead in prayer-meetings. His 
college course was interrupted by the war, through 



which he served as a private for two years, and as 
an officer afterwards to its close. He then resumed 
study in Richmond College, and subsequently went 
to the theological seminary. 

He located as pastor of the Spartanburg Baptist 
church, S. C, on leaving the seminary, and re- 
peated efforts to induce him to leave the church of 
his first love have thus far failed. 

The church has grown rapidly in numbers, ac- 
tivity, and piety under his care. He has in a high 
degree the first quality of success in any sphere of 
life. He is a persistent and judicious worker. 

Vassar College, an institution for the liberal 
education of young women, located in Poughkeep- 
sie, N. Y., was founded and endowed by Matthew 
Vassar, at an expense to him of more than $700,000. 
It is the first grand completely endowed college for 
young women ever projected. Although Mr. Vas- 
sar was a Baptist, and although the president and 
a majority of the board of trustees of the college are 
Baptists, it is in no sense a sectarian institution. 
The main edifice is almost 500 feet long and 200 
feet wide. The centre buildings and wings are five 
stories high and the connecting portions four. It 
has accommodations for 400 students, rooms for 
recitations, lectures, instruction in music and paint- 
ing, a chapel, dining-hall, parlors, a library-room, 
an art-gallery, rooms for philosophical apparatus, 
laboratories, cabinets of natural history, apartments 
for the officers of the institution, and for the ser- 
vants employed in it. It has a completely fur- 
nished observatory, a spacious gymnasium, with 
rooms for a riding-school, bowling-alley, and cal- 
isthenics. Its grounds are spacious, handsomely 
planned, and elegantly, adorned. The success of 
the enterprise has justified the large outlay of 
money to inaugurate it, and it fully meets the ex- 
pectations of its friends. (See cut on next page.) 

S. L. Caldwell, D.D., is its present president. 

Vassar, Rev. D. N., A.M., was bom in Bedford 
Co., Va., Dec. 5, 1847. He was baptized in 1868, 
and entered the Richmond Institute the same year. 
After a three years' preliminary course here he en- 
tered the grammar-school of Madison University, 
and was graduated from the college in 1877 as 
Bachelor of Arts. Immediately after he was 
elected Professor of Mathematics in Richmond In- 
stitute, where he is doing good service in the cause 
of higher education. He has consecrated his life 
to the work of elevating the colored race morally 
and intellectually. Prof. Vassar received from 
Madison University, in 1880, the degree of Master 
of Arts. 

Vassar, Matthew, was born in East Dereham, 
in the county of Norfolk, England, April 29, 1792. 
His ancestors were from France, and the name was 
spelled Vasseur. One of the Levasseurs accom- 
panied Lafayette to America as his secretary. His 



VASSAB 



1190 



VAUGHAN 



parents were Baptists. In 1796 they came to 
America and settled in Poughkeepsie. Soon they 
commenced the manufacture of "home-brewed 
ale," which grew into the great establishment known 
as Vassar's brewery. The son Matthew was averse 
to the business, and commenced to learn another, 
when his father's establishment was burned, his 
brother was killed in trying to save some of the 
property, and he resolved to aid his parents to re- 
vive the business. Thus he commenced a business 
which he pursued for more than fifty years. In 



was ordained in the city of his birth when at the 
age of twenty-two. He was called to Amenia in 
1857, where he remained eight years. He had one 
year's leave of absence for service in the field as 
chaplain of the 150th Regiment of N. Y. Vols. 
The regiment was attached to the Army of the 
Potomac, and he was with it in several battles, 
including Gettysburg. He became pastor of the 
First church of Lynn, Mass., in 1865 ; then of 
Flemington in 1872. Mr. Vassar is a popular 
preacher, a brilliant lecturer, a good organizer, and 




VASSAR COLLEGE. 



1845 he, with his wife, visited Europe, and then 
conceived the plan of devoting his great wealth to 
the common welfare. After long contemplation he 
resolved to found a first-class college for young 
women, complete in all its appointments, and well 
endowed. Being a Baptist in principle, he put it 
under Baptist control, but arranged that it should 
not be denominational in its teaching or manage- 
ment. In his address at the organization of the 
board he said, "All sectarian influences should be 
carefully excluded, but the training of our students 
should never be intrusted to the skeptical, the irre- 
ligious, or the immoral." This munificent gift to 
the cause of higher education amounts to more than 
$700,000. He died on commencement-day while 
reading his annual address, June 23, 1868. 

Vassar, Rev. Thomas Edwin, was born at 
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Dec. 3, 1834. He was early 
converted, and joined the church there. He pursued 
theological studies with Dr. Rufus Babcock, and 



a genial man. His life of his relative, John Vas- 
sar, gathers interest not only from the worth of 
its subject but from the attractive style of the au- 
thor. "When Dr. Smith resigned the secretaryship 
of the State Convention, Mr. Vassar was sponta- 
neously chosen as his successor, and he is ably fill- 
ing the place. 

Vaughan, Rev. E. L., was bom in Carroll Co., 
Va., Jan. 26, 1845, and was left an orphan at an 
early age. Though only sixteen at the opening of 
our civil war, he enlisted in the army and served 
until its close. He was converted in the army 
during the year 1862, and began to preach in 1874. 
He was ordained at Macon, Ga., in 1876, studied 
one term in the Southern Baptist Theological Sem- 
inary, and then entered upon a useful and laborious 
career as a missionary of the State Mission Board. 
He is an exceedingly zealous, faithful, and hard- 
working minister of the gospel. 

Vaughan, Henry, was born at St. Martin's, 



VAUGHAN 



1191 



VAUGHAN 



New Brunswick, where, in 1828, he was converted 
and baptized under the ministry of Rev. Mr. Coy. 
He is now a member of Germain Street Baptist 
church, St. John, Xew Brunswick. He is a wealthy 
ship-owner in that city, and contributes liberally to 
the support of the church and to denominational 
enterprises. 

Vanghan, Rev. Henry, son of Simon Yaughan, 
of St. Martin's, New Brunswick, was converted 
and baptized at Wolfville, Xova Scotia. lie was a 
graduate of Acadia College, and studied theology 
at Newton. He was ordained pastor of the Bap- 
tist church at St. George, New Brunswick. Jan. 8, 
1862, and in 1863 took charge of the Germain 
Street Baptist church, St. John, New Brunswick. 
He died Aug. 12, 1864, deeply lamented by his 
brethren in the provinces. 

Vaughan, E.ev. Howell, was a native of Wales, 
and a minister of the Baptist denomination. In 1633 
a Baptist church was formed at 01chron,in "Wales, 
of which Mr. Vaughan was first a member, and 
afterwards the pastor. He was among the earliest 
of our brethren in modern times to preach the gos- 
pel to his countrymen. He signed the minutes of 
the meeting of the Ministerial Association which 
met at Abergavenny in 1653. 

Vaughan, Rev. Thomas M., son of Rev. Wil- 
liam Yaughan, D.D., was born in Mason Co., Ky., 
June 11, 1825. He was educated with much care 
under several teachers. He finished his literary 
education at Georgetown College in 1846. He then 
entered upon the study of law, and was admitted 
to the bar in 1847. He established himself in the 
practice of his profession in Yersailles, Ky. He 
soon acquired a good reputation as a lawyer, and 
for a short time acted in the capacity of circuit 
judge. But the strong conviction of duty to 
preach the gospel, which he had felt in his youth, 
returned with such force that, in 1854, he resolved 
to abandon the law and give himself to the minis- 
try. He was licensed to preach in February, 1855, 
and ordained to the pastorate of Burk's Branch 
church in Shelby Co., Ky., the following Septem- 
ber. The next year he accepted the care of Clay 
Village church, in the same county. He ministered 
to these churches until 1858, when he was called 
to the First Baptist church in Bowling Green, 
where he succeeded Dr. J. M. Pendleton. In 1861 
he returned to Shelby County and took charge of 
Simpsonville church. There he remained nearly 
ten years, taking rank with the best preachers of 
the State. While here he supplied at different 
periods the churches at Buck Creek, Salem, and 
Lawrenceburg. In December. 1870, he accepted a 
call to the church at Danville, where he still re- 
mains. In 1878 he wrote and published the life 
of his father, which was favorably received. 

Vaughan, "William, D.D., an eminent minister 



of the gospel in Kentucky, was born in Westmore- 
land Co., Pa., Feb. 22, 1785. His parents removed 
to Kentucky when he was about three years old, 
and his youth was spent in the wilderness of the 




WILLIAM TArCHAX, D.D. 

great Southwest. Upon arriving at manhood he 
manifested a strong logical mind and great fondness 
for study. He adopted a mechanical pursuit, and 
having married, located in Winchester, Ky. He 
procured the writings of Paine, Volney, and Vol- 
taire, professed himself a deist, and united with 
an infidel club. About three years after this, in 
1810, he was converted to Christ, and became a 
member of a Baptist church in Clark Co., Ky. 
Was licensed to preach in 1811, ordained in 1812, 
and, applying himself to study with great indus- 
try, made rapid advancement, and became not 
only a good English scholar, but possessed con- 
siderable attainments in the Greek language and 
literature. Soon after his ordination he settled in 
Mason County, where he preached to several 
churches, and taught school about fifteen years. 
In J827 he removed to Ohio, where he remained 
one year, and returned to Kentucky. He was 
now brought into conflict with the disciples of 
Campbell, who were making many proselytes. 
Being the only minister in Kentucky at that time 
who was able to grapple successfully with the ad- 
herents of the new doctrine, he was encouraged by 
the churches to defend their principles against the 
assaults of Mr. Campbell, and devoted himself 
with great energy and extraordinary ability to this 
work. In 1831 he accepted the appointment of 



VAUGHAN 



1192 



VA WTEB 



general agent for the American Sunday-school 
Union, and continued in its employment two and a 
half years, in the face of considerable opposition, 
establishing about a hundred schools. In 1835 he 
accepted the position of general agent for Kentucky 
for the American Bible Society. Six months afcer- 
wards the Baptists withdrew from the society, and 
he resigned. In 1836 he accepted a call to the 
pastorate of Bloomfield church in Nelson County. 
Here, as elsewhere, he was held in high esteem. 
He preached to Bloomfield church thirty-two years. 
In 1868, in consequence of an injury received by 
a fall, he resigned his pastoral charge, in his 
eighty-fourth year, but continued to be a close 
student, j^nd to preach as his strength would serve 
him, until he was over ninety-two years of age. 
It is probable that no minister in Kentucky^ was 
ever more universally loved and honored. He died 
March 31, 1877. 

Vaughan, Wm. B,., A.M., M.D„ principal of 
the Gordonsville Female Institute, was born in Eliz- 
abeth City Co., Va., in 1827. The earlier part of 
his education was obtained at Hampton Academy 
and at the Columbian College, after which he was 
graduated at William and Mary College. After 
having graduated in medicine also, at the Virginia 
Medical College, Richmond, he took a course of 
lectures in the Univei'sity of Pennsylvania, and 
soon after entered upon an extensive and lucrative 
practice. He was baptized, in 1848, by Dr. Jeter, 
and became a member of the First church, Rich- 
mond. Early in the war. Dr. Vaughan was selected 
as one of Gen. Magruder's personal staff at York- 
town, and served with great bravery and efficiency. 
In August of 1861 he was appointed full surgeon 
with the rank of major; resigned, and took a 
cavalry command, which, owing to ill health, he 
also resigned in June of 1862. In 1864 he was 
placed in command of the general hospital at 
Petersburg, where he did noble service, and was 
acknowledged to be one of the most skillful sur- 
geons in the Confederate service. After the close 
of the war, Dr. Vaughan pursued his medical pro- 
fession with eminent success. He has always been 
deeply interested in Sunday-school work and edu- 
cational movements. As a Sunday-school organizer 
he has but few equals, while as a Sunday-school 
teacher, superintendent, and lecturer he has been 
very successful. In 1869 he was invited to take 
charge of the Bristol Female College, Tenn., where 
he remained one session, and then accepted the 
position of principal of the Culpeper Institute, 
Va., where he built up in a short time one of the 
most flourishing female seminaries in the State. 
At the earnest solicitation of many friends and 
prominent gentlemen, Dr. Vaughan opened a 
school of high grade for young ladies at Gordons- 
ville, where he is putting on solid foundations one 



of the best institutions of the kind in Virginia. 
Had Dr. Vaughan's health permitted him to remain 
in the practice of his profession, he would easily 
have acquired distinction and wealth. As a teacher, 
he is enthusiastic and instructive, winning the at- 
tention and love of all who come under his care. 
His labors as a Christian layman are numerous 
and successful, being specially interested in efforts 
to develop a higher education, sanctified by divine 
truth. As a writer, he is vigorous and instructive, 
being thoroughly familiar with the many and 
varied questions that touch upon science and re- 
ligion. He is a frequent contributor to the press, 
both secular and religious. His varied stores of 
information make him a most interesting conver- 
sationalist, and his genial social qualities render 
him a most companionable co-laborer in the dif- 
ferent fields of Christian, literary, and scientific 
activity in which he is so usefully enlisted. Colum- 
bian University conferred the honorary degree of 
A.M. on Dr. Vaughan in 1881. 

Vawter, Rev. Jesse, was born in Culpeper 
Co., Va., Dec. 1, 1755. He was converted in 1774, 
and joined the Rapidan Baptist church. In 1781 
he was drafted as a soldier for a few months. In 
1790 he removed to Kentucky, and in 1806 to In- 
diana. He was ordained in 1800. Among other 
utterances on " a call to the ministry" we record 
this, written by his own pen : " But I do believe 
the best evidence a man can have that it is his duty 
to preach is the voice of his brethren, for no man 
is a proper judge of himself; he will judge too 
high or too low of his own performances." He 
helped to constitute twelve churches and three 
Associations. He was regarded as a father in all 
Southern Indiana; from his judgment in matters 
of doctrine or polity there was no disposition to 
dissent. His four sons — John, "William, Achilles, 
and James — were all prominent men in the church. 
They were all Baptists. He died March 20, 1838. 

Vawter, Rev. John, oldest son of Jesse and 
Elizabeth Vawter, was born Jan. 8, 1782, in Madi- 
son Co., Va. His father removed to Kentucky in 
1790. Ten years afterwards his son made a public 
profession of faith in Christ, and joined a Baptist 
church near Frankfort. In 1807 he removed across 
the Ohio into Indiana, and built a house in the 
forest, where North Madison now stands. He 
here joined the Mount Pleasant church. He was 
the first magistrate of Madison. He was appointed 
sheriff of Jefferson and Clarke Counties. President 
Madison appointed him U. S. marshal for Indiana. 
In 1815 he removed farther north, and began the 
building of a town, which he called Vernon. In 
1816 he and seven others formed the Vernon Bap- 
tist church. In May, 1821, he Avas ordained to the 
ministry. In 1831 he was elected to a seat in the 
lower house of the State Legislature, and in 1836 



VEAZY 



1193 



VERMONT 



was sent to the State senate. He was colonel of 
militia from 1817 to 1821. He was also a vice- 
president of the convention that nominated Presi- 
dent Taylor. He was an acknowledged leader 
among the Baptists of his State, having been fore- 




REV. JOHN VAfl'TER. 

most in the organization of many churches and 
Associations. His heart swelled with the desire 
of liberty for mankind. He never concealed his 
sympathy for the enslaved race. In 1848 he re- 
moved to Morgantown, where he formed a church, 
and labored till his death. He was straightfor- 
ward and positive. He had a kind heart, and was 
very thoughtful of the happiness of others. He 
never concealed his hatred of tobacco. He died at 
his home in Morgantown, Aug. 17, 1872. 

Veazy, Deacon John, the contemporary and 
fellow-laborer of Jesse Mercer, was born in North 
Carolina, March 29, 1769. He came to Oeorgia in 
his youth, in company with his parents, and, not 
long afterwards, was baptized by Silas Mercer, and 
received into the Powelton church, Hancock Co., 
of which church he remained a member until his 
death. He developed into a Christian of rare ex- 
cellence and usefulness. 

He entered into the missionary enterprise with 
all his heart, and stood side by side with those 
who formed the first missionary society in the 
State. The fast friend of all the benevolent opera- 
tions of his day, he was particularly zealous in the 
distribution of tracts throughout his neighborhood. 
While taking a deep interest in the cause of Christ 
generally, the welfare of the old Powelton church 
76 



lay especially near his heart, and, during the 
period of its greatest prosperity, he took the lead 
in every good word and work. He died Nov. 8, 
1847, in the seventy-ninth year of his age. His 
name is yet a household word in Hancock County. 
Venable, Rev. R. A., pastor at Helena, Ark., 
was born in Georgia, but reared in Arkansas. He 
was educated at Mississippi College, where he grad- 
uated with the first honors of his class in 1876. 
After his graduation he took charge of the high 
school at Eldorado, Ark., for two years. He was 
then called to Okalona, Miss., where he remained 
two years. He entered his present important field 
in the beginning of the present year (1880). Mr. 
Venable is a fine scholar, an eloquent preacher, and 
a sound theologian, and is fast taking a prominent 
position among the rising young men in the South. 

Vermont Baptists, — In 1768 the first Baptist 
church in what is now the State of Vermont was 
formed in the town of Shaftsbury. It arose out 
of the New-Light movement, and in 1788 it had 
become the mother of three other churches in the 
same town. The second church in Vermont was 
organized in the town of Pownal in 1773. These 
two towns were the seats (cathedrce) of Baptist in- 
fluence and missionary efibrt for a considerable 
period in Vermont. Towards the close of the 
Revolutionary war the county of Windsor in- 
creased rapidly in population, and with the new 
residents several Baptist ministers found their way 
to that section of Vermont. A church was formed 
in Woodstock in 1780, of which Rev. Elisha Ran- 
som became pastor. Between 1780 and 1790 there 
were thirty-two churches established in Vermont, 
making with the five previously formed thirty-seven 
churches, in which there were 28 ordained minis- 
ters and 1600 communicants. This was a time of 
great zeal, prayer, and effort, and the blessing of 
God descended in great power upon the struggling 
Baptist communities of the Green Mountain State. 

The Baptists suffered severely from the tyranny 
of the "standing order" at this period in Vermont, 
and it was only after years of persistent labor that 
the disabilities under which they groaned were re- 
moved, and the complete separation of Church and 
State was accomplished. 

The Shaftsbui'y, the first Baptist Association, 
was established in 1780 ; of the five churches com- 
posing it, two belonged to Vermont and three to 
New York and Massachusetts. The Woodstock 
Association was organized in 1783 from churches 
located in Vermont and in New Hampshire. The 
church of Canaan, of which Dr. Thomas Baldwin, 
subsequently of Boston, was pastor, was one of 
the constituent members of this Association. The 
celebrated Aaron Leland, lieutenant-governor of 
Vermont, was one of the early ministers of the 
Woodstock Association. The Vermont Association 



VERY 



VINCE 



■was formed in 1785 of five churches. There are 
seven Associations in the State, the lar.frest of which 
is the Lamoille, and the smallest the Vermont Cen- 
tral. In these seven Associations there are 114 
churches, 79 pastors, and 9870 members. There 
are 101 Baptist Sunday-schools in the State, with 
1162 officers and teachers, and 9291 scholars. 
During the year $6563.73 were given fur benevo- 
lent objects. While many of the churches are 
weak, owing to removals to the West, others are 
enjoying encouraging prosperity. 

The Baptist Convention was organized in 1825, 
and has rendered blessed service in spreading the 
gospel in Vermont. Its officers in 1880 were. Presi- 
dent, Rev. D. Spencer ; Vice-Presidents. Rev. M. A. 
Wilcox, Col. J. J. Estey ; Secretary, Rev. W. H. 
Rugg; Treasurer, Gen. George F. Davis. Vermont 
has also a Baptist Historical Society and a Baptist 
Sabbath-School Convention. 

Vermont Baptists have been the warm friends 
of education ; they aided Hamilton, and they have 
sustained academies among themselves with great 
liberality. They have placed a number of distin- 
guished men in the governor's chair and in other 
secular positions, as well as in the ministry; and 
they have given to sister States some of our finest 
scholars, most distinguished educators, and ablest 
preachers. 

Very, Rev. Edward D., A.M., was bom in 

Salem, Mass.; graduated from Dartmouth College; 
ordained pastor at Calais, Me.; became pastor at 
Portland and at St. John, New Brunswick, De- 
cember, 1846 : he was the founder of the Christian 
Visitor, commenced in 1847, and continued its 
editor until his death, June 7, 1852, which occurred 
in returning from a geological expedition to Cape 
Blomedon. Mr. Very, Prof. Chipman, and four 
students of Acadia College were drowned in the 
Basin of Mines. The Portland church and the 
denomination were sadly bereaved. Mr. Very 
was a sound theologian, an able preacher, a good 
counselor, and an excellent writer. 

Videto, Rev. Nathaniel, was born in Annapo- 
lis Co., Nova Scotia; was converted and baptized 
in 1828 ; was ordained successor to the Rev. Thomas 
Ainslie in the pastorate of the Baptist church, Wil- 
mot. Nova Scotia, May 10, 1832, and continued in 
that office for forty years, during which time large 
additions were made to the membership of the 
church. Mr. Videto is a powerful advocate of 
temperance and prohibition. 

Vince, Rev. Charles, was born in the small town 
of Farnham, in Surrey, England, in 1823. In his 
youth he diligently improved his mind by study 
and extensive reading. Reared among the Congre- 
gationalists, he becrane convinced of the Scriptural 
authority of believers' immersion, and was bap- 
tized. When he began to preach in the neighbor- 



ing villages he leaped at once into popularity. In 
1848, at the age of twenty-five, he entered Stepney 
College, and at the end of his course accepted a 
call to the pastorate of the Graham Street church, 
Birmingham. The church met in a large building 
known as Mount Zion chapel. The congregation 




REV. CHARI.ES VINCE. 

was small, and the debt on the building was a 
heavy burden. But the young pastor showed that 
he was equal to the situation. The spacious chapel 
soon became filled with hearers, and every good 
work was vigorously prosecuted by his people, 
led and animated })y their large-hearted and saga- 
cious pastor. His sterling common sense and prac- 
tical wisdom were as conspicuous as his oratorical 
powers, whilst his simple piety and brotherly 
affection won the hearts of all who came into per- 
sonal contact with him. In all the midland dis- 
trict of England he was by common consent looked 
up to as the bishop of the Baptists. His course 
was one of unbroken harmony with his people, and 
it was brilliantly successful. He was greatly sought 
after for extraordinary services, and, so far as he 
was able, he held himself ready to serve every good 
cause. The London May meetings' programme was 
scai'cely ever published during the last ten or twelve 
years of his life without his name in the list for a 
sermon or a speech. As a preacher, Mr. Vince 
early attained a standard nearly approaching the 
general ideal of perfection. The common people 
heard him gladly, while the cultured and refined 
always found interest and instruction. His illus- 
trations were generally Biblical, and he was re- 



VIRGINIA 



1195 



VIRGINIA 



m.irkably fond of Bunyan's vivid imagery and 
quaint humor. For several years the great city 
of Birmingham regarded Charles Vince as one 
of her chief champions of civil and religious lib- 
erty, and an able leader and counselor in all phil- 
anthropic enterprises. On the school board and on 
the board of guardians of the poor, in the great 
gatherings of citizens in the town-hall, Mr. Vince 
was always to be depended on for wisdom not less 
than eloquence. He was, indeed, a public man of 
the noblest mould. How well he served the com- 
munity in the esteem of his fellow-citizens was tes- 
tified at his funeral by the representatives of all 
classes and parties and sects. The chief magistrate 
of Birmingham, and deputations from all the pub- 
lic bodies, the ministers of the various Noncon- 
formist churches, several of the Established clergy, 
the Jewish rabbi, and one of the dignitaries of the 
Roman Catholic Church, assembled around the 
grave to express not only their personal respect, 
but the universal sense of an irreparable loss. 
Baptists from all parts of the country were like- 
wise present to mourn with their bereaved brethren 
of the neighborhood. In the very prime of his 
powers and reputation, only fifty-one years of age, 
he died Oct. 22, 1874. His end was peace. The 
doctrine of the Cross, which had ever been promi- 
nent in his preaching, was dear to him in death. 
Among his last articulate utterances was heard 
the words, — 

" Kock of ages, cleft for me, 
Let me hide myself in thee." 

Virginia, The Baptist General Association 

of. — The first General Assemblies of Baptists in 
this State were called Yearly Meetings. These 
were mass-meetings for v\'orship and conference, 
usually held in May and October, and began as 
early a^ 1750. When, from denominational gi-owth, 
they became inconvenient, District Associations 
were formed composed of delegates from churches. 
The first District Association composed wholly of 
Virginia Baptist churches was the Ketockton, or- 
ganized Aug. 19, 1766. It comprised four churches, 
three of which had been dismissed from the Phila- 
delphia Association in 1765 for this purpose. May 
11, 1771, at Craig's meeting-house, in Orange 
County, twelve churches formed the General As- 
sociation of Separate Baptists in Virginia, called 
also Rapidan Association. At its meeting in 1775 
it included sixty churches. 

Severe persecutions caused vigorous efibrts to 
secure religious liberty. A general combination 
of Baptists became necessary, and they organized, 
Oct. 9, 1784, a General Committee composed of del- 
egates from District Associations. This continued 
until May, 1800, when the General Meeting of 
Correspondence was formed, with composition and 
objects similar to those of the General Committee. 



When security of conscience, worship, and privi- 
leges had become assured by law, the churches 
turned to missions and other general work. The 
conceptionof a General Association for missionary, 

j educational, Bible, Sunday-school, and other enter- 
prises originated in a conversation between the 

1 Rev. James Fife and the Rev. Edward Baptist, and 
on June 7, 1823, the Baptist General Association 

; of Virginia was formed at a meeting held in the 
Second Baptist church in Richmond, Va. Fifteen 

j delegates and a few visitors were present, none of 



j whom survive. Robert B. Semple was the first 

I moderator. Wm. Todd was clerk. Robert B. 

Semple preached the introductory sermon. There 

j were then in the State 20 District Associations 

I with about 40,000 members, white and colored. 

; The first missionaries of the General Association 

were Daniel Witt and Jeremiah Bell Jeter. The 

General Association gradually secured the co-oper- 

I ation of all the Baptists in the State except a small 

I number opposed to " modern societies," and calling 

I themselves " Old-School Baptists." Tiie growth 

j of the General Association has been regular and 

' rapid; its sessions have been always well attended 

and harmonious, its supporters zealous and liberal, 

I and its work greatly blessed. At the semi-centen- 

j nial meeting held with the Second Baptist church 

I in Richmond, Va., it had 137 life-members, of 

! whom 62 were present. There were present over 

1000 delegates, and 100 visitors from other States 

or general organizations. 

The General Association is composed of life- 
members, made such on payment of $200 to its 
objects, and annual members contributing $25 
yearly, or delegates from contributing churches, 
societies, etc. Each member must be " an orderly 
member of some regular Baptist church." It has 
a president, four vice-presidents, a treasurer, a sec- 
retary and assistants, a statistical secretary, and 
five boards, which administer its plans and work, 
and which report annually. Its boards are State, 
foreign and home missions, education and Sunday- 
school and Bible. It has a Ministers' Relief and 
an Historical Society. All business is transacted 
in Associational sessions and not by (he separate 
" Society" system. The annual receipts have risen 
to the aggregate of over $24,000, which includes 
only what passes through its own treasury. It 
employs 44 State missionaries. Since 1863 the 
colored Baptists have formed and maintained sepa- 
rate organizations in Virginia. The General Asso- 
ciation includes 22 District Associations, comprising 
677 churches, 379 ministers, and 66,715 members. 
In the whole State there are 32 Associations, 1346 
churches, 718 ministers, and 207,559 members. In 
1832 the Education Society founded the Vii-ginia 
Baptist Seminary, which became, in 1843, Rich- 
mond College. It has educated for the ministry 



VIRGINIA 



1196 



rOGELL 



about 300 young men. A very large part of the 
Baptist churches in Virginia, and most of those in 
West Virginia, were organized through the labors 
of the missionaries of the General Association, the 
efficient secretary of its State Mission Board, the 
Hon. Henry K. Ellyson, having for many years 
zealously performed his labors without pecuniary 
reward. 

Among the officers and members of the General 
Association have been some of the most pious, 
prominent, and honored Baptists in the land. Tlie 
organization has secured unity of energies and 
given a great impulse to the enterprise of Virginia 
Baptists. Its meetings are largely attended, devo- 
tional, and spirited. Its policy has ever been ex- 
pansive, aggressive, and prudent. Many thrilling 
events mark its history. It has occupied destitute 
sections, aided feeble churches, established Sunday- 
schools, built " church houses," and participated in 
all good work for gospel growth. Virginia Baptists 
love and sustain it, and, best of all, God blesses it. 

Virginia, Baptists of, — The earliest account 
of any Baptists in Virginia is the statement of Rev. 
Morgan Edwards, that, in 1695, there were some 
Baptists in North Carolina who had gone over 
from Virginia to escape the intolerance of the laws 
of the latter colony. The first organized church 
of which we find mention is that at Burley, Isle of 
Wight Co., to which, in 1714, the Rev. Robert 
Nordain came from England as pastor. From 
labors in this vicinity several churches were formed, 
which in part composed the Kehukee Association, 
organized in 1765. In 1743 some Baptists from 
Chestnut Ridge, Md., removed to Opeckon Creek, 
now Occoquan, in Prince William County, and 
constituted the Occoquan church in 1743, with tlie 
Rev. Henry Loveall as pastor. The church was 
afterwai'ds called Mill Creek. Other churches were 
organized, and some joined the Philadelphia Asso- 
ciation, from which they were regularly dismissed 
to form, with another church, the Ketockton Asso- 
ciation, in Loudon County. This was the first Dis- 
trict Association wholly composed of Virginia Bap- 
tist churches. Many churches along the southern 
border of the State belonged to the Sandy Creek 
Association, mainly in North Carolina, and formed 
in January, 1758. All the associated Baptist 
churches of the State belonged to one of these 
three Associations. The Sandy Creek churches 
were called " Separate Baptists" ; the Kehukee 
churches, " General Baptists" ; and the Ketockton 
churches, " Strait," or " Calvinistic," or " Regular 
Baptists." These all coalesced, adopting the doc- 
trinal formulary of the " Regular" Baptists as 
their " Basis of Union" in 1787. The "Separate 
Baptist Association," or " General Association of 
Separate Baptists," or " Rapidan Association," 
was organized May 11, 1771. 



Some of the early laws against " Dissenters" in 
Virginia bore heavily against Baptists, and they 
were severely persecuted. The first imprisonment 
of preachers was that of John Waller, Lewis Craig, 
James Childs, and others, June 4, 1768, in Spott- 
sylvania County. Many other cases followed else- 
wliere, accompanied often with fines, whipping, and 
other penalties. These trials awakened a sturdy 
determination to sweep away all civil obstacles to 
religious liberty. To combine efibrts, a "General 
Committee" was formed, Oct. 9, 1784, of two dele- 
gates from each Association, the "General Asso- 
ciation" having been dissolved in 1783. Four As- 
sociations were represented. Instead of this " Gen- 
eral Committee," which had nobly and efi'ectively 
served its purposes, the " General Meeting of Cor- 
respondence" was formed of delegates from Associa- 
tions in May, 1800. This continued as the State 
board of Baptist co-operation until June 9, 1823, 
when the present " Baptist General Association of 
Virginia" was organized for missionary, Sunday- 
school, and other work. What is now West Vir- 
ginia was part of the field cultivated by the General 
Association. 

Baptists more than any others, and sometimes 
against a combined opposition, secured complete re- 
ligious freedom for Virginia. Many were whipped, 
imprisoned, fined, or mobbed, and remarkable cases 
of steadfastness, heroism, and sacrifice are recorded 
in Virginia Baptist history. They have grown in 
numbers, intelligence, influence, and enterprise, and 
now outnumber any other, indeed, almost all other 
religious denominations in the State. They have 
one college at Richmond, and many academies for 
males and females, under Baptist auspices. Since 
1863 the colored churches have constituted them- 
selves separately, and have their own Associations. 

Virginia Baptists point to their history with 
gratitude to God and to the memory of their 
pioneers in the faith. Their ministry is the peer 
of any other in piety, intelligence, power, and en- 
terprise. Their churches number 1346; ordained 
ministers, 718 : members, 207,559 ; Associations, 32. 

The Baptists of Virginia, in patriotism, in heroic 
sufierings for Christ, in zeal to spread the gospel in 
their own and in other States, and in success, have 
made for themselves a glorious record ; Virginia 
Baptists have given to several other States their 
divine principles, and preachers who constructed a 
multitude of Baptist churches. 

Vogell, Henry C, D.D., was born in New York, 
June 1, 1806 ; graduated at Hamilton in 1827; or- 
dained at Vernon, N. Y., in 1831 ; pastor in Gro- 
ton, Seneca Falls, Elmira, and Rome, N. Y. ; re- 
ceived the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Union 
College, Schenectady. Dr. Vogell has intellectual 
powers of a high order, and has rendered important 
services to the Saviour's cause in New York. 



WACO 



1197 



W. 



Waco University, Waco, Texas,— In 1845, 

when there were only 1200 Baptists in the State, 
they founded Baylor University. But Baylor 
University was located in Southern Texas. At 
that time the bloody Comanche and wild AVaco 
Indians covered all the great wheat region of Cen- 
tral and Northern Texas. And it became evident 
in 1855 that Baylor University could not meet the 
growing wants of the whole State. Hence the 
Baptists of Central Texas originated AVaco Uni- 
versity for " the great wheat and stock region" of 
a State seven times larger than New York. 

The president and professors who had conducted 
Baylor University for ten years with so much Mat, 
impressed with the great advantages of Waco as 
the seat of a Baptist university, resigned their po- 



affection and confidence of the thousands whom 
they have educated in Texas during the last thirty 
years, and of many others. 

Dr. R. C. Burleson is the honored president of 
this eminently useful institution. 

Wade, Jonathan, D.D., was born in Otsego, 
N. Y., Dec. 10, 1798. " He was the first Hamilton 
student." He graduated in 1822. He sailed for 
Burmah from Boston in June, 1823. His literary 
activity is remarkable ; he has prepared a Karen 
dictionary ; he has aided in the translation of the 
Scriptures into the language of the Karens ; he has 
published several books and tracts in the tongues 
of the Burmese and the Karens. He thinks with 
clearness, he lives near to God, and he preaches 
with power. He has been a missionary fifty-seven 




WACO UMVERSITV. 



sitions jn Baylor, and accepted similar offices in 
AYaco University. 

AVaco University became a success at once, and 
for the last eighteen years it has matriculated more 
students than any university west of the Missis- 
sippi River. 

The city of AVaco has over 10,000 inhabitants, who 
for morality, refinement, and intelligence will com- 
pare favorably with any city in America. AVaco is 
justly called "the Athens of Texas," and next to 
Richmond, Va., has the largest percentage of Bap- 
tists of any city in the world. It was the first 
leading institution that adopted the co-education 
of the sexes. 

'I'lie property of AVaco University is estimated at 
$53,000 in library, apparatus, telescope, buildings, 
lands, pledges, and notes. Four brick buildings 
two stories high have been erected and finished ; 
and a strong efibrt will be made to erect this year 
the grand central three-story building, and add 
$50,000 to the endowment fund. 

The president and professors of AVaco live in the 



years. He is held in honor by every Christian in 
Burmah, and by all the friends of missions in 
America. 

Waffle, Prof. Albert E., A.M., was born in 
Steuben Co., N. Y., Nov. 14, 1846. He graduated 
at Madison University in 1872, having taken several 
honors, among them the Senior prize for oratory. 
After pursuing theological studies in the seminary 
he was called to Remsen Avenue Baptist church 
in New Brunswick, N. J., in April, 1873. He was 
ordained as the first pastor of that church on May 
29, and the new church edifice was dedicated on the 
same day. On the 19th of the following June, Mr. 
AVafile married Miss Mary R. Harvey, daughter of 
the Rev. Dr. Harvey, of the Hamilton Theological 
Seminary. During the next seven years he labored 
efficiently in New Brunswick, baptizing 271 con- 
verts, building up the church in the city, and 
greatly developing its spirituality and benevolence. 
A close and tender attachment was created between 
pastor and people, which was widely shared by all 
who knew of the pastor's devotion, especially his 



WAGGENER 



WAIT 



fellow-ministers, by whom his character and tal- 
ents were warmly appreciated. In August, 1880, 
Mr. AVaffle was invited to the Crozer professorship 
of llhetoric in the university at Lewisburg, and at 
the same time to the pastorate of the Baptist church 
of that place. Both positions were accepted, and 
in both he continues (1881) to render able and 
valued services. Prof. AVaffle is a man of high 
ideals, especially in all that pertains to spirituality 
of life and character, a good scholar, a sound theo- 
logian, a clear, forcible, and impressive preacher, 
and a thorough and inspiring teacher. His mind 
is characterized by clearness and range of intu- 
ition, rather than by dialectic subtilty, or by strong 
and spontaneous feeling, llis style is correspond- 
ingly lucid and informing, rather than severely 
argumentative or brilliantly imaginative. lie has 
thus far published nothing but newspaper articles, 
occasional sermons, and a single tract. The qual- 
ity of these reveals powers of composition which 
may yet do great service to literature. 

Waggener, Leslie, LL.D., president of Bethel 
College, Russellville, Ky., was born in Todd Co., 
Ky., Sept. 11, 1841. He united with a Baptist 
church in his youth, and has since remained an 
earnest, active Christian. He graduated at Bethel 
College in 1860, and the same year entered the 
Senior class at Harvard University, graduating 
next year. On his return from college he entered 
the Southern army as a private ; was shot through 
the lungs at the battle of Shiloh ; recovered, and 
continued in military service until the close of the 
war, having been promoted to the rank of lieu- 
tenant. On his return home he became a teacher 
in the preparatory department of Bethel College, 
.and, after three years, was elected Professor of 
English. In 1873 was made chairman of the 
faculty, and in 1877 he was chosen president of 
the college. 

Wait, Samuel, D.D. — One of the most judicious 
ministers of the State is accustomed to say that Dr. 
AVait did more for the development of North Caro- 
lina than any man who ever lived in the State. 
AVhether this be true or not, it is certain that his 
influence upon the Baptists was very great and 
very good ; and as the man to whom more than to 
any other they are indebted for their State Con- 
vention as the first agent of that body, and espe- 
cially, as the founder of AVake Forest College, he 
has laid his people under the most sacred obliga- 
tions ever to cherish his memory with grateful 
affection. , 

Dr. AVait was born in AVashington Co., N. Y., 
Dec. 19, 1789 ; was baptized in Vermont, March 
12, 1809; ordained at Sharon, Norfolk Co., Mass., 
June 3, 1818. Feeling the need of a better educa- 
tion, he went to Columbian College, 'AVashington, 
D. C. It seems that his diploma bears the seal of 



AVaterville College, Me., though his course of 
study was pursued at Columbian College, prob- 
ably because the latter was not then empowered to 
confer degrees. He was for a time tutor in Colum- 
bian College, and first came to North Carolina in 
February, 1827, with Dr. Staughton, on a collect- 
ing tour for the college. Passing through New- 
bern. Dr. AVait made a favorable impression on 
the Baptists of the place, and he settled as their 
pastor in November, 1827. It would seem that in 
passing through North Carolina his mind was 
looking to the development of the North Carolina 
Baptists, for his journal shows that, soon after, in 
Charleston, S. C, he asked Dr. Manly if he did 
not think a State Convention might be organized 
in North Cai'olina. Dr. Manly feared that the 
time for such a movement had not yet come, but 
we no sooner find Dr. AVait settled at Newbern 
than we see him laboring for the accomplishment 
of two things, — the organization of a Convention 
and the establishment of a Baptist organ. The 
Convention he was permitted to see formed, in 
March, 1830, in Greenville, Pitt Co., and he was 
not only present at its organization but became its 
first corresponding secretary. For four years he 
traveled over the State, preaching the gospel, en- 
lightening the people as to the cause of missions, 
removing prejudices, and uniting the disintegrated 
Baptists into one body. So fully satisfied was he 
at this time of the necessity of a periodical that, 
though no one knew who would publish such a 
paper, or when or where it would be issued, he 
began to take the names of subscribers at once, 
and thus prepared the way for the establishment 
of the Recorder, which began a few years later. In 
August, 1832, the Convention, sitting at Reeves' 
chapel, Chatham Co., resolved to establish a man- 
ual labor school at AVake Forest, and a committee 
Avas appointed to secure a man from the North to 
take charge of it. In December following the board 
of the Convention met in Raleigh, and the former 
committee having failed to secure a master for their 
school, a new committee, consisting of AV^m. Hooper, 
Thos. Meredith, John Armstrong, and Samuel 
AVait, was appointed, and three of this committee 
recommended Samuel AVait for this position. Dr. 
AVait accepted the appointment, but was advised 
to continue his agency " for the Convention, as 
the school was not yet ready to go into opera- 
tion." The year 1833 was spent in circulating 
information about the school, in securing students, 
and furniture for the new establishment. Froirt 
this time till June, 1846, a period of fourteen- 
years. Dr. AVait was the president of this institu- 
tion. In 1851 he became president of a female 
school in Oxford, having spent the intervening 
years as pastor of Yancey ville and Trinity churches, 
in Caswell County. After five years' service in this 



WAKE FOREST 



1199 



WAKE FOREST 



position, he retired to the home of his only child, 
Mrs. J. B. Brewer, at Wake Forest College, and 
spent the evening of his days amid the scenes of 
his usefulness, surrounded by loving kindred, and 
honored and respected by all. He died July 28, 
1867. The State Convention, which met in Golds- 
borough the next autumn, expressed the desire 
that, as his history would be largely the history of 
the denomination in North Carolina, a memoir of 
him should be prepared by some suitable person. 
It was understood that Judge -John Kerr was se- 
lected by his family to perform this service, and he 
expressed his willingness to undertake the grateful 
task, but for some cause it was never done. 

Wake Forest College. — About 1832 much in- 
terest was taken in many parts of the United States 
in manual labor schools. In 1832 the Baptist 
State Convention, then less than two years old, 



of the Legislature by a considerable majority, but 
was a tie in the senate, and was saved by the cast- 
ing vote of Mr. Mosely, the president. In 1839 
the college building was finished. It was of brick, 
132 feet long, 60 feet wide, and four stories high, 
and cost something over $14,000. 

Dr. Wait was president till 1846, when Dr. Wm. 
Hooper was called to that position. Discouraged 
by the heavy debts of the college, he retired after 
two years' service, when Rev. J. B. White, a grad- 
uate of Brown University, and a native of New 
Hampshire, became president. In 1853 he re- 
moved to Illinois, and Pruf. W. II. Owen was 
chairman of the faculty until June, 1854, when 
Dr. W. M. Wingate, who had been hiboring for 
two years to endow the college, became president, 
and continued to hold the position till his death, in 
February, 1879, — a period of twenty-five years. 




bought a farm of 615 acres, lying in Wake County, 
sixteen miles north of Raleigh, forS2000, and began 
a manual labor school, under the name of AVake 
Forest Institute. 

In 1833 the Baptist State Convention, which 
held a session of six days at Cartledge"s Creek, in 
Richmond County, appointed a buard of forty 
trustees, all of whom are now dead except the Rev. 
Thomas Stradley, of Asheville, and Hon. George 
W. Thompson, of Wake County. 

In December, 1833, Dr. Samuel Wait was chosen 
as principal of the school, and Rev. John Arm- 
strong, one of the teachers, was put into the field 
to raise money to equip the school properly. There 
were no adequate buildings on the place, and but 
little furniture on hand when the school began op- 
erations in February, 1834, with twenty-five pupils. 
By August there wei-e seventy pupils, and within 
a little more than a year from its origin the in- 
stitution ^as blessed with three gracious revivals, 
a token of the spiritual tone and power which have 
marked the whole history of the institution. 

In 1839 the manual labor system was aban- 
doned, and a college charter was procured with 
some difficulty. The bill passed the lower branch 



In .July, 1879, Rev. Thomas H. Pritchard, D.D., 
i was chosen president, and is working earnestly to 
build up the college. 

At the opening of the war the college had an in- 
vested endowment of about $85,000, with bonds 
worth $30,000 ; at its close, all was gone except 
about $14,000 of railroad stock. It now has an in- 
I vested endowment of $48,000. Three good build- 
ings, one of which, the one mentioned above, is 
I devoted to dormitories ; the second, to chapels and 
! lecture-rooms ; the third, to society-halls, library, 
and reading-room. The last-mentioned building 
was a present three years ago, from Messrs. J. M. 
Heck and John G. Williams, of Raleigh, and cost, 
with furniture, about $14,000. The second build- 
ing was erected in 1879, and cost about $12,000, 
and is called Wingate Memorial Hall, in honor of 
the late president. The library contains about 
8000 volumes, and is handsomely fitted up. 

The college had last year 181 students in attend- 
ance, and its income was about $9000. Thirty-two 
young ministers attended, who paid no tuition fees. 
The whole college expenses for a year are a little 
less than $200. The faculty of the college consists 
of eight members : T. H. Pritchard, D.D., president, 



WAKEMAN 



1200 



WALDENSES 



and Professor of Moral Philosophy ; W. G. Sim- 
mons, Professor of Natural Science; W. Royall, 
D.D., Professor of Modern Languages ; W. B. 
Royall, Professor of Greek ; L. R^ Mills, Professor 
of Mathematics ; C. E. Taylor, Professor of Latin ; 
W. L. Poteat, Assistant Professor of Natural Sci- 
ence ; and C. W. Scarboro, Tutor of Mathematics. 
The college is nearly out of debt, and the last 
year (1880) has been the most prosperous of its 
history. 

Besides "Wake Forest, the Baptists of North 
Carolina have excellent female schools in the 
Chowan Institute ; Wilson Seminary, of which 
Mr. John B. Brewer, a grandson of Dr. "Wait, and 
a graduate of "Wake Forest College, is president 
and proprietor ; Thomasville Female College, pre- 
sided over by Mr. II. AV. Rinehart, who is also the 
proprietor ; Oxford Female College, of which Prof. 
F. P. Ilobgood is principal. In Hendersonville 
there is a mixed school, known as Judson College, 
and, in addition, there are male academies, such as 
Reynoldson Institute, in Gates County ; Cedar Creek 
and Carolina Academies, in Anson County ; Salem 
Academy, in Sampson County ; Warsaw High 
School, in Duplin County ; Yadkin Institute ; Lil- 
lington Academy, in Harnett, and others. 

"Wakeman, Rev. Levi H., of Connecticut ori- 
gin ; studied in New Haven ; ordained pastor of 
the Thii'd Baptist church in Middletown, Conn., 
in 1843; subsequent settlements. First Baptist 
church in Woodstock, in Stepney, and in Willing- 
ton, Conn., Three Rivers and East Longmeadow, 
Mass. ; now residing in Stamford, Conn. 

Waldenses, The, are the most interesting peo- 
ple in Europe. Their history reaches back to the 
period when popes gathered armies without diffi- 
culty to desolate prosperous Albigensian regions 
of what is now the French republic, when the 
Bible was almost an unknown book, and when the 
intellect and liberties of Europe were in shackles, 
except in the case of heretical heroes, who were 
treated as outlaws by the banded priests and tyrants 
of the Old World. We speak of this people with rev- 
erence, and think of their long records of fidelity 
and suflfering with tender affection. 

There is nothing reliable about the Waldenses 
before the time of Peter Waldo, of Lyons. It is 
likely that in their celebrated valleys a people who 
hated Romish errors, and loved the atoning Saviour, 
lived from the time of Claude, bishop of Turin, in 
the ninth century. It is possible that such a com- 
munity may have served God in these secluded re- 
treats from a much earlier period. But we have 
no clear testimony on this question. 

Peter Waldo, a wealthy citizen of Lyons, was 
converted about 1160, by a sudden death which 
occurred at a public meeting which he attended. 
He had an extraordinary desire to see the Word 



of God in a good translation, and for this purpose 
he employed Stephen de Ansa and Bernard Ydros 
to prepare him such a work in the Romance lan- 
guage. He first procured the gospels, and then by 
degrees the entire Bible. He also had a collection 
of choice sayings prepared from the early fathers, 
on fixith and practice. Filled with the hope of 
heaven, he distributed his property among the poor 
and scattered copies of his Bible around, and con- 
verts rewarded his zeal and rejoiced the angels. 
The archbishop of Lyons denounced Waldo and 
his efforts, but the seal of Christ was upon the 
enterprise, and the gospel leaven worked mightily. 
He was compelled to leave Lyons, and many of 
his adherents followed him. He entered Dauphiny, 
where his labors resulted in a great harvest of con- 
verts ; by persecution he was driven into Picardy, 
where the gospel as the saving power of God pro- 
duced the same heart-changing fruits ; from France 
his disciples pressed into Italy, and the Piedmontese 
mountains, where the Protestant bishop of Turin 
three centuries before had sowed the seed of the 
blessed gospel, gave them a comparatively secure 
refuge from armed superstition ; from France the 
reformer of Lyons proceeded to Germany, where his 
usual reception awaited him from the common 
people, and from the priests and rulers. Some 
fifty years after the death of Waldo there were 
multitudes of heretics in the districts of the Rhine 
and elsewhere in the fatherland of Luther. At 
Triers " there were," says Neander, " three schools 
of the heretics ; there seem to have been various 
sects, it is true ; but the spread of German versions 
of the Bible, and the doctrine of the universal priest- 
hood (of Christians), are certainly marks which 
indicate the AValdenses." AYaldo finally retired 
to Bohemia, where he led throngs of men to Jesus, 
who continued to uphold the banner of the Cross 
for generations. Altogether the Waldensian move- 
ment was a manifest work of God, and its tri- 
umphant progress gave the papacy the heaviest 
blows and the greatest fears. 

The Waldenses were not Albigenses, Kathari, or 
Paterines. They lived frequently in the same re- 
gions, and held many things In common with them, 
but they had a different origin and birthplace, and 
came into existence hundreds of years later. 

The Waldenses were persecuted with atrocious 
cruelty, and hosts of them were wickedly put to 
death. 

They have no writings older than the end of the 
twelfth century. " The Treatise on Antichrist" 
and " The Noble Lesson" are supposed to have 
been published at the close of the twelfth century. 

Their theology in most features is like the Prot- 
estant system of the present day, and it is a perfect 
contrast to the scheme of Rome. 

On baptism the Waldenses were divided. There 



WALKER 



1201 



WALKER 



is reason to believe that some of them practised in- 
fant baptism. It is not unlikely that some of them 
were Quakers about baptism and the Lord's Sup- 
per. The inquisitor, Reinerius iSaccho, is the chief 
authority about the Waldenses; to whom he did 
not belong, and the Albigenses, with whom he was 
a member for seventeen years ; he states about the 
Waldenses that " they say a man is then first bap- 
tized when he is received into their sect. Some of 
them hold that baptism is of no use to little children, 
because they are not yet actually able to believe'^ (Qui- 
dam eorum baptismum parvulis non valere tradunt, 
eo quod nondum actualiter credere possunt). (Al- 
lix's "Churches of Piedmont," p. 206. Oxford, 
1821.) The celebrated Du Pin gives Reinerius the 
weight of his great learning and truthfulness as he 
quotes his statement, " And first about baptism 
they say, that the preliminary admonition is worth 
nothing ; that the washing of infants is of no avail 
to them ; that the sureties do not understand what 
they answer to the piiest^ (II. 482. Dublin.) 
There is no reasonable ground for doubting that 
for a long period the Baptists were respectably 
represented among the " Poor of Lyons,'' the " Le- 
onists," the " Waldenses." 

The Waldenses loved the Scriptures, could repeat 
entire books with ease, sometimes the whole New 
Testament, and were extremely anxious to circu- 
late Bibles, and to read them to men. Reinerius, 
the apostate and papal inquisitor, gives the well- 
known representation of the Waldensian peddler, 
who, after selling articles to ladies in splendid 
homes, tells them about a richer jewel, which, if 
the situation is favorable, he presents ; and they 
see and speedily hear the Scriptures read and ex- 
pounded. The business of the traveling merchant 
is undertaken only to make known the teachings 
of the'Bible. According to the testimony of their 
greatest enemies they were humble, truthful, self- 
sacrificing Bible Christians. 

In 1530, according to Du Pin, the Waldenses 
united with the Reformers, and were persuaded 
to renounce certain peculiarities which heretofore 
they held, and to receive doctrines which till then 
had been foreign to their creed. This new arrange- 
ment harmonized the reformations of the twelfth 
and sixteenth centuries, and probably removed 
Baptist doctrines from the valleys of Piedmont. 
This ancient community is now Presbyterian, and 
had its delegate in the recent Pan-Presbyterian 
Council in Philadelphia. 

Walker, Deacon Austin Martin, M.D., was 

born in Putnam Co., Ga., on the 5th of August, 
1808. His early education was received from Wil- 
liam H. Seward, who at that time taught school in 
Putnam County. Mr. Walker graduated at the 
State University, and,, whilst residing in Athens, 
connected himself with the Baptist church of that 



city when he was seventeen years of age. On 
leaving college he took a course of medical lectures 
in Philadelphia, and afterwards practised medicine 
there for four years. After his return to Georgia 
he married and settled in Columbus, where he as- 
sisted in oi-ganizing the first Baptist church in that 
city. He was a planter. When on his death-bed, 
in 1846, Deacon James Boykin sent for Dr. Walker, 
blessed him, prayed that his own mantle might fall 
on him, and requested that he should be made a 
deacon by the church. This was done ; and Dr. 
Walker continued an active, zealous, pious, and 
faithful deacon the rest of his life. He was a 
wealthy man, and gave freely to the cause of Christ. 
He M'as a thoroughly conscientious man, and a 
strict Bible Baptist. He believed strongly in the 
maintenance of church discipline, and in orderly 
Christian conduct. lie was a close and earnest 
student of the Bible, and to his death, at the age of 
seventy, he was either a superintendent or teacher 
in the Sunday-school. lie regularly employed min- 
isters to preach to the servants on his plantations, 
and when possible attending the meetings himself. 
So great was the devotion of his servants to him 
that, even when emancipated, they desired to sign 
a paper, contracting to preserve the relation of 
master and slave for life. Of course this was not 
done, but it showed how great was their love for 
him, and their confidence in him. The last years 
of Dr. Walker's life were spent in Macon, Ga., 
where he was a deacon, his membership being 
transferred from Columbus. He died peacefully 
on the 3d of June, 1878, highly respected by all 
who knew him. 

Walker, Hon. Charles, was one of those earl- 
iest and most influentially identified with the 
growth of Chicago and the West. Born at- Plain- 
field, Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1802, early a Christian, 
and always a Baptist, he had identified himself 
with the business and religious interests of Chi- 
cago some years before he became a resident there, 
in 1847. In that year he united with the First 
Baptist church, and until his death, in June, 1868, 
he was one of its most active, liberal, and influen- 
tial members. He was identified from time to 
time with some of the most important secular en- 
terprises upon a large scale centring at Chicago. 
" The first shipment of any kind made from that 
port is believed to have been made by him. The 
first shipment of wheat certainly was. The first 
of the railroads running out of the city — the Ga- 
lena and Chicago — owed its early vigor largely to 
his enterprise, courage, and faith, while his far- 
seeing views contributed much to inspire those 
other great undertakings which made Chicago at 
length, what he always believed it would become, 
the commercial centre and metropolis of the West." 
Mr. AValker, withal, was a devout Christian and an 



WALKER 



WALKER 



earnest Baptist. He was one of the founders of the 
University of Chicago, and until his death served 
upon its board of trustees, while all the various 
missionary enterprises of the denomination shared 
in his sympathy, his counsels, and his gifts. 

Walker, Rev. C. W., was horn in llolden, 
Worcester Co., Mass., Feb. 13, 1814; attended the 
Worcester Manual Labor High School, under the 
principalship of Dr. Silas Bailey, wliere he was con- 
verted ; studied at Watervilie College, Me. After 
being principal of several high schools and acade- 
mies, and rendering eminent service to the cause of 
education, he was ordained to the ministry Aug. 16, 
18G0, as pastor of the church of Essex, N. Y. In 
1862 he became pastor of the First Baptist church 
of North Stratford, N. H. In 1864 he was ap- 
pointed chaplain of the 1st N. H. Heavy Artillery. 
In 1878 he took charge of the churches in Little 
Blue Valley and Joy Creek, Kansas. In 1880 he 
began to preach at Nollenburg. Mr. Walker is pos- 
sessed of scholarly attainments, and as a teacher 
and preacher has accomplished much good. 

Walker, Rev. Jacob Garrett, A.M., was born 

at Falls of Schuylkill, Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 28, 




REV. JACOB GARRETT WALKER, A.M. 

1840 : baptized March 21, 1858, by Rev. N.Judson 
Clark ; graduated from Philadelphia Central High 
School in 1858, and from the university at Lewis- 
burg, Pa., in 1862, subsequently i-eceiving the de- 
gree of A.M. from both institutions. In January, 
1863, became principal of public schools at Phce- 
nixville. Pa., and continued in that position three 
years and a half; during part of this time sup- 



plied the neighboring church at Pughtown, Pa., 
and subsequently became pastor there until May 
31, 186S, having been ordained Dec. 5, 1865. In 
October, 1868, took charge of the church at Bal- 
ligomingo, Pa., where he remained until Novem- 
ber, 1872, when he became pastor of the Mantua 
church, Philadelphia, Pa., where he still remains. 

Mr. Walker, while a most diligent and success- 
ful pastor, is also deeply interested in the general 
work of the denomination. He has done efficient 
service as president and secretary of the Philadel- 
phia Ministers' Conference. In 1877 he was made 
moderator of the Philadelphia Baptist Association, 
and since that time has been its clerk and the 
secretary of its board of trustees. He is also a 
member of various boards, and a curator of the 
university at Lewisburg. He has written consider- 
ably for the press, has been twice poet at Lewisburg 
commencements, and was the poet of the Valley 
Forge Centenary in 1878. Since 1871 has been 
editor of the " Baptist Year-Book." He is very 
popular both as pastor and preacher, has a clear 
incisive mind, is a thorough-going Baptist, has 
maintained an unblemished character, and is uni- 
versally regarded as one of the wisest and best of 
the Philadelphia Baptist ministers. 

Walker, Hon. James Otis, was born in Whi- 
ting, Vt., Aug. 6, 1778. His native place was a new 
settlement, and had a sparse population. Such, 
however, was his thirst for knowledge that it is 
said " he used to lie in the corner in the evenings 
and read, having only pine-knots for a light, occa- 
sionally going to school for a few weeks." He 
held the office of civil magistrate for thirty years. 
It is referred to " as a proof of the high estimation 
in which he was held that, while lie was a member 
of the Masonic fraternity,' and Whiting was a 
strongly anti-Masonic town, he held his office 
through the entire struggle in respect to Masonry, 
and such was the confidence reposed in his integrity 
that none of his most bitter opponents questioned 
the propriety of his retaining his office." For 
several years he represented the town in the State 
Legislature. No man was more public-spirited 
than he. Calls were constantly made upon him 
for aid to build churches, pay ministers' salaries, 
support benevolent and educational causes, and the 
appeals were not made in vain. " His pen was 
often employed by public request in the preparation 
of temperance addresses, in which reform he took 
a deep interest." In his old age he was paralyzed, 
but amid all the decays of nature he kept a genial 
spirit, and was busy and active in his habits to the 
last. He early connected himself with the Baptist 
Church, and lived and died in its fellowship. His 
death occurred Nov. 27, 1857. 

Walker, Rev. Jeremiah, was bom in Bute 
Co., N. C, about 1747. In early life he was called 



WALKER 



WALKER 



into the peace of Christ .and baptized. He pos- 
sessed extraordinary talents as a thinker and as a 
speaker, and he soon became a great preacher. In 
1769 he took charge of the Nottoway church, Va., 
and in a few years, assisted by brethren called to the 
Saviour and introduced into the ministry through 
his instrumentality, he establislied between twenty 
and thirty churches south of the James River. He 
was a natural orator, an exemplary Christian, and 
a magnet to attract the love of men. He was a 
burning and a shining light. He was incarcerated 
in Chesterfield jail for preaching without lawful 
authority, and released with additional popularity. 
His ministry httd enjoyed the divine favor in a re- 
markable measure, and its fruits were conspicuous 
all over Virginia. He was tempted and fell into 
immorality, and after some years of Christian con- 
duct he lapsed from purity again. On repenting 
of his evil ways he embraced Arminian doctrines, 
and advocated them even to the extent of schism 
among his brethren. He was a great, and for many 
years a good, man, and then a wreck in morals and 
in doctrines. He died Nov. 20, 1792, a forgiven 
sinner. 

Walker, Col. John B., is a deacon of the Baptist 
church at Madison, Ga., and a man wiiose intelli- 
gence, liherality, piety, and public spirit made him 
widely known and highly respected. He was born 
in Burke County in 1804 or 1805. He had the 
best academical advantages. He studied law, 
but never engaged in the practice, his large prop- 
erty demanding all of his time and attention. He 
has given his thousands to the cause of religion 
and education. Joining the church at thirty, he 
has for neai-ly half a century been a useful church 
member and Sunday-school worker. He was a 
member of the first board of trustees of Mercer 
University, as he was also of Mercer Institute. 
Mercer University, the Georgia Female College, 
the Madison Baptist church, and many other good 
causes have largely enjoyed the benefit of his liber- 
ality. During the war his large mansion in Madi- 
son was a hospital, opened freely for the benefit of 
all, and the entire means at his disposal were subject 
to the demands of charity. In the Madison church 
he has long been a pillar, and in the community 
■where he has dwelt for seventy years no man stands 
higher in public estimation. 

Walker, Eev. Joseph, was born in Delaware 
Co., Pa., Feb. 14, 1787. He was baptized into the 
fellowship of the First Baptist church of AVilming- 
ton, Del., in 1806. He was ordained pastor of the 
church of Marcus Hook in 1824, and for twenty- 
four years he preached the gospel in that place. 
In 1848 he became pastor of the Brandywine 
church. Pa., where he served the Lord with great 
fidelity and success for twenty years. He then re- 
signed, and went to Pittsburgh, where he rested 



from his labors in the house of his son-in-law. Dr. 
Trevor, Feb. 28, 1870.. Mr. Walker was beloved 
by the whole Philadelphia Association, of which, 
for some years before his death, he was the oldest 
ministerial member. He was full of l)rotherly 
affection and of the grace of God. His Christian 
life was a precious gospel sermon, and his death 
was a heavy blow to a multitude of the friends of 
Jesus. In his two fields of labor he was regarded 
by Christians and unconverted persons as a tender 
fixther, an Israelite indeed. 

Walker, Rev. Levi, M.D., was born in 1784 in 
Massachusetts ; removed to Maine ; converted in 
1804; for a time a Methodist circuit preacher; be- 
came a Baptist, and united with the First Baptist 
church in Fall River, Mass. ; still preached ; studied 
medicine and was a physician ; became pastor of the 
Baptist church in AVarwick, R. I., in 1816 ; settled 
with the Baptist church in Preston, Conn., in 
1819; in 1823 removed to a farm in North Ston- 
ington. Conn. ; preached with success in various 
places ; organized the first Sunday-school in the 
town ; was the first minister of the Third Baptist 
church in North Stonington ; accomplished much 
in his two professions ; a man of talents and toil ; 
his wife, Phebe, a superior woman, died in An- 
dover, Conn., Feb. 11, 1880, aged ninety-two 
years ; had three sons who became Baptist min- 
isters, — Rev. Levi, Rev. William C, and Rev. Orin 
T.,— last two now living. He died Dec. 12, 1869, 
aged eighty-five years. 

Walker, Rev. Levi, Jr., son of Rev. Levi and 
Phebe Walker, was born March 22, 1811 ; con- 
verted in 1829 ; licensed to preach by the Third 
Baptist church in North Stonington ; ordained 
and settled as pastor in Tolland, Conn. ; served 
churches in Massachusetts and New Hampshire ; 
stricken by disease, died in Griswold, Conn., Feb. 
2, 1839, in his twenty-eighth year. 

Walker, Rev. 0. T., A.M., was born in Pres- 
ton, Conn., Feb. 1, 1822. He is a son of Rev. Levi 
Walker, M.D. He studied at Hamilton, N. Y., 
and at Washington College, Hartford, Conn. He 
entered the ministry when twenty-four, and w^as 
ordained at Orleans, Mass. He was six ye.irs 
pastor of the Second church of New London, 
Conn., where he baptized about 200. He was six 
years pastor of the First church of Trenton, N. J., 
w-here during his oversight a large and splendid 
church edifice was built, about 300 persons were 
baptized, and the church was greatly strengthened. 
He was six years pastor of Bowdoin Square church, 
Boston, during which time he baptized nearly 300. 
The church was almost ready to disband when Mr. 
Walker began his labors, but the blessing of God 
attended the efforts of the new pastor, and the 
faith and hopes of the church were soon wonderfully 
enlarged. 



WALKER 



1204 



WALLACE 



Mr. Walker has served as pastor in Chicago, 111., 
Meriden, Conn., Providence, R. I., and in Orleans, 
Mass. His present charge is the Harvard Street 
church, Boston, where he has labored five years. 
When Mr. Walker entered upon his second pas- 
torate in Boston the meeting-house had been closed 
for a time, and the congregation was scattered ; 
l)ut under God the churcli has been blessed with 
numerous and valuable additions, and a good Sun- 
day-school and an overflowing prayer-meeting have 
been gathered. 

Mr. Walker is an indefatigable worker, ready 
for any errand of mercy. Very popular among the 
sick, the mourners weeping for their loved dead, 
and the happy candidates for the nuptial blessing. 

He is one of the most useful ministers in and 
around Boston, whose labors have been greatly 
blessed out of it as well as in it. 

Walker, Rev. Sanders, was for many years 
one of the most useful pioneer ministers of Geor- 
gia. Born March 17, 1740, in Prince William 
Co., Va., he was a singular instance of the trans- 
forming power of God's grace. Of an unmanage- 
able temper before conversion, his heart and nature 
were so changed by the Holy Spirit that he was 
ever afterwards distinguished for the meekness and 
gravity of his deportment. Among all who knew 
him the meek Sanders Walker was a proverbial ex- 
pression. He began to preach in North Carolina 
in 1767, and, about four years afterwards, moved 
to a place in Bute Co., N. C, notorious for wick- 
edness and ignorance of religion ; but his Master 
was with him, and in a short time a considerable 
church arose under his ministry. He removed to 
Georgia in 1772, and joined the Kiokee church, 
being still unordained ; but he must have been or- 
dained prior to May 20, 1775, as his name appears 
on the Presbytery which ordained Abraham Mar- 
shall at that time. In Georgia he labored mostly in 
Wilkes County, where he resided, and he is thought 
to have been mainly instrumental in the constitu- 
tion of Fishing Creek church, the fifth formed in 
the State. He finished his course with joy, in the 
sixty-fifth year of his age, in 1805. 

Walker, Rev. William Carey, son of Rev. 

Levi and Phebe (Burroughs) Walker, was born in 
Warwick, R. I., Dec. 24, 1818; became a teacher; 
converted at the age of fourteen ; united with First 
Baptist church in Westerly. R. I., in 1837 ; re- 
moved to North Stonington,Conn., in 1838, and to 
Hartford in 1839; studied for the ministry from 
1841 to 1845, preaching two years for South Wind- 
sor church; settled with First Baptist church in 
Groton, Conn., and was ordained in June, 1845 ; 
remained five years ; settled with the church in 
Willington in 1850; continued six and a half 
years ; settled in Putnam six and a half years ; 
entered the Union army as chaplain of the 18th 



Conn. Vol. Regiment of Infantry, serving one year 
and a half, till close of war ; settled with New 
Britain church, Conn., for about six years ; every- 
where favored with success and revivals ; since 
1871 has been a missionary and Sunday-school 
worker for the Connecticut Baptist State Conven- 
tion, four of the years with the Sunday-schools; 
always an evangelist in spirit ; earnest and wise 
worker ; active for education, temperance, and anti- 
slavery ; advocate of missions ; served on school 
committees ; wrote largely for the Christian Score- 
tari/, in the interests of the churches and schools ; 
wrote the history of the 18th Conn. Vol. Regiment 
of Infantry ; for last two years has been a repre- 
sentative from Andover, Conn., to the State Legis- 
lature ; still serving the State as a missionary. 
Mr. Walker is one of the noble-hearted, laborious, 
honored, and successful ministers of Connecticut. 

Walker, Rev. William P., was born in Jack- 
son Co., W. Va., May 14, 1834. In 1855 he 
married Miss McClung, in Nicholas County, and 
soon after united with the Mount Pleasant church, 
and became at once an active woi-ker. In a short 
time he was licensed to preach, and entered Alle- 
ghany College, where he remained until 1861. He 
was ordained, and preached in Nicholas and Fa- 
yette Counties until 1865, when he became pastor 
of Williamstown and Pleasant Valley churches, in 
AVood County. He remained in this locality about 
twelve years. About 1877 he removed to Hunting- 
ton, and became pastor of a church of not a score 
of members, but which, under his faithful labors, 
has grown to 116. The church has bought a par- 
sonage' worth $1000, and is now nearly self-sup- 
porting. 

Mr. AValker has for many years been president 
of the General Association of the State, also agent 
for Shelton College; is one of the very best preach- 
ers and pastors in the State, and has always given 
entire satisfaction to his brethren in every posi- 
tion. 

Wallace, Lady Craigie,— Chambers, in his 
"Domestic Annals of Scotland" (ii. 213), says, 
"Where there had formerly been no avowed Ana- 
baptists there were now many, so that thrice in the 
week, namely, on Monday, Wednesday, and Fri- 
day, there were some dipped at Bonnington Mill, be- 
tween Leith and Edinburgh, both men and women 
of good rank. Some days there would be sundry 
hundred persons attending that action, and fifteen 
persons baptized in one day by the Anabaptists. 
Among the converts was the Lady Craigie Wal- 
lace, a lady in the west country. In autumn, at 
Cupar, Mr. Brown, preacher to Fairfax's regiment, 
rebaptized several of the soldiers in the Eden, near 
to Airdrie's lodging, by dipping them over head 
and ears, many of the inhabitants looking on." 
This was in 1652. The doctrines of the Baptists 



WALLACE 



WALLER 



were carried to Scotland by the English army, 
and their form of baptism seemed attractive to the 
cautious people of that country. 

Wallace, Rev. Isaiah, son of Rev. James Wal- 
lace, was born in Hillsborough, New Brunswick, 
Jan. 17, 1826. He was converted early, and bap- 
tized by Rev. Samuel Elder in 1848. He grad- 
uated from Acadia College in 1855, and was 
ordained April 3, 1856. lie became pastor at 
Miramichi in 1858, at Carleton, St. John, in 1860. 
From 1861, Mr. Wallace held successively the pas- 
toral office in Nova Scotia in Lower Granville, Mil- 
ton, Yarmouth County, and Berwick, and has been 
agent for the Home Mission Board. As pastor 
and evangelist, his labors have been very success- 
ful in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. 

Wallace, Rev. James, was born Jan. 17, 1797, 
at Hopewell, New Brunswick. He was converted 
under the ministry of Rev. Joseph Crandall, and 
baptized by him in 1826. Mr. Wallace's pastoral 
and missionary labors in Albert, Westmoreland, 
and Kings Counties, New Brunswick, proved a 
great blessing to the churches and people there. 
He preached successfully, and baptized many con- 
verts in these counties. He died March 7, 1871. 

Wallace, Hon. Thomas, was born in Peters- 
burg, Va., Sept. 7, 1812 ; was educated at William 
and Mary College and at the University of Vir- 
ginia. He practised law, and was a member of 
the State Legislature during the sessions of 1850- 
51. It was mainly through his instrumentality 
that the elegant house of worship erected by the 
Baptists of Petersburg was completed. lie was a 
member of the First church of that city for a long 
time, and one of its deacons, and the efficient su- 
perintendent of its Sunday-school. Mr. AVallace 
was a man of wealth and influence, and he used his 
influence and money for the cause of Christ. He 
died May 14, 1868. 

Waller, Rev. Edmond, son of Rev. William 
Edmond Waller, and brother of the distinguished 
Rev. George Waller, was born in Spottsylvania 
Co., Va., Jan. 11, 1775. He removed with his 
parents to Kentucky about 1781, and settled in 
Fayette County. He united with the Baptist 
church at Bryant's Station in 1798, and in 1801 he 
removed to Anderson County, and was ordained to 
the ministry at Salt River church. He traveled 
and preached in the new settlements for some 
years. In 1808 he was called to Hillsborough 
church in Woodford, and the next year to Mount 
Pleasant in Jessamine County. With these and 
some other churches in that region he labored 
during the remainder of his life. He was one of 
the most popular and useful ministers of his gen- 
eration in that part of Kentucky. He died in 1842. 

Waller, Rev. George, son of Rev. William Ed- 
mond Waller, a well-known Baptist minister in 



Virginia and Kentucky, and a nephew of the dis- 
tinguished Rev. John Waller, of Virginia, was 
born in Spottsylvania Co., Va., in 1777. He re- 
moved with his father to Kentucky about 1781, 
locating for a short time in Lincoln, and then 
settling in Fayette County. In 1798 he removed 
to Shelby County, and was baptized by his father 
into the fellowship of Buck Creek Baptist church, 
in that county, in 1801. He was ordained in 
1802, and succeeded his father (who had returned 
to Virginia) in the pastorate of Buck Creek 
church, a position he occupied fifty years. He 
was pastor of Burk"s Branch church about forty 
years, and of Bethel church a shorter period, and 
he was a missionary to Louisville before there 
was a church in that city. He traveled over the 
State, preaching in the interest of missions. He 
was editor of a weekly Baptist paper published at 
Bloomtield, Ky., about 1827, and was moderator 
of Long Run Association twenty-five years in suc- 
cession, preaching the introductory sermon before 
that body seven times. He was a strong, logical 
preacher, and few men were more widely known, 
or exercised a greater influence in his State, during 
his long ministry. He died in July, 1860. 

Waller, Rev. John, was born in Spottsylvania 
Co., Va., on the 23d of December, 1741, and was a 
descendant of the honorable family of Wallers, in 
England. His profanity acquired for him the name 
of " swearing Jack Waller," and his general wick- 
edness that of " the devil's adjutant." He was es- 
pecially bitter against the Baptists, and was one of 
the grand jury that persecuted Rev. Lewis Craig for 
preaching. Mr. Craig's meek address to the jury 
arrested his attention and touched his heart. For 
seven or eight months his agony and remorse were 
intense. At length, having found peace in believing 
in Jesus, immediately he conferred not with flesh 
and blood, but began to preach the faith which he 
had destroyed, serving the Lord with greater zeal, 
if that was possible, than he had served Satan. 
Traveling through many counties, he everywhere 
attracted crowds of hearers and made many con- 
verts. 

He was soon made to feel the resentment of his 
former companions in sin. In a letter dated "Ur- 
banna Prison, Middlesex County, Aug. 12, 1771," 
he gives an account of the arrest and imprisonment 
of himself and many others, and the cruel scourg- 
ing of several by "the magistrate and the parson 
of the parish." " I have also to inform you that 
six of our brethren are confined in Caroline jail, 
viz.: Brethren Lewis Craig, John Burrus, John 
Young, Edward Ilerndon, James Goodrick, and 
Bartholomew Cheming." Those days did indeed 
try men's souls. 

In 1775 or 1776 he adopted the Arminian doc- 
trine, declared himself an independent Baptist, and 



WALLER 



WALL IN 



withdrew from his brethren. But in 1787 he re- 
turned to his first love. The same year a very 
jrreat revival began under his preaching, and con- 
tinued for several years, spreading far and wide. 

In 1793 he removed to Abbeville, S. C. Here 
his success, though considerable, was not equal to 
that in his native State. His last sermon, at the 
funeral of a young man, was from Zech. ii. 4: 
" Run, speak to that young man." He addressed 
the young in feeble, touching strains, saying that 
it was liis last sermon. He spoke until his strength 
quite failed, and then tottered to a bed, from which 
he was carried home, and died July 4, 1802, in his 
sixty-second year. 

He preached thirty-five years, baptized more than 
2000 persons, assisted in ordaining twenty-seven 
ministers, and in constituting eighteen churches, 
and lay one hundred and thirteen days in four dif- 
ferent jails, and he was repeatedly scourged in 
Virginia. He now rests from his labors, and his 
works followed him. 

Waller, Rev. John Lightfoot, LL.D., an 

eminent preacher and journalist, was born in 
Woodford Co., Ky., Nov. 23, 1809. He was edu- 
cated under private teachers, and became one 
of the best scholars in the State. At eighteen 
he wrote " A Church without a Creed," which 
evinced remarkable genius. After teaching some 
years in Jessamine County, he became editor of 
the Baptist Banner about 1835. Subsequently he 
edited the Baptist Banner and Western Pioneer, 
a weekly religious paper published at Louisville. 
Ky. In this position he speedily established the 
reputation of being one of the ablest editors of his 
day. In 1840 he was ordained to the ministry, and 
the next year was appointed general agent of the 
General Association of Baptists in Kentucky. In 
1843 he succeeded his father as pastor of Glen's 
Creek church, in Woodfoi-d County. In 1845 he 
commenced the publication of the Western Baptist 
Review, a monthly which took rank with the ablest 
periodicals of the kind in the country. The title 
was afterwards changed to the Christian Reposi- 
tory. He continued its publication until his death. 
In 1849 he was elected to a seat in the convention 
that formed the present constitution of the State 
of Kentucky, and was said to have been the most 
talented debater in that very able body. This was 
the only civil office he ever sought. In 1850 he re- 
sumed the editorship of the Baptist Banner and 
Western Pioneer. He was the most prominent 
mover in originating the Bible Revision Associa- 
tion. In 1842 he held his celebrated debate on 
baptism with Rev. Nathan L. Rice. He died at 
his home in Louisville, Ky., Oct. 10, 1854. 

Waller, Rev. Jonathan Cox, son of Rev. 
George Waller, was born in Shelby Co., Ky., 
March 24, 1812. He united with Buck Creek 



church, of which his father was pastor, in 1834, 
He is a powerful writer, and has prepared much 
for the religious press. In 1863 he published a 
book on the " Speedy Coming and Personal Reign 
of Christ," which ran through four editions. For 
several years he edited the Western Recorder. He 
was ordained to the ministry in 1879, but has not 
yet taken charge of any church. He resides at 
Pleasure Ridge Park, Ky. 

WaUer, Rev. Napoleon Bonaparte, brother 

of Rev. John Lightfoot Waller, a very brilliant 
and greatly lamented young minister, was born 
March 24, 1826. He professed religion at an early 
age, and united with the Baptist church of which 
his father was pastor. He graduated at George- 
town College, after which he was ordained to the 
ministry. On his way to Owensborough, Ky., for 
the purpose of taking charge of the church at that 
village, he stopped at Nicholasville, where he died 
of cholera, Aug. 1, 1855. 

Waller, Rev. William Edmond, son of A. D. 

Waller, and grandson of Rev. George Waller, a 
young preacher of extraordinary gifts and of dis- 
tinguished piety and conversation, was born in 
Shelby Co., Ky., Nov. 17, 1845. He was educated 
in the city schools of Louisville. He united with 
Long Run Baptist church in Jefferson Co., Ky., in 
1866, and was licensed to preach the same year. 
In 1868 he was ordained, and soon after he was 
called to the care of the church at Jeffersontown, 
in Jefferson County, and afterwards to Harrod's 
Creek church, in Oldham County, to both of wiiich 
he preached until his death. He performed much 
valuable missionary labor, and for several years 
was clerk of Long Run Association. He died 
Nov. 10, 1878. 

Wallin, Rev. Benjamin, was bom in London, 
England, in 1711. He heard the word of life from 
his godly father, the Rev. Edward Wallin, from 
childhood, and in his young manhood he gave him- 
self to the Saviour, and was immersed by his 
father, and received into the church of which he 
was pastor. 

On Thursday, Oct. 15, 1741, he was ordained 
pastor of the Maze Pond church, London. Dr. Gill 
preached the sermon. Six ministers took part in 
the service, and it lasted from 10.30 a.m. to 2.45 
P.M.. — that is, four hours and fifteen minutes. The 
ministry with which Mr. Wallin was invested he 
honored for more than forty-one years, and during 
that lengthened service the Saviour gave him sign.al 
marks of his gracious favor. He died Feb. 19, 
1782. 

He was a man of sagacity, piety, Bible knowl- 
edge, and of zeal that burned like a fire. He was 
a poet, a Scripture expositor, and a great worker. 

His writings were numerous and valuable. He 
was the author of forty-one works, one of which 



WALSH 



WALTER 



was "Evangelical Hymns on Various Views of the 
Christian Life." He was a valued correspondent 
of President Manning, of Brown University, and 
left it a bequest in his will. 

Walsh, Alexander S., D.D., was born in the 
city of New York, Dec. 14, 1841. His fother was 
for a time an officer in the English army. Coming 
to America, he was employed by the great merchant 
A. T. Stewart, for whom Pr. AValsh was named. 
His father removed to Michigan and engaged in 
farming. In 18.54, under the patronage of an 
uncle, he entered the Polytechnic Institute of 
Brooklyn. He soon returned to Micliigan, and 
while a mere lad commenced speaking publicly on 
the great issues of the day, especially shivery. In 
iSGO he commenced study at Oberlin College. In 
1862 he enlisted in the army, and towards the close 
of the war was honorably discharged. He re- 
turned to Oberlin, and was graduated in 1866. He 
united with a Congregational church, and com- 
menced preaching in Norwalk, 0., organized a 
church, and was ordained its pastor. In 1868 he 
settled with a church in Kokomo, Ind. In 1869 he 
accepted a position in Emerson College, Ala., which 
he left for a tour in Europe. On his return, in 
1870, lie joined the Baptists. He settled in Ja- 
maica, L. I., preaching, lecturing, and editing the 
Long Island Farmer. While in the West he edited 
the Oberlin Court Record, the Student, and was a 
contributor to several Western papers. In 1872 
he accepted the pastorate of the Gethsemane (now 
Willowby Avenue) church, Brooklyn, where he 
met with great success. In 1877 he was called 
to the South church. New York, whei;e he was 
equally prosperous. He has baptized since joining 
the Baptists 500 converts. The degree of D.D. was 
conferred on him by Hillsdale College, Mich., in 
1877. 

Walter, Thomas IT., LL.D., son of Joseph S. 
and Deborah AValter, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., 
Sept. 4, 1804. He was given the name of a former 
pastor of his parents, — Thomas Ustick. 

His taste for architecture and mathematics was 
very early developed, and gave promise of future 
distinction. 

His education was libei-al. After spending some 
time in the ofiBce of William Strickland, Esq., he 
pursued an elaborate course of mathematics and 
the study of the physical sciences, and also gave 
special attention to the art of Inndscape-painting 
and the different branches of mechanical construc- 
tion. He re-entered Mr. Strickland's office in 1828, 
and devoted two years to the specific study of ar- 
chitecture, the practice of which he began in 1830. 

His first important public work was the Phila- 
delpliia County prison (Moyamensing). His de- 
signs were approved, and he was appointed archi- 
tect of the work in 1831. 



His design for the Girard College for Orphans 
was adopted by the select and common councils 
of Philadelphia in 1833 ; and the corner-stone of 




THOMAS U. WALTER, LL.D. 

that magnificent building was laid with appropriate 
ceremonies on the 4th day of July of that year. 

This imposing structure constitutes an enduring 
monument to the liberality of Stephen Girard, as 
well as to the skill and genius of Mr. AY alter, who 
planned it throughout and carried it on to comple- 
tion. It was finished in 1847, having been four- 
teen yeai-s in building. 

During the progress of this work Mr. Walter 
spent several months in Great Britain and on the 
continent of Europe, visiting public institutions 
and gratifying his taste on classic ground. 

Subsequently he submitted to the board of di- 
rectors an elaborate report, which became their 
guide in finishing and fitting up the college which 
now so admirably provides for the comfort, health, 
and instruction of nearly 1000 boys. 

In 1851 the designs of Mr. Walter for the exten- 
sion of the U. S. Capitol were approved, and he 
was appointed architect of the work hj the Presi- 
dent of the United States (Millard Fillmore). 

This appointment he held fourteen years, during 
which time, in addition to his specific work, he 
planned and executed the iron dome which now 
crowns the Capitol, the east and west wings of the 
Patent Office, and the extension of the General Post- 
office. He also designed the new treasury building, 
the marine barracks at Brooklyn and Pensacola, 
and the government hospital for the insane. 



WALTERS 



1208 



WARD 



As evidencing the estimation in which he is held, 
because of his literary and scientific attainments, 
it may be stated that he received the honorary 
degree of Master of Arts, in 1849, from Madison 
University, N. Y. In 1855, that of Doctor of Phi- 
losophy from the university at Lewisburg, Pa. 
And in 1857, from Harvard University, that of 
Doctor of Laws. 

Dr. AValter delivered a course of lectures on 
architecture before the students of Colutubian 
College, Washington, D. C, in 1860. He also de- 
livered many other popular lectures in Philadel- 
phia and vicinity, at one time holding a profes- 
sorship of Architecture in the Franklin Institute, 
and lecturing on his art for two succcessive seasons. 

He has been a member of the American Phil- 
osophical Society for nearly forty years, and of 
the Franklin Institute fifty years. He was also 
one of the original members of the American 
Institute of Architects, and is now (1879) its hon- 
ored president. 

He made a public profession of religion in 1829, 
having been baptized July 12 of that year in the 
river Schuylkill, at Spruce Street, by the Rev. 
John C. Murphy. On the same day he was publicly 
received into the membership of the Spruce Street 
Baptist church, then worshiping tempoi'arily in 
tiie court-house at the corner of Sixth and Chest- 
nut Streets, their meeting-house on Spruce Street 
not being completed. He was many years clerk 
of this church, and also superintendent of the Sun- 
day-school. 

When he removed to Washington, D. C, to 
take charge of the Capitol extension, he also re- 
moved his letter to the E Street Baptist church. 
His connection there was rich in fruits of well- 
directed effort, and will long be remembered by 
many, especially by a Bible-class of more than 
fifty young men, upon whom he left the impress 
of his own Bible-loving spirit. 

Upon returning to Philadelphia, he became one 
of the constituent members of the Second Baptist 
church of Germantown, in which he filled the office 
of deacon. 

More recently he removed to another part of the 
city, transferring his membership to the Memorial 
Baptist church. Here again he was called to the 
deaconship, and among his loved associates he yet 
lives, enjoying the privileges and activities of a 
Christian life. 

Walters, W. T., D.D., a conspicuous man in his 
■ day in the manngement of Baptist affairs in North 
Carolina, was born in Pittsylvania Co., Va., in 1825. 
He was baptized by Rev. J. L. Prichard, and by 
him influenced to become a student in Wake Forest 
College, where he graduated in 1848. He soon 
after became tutor, and in a year or two was 
made Professor of Mathematics in his alma mater. 



He remained in this position till the exercises of 
the college were suspended by the war. He was a 
trustee, and for the last two years of his life treas- 
urer, of the college, but was not again connected 
with it as instructor. In 1867, Dr. Walters became 
corresponding secretary of tlie Baptist State Con- 
vention, and did good service for three years in 
organizing the mission work of the State. 

He was three times identified with the press. In 
1867 he purchased, in connection with Mr. J. II. 
Mills, the Biblical Recorder, his interest in which he 
transferred to his partner in a few months. He 
edited the Farmer's Journal, under the management 
of Gen. Johnston Jones, and for several years he 
was the valuable agricultural editor of the Biblical 
Recorder. He was one of the best farmers in the 
State, and was a preacher of much vigor. The 
churches of Littleton and Wilson owe their exist- 
ence to him. He died Dec. 31, 1877. 

Walton, Rev. W. A., was born the slave of 
Col. James Mann. March 17, 1836, in Morgan Co., 
Ga. He was converted in 1856, and was baptized 
into the fellowship of Antioch church, Morgan 
Co., Ga., by Rev. J. Stillwell. Having removed 
tn Texas, he became a member of the Washington 
church, composed both of white and colored per- 
sons, under the ministry of Rev. Michael Ross. 
Under the preaching of Mr. Ross he stored his 
memory with passages of Scriptures in a wonder- 
ful degree, imitative of the mental habit of the 
preacher, who had been reared in England in the 
state church. Under the pastorate of Rev. James 
E. Paxton he was in 1866 licensed to pi-each the 
gospel, giving promise of great usefulness. He 
first went to school one month to Mr. AVatt Bon- 
ner ; second, two weeks to Samuel Carroll ; third, 
to J. H. Washington, two days ; fourth, to Dr. W. 
C. Crane, at Baylor University, Independence, two 
months. He has had the pastoral care of five 
churches, and has the pastoral care of four at 
this time, — Anderson, Grimes Co., with a member- 
ship of 275 ; Navisota, same county, membership, 
445 ; Washington, Washington Co., membership, 
363 ; Hempstead, Waller Co., membership, 385 ; to- 
tal memljership, 1368. He has baptized 863 per- 
sons since lie has been ordained to the gospel 
ministry. No colored minister in Texas draws 
larger congregations at all times to hear him, and 
no one exerts a better general influence over his 
race for time and eternity than W. A. Walton. 
He bids fair for a long life of usefulness. 

Ward, John, LL.D., was born in London, Eng- 
land, in 1679. His father was a Baptist minister, 
and he belonged to the congregation of Dr. J. Sten- 
nett. of his native citj'. He possessed learning of 
the highest order, and loved the acquisition of 
knowledge with an intense affection. 

In 1720 he was elected Professor of Rhetoric in 



WARD 



WARD 



Gresham College, London ; some time after, a 
member of the Royal Society ; and in 1752 one of 
its vice-presidents. The University of Edinburgh 
conferred on him the degree of LL.D. 

He was the author of " The Lives of the Gresham 
Professors," of " The Westminster Greek Gram- 
mar," and of other works. He aided Horsley in 
his "Britannia Romana," and Ainsworth in his 
" Dictionary." His information embraced almost 
every subject, and his character for piety, modesty, 
and usefulness made him an honor to our denomi- 
nation. 

In 1754, Dr. Ward put £1200 of bank stock in 
trust for the education of tvFO or more young men 
for the ministry in a Scotch university, or else- 
where. In 1876 there were four brethren aided by 
this fund. Some of our most distinguished Eng- 
lish ministers have received assistance from " Dr. 
Ward's Trust." The founder of it died in 1758. 

Ward, Prof. Milan L., was born in Meredith, 
N. Y., in 1829. He graduated at Madison Uni- 




versity, after which he taught in Norwich Acad- 
emy, then in Southampton Co., Ya. In 1860 he 
was called to the chair of Natural Sciences in the 
Delaware Literary Institute. In 1862 he became 
principal of Norwich Academy, which position he 
held until 1869, when he resigned. Under his 
administration the academy rose from a very low 
position to one of the highest rank, standing fifth 
among the two hundred academies in the State of 
New York. From 1869 to 1873, Prof. Ward had 
charge of the educational department of Ottawa 
77 



University, Kansas. In 1873 he was elected Pro- 
fessor of Matiiematics and English in the Kansas 
State Agricultural College, which position he still 
holds. He is also loan commissioner, librarian, 
and, in the absence of the president, acting presi- 
dent of the college. 

From the commencement of his religious life the 
predominant desire in Prof. Ward's heart has been 
to be useful while he lived. To this end he worked 
Ms way through college. He took a theological 
cours^, and was ordained to labor as a missionary 
preacher among the destitute churches in South- 
ampton Co., Va. But he soon became convinced 
that teaching, rather than preaching, should be his 
life-work. His highest ambition is to be recognized 
as a Christian educator. 

Prof. Ward takes an active interest in church 
and denominational work, and has held for three 
years the office of secretary of the Kansas Baptist 
Convention. 

Ward, Gov. Samuel, was bom in Newport, 
R. I., May 27, 1725. He was the second son of 
Gov. Richai'd Ward, and a lineal descendant of 
Roger Williams. He removed in early manhood 
to Westerly, R. I., and met with great pecuniary 
success in the agricultural and mercantile pursuits 
in which he engaged. He represented his adopted 
home for several years in the General Assembly 
of Rhode Island, and took a prominent part in its 
deliberations. In 1761 he was appointed chief jus- 
tice of the colony, and in May, 1762, was chosen 
its governor. He took a great interest in the 
founding of Rhode Island College, and was one of 
its trustees from 176-t to 1776. In 1765 he was re- 
elected governor. When the Stamp Act, so in- 
famous in the eyes of the colonists, was passed, 
and the governors of the colonies took an oath to 
sustain and enforce it, Gov. Ward alone persisted 
in his refusal to yield compliance. Once more he 
was chosen governor of the colony. At the end 
of his third term he retired to comparatively pri- 
vate life, but was a thoughtful observer of what 
was transpiring in the country, and took a decided 
stand from the outset against the oppressive acts 
of the British crown. He, with Stephen Hopkins, 
represented the State of Rhode Island in the Con- »s 
tinental Congress of 1774, and advocated the most 
vigorous measures against the encroachments of 
Parliament. When affairs reached a crisis, in con- 
sequence of the blood shed at Concord and Lexing- 
ton, Gov. Ward's counsel and advice in Congress 
were received with great deference. He was al- 
ways called to the chair when Congress went into 
a committee of the whole. He was chairman of 
several important committees, and among them 
that which was appointed to nominate a general 
for the American army, and he reported the name 
of Col. George Washington. His son, Capt. Sam- 



WARD 



1210 



WARDER 



uel Ward, occupied a prominent position in the 
Revolutionary forces, and enjoyed the intimate 
friendship of the commander-in-chief. The whole 
course of Gov. Ward through the early stages of 
the Revolution showed him to be a true patriot, 
ready to make any and every sacrifice for his coun- 
try's welfare. Had his life and health been spared, 
he would have continued to devote himself to the 
cause in which he had embarked " his life, his for- 
tune, and his sacred honor." In the midst of ar- 
duous duties, which must have taxed his energies 
to their utmost, he was attacked with the small- 
pox, and died March 26, 1776. In communicating 
the sad intelligence to the secretary of the State 
of Rhode Island, his colleague, Stephen Hopkins, 
says, among other things, "He will be carried into 
the great Presbyterian meeting-house in Arch 
Street, whore a funeral discourse will be delivered 
by the Rev. Samuel Stillman. The corpse will 
from thence be carried to the Baptist burying- 
ground in this city, and there interred." John 
Adams also writes, "Gov. Ward was an amiable 
and a sensible man, a steadfast friend to his coun- 
try, upon very pure principles. His funeral was 
attended with the same solemnities as Mr. Ran- 
dolph's. Mr. Stillman being the Anabaptist here, 
of which persuasion was the governor, was desired 
by Congress to preach a sermon, which he did with 
great applause." 

The body of Gov. Ward was interred in the 
grounds of the First Baptist church, in Philadel- 
phia, and a monument erected over his remains by 
order of the Rhode Island General Assembly. In 
1860 the body was removed to the cemetery of 
Newport, R. I. 

Ward, Thomas, was the eldest son of John 
Ward, who had been an officer in one of Crom- 
well's cavalry regiments, and, emigrating to Amer- 
ica from Gloucester, England, after the accession 
of King Charles II., he settled in Newport, R. I., 
where he died in April, 1698. His son Thomas 
preceded his father in taking up his residence in 
Newport, arriving there not far from 1660. For 
liis second wife he married Amy Smith, grand- 
daughter of Roger Williams. Backus says of him, 
" That he was a Baptist before he came out of 
Cromwell's army, and a very useful man in the 
colony of Rhode Island." For one year — 1677-78 
— he was general treasurer of the colony under the 
royal charter of Charles II. His descendants were 
among the most distinguished citizens of Rhode 
Island. His son Richard was governor of the col- 
ony, 1741-43, having previously been secretary of 
state for nineteen years, 1714-33. His grandson 
Samuel filled the highest posts of honor which his 
fellow-citizens could confer on him. A son of 
Samuel was secretary of state for thirty-seven 
years. The widow of Thomas Ward, already re- 



ferred to as the granddaughter of Roger Williams, 
married Arnold Collins, and their son, Henry Col- 
lins, who was an extensive merchant in Newport, 
R. I., became so good a patron of letters that he 
was called by Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse " the 
Lorenzo de' Medici of Rhode Island." 

Ward, Rev. William, the third of the famous 
Serampore triumvirate, was born at Derby, Eng- 
land, on Oct. 20, 1769. He served an apprentice- 
ship to a printer in his native town, and for a time 
edited with ability the Derby Mercury. He subse- 
quently edited newspapers at Stafford and Hull. 
In August, 1796, he was converted, and joined the 
Baptist church in Hull. His great talents could 
not be hid, and, at the instance of a benevolent 
friend, who undertook to pay all his expenses, he 
renounced journalism, and placed himself under 
the tuition of the Rev. Dr. Fawcett, at Ewood Hall, 
Yorkshire. Hearing some months afterwards that 
the Missionary Society wanted a printer to print 
the Bengalee translations of the Scriptures, he of- 
fered himself, and was gladly accepted. In 1811, 
Mr. AVard published the first edition of his popular 
and most valuable work on the Hindoos. Experi- 
ence has fully corroborated his statements, and it 
remains one of the standard books on the subject. 
Mr. Ward visited England in 1819, and was inces- 
santly occupied with public engagements. He was 
the first missionary who had ever returned from 
the East. His warm and animated addresses were 
well adapted to move popular assemblies. He also 
visited Holland, and then pi'oceeded to this country, 
where he spent three months, and raised $10,000 
for Serampore College. He was everywhere greeted 
with the warmest welcome. Whether in the pul- 
))it or on the platform, he was immensely popular. 
He returned to India in 1821, and, after a brief 
illness, died on March 7, 1823, aged fifty-three. 

Warder, Joseph W., D.D., was born in Logan 
Co., Ky., Oct. 13, 1825. He united with the Baptist 
church at Georgetown, and was licensed to preach 
while attending college at that place, where he 
graduated in 1845. He taught one year in the pri- 
mary department of that institution, and M-as elected 
to the chair of Mathematics, but declined the posi- 
tion and entered Newton Theological Seminary, 
where he graduated in 1849, having meanwhile 
spent some time at Princeton Theological Seminai'y. 
He was ordained to the ministry, and was a short 
time pastor of the Baptist church at Fi-ankfort, Ky. 
From 1851 to 1856 he was pastor of the church at 
Maysville, Ky. He then removed West, and at 
different periods was pastor at Lexington, Mo., 
Atchison, Kansas, Kansas City and Clinton, Mo., 
and Lawrence, Kansas. AVhile at Clinton he was 
for a time financial agent of AVilliam Jewell Col- 
lege. In 1875 he returned to Kentucky and 
the pastorate of Walnut Street Baptist 



WARDER 



1211 



WARNE 



church, in Louisville. He is now one of the lead- 
ing ministers of the South, and is distinguished for 
his learning, piety, and pulpit ability. 

Warder, Rev. Walter, son of Joseph AV'arder, 
a noted pioneer of Kentucky, was born in Fau- 
quier Co., Ya., in 17S7. lie removed with his 
father to Barren Co., Ky., about 1807, and the 
same y.ear united with Dripping Spring Baptist 
ciiurch. He came up out of the baptismal water 
exhorting sinners to repent, and from that time 
until his death was one of the most zealous, labori- 
ous, and efficient ministers in Kentucky. He was 
ordained as pastor of Dover church, in Barren 
County, about 1811. In 1814 he accepted the pas- 
torate of Mayslick church, in Mason Co., Ky., 
which position he filled until he finished his course. 
He preached extensively throughout the territory 
of Bracken Association and the adjacent parts of 
the State of Ohio. During a pastorate of twenty- 
two years there were received into Mayslick church 
1015 members. In the year 1828 he baptized into 
that church 485, and in the bounds of Bracken 
Association more than 1000. He died in Missouri 
in 1836. 

Warder, Rev. William, brother of Walter 
Warder, and equally brilliant and useful in the 
gospel ministry, was born in Fauquier Co., Va., 
Jan. 8, 1786. At the age of nineteen he went with 
his brother, the late Rev. John Warder, of Mis- 
souri, to Barren Co., Ky. He was baptized at the 
same time and place with his brother AV alter, and 
like him began to preach almost immediately after 
his baptism. He was licensed in 1809 and was 
ordained in 1811. For about eight years he gave 
himself to traveling and preaching over the central 
part of Kentucky, from the Tennessee line to the 
border of Ohio, with great success in winning souls 
to Christ. In 1820 he accepted a call to the church 
at Russellville, and soon afterwards to the churches 
of Glasgow and Bowling Green. In 1821 he mar- 
ried Miss Margaret, sister of the late Gov. Charles 
S. Morehead, of Kentucky, and settled near Rus- 
sellville, where he spent the remainder of his 
earthly pilgrimage, except one year passed in Nash- 
ville, Tenn. He possessed superior gifts as a 
preacher, and was a man of enlarged views and 
active entei-prise. He organized an "Educating 
Society" at Russellville, and thus laid the founda- 
tion of Bethel College. He was largely instru- 
mental in organizing Bethel Association, in 1824, 
out of a small missionary element in old Red River 
Association, which at its thirtieth anniversary con- 
tained an aggregate meml)ership of 7000, and had 
erected two prosperous colleges. He died Aug. 9, 
18.36. 

Ware, Rev. James Agnew, M.D., an eminent 

physician and preacher in Pontotoc Co., Miss., was 
born in South Carolina in 1804. After studying 



medicine and obtaining his degree he became im- 
pressed with the duty of preaching, and during his 
long life, while actively engaged in the practice of 
medicine, he was assiduous also in his ministerial 
lal)ors. He was ordained in 1834. He removed to 
Pontotoc Co., Miss., in 1836. At this time there 
were few ministers and churches in North Missis- 
sippi. In his own neighborhood there was but one 
preaching-place, — the Presbyterian mission station 
among the Indians. Among the foremost and most 
active of the few ministers then on the ground, he 
gathered, in 1837, a church called Tokshish, near 
Red Land, of which he became the first pastor, and 
almost the only pastor during his life. From this 
mother-church sprang a number of others, and 
many ministers went out from it under the foster- 
ing care of Dr. Ware. He died in 1865. 

Warfield, Rev. William C, a learned and bril- 
liant preacher of Kentucky, was born in Lexing- 
ton, of that State, in 1796. After a preparatory 
course he entered Transylvania University, remain- 
ing six years. About the end of the term he had 
an unfortunate altercation, which resulted in the 
serious injury of a comrade. In the confusion that 
ensued young Warfield fled from home and went to 
Bardstown, Ky., where he commenced reading law 
under the distinguished -Judge John Rowan. Soon 
after this he -was converted to Christ, returned to 
Lexington, and united with the Baptist church, 
where he was licensed to preach. He then spent 
two years in Princeton Theological Seminary. 
Returning home, he was ordained, and, after spend- 
ing a brief period in preaching around Lexington, 
he settled within the bounds of Bethel Association, 
where he spent the remainder of his life. His 
labors were blessed to the instruction of the young 
churches, and he was greatly lieloved and honored 
among them. He died Nov. 3, 1835. 

Warne, J. A., D.D., was born in the city of 
London, England, in the year 1795, and at an early 
age united with the Little Wild Sti-eet Baptist 
church of that great city. After receiving a 
thorough education at Stepney College, he oifered 
himself as a foreign missionary, but was comjielled 
to relinquish his purpose in that direction owing 
to feeble health. Determined to do the next best 
thing, he came with his wife to this country, and 
settled in North Carolina. While in the South he 
was pastor at Newbern and principal of Imwan 
Academy. Compelled again by ill health to make 
a change, he came North, and was stated supply or 
pastor of the First church. Providence, R. I., South 
Reading and Brookline, Mass., and Sansom Street, 
of Philadelphia. About the year 1845 he went out 
of the pastorate, and has since lived in retirement. 
He was not idle, however, in religious things. It 
vyas he who edited the Baptist edition of the " Com- 
prehensive Commentary." In his own neighbor- 



WARREN 



1212 



WARREN 



hood, far out in the suburbs, he has always been 
engaged in Christian work. 

The peculiar feature about his life, and that which 
gives it special nobility, was his consecration to the 
cause of foreign missions. Unable to go himself, 
he was deeply interested in sustaining those who 
could go. When Dr. Price's children came to this 
country, and their own relatives refused to receive 
them because their mother was a Burmese woman, 
he took them under his roof and gave them an 
education. Since his retirement from the pastorate 
he has occupied himself in making and saving 
money for foreign missions. His little farm be- 
coming valuable on account of the growth of the 
city, he sold out parts of it to advantage, and re- 
invested the money in houses. Some time before his 
death, which occurred early in 1881, feeling that 
his life was near its close, and wishing to save the 
expense of an executor and the State tax on willed 
property, he made over his entire estate to the Mis- 
sionary Union, accepting in return only a small 
annuity for himself and wife. The estate will 
probably amount to $40,000. 

All this shows the power of a consecrated pur- 
pose. Dr. Warne would have been glad to be a 
missionary ; but when that was denied him, he did 
not forget that he had given himself to the mission- 
ary cause, and determined to do his best to provide 
the means of sending others. In order to carry 
out this purpose as fully as possible he subjected 
himself to the closest economy, 

Warren, Gen. Eli, a lawyer of eminence, re- 
siding at Perry, Houston Co., Ga., still engaged 
(1880) in practice, although nearly eighty years of 
age, was born in Burke County, Feb. 27, 1801. 
His father was Josiah Warren, whose descendants 
occupy honorable and useful positions in Georgia. 
Early left an orphan, Eli AVarren was placed 
under the care of his eldest sister and her husband. 
Rev. Charles Culpepper, a Baptist minister, who 
instilled correct principles into his mind, which 
preserved him from the vices of that age. They 
gave him tlie best educational advantages of the 
day. Choosing the law for his profession, he was 
admitted to the bar in 1823, and has continued in 
its successful practice ever since. 

Gen. Warren was frequently sent to the State 
Legislature by his fellow-citizens in his younger 
days, and was elected brigadier-general of militia in 
1828, a position at that time of some prominence. 
Though urged to do so he has declined all other 
offices, devoting himself to his profession. In the 
winter of 1839^0 he settled in Perry, Houston 
Co., and at present no man in his section stands 
higher in public estimation. He has long been 
distinguished for his legal ability ; has always 
been considered a most amiable man, noted for his 
benevolence and hospitality ; and his life has ever 



been pure, sober, and honorable ; he has endeav- 
ored invariably to do good to every one, and es- 
pecially to young men, hundreds of whom he has 
aided by material assistance and advice, and by 
imjiressing on them the importance of honesty, 
temperance, and truthfulness. 

Gen. Warren has always acted on the principle 
that it is better to give to an unworthy object than 
fail to help a good one. He has always been a 
decided Baptist in principle, but never united with 
the church until October, 1869, since which time 
he has been a pious, active, and liberal church 
member. His hospitality knows no bounds. 

Warren, £. W., D.D., was born in Conecuh 
Co., Ala., March 16, 1820. Under the careful in- 




E. W. WARREX, D.D. 

struction of his father, the Rev. Kittrell Warren, 
a man of strong natural ability and unusual ora- 
torical powers, he acquired an ordinary English 
education, while at the same time spending the 
most of his time in assisting in the cultivation of 
the farm. For three or four years, and until he 
was twenty-three, he applied himself with great 
diligence to study, and then entered on the practice 
of law, having formed a copartnership with his 
uncle, the Hon. Lett Warren, a distinguished jurist 
of Georgia, and at one time a member of Congress. 
In the prosecution of his profession he met with 
gratifying success, and continued it for five or six 
years. In September, 1845, he united with the 
Baptist church at Starkville, Ga., taking an active 
part in all the services, and supplying in a meas- 
ure, during his absence, the place of his pastor, the 



WARREN 



1213 



WARREN- 



Rev. Dr. Winkler. Although quite successful in 
his occasional preaching, he felt a strong disincli- 
nation to give himself wholly to ministerial work, 
and the afliictive providences of God, only, brought 
him to complete submission to his will in this 
matter. He was licensed in 1849; and giving up 
the practice of his profession he took charge of a 
school, and foi" two years, during which time he 
occasionally preached, he made preparation for his 
future ministerial work. Having soon become 
pastor of a country church, his voice failed, and 
for a short time he edited the Christian Index, 
published at Macon, Ga. 

On the removal of the Rev. Dr. Landrum from 
the church in Macon to Savannah, Dr. Warren be- 
came pastor of the church in Macon, and continued 
in that relation for twelve years. From Macon he 
removed, in 1871, to Atlanta, Ga., and served the 
First Baptist church in that place with much suc- 
cess until, in 1876, he accepted the call to the pas- 
torate of the First Baptist church in Richmond, 
Va., succeeding the Rev. Dr. Burrows. Dr. War- 
ren has always been interested in the educa- 
tional enterprises of the denomination. For more 
than twenty years he was an active member of the 
board of trustees of Mercer University, Ga., and j 
•did much for the advancement of liberal education 
in that State. In 1875 Mercer University con- 
ferred on him the degree of D.D. AVhile in Rich- 
mond, Dr. Warren preached to one of the largest 
and most energetic Baptist congregations in the 
South, and he was highly esteemed by all who 
knew him. In the fall of 1879 he returned to the 
First church of Macon, where his labors are highly 
appreciated. 

Warren, Hon. Henry, was born in Nova Sco- 
tia in 1817 ; removed to the United States in 1830, 
and to Oregon in 1847. He was baptized in 1853; 
is a member and clerk of the church at MclMinn- 
ville ; has been a trustee of McMinnville College 
since its organization, in 1857, and is seci-etary of 
the college board ; was shei-ifif of Yamhill County 
seven years ; a member of the Oregon Legislature ; 
receiver of U. S. land-office nine years ; is now a 
prosperous business man at McMinnville, a thor- 
oughly active and liberal Baptist of wide influence 
in Oregon, and one of the strong supporters of the 
Baptist college in that State. 

Warren, Jonah G., D.D., was born in Ward, 
Mass., Sept. 11, 1812, and graduated at Brown 
University in 1835. He took the theological course 
at Newton, graduating in the class of 1 838. He was 
ordained at North Oxford, Mass., in September, 
1838, and accepted a call to the church at Chicopet, 
Mass., where he remained until 1849, when he be- 
came pastor of the church at North Troy, N. Y. His 
relation with this^hurch continued until 1855, when 
Jie was elected secretary of the American B*aptist 



Missionary Union, holding the office for seventeen 
years. He resigned his position in 1872. During 
this long term of service Dr. Warren rendered most 
efficient aid in advancing the cause of evangeliza- 
tion among the heathen, and saw the society in 
whose behalf he labored so zealously take a high 
position among the missionary organizations of 
the world. 

Dr. Warren received the degree of Doctor of 
Divinity from the Rochester University in 1856, 
and was a trustee of Brown University from 1858 
to 1873, when he resigned his office on account of 
ill health. 

Warren, Rev. Kittrell, was a son of Josiah 

Warren, and an elder brother of Hon. Lott Warren 
and Gen. Eli Warren. His ancestors came from 
England and settled in Virginia, from which Jo- 
siah Warren removed to North Carolina during 
the Revolutionai-y war, and from it to Bui-ke Co., 
Ga., where Kittrell was born Oct. 17, 1786. The 
family removed to Laui-ens County in 1804, and 
settled four miles below Dublin, where Josiah 
AVarren and his wife both died in 1809. Kittrell 
Warren married Mrs. Floyd, of Jefferson County, 
a woman of ardent and consistent piety, who after- 
wards professea conversion and was baptized. 

In 1817, Kittrell Warren moved to Alabama and 
united with a Baptist church in that State, and 
was ordained about 1827. Returning to Georgia 
in 1831, he settled in Houston County, 

He was a man of a devout spirit and of great 
benevolence, and to the day of his death diligently 
preached the gospel. He died in the year 1837. 

Warren, Judge Lott, rose to high distinction, 
and exercised an extended and salutary influence 
as a member of Congress, as a lawyer, and as a 
judge of the Superior Court. His ancestors came 
from England. Lott was born Oct. 30, 1797, in 
Burke Co., Ga. He was admitted to the bar in 
1821. In the year previous he had served as sec- 
ond lieutenant in Capt. Dean's company, under 
Col. Wright, in the State militia, during the Semi- 
nole war, Gen. Gaines being in command of the 
State troops ; and he was present at the burning 
of the Indian town of Chehaw, in what is now Lee 
County. He began to practise law in Dublin, but 
afterwards removed to Marion, Twiggs Co., and 
from it to Americas in 1836. Half a dozen years 
later he removed to Albany, where he resided the 
remainder of his life. He was called by his fellow- 
citizens to many important positions. For a time 
he was a member of the State senate. He was, 
also, solicitor-general and judge of the Southern 
circuit. Subsequently he was elected twice to 
serve his State in Congress, and afterwards was 
elected twice to serve on the bench of the South- 
western circuit. In these various offices he dis- 
charged his duties to the entire satisfaction of the 



WARREN 



1214 



WARREN 



people, by whom he was most highly respected. 
He died on the 17th of June, 1861, but he had not 
been called away unprepared. For nearly twenty 
years he had been a decided Christian and a firm 
Baptist. He had even been set apart to the work 
of the gospel ministry, but only occasionally oflSci- 
ated in the pulpit. He was a man of earnest piety, 
decided opinions, and great moral firmness. He 
was a friend of the poor, a bold and able champion 
in the cause of temperance, and an unwearied sup- 
porter of the Sunday-school cause, laboring for 
many years with indefatigable zeal as a teacher. 
He was a lover of gospel truth, and of the gates of 
Zion. It deserves to be placed on record that the 
representative, lawyer, statesman, and judge was, 
on days of public worship, to friends and strangers, 
rich and poor, the watchful, afiectionate, gentle- 
manly doorkeeper of the sanctuary in providing 
comfortable seats for those who attended worship. 

Warren, R. I., Baptist Church. — In the year 
1663, Rev. John Miles came to this country from 
Wales, and settled in the town of Rehoboth, then in 
the colony of Plymouth. The town covered a large 
territory, out of which several others have been 
formed. Mr. Miles being a heretic of the Roger 
Williams order was not allowed to remain in Reho- 
both. He removed with his church to a grant of 
land called Wannanioiset, which he had obtained 
from the Plymouth Colony, and commenced a set- 
tlement, to which he gave the name of his home 
far across the waters, Swanzey. This territory 
embraced what are now the towns of Somerset, 
Barrington, AVarren, and Swanzey. Until 1746 it 
was in Massachusetts. In that year a part of the 
territory was brought within the limits of Rhode 
Island. On the 15th of November, 1764, twenty 
brethren and thirty-eight sisters, the majority of 
the whole number being members of the Swanzey 
church, were constituted a Baptist church in the 
village of Warren. The formation of the church 
at this time was probably hastened by the follow- 
ing circumstance. The Rev. James Manning, of 
New Jersey, was sent to Rhode Island to found an 
institution in the "colony of Rhode Island, under 
the chief direction of the Baptists, in which educa- 
tion might be promoted, and superior learning ob- 
tained." Several towns urged their claims to be 
the home of the new college. It was decided after 
much discussion to locate it in Warren. 

In deciding to lay the foundations of the college 
in Warren, it was understood that the members of 
the Swanzey church residing there would carry 
out a purpose already formed, to withdraw, and 
with other Baptists form a new church, to the pas- 
torate of which the new president should be called, 
and thus a salai-y raised sufficient to meet his pecu- 
niary wants. The call to Mr. Manning is dated 
Feb. 17, 1764, but the church was not formed, as 



we have seen, until the following Novem))er. The 
declaration from the religious society which called 
him to be their minister is worthy of permanent 
record : " As we are of opinion that they Avho 
preach the gospel should live of the gospel, we do 
here declare our intention to render your life as 
happy as possible, by our brotherly conduct towards 
you, and communicating our temporal things to 
your necessities, so long as God in his providence 
shall continue us together." A house of worship 
was built soon after Dr. Manning took up his resi- 
dence in Wai-ren. Some of the bills which were 
contracted are a curiosity in their way. The pulpit 
cost about thirty dollars. The price of meals in 
those days of rare economy was six cents each. 
We might suppose that the one-half day's labor of a 
horse, which was set down at £9, and the one day's 
work of "Negro Sharpe," which is placed at £4, 
were indications that very large wages were paid 
in those primitive times, until we learn that their 
"pounds" were worth not fixr from ten cents each. 
The parsonage erected for the use of the reverend 
gentleman, who combined in his one person the 
two offices of president of an infant college and 
pastor of an infant church, cost $316. 

The ministry of Dr. Manning was followed with 
a rich blessing from the great head of the church. 
While performing the duties of his presidential 
office, he watched over the spiritual interests of the 
people committed to his charge. In 1766, under 
date of August 28, " it was moved that an asso- 
ciation be entered into with sundry churches of the 
same faith and order, as it was judged a likely 
method to promote the peace of the churches." 
Out of that vote sprang the Warren Baptist Asso- 
ciation, the venerable mother of all the Associa- 
tions in New England. Dr. Manning, with all his 
respect for the rights of conscience, was a man of 
" law and order." When Brother Samuel Hicks 
felt moved to preach, whether by a good or a bad 
spirit we do not venture to say, without a regular 
license from the church, it was voted " that he is 
hereby forbidden, as a member of this body, from 
any further attempts until he is properly called by 
the church, and that the church see no reason to 
give him such a call, nor encourage him as a 
preacher." Brother Hicks, however, was not to 
be restrained from doing what doubtless he thought 
was his duty, whereupon it was voted that he be 
"cut off from the church as a disorderly member, 
one that causes divisions, contrary to the doctrines 
of Christ, and must be noted for avoidance." 

At length the question of a change of location 
of the college was decided, and Providence was 
selected as its future home. The struggle through 
M'hich Dr. Manning passed in deciding to continue 
his (jonnection with it and break the tie which 
bound him to his church was very great, and Mr. 



WARREN 



WASHINGTON 



Spalding tells us that " at one time he was about 
to resign the presidency rather than the pastorate." 
In light of subsequent events no one can doubt the 
wisdom of the decision which he finally reached. 

The successor of Dr. Manning was Kev. Charles 
Thompson, of whom there is a sketch in this vol- 
ume. He was ordained July 3, 1771, and remained 
as pastor of the church until he was forced to leave 
in consequence of tlie destruction by fire of the 
meetinghouse and parsonage, by British and Hes- 
sian troops in 1778. The Baptists of AV'arren wor- 
shiped with the old Swanzey church after the loss 
of their meeting-house, where for seven years they 
sat under the ministry of Mr. Thompson, who had 
been called to be the pastor of the mother-church. 

In 1784 a new church edifice was erected. The 
next pastor of the church was Rev. John Pitman, 
who entered upon his ministry Oct. 26, 1786. His 
ministry continued three years and a half. The 
fourth pastor was Rev. Luther Baker, during whose 
pastorate there were several most fruitful revivals, 
and large additions were made to the church. The 
next three pastors wei'e Rev. Messrs. Silas Hall, 
Daniel Cheesman, and Flavel Shurtleff, whose pas- 
torates were comparatively short. The Rev. John C. 
Welsh, the next minister, commenced his pastorate 
June 11, 1823, and continued in his office seventeen 
years. His ministry was blessed with several re- 
vivals. Tlie ninth pastor of the church was Rev. 
Josiah Phillips Justin, during whose ministry the 
present elegant and commodious stone edifice was 
built, and dedicated on the 8th of May, 1845. He 
resigned Oct. 23, 1849. Rev. Dr. Robert A. Fyfe, 
Rev. Messrs. Myron Munson Dean, George S. Chase, 
A. F. Spalding, and S. R. Dexter have ministered 
to this ancient church during the period which 
has elapsed between 1849 and the time of writing 
this sketch. 

The Warren church is among the oldest of the 
New England churches ; it gave its name to the 
first Baptist Association in New England, and it 
has had in its ministry men of God, " good and 
true," whose labors have been signally blessed by 
him whose they were and whom they tried to serve. 

Warren, Rev. W. H., was born in Prince Ed- 
ward Island in 184-5, and was converted and bap- 
tized in his native place in 1865. • He graduated 
from Acadia College in -June, 1871, and was or- 
dained at Cavendish, Prince Edward Island, Feb. 
28, 1872. He became pastor in 1874 of the Tem- 
ple church, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, leaving there 
in August, 1878, to take charge of the Baptist 
church at Bridgetown, Nova Scotia. Mr. Warren 
also occupied the position of corresponding secre- 
tary to the Home Missionary Board at Yarmouth. 

Washburn, Hon. Henry Stevenson, was bom 
in Providence, R. I., in 1813. Both of his parents 
were of Puritan ancestry. At the early age of 



thirteen he was placed in a store in Boston. His 
plans for life being changed, he pursued a course 
of study at the Worcester Academy, and entered 
Brown University in 1836, wliere he remained 
nearly a year, and then was compelled, on account 
of ill health, to abandon his purpose of obtaining 
a collegiate education. Soon after leaving college 
he was appointed depositarian of the New England 
Sunday-School Union, and held this office seven 
years. Subsequently he became a manufacturer 
in Worcester and Boston, and afterwards was ap- 
pointed president of the Union Mutual Life In- 
sui-ance Company. He spent three years abroad 
in behalf of the company. Mr. Washburn has oc- 
cupied many positions of honor and responsibility. 
For four years he was president of the Worcester 
County Manufacturers' and Mechanics' Associa- 
tion, and for nine years was a member of the Bos- 
ton School Board. He was a representative from 
Boston two years in the Massachusetts Legislature, 
and for one year he was in the State senate, where 
he was chairman of the Committee on Education. 
He has carefully cultivated his literary tastes, and 
has published many hymns, lyrics, etc. He orig- 
inated the Young Reaper, of which he was the 
editor seven years. He has also written and pub- 
lished much on life insurance, as the result of his 
personal observations in Great Britain, France, and 
Germany. His present residence is in Boston. 

Washington, Mrs. Elizabeth Cobb.— Among 
those of our Baptist Zion who have adorned the 
gospel by their works of faith and labors of love 
the name of this sainted woman merits honorable 
mention. Her maiden name was Cobb, and she 
was born in Lenoir Co., N. C, April 27, 1780. 
In 1800 she married Mr. John Washington, of 
Kinston, related to Gen. Geo. Washington, and re- 
moved to Newbern in 1831. 

She was christened in infancy, her family being 
Episcopalians, but having made a profession of 
faith in Christ after marriage, she was baptized 
into the fellowship of Southwest Baptist church, 
Lenoir Co., where her membership remained as 
long as she lived. After the death of her husband, 
in 1837, she made her home with her daughter, 
Mrs. Gov. W. A. Graham, a Baptist, eminent for 
her faith and usefulness. 

Mrs. Washington's benefactions were many, con- 
sidering her income, were large, and extended 
through the whole course of her life. She gave 
$1000 for the erection of a church at Newbern, 
§100 each to the churches of Raleigh and Chapel 
Hill, and S2000 to build the church at Hills- 
borough. She was an ai'dent friend of ministerial 
education, and not only contributed to the South- 
ern Baptist Theological Seminary, but in addition 
to other gifts to Wake Forest College, bought a 
scholarship, worth $500, in 1855. She also aided 



WASHINGTON 



WATERHOUSE 



several of our most useful ministers with the means 
to prosecute their studies at college. She died in 
Hillsbarough, at the house of Gov. Graham, March 
8, 1858, and was buried by the side of her husband 
in Newbern. 

Washington Territory is the extreme north- 
western portion of the United States possessions, 
except Alaska. It has splendid harbors, is rich in 
forests and agricultural resources, and is fast be- 
coming peopled with enterprising men. CoJfax, 
Olympia, Seattle, and Walla Walla are rapidly- 
growing cities. The Baptists in this State are be- 
ginning to show much strength, and are laying- 
foundations for a vigorous future. Several churches 
have been organized, by its pioneer preachers and 
others, who have con\e to their aid, such as Revs. 
R. Weston, P. H. Harper, W. E. M. James, J. P. 
Ludlow, Hon. and Rev. Judge Roger S. Greene, 
and J. L. Blitch, D.D. Two Associations and a 
Convention are organized, and the foundation- 
work for a Baptist school of. learning has been 
laid. The Colfax Academy and Business Institute, 
with Miss L. L. West as principal, gives promise 
of good service for the denomination in Washing- 
ton Territory. 

Watchman, The, a weekly religious paper, pub- 
lished in Boston, was started, in 1819, by True & 
AVeston, Mr. Weston being its first editor. The 
original name of the paper was The Christian 
Watchman, and it was intended to be an organ of 
the Baptist denomination, setting forth and vin- 
dicating, in a kind, Christian spirit, the peculiar 
tenets and practices of the Baptist churches in this 
country. Messrs. True & Weston did not long 
retain their connection with the paper, but passed 
it into the hands of William Nichols, Deacon James 
Loring acting as its editor. Here it remained for 
fifteen years, and, as an exponent of Baptist prin- 
ciples and practices, it performed excellent service 
for the denomination. On the retirement of Dea- 
con Loring from the editorial chair. Rev. B. F. 
Farnsworth took charge of the paper for a few 
months, when he was succeeded by Rev. Ebenezer 
Thresher, who was its editor for three years. 
During the next ten years — from 1838 to 1848 — 
The Christian Watchman was under the editorial 
management of Rev. William Crowell, whose abil- 
ity as a writer was everywhere acknowledged. 
Under his supervision the paper took a high posi- 
tion among the religious periodicals of the day. 
In consequence of what by many were regarded as 
too conservative views on the exciting topics which 
were agitating the community during this period, 
Mr. Crowell's position was condemned; and there 
seeming to be a call for the establishment of an- 
other paper, the Christian Reflector was started in 
AVorcester, Mass., with Cyrus Grosvenor as editor, 
and W. S. Dannell as publisher. In 1844 the new 



paper was removed to Boston, and, under the edi- 
torial management of Rev. II. A. Graves, it was 
not long before its circulation exceeded that of The 
Christian Watchman. The health of Mr. Graves 
led to his resignation, and the paper passed into 
the hands of R(Jv. J. W. Olmstead. The two papers 
were united in 1848, under the editorial manage- 
ment of Messrs. Olmstead and Hague. Mr. D. S. 
Ford, one of the publishers, soon came upon the 
editorial staff, his specialty being the arrangement 
of the outside of the paper, which, by his enterprise 
and rare tact, was made as attractive as the inside. 
The general tone and circulation of tiie paper con- 
tinued to improve from year to year until 1867, 
when it was enlarged to an eight-paged sheet, 
furnishing to its patrons nearly double the amount 
of reading matter, with but a small increase in its 
price. Mr. Ford retired from the Watchman and 
Reflector at the close of the year 1867, and the pro- 
prietorship and editorial management were in the 
hands of Dr. Olmstead. The Christian Era, which 
commenced its existence in Lowell, Mass., in 1852, 
to meet the demand for a more thoroughly out- 
spoken anti-slavery paper, after passing through a 
successful career, chiefly under the management 
of its editor, Rev. Dr. AYebster, was merged into 
what, under the present arrangement, is called 
The Watchman, at the close of 1875. The editors 
of The Watchman were Drs. Olmstead, Lorinier, 
and Johnson during the year 1876. Rev. L. E. 
Smith, D.D., for a long time connected with the 
Examiner, of New York, took the editorial chair at 
the beginning of 1877. The circulation of the paper 
in 1878 was a little under 20,000, and was con- 
stantly increasing. Its growth has been extraor- 
dinary. The Christian Watchman, insignificant 
in size, has expanded to a sheet 49 inches by 33, 
nearly eight times as large as at its birth. The 
expense of a single paper for original matter has 
been often larger than the former outlay for an 
entire year. It cannot be doubted that a prosper- 
ous future is before it. 

Waterhouse, Eev. Charles W., was born in 
Ridgefieid, Conn., Sept. 16, 1811; was graduated 
at Madison University in 1839, and from the semi- 
nary at Hamilton in 1841. In 1852 he was en- 
gaged in building up an interest of the city mis- 
sion in Newark. He has been pastor of several 
churches, and has taught much, especially the 
classics. Though in feeble health, he preaches 
occasionally, and is a prominent member in the 
church at Lakewood, N. J., where he resides. He 
has been a close student of the original languages 
of the Bible ; was engaged in translation service 
for the Bible Union, and has been for years at 
work upon a critical revision of the New Testa- 
ment, accompanied with philological notes. He is 
particularly methodical in his studies, remarkably 



WATERS 



WATTS 



correct in his translations, an excellent Bible-class 
teacher, and a frequent contributor to the religious 
press. 

Waters, Rev. James, pastor of the Edgefield 

Baptist church since June, 1879, was born at 
Waterstown, Wilson Co., Tenn., — a son of W. T. 
Waters, a leading citizen of that part of the State. 
He was educated at Union University, Murfrees- 
I)orough, Tenn., where he graduated with the high- 
est honors in 1858. Tiie year previous he united 
with the Baptist church at Murfreesborough, and 
at once began tlie study of theology. After grad- 
uating he took charge of the church in his native 
place, and preached there and in adjacent communi- 
ties until 1862, when he removed to Pennsylvania, 
where he spent three years as teacher, principally 
in Meadville and in the Lewisburg University. 
In 1866 he resumed the work of the ministry, 
serving churches in Philadelphia, Pa., Mount 
Holly, N. J., and Wilmington, Del., until 1873, 
when he was chosen by the American Baptist Pub- 
lication Society as district secretary in New York 
City and vicinity. This position he held success- 
fully until the fall of 1870, when he retired to. 
devote a season to the study of law, in New York 
City, to which he had given some attention during 
his secretaryship. He graduated at Columbia Col- 
lege in the law department. Meantime he served 
the church at Passaic, N. J., as pastor until the 
spring of 1879, when he settled at Edgefield, Tenn. 
The average increase in churches he has served 
has been about twenty-five per annum, and these 
are distributed over the year. He pi-epares his 
sermons with care, and speaks with or without 
notes with equal ease. He has written consider- 
ably for the Religious Herald over the nam de 
plume, of " Tyro," for the National Baptist as 
" Sajem," and has published occasional sermons. 
He is a son-in-law of Dr. J. M. Pendleton. 
Watkinson, Rev. William E., was bom at 

Pemberton, N. -J., -June 30, 1821 : was baptized by 
Rev. George B. Ide, and joined the First Baptist 
church, Philadelphia, in 1841. He was licensed to 
preach, in 1852, by the First Baptist church of 
Chicago, 111., entering the ministry directly from 
mercantile life. He was ordained at Manayunk, 
Philadelphia, March 2-1, 1854; has been pastor at 
INIanayunk, AVest Chester, Nicetown, Pa., Hamil- 
ton Square and Kingwood, N. J. The present 
pastorate at Kingwood began April 1, 1876. He 
has baptized a large number, several of whom have 
entered the ministry, and he has taught a Bible- 
class for more than thirty-seven years. He is a 
brother of the Rev. BI. R. Watkinson, a minister 
of unusual talents, who was greatly blessed in his 
labors both in the North and in the South, who 
died a few years ago lamented by large numbers 
who knew his great worth and deep piety. 



Watson, James Madison, a deacon of the 
Central Baptist church, Elizabeth, N. J., was born 
in Central New York, and is a well-known author 
and teacher. His series of works on elocution has 
been widely circulated, and his improved reading 
books are much used. Mr. Watson is a ready 
worker in the church as well as in the cause of 
secular education. 

Watson, Rev. Jonathan, was born at ]Mont- 
rose, Scotland, in 1794. He studied medicine and 
practised his profession in his native place. He 
began his ministry in early life, his first pastoral 
charge being at Dundee, whence he removed after 
a brief residence to Cupar, Fife. In both places he 
continued the practice of his profession. During 
his residence at Cupar he was greatly blessed in 
his ministry, the Baptist church there having been 
founded by him in 1816. In 1842 he i-emoved to 
Edinburgh to become the colleague of Dr. Innes, 
minister of the Elder Street Baptist church. After 
Dr. Innes's death Mr. Watson Itecame sole pastor. 
A new edifice was erected in 1858. In 1S68 the 
chui'ch associated with him the Rev. Samuel New- 
man as co-pastor, a relationship which continued 
until his death, Oct. 19, 1878, at the ripe age of 
eighty-four. Mr. Watson filled for many years a 
leading position in evangelical circles in Edin- 
burgh, and associated his name with many impor- 
tant public questions. He was one of the founders 
of the Medical Missionary Society. In his old age 
he published a volume entitled "Preparing for 
Home," which had a wide circulation, and went 
through several editions. At the time of his death 
he was supposed to be the oldest of Scottish minis- 
ters, having been in the ministry for the long pe- 
riod of sixty-four years. He took a warm interest 
in the work of the Baptist Missionary Society, and 
was chosen one of the honorary members of the 
committee when age disabled him from active ser- 
vice. 

Watson, Deacon W. W., who died at Spring- 
field, 111., in Novemiber, 1874, in the eighty-first 
year of his age, was born at Moorestown, N. J., 
April 1, 1794. In 1815 he removed to Lexington, 
Ky., in 1817 to Nashville, Tenn., and in 1836 to 
Illinois. He was closely identified with denomi- 
national movements in the State, especially as con- 
nected with missions ; having been one of those by 
whom the General Association was organized. 

Watts, Rev. James Molison, was born in 
Guilford Co., N. C, March 22, 1817. In his early 
childhood his parents removed to Georgia, and in 
August, 1834, he professed faith in Christ, and 
united with the First Baptist church in Columbus. 
He took an active part in all Christian work, and 
was clerk of his Association. Subsequently he re- 
moved to Alabama, where he was ordained May 
26, 1843. During the years 1854 and 1855 he was 



WATTS 



1218 



WAUGH 



associated with Dr. Samuel Henderson in the edi- 
torship of the Southwestern Baptist, at Tuskegee, 
Ala., in which position he won considerable repu- 
tation as a clear and forcible writer. Afterwards 
he returned to Georgia, and resided in Cohnnbus, 
where he died of consumption Feb. 2, 1866. His 
last words were, " All is well." 

Watts, Rev. John, was born Nov. 3, 1661, at 
Lydd, County of Kent, England, and came to 
America about 1686. He was baptized at Lower 
Dublin, Nov. 21, 1687, and he succeeded Elias 
Keach as pastor of the Lower Dublin church in 
1691. He held this office until Aug. 27, 1702, when 
he died of smallpox. Mr. Watts was well acquainted 
with divinity, and his general learning was re- 
spectable ; he was also an author of no mean 
ability. 

Watts, Gov. Thomas Hill, was born in Butler 
Co.. Ala., Jan. 3, 1819. Graduated from the Uni- 




GOV. THOMAS HILL WATTS. 

varsity of Virginia in 1840. In 1841 began the 
practice of law at Greenville in his native county, 
and soon acquired a profitable business. In 1842 
he was elected to the Legislature ; was returned in 
1844 and in 1845. In 1847 he removed to the city 
of Montgomery, and has resided there ever since, 
pursuing mainly the practice of law. In 1849 he 
was elected to the Legislature from Montgomery 
County ; in 1853 to the State senate. In 1861, 
with the Hon. William L. Yancey, he represented 
Montgomery County in the secession convention. 
The same year, as colonel of the 17th Alabama Regi- 
ment, he went to the seat of war, where he re- 



mained until April 9, 1862, when he was chosen 
by President Davis to the position of attorney- 
general in his cabinet ; remained there until elected 
governor of Alabama, in 1863, a position which 
he held until the fortunes of war destroyed the 
Confederate cause. Since that time he has prac- 
tised law in Montgomery, standing among the 
most eminent in that profession in Alabama. 

In 1846, in Greenville, he was baptized by Rev. 
David Lee. Since his removal to Montgomery he 
has occupied a most prominent position in the mem- 
bership of the First Baptist church, lias often 
given liberally to the enterprises of the denomina- 
tion at large as well as in his own city. He is a 
strict temperance man. Before the war Gov. Watts 
had acquired a large fortune, but that unhappy 
struggle stripped him of all. He often expresses 
it as his chief regret that his changed circumstances 
deprive him of the ability to give as he once could 
to religion, education, and the general public weal. 
With cheerful heart, pleasant face, and kind words 
he prosecutes the arduous duties of his profes- 
sion, maintaining his house on a liberal basis, 
and giving generously to objects of benevolence, 
Alabama has not a more distinguished citizen. 

Waugh, Rev. C; V., is a native of Virginia, 
and was born at Manchester, in that State, in 
1849. His grandfather came from Ireland. Ilis 
parents are yet living, but advanced in years. 
They set their hearts upon educating him for a phy- 
sician, but the late war frustrated their plans, and 
this was providential, for God designed him for 
another work. 

He was converted in 1865, and was baptized by 
Dr. W. E. Hatcher at Manchester, in February, 
1866. He came up from his baptismal grave ask- 
ing, "Lord, what wilt thou have me to do?" and 
was at once impressed that it was his duty to 
preach, and this conviction grew upon him until 
he yielded to God's call. 

The church at Manchester decided that he should 
go to Richmond College. He entered it and gi-ad- 
uated. During his course he was awarded a gold 
medal for being the best speaker in his society^ — 
Philologian. 

Leaving college with health impaired, he went 
to Hillsborough, Albemarle Co., taught school, and 
preached successfully. At this place, March 9, 
1873, he was ordained by J. E. Massie, S. P. Ilufi", 
P. Cleaveland, and J. C. Long. He resigned his 
church in 1874, and in October of that year en- 
tered the theological seminary, desiring to take 
a full course, but on account of declining health 
pursued the pastor's course only, and in 1875 en- 
tered the pastorate at Modest Town, Va., to which 
he had been invited before entering the seminary. 

Here he labored until he was providentially di- 
rected to Gainesville, Fla., from which a call was 



WAUKESHA 



WAYLAND 



extended to him, and at the same time he was ad- 
vised by his physician to go South. He accepted 
the invitation to become the pastor of Gainesville 
church, and came to the State in 1876. During his 
pastorate the church has been much strengthened, 
the house of worship enlarged, a baptistery put in, 
and other improvements have been made. Besides 
his work in Gainesville, he has visited other im- 
portant points and assisted successfully in pro- 
tracted meetings. 

Mr. Waugh is industrious and enthusiastic in 
his undertakings. He is a vigorous thinker and a 
good sermonizer. He has been clerk of his Asso- 
ciation and of the State Convention, and he has 
been president of the Alachua County Bible 
Society. 

Waukesha, Wis., in its early history was 
simply Prairieville, a neat rural village, set in the 
midst of a beautiful farming country. But Prairie- 
ville was exchanged for the Indian name which 
it now bears. It is worthy to be noticed in Bap- 
tist history, because here the second Baptist church 
organized in the State was founded, and here Dr. 
Robert Boyd, of sainted memory, had his home 
for many years ; here he prepared on his couch 
of suffering the books which have comforted so 
many believers and led so many sinners to Christ. 
Here, too, for more than a quarter of a century 
has been the home of Dr. A. Kendrick, father 
of President Kendrick, of Shurtleff College. In 
recent years it has become famous through its 
Bethesda Springs as a summer resort, and* the 
place overflows in the summer season with visitors. 
Waul, Gen. Thomas N., stands in the front 
rank among the leading men of Texas, and without 
a superior as a lawyer at the Galveston bar. He 
was born in Sumter District, S. C, Jan. 8, 1815. 
His education was received in South Carolina, from 
whose State institution. South Carolina College, he 
graduated. He studied law in Vicksburg, Miss., 
with Hon. Sergeant S. Prentiss, the distinguished 
political orator and lawyer. He commenced the 
practice of law in July, 1835, when twenty years 
of age. He early distinguished himself in Missis- 
sippi, and when chosen judge of the Circuit Court 
exhibited signal ability. He was a prominent 
member of the first Confederate Congress from the 
State of Texas. He was a general in the Confed- 
erate army, having raised the command well known 
as " Waul's Legion." His career as a soldier was 
marked by eminent skill and gallantry. He re- 
ceived a severe wound in a Louisiana engagement. 
He professed religion at Grenada, Miss., in 1846, 
and was baptized by Rev. E. C. Eager. He iden- 
tified himself with the cause of Christ, taking a 
deep interest in the promotion of measures for ad- 
vancing education and home and foreign missions. 
He served most acceptably as moderator of the 



Yalobusha Association, Miss., and from May, 1855, 
to November, 1859, was elected president annually 
of the Mississippi Baptist State Convention, and 
served with rare parliamentary tact. The Missis- 
sippi Convention then embraced important places 
in Louisiana, especially New Orleans. He is now 
a member of the First Baptist church in Galveston, 
under the care of Rev. Wm. Howard, D.D., and 
besides discharging his church duties and attending 
to a large legal practice, gives much attention to 
the cause of public education. 

Wayland Academy, — Early educational move- 
ments in Wisconsin resulted in the establishment 
of Wayland Academy, at Beaver Dam, for young 
men, and the Baptist Female College, at Fox Lake, 
for young women ; the former in 1854 and the lat- 
ter in 1855. At Beaver Dam a college building 
was erected at a cost of $20,000, the corner-stone 
of which was laid July 4, 1855. At Fox Lake a 
college building was reared at a cost of $10,000. 
The preparatory department of the college at Beaver 
Dam was opened Sept. 19, 1855, with Benjamin 
Newall, A.B., as principal, and Rev. H. I. Parker, 
who had recently entered the State from New Eng- 
land, as financial agent. Forty students were en- 
tered the first cerm. The Female College at Fox 
Lake was opened the second Wednesday in October, 
and continued through the year with Miss Scriburt 
as principal, Mrs. Phebe Thompson, associate prin- 
cipal, and fifty-eight students in attendance. In 
1858, three years after the opening, the board of 
instruction at Wayland was Allen S. Hutchens, 
chairman of the faculty, and Professor of the Greek 
and Latin Languages ; Benjamin Newall, Professor 
of Mathematics ; Charles Hutchens, Tutor ; and 
H. B. Moore, Principal of the Academic Depart- 
ment. Eighty-five students were enrolled. The 
teachers at the Female College at Fox Lake were 
the same as at the opening, and 115 pupils were in 
attendance. About $30,000 had been expended in 
buildings and college appointments. It is doubtful 
whether the Baptist denomination in any State 
ever laid better foundations for Christian education 
at greater sacrifices than the Baptists of Wisconsin 
in the founding and establishment of these Chris- 
tian institutions of learning. Of subsequent sad 
trials and crushing disappointments it is not neces- 
sary here to speak. They were organized and con- 
ducted through their early triumphs and defeats by 
as devoted and self-denying a company of men as 
ever toiled and prayed in the ranks of the Baptist 
ministry in America, and carried on through their 
trials and embarrassments by as brave a band of 
teachers as ever gathered and taught classes. Many 
of these noble men are still doing service on earth, 
but some are now in glory. Fish, De Laney, Un- 
derwood, Hutchens, and Newall among the living, 
and Bright and Whitman among the dead, have 



WA YLAND 



WA YLAND 



left, in the founding of these ihstitutions, their 
noblest work. 

Wayland Academy, in its present position, is 
doing, and is destined to perform, a splendid work 
for the Baptists of Wisconsin. It is moving to the 
front rank of well-endowed academies, where the 
best preparation is given for the college and the 
university and all the needs of practical life. It 
has an able and thoroughlj' qualified corps of in- 
structors, and generous hearts have made ample 
provision by will for its future, and though strug- 
gling for want of present resources, its prospects 
are full of prohiise and hope. The institution has 
now (1880) a faculty of six instructors: 

Rev. N. E. Wood, M.A., Principal ; John Suth- 
erland, B.A., Professor of Latin ; Mrs. Alice Boise 
Wood, M.A., Professor of Greek and Modern Lan- 
guages ; Miss M. A. Cuckow, Mathematics ; Miss 
Linnie Aiken, Drawing and Painting ; Miss Eliza- 
beth J. Laning, Vocal and Instrumental Music. 

It has property valued at $30,000. It has a pay- 
ing endowment of $12,000. It has no debts. It 
has a library of 1800 volumes. It never had more 
intelligent friends. Although it has hitherto con- 
fined itself to simple academic work, it is contem- 
plated in the near future to vindicate the purposes 
and hopes of its founders by taking the position 
for which it was chartered, and introduce the full 
college course. 

Wayland, Rev. Francis, was bom in Frome, 
Somersetshire, England, in 1772. In 1793 he 
sailed for New York, where he landed September 
30. He immediately established himself in busi- 
ness in New York City, where both he and Mrs. 
Wayland became members of the Oliver Street Bap- 
tist church, then known as Fayette Street, after- 
wards under the ministry of llev. John Williams. 

By this church Mr. Wayland was licensed to 
preach the gospel in 1805, and in 1807 he was or- 
dained as pastor of the church in Ponghkeepsie. 
He afterwards was settled at Albany and Troy, 
N. Y., and in 1819 he became pastor in Saratoga 
Springs. The church met in a small building, 
nearly two miles from the village, at what is now 
known as Geyserville, with occasional services in 
a school-house in the village. Mr. Wayland soon 
secured funds for a new church in the village, 
which was erected in 1821 on the site now occu- 
pied by a larger edifice. In 1823, Mr. Wayland 
resigned, and though afterwards repeatedly invited 
to other pastorates, he declined any settlement. 
He continued to reside at Saratoga Springs ; was 
much called upon in councils, where his judgment 
was highly valued, and to supply feeble and desti- 
tute churches, which he did gratuitously and cheer- 
fully. The sick and the sorrowful of all creeds 
were his charge. He is still held in honored mem- 
ory. He was early convinced of the dangers of 



the drinking usages which prevailed, and he was 
among the first promoters of the temperance move- 
ment. He maintained that the church of Christ 
was the great temperance society, and that all 
efforts could be permanently successful only as the 
reform is based on Christian principle. lie was a 
man of strong sense, practical wisdom, unflinching 
rectitude, and positive ideas. His religious char- 
acter was consistent and equable. He was pre- 
eminently a man of prayer and faith. Truth and 
godly sincerity characterized his intercourse with 
men. He was English in character and manners, 
but an honest lover of republican institutions. 
In social life he was genial and courteous. As a 
preacher, he was earnest and practical. Having a 
deep personal experience of divine things, he spoke 
to the heart and conscience. He died at Saratoga 
Springs, April 9, 1849, after a short illness. Up 
to his last sickness he was full of activity, abating 
nothing of his interest in religious or social duties. 
It was a wish often expressed by him that he 
might not "rust out," and the Lord was mindful 
of this desire of his servant. 

Wayland, President Francis, was bom in 
New York City, March 11, 1796. His parents (who 




PRESIDENT IR\NtIS WAYLA.ND. 

were natives of England) were characterized by 
great integrity, industry, robust sense, earnest 
moral convictions, and an almost passionate love 
of civil and religious liberty. The father, Francis 
Wayland, Sr., at the age of thirty-five, gave up the 
business of a currier and devoted himself to the 
gospel ministry, laboring as pastor of the Bap- 



WAYLAND 



1221 



WA YLAND 



tist churches in Poughkeepsie, Troy, Albany, and 
Saratoga Springs. 

The son, while showing no marks of precocity, 
was manly, faithful, and industrious. The schools 
of that day seem to have been nearly worthless. 
The memory alone was exercised, and the only 
motive employed was fear of punishment. Of 
one of his early schools he wrote, late in life, 
" The only pleasure I have in remembering this 
school is derived from the belief that boys of the 
present day are not exposed to such miserable in- 
struction." He adds, " Perhaps my experience 
was not altogether lost ; it has at least served to 
impress me with the importance of doing every- 
thing in my power to bring whatever I attempted 
to teach within the understanding of the learner." 
When he was eleven years old he came under the 
instruction of Mr. Daniel H. Barnes, and for the 
first time he found hiuiself in the presence of a 
real teacher. 

At the age of seventeen he graduated at Union 
College, then under the presidency of Dr. Nott, 
and at once began the study of medicine, which he 
completed three years later. During the last year 
of his medical studies he became a Christian and 
<inited with the Baptist Church. Feeling that he 
was called to the ministry, he entered, in the fall 
of 1816, the Andover Theological Seminary. Here 
he was chiefly under the instruction of Prof Moses 
Stuart, for whom he always cherished a grateful 
and reverent aifection. At the end of a year he 
left the seminary to become a tutor in Union Col- 
lege. It is probable that nothing could have been 
a better preparation for the life which Providence 
had assigned him than this position. The four 
years which he spent in teaching the various col- 
lege.studies and in learning sermon-making from 
the wise and eloquent Dr. Nott, he always regarded 
as of inestimable value. 

In 1821 he was called to be the pastor of the 
First Baptist church in Boston. Here, notwith- 
standing the drawbacks of a weak church and an 
unattractive delivery, he became recognized as a 
man of great moral force, of almost unerring sa- 
gacity, of progressive spirit, as a master of thought 
and expression, and a leader in action. His ser- 
mon on " The Moral Dignity of the Missionary 
Enterprise," in 1823, and that on " The Duties of 
an American Citizen," in 1825, were but the ex- 
pression of powers matured by silent study. 

lu 1826 he accepted a professorship in Union 
College, though he did not intend permanently to 
leave the pastorate. A few months later he was 
called to the presidency of Brown University, and 
in February, 1827, he entered upon what was to be 
the great work of his life. 

The college was at a very low ebb in funds, in 
discipline and scholarship, in library, apparatus. 



and in all of the appliances of education. The new 
president entered on his work with a high ideal and 
with a resolute determination to make the college 
the best possible. The lecture-room became a 
place of eager inquiry and discussion. He aimed 
not alone to explain and establish his views of the 
truth, but above all to lead his pupils to exercise 
their own powers. An eminent graduate once said, 
" Six words that he said to the class were worth more 
to me than all the words I ever heard beside, — 
' Young gentlemen, cherish your own conceptions.' " 

The late Hon. B. F. Thomas, LL.D., one of the 
judges of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, 
expressed the sentiment of many pupils when he 
said, in 1855, " A quarter of a century has passed 
since I left these walls with your blessing. I have 
seen something of men and of the world since. I 
esteem it to-day the happiest event of my life that 
brought me here, the best gift of an ever-kind 
Providence to me that I was permitted for three 
years to sit at the feet of your instruction." Feel- 
ing dissatisfied with the old text- books, he prepared 
lectures on all the subjects which he taught. It 
became remarked at the bar and in the pulpit that 
a graduate of Brown University might be known 
by his closeness of reasoning and his power of anal- 
ysis. The enthusiasm created within the college 
spread through the community, and led to the en- 
largement of all the means of instruction. 

But the impression deepened in the mind of the 
president that the college was fulfilling but a part 
of its mission. It was giving a disproportionate 
amount of attention to the classics and to mathe- 
matics ; it was confining its blessings almost ex- 
clusively to candidates for the professions ; it was 
ignoring the progress of human thought and knowl- 
edge and the demands of the productive profes- 
sions, as well as the boundless diversity of charac- 
ter and aim on the part of students. Tiiese views, 
slowly maturing, led to a reorganization of the 
university in 1850. Place was given to the more 
modern studies, larger liberty of election was al- 
lowed, and the wants of the industrial and produc- 
tive classes were especially regarded. The results 
within the university attested the wisdom of the 
changes, and the progress made in college educa- 
tion in America during the past thirty years has 
all been along the path in which he led the way. 
During all these years the moral and religious good 
of the students was the object of his untiring so- 
licitude. He preached in the chapel weekly ser- 
mons prepared expressly for the students. He 
often attended the students' prayer-meetings ; he 
counseled and pi-ayed with them in private ; he 
especially welcomed and nourished every revival 
influence. Not a few of his pupils, rescued from 
worldliness and unbelief, were led to lives of high 
devotion and benevolence. 



WAYLAND 



1222 



WAYLAND 



In 1855, after more than twenty-eight years of 
untiring labor in the presidency, he resigned, feel- 
ing imperatively, the need of rest, and unwilling to 
hold a position of which he was not in the fullest 
sense discharging the duties. A year later, under 
the most profound sense of duty, he served as pas- 
tor of the First Baptist church in Providence, and 
continued for a year and a half labors which were 
more taxing to him than his labors in the presi- 
dency had been. 

The remainder of his life was devoted to such 
religious and humane labor as his strength permit- 
ted. He bestowed much time and care upon the 
inmates of the State Prison and the Reform School. 
His only recreation was the care of his garden. 
Preserving the clearness of his mind, and his sym- 
pathy for his fellow-men, he continued until Sept. 
30, 1865, when he died from an attack of paralysis. 

His labors in authorship were abundant ; he 
published eighteen volumes, among which were the 
"Moral Science," "Political Economy," "Intel- 
lectual Philosophy," two volumes of sermons, 
" Life of Judson," " Domestic Slavery considered 
as a Scriptural Institution," etc. He also pub- 
lished about fifty sermons, addresses, etc. The 
"Moral Science" has had a circulation of 150,000, 
and has been reprinted in England and Scotland, 
and translated into Armenian, Modern Greek, 
Hawaiian, and Nestorian. 

As a preacher, he was in his earlier years some- 
what elaborate, highly wrought, and rhetorical. 
With the advance of time, his style became exceed- 
ingly simple and direct, sacrificing everything to 
clearness, pungency, and force. His conception 
for the moment of religious realities was intense 
beyond expression. His most marked intellectual 
characteristics were his love of truth and his clear- 
ness of conception and expression. His love of 
liberty for himself and for others was broad and 
eager. His hopes for human advancement were 
unresting. His own words, once uttered in pri- 
vate conversation, " I go for the human race," ex- 
pressed the spirit of his life. The trait which 
towered above all else was his profound and un- 
wavering devotion to duty. In the just and 
striking words of his pupil and successor, President 
E. G. Robinson, " To him, ought and ought not were 
the most potent words that could be spoken." 

He held intelligently, firmly, and conscien- 
tiously the doctrines of evangelical Christianity 
and the distinguishing principles of the Baptist 
denomination. But he rejoiced to labor, wherever 
it was possible, with his brethren of other Christian 
bodies, in promotion of the interests of religion 
and humanity. Dr. Wayland was one of the great- 
est men to wiiom our country has given birth. 

He was twice married ; his second wife survived 
him seven years. Three sons survived him, one 



of whom has since died. A memoir of his " Life 
and Labors" (2 vols.) was prepared by his sons, 
Francis and II. L. Wayland. 

Wayland, Francis, LL.D., son of Francis and 
Lucy Wayland, was born in Boston, Aug. 23, 1826, 




FRANCIS WAYLAND, LL.D. 

and graduated at Brown University in 1846. After 
studying at the Harvard Law-School and in the 
office of Ashmun & Chapman (Springfield, Mass.), 
he commenced the practice of law in Worcester, 
Mass., in 1850. In 1858 he Temoved to New 
Haven, Conn., where he now resides. In 1864 he 
was elected judge of probate for the district of New 
Haven, and served in that office for two years. In 
1869 he was elected lieutenant-governor of Con- 
necticut. In 1872 he was appointed professor in 
the law-school of Yale College, and in 1873 he was 
made dean of the law-school. He has written sev- 
eral articles in the Atlantic Monthly, and has also 
prepared papers for the American Social Science 
Association, especially on "Tramps" and on "Out- 
Door Relief." He was (with his brother) joint 
author of " The Life and Labors of Francis Way- 
land." He was president of the Baptist Educational 
Convention in Philadelphia, in 1872, and of the 
Convention of Baptist Social Unions in Brooklyn, 
in 1874, and for several years he was president of 
the Connecticut Social Union. He is president of 
the board of directors of the Connecticut State 
Prison, of the Connecticut Prison Association, of 
the board of Organized Charities of the City of 
New Haven, and of the board of directors of the 
Connecticut General Hospital at New Haven. In 



WAVLAXD 



1223 



WA YLAND 



1874 he was president of the Board of Visitors to 
the U. S. Military Academy at West Point, and in 
1880 vice-president of the Board of Visitors to the 
U. S. Naval Academy at Annapolis. lie has been 
for several years chairman of the Jurisprudence 
Department of the American Social Science Asso- 
ciation, and in 1880 was chosen president of the 
Association. In 1879 he received from the Uni- 
versity of Rochester the degree of Doctor of Laws. 
Wayland, H. L., D.D., son of Francis and 
Lucy Wayland, was born at Providence, R. I., 
April 23, 1830; graduated at Brown University in 
1849; studied at Newton Theological Institution, 
1849-50 ; taught the academy at Townshend, Vt., 
18.50-51 ; resident graduate at Brown University, 
1851-52; tutor at University of Rochester, 1852- 
54 ; pastor of Third (now Main Street) church in 
AVoreester, Mass., 1854—61 ; chaplain of 7th Conn. 
Volunteers, 1861-64; home missionary in Nash- 
ville, Tenn., 1864—65; Professor of Rhetoric and 
Logic in Kalamazoo College, Mich., 1865-70; presi- 
dent of Franklin College, Ind., 1870-72 ; editor of 
the KaUonal Baptist, Philadelphia, since 1872. lie 
has published articles in the Neio Englander and 
the Baptist Quarterli/ ; he has also written very 
largely for the newspaper press, both at the East 
and at the West. He was editorially connected 
with the Michigan Christian Herald, the Standard, 
Chicago, and the Michigan Teacher. lie has pub- 
lished several sermons, beside addresses on educa- 
tion and kindred topics. He was, with his brother, 
joint author of " The Life and Labors of Francis 
AVayland." Dr. Wayland possesses great ability, 
ardent piety, and unusual conscientiousness. In 
his hands the National Baptist has become a de- 
cided success. He enjoys the confidence and warm 
regards of all Pennsylvania Baptists and of a mul- 
titude besides. 

Wayland Seminary, Washington, D. C— 

The history of this institution dates back to 1864. 
Good and wise men saw the necessity of providing 
an educated leadership for a race just then emanci- 
pated. The leaven of a Christian education seemed 
to promise the chief safety from evils that threat- 
ened the interests of more than 4,000,000 of souls. 
How should the work commence? IIow could the 
material so long neglected be made useful ? The 
most perplexing questions had to be solved ; but 
fiiith, with its farsightedness, was competent to 
devise a plan for the introduction of Wayland 
Seminary. 

Wayland Seminary comprises three departments, 
— a normal, an academic, and a theological. The 
Bible holds, of course, the first place in the school : 
but the students must be able to teach in the com- 
mon schools, and must give attention to other 
branches of study .along with Bible studies. 

The school was planted and has been carefully 



watched over by the American Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society. At first there was no building in 
which pupils could be gathered. To secure land 
and a building was a task that hung heavily on 




weary hands, and severely taxed a faith not over- 
strong. But in God"s plans the means are always 
equal to the demands, and so land was secured for 
the substantial and handsome building that now 
stands on Meridian Hill. The property is valued 
at more than 850,000. The building has accommo- 
dations for 100 students; but a history of all the 
struggles to complete the building can never be 
written. Donations were always given in small 
amounts, and the contributions of very many hands 
were necessary to complete the work. Few gifts 
exceeded SIOOO, and many of them were in them- 
selves almost trifling, yet in the aggregate they 
secured success. 

The aim of the school is to furnish an education 
at the smallest possible expense. To make this 
efiectual, the students have the entire care of the 
seminary grounds and the building. Each student 
has his share of the responsibility of keeping the 
place a model of order and neatness. Thus stu- 
dents are aided in overcoming old objectionable 
habits, and forming those that will make their own 
homes models for their race. The seminary has 
not made the mistake of taking pupils with but 
little preparation through the higher studies of a 



WE A VER 



WEBB 



college curriculum, and therefore it has wasted but 
little labor upon poor materials. Nearly 100 stu- 
dents have been connected with the school annu- 
ally. Of this number more than one-third have 
entered the seminary to prepare for the ministry. 
The expenses of the school have been about 17000 
annually, which sum is secured by contributions, 
since only a small endowment fund has been col- 
lected. The work of the school appears in the ad- 
vance made by churches where its influence has 
extended. In Maryland and Virginia, as well as 
in the District of Columbia, a large proportion 
of the colored churches of the Baptist denomina- 
tion that have made gratifying progress during the 
past twelve years have been under the care of 
graduates of this seminary. Mission churches 
have become self-sustaining, new churches have 
been planted, and a spirit of enterprise has shown 
itself in all the church work connected with these 
congregations. The marked success attending the 
labors of the graduates of the school has solved a 
number of the difficult problems that presented 
themselves at the beginning of the work. Many 
of the graduates have engaged in teaching, and are 
filling positions of honor and trust. Already stu- 
dents are coming to the school who have been fitted 
to enter its classes by those who have been educated 
there. The seminary constantly aims to supply 
such wants as appear necessary to the elevation of 
the colored race. Each year makes larger demands 
and brings additional proofs that the school is of 
God. From month to month contributions come to 
the school from those who love Christ and hu- 
manity, and tlie accomplished principal of the 
seminary, the Rev. G. M. P. King, with his devoted 
wife, labor on with the full assurance of faith. 
Prof. King is worthy of the warmest commenda- 
tions of the friends of the freedmen, for to his 
persevering and energetic labors is mainly due the 
high degree of success which has marked the 
progress of the Wayland Seminary. 

Weaver, Rev. Charles S., son of Silas G. and 
Dinah (iStone) Weaver, was born in Coventry, 
R. I., April 10, 1803 ; studied in common schools ; 
became a teacher ; converted in 1822; baptized in 
1823; began preaching in 1828; licensed by Cov- 
entry and Warwick church ; ordained at Arkwright 
village in 1829 ; settled with Baptist church in 
Plainfield, Conn. ; in 1836, with church in Volun- 
town, and i-emained sixteen years ; in 1852, with 
First Baptist church in Suffield ; in 1855, with First 
Baptist church in Norwich ; in 1860, with church 
in Noank, Groton ; in 1870, returned to Volun- 
town ; in 1875, with Second Baptist church in 
Richmond, R. I., where he is now laboring; has 
ever been an evangelist ; baptized more than 1000 
persons ; was judge of probate and a member of 
the Connecticut Legislature ; once president of 



Connecticut Baptist Convention ; been moderator 
of Associations ; commissioner of schools among 
the Narragansett Indians ; a man of energy, piety, 
tact, and power. 

Weaver, Rev. Joseph Myrtle, D.D., was born 

in Shelby Co., Ky., Dec. 18, 1832. In early man- 
hood he professed conversion and united with the 
Methodists by immersion, but in less than a year 
afterwards he became dissatisfied with their doc- 
trine and polity and united with the Baptist church 
at Bloomfield, Ky., "on his Methodist baptism." 
By this church he was licensed to preach, June 12, 
1852, and next year entered Georgetown College, 
where he finished his education. On leaving 
college he was ordained, and took charge of the 
Baptist church at Seymour, Ind. After a short 
pastorate here he was called to the church at Tay- 
lorsville, Ky., where he ministered with much 
popularity about eight years. In January, 1865, 
he was called to the Chestnut Street church in 
Louisville, where he still remains. He has during 
this pastorate been one of the popular and suc- 
cessful pastors of the city. He has written exten- 
sively for the periodical press, and is a clear, 
forcible, and logical writer. In the winter and 
spring of 1879 he had an extended discussion 
in the Western Recorder with the editor of that 
journal, on the subject of the validity of alien 
immersions. His articles were elegant specimens 
of composition and logic. But he failed to satisfy 
his own judgment and conscience, and he submit- 
ted to baptism by a qualified administrator, and on 
the 5th of July, 1879, was immersed by Dr. Boyce, 
of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. 
Dr. Weaver was for a time co-editor of the Western 
Recorder. He wrote and published " The Myrtle 
Series" of Sunday-school books, in five volumes, 
with a question-book added. As a preacher and a 
pastor he has few superiors in the counti-y. 

Webb, Greenleaf S., D.D., son of Moses Webb, 
who with his six brothers served in the Revolu- 
tionary war, was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., May 
2, 1789. Most of his youth was spent in Stam- 
ford, Conn., his parents having joined the Baptist 
church there. When a young man he came to 
New York City, and in his own words, " I first 
began to hear the Word with interest in 1806, but 
not till November, 1807, did I see the way clear to 
unite with God's people." He was then baptized 
by Rev. William Parkinson, whose ministry he had 
attended, and united with the First church. He 
superintended a company in erecting breastworks 
on Fort Greene in 1812. His mind was drawn to 
the ministry while attending to his secular duties ; 
receiving encouragement from spiritual advisers, he 
studied with Dr. Staughton, at Philadelphia, and 
Dr. Stanford, in New York. In June, 1816, he 
was ordained, and became co-pastor with Mr. Fer- 



WEBB 



WEEKS 



ris, at Stamford, and soon became sole pastor. He 
visited and preached before the Association at Pis- 
cataway about 1820. The church at New Bruns- 
wick called him, and he settled there in April, 
1821. His preaching talent and executive ability 
soon bore fruit, and when he resigned the pas- 
torate, at the end of more than twenty-two years, 
the flock that he found small and weak had become 
large and influential. He went at the call of God 
to the Third church in Philadelphia. During his 
pastorate in New Brunswick he had been surren- 
dered by the church for eight months to plead the 
cause of foreign missions, and while in Philadel- 
phia he was again pressed into that work for three 
years. Returning at last to his 5>^ew Brunswick 
home, he has been very useful in the church there, 
and in supplying many important churches during 
vacancies in the pastorate. Tall, straight, healthy, 
of "sound mind and memory," he still preaches, 
counsels, and, with the weight of ninety-two years 
upon him, is venerated, loved, and trusted by his 
brethren. He is the only survivor of those who 
formed the State Convention. No man has been 
more prominent in guiding influence in all mis- 
sionary directions. For many years he has been 
a member of the board of the Missionary Union. 
The university at Lewisburg gave him D.D. in 
1856. He was a curator of that institution from 
1846 to 1854. He remembers the birth of foreign 
missions in this country, and has a soul full of the 
commission which the Master gave to his disciples. 
Webb, Jonathan N.,D.D., was born in Brown- 
ville, N. Y., Jan. 14. 181 1 ; baptized in February, 
1825. Dr. Webb studied for some time at Madison 
University, but was obliged to leave before grad- 
uating on account of failing health. He was or- 
dained as pastor of the Smithville and Munnsville 
Baptist churches at Smithville, N. Y., May, 1835. 
Here he remained five years. He afterwards was 
pastor of the following churches in the State of 
New York: the church at Carthage, six years; 
Gouverneur, two years ; Ogdensburg, four years ; 
Fort Covington, twelve years; Madrid, three 
years. He was three years with the Baptist church 
in Titusville, Pa. In 1870 a pressing call came 
from the Baptist Home Mission Society to super- 
intend the work of that society in Nebraska and 
Dakota. For nine years he filled with marked 
fidelity and energy the position of district secre- 
tary, closing his labors with the society Feb. 1, 1879. 
These were years of wonderful toil, in cold and 
heat, amid difficulties that would have discouraged 
weaker hearts. His memory and name will be 
long remembered in the Baptist churches of Ne- 
braska. Since he severed his connection with the 
Baptist Home Mission Society he has been labor- 
ing at his own charges for the interests of five 
churches in the State. 



Webb, W. S., D.D., president of Mississippi 
College, Clinton, Miss., was born in the State of 
New York in 1825 ; prepared for college in Kings- 
ville, 0., Academy, presided over by Z. C. Graves, 
LL.D. ; graduated at Madison University, N. Y., in 
1849. After graduating he went to Middle Ten- 
nessee, and engaged in teaching and preaching near 
Smyrna, and as pastor at Enon, Rutherford Co. : 
six years president of Yalobusha Baptist Female 
Institute, at Grenada, Miss. ; pastor six years at 
West Point, Miss., and fourteen years at Craw- 
fordsville ; in 1871 he became Professor of Theology 
in Mississippi College and pastor of the Clinton 
church ; in 1873, upon the resignation of Dr. Hill- 
man, he was elected president of Mississippi Col- 
lege, and under his administration the institution 
has greatly prospered. 

Webber, Rev. William, was born in Virginia, 
Aug. 15, 1747. In the early part of 1770 he put 
his trust in Jesus for a full salvation, and he found 
it. He was baptized in June, and soon after or- 
dained. He itinerated for several years after his 
ordination. In 1774 he became pastor of the Dover 
(Virginia) church, a relation which death only sun- 
dered. His labors were greatly favored of God, and 
churches in various places sprang up as harvests 
from the seed which he planted. He possessed ex- 
tensive influence in the denomination, and com- 
monly presided at the meetings of the General As- 
sociation of Virginia and of the General Convention 
of Virginia Baptists. , 

He was several times in jail for preaching, and 
had much to endure from the "sons of Belial at 
difierent places ;"' but sustained by the love of 
Christ, nothing troubled him. 

Mr. Webber had no one talent of superlative 
greatness, but he possessed such a combination of 
wisdom, love, Bible knowledge, grace, and perse- 
vering toil in the Master's service that he was a 
gloi'ious husbandman for God. He was loved by 
true Christians, hated by the enemies of Jesus, and 
regarded by his own and subsequent generations 
as a father in the Baptist Israel of Virginia. He 
died Feb. 29, 1808, filled with rapturous joy. 

Weeks, Hon. F. M., was born in Florida, a few 
miles south of Lake City, and died in 1879, in the 
meridian of life, in Alachua County, not very far 
from his birthplace. He was converted and bap- 
tized at Providence church, and at once became an 
active and useful member. He was universally 
respected and trusted. 

He had acquired considerable reputation ; served 
acceptably his county (Columbia) in the Legisla- 
ture ; was moderator of the Santa Fe River Asso- 
ciation at his death, and had been licensed to 
preach. 

Mr. Weeks was a successful Sunday-school worker, 
I and was much loved by the children. He frequently 



WEEKS 



1226 



WELCH 



expressed the wish that he might become so situ- 
ated in life that he. could devote himself to Sunday 
mission work. 

Weeks, Rev. Silas. — This venerable and useful 
minister died at his home in Bradford Co., Fla., 
Jan. 20, 1880, at the age of sixty-eight. For thirty 
years he vpas an acceptable, devoted, and successful 
minister of the gospel in his denomination. He la- 
bored in the counties of Putnam, Nassau, Colum- 
bia, Alachua, and Bradford, and well has it been 
said of him, " Numerous, indeed, would be his 
spiritual family if all bora of God under his min- 
istry could be counted up." His life was without 
reproach, and his heart was in earnest. He was 
one of the few of whom it can be truly said, " I 
never heard anything against him." 

Mr. Weeks was several years moderator of the 
New River Association, of which body he may be 
called the father. 

Welch, Bartholomew T., D.D., was born in 

Boston, Mass., Sept. 24, 1794. His paternal grand- 




father was a lieutenant on board the U. S. frigate 
"Alliance," of Revolutionary fame, and his father 
was a midshipman in the same vessel. His mother 
was the daughter of Capt. B. Trow, a leader in the 
" Tea Party" in Boston Harbor, and a brave sol- 
dier at Bunker Hill. He served as an officer 
throughout the Revolutionary war. 

From nine to twelve Bartholomew had many 
convictions of guilt, and he frequently cried for 
mercy, but he did not yield to the Saviour until he 
reached his twenty-first year. Under the ministry 



of Dr. Staughton, of Philadelphia, where he was 
then living, he was led to Christ. He united with 
the Sansom Street church in September, 1815. He 
soon felt that he must preach Jesus, and, after some 
missionary service, he became pastor of the Cats- 
kill, N. Y., Baptist church, in September, 1825. 
In 1827 he accepted the pastorate of the First Bap- 
tist church of Albany, N. Y. 

Here his labors were so successful that in 1834 
a new interest, known as the Pearl Street church, 
was established in a capacious edifice, which was 
speedily filled to overflowing by all classes of so- 
ciety. " The farmer, the mechanic, merchant, 
scholar, and the statesman were delighted with his 
instructive and. thrilling discourses." When he 
entered upon his labors at Albany there was but 
one Baptist church, and when he left it there were 
four. 

In December, 1848, to the regret of his church 
and the whole people of Albany, he accepted the 
call of the Pierpont Street Baptist church, Brook- 
lyn, and entered upon pastoral duties among them. 
The severity of the climate and the feebleness of 
his health compelled the change. In Brooklyn his 
gospel and his eloquence produced the same results 
as in Albany. He was an eminent servant of the 
living God, whom his Redeemer greatly honored. 

Welch, Rev. James Eley, was born Feb. 28, 

1789, in Fayette Co., Ky. During the summer of 
1810 he was converted, made a public profession of 
religion, and was baptized by Rev. Jeremiah Var- 
deman in October following into the fellowship of 
the church at Davis' Fork. After many struggles 
on the subject, he became convinced that God had 
called him to the great work of preaching the gos- 
pel, and in 1815 he was set apart to the ministry. 
The nextyear he spent with Rev. Dr. Wm. Staughton 
at Philadelphia, studying theology, and also acting 
as pastor of the church in Burlington, N. J., where 
he was eminently successful. Feeling impressed 
with the duty of mission work, he tendered his 
services to the Board of Missions at Philadelphia 
in May, 1817, and was accepted as a missionary to 
St. Louis, Mo. On Sunday, May 18, he was set 
apart to the work. Dr. Furman, Dr. Baldwin, Dr. 
Mercer, and Dr. Staughton participating in the 
exercises. lie reached his destination after more 
than two months of travel. The mission work in 
St. Louis was very difficult. That city was then a 
small village, the Catholic influence strong, and the 
people more inclined to wickedness than religion. 
His diary of this time denotes very great dis- 
couragements, as well as a daily consecration of 
life and work to the Master. The first Baptist 
church in St. Louis was constituted by Mr. Welch 
and Dr. J. M. Peck, Feb. 8, 1818. Their first house 
of worship was opened for service in July, 1819. 
After three years of laborious struggles and varied 



WELCH 



WELLBORN 



successes, the board discontinued the mission, and 
Mr. Welch returned to Burlington, N. J. For 
more than twenty years he was agent for the 
American Sunday-School Union, traveling in this 
capacity over all the States and Territories, forming 
Sabbatli-schools and otherwise actively advancing 
this work. He removed from Burlington in Sep- 
tember, 1848, to Warren Co., Mo. In this vicinity 
he labored constantly for the Master's cause, 
preaching and building churches until the year 
1875, when he removed to Warrensburg, Mo. In 
tiie centennial year he revisited his old home in 
Burlington, N. J., and on the 18th of July of that 
year, while with an excursion party of Baptist 
brethren at the sea-shore, he was seized with apo- 
plexy, and ended a long and useful life. He was 
a noble man, ever through life discharging faith- 
fully the duties of a Christian gentleman and min- 
ister, thereby securing the affection and esteem of 
those with whom he was associated. 

Welch, Rev. Oliver, was born in Madison Co., 
Ta., April 27, 1791 ; was married to Miss Elizabeth 
Mallory the 18th of September, 1810; both of 
tliem united with the Baptist church at Crooked 
Run in lcSl.5, and were baptized by the Rev. Daniel 
James. Not having a single Christian relative, 
this youthful couple in starting out in the Christian 
life had many trials to overcome. Mr. Welch began 
to preach in 1823, and in Virginia was pastor of 
Good Hope, Gourd Vine, and Cedar Run churches. 
lie removed to Alabama in 1834, united with the 
Talladega Creek church (now Alpine), which he 
served as pastor until his death, which occurred at 
the house of his daughter, Mrs. Reynolds, the 23d 
of April, 1874, making a pastorate of forty years; 
he also served several other churches as pastor in 
Talladega Co. A large family connection came 
from Virginia to Alabama with Mr. Welch, and 
settled around him, and under his ministry were 
brought into his church. They and he, being 
people of wealth and fine social position, comprised 
one of the most attractive communities and one of 
the most influential churches in the State. He 
lived an unblemished life, and left to his posterity 
and to his church a precious memory. He had a 
most amiable, gentle spirit, and a dignified bearing. 
He was an instructive preacher, and among his 
large circle of friends — laymen and ministers — he 
was a safe and wise counselor. 

Wellborn, Judge Marshall J., long known in 
Georgia as ''Judge Wellborn," and in the latter 
years of his life a distinguished Baptist minister, 
was born in Putnam Co., Ga., May29, 1808, and 
died at Columbus, Ga., Oct. 16, 1874. He was the 
son of Thomas Wellborn, of South Carolina. His 
mother was a Virginia lady, and both parents were 
of English extraction. M. J. AVellborn was en- 
dowed by nature with rare qualities of head and 



heart ; courage, energy, benevolence, and generosity 
were always prominent traits in his character. 
His mind was distinguished for quickness of per- 
ception and perseverance in investigation ; and 
it was the truth above all things that he sought 
to learn. This intuitive tendency developed that 
anxious, humble, prayerful, and unceasing study 
of God's Word, and caused that prompt surrender 
of preconceived opinions to the dictates of reason 
and revelation, for which he was remarkable. 

He passed through the Junior class of the State 
University, at Athens, studied law, and was, by a 
special act of the Legislature, admitted to the 
practice of law at nineteen. Early in 1828 he re- 
moved to Hamilton, in Harris County, and there 
the foundation of his fortune and success in after- 
life was laid. He was a powerful debater and 
a thrilling orator, and many of his extempore 
speeches, delivered at the bar, thirty-five or forty 
years ago, are still remembered as masterpieces of 
forensic eloquence. 

After a few years he removed to the city of 
Columbus, where he rose rapidly to prominence 
in his profession, and, without a stain upon his 
character, accumulated an ample fortune. At 
twenty-one he was elected to the State Legislature, 
and in 1842, at thirty-four, he became judge of 
the Superior Court of the Chattahoochee circuit. 

As a judicial oflBcer, his career -was eminently 
distinguished for professional learning, faithful- 
ness, and uprightness. Subsequently, after a pro- 
longed European tour, with characteristic ability 
and purity, he filled one term in the lower house 
of Congress. Declining a re-election, he returned 
to the practice of his profession, which he followed 
with leading success. 

During the celebrated revival of 1858, in Colum- 
bus, he professed regeneration, joined the Baptist 
Church, and was baptized by Dr. J. II. De Votie, 
His conversion was almost Paul-like in its wonder- 
ful transformation ; his conviction of sin was pecu- 
liarly pungent, and his evidences of regeneration 
and pardon were most remarkable. Divine grace 
has seldom made a more signal triumph than in his 
case, where the exceeding lustre of holy thought, 
feeling, speech, and conduct profoundly eclipsed 
the brightest light of human morality. From the 
moment that he accepted Jesus he became an en- 
thusiastic advocate of the Saviour's cause. 

After a long struggle to khow his duty, he ac- 
cepted a license to preach the gospel, and June 29, 
1864, he was ordained at Columbus. He accepted 
the charge of the Hamilton Baptist church and of 
the Bethesda church, in Harris County, preaching 
twice a month at each place until his death, and 
declining to receive any compensation from either; 
a great mistake, as results show. Ardently desirous 
of doing all in his power for Jesus, and assured 



WELLING 



1228 



WELLING 



that his period for ministerial service iiiust be 
short, he abounded in the multitude of his labors. 
For ten years he preached in the pulpit, by the 
fireside, on the highways — everywhere, and to 
everybody, white and black — with a tenderness 
which nothing could inspire but an overflowing 
benevolence and a profound conviction of the 
truths of the gospel. He not only received no 
compensation for his ministerial services, but with 
open hands distributed his own private fortune to 
the poor, to the aid of the churches, to the support 
of other ministers, and to the various evangelical 
enterprises of the day. 

His work was signally blessed. He baptized 
an uncommon number of converts under his 
own ministry. He was greatly beloved by the 
people among whom he moved, and in hundreds 
of homes in Western and Southwestern Georgia, 
and in the adjoining parts of Alabama, his name 
will abide till this generation is gone, a synonym 
of all that is good and noble. From youth he was 
the subject of constant and distressing ill health. 
The activity of his uncommonly busy life was 
astonishing. There were times when, sick almost 
unto death and scarcely able to move a limb, he 
would be aroused by some call for exertion, and he 
would go on the Master's business immediately. 

As a preacher, he had superior ability, his ser- 
mons being well prepared, and delivered earnestly 
and eloquently. In doctrine he was incorrupt. 
As a pastor, he was untiringly devoted, and emi- 
nently successful in comforting believers and in 
winning souls to Jesus. He delighted to assist 
young men, whether it was to give them a start in 
business or in preparing for the ministry. He mani- 
fested great interest in plans for the education and 
spiritual advancement of our colored population, 
contributing largely to build houses of worship for 
them, and constantly preaching to those of them 
within the bounds of his charges. Worn out by 
incessant toil, he suddenly fell asleep in Jesus on 
Saturday, Oct. 16, 1874. By his death a whole 
community was stirred to its depths, and devout 
men carried him to his burial and made great 
lamentation over him. 

Welling, James C, LL.D., was born July 1, 
1825, at Trenton, N. J. After pursuing his pre- 
liminary studies at the Trenton Academy, he en- 
tered Princetori College, from which he graduated 
in 1844. From 1844 bo 1846 he was a private tutor 
in the family of Henry T. Garnett, Esq., of West- 
moreland, Va. He afterwards entered upon the 
study of the law with the Hon. Willoughby New- 
ton, of Virginia, but at the expiration of a year 
he was recalled to New Jersey by the illness of 
his father. On the death of his father, in 1848, 
he became one of the principals of the New York 
Collegiate School, the oldest grammar-school in 



that city. In 1853 he resigned this position to ac- 
cept the associate editorship of The National Intel- 
ligencer, Washington, D. C, for which celebrated 
journal he had already, since 1850, written the 
"Notes on New Books," which were a character- 
istic feature of the paper. Dr. Welling, as editor 
of the Intelligencer during the trying period of the 
war, conducted it with signal ability. Being an 
eminently national journal, circulating extensively 
both in the North and the South, as well as being- 
read by not a few in Europe, the views of The Na- 
tional Intelligencer on all national subjects, and es- 
pecially at this period, when the contest between 
the U. S. government and the Confederate State* 
was being so fiercely waged, were eagerly looked 
for and anxiously scanned. Its opinions were gen- 
erously indorsed by the most patriotic and discrimi- 
nating in all sections of the country, and they aided 
not a little in keeping the judgments of men clear 
as to the cardinal constitutional features of the 
contest. Before, during, and after the crisis Dr. 
Welling stood steadfastly by the Constitution and 
the Union, though not always approving the poli- 
cies of the Administration. He resigned his posi- 
tion as editor of the Intelligencer Jan. 1, 1865, in 
consequence of failing health, the result of arduous 
labors in connection with that journal. In 18fiS 
he was elected by the judges of the U. S. Court ol' 
Claims assistant clerk of that tribunal, the duties 
of which, being at that time very light, did not in- 
terfere with his editorial labors. During 1866 he- 
spent six or seven months in Europe in quest of 
health, and visited England, Scotland, Switzerland, 
France, and Italy. In 1867 he was elected presi- 
dent of St. John's College, at Annapolis, Md., and 
during his administration the number of students 
was enlarged, the course of study made more com- 
prehensive and thorough, and the discipline im- 
proved. In 1870 he was called to the chair of 
Belles-Lettres in Princeton College, which position 
he resigned in the following year to accept the 
presidency of the Columbian College (now the 
Columbian University), on the resignation of the 
Rev. Dr. Samson. Up to the present period in Dr. 
Welling's incumbency the course of study has been 
enlarged and the endowment greatly increased. 
Mainly through his instrumentality a valuable 
tract of land on the edge of Washington City was 
given by Mr. Corcoran for the founding of a scien- 
tific school, in addition to which $100,000 were 
subscribed for the general endowment of the uni- 
versity. Dr. Welling has written a great deal, 
mainly, however, in the form of editorials and lit- 
erary addresses, and of contributions to various 
journals, and to the North American Review . He 
is one of the most accomplished writers in the coun- 
try. Being so widely and favorably known among 
journalists, literary and public men, he is fre- 



WELSH 



1229 



WELSH 



quently called upon to occupy positions of honor 
and responsibility. He is a corresponding member 
of the New York Historical Society, of the Con- 
necticut Historical Society; visitor of the Govern- 
ment Hospital for the Insane, Washington, D. C. ; 
vice-president of the Washington Philosophical 
Society ; member of the executive committee of 
the American Colonization Society ; trustee of the 
Corcoran Art Gallery. 

Dr. Welling is one of the most active laymen 
in the Baptist denomination. He was for many 
years the efficient superintendent of the Sunday- 
-school of the E Street Baptist church, Washing- 
ton ; is at present a deacon of the North Baptist 
church, and moderator of the Columbia Baptist 
Association, comprising the churches of the Dis- 
trict of Columbia. He is one of the most thorough 
of Biblical scholars, and his rich and varied stores 
of information make him exceedingly interesting 
in the social meetings of his church. He received 
the degree of A.M. from Princeton College in 1847, 
and the honorary degree of LL.D. from the Colum- 
bian College in 1868. Dr. Welling married, in 1850, 
Miss Genevieve H. Garnett, the accomplished 
daughter of Col. Henry I. Garnett, of Virginia, 
who, however, survived her marriage less than two 
years, and since that time he has remained unmar- j 
Tied. He is unwearied in planning and working 
for the prosperity of the university. 

Welsh Baptists, The. — In no country have the 
principles of our faith as Baptists been more gen- 
erally understood and more bravely defended than 
in the little principality of Wales. It is commonly 
believed that all through the dark reign of popery 
in the seclusions of her valleys and in the fostnesses 
of her mountains there were those who preserved 
the ancient purity of doctrine and worship. The 
general quickening of religious thought, which was 
one of the distinguishing features of the Reforma- 
tion, was, however, the beneficent agency in facili- 
tating their emergence into the clear light of his- 
toric recognition. The earnest study of the sacred 
oracles at this time caused numbers of the most 
learned and God-fearing of the sons of the Estab- 
lished Church to declare themselves converts to the 
Baptist faith. Such men as Penry, Wroth., Erbury, 
and Vavasor Powell became leaders of mighty in- 
fluence. They suffered much for the principles 
which they professed and preached. Vavasor Pow- 
ell was a preacher of extraordinary power. Fluent 
in both Welsh and English, and withal enriched 
with a cultivated mind, he reached all classes and 
commanded all hearts. He was immured in about 
thirteen prisons, in one of which he died on the 
27th of September, 1670. 

The ministry of these distinguished Reformers 
and others of the same type was abundantly fruit- 
ful, in spite of the most persistent opposition from 



every form of worldly power. The seed sprinkled 
with tears and blood could not fail to grow and 
flourish. Churches sprang into existence in differ- 
ent parts of the land, and ^the waters of many a 
rural stream bore witness to the joyful obedience 
of hundreds who had been brought to the knowl- 
edge of the truth. 

The first churches in Wales after the Reforma- 
tion were missionary centres of .wide-reaching ac- 
tivity. In addition to one or more pastors they 
frequently had numerous assistants. Although 
separated by immense distances, and that at a time 
when roads were frequently impassable, there was 
scarcely a village or neighborhood throughout the 
length and breadth of the land where the gospel 
of salvation was not occasionally preached. It is 
said that Christmas Evans traversed Wales forty 
times from north to south, preaching the gospel, in 
the course of his fruitful ministry. Every renowned 
preacher of the past century gave a large portion 
of his time to evangelistic work. The religious 
status of the Welsh people is largely attributable 
to this liberal diffusion of stimulating and enlight- 
ening thought. The rugged heroes of the past 
century, who with self-sacrificing devotion exposed 
themselves to every form of indignity and to all the 
rigors of a variable climate that they might make 
known the saving truths of the gospel, are worthy 
of being held in everlasting remembrance. 

The influence which the Welsh Baptists have 
exerted upon the religious thought and life of this 
country demands special recognition. They have 
contributed more than any other people who have 
sought a home in this Western world to the spread 
of our principles, and to the integrity of our de- 
nominational life. Much of the formative work 
in Rhode Island, New Jersey, Virginia, New York, 
Delaware, and Pennsylvania was done by them. 
The first Baptist church in this country was estab- 
lished in Providence, R. I., by a Welshman. The 
first Baptist church in what is now the State of Mas- 
sachusetts was founded by a Welshman. The first 
Baptist church now in Pennsylvania, the mother of 
the Philadelphia Association and of many churches 
in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, kept its records 
in the Welsh language for many years, and its first 
Bible, which is' treasured by the American Baptist 
Historical Society, was in Welsh. The Welsh 
Tract church, which was the first holding our faith 
in Delaware, and for many years a most influential 
community, was formed in Wales, came out to this 
country as a body, and, after remaining a short time 
at Lower Dublin, settled permanently in Delaware. 
There is not a State in the Union whei-e Welsh- 
men have not had an honored part in furthering 
Baptist interests. In many instances they have 
given direction and energy to our denominational 
life when as yet it could hardly be said to have 



WELSH 



WENGER 



an organized existence. In not a few neighbor- 
hoods, in addition to those already mentioned, 
where our name is now a power and blessing, they 
were the fearless pioneers. The superstructure of 
our Baptist ftiith owes much of its present strength 
and grandeur to the solid foundation-work in which 
they had so large a share. 

Roger Williams, the fearless champion of civil 
and religious liberty, whose teaching and example 
did so much to introduce into the Constitution of 
this country its distinguishing excellence ; John 
Miles, who exerted such a powerful influence upon 
Baptist progress in the early days of our his- 
tory ; Dr. Samuel Jones, of Lower Dublin, and 
the venerable Isaac Eaton, first master of Hope- 
well Academy ; Abel Morgan and Morgan Ed- 
wards, distinguished as writers and preachers ; 
David Thomas, the veteran preacher of Virginia 
and Kentucky ; David Jones, Horatio Gates Jones, 
and John Williams, of New York, all men of might 
in their day, were Welshmen or the immediate 
descendants of Welshmen. 

There are in Wales at the present time nearly 
500 Baptist churches, with a membership aggrega- 
ting between 60,000 and 70,000. The practice of 
restricted communion is universal save in a few 
English chui-ches in the large centres of popula- 
tion. 

Welsh, Rev. John C, was born in Boston, 
April 11, 1792. He became a hopeful Christian 
when he was twenty-four years of age, and two or 
three years later was baptized into the fellowship 
of the First Baptist church, Boston. Having de- 
cided to enter the ministry he studied theology for 
a time in Waterville, and was ordained pastor of 
the Baptist church in Warren, R. I., in June, 1823. 
He remained pastor of the Warren church for 
eighteen years. From 1840 to 1850 he was pastor 
of the church in Seekonk, Mass. Having resigned 
his office here he removed to Providence, where he 
spent the rest of his life. He was ready to act as 
a supply for destitute churches, and perform any 
ministerial service by which he could help on the 
cause of Christ. He died in Providence, Feb. 13, 
1858. 

Welsh Tract Church, Del.— Sixteen Baptists 
in Wales about to emigrate to America formed 
themselves into a Baptist church in 1701, with 
Rev. Thomas Griffith, one of their number, as 
pastor. They came to Pennepek, now in Phila- 
delphia, Pa., where there was a Welsh Baptist 
church. Leaving in this place some of their num- 
ber, and receiving accessions in return, they re- 
moved, in 1703, to Iron Hill, in the Welsh Tract, 
New Castle Co., Del. (at that time a part of Penn- 
sylvania). A small meeting-house was then erected 
upon the site now occupied by the present edifice, 
built in 1746. Their principles soon spread in 



Delaware and into Pennsylvania and Maryland, 
and to Pedee River, S. C. " The community at 
Welsh Tract in early times held a respectable 
stand among the American Baptists ; it was one 
of the five churches which formed the Philadel- 
phia Association ; its ministers were among the 
most active in all Baptist operations, and the whole 
community was not behind any of the members 
of that quintuple alliance." (Benedict's Baptist 
History, p. 626.) In 1790, Morgan Edwards wrote: 
" The Delaware Baptists are Cal vinistic in doctrine, 
and differ little or nothing in discipline from their 
brethren in neighboring States." (Materials to- 
wards a Baptist History, Delaware, p. 224.) This 
church was the mother of the London Tract, Pa., 
and Duck Creek, Del., churches, and in some de- 
gree of the Wilmington (First), Cowmarsh, and 
Mispillion churches, Del. ; also of the Welsh Neck 
church, S. C. " The Welsh Tract church was 
the principal if not the sole means of introducing 
singing, imposition of hands, church covenants, 
etc., among the Baptist churches in the Middle 
States." (Edwards's Materials, p. 232.) Holding 
to the laying on of hands on baptized believers, 
they refused to commune for a while with the 
Philadelphia and Pennepek churches, but the dif- 
ficulty was settled, in 1706, on the side of peace 
and unity. Their pastors have been Thomas Grif- 
fith, Elisha Thomas, Enoch Morgan, Owen Thomas, 
David Davis, John Sutton, John Boggs, Gideon 
Ferrell, S. W. Woolford, Samuel Trott, W. K. 
Roberson, Thomas Barton, G. W. Staton, and Wil- 
liam Grafton. The membership in 1716 was 122 ; 
in 1817, 192; and now (1880), 64. 

Welton, Rev. Daniel M., Ph.D., was born in 

Aylesford, Nova Scotia, in 1831 ; graduated from 
Acadia College in June, 1855 ; ordained pastor of 
the Baptist church, Windsor, Nova Scotia, Sept. 2, 
1857 ; thence became Professor in Acadia College,. 
in 1874; went, in 1876, to Germany, and studied 
Hebrew and Greek exegesis at Leipsic University 
for two years. Dr. Welton is now Professor of 
Hebrew and Systematic Theology in Acadia Col- 
lege. 

Wenger, John, D.D., one of the most dis- 
tinguished oriental scholars and translators of the 
age, was born in Switzerland, Aug. 31, 1811. Edu- 
cated for the ministry of the national church, his 
conscientious convictions of the unscriptural char- 
acter of infant baptism constrained him to abandon 
the course which his friends had planned for him. 
For some years he engaged in teaching in Greece. 
In 1838 he visited England, and was soon after 
baptized by Dr. Steane, and received into the 
church at Camberwell, London. Having offered 
himself for missionary work in India, he was sent 
to Calcutta by the Baptist Missionary Society, and 
joined Dr. Yates in translating the Scriptures. A 



WENGER 



1231 



WE SCOTT 



new Bengali version was then the great work in 
hand, the translators aiming " to produce an idio- 
matic version which should be as good Bengali as 
the English version is good English." Before the 
close of 1845, a few months after Dr. Yates's death, 
the entire Bible was printed. In 1852, Dr. Wenger 
issued from the mission press a revised version, 
which has continued to be the standard version, 
and has the support of missionaries of almost every 
denomination, and of the Christian communities 
of Bengal. A third edition was begun in 1855, 
and was finally completed in 1861. In 1862 the 
committee requested Dr. Wenger to prepare an an- 
notated edition of the Bengali Scriptures. While 
this important work was in progress he issued sev- 
eral editions of the New Testament, and in 1867 
the fourth edition of the entire Bible, printed in 
small type, and making a handy octavo volume, 
left the press. Ilis next work was a still more 
thorough revision of the text of 1861. In some 
parts, especially in the Psalms and prophets of the 
Old Testament and the epistles of the New Testa- 
ment, it may be said to be a new translation. Be- 
sides these labors in the Bengali, the language of 
forty millions of people, Dr. Wenger has devoted 
himself to the study of the Sanscrit, the ancient and 
sacred language of India. Dr. Carey and also Dr. 
Yates had translated the Bible into Sanscrit, but 
Dr. Wenger's work, consisting of fdur volumes, is 
much more valuable. It has received the highest 
approbation of the learned everywhere, and is 
much esteemed by those natives of India to whom 
Sanscrit is familiar. Besides these works. Dr. 
Wenger has edited a great number of Bengali 
publications issued by the Calcutta Tract Society. 
The principles on which he has carried forward 
these great works are well stated in Dr. Wenger's 
own words, which apply in America as well as in 
India : " In carrying on their Biblical translations, 
especially as regards the New Testament, Baptist 
missionaries have for nearly forty years past acted 
independently of the British and Foreign Bible 
Society and its local auxiliaries. Their severance 
from that great and noble society originated with 
an attempt to compel the translators either to leave 
the terms for baptism untranslated, or to translate 
them in a way which was contrary to their consci- 
entious convictions. It has often been taken for 
granted that our differences with the Bible Society 
concern only this one topic of baptism. But, if 
I may be allowed to give expression to my own 
sentiments, I would say that this one point is only 
a sample of others, and that in all of them a great 
principle is at stake. The principle is this, — that 
a Biblical translator should not be compelled merely 
by a majority of votes given at a committee meet- 
ing to translate the Word of God in a way which 
is not in accordance with his conscientious convic- 



tion. In endeavoring to ascertain the grammati- 
cal interpretation and the sense of the sacred texts, 
opinions must be weighed, not counted, and they 
must be weighed by the man who has to execute 
the translation. The rules for the guidance of 
translators which have been laid down by the Bible 
Society, and which are annually reprinted in the 
report of the local society, appear to me quite as 
impertinent as was its attempt to dictate to Baptist 
translators how they ought to render the terms 
descriptive of baptism. In short, it is the inde- 
pendence of translators which the Bible Society 
wants to tamper with, and which, as Baptists, we 
ought to consider ourselves bound to uphold." Dr. 
Wenger was once blamed by certain persons for 
issuing a translation of the third chapter of John's 
gospel which they said was not correct, simply 
because it did not teach the doctrine of baptismal 
regeneration. He replied with characteristic force, 
" My translation was not intended to teach any 
doctrine at all. I wish to give God's Word as I 
find it, and if it runs counter to the errors of any 
church in Christendom, so much the worse for that 
church that bases itself on an error which God's 
Word does not contain." Whilst so much occupied 
with his special work. Dr. Wenger has constantly 
engaged in the ministry, and has rendered great 
services to the cause of missions by his wise coun- 
sels, loving spirit, and ripe judgment. In his ad- 
vanced age, though failing sight interferes with 
his activity, he is still devoted to his great work, 
and has a very efficient junior fellow-laborer in the 
Rev. G. H. Rouse, M.A., upon whom the chief 
charge of the translation work is now laid. 

Wepf, Rev. Lewis, the pastor of the Ebenczer 
German Baptist church in Milwaukee, is a native 
of Mulheim, Canton of Thurgovie, Switzerland, 
where he was born July 11, 1822. He came to 
America when a young man : was converted and 
united with the Baptist church in Bufialo, N. Y., 
in 1848 ; ordained March 10,- 1853, in Buffalo. He 
came to Wisconsin in 1872, and labored one year 
as missionary among the Germans in Watertown, 
one year as missionary among the Gerninns of May- 
ville, and for the last six years has been the pastor 
of the Ebenezer German Baptist church of Milwau- 
kee. He is a man of fine culture, a clear and vig- 
orous thinker, and an evangelical preacher of 
Christ's gospel. He published, in 1871, a work 
in the German language entitled " The Church 
and her Enemies," which had a large sale. 

WesCOtt, Isaac, D.D., was born in Plymouth, 
Mass., April 10, 1804. In early life he manifested 
a great fondness for books. When fifteen years of 
age his father removed to Manchester, N. II., where, 
with his accustomed avidity, he prosecuted his 
studies in the common schools, the high school, 
and the academy. Here he was converted and 



WEST 



1232 



WESTCOTT 



joined the church, and soon exhibited the same 
devotion to church work that marked his life while 
a student. The years 1826 and 1827 he occupied 
in the study of theology, under the guidance of 
his pastor. Rev. C. 0. Kimball, and before their 
expiration he was called to preach to a new in- 
terest at Dunbarton. From this period until quite 
recently the ministerial career of Dr. AVescott has 
been that of a faithful, arduous pastor, whose life 
has been marked by evangelistic fervor. During 
his service at Dunbarton a substantial house of 
worship was erected. In 1831 he became pastor at 
Whitney, Conn., where he was ordained, and where 
in two years he baptized 100 converts. In 1833 he 
removed to Stillwater, N. Y. At this place he re- 
mained pastor eighteen years, and during this time 
the old meeting-house was rebuilt, and an influ- 
ence created that not only benefited the church at 
Stillwater, but extended throughout the Saratoga 
Association. Dr. Wescottlias served Laight Street, 
N. Y., 1851-56; Gloversville, 1856-59 (at this 
place alarge house of worship was built) ; 1859-61, 
at Newburgh ; 1861-67, at Bloomingdale, New York 
City; 1867-72, at Plymouth. On account of deaf- 
ness he has retired as a pastor, but acts as a sup- 
ply when he has an opportunity. As a preacher, 
Dr. Wescott is strongly doctrinal. Profound earn- 
estness is probably the most striking characteristic 
of his sermons and his daily life. His sermons 
show great ability. Middlebury College, Vt., gave 
him the honorary degree of A.M. in 1833, and 
Rochester University, in 1864, made him a Doctor 
of Divinity. 

West, Rev. Samuel, was born in Hopkinton, 
R. I., Oct. 6, 1766 ; was converted in 1787 ; was 
ordained in 1799 ; was settled for ten years in New 
London, Conn.; was a good, deserving, efficient 
minister ; closed his honorable labors and life in 
North Madison, Conn., in the seventy-first year of 
his age and the thirty-eighth of his ministry. 

West Virginia, Baptists of.— The liistory of 
the Baptists in West Virginia is closely related to 
that of the Baptists of Virginia, and especially to 
that of the General Association of Virginia. A 
large number of the churches have been organized 
by the missionaries of that body. The oldest 
church in the State is Simpson's Creek, in the 
Union Association, formed in 1774. The three 
next in order are Forks of Cheat, 1775; West 
Fork, 1780 ; and the Greenbrier, 1781. Rev. John 
Alderson was the first Baptist minister who visited 
the southern part of the State. Through his efforts 
the Greenbrier church was originated, as also the 
Greenbrier Association in 1800. The Hopewell 
and Raleigh Associations were formed from the 
Greenbrier in 1871. The Union Association was 
organized in 1801, the Teays' Valley in 1812, the 
Parkersburg in 1818, the Broad Run in 1835, and 



about 1870-71 the Guyandotte and Kanawha Val- 
ley were taken from the Teays' Valley. Before 
the formation of the General Association of West 
Virginia there were two mission bodies in its 
bounds auxiliary to the General Association of 
Virginia, — the Western and the Northwestern As- 
sociations. The General Association was organ- 
ized Nov. 15, 1865, by delegates from the Parkers- 
burg, Judson, Mount Pisgah, Union, Teays' Val- 
ley, and Broad Run Associations. Besides those 
already named there are two other Associations 
in the State, — the Goshen and the Harmony, — 
making thirteen District Associations. In these 
there were, in 1880, 381 churches, 25,239 members, 
and 203 ordained ministers. The total reported 
amount of contributions for State, home, and 
foi'eign missions, Sunday-schools, and home ex- 
penses was, in 1879, $24,228.63, and while this is 
the sum reported much more than this was con- 
tributed. The thirteen Associations are supporting 
fourteen native preachers in Burmah, and $943.40 
of the amount given to foreign missions passed 
through the hands of the American Baptist Mis- 
sionary Union. The General Association had, in 
1880, ten missionaries under appointment in the 
State, some of whom occupy positions of the first 
importance in towns on the railroads. The Bap- 
tists of West Virginia now hold a very favorable 
position as compared with that of the other denom- 
inations in the State. Their Sunday-school and 
educational work is in advance of all others. The 
Shelton and Broaddus Colleges are now established, 
and with proper efforts a brighter day is before 
them. 

Besides the white membership there is one As- 
sociation of colored Baptists, — the Mount Olivet, — 
organized in 1874, and which now consists of 24 
churches and 974 members. There are colored 
Baptist churches with 413 members which do not 
belong to this Association, but to similar bodies in 
adjacent States, the whole number being 1387, 
making an aggregate of Regular Baptists in the 
State of about 26,000. The colored cliurches have 
some very acceptable preachers, several of whom 
are well educated and doing a good work. 

Westcott, Rev. Erastus, was born March 27, 
1816, in Milford, Otsego Co., N. Y. His parents 
removed from Cheshire, Mass., where they had 
enjoyed the ministrations of the celebrated Rev. 
John Leland. The early years of young Westcott 
were occupied in farming. At sixteen he made a 
profession of religion, and united with the Baptist 
Ciiurch. The following year he entered the aca- 
demic department of Madison University, where 
he pursued his studies to the close of tlie Sopho- 
more year. He then pursued his studies privately, 
preaching when opportunity presented until April, 
1837, when he engaged in pastoral labor. For more 



WESTON 



WESTON 



than forty-three years he has been but one week 
without a pastorate. lie was ordained in Rich- 
field, Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1838, and for twenty- 
two years served churches in Otsego and Delaware 
Counties, N. Y. During this period he organized 
two churches, gathered the funds and superin- 
tended the erection of two meeting-houses. At the 
same time he zealously labored to promote the 
welfare of neighboring destitute churches. In 
August, 1857, he removed to Rochester, Minn., 
and at once organized a church of seventeen mem- 
bers. The same month he attended the first anni- 
versary of the Southern Minnesota Association. 
In 1858 he gathered the funds for the first meeting- 
house in Rochester, dedicating it in the month of 
October. xVfter serving the Rochester church three 
years he resigned, and located in Concord, Dodge 
Co., where he still resides. In his present field he 
has organized four churches, and assisted in form- 
ing two others. He has collected the funds on tlie 
fields where three meeting-houses have been erected 
and paid for. His salary has always been inade- 
quate to his support, yet in the erection of these 
places of worship he gave more than §1000 from 
his scanty means. He also gave S.500 to the Min- 
nesota Academy at Owatonna. He has given lib- 
erally for home and foreign missions and other 
objects of benevolence. At one time he served 
four churches, and had a covenant meeting every 
Saturday p.m. in the year. From these meetings 
he was never absent unless prevented by a severe 
storm or funeral. He gave attention in part to 
business for his support, but never allowed worldly 
engagements to interfere with the duties of the 
ministi-y. For four years past he has been largely 
engaged in building and endowing the Minnesota 
Academy located at Owatonna. This work is a 
success. 

Weston, Rev. Adolphus, is the pioneer Baptist 
preacher of AVashington Territory. He was born in 
Willington, Conn., Jan. 29, 1811 : converted and 
baptized in 1829 ; licensed in 1831 ; he studied at 
Madison University six years ; was ordained as 
pastor at Burlington JFlats, N. Y., in 1838. and in 
1839 was appointed missionary to the Mississippi 
Valley : preached in many places, became pastor at 
Carthage, 111., and had a great revival. He con- 
tinned as pastor at Carthage twelve years. In 
1852 he went overland to Oregon, where he was 
pastor of the West Union church, and missionary 
of the Willamette Association until 1863, when he 
removed to Washington Territory. He gathered 
the few Baptists who could be found in that wil- 
derness, and preached to them. His labors were 
greatly blessed. He organized the church in Puy- 
allus Valley in 1867. He was the only Baptist 
minister in all that region for many years. Nearly 
every month he had converts to baptize. The 



churclies increased in number until in 1871 the 
Puget Sound Association was organized with five 
churches and four ministers. His work has been 
that of a pioneer missionary without appointment 
from any society. The churches at Elma, Centre- 
ville, Olympia, Seattle, and other places all recog- 
nize in " Father Weston" one of the chief founders 
of the Baptist cause in Washington Territory. 

Weston, David, D.D., an American clergyman 
of the Baptist denomination. He was born in 
North Middleborough, Mass., Jan. 24, 1836, and 
died Feb. 22, 1875. He graduated from Brown 
University and at Newton Theological Seminary. 
His first pastorate was at Worcester, Mass., but he 
soon left to take the chair of Ecclesiastical History 
in the theological seminary at Hamilton, N. Y. By 
reason of his scholarship and ability as a teacher 
the University of Rochester bestowed upon him, 
though a young man, the honorary degree of D.D. 
Few men had accumulated so much material for 
ecclesiastical history so early in life as Dr. Weston. 
The early death of this rising man was lamented 
Ijy all who knew him. It was a great loss to the 
whole Baptist denomination. 

Weston, Henry G., D.D., was bom in Lynn, 
Mass., Sept. 11, 1820. His father was at that time 
one of the firm of True & Weston, publishers of the 
Christian Watchman, in Boston. He was baptized 




nEXRV G. WESTO> 



ill Lynn in 1834; graduated from Brown Univer- 
sity in 1840, and in the fall of that year entered 
Xewton Theological Institution ; was ordained in 
Frankfort. Ky., in 1843, and immediately proceeded 



WESTON 



1234 



WHARTON 



to Illinois, where he preached as a missionary at 
his own charges for three years, in Tazewell, 
Woodford, and McLean Counties ; settled as pastor 
of the church in Peoria, 111., in 1846, and remained 
thirteen years ; removed to Oliver Street church. 
New York City, where he remained until 1868, 
when he accepted a call to his present position as 
president of Crozer Theological Seminary. In 
connection with the labors incident to these vai'ied 
and responsible positions, he has been prominently 
engaged in advancing the general interests of the 
denomination. lie was editor of the Baptist Quar- 
terly from the time of its establishment, and has 
also served as president of the American Baptist 
Missionary Union. He has published a valuable 
treatise on the four gospels, and with both pen 
and voice has rendered other useful and extended 
service. He received the degree of A.M. in 1846 
from Shurtleff' College, and that of D.D. in 1859 
from the University of Rochester. 

Dr. AVeston is a man eminently fitted to be an 
educator of those who are preparing to instruct 
their fellow-men. As an expositor of the Scrip- 
tures, he is clear, thorough, and spiritual. His 
uninterrupted and zealous pursuit of the truth, 
his simplicity of speech, his living faith, his invin- 
cible courage, and his unbounded confidence in the 
reliable and unfailing authority of God's Word, 
render him peculiarly competent to guide the 
opinions and control the commotions of inquiring 
and agitated truth-seekers. His mind is richly 
stored with the results of long-continued Bible 
study ; his heart is an overflowing fountain of 
manly tenderness, and all his varied and cultured 
attainments are sanctified by the experiences of 
successful pastoral ministrations. Knowing the 
wants of those to whom the gospel must be 
preached, as well as the necessities of those who 
are to preach the gospel, he possesses rare qualifi- 
cations for the position he now holds. The influ- 
ence of his native genius, sound scholarship, cor- 
rect taste, and ripe Christian experience reaches 
far and wide through the able ministry of those 
who have sat under his instruction. He is one of 
the ablest men in his position in or out of this 
country. 

Weston, Rev. John E., was born in Amherst, 
N. II., Oct. 13, 1796. On his mother's side he was 
of Huguenot descen|., and had many of those 
qualities of character which we associate with 
those honored French refugees, who suffered so 
much for the sake of their religion. He estab- 
lished, in connection with Mr. Benjamin True, in 
1818, the Christian Watdimaii, now TheWatcJiman, 
of Boston, which has been in existence sixty-three 
years. His connection with the paper continued 
not far from three years. While thus engaged his 
religious impressions ripened into a full hope in 



Christ, and he was baptized by Rev. James M, 
Winchell, Feb. 22, 1820, and connected himself with 
the church under the pastoral care of Rev. Dr. Sharp. 
Having given up his business as a printer, he now 
resolved to carry out his early purpose to secure a 
better intellectual training, with a view to entering 
the ministry. He repaired to the Andover Phillips' 
Academy, and subsequently put himself under the 
tuition of Rev. Dr. Bolles, of Salem, Mass. ; then 
became a student of Columbian College, and com- 
pleted his theological studies in part at Andover 
and in part as a member of the first graduating 
class at Newton. He was ordained at East Cam- 
bridge, Mass., Oct. 10, 1827, and was the pastor 
of the Baptist church in that place for four years. 
He resigned his charge May 27, 1831. An invita- 
tion had been extended to him to become the pas- 
tor of the Baptist church in Nashua, N. II., but 
his work was nearly done. On his way to Nashua 
to fulfill an engagement he drove into a pond — it 
being a warm summer's day — to refresh his horse. 
Unfortunately it was a dangerous place, and Mr. 
Weston leaped from the carriage, and, being unable 
to swim, was drowned. The sad event occurred 
July 2, 1831. Mr. Weston was father of the Rev. 
H. G. Weston, D.D., president of the Crozer 
Theological Institution. 

Whale, Theophilus, was born in England of 
an opulent family about 161G ; received a univer- 
sity education ; served as an officer in Virginia ; 
served through the Parliamentary wars ; com- 
manded guards at the execution of Charles I., 
in 1649 ; served under the Protectorate ; on the 
restoration of monarchy, in 1660, fled to America; 
settled, and married Elizabeth Mills, in Virginia, 
but, being a Baptist, and disliking dominant 
Episcopacy, removed, and settled in South Kings- 
ton, R. I., about 1680 ; was a writer, teacher, and 
farmer ; read Hebrew, Greek, and Latin ; aided Bap- 
tist ministers in their education ; was reticent, and 
hence suspected of being connected with the regi- 
cide judges; a pure, studious man; became the 
grandfother of Judge Samuel Hopkins ; died about 
1719, aged one hundred and three years; was 
buried with military honors on Hopkins Hill, 
West Greenwich, R. I. 

Wharton, Rev. H. M., was born in Culpeper 
Co., Va., Sept. 11, 1848. After receiving a good 
common-school education he attended Roanoke Col- 
lege during the sessions of 1863 and 1864. The 
latter part of 1864 he entered the Confederate ser- 
vice, and was with the army at its surrender at 
Appomattox Court-House, in April, 1865. Soon 
after the war, in 1866, he went to Mexico with 
his brother, Dr. J. S. Wharton, and remained 
about twelve months. He then returned to his 
father's home in Virginia, at Amherst Court- 
House, to which the latter had removed during the 



WHARTON 



WHARTON 



war. Here he soon became interested in religious 
matters, and united with the Episcopal Church in 
November, 1867. He was quite prominent in 
that church, and occasionally acted as lay reader. 
He chose the law as his profession, being admitted 
to the bar when only nineteen. He was engaged 
in the practice of law until 1873, and Judge Shef- 
-fey, the distinguished judge of that circuit, pro- 
nounced him the most promising young lawyer in 
the State. On a visit to his brother. Rev. M. B. 
Wharton, D.D., pastor of the Walnut Street Bap- 
tist church in Louisville, Ky., he changed his re- 
ligious views, and was by him baptized into the 
fellowship of that church. After some exercise of 
his ministerial gifts, lie attended one session at the 
Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, then lo- 
cated at Greenville, S. C. He selected the schools 
of Old and New Testament interpretation, system- 
atic theology, and hoiniletics, and graduated in 
them all. Soon after leaving the seminary he ac- 
cepted a call to the Luray and Front Royal Baptist 
churches, in the Valley of Virginia, where he re- 
mained six years, was eminently successful in ad 
vancing the cause, not only in those towns, but in 
all that region, and was everywhere recognized a> 
a brilliant and eloquent preacher. He traveled 
much, and did the work of an evangelist, holding 
protracted meetings in the cities of Alexandria 
and Richmond, in several smaller places, and with 
numerous country churches, in all of which his 
labors were greatly blessed. In December, 1880, 
a unanimous call was extended to him to become 
pastor of the Lee Street Baptist church, Balti- 
more, Md., made vacant by the removal of Dr. John 
Pollard to Richmond, Va. He has but recently en- 
tered upon his work there, and has shown himself 
to be -admirably adapted for the position he occu- 
pies in that important field. The church has 400 
members, in the 'uidst of a growing population, 
and presents a fine sphere of usefulness to one 
possessed of his talents. He is an able preacher. 
A distinguished lawyer of Richmond says he never 
heard more eloquent appeals from any public 
speaker than those that fell from his lips in the 
revival which he had in that city. As he is quite 
young, studious, and progressive, the denomination 
may look for a brilliant future for him. 

Wharton, Morton Bryan, D.D., one of the 
most talented ministers of Georgia, is a Virginian 
by birth. He was born April 5, 1839, in Orange 
County. He is a man of varied powers, excelling 
as a preacher and pastor, and surpassing most men 
as an agent for the collection of funds for religious 
or benevolent purposes. A man of wonderful 
energy, unbounded resources, remarkable business 
capacity, and with a striking knowledge of men, he 
has succeeded in whatever he has undertaken. 

At the age of eighteen he was converted in 



Alexandria, Va., and united with the Baptist 
church of that city. His talents and inclinations 
soon led him towards the ministry, and in October, 
1858, he entered Richmond College, where he 




MORTON BRYAX WHARTON, D.D. 

graduated in 1861. His first pastorate was at 
Bristol, Tenn., where he remained two years. He 
then went to Georgia in 1864, as the agent of the 
Virginia Army Colportage Board, to collect funds. 
During the latter part of the war he became the 
successful agent of " The Domestic and Indian Mis- 
sion Board'' of the Southern Baptist Convention. 
After the war he became successively the pastor 
of the Eufaula, Ala., Baptist church, where he was 
instrumental in erecting a splendid and costly 
house of worship ; of the Walnut Street church in 
Louisville, Ky., where he was remarkably success- 
ful, and where he collected large amounts for 
benevolent purposes; and of the Greene Street 
church, Augusta, Ga., where, as in Louisville, he 
was instrumental in making great improvements 
in the house of worship, and in adding a large 
number to the membership of the church. These 
labors left him, in 1876, so completely broken 
down in health that he retired to his farm in 
Southwestern Georgia, where he remained in se- 
clusion, until prevailed upon to accept an agency 
to collect Georgia's quota for the Southern Baptist 
Theological Seminary. In that work he has been 
very successful. At present he is the correspond- 
ing secretary of the seminary to raise the .'|20,000 
per annum necessary for the current expenses of 
the institution, and he is succeeding admirably. 



WHEAT 



1236 



WHEEL OCR 



During his pastorate at Augusta the degree of 
Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by the 
Washington and Lee University, of Vii-ginia. 

He is a trustee of Mercer University, and of the 
Baptist Orphans' Home ; and he is also a member 
of the board of trustees for the Southern Baptist 
Theological Seminary. As a preacher, he is pos- 
sessed of much oratorical power, and he is highly 
gifted intellectually. His mental powers are ana- 
lytical, and he is blessed with an extraordinary 
memory. He has proved himself equal to any posi- 
tion in which he has been placed, and has never 
failed, by his striking powers, to draw large con- 
gregations wherever he has preached, and to in- 
crease greatly the membership of those churches 
of which he has had charge. 

Wheat, Judge Zachariah, was born in Bour- 
bon Co., Ky., July 26, 1806. He chose the law 
for his profession, and was admitted to the bar at 
Columbia, Ky., in 1829. lie soon established an 
excellent reputation both for ability and integrity. 
In 1832 he was appointed Common wealth's attorney, 
and held the position, excepting a brief interval, 
until 1848, when he was appointed circuit judge 
by Gov. Crittenden. In 1856 he was elected one of 
the judges of the Court of Appeals, and at the close 
of his term he resumed the practice of law at Co- 
lumbia. In 1861 he removed to Shelbyville, Ky., 
where he practised until his death. He was a man 
of gentle spirit and great generosity. He became 
a Baptist in early life, and was a devout Christian. 
Although never formally licensed to preach, he 
frequently filled the pulpit acceptably in the 
absence of his pastor. 

Wheeler, Rev. Edwin S., son of Edwin B. and 

Mary A. AVheeler, was born in Groton, Conn., Aug. 
4, 1836 ; studied at Hamilton Theological Semi- 
nary, N. Y. ; pastor of Baptist churches at New 
London and Williinantic, Conn., Rahway, N. J., 
Valley Falls and East Greenwich, R. I. ; now 
preaching in latter place ; was chaplain of 80th 
U. S. Infantry during the civil war, at Port Hud- 
son, serving two years ; has traveled South and 
written in regard to Florida. 

Wheeler, Prof. Nelson, was born in Royalston, 
Mass., in 1814. He was a graduate of Yale Col- 
lege in the class of 1836. After teaching for a 
time in Townshend, Vt., he was called to take charge 
of the Worcester County High School in 1840. 
Here he performed some of the best work of his 
life. " Several devoted missionaries now in India, 
and many persons well known among us for use- 
fulness in professional and other callings, have 
often testified to his formative influence on their 
early habits and acquirements." His excessive 
labors as principal of the Worcester County High 
Schoo^ undermined his health, and he resigned his 
position to take charge of the City Classical and 



English School, where he remained until 1852, 
when he was elected Professor of Greek in Brown 
University. A comparatively brief period was 
spent in the new position for which he was so well 
fitted. He was compelled to give up all his pro- 
fessional work and yield to the attacks of the in- 
sidious disease which at last removed him from the 
scene of his earthly labors to his reward in heaven. 
He died at Royalston, Aug. 25, 1855. 

Wheeler, Osgood C, D.D., LL.D., is the pio- 
neer Baptist pastor of California. He was born 
at Butler, N. Y., March 13, 1816, converted at nine, 
baptized at fifteen, and worked on his father's farm 
till he was twenty ; taught school two winters ; 
studied at Middleburg Academy ; graduated at 
Madison University in 1845 ; ordained at East 
Greenwich, R. I., in November; pastor there two 
years, and built a church edifice. In 1847 became 
pastor at Jersey City, and united three discordant 
bodies into the Union church. In 1848 the Amer- 
ican Baptist Home Mission Society, after he had 
repeatedly refused, gained his consent to become 
its missionary to California. After a ninety days', 
voyage, he reached San Francisco Feb. 28, 1849, 
organized a Sunday-school and church of six mem- 
bers, and built the first Protestant church edifice in 
California that year. In January, 1852, he re- 
moved to Sacramento, as pastor of the first church 
there. In 1855 he was compelled by throat disease 
to desist from preaching. But partial recovery has 
enabled him to resume this work, and for many 
years he has preached in almost every part of the 
State, and as regular supply to many of the 
churches. He has edited and published the Fa- 
cific Banner, the first Baptist paper on the Pacific 
coast, and the daily Times, and several large 
volumes on agriculture. For thirty years he has 
written almost continuously for the press. In 
1873, by appointment, he wrote and carried through 
the press a biographical work of 500 pages, " The 
First Steamship Pioneers." He was chief clerk of 
the California Legislative Assembly in 1864; also 
U. S. internal revenue collector; was secretary 
and manager of the U. S. Sanitary Commission in 
California, and general agent of the Freedmen's 
Commission. In 1871 he was appointed to take 
charge of a department in the Central Pacific Rail- 
road, and still retains that position. In 1878 Cali- 
fornia College conferred upon him the degree of 
D.D., and in July, the same year, the degree of 
LL.D. was conferred upon him by the Southwest 
Baptist University of Jackson, Tenn. In the midst 
of his other important business cares he preaches 
nearly every Lord's day, is an honored counselor 
in all Baptist enterprises, and a steadfast laborer 
for the upbuilding of the Baptist churches in Cal- 
ifornia. 

Wheelock, Rev. Edward Willard, was bom 



WHIDDEN 



1237 



WHITE 



in Boston, July 17, 1796. He became a member of 
the Second Baptist church in Boston when he was 
fifteen years of age. When eighteen he became 
a pupil of Rev. Mr. Chaplin, of Danvers, after- 
wards President Chaplin, of Waterville College. 
In April, 1817, he made application to the Baptist 
Board of Foreign Missions to be employed as their 
missionary. In this application he says, " I would 
rather be a missionary of the Cross than a king on 
a throne. To Burmah would I go ; in Burmah 
would I live; in Burmah would I toil ; in Burmah 
would I die; and in Burmah would I be buried." 
His request was granted, and in company with 
James Coleman he embarked in November, 1817, 
for Calcutta, and reached Rangoon in September, 
1818, to join Mr. Judson in his missionary labors. 
He was not destined to see his long-cherished hopes 
gratified. The seeds of consumption which were 
in him ripened into a sudden harvest. He lingered 
for a brief period, oppressed with sadness that his 
plans were thus blighted. On a passage from Cal- 
cutta to Rangoon, which he had taken with the 
hope of being benefited by a change of air and 
scene, he passed into a state of delirium, during 
which he threw himself from his cabin-window 
into the sea and was drowned. It was a grievous 
loss to Dr. Judson, who, in a letter, says of him : 
•'Brother Wheelock has a heavenly spirit; from 
my first acquaintance with him I had special hopes 
of his great usefulness among the natives. But 
the Loi-d has seen fit to disappoint our hopes." 

Whidden, Hon. Charles, was born in St. 
George, New Brunswick, May 22, 1822. The 
family removed to Calais, Me., in 1831, where he 
lived until the close of life. He was a graduate 
of Waterville College in the class of 1843. He 
studied law, attending lectures at the Cambridge 
Law-School in 1847, and was admitted to the bar 
in 1848. He opened an office in Calais, where he 
continued to practise his profession till his death. 

Mr. Whidden occupied a conspicuous place in 
the business and politics of Eastern Maine. In 
his own city he was mayor for two years, and in 
his county, Washington, was district attorney for 
twelve years. He represented Calais two years in 
the Maine Legislature. For four years he was 
collector of customs for Passamaquoddy district. 
He was also a member of the commission for defin- 
ing the boundary-line between Maine and New 
Brunswick, under the Lord Ashburton treaty, and 
a member of the State commission for the equaliza- 
tion of municipal war debts. The state of his health 
obliged him to decline an appointment which was 
tendered to him by Gov. Chamberlain as associate 
justice of the Supreme Court. For seven years 
he was a member of the board of trustees of Colby 
University. His death occurred at Calais, Dec. 3, 
1876. 



" Mr. Whidden was a man of fine general ap- 
pearance and bearing, a bold and indefatigable 
leader, and a warm and generous friend." 

Whidden, Rev. John, after his conversion, was 
baptized and united with the Baptist church in 
Antigonish, Nova Scotia, where he was ordained 
Nov. 4, 1832. He labored in that town until hi.s 
death, which occurred several years ago. His pas- 
toral and missionary labors were of great service 
to the cause of Christ in the counties of Antigonish 
and Guysborough. 

Whilden, Rev. B. W., was born in Charleston, 
S. C, on the 29th of May, 1819. He was baptized 
by the elder Dr. Manly in 1835, and licensed to 
preach by the First church in 1839, and ordained 
on his twenty-second birthday. He was pastor of 
the Baptist church in Camden, S. C, for four years. 

In 1849 he was sent by the Southern Baptist 
Convention as a missionary to Canton, China. 
About a year after his arrival he lost his wife, and 
returned home with his children. Having acted 
for some time as agent for the Foreign Mission 
Board, he married Miss Mary 11. Bonnette, of 
Orangeburg, S. C, and returned to China, where 
he remained two years, when Mrs. Whilden's fail- 
ing sight caused him to i-eturn a second time to his 
native country. 

Since that time he has preached and taught in 
various parts of his native State and Georgia. He 
was at one time Professor of Belles-Lettres and 
Adjunct Professor of Ancient Languages in Cher- 
okee College, Ga. 

He has been editorially connected with several 
newspapers, and is now associate editor of the II- 
lustrated Baptist, and pastor of several churches in 
South Carolina. He has two daughters in China, 
Miss Lulu Whilden and Mrs. Williams. 

White, Rev. Daniel, was bom in 1784 in Scot- 
land ; baptized by Rev. D. McArthur in 1800; came 
to North Cai'olina in 1807, and established the 
Spring Hill church in Richmond County ; after- 
wards served the Welsh Neck church in South 
Carolina, but returned to Spring Hill, and spent 
most of his long and useful life in North Carolina. 
He preached both in Gaelic and English, and was 
greatly blessed in revivals and in baptizing men 
who became ministers of the gospel. Rev. Duncan 
McNeil has written a memoir of this devout 
Scotchman. 

White, Prof. John B., well known in Illinois 
as an educator, was born at Bow, N. H., March 10, 
1810. His mother was descended from the family 
of Carters, distinguished for patriotism in colonial 
and Revolutionary times. His father was an officer 
in the war of 1812, and rose to the rank of colonel. 
Mr. White's preparation for college was received at 
Pembroke Academy and New Hampton Institute, 
in New Hampshire. He graduated at Brown Uni- 



WHITE 



1238 



WHITFIELD 



versity in 1832, having won especial distinction as 
a scholar in mathematics. His first service as 
teacher was at New Hampton, where, in connection 
with other work of instruction, he organized and 
conducted a normal class, made up of persons pre- 
paring to teach ; probably the first, or at least one 
of the first, examples of a method of instruction 
which has since been so widely adopted. Resum- 
ing the study of law, interrupted by these duties, 
Mr. AVhite was admitted to the bar, and removed 
to Illinois in 1836, making his home at Greenville, 
in Bond County. Here he speedily achieved a 
distinction which caused his election as judge of 
probate in 1837. 

Mr. White's evident sphere, however, was that 
of a teacher. Perhaps a consciousness of this fact 
led him, in 1838, to accept the chair of Mathe- 
matics and Natural Philosophy in Wake Forest 
College, N. C. In 1854, a visit to Greenville, 111., 
his former place of residence, led to his i-eturn to 
that place, and to a successful efi'ort, under his in- 
spiration and guidance, to found there a college for 
young women, of which he was made president. 
The history of this enterprise is given in another 
place. (See Almira College.) Until a very recent 
date Mr. White has remained at the head of the 
college, carrying the institution forward success- 
fully under circumstances of exceptional difficulty. 

Mr. White became a Christian while a student 
of Pembroke Academy. It was while he was a 
professor in Wake Forest College that special cir- 
cumstances seemed to lay upon him a ministerial 
service, resulting in his ordination. In the years 
1859 and 1860 he served the church at Greenville 
as its pastor, and one year as chaplain of an Il- 
linois regiment in the late war. 

White, E.ev. William, was born in New York, 
July 26, 1768. Soon after his birth his parents 
removed to Philadelphia, where, when young, he 
found the Saviour, and became a member of the 
First Baptist church. About 1790 he removed to 
Roxborough township, and by the Roxborough 
church was licensed to preach in 1793, and in it, 
the following year, he was ordained. He became 
pastor of the New Britain church in 1795, and re- 
mained with that church for eight years. On Jan. 
23, 1804, he became pastor of the Second Baptist 
church of Philadelphia. The church was not quite 
a year in existence ; their meeting-house had just 
been dedicated, and their first pastor felt the im- 
pulse of their bright hopes, and was encouraged by 
their zealous and united efforts to spread the gos- 
pel. Mr. White was an eloquent preacher, and a 
thinker of original powers. Except Dr. Staughton, 
there was no man in Philadelphia or in Pennsyl- 
vania the superior of the first pastor of the Second 
church. His success was almost unexampled in 
Philadelphia for those times. In thirteen years 



he baptized over .500 persons, men and women of 
intelligence, who remained faithful witnesses for 
Jesus during many subsequent years. The results 
of Mr. White's labors are felt to this day in the ex- 
istence and prosperity ofsome of the lai'gest churches 
in Philadelphia. Mr. White removed from the 
Second church in 1817, and for some years gave 
up preaching. In 1822 he became pastor of the 
church at Lancaster, 0. ; subsequently he was pas- 
tor of the churches of Muddy Prairie and Chilli- 
cothe. He died Feb. 14, 1843, in his seventy-fifth 
year. 

Mr. White was the author of a work on baptism 
called "Christian Baptism, exhibiting Various 
Proofs that the Immersion of Believers in Water 
is the Only Baptism." He had also gathered a 
large amount of matter for a history of the Bap- 
tists of the United States, which was destroyed by 
the fire which nearly burned down Chillicothe, 
The Hon. S. S. Cox, a member of Congress from 
New York City, is a grandson of Mr. White. 

White, Rev. W. J. (colored), pastor of the 
Harmony Baptist church of Augusta, Ga., is one 
of the most intelligent, useful, and hard-Avorking 
colored ministers of the State. He was baptized, 
and united with the Springfield Baptist church of 
Augusta, Oct. 7, 1855. He was licensed to preach 
in 1862, and was ordained to the ministry April 1, 
1866. In 1859 he organized a Sunday-school, which 
he superintended until 1868, when, with a few others, 
he formed the Harmony church, to the pastorate of 
which he was called in July of that year. The 
Sunday-school he instituted belongs to the church 
of which he is pastor. He has taken an active part 
in the organization of the colored Baptists of Geor- 
gia since the war. He was elected treasurer of 
the State Convention when it was formed in 1870, 
a post to which he has been annually re-elected 
since. For years he has been treasurer of the 
Shiloh Association, and for a year and a half he 
was missionary agent of the State Convention, re- 
signing on account of ill health. When the Col- 
ored Georgia Baptist Sunday- School Convention 
was established at Macon, in 1872, he was elected 
its president, and held the position for several years. 
At present he is the corresponding secretary of both 
the Missionary Baptist Convention and the State 
Sunday-School Convention of Georgia, and fills these 
positions with great ability and success. 

Whiteside, James, as the son of one of the 
earliest settlers of Illinois, from whom the county 
of Whiteside receives its name, and himself one of 
the oldest citizens of Madison County, as well as 
for his personal worth, should have a brief memo- 
rial here. He was born near Troy, 111., and died 
at that place Jan. 30, 1868, aged sixty-three. He 
was a useful and influential man. 

Whitfield, Theo., D.D., was bom in Missis- 



WHITING 



WHITSITT 



sippi; graduated at Chapel Hill, N. C., in 1854; 
studied theology at Newton, Mass. ; was at one 
time principal of a blind asylum in, Mississippi ; 
was Professor of Greek in the University of Mis- 
souri ; editor of Baptist paper at Meridian, Miss. ; 
came to Charlotte, N! C, as pastor in 1874, where 
he still remains ; was made a D.D. by Wake Forest 
College in 1878. 

Whiting, Charles, D.D., the present pastor 
of the Baptist church in Canton, 111., one of the 
largest and most prosperous in the State, was born 
in Boston, Mass., Feb. 24, 1830. When he was 
seven years of age his father removed to Missouri, 
where he received his education through private 
tutors. He entered the Baptist ministry in 1860, 
when he was ordained as pastor of the Dover 
Baptist church. His subsequent pastorates have 
been at Boonville and Springfield, Mo., Fort Scott, 
Kansas, Quincy, III. (First church), and his pres- 
ent one at Canton. He has held strongly the re- 
gard of his people on these various fields, and has 
won distinction both as preacher and lecturer. 

Whitman, Rev. S. S., a native of Shaftsbury, 
Vt., was converted and baptized at the age of 
twelve years. He was a graduate of Hamilton. 
He also studied theology at Andover, and gradu- 
ated from Newton Theological Seminary in 1827. 
He was one of the three students that formed its 
first class. Dr. Barnas Sears, recently deceased, 
was another of the three. Immediately upon his 
gr.iduation from Newton, Mr. Whitman was called 
to the chair of Biblical Interpretation in Hamilton 
Theological Institute. He held this position seven 
years with great ability. He was compelled to re- 
tire from this work on account of the almost entire 
failure of his health. In 1836 he accepted a call 
to the pastorate of the First Baptist church in Bel- 
videre. 111., an infant church of fourteen members, 
located in a field entirely new. Here he remained 
ten years, building up one of the largest and most 
efficient churches in the Northwest, a church re- 
maining to this day of great power and usefulness. 
With health utterly broken down, he resigned the 
care of the church, and for several years retired 
from all active labor. In June, 1851, with health 
somewhat restored, he took charge of the Baptist 
church in Madison, Wis. His work here was of 
the briefest character, but awakened the highest 
hopes of the church and community. He died 
Jan. 2, 1852, having served the church about eight 
months. 

He was a minister of the highest culture and of 
entire consecration to his work. His daily life 
exhibited the loveliest traits of the Christian char- 
acter. He filled every position with honor. As 
a professor, he attained the highest rank; as a 
preacher, he attracted crowds to his faithful pre- 
sentation of gospel truth, and built up from the 



foundation a church of great strength. As a pas- 
tor, he was gentle, winning, and faithful, and suc- 
cess attended all his work. He has left a memory 
sacredly cherished by multitudes in Northern Illi- 
nois and Southern Wisconsin. 

Whitsitt, Rev. James, was born in Amherst 
Co., Va., .Jan. 31, 1771, and educated in the Epis- 
copal Church, then the established church of Vir- 
ginia. 

In the year 1789 he made a profession of religion, 
and was baptized by Rev. Joseph Anthony, an 
earnest Baptist minister. He entered at once with 
great zeal into the revival then prevailing, not only 
praying and exhorting, but appointing and conduct- 
ing meetings; and so acceptable were his efforts that, 
within a few weeks, the church gave him a formal 
license to preach the gospel. 

In the year 1790 he removed to Davidson Co., 
Tenn., then almost a wilderness. The history of 
Mr. Whitsitt's labors would be substantially the 
history of the Baptists in the Cumberland Valley. 
His co-laborers were Dillahunty, McConnico, and 
others, — all men of decided power, and eminently 
fitted to do good service as pioneers in the cause 
of Christ. 

He took the pastoral charge of four churches, — 
Mill Creek, Concord, Rockspring, and Providence. 
He continued his labors with these churches from 
thirty to forty ye.ars, up to the time that the in- 
firmities of age compelled him to circumscribe his 
efforts and remain mostly at home. 

Mr. Whitsitt was present at the organization of 
the Mero District, the first Association formed in 
the Cumberland Valley. In this, and others of 
which he was subsequently a member, his influence 
was paramount. This Association originally in- 
cluded all the churches in Tennessee west of the 
mountains. 

His connection with it continued until the forma- 
tion of the Cumberland Association, to which his 
churches were transferred, and he, of course, went 
with them. Afterwards the Concord Association 
was formed, which included the churches of Mr. 
Whitsitt; with it he remained to the day of his 
death. He always attended the annual meetings 
of these Associations while his health would per- 
mit. 

He resigned his charge at Mill Creek and, having 
obtained a letter of dismission, joined the First 
church in Nashville, with which he remained till 
the close of his life. Meanwhile he continued to 
preach in different churches, as his health would 
permit. 

The summer and autumn previous to his decease 
he supplied the pulpit of the Second church in 
Nashville, in the absence of the pastor, most of the 
time; and, in addition to this, preached funeral 
sermons, and performed other occasional services 



WHITSITT 



1240 



WIBERG 



at the houses of friends in the neighborliood. lie 
also wrote many articles for the religious press, 
some of which were decidedly among his best pro- 
ductions. On the second Lord's day in October, 
1848, he was with his church in Nashville, at their 
communion. His address on that occasion was 
peculiarly affecting. " And now, brethren and 
sisters, farewell. We shall meet no more upon 
earth. This is our last interview. I am old and 
rapidly sinking. The winter is almost upon us, 
during which I cannot visit you, and before the 
spring comes I shall die. Farewell." This was, 
indeed, his last meeting with them. He died in 
perfect peace on the 12th of April, 1849, in the 
seventy-ninth year of his age. 

As a minister of the gospel, he held a very high 
rank. His sermons were always able, and had the 
appearance of being elaborately prepared. Mr. 
Whitsitt's conceptions were clear and accurate. 
The reasoning faculty was of unusual strength, 
and no metaphysical subtleties ever confused him. 
In the latter part of his life his sermons became- 
less ai'gumentative and more practical. He was 
also occasionally intensely pathetic, and the effect ! 
of his utterances at such times was well-nigh over- 
whelming. He was the uniform and earnest friend 
of missions, and had a primary agency in origina- 
ting and sustaining the missionary operations of 
our State. 

Whitsitt, William Heth, D.D., Professor of 
Biblical Introduction and Ecclesiastical History 
in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 
was born near Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 25, 1841. 
He entered Union University in 1857, from which 
he graduated in 1861. The same year he entered 
the Confederate army as a private, was soon 
afterwards promoted to the chaplaincy, and served 
in that capacity until the close of the war. lie 
was twice captured, and was confined in different 
military prisons about twelve months. In 1866 
he entered the University of Virginia, and in 1867 
the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, re- 
maining at the latter two years. In 1869 he went 
to Europe, where he spent over two years in study 
at Leipsic and Berlin. On his return to America, 
he accepted the pastorate of the Baptist church in 
Albany, Ga., in February, 1872. In September of 
the same year he entered upon the duties of his 
present position, when he delivered his inaugural 
address, entitled " The Relation of Baptists to Cul- 
ture," which was published in the Baptist Quar- 
terly. In 1878 he published a pamphlet on the 
"History of the Rise of Infant Baptism," and an- 
other, on " The History of Communion among 
Baptists," in 1880. 

Wiberg, Rev. Andreas, was born in 1816, near 
Iludiksvall, in the northeastern part of Sweden. 
When he was fourteen years of age, his mind was 



deeply impressed in consequence of his escape 
from death by drowning, and he felt the impor- 
tance of being prepared to die. This impression 
was followed by a desire to do something to prove 




REV. ANDREAS WIBERG. 

the sincerity of his gratitude to God for his deliver- 
ance. He entered the University of Upsala in 
1835, and studied four years. Although for a time 
under the influence of skeptical opinions, he at last 
emerged from his spiritual darkness, and became a 
hopeful Christian. He was set apart as a priest 
in the state church in 1843. Having doubts about 
the propriety of admitting unconverted persons to 
the Lord's table, he left his work as a priest for a 
season, and was occupied for two years in trans- 
lating and publishing some of Luther's works, and 
in the editorial charge of a paper called The Evan- 
gelist. During this time he was brought into con- 
nection with some Christians in the north of Swe- 
den who held views similar to his own, and the 
sympathy which he expressed for these brethren 
led to his being the subject of persecution. 

Mr. Wiberg visited Hamburg in the spring of 
1851, and made the acquaintance of Mr. Oncken, and 
saw the workings of the Baptist church under his 
pastoral charge. It was not long before his views 
on the subject and mode of baptism underwent a 
change, and he was baptized at the islandofAmager, 
near Copenhagen, July 23, 1852, by Rev. Mr. Nilson. 
He was then on his way to New York. Arriving in 
this country, he was brought into connection with 
the Baptists of that city, and for a time labored 
as colporteur of the American Baptist Pubcliation 



WlEli 



1241 



WIGHTMAN 



Society among seamen. Before leaving Sweden Mr. 
Wiberg had written a book on baptism. This book 
had been published and circulated in Sweden, and 
scores and hundreds of persons were beginning to 
be shaken in their views of the subject. Those who 
embraced Baptist sentiments were at once subjected 
to severe persecutions, but the work went on, and 
multitudes were brought to accept the "faith once 
delivered to the saints." The Publication Society 
decided to establish a system of colportage in 
Sweden, and to place Mr. Wiberg at its head. Mr. 
Wiberg sailed from this country the 8th of Sep- 
tember, 1855, and on reaching Sweden at once com- 
menced his labors. How earnest and how successful 
these labors have been may be seen in the history 
of the mission to Sweden. Twent}--six years have 
passed since Mr. Wiberg landed at Stockholm. 
During that time, with the blessing of God on his 
work, and that of the hundreds of earnest disciples 
of Christ who have been associated with him, what 
was the " little one" has literally become " a thou- 
sand." The Baptists in Sweden number about 
20,000, and still the work goes steadily and hope- 
fully on. To have been a co-worker with God in 
bringing about such results might well gratify the 
desires of any large-hearted Christian. 

Wier, Deacon Stephen M., was born in Glas- 
tonbury, Conn., March 25, 1814; trained on a 
farm and in rural schools ; converted under the 
preaching of Rev. Rolin H. Neale, D.D., and bap- 
tized by him in 1836 ; always been an active 
Baptist: at the age of forty became a manufac- 
turer : successful amid all changes and losses ; 
served as one of the selectmen of the town ; two 
years on the board of education ; four years a mem- 
ber of the common council ; one year as alderman ; 
twice "chosen deacon; a number of years supei-- 
intendent of the Sunday-school ; a strong, steady 
worker. 

Wightman, Edward, of Burton-upon-Trent, 
England, was accused before the bishop of Lich- 
field and Coventry, and on the 14th of December. 
1611, was condemned of numerous heresies. The 
only charges of supposed false doctrine against Mr. 
Wightman, about the truth of which there was no 
doubt, were that he believed '■ the baptism of in- 
fants to be an abominable custom ; that the Lord's 
Supper and baptism should not be celebrated as 
they are now practised in the Church of England ; 
.ind that Christianity is not wholly professed and 
preached in the Church of England, but only in 
part."' 

For these shocking doctrines the gentle Richard, 
Episcopal shepherd of Lichfield and Coventry, de- 
livered Mr. Wightman to the secular power, ac- 
cording to the custom of the Inquisition, to be 
burned alive. And James I., who could not bear 
the sight of a naked sword, and who had just 



issued the present version of the Scriptures, ordered 
our noble Baptist brother to be committed to the 
flames. His body was reduced to ashes on the 
11th of April, 1612, at Lichfield. And he died so 
cheerfully that he gathered a harvest of glory from 
the blazing fagots that consumed his body, and 
from the same tierce flames James reaped a harvest 
of infamy, which stopped all future fiery sacrifices 
during his reign. 

Wightman, Rev. Frederick, son of John and 

Sarah (Greene) Wightman. was born in Warwick, 
R. I., April 11, 1779 : baptized into the fellowship 
of the Coventry Baptist church by Rev. Charles 
Stone in May, 1801 ; had deep experiences ; began 
preaching in 1802-3; settled in Ashford, Conn.; 
ordained in September, 1807, and labored with 
large success for eleven years; removed in 1817 to 
Middletown (now Cromwell), Conn., and preached 
fifteen years : in 1832 settled with the First Bap- 
tist church in East Lyme, Conn., and was emi- 
nently successful ; returned to Cromwell church 
for two years ; then three years with the church in 
Haddam ; then in Wethersfield : then three years 
with Second church in East Lyme ; everywhere 
prospered ; preached forty years ; delivered over 
7000 sermons ; greatly interested in missions ; 
sound in doctrine : fervent in spirit ; foremost 
among his brethren : died in Cromwell, Conn.. 
Oct. 5, 1856, aged seventy-seven. 

Wightman, Rev. John Gano, youngest son of 
Rev. Timothy and Mary (Stoddard) Wightman, 
was born in Groton, Conn., Aug. 16, 1765. He 
was baptized into the First Baptist church in his 
native town in 1797, and succeeded his father in 
the pastorate of the church, receiving ordination 
Aug. 13, 1800. Like his grandfather, Valentine, 
and his father. Timothy, he was distinguished for 
solid and practical, rather than glittering, quali- 
ties ; hence the abiding results of his ministry. 
Of a susceptible and ingenuous nature, of fervent 
and consistent piety, of goodly personal appear- 
ance and bearing, he won a high rank in the coun- 
cils and associations of the Baptist denomination. 
In executive positions, he was composed, ready, 
impartial, dignified. To an attack made on his 
church by the Rogerine Quakers, in a pamphlet 
entitled '"The Battle-Axe," he simply replied, 
•' The axe will cut farther backward than forward," 
which proved to be true. His surviving writings 
are found in "Circular Letters," prepared for the 
Stonington Union Association, and a sermon on 
the death of Adams and -Jefferson. Like his pre- 
decessors, he was a stanch advocate of religious 
liberty. His influence was felt in securing a 
change in the constitution of the State indorsing 
the principles of liberty first introduced into the 
colony by his grandfather. Not less than ten sea- 
sons of revival were experienced under his minis- 



WIGHTMAN 



WIG HTM AN 



try, some of them powerful and wide-spread, and 
the parent church sent out its branch — the Third 
Baptist church in Groton — in 1831. He died July 
13, 1841, in the seventy-fifth year of his age, and 
after a ministry to the church which his father 
served of forty-one years. His body was laid in 
the cburch-yard by the side of his father. 

Wightman, Rev. Joseph. Colver, was born in 

Groton, Conn., Jan. 3, 1828. He pursued his pre- 
paratory studies at the Suffield Literary Institute, 
and graduated at Brown University in the class of 
18-52. He was at Newton three years. His ordi- 
nation took place April 15, 1857, and he was pas- 
tor of the South Abington, Mass., church one year, 
and of the church in Middleton, Conn., four years. 
For one year he was chaplain in a regiment of 
U. S. Volunteers, then pastor of the Baptist church 
in New London, Conn., where he remained three 
years. From New J..ondon he went to Cambridge, 
Mass., where he remained two years. He acted as 
district secretary of the American Bible Union for 
one year, and then returned to the pastorate, ac- 
cepting a call to the church in Taunton, Mass., in 
1873, where he now continues to preach. 

Wightman, Stillman K., A.M., only child of 

Rev. Frederick Wightman, was born in Rhode 
Island in 1803 ; much of his life spent in Middle- 
town, Conn. ; graduated from Yale College in 
1825 ; member of the State Legislature from 1835 
to 1842, and for three years Speaker of the house ; 
baptized in 1852 by Rev. Spencer H. Cone, D.D., 
and united with the First Baptist church in New 
York City, where he yet remains ; has attained 
eminence in the legal profession ; has occupied 
prominent positions upon the board of the Ameri- 
can Baptist Home Mission Society ; his judgment 
and counsel are sought and prized ; a man wearing 
and deserving honors. 

Wightman, Eev. Timothy, son of Rev. Valen- 
tine and Susanna (Holmes) Wightman, was born 
in Groton, Conn., Nov. 20, 1719. In 1754 he suc- 
ceeded his father in the pastoral care of the First 
Baptist church of Groton, though he modestly 
refused ordination until May 20, 1756. The early 
part of his ministry was made laborious by the 
upheaval of affairs in the State by the Separa- 
tists from the standing order; but he was equal 
to the emergency. The Separate movement was 
especially strong in Eastern Connecticut, and in the 
whole State about forty Separate churches were 
formed. Most of these Separatists finally became 
Baptists. Mr. Wightman was also tried by the 
erratic ideas and practices of a band of Rogerine 
Quakers that aimed at times to disturb his meet- 
ings; but his serenity and good judgment foiled 
their designs. His ministry also extended through 
the stormy period of the Revolution, in which he 
nobly acted the part of a patriot. He was a plain, 



fearless, discreet, faithful preacher, and a thor- 
oughly good man, like his honored father before 
him. 

Mr. Wightman's ministry was marked by revivals ; 
in 1764 more than thirty were added to the church, 
and in the following year was formed the second 
Baptist church in the town ; in 1775 nearly forty 
were added, and a church was formed in North 
Groton ; in 1784 eighty-four were added ; another 
revival occurred in 1786-87. Like a Jewish 
priestly family, the Wightmans, in every genera- 
tion, have had their distinguished preachers. Tim- 
othy died Nov. 14, 1796, in his seventy-eighth year, 
and after a ministry of forty-two years, the exact 
period of his father's pastorate. He was buried in 
the church-yard by the side of his father. His 
epitaph might read. Modest, solid worth. Rev. 
Reuben Palmer preached his funeral discourse. 

Wightman, Eev. Valentine, the first Baptist 

minister in Connecticut, was born in North King- 
ston, R. I., in 1681. He was a descendant of 
Edward Wightman, the Baptist, who was burned 
for heresy at Lichfield, England, in 1612. His 
father was one of five brothers who came to this 
country, all of whom were Baptists, — two were 
preachers, two deacons, and one a private member. 
Valentine was ordained in Rhode Island ; removed 
to Groton, Conn., in 1705, and planted the First 
Baptist church, — the first in the town and the fii"st 
in the State ; he afterwards assisted Rev. Nicholas 
Eyres, from 1712 to 1714, in planting the first Bap- 
tist church in the city and State of New York ; was 
a well-educated and scholarly man ; was a mission- 
ary throughout Eastern Connecticut ; aided in 
planting churches in Stonington, Waterford, and 
Lyme ; wrote a tract in defense of orderly and 
trained singing ; had the ftimous debate, June 7, 
1727, at Lyme, with Rev. John Bulkley, of Col- 
chester, the champion of the standing order, in 
which it is conceded that Mr. Wightman was the 
victor; both parties afterwards published their de- 
bates in volumes ; the heads of discussion were (1) 
The Subjects of Baptism, (2) The Mode of Baptiz- 
ing, (3) The Maintenance of Gospel Ministers. Mr. 
Wightman's writings show that he was a student 
of the Scriptures and of the patristic writings, 
with a well-balanced mind, of calm but decided 
spirit, of sound judgment, clear convictions, warm 
heart, plain and transparent speech, a wise man in 
laying foundations. He was married to Susanna 
Holmes Feb. 10, 1703, and left descendants, who 
have been honored in the ministry to this day. 
After the scenes and labors of the Great Awaken- 
ing, in which he labored and rejoiced, he died June 
9, 1747, at the age of sixty-six, and after a minis- 
try of forty-two years. His name will endure on 
the roll of the fathers that opened the wilderness 
and, in the name of the Lord, laid the goodly 



WILCOX 



WILDMAN 



foundations upon which succeeding generations 
have joyfully built. His grave is in Groton, Conn. 

Wilcox, Rev. Asa, of Westerly, R. I., successor 
of Rev. Isaiah Wilcox, was ordained Feb. 18, 1802 ; 
a man of culture in his day, and ready with his 
pen ; labored as an evangelist ; removed to Connec- 
ticut; successful and honored; died in Colchester, 
Conn., in 1832; his remains removed to Essex, 
€onn., one of his fields of labor, and laid by the 
side of the Baptist church. 

Wilcox, Rev. Isaiah, of Westerly, R. I., was 
baptized in February, 1766 ; ordained Feb. 14, 
1771 ; was the first pastor of the church organized 
in 1765, and known as the Wilcox church, a fruit 
of the Great Awakening ; large man, with splen- 
did voice ; an able preacher in his day ; under his 
ministry a revival, beginning in 1785, continuing 
through nearly three years, added more than 200 
to the church. He died March 3, 1795, at the age 
of fifty-five. 

WUder, Rev. William, was born in Buckland, 
Franklin Co., Mass., March 31, 1819. In his sev- 




REV. WILLIAM WILDER. 

en teen th year he was converted, and united with 
the Presbyterian Church, in the faith of which he 
had been educated by his parents. Three years 
later his attention was called to the subject of bap- 
tism. After an earnest and patient examination, 
he was surprised to learn that sprinkling was never 
alluded to as baptism in the Word of God, and that 
infants were not mentioned as subjects of bap- 
tism, but that believers only received the ordinance 
from apostolic hands. He united with the Baptist 



Church in September, 1841, and the same year en- 
tered the academic department of Madison Univer- 
sity, N. Y. He graduated in 1846, and studied a 
year in the theological seminary. In 1847 he set- 
tled as pastor in Baltimore, Md. In 1850 removed 
to New Britain, Pa., where he remained as pastor 
until 1854, when he became pastor of the Upland 
church, and continued with it about eleven years. 
In 1865 he settled with the Olivet church, Phila- 
delphia, and in 1869 with the First church. Bridge- 
ton, N. J. In 1871 he removed to Minneapolis, 
Minn., having accepted the pastorate of the First 
Avenue Baptist church. In 1874 became pastor 
of the First church at Cedar Rapids, Iowa. In the 
midst of a prosperous pastorate he was enfeebled 
by a severe and protracted sickness, and resigned. 
He was for a year financial secretary of the Iowa 
Baptist State Convention. In 1877 he became pas- 
tor of the church at Hampton, 'Iowa, where he now 
resides. He has shared largely in the general work 
of the denomination. For twelve years he was on 
the board of the American Baptist Publication So- 
ciety, and during this entire time was one of the 
committee on publications. Mr. Wilder possesses 
scholarly culture, deep piety, great modesty, and 
every fitness for usefulness. 

Wildman, Rev. Daniel, son of Capt. Daniel 

Wildman, was born in Danbury, Conn., Dec. 10, 
1764; subject of convictions when young; deeply 
wrought upon and converted when about twenty- 
two years of age ; for a time a school-teacher ; li- 
censed to preach by the Baptist church in Danbury, 
in 1791, at the age of twenty-seven; commenced 
his ministerial labors at Plymouth, Conn., where he 
continued until 1796, when he removed to Wolcott, 
where he was ordained, and remained two years ; 
in 1798 removed to Bristol, where his toils resulted 
in the erection of a meeting-house and in gre.atly 
enlarging the church ; in 1804 he settled in Mid- 
dletown, and was favored with a revival ; in 1805 
gave a part of his time to SiifiBeld (First church), 
as he was now in the zenith of his strength ; in 1806 
returned to Bristol, and labored about twelve years ; 
thence to Stratfield, and toiled about three years ; 
thence to Bristol again, and yet again to Strat- 
field at times ; in 1820 preached half the time in 
Carmel, N. Y., and baptized about 300 persons ; 
spent a few years in Licking Co., 0. ; in 1826 re- 
turned to Connecticut; settled with the church in 
New London for three years ; in one year received 
seventy members ; afterwards served churches in 
Russell, Mass., Meriden, Conn., First church in 
Norwich, and church in Andover ; died in Leba- 
non, Conn., Feb. 21, 1849, aged eighty-five ; devout, 
able, beloved man. 

Wildman, Rev. Nathan, son of Rev. Daniel 

Wildman, was born in Bristol, Conn., Feb. 22, 
1796 ; converted at the age of eighteen : commenced 



WILHOIT 



WILKINSON 



his ministry at the age of twenty-five ; pastor at 
Weston, Suffield, New London, Waterford, Leba- 
non, Plainville, and in other fields ; an earnest and 
impressive preacher; tender and melting in his 
appeals ; often called to labor in revivals ; pecu- 
liarly gifted in prayer; skilled in pastoral visiting; 
during his ministry baptized more than 800 per- 
sons ; married a daughter of Rev. Mr. Darrow, of 
Waterford : his only daughter is wife of Rev. Jacob 
Gardner ; died at Plainfield, Conn., Feb. 16, 1859, 
beloved by all who knew him. 

Wilhoit, Rev. Fielding, was born April 14, 
1799, in Kentucky; removed with his father to 
Missouri in 1818. He was converted and com- 
menced preaching in 1826. He labored in eleven 
counties in Central Missouri, and over 4000 were 
converted under his ministry, most of whom were 
baptized by himself, and among them S. H. Ford, 
LL.D., the late T. C. Harris, and Robert, who is 
still a standard-bearer in the ministry of Missouri. 
He aided in organizing the General Association, and 
was several years the moderator. He was the co- 
laborer of Doyle, Flood, Fristoe, and Thomas. To 
A. P. Williams he was the Apollos in revival meet- 
ings. He died in November, 1872. 

Wilhoit, Stephen, was born in Mercer Co., 
Ky. He removed to Missouri in 1819, and settled 
in Boone County. He was a successful farmer of 
energy, integrity, and public spirit. He contrib- 
uted to the State University and to William Jewell 
College. He stood high as a citizen, and as a mem- 
ber of his church. He was treasurer of the Gen- 
eral Association of Missouri in 1844. He often 
went on missionary tours with his brother. Field- 
ing Wilhoit. He had an ardent love for the spread 
of the gospel ; was moderator of the Mount Pleas- 
ant Association for years, after the death of Row- 
land Hughes. His son, James M. Wilhoit, of St. 
Louis, is a valuable and liberal member of the 
Fourth Baptist church of St. Louis. The subject 
of this sketch died Oct. 4, 1867. 

Wilkes, Rev. Washington, was born in Marl- 
borough District, S.C, March 26, 1822. His parents 
settled in Barbour Co., Ala., when he was twelve 
years of age, where he was baptized, in 1845, by 
the Rev. Peter Eldridge ; ordained in 1847 ; en- 
tered Howard College in 1848, where he graduated 
in 1851. For seventeen years after leaving college 
his field of ministerial labor was in Autauga County, 
where he was mainly instrumental in the formation 
and growth of the Unity Association and its strong- 
est churches. Since that time for more than ten 
years he has resided in Talladega County, where 
he has been pastor of several of the best churches. 
Mr. Wilkes is a preacher of more than average 
ability, and holds a place in the front ranks of the 
Alabama pulpit. He is pleasantly located with the 
church at Sylacauga. 



Wilkes, Rev. William Clay, president of the 

Georgia Baptist Seminary, at Gainesville, a dis- 
tinguished educator, was born in Spartanburg Co., 
S. C, Sept. 9, 1819. His father. Deacon Joseph 
Wilkes, and his mother, Delphia W. Clay, were 
natives of Virginia. In December, 1829, the family 
removed from South Carolina to Georgia, and set- 
tled in Putnam County. Mr. Wilkes joined the 
church at Eatonton in 1837, though he had been 
converted while a school-boy. Having had excel- 
lent academical advantages, he entered the Fresh- 
man class of Mercer University in 1839, and, while 
in college, the Penfield church licensed him to 
preach in 1841. In July, 1843, he graduated with 
the highest honors of his class ; returned home and 
entered immediately, as an educator, upon that use- 
ful and honorable course which he has continued 
to the present time (1880). Called to become its pas- 
tor by the Milledgeville church, he was ordained 
in Eatonton in 1849, and since that period has 
preached constantly, serving in the mean while many 
churches. For sixteen years he taught at Forsythe 
College; he founded and built up Monroe Female 
College. He is the father of Spalding Seminary, 
a flourishing chartered school in Macon County. 
He organized and built up Crawford High School, 
at Dalton, which at one time threatened to outstrip 
Mercer University. He also built and established 
the Georgia Baptist Seminary, at Gainesville, a 
flourishing institution under the auspices of the 
Georgia Baptist Convention. A man of fine in- 
tellectual powers, a popular preacher, and at times 
useful as an editor, Mr. Wilkes has made his life 
a great success, if success is to be n)easured by 
useful results. He has, in a greater or less degree^ 
educated nearly 3000 boys and girls, and he has 
baptized 1000 persons. Though past his three- 
score years, he is still a strong and healthy man. 

Wilkinson, Wm. Cleaver, D.D., Professor of 
Homiletics and Pastoral Theology in Rochester 
Seminary, was born in Westford, Vt., Oct. 19, 
1833 ; graduated at Rochester University in 1857, 
and the Theological Seminary in 1859. He im- 
mediately made a pedestrian tour through Great 
Britain. Upon his return to America he took pas- 
toral care of the Wooster Place Baptist church, 
New Haven, Conn., in November, 1859. He re- 
signed because of ill health in 1861, and made a 
tour of Europe. He returned, in 1863, to become 
tutor in the University of Rochester. Soon after 
he became pastor of Mount Auburn church, Cin- 
cinnati, 0. This charge he resigned in 1866, and 
opened a private school in Tarrytown, N. Y. In 
1872 he was elected to the position he still holds in 
Rochester Theological Seminary. 

Prof. Wilkinson is one of the ablest writers of 
America, and contributes to the leading news- 
papers, secular and religious. His chief publica- 



WILLARD 



1245 



WILLET 



tions are " The Dance of Modern Society," 1869 ; 
"A Free Lance in the Field of Letters," 1874; 
"Foreshadowing" and "Enticed," poems of mucii 
real merit. 

Willard, Rev. Senjamin, was born in Lancas- 
ter, Mass., in 1783, and joined the Baptist church 
in Harvard in 1800, by which he was licensed to 
.preach the gospel in 1818. His labors were greatly 
blessed to the conversion of souls in Littleton, and 
were attended with much fruit in his missionary 
tours in Northern New England and Canada, nnder 
the direction of the Massachusetts Baptist Mission- 
ary Society. He spent the winter of 1822-23 in 
Northampton, Mass., and under his ministry a 
church was gathered in that beautiful village, 
made so memorable as having been the home of 
the celebrated Jonathan Edwards. Mr. AVillard 
was ordained Nov. 12, 1823. It was not until 
July 20, 1826, that the church to which he minis- 
tered was publicly recognized. By his own per- 
sonal application, in a large degree, the means for 
the erection of a meeting-house were procured, and 
the edifice was dedicated July 8, 1829. He con- 
tinued to act as pastor of the church until 1838, 
when he resigned. For several years he labored 
as an evangelist in Vermont, among the feeble 
churches of that State. He died at llolyoke, 
Mass., Dec. 2, 1862. 

Willard, Rev. Chas. M., was born at Saxton's 
River, Vt., Aug. 27, 1815; baptized at Grafton, 
1834; ordained, in 1841, at Drewsville, N. H. 
His preparatory studies at Hamilton Institution, 
now Madison University, were interrupted by ill 
health, but he had been a pupil of his brother. 
Rev. Erastus Willard, and studied theology with 
Rev. Isaac M. Willraarth, at New Ipswich, N. II. 
He was an earnest, useful, and successful pastor 
at Drewsville, N. II., Ogdensburg, N. Y., Fitzwil- 
liam, N. II., Still River, Mass., Eastport, Me., 
Littleton, Mass., and First Suffield, Conn. He died 
in 1877. 

Willard, Rev. Erastus, of Baptist ancestry, 

was born in Lancaster, Mass., July 4, 1800 ; went 
in boyhood with his parents to Vermont ; baptized 
in 1820, at Saxton's River, by Rev. -Joseph Elliott, 
with whom he fitted for college ; was graduated at 
"Waterville College (now Colby University) in 1829 ; 
studied atNewton Theological Institution; ordained 
pastor at Grafton, Vt., Oct. 30, 1833 ; appointed to 
the French mission in 1835, where he continued 
till 1856 (see article Mission^ to France) ; served 
American Baptist Missionary Union as missionary 
to the Ottawas, in Kansas, 1857-60; after two 
brief pastorates he settled, in March, 1865, with 
the First Salem (Shushan) church, N. Y., where 
he did a good work until his health utterly failed, 
in 1871. He died December 29, at Newport, 
R.I. 



His great work was in France, as superintendent 
of the mission and theological instructor. In these 
he showed much practical wisdom, patience, and 
energy. His long residence abroad and his re- 
tiring disposition prevented him from being widely 
known ; but his influence over his students and 
others was that of a master-mind, and those who 
knew him well counted him among our very fore- 
most men. Of commanding ability as a thinker, a 
linguist, and a theologian, acute, original, self-re- 
liant, he was an indefatigable student of the Word 
of God in the original languages. Holding tena- 
ciously the faith once delivered, including strict 
Baptist principles, in interpreting Scripture he 
called no man master, but he bowed reverently to 
the supreme authority of inspiration. He was an 
excellent preacher, delighting especially in Biblical 
exposition, and an interested student of physical 
science. A decided and positive man, he was en- 
dowed with genial wit and poetic fancy. His re- 
ligious character was pure, firm, and uniform. He 
wrote much and carefully, in a style of great force 
and beauty. It is greatly to be regretted that he 
published nothing. 

Willet, Prof. Joseph. Edgerton, of Mercer 

University, Ga,, was born in Macon, Ga., Nov. 17, 
1826. His early education was obtained in the 
schools of Macon and Marshallville, Ga. He en- 
tered the Junior class of Mercer University in 
1844, and graduated in 1846. In 1847 he was 
elected Adjunct Professor of Natural Philosophy 
and Chemistry, and entered at once upon his du- 
ties, but soon found it necessary that he should ob- 
tain a more thorough preparation elsewhere. He 
accordingly entered the analytical laboratory of 
Yale College, and engaged in daily work in ana- 
lytical chemistry. He returned in 1849, and im- 
mediately resumed the care of his classes, and for 
fifteen or twenty years afterwards was probably 
the only teacher in Georgia who could perform a 
chemical analysis. Since that time he has been 
faithfully and exclusively engaged in teaching 
natural science in Mercer University, occupying 
an enviable position among the educators of the 
whole country in the department of natural sci- 
ence. He was made full Professor of Natural 
Science in 1848, a position he still holds. Prof. 
Willet is amiable and benevolent, with a devout 
spirit. His fine analytical mind has made him 
unsurpassed as a professor of chemistry and the 
natural sciences. He possesses generous culture 
and refined tastes outside of his profession. In 
1869 the American Baptist Publication Society 
offered a prize of $500 for the best small book on 
science for Sunday-school libraries, and he bore 
oflf the prize with a capital little volume entitled 
" The Wonders of Insect Life." He has also pub- 
lished in the American Journal of Scierice and 



WILLETT 



1246 



WILLIAM JEWELL 



other papers valuable scientific articles, and when 
the subject of the " unification of the Georgia col- 
leges" was mooted in the State, some years ago, 
he published a couple of articles which gave the 
whole subject a permanent quietus. His acquaint- 
ance with agricultural science led to his delivery 
of lectures before the State Agricultural and Hor- 
ticultural Societies at Macon, Gainesville, and 
Jonesborough, besides which he, in 1879, delivered 
a course of six lectures on " Science and Keligion" 
before the Wesleyan Female College, at Macon, 
Ga. During the war lie was employed by the 
Confederate government to superintend the manu- 



verted in New Bedford, Mass., and was baptized 
by Kev. Asa Bronson : united with the Baptist 
Church ; in June, 1838, was licensed by the South 
Baptist church in Hartford, Conn. ; in same year, 
November 21, was ordained pastor of the Baptist 
church in TarifiFville ; after-settlements, in South- 
wick, Mass. ; in 1845 in Central Baptist church. 
Thompson, Conn. ; in 1849 in First Baptist church, 
New London ; in 1854 in Putnam ; in 1857, in La 
Crosse, "Wis. ; in 1863 in Union church, Minneap- 
olis, Minn. ; in 1864 returned to Putnam, Conn. ; 
in 1873 preached in Danielsonville, and organized 
the Baptist church ; in 1875 in First Baptist church 




WILLIAM JEWELL COLLEGE. 



facture of all kinds of ammunition, as superin- 
tendent of the laboratory at Atlanta, and since the 
war he has for three or four years, during vaca- 
tion, served on the United States Commission to 
investigate the habits, nature, and ravages of the 
cotton caterpillar, so injurious to the great South- 
ern staple. 

As a professor, he is greatly beloved by the stu- 
dents, over whom he maintains a firm sway as a 
disciplinarian. 

Willett, Rev. Charles, was born in Hanson 
(then West Pembroke), Mass., Oct. 21, 1809; fa- 
vored with pious parents (Congregationalists), 
who sprinkled him in his infancy ; was a student 
throughout life; fell into Universalism ; was con- 



in Sufifield ; served as pastor thirty-nine out of 
forty-one years ; preached above 5000 sermons ; 
baptized about 500 persons ; solid preacher and 
wise counselor. 

William Jewell College was projected in 1836, 

and founded in 1849, when a handsome endowment 
was subscribed, a liberal charter obtained, and the 
college located at Liberty, Clay Co., Mo. It was 
named in honor of its principal benefactor. Dr. 
William Jewell. It was opened in 1852, and took 
possession of its new building in 1854. 

In 1868, through the agency of Thos. Ram- 
baut, LL.D., $40,000 were raised to establish the 
Jeremiah Vardeman School of Theology. The 
grounds and buildings of the college are valued at 



WILLIAMS 



1247 



WILLIAMS 



$75,000, and the endowment at $100,000. L. B. 
Ely, the financial agent, has freed the college from 
debt, and aims to secure $250,000 of an endow- 
ment. One hundred and fifty young men, on an 
average, attended the college during the past ten 
years, and the School of Theology in the same 
time matriculated two hundred. The college con- 
templates seven endowed professorships, besides 
the School of Theology and any professional schools 
which may hereafter be added. 

Instruction is now given by five professors and 
three tutors. There is a complete chemical and 
philosophical apparatus, and 4000 volumes as the 
beginning of a library. The presidents have been 
E. S. Dulin, D.D., Rev. R. S. Thomas, A.M., W. 
Thompson, D.D., Rev. Thomas Rambaut, LL.D., 
and since 1874, W. R. Rothwell, D.D. The mem- 
bers of the faculty are AV. R. Rothwell, D.D., Prof. 
J. R. Eaton, Ph.D., J. G. Clark, R. B. Semple ; 
A. J. Semple is principal of the preparatory de- 
partment. • 

The college i^ near Kansas City ; it is the oldest 
west of the Mississippi, and its prospects are 
brighter than ever. 

Williams, Rev. Alvin P., D.D., was born in 
St. Louis Co., Mo., March 13, 1813. His father 
was a Baptist minister. He was converted at six- 
teen, and at seventeen was ordained, his father as- 
sisting in the service. He gained a knowledge of 
the languages, and studied the Bible in its original 
tongues. He labored with great zeal as an evan- 
gelist. He was pastor at Lexington, Richmond, St. 
Joseph, Miami, Bethel, Rehoboth, Good Hope, and 
Glasgow. He died Nov. 9, 1868, at Glasgow. He 
had great natural gifts and unusual attainments. 
As a preacher and expounder of the gospel he 
occupied a prominent position. His knowledge of 
the Scriptures was astonishing, and his logic was 
masterly and convincing. His sermons, exposi- 
tions, and essays before the Association, and on 
various occasions, for twenty-five years, mai'k him 
as a man of extraordinary ability, a second Andrew 
Fuller. Dr. Williams was wholly given to study, 
to preaching, and to pastoral work, and it is esti- 
mated that over 3000 persons were converted under 
his ministry. He possessed a remarkable memory. 
It has been said that if the New Testament had 
been blotted out he could have reproduced it. He 
was unostentatious, cheerful, and kind-hearted. 
He could express his convictions with boldness. 
He was a man of faith and sincere piety. His 
death moved every Baptist heart in Missouri. They 
■ mourned the loss of an author whose review of 
Campbellism is unanswerable, and whose printed 
works on communion and baptism are clear, in- 
structive, and scholarly. They felt that a father 
and leader in our Zion had fallen, — a prince in 
Israel. Though dead, he still lives in the memory 



of all who knew him, and his name will be hon- 
ored by coming generations. 

WiUiams, Rev. Granville S., was bom Sept. 
30, 1847, in Decatur Co., Tenn. lie received his 
academic education in Decaturville, Lexington, and 
Mifflin. He pursued his collegiate course at Bethel 
College, Ky., and at Union University, Tenn. lie 
graduated in June, 1873, professed conversion at 
Lexington, Tenn., in 1866, and was baptized by 
Rev. D. B. Ray, then the pastor at Lexington. He 
was licensed to preach by the Hickory Grove 
church in May, 1867. He was ordained by the 
church in Murfreesborough, Tenn., in October, 
1871, the Presbytery consisting of Rev. Charles 
Manly, D.D., Rev. Wm. Shelton, D.D., and Rev. T, 
T. Eaton. He was first called to preside over the 
Court Street Baptist church, Bowling Gi'een, Ky., 
in September, 1873, and was there nearly five years. 
Then he accepted a call to the Central Baptist 
church, Nashville, Tenn., July 1, 1878, where heis 
still laboring. Though young, he is greatly beloved 
by his charge. His talents are of a high order. 
Mr. "Williams is active -in all our ecclesiastical 
gatherings, and a warm supporter of the Tennessee 
Baptist Convention. 

Williams, Rev. John, was bom in Hanover 
Co., Va., in the year 1747. From his parents he 
received a liberal education. In 1769 he was 
sherifi' of Lunenburg County. At this period the 
Lord was pleased to call him into the kingdom 
of his grace. Six months after his conversion he 
was baptized, and immediately after he began to 
tell the story of the Cross to the perishing. In 
1771 the converts given to him by the Lord were 
sufiScient to form a church in Lunenburg County, 
called the Meherrin church. This community in a 
few .years grew into six or seven churches. In 
1785 he became pastor of Sandy Creek church, 
Charlotte Co. He never sundered this tie. 

Mr. Williams was a great friend of religious 
liberty and of education. He was much interested 
in the history of the Virginia Baptists ; he had an 
extensive acquaintance with Christian literature; 
his manners were polished, and his spirit fraternal ; 
his talents were of a high order. He was very 
successful in building up the churches, as well as 
in winning souls to Jesus. 

Williams, Rev. John, was born in Wales, 
March 8, 1767, and died in New York, May 25, 
1825. His father's name was William Roberts, 
this son, according to Welsh custom, taking the 
first name of his father as his surname. He was 
educated by his parents for the ministry of the Es- 
tablished Church, but he preferred some other pro- 
fession, and went to Carnarven to learn a trade. 
While there, under the preaching of a Calvinistic 
Methodist he was converted, and joined the Inde- 
pendent church. He then resolved to devote him- 



WILLIAMS 



1248 



WILLIAMS 



self to the ministry, and commenced to address 
Christian assemblies in various places. At that 
time he entered upon a prayerful investigation of 
the subject of baptism, and soon after united with 
the Ploreb Baptist church of Garn, and in a little 
time became its pastor. lie formed the acquaint- 
ance of Christmas Evans, and traveled and preached 
with him in many places throughout the principal- 
ity. In 1795 he came to America, intending to 
labor among his countrymen, and he preached 
to them in Rev. John Stanford's church, in Fair 
(now Fulton) Street, also in the Baptist church in 
Fayette (now Oliver) Street, New York. He soon 
mastered the English language, and was settled as 
pastor of the Oliver Street church. It had but 
forty members when he took charge of it, and its 
place of worship was but thirty feet square. The 
young Welsh preacher soon filled it. It was en- 
larged, and was still too strait for the crowds who 
desired to attend. Then a capacious and attractive 
stone edifice was built, and the successful career 
of that historic church was commenced. In 1823 
his health failed, and Rev. Spencer H. Cone was 
chosen associate pastor. A son of his, AVilliam R. 
Williams, D.D., the distinguished scholar and au- 
thor, is pastor of Amity Street church in New York. 

Williams, Rev. John G., was born in Colleton 
Co., S. C, and graduated at Furnian University. 
He was ordained as pastor of Black Swamp chui-ch, 
in Beaufort, now Hampton, County. His early 
ministry was distinguished by careful preparation 
and eai-nest delivei-y. He was never " a good 
liater," but a warmer friend never lived. His 
friendship produces a reciprocity in those on whom 
it is bestowed. His mere presence brings cheer- 
fulness. 

His ministry has been wholly with country and 
village churches, and when a friend lately proposed 
to try to get a city church to call him, he positively 
declined to allow his name to be used. 

Mr. Williams is one of the ablest, most popular, 
and successful preachers in the State. He has for 
many years preached to the Springtown and Black- 
ville churches. He found the latter quite dilapi- 
dated, but under his ministry its growth has fully 
equaled that of the very flourishing village in which 
it is situated. He is also preaching at a new 
church, George's Creek. All three are in Barn- 
well County. Not one of them would exchange 
him for Spurgeon. 

WiUiams, Rev. J. P., wfis born in Virginia, 
March 19, 1826, and removed to Hannibal, Mo., in 
1836, and was there converted and baptized when 
a youth. He graduated from Georgetown College, 
Ky., in 1853, and taught in Maysville Seminary 
one year, and in the Baptist college at Palmyra, 
Mo., was Professor of Natural Science for a year. 
In 1858 he conducted the Louisiana Seminary in 



Louisiana, and was pastor of the church there 
three yeai-s. In 1861 he was president of the Fe- 
male Seminary in Columbia, and was pastor of 
the church in that place for three years. 

After the war he returned to Louisiana and took 
charge of the seminary and church there until 
1879. 

He has been one of the trustees of the South- 
ern Baptist Theological Seminary and of William 
Jewell College, and for years clerk of the General 
Association of Missouri. Mr. Williams is a man 
of ability and attainments, and a zealous Christian 
worker. He is highly esteemed in the State of 
Missouri. He is now connected with the Central 
Baptist, of St. Louis. 

Williams, J. W. M., D.D., was born in Ports- 
mouth, Ya., April 7, 1820, and resided there until 




J. W. M. WILLIAMS, D.D. 

1838, when, at the age of eighteen, he entered the 
Virginia Baptist Seminary. In 1840 he joined an 
advanced class in the Columbian College, Washing- 
ton, D. C, and graduated in 1843. He at once en- 
tered Newton Theological Seminary, Mass., and 
completed his course in 1845. For several years 
he was engaged in preaching in the towns of 
Smithfield and Jerusalem, and also in Lynchburg, 
Va. In 1850, Dr. Williams was called to the pas- 
torate of the First Baptist church in Baltimore, 
lie preached his first sermon in his new field Jan. 
1, 1850, and still remains the useful and honored 
pastor of the church, which has so remarkable a 
history. It was founded in 1785 ; was rebuilt in 
1817, and again in 1877, and during the century 



WILLIAMS 



1249 



WILLIAMS 



of its existence has had but five pastors : the Rev. 
Lewis llichai-ds, from 1785 to 1818 ; the Rev. Ed- 
mund J. Reese, from 1815 to 1818 as associate pas- 
tor, and pastor from 1818 to 1821 ; the Rev. John 
Finlay, from 1821 to 1834; the Rev. Stephen P. 
Hill, D.D., from 1834 to 1850; and the Rev. Dr. 
Williams, from 1850 to the present time. Among 
its members have been the Wilsons, Spencer IT. 
Cone, Bartholomew T. Welsh, Prof. Ilackett, Dr. F. 
Wilson, Dr. B. Griffith, and numerous others well 
known to the denomination. Dr. Williams is a 
popular pastor and a fresh and vigorous preacher. 
For fifteen years after he became pastor of the 
First church he was the superintendent of its 
Sunday-school, and still gives it his valuable coun- 
sel and frequent presence. Dr. AVilliams is also 
president of the Maryland Tract Society, having 
succeeded Dr. Johns, a few years since, in that 
office. He is also an overseer of the Coliimbi.an 
University, from which, in ]86t'), he received the 
honorary degree of D.D. Dr. Williams's incessant 
pastoral labors have prevented him from adding 
much to the literature of the denomination, but 
several of his sermons have been published, and 
he is an occasional contributor to the religious 
papers. 

Williams, Rev. Lewis, was born, in May, 

1784, in North Carolina. In 1795 his father came 
to Missouri. Mr. Williams was converted in 1810, 
and in two yeai's he became a preacher. His son. 
Dr. A. P. Williams, said that he knew Fuller's 
works by heart. Hundreds were brought to Christ 
through his instrumentality. Men in St. Louis, 
Franklin, and adjoining counties came twenty 
miles to hear him preach. Daniel Boone loved to 
listen to his sermons. He spent many days and 
nights with him, and baptized some of his family. 
His son, A. P., was converted under his preaching, 
and he assisted at his ordination. He formed the 
Franklin Association, and nearly all its members 
were baptized by him. 

In 1832 the Home Mission Society employed 
him. In 1837 he removed to Gasconade County, 
when Home Mission aid failed him. He died in 
St. Louis, and his body rests in the burial-ground 
of the old church he first joined, at Fee Fee Creek. 
A monument marks the spot. 

Williams, Rev. Moses C, was for many years 
identified with Grand Cane Association, La., as one 
of its most prominent and devoted ministers ; born 
in Georgia ; came to Louisiana, and settled near 
Mansfield, De Soto Parish, about 1852. His influ- 
ence will long be felt in the part of the State where 
he labored. He died in 1863. 

Williams, Nathaniel M., D.D., was born in 
Salem, Mass., Nov. 13, 1813. He pursued his col- 
lege studies partly at Waterville and partly at 
Washington, D. C. He was a graduate of Colum- 



bian College in the class of 1837, and took a 
two years' course of theological study at Newton. 
He was ordained Jan. 29, 1840, and was pastor 
of the church in New Sharon, Me., 1840-42. The 
next four years of his ministry were spent in 
Farmington, Me. From this place he removed 
to Saco, where he remained six years, wiien he 
resigned, and became pastor of the church in Som- 
erville, Mass., holding the office nine years. His 
next pastorate of four years was at Ellsworth, 
Me., followed by two settlements of three years 
each in Peabody and Methuen, Mass. In 1871 he 
accepted a call to Wickford, R. I., which position 
he held until recently, when he resigned and re- 
moved to Lowell, Mass., where at present he 
•resides. 

The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred 
on Mr. Williams by the University of Chicago in 
1871. 

Williams, Rev. Nathaniel W., was born in 

Salem, Mass., Aug. 24, 1784. His early associations 
were with the Unitarians. He entered the count- 
ing-room of an uncle, and by him was sent to India 
as a supercargo of one of his ships trading with 
Calcutta. He made the acquaintance in Calcutta 
of the eminent English missionaries Carey, Ward, 
and Marshman. His religious convictions ex- 
tended on thi'ough many years. At last he was 
brought to submit to an atoning Saviour, and re- 
nounced what he ever afterwards regarded as the 
erroneous system in which, in his early days, he 
had been educated. He was baptized by Rev. Lu- 
cius Bolles, and received as a member of the First 
Baptist church in Salem, June 5, 1808, of which 
church he was not long aftei-wards appointed a 
deacon. He was licensed to preach July 31, 1812. 
Abandoning a lucrative business that he might 
give himself wholly to the work of the ministry, 
he was ordained at Beverly, Aug. 14, 1816. There 
he remained nearly nine years. His next pastor- 
ate, which was a brief one, was in Windsor, Vt., 
succeeded by a five years' ministry in Concord, 
N. H., from which place he removed to Newbury- 
port, Mass., where he spent five years, and then, in 
1836, he returned to his former charge in Beverly. 
His last pastorates, which were only a year or two 
in each place, were in Maiden, Mass., and Au- 
gusta, Me. He retired fi-om pastoral work in 1846, 
and made a home with his son. Rev. N. M. Wil- 
liams, of Saco, Me. In 1852 he went to Boston, 
and, with his wife, joined the Rowe Street church, 
under the ministry of Rev. Dr. Stow. While living 
in Boston he preached nearly every Sabbath, and 
to the last continued his habits of study and the 
preparation of new sermons. lie was a diligent 
student, and such was his reputation in this re- 
spect that Brown University conferred on him the 
degree of Master of Arts in 1824. In 1820 he 



WILLIAMS 



WILLIAMS 



was a member of the convention chosen to revise 
the constitution of the State of Massachusetts, 
"where," says Dr. Stow, "he distin^juished him- 
self, and won o;eneral favor by his calmness, intel- 
ligence, and dignity in debate. It has been con- 
ceded that he and Dr. Baldwin contributed largely 
to those modifications which secured equal rights 
of conscience in religious matters to all the citi- 
zens of this Commonwealth."' 

Mr. Williams died in Boston, May 27, 1853. 

Williams, Rev. 0. A,, was born in the parish 
of Dolbenmaen, Carnarvonshire, Wales, March 25, 
1837; baptized Nov. 20, 1850; emigrated to 
America, May 7, 1857; licensed to preach by the 
Stanton Street Baptist church. New York, Sept. 30, 
1859 ; graduated at Madison University in 1863, 
and from the Hamilton Theological Seminary in 
1865 ; ordained as the pastor of the Baptist church 
of Mount Vernon, N. Y., in October, 1865. Failing 
health compelled him to resign the charge of the 
church in Mount Vernon, June 1, 1874. Since 
May 1, 1865, he has been pastor of the First Bap- 
tist church in Nebraska City, Neb., and he is deeply 
interested in the work of laying the proper foun- 
dations of the Baptist denomination throughout 
the State. 

Williams, Roger, the founder of Rhode Island, 
and the great apostle of civil and religious free- 
dom, was born of Welsh parentage in the year 
1599. Concerning the place of his birth history is 
silent. Recent investigations lead to the conclu- 
sion that it was in the county of Cornwall, Eng- 
land, where the Cornish tongue, a Celtic dialect 
now extinct, was then prevalent. It is certain 
from the records that " Roger Williams," a son of 
"William Williams, gentleman," was "baptized 
on the 24th of July, 1600," in the parish church 
of Guinear. No direct allusion to the parents of 
Roger has thus far been found in any of his pub- 
lished writings ; a brief statement respecting his 
early years has, however, been placed on record. 
In the last of his works, " George Fox digg'd out 
of his Burrowes," dated in the "epistle dedica- 
tory," March 10, 1673, he says, " From my child- 
hood, now about threescore years, the Father of 
lights and mercies touched my soul with a love to 
himself, to his only begotten, the true Lord Jesus, 
and to his holy Scriptures." In a letter to Win- 
tlirop, written in 1632, he further states that ho 
had been " persecuted in and out of his father's 
house these twenty years." His early conversion, 
his belief in the divinity of Christ, and his attach- 
ment to the AVord as a sufficient rule and guide 
in all religious matters, are here clearly and dis- 
tinctly outlined. His connection with the Puritans 
accounts for the opposition of his father, and per- 
haps for his removal to London, where his promis- 
ing talents, and especially his remarkable skill as 



a reporter, gained him the favorable notice of Sir 
Edward Coke, the first lawyer of his age. He, ac- 
cording to the statement of Mrs. Sadleir, his daugh- 
ter, sent him to Sutton's Hospital, a magnificent 
school of learning now called the Charter House. 
It was a propitious circumstance that thus made 
the author of the "Bill of Rights" and the great 
" Defender of the Commons" a benefactor of the 
youth destined to become the advocate of free 
principles in the New World. Upon the comple- 
tion of his preparatory studies, young Williams 
was admitted to Cambridge University, where 
Coke himself had been educated, and where liberal 
and Puritan sentiments have always found a more 
congenial home than at Oxford. He was matricu- 
lated a pensioner of Pembroke College, July 7, 
1625, and in January, 1627, he took the degree of 
Bachelor of Arts. The evidence of this, as stated 
by Arnold, in his elaborate " History of Rhode 
Island," may be seen in the original records, which 
the writer has recently been permitted to examine, 
through the kindness of Mr. Bradshaw, librarian 
of the university. Under the guidance of his 
illustrious patron Mr. Williams now commenced 
the study of law. The providence of God may 
here be seen, in thus leading his mind to an 
acquaintance with those principles which were to 
be so useful to him in after-life as the legislator of 
an infant colony. He soon, however, relinquished 
this pursuit and entered upon the study of theol- 
ogy, a study which, to a mind and heart like his, 
possessed superior attractions. He was admitted 
to orders in the Established Church, and assumed, 
it is said, the charge of a parish, probably in the 
diocese of the excellent Bishop Williams, who, it 
is well known, winked at the Nonconformists, and 
spoke with keenness against some of the ceremo- 
nies inaugurated by King James and his advisers. 
It was during this period that the young clergy- 
man became acquainted with many of the leading 
emigrants to America, including his famous oppo- 
nent in after-years, John Cotton. He appears, 
even then, to have been very decided in his oppo- 
sition to the liturgy and hierarchy of the church, 
as expounded and enforced by Laud, to escape 
from whose tyranny he finally fled to the new 
country. He embarked at Bristol, in the ship 
"Lyon," and, after a tempestuous passage of 
nearly ten weeks, arrived off Nantasket, with his 
wife, Mary, to whom he had been but recently 
married, on the 5th of February, 1631. He was 
now in the thirty-second year of his age, and in 
the full maturity of his mental and physical 
powers ; a devout and zealous Christian, a ripe 
scholar, and an accomplished linguist, — one who 
was accustomed to read the Scriptures in their 
original tongues. 

The arrival of this " godly minister" is duly re- 



WILLIAMS 



1251 



WILLIAMS 



corded by "VVinthrop, and in a few weeks he was 
cordially invited to settle in Boston as a teacher. 
This flattering invitation he declined, because, as 
he afterwai'ds wrote to Cotton, he " durst not offici- 
ate to an unsepar.ated people." So impure did he 
regard the Established Church that he would not 
join with a congregation which, although driven 
into the wilderness by its persecuting spirit, refused 
to regard its hierarchy and worldly ceremonies as 
portions of the abominations of anti-Christ. Not 
only was he in theory and practice a rigid " Sepa- 
ratist," but he had already become an advocate of 
the great Baptist doctrine of religious freedom in 
matters of conscience, as set forth in the " Confes- 
sion of Faith," published in London in 1611 : " Tiie 
magistrate is not to meddle with religion or matters 
of conscience, nor compel men to this or that form 
of religion, because Christ is King and Lawgiver 
of church and conscience." 

" The magistrate," he taught, " might not punish 
the breach of the Sabbath, nor any other offence, 
as it was a breach of the first table." Well might 
the infant " Plantation," which in a single year 
from the time when its first session for business 
was held, Aug. 23, 1630, had passed sentences of 
exclusion from its territory upon fourteen persons 
of too free carriage and speech, look askance upon 
one whose opinions were so singularly at variance 
with their own. Mr. Williams accordingly re- 
moved to Salem, and shortly afterwards entered 
upon his duties as teacher in place of the learned 
and catholic Higginson, who was in feeble health. 
The church with which he thus became connected 
was the oldest in the " Company of the Massachu- 
setts Bay," having been organized on the 6th of 
August, 1629, " on principles," says its historian, 
Upham, " of perfect and entire independence of 
every other ecclesiastical body." It was, for this 
reason, eminently congenial to the independent 
and fearless nature of Williams. At once the civil 
authority interfered to prevent his settlement, on 
the principle afterwards established, that " if any 
church, one or more, shall grow schismatical, rend- 
ing itself from the communion of other churches, 
or shall walk incorrigibly and obstinately in any 
corrupt way of their own, contrary to the rule of 
the AVord ; in such case the magistrate is to put 
forth his coercive power, as the matter shall re- 
quire." The church at Salem notwithstanding, 
maintained its independence, and on the 12th of 
April, 1631, received Mr. Williams as its minister. 
His settlement, however, was of short continuance. 
Disregarding the wishes and advice of the magis- 
trates in calling him, the church had incurred their 
disapprobation and raised a storm of persecution, 
so that, for the sake of peace, Williams withdrew 
before the close of summer and sought a residence 
at Plymouth, beyond the jurisdiction of Massachu- 



setts Bay. Here, says Gov. Bradford, he was cor- 
dially received and hospitably entertained, having 
the free exercise of his gifts and the fellowship of the 
church as a member. He labored in the ministry 
of the Word faithfully both among the whites and 
the Indians, the latter of whom he visited in their 
wigwams, learning their language, and becoming 
intimate with their chiefs, — Masssisoit and Canoni- 
cus. In the autumn of 1633 he returned to Salem. 
Already the principles of separation and religious 
freedom, which he everywhere proclaimed, had 
made him an object of jealousy, even among the 
liberal-minded Pilgrims of the "Mayflower." On 
requesting a letter of dismission from the church, 
we find the elder, Mr. Brewster, persuading his 
people to relinquish communion with him, lest he 
should "run the same course of rigid separation 
and anabaptistry which Mr. John Smith, the Se- 
Baptist at Amsterdam, had done." 

Mr. Williams resumed his ministerial duties as 
an assistant to Mr. Skelton, whose declining health 
unfitted him for his work. Upon the death of Mr. 
Skelton, in August, 1634, he was regularly or- 
dained as his successor, notwithstanding the oppo- 
sition of the magistrates. He was highly popular 
as a preacher, and the people became strongly at- 
tached to him and to his ministry. Among his 
hearers were not a few of the members of the 
church at Plymouth, who, after inefiectual attempts 
to detain him there, had transferred their residence 
to Salem. A part of the house which he owned 
and occupied as a dwelling during the years 1635- 
36 is still standing on the western corner of North 
and Essex Streets. The original frame-work of 
the quaint structure in which he preached is care- 
fully preserved as an object of interest to the his- 
torian and the antiquary. From the period of his 
final settlement at Salem may be dated the begin- 
ning of the controversy with the clergy and court of 
Massachusetts Bay, which at length terminated in 
his banishment from the colony. " He was faith- 
fully and resolutely protected," says Upham, "by 
the people of Salem, through years of persecution 
from without, and it was only by the persevering 
and combined efforts of all the other towns and 
churches that his separation and banishment were 
finally effected." . . . "They adhered to him long 
and faithfully, and sheltered him from all assaults. 
And when at last he was sentenced by the General 
Court to banishment from the colony on account of 
his principles, we cannot but admire the fidelity of 
that friendship which prompted many of the mem- 
bers of his congregation to accompany him in his 
exile, and partake of his fortunes, when an outcast 
upon the earth." Upon the causes of his banish- 
ment we cannot here enlarge. It is contended, on 
the one hand, that it " was a mere question of pol- 
icy, and not at all of religious liberty ;" that his 



WILLIAMS 



1252 



WILLIAMS 



opinions tended to disorder and dissension in a gov- 
ernment that was theocratic, and that his offenses 
were, therefore, purely political in their character. 
Williams, on the contrary, in his famous contro- 
versy with Cotton, contends that he was banished 
for cause of conscience ; in other words, that he was 
persecuted for his religious opinions. And in this 
view we fully and heartily concur. He was re- 
garded, indeed, as a disturber of the peace. And 
so have Baptists in all ages been regarded by the 
advocates of a state or national church. He was 
repeatedly summoned to appear before the General 
Court in Boston to answer for his opinions. These 
were, in brief, as they were summed up by the pre- 
siding magistrate, Gov. Haynes, at his final trial : 
" First, that we have not our land by patent from 
the king, but that the natives are the true owners 
of it, and that we ought to repent of such a re- 
ceiving of it by patent ; secondly, that it is not 
lawful to call a wicked person to swear, or to pray, 
as being actions of God's worship ; thirdly, that it 
is not lawful to hear any of the parish assemblies 
in England; fourthly, that the civil magistrate's 
power extends only to the bodies and goods and 
outward state of man," etc. "I acknowledge," 
says Williams, in his controversy, " the particu- 
lars were rightly summed up, and I also hope, as 
I then maintained the rocky strength of them to 
my own and other consciences' satisfaction, I 
shall be ready for the same grounds, not only to 
be bound and banished, but to die also in New 
England, as for most holy truths of God in Christ 
Jesus." The act of banishment, as it stands upon 
the colonialrecords, is in these words : " Whereas, 
Mr. Roger Williams, one of the elders of the church 
of Salem, hath broached and divulged new and 
dangerous opinions against the authority of magis- 
trates, as also writ letters of defamation, both of 
the magistrates and churches here, and that before 
any conviction, and yet maintaineth the same with- 
out any retraction, it is therefore ordered that the 
said Mr. Williams shall depart out of this jurisdic- 
tion within six weeks now next ensuing, which, if 
he neglect to perform, it shall be lawful for the 
governor and two of the magistrates to send him 
to some place out of this jui-isdiction, not to return 
any more without license from the court." This 
remarkable sentence was passed on the 9th of Oc- 
tober, 1635. Three months later the magistrates 
determined to arrest and send him to England ; but 
when Capt. Underbill, who was commissioned for 
this purpose, arrived at Salem with his sloop, the 
illustrious exile had fled. 

It was in the middle of January, the coldest 
montli of a New England winter, that Williams, 
bidding adieu to wife and loved ones at home, be- 
took himself to the wilderness. " For fourteen 
weeks," as he wrote thirty-five years afterwards to 



his friend, Maj. Mason, he " was sorely tossed," 
" not knowing what bread or bed did mean."' The 
effects of this exposure to the severity of the 
weather he continued to feel to his latest days. 
The late Hon. Job Durfee, in his " What Cheer?" 
has, with a poefs license, graphically described 
some of the scenes relating to this historic event. 
He first settled at Seekonk, but in the latter part 
of June, as well as can now be ascertained, he with 
five companions embarked in a canoe, and after 
landing on " What Cheer Rock," rowed around 
India Point and up the Mooshausick River, landing 
at the foot of a hill, where they commenced a settle- 
ment, which, in gratitude to his Supreme deliverer, 
he gave the name of Providence. Other settlers 
from Massachusetts joined them, and at an early 
period they entered into an agreement or compact 
•' only in civil things," and thus became a " town 
fellowship." Subsequently they became a colony, 
under the name of '' Rhode Island and Providence 
Plantations," with a liberal charter granted by 
King Charles II. In their address to the throne, 
they declared their purpose " to hold forth a lively 
experiment, that a most flourishing civil state may 
stand and best be maintained with full liberty in 
religious concernments." " Thus was founded," 
says Gervinus, the celebrated German professor, 
•' a small, new society in Rhode Island, upon the 
principles of entire liberty of conscience, and the 
uncontrolled power of the majority in secular con- 
cerns." ..." These institutions have not only 
maintained themselves here, but have spread over 
tlie whole Union. They have superseded the aris- 
tocratic commencements of Carolina and of New 
York, the high-church party in Virginia, the theoc- 
racy in Massachusetts, and the monarchy through- 
out America ; they have given laws to one quarter 
of the globe, and, dreaded for their moral influence, 
they stand in the background of every democratic 
struggle in Europe." 

In the month of March, 1639, Mr. Williams, 
whose tendency to Baptist views had long been 
apparent, was publicly immersed. His mode of 
planting the church, now known as the First Bap- 
tist church in Providence, was this. Mr. Ezekiel 
llolliman, a gifted and pious layman, first baptized 
Mr. Williams, who in turn baptized llolliman 
'' and some ten more." The names of these twelve 
original members are given by Benedict in his 
" History of the Baptists." Thus was founded what 
is commonly regarded as the oldest Baptist church 
in America; a church which, for nearly two and a 
half centuries, has firmly held to the great doc- 
trines of regeneration, believer's baptism, and re- 
ligious liberty ; and which, today, is looked upon 
with veneration and filial pride by the large and 
flourishing denomination it so worthily represents. 

Mr. Williams for some cause did not long retain 



WILLIAMS 



WILLIAMS 



his connection with the cliuvch, having doubts, it 
appears, in regard to the validity of this proceed- 
ing, in consequence of the absence of a " visible 
succession" of authorized administrators of the 
rite of baptism. " In a few months," says Scott, 
writing thirty-eight years afterwards, " he broke 
from the society and declared at large the grounds 
and reason of it, — that their baptism could not be 
right liecause it was not administered by an apos- 
tle." Perhaps the "society" were lacking in effi- 
ciency and zeal. It is certain that for more than 
sixty years they lived without a meeting-house, 
worshiping in groves and private dwellings ; that 
they discarded singing and music in public wor- 
ship ; insisted on the imposition of hands, and, 
until President Manning's time, were content with 
an untrained, unpaid ministry. Mr. Williams be- 
came what in the early history of New England is 
denominated a Seeker ; a term, says Gammell, not 
inaptly applied to those who, in any age of the 
church, are dissatisfied with its prevailing creeds 
and institutions, and seek for more congenif^l views 
of truth, or a faith better adapted to their spiritual 
wants. Although he soon terminated his ecclesi- 
astical relations, it must not be inferred that there 
was ill feeling engendered in consequence, or that 
he ceased to preach the gospel. He continued on 
the terms of the closest intimacy and friendship 
with his successor in the ministry, Chad Brown, 
and in one of his latest lettei's, written to Gov. 
Bradstreet, he expressed a desire to have some of 
his sermons printed. That he did not undervalue 
the benefits of Christian fellowship is evident from 
his writings. In his reply to Geo. Fox, written in 
1676, he says, " After all my search, and examina- 
tions, and considerations, I said, I do profess to 
believe that some come nearer to the first primitive 
churches, and the institutions and appointments 
of Christ Jesus, than others ; as in many respects, 
so in that gallant, and heavenly, and fundamental 
principle of the true matter of a Christian congre- 
gation, flock, or society, viz., actual believers, 

TRUE DISCIPLES AND CONVERTS, LIVING STONES, SUch 

as can give some account how the grace of God 
hath appeared unto them." In regard to what is 
known as the distinguishing sentiments of Baptists 
at the present day, viz., baptism by immersion, Mr. 
Williams did not, it appears, change his views. 
In a letter to Winthrop, dated Sept. 10, 1649, more 
than ten years after the founding of the church at 
Providence, he says, " At Seekonk a great many 
have lately concurred with Mr. John Clarke and our 
Providence men about the point of a new baptism, 
and the manner by dipping, and Mr. Clarke h^th 
been there lately, and Mr. Luear, and hath dipped 

them. I BELIEVE THEIR PRACTICE COMES NEARER 
THE FIRST PRACTICE OF OUR GREAT FoUNDER, ChRIST 
J-ESUS, THAN OTHER PRACTICES OF RELIGION DO." 



The limits of a brief sketch like the present com- 
pel us to pass rapidly in review the leading events 
in the further career of this distinguished man, 
referring our readers to the full and authentic his- 
tory of Rhode Island by the late Samuel G. Ar- 
nold, and to his memoirs by Knowles, Gammell, 
Underbill, and Elton. His works, in seven large 
quarto volumes, with a biograpliical introduction 
by Guild, recently published under the auspices of 
the " Narragansett Club," form his most complete 
and " enduring monument." In 1643 he sailed for 
England, where, through the influence of his per- 
sonal friend. Sir Heni-y Vane, he succeeded in pro- 
curing a charter for Rhode Island, bearing date 
March 14, 1644. In 1645 he was instrumental in 
making peace between the Narragansetts and the 
Mohegans, thus preserving the settlements of New 
England a second time from a general war. In 
1651, in company with his "loving friend," Rev. 
John Clarke, of Newport, he embarked a second 
time for England to procure from Charles II. a 
confirmation of the first charter. Returning in the 
summer of 1654, he succeeded in reorganizing the 
government upon a permanent basis, and in Sep- 
tember following he was chosen president or gov- 
ernor. This position he occupied until May, 1658, 
when he retired from the office. Concerning the 
closing years of his life we know but little. He 
outlived most of his contemporaries, dying at the 
advanced age of eighty-four, in the full vigor of 
his mental faculties. He was buried under arms, 
" with all the solemnity," says Callender, " the 
colony was able to show." 

The name of Roger AVilliams has been handed 
down to us by Puritan writers loaded with re- 
proach. He is described by Neal as a rigid Brown- 
ist, precise and uncharitable, and of the most tur- 
bulent and boisterous passions. But his writings 
refute the first charge, and his conduct, under cir- 
cumstances likely to arouse the gentlest spirit, con- 
tradicts the second. Gov.. Winthrop, in a letter to 
him, says, " Sir, we have often tried your patience, 
but could never conquer it." He suffered more 
than most men from the slanders of those who 
should have been his friends. Coddington accused 
him " as a hireling, who, for the sake of money, 
went to England for the charter." Harris, in the 
long and angry controversy between them, left no 
means untried to undermine his influence witii 
those for whom he had supplied a home, when the 
gates of Massachusetts were closed against them. 
Palfrey, in his elaborate "History of New Eng- 
land," states that his life, as a whole, "cannot be 
called, in any common use of the terms, a success- 
ful one," while " his official life was mostly passed 
in a furious turmoil." And even the genial Dexter, 
in his recently-published monograph, "As to 
Roger Williams," justifies his banishment from 



WILLIAMS 



1254 



WILLIAMS 



Massachusetts, and accuses the Baptist denomina- 
tion of canonizing him without a due regard to 
facts. His offense, says Marsden, was this, — " He 
enunciated and lived to carry out the great princi- 
ple of perfect toleration amongst contending par- 
ties by whom it was equally abhorred." But 
posterity has rendered him justice, and the defender 
of Baptist principles, as well as the founder of 
Rhode Island, will be held in grateful and ever- 
lasting remembrance. The historian Bancroft pays 
him a glowing tribute in his immortal work. After 
seven pages of what Dexter is pleased to term 
" graceful rhetoric, in which he adroitly manages 
to evade most of the main points at issue," he 
closes with these memoraljlc woi'ds : " If Coperni- 
cus is held in perpetual reverence, because on his 
death-bed he published to the world that the sun 
is the centre of our system ; if the name of Kepler 
is preserved in the annals of human excellence for 
his sagacity in detecting the laws of planetary mo- 
tion ; if the genius of Newton has been almost 
adored for dissecting a ray of light, and weighing 
the heavenly bodies in a balance, — let there be for 
the name of Roger Williams at least some humble 
place among those^ who have advanced moral 
science and made themselves the benefactors of 
mankind." And Prof. Tyler, in his recent "His- 
tory of American Literature," gives a masterly 
analysis of the publications of the " Narragansett 
Club," to which we have already referred. AVil- 
liams, he says, in the outset, "never in anything 
addicted to concealments, has put himself without 
reserve into his writings. There he still remains. 
There, if anywhere, we may get well acquainted 
with him. Searching for him along the two thou- 
sand printed pages upon which he has stamped 
his own portrait, we seem to see a very human and 
fallible man, with a large head, a warm heart, a 
healthy body, an eloquent and imprudent tongue ; 
not a symmetrical person, poised, cool, accurate, 
circumspect ; a man very anxious to be genuine 
and to get at the truth, but impatient of slow 
methods, trusting gallantly to his own intuitions, 
easily deluded by his own hopes ; an imaginative, 
sympathetic, affluent, impulsive man ; an optimist; 
his master-passion, benevolence ; . . . lovely in 
his carriage ; ... of a hearty and sociable turn ; 
... in truth, a clubable person ; a man whose dig- 
nity Avould not have petrified us, nor his saintli- 
ness have given us a chill ; ... in New England, 
a mighty and benignant form, always pleading for 
some magnanimous idea, some tender charity, the 
rectification of some wrong, the exercise of some 
sort of forbearance towards men's bodies or souls." 
Williams, Rev. Samuel, was born in Connells- 
ville, Fayette Co., Pa., on the 5th of August, 1802. 
At the age of twenty, while a student at Zanesville, 
0., he embraced Christ by faith. Along with light 



upon his heart came the love of souls, and in two 
years from his conversion he was ordained in 
Somerset Co., Pa. In May, 1827, he became pas- 
tor of the First Baptist church in Pittsburgh, Pa. 
This relation continued twenty-eight years, during 
which period six other churches were organized. 
Leaving Pittsbui-gh, he settled in Akron, 0. Here 
he remained eight years, and then became pastor 
in Springfield. At both these places he, in connec- 
tion with his wife, conducted a female seminary. 
Two subsequent years were spent as pastor in New 
Castle, Pa., and five years more were employed 
among churches in the vicinity of Pittsburgh. His 
present residence is Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. Williams 
engaged in numerous controversies, both orally 
and in writing, in defense of Baptist doctrine and 
practice. 

Williams, Rev. William, was born in Hill- 
town, Pa., in the year 1752. He was fitted for 
college in the school of Rev. Isaac Eaton, in Hope- 
well, N. J., and graduated from Brown University, 
with the first class, in 1769. He was baptized by 
Rev. Charles Thompson, Sept. 29, 1771, and be- 
came a member of the Warren church, then the 
home of the college. This church gave him a li- 
cense to preach the gospel, which bears the date of 
April 18, 1773. Having preached for two years in 
Wrentham, Mass., the church extended to him a 
call to become their pastor, and he was ordained 
July 3, 1776. Soon after removing to Wrentham 
he opened a school, which became celebrated in 
all the section of the country in which he lived. 
As near as can be ascertained he had not far from 
200 youths under his charge, 80 of whom were fitted 
by him to enter Brown University. In after-life 
not a few of these did honor to him as their early 
preceptor, in the different professions and callings 
in which they spent their days-. He was about 
seventy-one years of age when he died. The event 
occurred Sept. 22, 1823. Dr. Abial Fisher says of 
him, " His talents and acquirements were highly 
respectable. His services as a teacher commanded 
great respect not only in but out of his denomina- 
tion." Among his pupils were the late Hon. David 
R. Williams, governor of South Carolina, and the 
Hon. Tristam Burgess, LL.D., late Professor of 
Oratory and Belles-Lettres in Brown University. 

Williams, William, D.D., LL.D., Professor of 
Ecclesiastical History, Church Government, and 
Pastoral Duties in the Southern Baptist Theologi- 
cal Seminai'y, was born at Eatonton, Putnam Co., 
Ga., March 15, 1821. He was converted and united 
with a Baptist church in 1837, and graduated at 
the University of Geoi-gia in 1840. His attention 
was first directed to the legal profession, as a prep- 
aration for which he attended the law-school of 
Harvard University, where he graduated in 1847. 
He entered the ministry in 1851, his first pastorJil 



WILLIAMS 



WILLIS 



charge being at Auburn, Ala. In 1856 he became 
Professor of Theology in Mercer University, then 
at Penfield, Ga. In 1859 he was elected Professor 
of Ecclesiastical History, Church Government, and 
Pastoral Duties in the Southern Baptist Theo- 
logical Seminary. At various times during the 
enforced absence of the Professor of Systematic 
Theology the duties of that chair were filled by 
Dr. Williams, and in May, 1872, he was formally 
transferred to that professorship, in which he con- 
tinued until his death. Dr. Williams was on sev- 
eral occasions elected one of the vice-presidents of 
the Southern Baptist Convention, and was the ap- 
pointed preacher of its twenty-fifth annual sermon 
at St. Louis, Mo., in May, 1871. lie received the 
degree of D.D. from Mercer University in 1859, and 
of LL.D. from Richmond College in 1876. 

He died at Aiken, S. C, Feb. 20, 1877, and was 
buried at Greenville, S. C, where his former stu- 
dents have erected a monument to his memory. 

Williams, William R., D.D., LL.D., was born 
in New York, Oct. 14, 1804. His f\ither, Rev. 
John Williams, was pastor of the Oliver Street 
church twenty-seven years. He was graduated at 
Columbia College with distinguished honor in 1823, 
and commenced the study of the law, intending to 
make that his profession. He was baptized by Dr. 
S. H. Cone into the fellowship of the Oliver Street 




J. WILLIAMS, D.D., LL.D. 



church, and took an active part in church work. 
By his labor a mission Sunday-school was organ- 
ized in the thirteenth ward, which grew into the 
East Broome Street Baptist church. Its name was 



changed to tiie Cannon Street church, and it is 
now known as the East Baptist church. 

He was then identified with another new inter- 
est, and, having been licensed to preach, when the 
Amity Street church was constituted he was at the 
same time ordained as its pastor. Dec. 17, 1832. 

While in the practice of the law his literary ca- 
reer commenced. He wrote first a biographical 
notice of his father, and an elaborate address en-, 
titled "Conservative Principles in our Literature."' 
His " Miscellanies" and his " Lectures on the 
Lord's Prayer," with other sermons and addresses, 
raised him to the first rank among religious au- 
thors. The purity of his rhetoric, the clearness of 
his reasoning, and the brilliance of his style have 
led literary men to pronounce him the Robert Hall 
of America. Dr. Williams produces his great works 
from a well-trained and well-stored mind furnished 
by the great libraries of New York and his own 
choice collection of more than 10,000 volumes. 

At this present writing Dr. AYilliams occupies 
the same pulpit in which he was ordained nearly 
fifty years ago. He has been invited to chairs in 
colleges and seminaries, but such is his love for 
his church and his study that he has declined all 
such tempting proposals. He is never heard in 
public debate, nor does he engage in newspaper 
discussion on any subject. 

His late lectures in New York on " Baptist His- 
tory" and " Bunyan and the Pilgrim's Progress" 
called out a good attendance of clergymen of all 
denominations and of literary men, who were de- 
lighted by his eloquence and learning. 

Dr. Williams is one of the most elegant writers 
that ever used the English language, and one of 
the greatest men that ever occupied an American 
pulpit. 

WUlis, Eev. C. C, one of the most pious, use- 
ful, and laborious of the ministers in the Columbus 
Association, Ga., was born March 24, 1809, in 
Baldwin County, and removed to Talbot County at 
maturity, where, for half a century, he has been 
faithfully working for .Jesus. He has made a most 
salutai-y impression on the entire community in 
his section ; has built up and trained to a high de- 
gree of excellence several churches ; and has ex- 
erted a noble influence in behalf of missions and 
Sunday-schools. He has often been Moderator of 
the Columbus Association, and is one of the best 
pastors and revival preachers in the State. 

WiUis, Rev. Edward J., was bom in Culpeper 
Co., Va., Dec. 19, 1820 ; was educated in Virginia 
and in Massachusetts ; studied law at the Univer- 
sity of Virginia, and graduated in July, 1842. He 
began the practice of law at once, his home being 
in Charlottesville. He was baptized in his 
eighteenth year. 

In 1849 he went to. California, walking from In- 



WILLIS 



WILSON 



dependence, Mo., a distance of 2200 miles. lie 
began the practice of the law in Sacramento ; in 
April, 1850, he was elected judge. In 1854 he was 
licensed to preach; resigned his judgeship, and 
in October of the same year was ordained a min- 
ister of the gospel. The Oakland and Sacramento 
churches were both organized at his residence. His 
first pastorate was with the Oakland church, which 
continued till 1854. He then returned to Virginia, 
and from 1854 to 1860 was pastor of the Leigh 
Street church in Richmond. 

He was first chaplain, and then captain, of the 
15th Virginia Regiment of infantry in the Con- 
federate army, and commanded the regiment in 
several of the battles of the war. 

For two years, 1865-67, he was pastor at Gor- 
donsville and Orange Court-House. From 1867 to 
1869 he was pastor of the church in Alexandria; 
thence he went as missionary pastor to Winchester, 
and in 1872 took charge of the Winchester Female 
Institute, now Broaddus Female College, which 
was removed to Clarksburg, W. Va., in 1876. 

Willis, Rev. Joseph, the apostle of the Attaka- 
pas (Louisiana), was a mulatto. He first appears 
in Southwest Mississippi as a licensed preacher in 
1798. He was born in 1762. Upon the acquisition 
of Louisiana he boldly crossed the Mississippi 
River, and in 1804 preached at Vermilion and at 
Plaquemlne Brul6. For eight years, amid trials 
and persecutions, he preached the gospel in the 
Opelousas country, alone and unremunerated, ex- 
pending a little fortune in the effort, planting the 
seeds of many churches that afterwards sprang up. 
In 1812, with the assistance of visiting ministers 
from Mississippi, he organized a church at Bayou 
Chicot, the first west of the Mississippi. Father 
Willis, as he was affectionately called, extended 
his labors and constituted other churches. Being 
joined byO'Quin and Nettles in 1816, the churches 
increased, and in 1818 the Louisiana Association 
was organized, of which he was moderator many 
years. He lived to see abundant fruits of his 
labors. He died in 1854. 

WiUmarth, Rev. Isaac M., was bom at Deer- 
field, N. Y., Oct. 27, 1804, and was baptized there 
in 1830 ; graduated from Hamilton College in 
1825, and Newton Theological Institution in 1833; 
ordained at New York, April 30, 1834, and pro- 
ceeded to France, where he labored as a mission- 
ary until 1837. (See Mission to France.) Com- 
pelled by ill health to return to America, his life 
has been spent in preaching and teaching. He 
has been pastor at Peterborough, New Ipswich, 
and Drewsville, N. H., Grafton and Pondville, 
Vt., and Rowe, Mass. He has been principal of 
several academies. Is living (1881), and able to 
preach occasionally. Mr. Willmarth is a devout 
man, whose life has been full of usefulness. 



WiUmarth, Rev. James W., was born in 

Paris, France, of American parents, in 1835. He 
was baptized in Grafton, Vt., in 1848. His early 
studies were greatly impeded by an affection of the 
eyes, but his thirst for knowledge could not be 
held in check by any difficulty not insurmounta- 
ble ; he gave time and toil to the ancient languages, 
and his heart to theological acquisitions, and at an 
early period in life he was a scholarly preacher, 
well skilled in divinity. His first public service 
for Christ was performed when he was a mission- 
ary colporteur of the American Baptist Publication 
Society in Chicago. He was ordained, in 1860, in 
Aurora, 111. He has been pastor in Metaraora, 
111., Amenia, N. Y., Wakefield, Mass., Pemberton, 
N. J., and he is now the pastor of Roxborough 
church, Philadelphia. He is a writer of great 
power, and he uses a pi'olific pen. His articles on 
"The Future Life" and "Baptism and Remis- 
sion," in the Baptist Quarterly, showed much 
originality, and produced a profound impression 
upon cultured men of God. 

No one stands higher in the estimation of his 
friends, and all that know him may be reckoned 
among the number. His position on any subject 
is very decided ; he knows nothing of half-heart- 
edness ; his thoughts are as transparent as a sun- 
beam. He shuns no responsibility in defending 
any truth ; he avoids no sacrifice in assisting a 
friend. He is an able preacher, with a noble in- 
tellect, ardent piety, and a bright earthly future, 
if his slender frame will permit him to stay on 
earth for a few years. 

Wilson, Adam, D.D., was bom in Topsham, 
Me., Feb. 10, 1794. He fitted for college at the 
Hebron Academy, and entered Bowdoin College, 
in Brunswick, Me., in 1815. At the close of his 
Freshman year he was baptized. He graduated 
in 1819 and studied theology with Rev. Dr. Staugh- 
ton, then of Philadelphia. In the early part of 
1822 he commenced his ministry in Wiscassett, 
Me., having been previously ordained, Dec. 13, 1820. 
He remained in Wiscassett two years. For nearly 
four years he served as pastor of two churches, 
one in New Gloucester and the other in Turner. 
While thus engaged, he was invited to take charge 
of a new paper which was about to be started in 
Maine, as the organ of the Baptist denomination in 
that State; the first number of which. The Zion's 
Advocate, appeared Nov. 11, 1828, with tiie imprint 
of Adam AVilson as its editor and proprietor. He 
continued to perform his editorial duties for ten 
years, when he received and accepted a call to be- 
come the pastor of the First Baptist church in 
Bangor, securing the services of another to take 
his place as editor of the Advocate, although he re- 
mained its proprietor. He was pastor of the 
Bangor church three years and a half, and of the 



WILSON 



1257 



WILSON 



church in Turner, with which he had formerly 
been connected, two years, at the end of which 
time, 1843, he resumed the editorial management 
of his paper. For five years he continued in this 




position, and then acted as pastor, first of the 
church in Hebron, and then of the church in Paris, 
covering a period of nearly ten years. In 1858 he 
removed to Waterville, which was his home the 
remainder of his life. He was constantly engaged 
in supplying the weak churches in the section 
where he lived, and his usefulness was not abated 
down to the close of life. He was an able theolo- 
gian, and worthily won the degree of D.D., con- 
ferred on him by Waterville College in 1851. The 
amount of literary work which he accomplished as 
the editor of Zion^s Advocate for sixteen years it 
is not easy to estimate. He published but little 
apart from what he prepared for his paper. For 
more than forty years he was a trustee of Water- 
ville College, now Colby University. " The col- 
lege records show,'' says President Champlin, 
" that his hand framed the greater part of the im- 
portant reports and resolutions presented during 
that long period. In all the discussions and diffi- 
cult questions arising at the sessions of the trus- 
tees. Dr. Wilson's uniformly conciliatory spirit had 
rendered inestimable service." A busy and most 
useful life terminated Jan. 16, 1871. It is safe to 
say that probably to no one man is the present 
prosperity of the Baptist denomination in the State 
of Maine more due than to the subject of this 
sketch. The last words which fell from his lips, a 



few hours before he died, were, " One Lord, one 
faith, one baptism, one religion, one hope, one 
Saviour, one heaven, one eternity. Amen, and 
amen ! Amen, and amen !" 

Wilson, Daniel M., was born at Morristown, 
N. J., in 1803. His mother was an excellent Chris- 
tian woman of marked character. In early life 
he obtained a hope in Christ, but did not make a 
profession until mature years. He united with 
the First Baptist church, Newark. He was at the 
head of a strong commercial firm, had already ac- 
quired a financKil competence, and he brought his 
eminent business capabilities, with a true Chris- 
tian devotedness, into action for church prosperity. 
He exerted a powerful influence over the principal 
commercial corporations with which he was con- 
nected ; served faithfully as collector of internal 
revenue for the lai-ge eastern district of New 
Jersey, and filled other public offices involving 
important trusts. In endeavoring to build up the 
churches in Newark he was indefatigable. The 
success of the city mission was largely due to his 
counsels and efforts. For eighteen successive years 
he was president of the New Jersey Baptist State 
Convention, occupying that office at his death in 
1873. For most of that time he was treasurer of 
the Education Society. As president of the New 
•Jei'sey Classical and Scientific Institute, at Ilights- 
town, he devoted much time and energy to the 
erection of the fine building and the prosperity of 
the institution. He was for a time president of 
the American and Foreign Bible Society, and being 
a generous contributor to all the societies for the 
extension of the Saviour's kingdom, his counsels 
were much prized. When at the age of three- 
score and ten he departed from earth, his death was 
regarded as a public loss. 

Wilson, Franklin, D.D., was bom in Balti- 
more, Md., Dec. 8, 1822. His father, Thomas 
Wilson, was a meml)er of the eminent firm of 
William Wilson & Sons. Franklin's mother died 
when he was fifteen months old, but her place was 
largely supplied by the devotion of his father's 
cousin. Miss P. Stansbury, a very pious and active 
member of the First Baptist church, Avho trained 
the motherless children in " the nurture and ad- 
monition of the Lord." He began the study of 
Latin when only seven years old ; at the age of ten 
was sent to Mount Hope College, near Baltimore, 
and before he was thirteen he entered the Fresh- 
man class. One <if his teachers there was the Rev. 
II. B. Ilackett, D.D., who became a Baptist while 
in Baltimore. Soon after. Dr. Ilackett accepted a 
professorship in Brown University, R. I., and in 
1836 Franklin was sent to that college, at first 
under the special guardianship of Prof Ilackett. 
At the close of his Junior year, he was obliged to 
suspend his studies from weakness of the eyes, and 



WILSON 



WILSON 



he graduated with the succeeding class in 1841, de- 
livering the classical oration at the commencement. 
He was fortunate in having as classmates' or friends 
■while in college such men as Samson, Malcom, 




FRANKLIN WILSON, D.D. 

Dodge, Lincoln, Brooks, Brantly, Weston, and 
others since eminent in the denomination. During 
the revival which followed the day of pi'ayer for 
colleges, in 1838, he professed conversion, and 
was baptized in Baltimore, April 22, 1838, by the 
Rev. Stephen P. Hill, D.D. In 1842 he entered 
the Newton Theological Institution, but left in 
1844, before completing the course, to attend his 
father in his fatal illness. While at home he be- 
gan laboring at a mission chapel, erected by his 
uncle, James Wilson, at Huntington (since Wav- 
erly), and finally accepted the pastorship of the 
church formed there under his ministry. In 184") 
he took a trip to Europe, visiting England, Ire- 
land, Scotland, and France. He was ordained 
in Baltimore, Jan. 18, 1846, at the First Baptist 
church, where he preached his first sermon in 
1842, being then but nineteen years of age, on a 
theme which always deeply interested him, — 
" Prayer for Colleges." In 1857 a council of city 
churches urged him to become the pastor of the 
High Street church, Baltimore, which was over- 
whelmed by financial difficulties and about to be 
sold. He accepted, and held the position till 1850, 
thus, by his gratuitous services, saving the house 
of worship, encouraging the church, and adding 
to its membei-ship eighty-four by baptism. A 
disease of the vocal organs compelled him at this 



time to suspend his public labors ; but he continued 
his pastorate until 1852, when he reluctantly re- 
signed. After six years of partial rest his vocal 
organs were strengthened, and since that he has 
preached hundreds of sermons. 

Dr. Wilson has added much to the literature of 
the denomination. Early in 1851 he became editor 
of The True Union, a Baptist weekly, then pub- 
lished in Baltimore, which position he held until 
1857. He edited it again in 1861, and during these 
years he not only gave his time and labor gratui- 
tously to the work, but expended, in addition, not 
less than .$200 a year for the privilege of keeping 
up the paper. 

In 1857-58 he edited The Christian Review 
(quarterly), in conjunction with Rev. G. B. Taylor, 
now missionary in Rome, Italy. In 1865 he edited 
for one year The Maryland Baptist, a monthly 
paper. In 1853 he gained a prize of .$100 for the 
best essay on " The Duties of Churches to their 
Pastors." He also published tracts and essays on 
" Keep the Church Pure," " The Comparative In- 
fluence of Baptist and Pedobaptist Principles in 
the Christian Nurture of Children," " How Far 
may a Christian indulge in Popular Amusements?" 
" What Must I Do to be Saved?" (a tract which has 
proved a blessing to many an inquiring mind) and 
a very valuable treatise on "Wealth, its Acquisi- 
tion, Investment, and Use," which has received 
the warmest commendations of the pi-ess. 

One of the most important posts he has occupied 
is that of secretary of the Executive Board of the 
Maryland Baptist Union Association. Elected in 
1847, he has held that office for more than thirty 
years. Tlie Association was formed in- 1836, with 
only 6 churches and 478 members. In 1877 it num- 
bered 60 churches and 10,716 members, and its an- 
nual contributions had increased more than tenfold. 
In 1854 he was largely instrumental, with Rev. Dr. 
Williams, in forming the Baltimore Baptist Church 
Extension Society ; was its first secretary for a 
number of years and a large contributor to its 
funds. Under its auspices were erected the Lee 
Street, the Franklin Square, the Leadenhall Street, 
and the Madison Square meeting-houses. The last 
was built entirely at the expense of Dr. Wilson, as 
was also the Rockdale chapel, near Baltimore. He 
has also given liberally to the erection of nearly 
every other Baptist meeting-house in Maryland. 
In 1854 he became one of the constituent members 
of the Franklin Square church, where he has re- 
mained ever since, having been frequently called 
to act as temporary pastor during the changes in 
the pastoral relation which the church has experi- 
enced. He has preached in that church more than 
250 times, and baptized fifty persons. As early as 
1860 he became deeply interested in Italy ; wrote 
and published many articles on it as a missionary 



WILSON 



1259 



WILSON 



field for Baptists ; and in 1864 induced the Rev. 
John Berg to write an article for the London Free- 
man, which gave rise to the Italian Mission from 
the English Baptists. In 1870, Dr. Wilson, by re- 
quest, delivered an address in Philadelphia, at the 
anniversary of the American Baptist Publication 
Society, urging it to engage in distributing religious 
publications in Italy and Spain ; and the Rev. 
James B. Taylor was confirmed by it in the desire 
to establish a mission in Italy. Shortly after, the 
Rev. Dr. Cote was introduced by Dr. Wilson to the 
Southern Board, and became the first American 
Baptist missionary in Rome. Since 1847, Dr. Wil- 
son has been one of the trustees of the Columbian 
College, Washington, D. C, and when the college, 
in 1872, became the Columbian University, he was 
made one of its overseers. This institution con- 
ferred on him the degree of D.D. in 1865. 

Many of the benevolent organizations of Balti- 
more have his aid and counsel. He originated the 
Young Men's Christian Association of that city. 
lie has done much towards iuiproving and beauti- 
fying the subui-bs, and has aided in the erection of 
more than forty buildings, besides churches. He 
has done much, also, towards preventing ravages 
by fire, and is now president of the Fire-Proof 
Building Company, the first great work of which 
was rendering fire-proof the noble buildings of the 
Peabody Institute and the Johns Hopkins Hospital. 

Wilson, Rev. J. C, was bom in Chatham Co., 
N. C, July 23, 1820 ; baptized by Rev. P. W. 
Doud in 1838; ordained in November, 1849, Revs. 
P. W. Doud and J. Olin forming the Presbytery ; 
was educated at Wake Forest College, and has 
served with great acceptance a number of churches 
in Orange, Chatham, and Wake Counties.. Mr. 
Wilson has been for many years the moderator of 
the Mount Zion Association. 

Wilson, John Butler, M.D., the eldest son of 
Rev. Dr. A. Wilson, was born in Portland, Me., 
Feb. 24, 1834. He was a graduate of Waterville 
College in the class of 1854. For three years he 
was the principal of an academy in East Corinth 
and of the high school in Dexter, Me. He received 
the degree of M.D. at the Jefferson Medical College, 
in Philadelphia, in 1859, and commenced the prac- 
tice of his profession at Exeter, Me. Upon the 
call for troops in the late civil war. Dr. Wilson was 
commissioned as captain of a company raised by 
himself, and in the fall of 1861 was stationed at 
Pensacola as provost-marshal for the District of 
West Florida and South Alabama. Subsequently 
he was appointed surgeon of the 7th Regiment, 
U. S. Infantry, and was medical director of all the 
forces in Texas. He received other professional 
appointments as proof of the confidence of the 
government in his capacity. The state of his 
health obliged him to resign, and he returned to 



Maine in 1865. He resumed his profession in 
Dexter, Me., but did not long survive the hardships 
which had thoroughly undermined his constitution. 
He died at Dexter, March 15, 1866. 

"■ Dr. Wilson was a man of fine talents and at- 
tainments, qualified for the first rank in his pro- 
fession, in which he had already won distinction. 
His ardent love for the study of nature, which he 
had pursued from early youth, would have earned 
for him scientific reputation had his life been 
spared." 

Wilson, Rev. John S., was born in Franklin 
Co., Ky., July 13, 1795. In his infancy his parents 
settled in Adair County. At the age of eighteen 
years he was baptized into the fellowship of Mount 
Gilead Baptist church. Five years afterwards he 
settled in Todd County. In 1822 he was licensed 
to preach, and after a few months was ordained 
and became pastor of Lebanon church. Soon after- 
wards he became pastoral supply of other churches 
in his neighborhood. Brilliant success attended 
his labors wherever he preached. From his ordi- 
nation until his death he lived in an almost un- 
broken series of revivals. In 1833 he accepted the 
Kentucky agency of the American Bible Society, 
and during the same year was called to the pas- 
torate of the First Baptist church in Louisville. 
He accepted, and the church prospered under his 
ministry, but he still continued the work of an 
evangelist, and multitudes were converted during 
revivals conducted by him in the counties around 
Louisville. In the spring of 1835 he preached fif- 
teen days in Shelbyville, and 101 were baptized. 
The revival spread to the neighboring churches, 
and it was estimated that 1200 were added to the 
Loi"d during its continuance, upwards of 800 of 
whom were baptized into the churches of Long 
River Association. His last work was in a great 
revival at Elizabethtown in August of the same 
year. He died Aug. 28, 1835. 

Wilson, Rev. Joseph Kennard, son of Rev. 
James E. and Esther B. Wilson, was born atBlack- 
woodtown, N. J., June 29, 1852; converted Decem- 
ber, 1867, and baptized into Blockley Baptist 
church, Philadelphia, Pa., of which his father was 
the pastor; removed to Massachusetts in 1868; 
entered Brown University in 1870 ; graduated in 
1873, and entered Crozer Theological Seminary, at 
Upland, Pa. ; in the summer of 1874 supplied the 
Baptist church at Broadalbin, N. Y. ; called to be 
pastor of the church, and Avas ordained Nov. 4, 
1874; in the winter of 1875-76 preached at Flor- 
ence, N. J., and about eighty were converted, and 
a church afterwards was formed ; graduated from 
Crozer Theological Seminary in 1876 ; accepted a 
call from Nyack, N. Y. ; in February, 1878, settled 
with Huntington Street Baptist church in New 
London, Conn., and is now (1881) laboring there. 



WILSON 



1260 



WIN GATE 



Wilson, N. W., D.D., one of the most eloquent 
ministers in the South, who fell a victim to yellow 
fever in New Orleans in 1878, while heroically 
discharging his duties as pastor of Colosseum 
Place Baptist church, was born in Pendleton Co., 
Va., Oct. 20, 1834; was ordained in 1858; after 
filling several country psfstorates in Virginia he 
was called to Chapel Hill, N. C, where his rare 
talents soon rendered him distinguished; thence to 
Farmdale, Va., where he labored for two years. 
But a wider field was awaiting him, and in 1870 he 
was called to Grace Street church, Richmond, Va., 
where he ministered with great success until he 
was called to New Orleans in 1875. In his new 
field he fully sustained his reputation, and fell a 
martyr to humanity. 

Wilson, William Lyne, was born in Jefferson 
Co., Va., May 3, 1843. He pursued his early edu- 
cation at the Charlestown Academy, and entering 
the Columbian College, September, 1858, he gradu- 
ated with honors in June of 1860. After receiving 
his degree of A.B. he entered the University of 
Virginia to prosecute some special studies, and re- 
mained there until the war broke out, at which 
time he left and entered the Confederate service, 
serving through the contest in the 12th Regular 
Virginia Cavalry. In 1865 he w'as elected Assistant 
Professor of Ancient Languages in the Columbian 
College, and in 1867 he was chosen Professor of 
the Latin Language and Literature. While hold- 
ing this position, Mr. Wilson took the course of 
law in the Law-School of the Columbian College, 
and graduated LL.B. in 1867. He was baptized 
by the Rev. Dr. Cuthbert in November, 1870. In 
1871 he resigned his professorship to practise law. 
which he is still doing, in Winchester, Va. He 
held for several years the office of county super- 
intendent of schools. Mr. Wilson is greatly in- 
terested in educational movements, and on more 
than one occasion his admirable addresses at Asso- 
ciational meetings have stimulated his hearers to 
a greater zeal in their behalf. 

Wilson, Rev. William V., was born Nov. 18, 
1811, in Hunterdon Co., N. J. Early he developed 
a great inclination and aptitude for study ; was 
converted when about eighteen, and joined the 
church at Sandy Ridge in 1831. He had a 
thorough education, covering a number of years, 
under such men as H. K. Green and Samuel 
Aaron ; entered Princeton Theological Seminary 
in 1838, the certificate of Mr. Aaron being consid- 
ered equivalent to a college diploma. After pur- 
suing the full course he became a missionary of 
the New Jersey Baptist State Convention in Mid- 
dlesex County. He was for a little time pastor at 
Keyport and at the Second Middletown Church. In 
1854 he became pastor of the Port Monmouth Bap- 
tist church, where for more than a quarter of a cen- 



tury he has edified the people of God. Mr. Wilson 
is treasurer of the Education Society. With preach- 
ing talents he combines an unusual aptitude for 
business, and he has freely and successfully used 
this for the cause of God. He succeeded in the 
almost impossible work of extricating Peddie Insti- 
tute from its financial difficulties, and has fre- 
quently by his counsels and labors helped to raise 
money needed for the carrying on of benevolent 
operations. His published sermon on giving, and 
other discourses and writings, have stirred up the 
people to greater consecration of their means to 
God and larger eff'orts to spread the gospel. 

Winchell, Rev. James Manning, so well 
known, especially in New England, as the com- 
piler of " Watts's Psalms and Hymns, with a Sup- 
plement,"' in general use in the Baptist churches 
before the introduction of the "Psalmist," was 
born at North East, Dutchess Co., N. Y., Sept. 8, 
1791. He became a Christian in early life. For 
three years he was a student in Union College. 
The last year of his college course he spent in 
Providence, and graduated from Brown University 
in 1812. While pursuing his regular studies in 
college he turned his attention to theology, and 
on graduating was licensed to pi-each by the Bap- 
tist church in North East. He supplied the church 
in Bristol, R. I., for a year, when he was called to 
Boston to the First Baptist church, where he was 
installed March 30, 1814, and was its pastor for 
six years. Dr. Neale says of him, " The favor- 
able impressions made at first were deepened by 
acquaintance. No remarkable events or stirring 
scenes occurred during his ministry, and he never 
sought to create an artificial excitement.- No large 
additions were made at any one time. Neither was 
there a period of dearth, but a steady and continu- 
ous advance in religious knowledge and spiritual 
life."' Ml-. Winchell fell a victim to New England's 
fatal malady, consumption. His death took place 
Feb. 22, 1820. One who knew him well while he 
was the pastor of the First church in Boston says 
of him, '• Young Winchell's manner in the pulpit 
approached more nearly to that of Sumirierfield, that 
youthful prodigy of loveliness, than any other that 
I have ever witnessed. There was the same win- 
ning simplicity and naturalness in the one as in 
the other." Dying at the early age of twenty- 
nine, he left behind him a memory full of the 
sweetest fragrance. 

Winebrennarians.— See Church of God. 

Wingate, W. M., D.D. — This best of men was' 
born in Darlington, S. C, July 28, 1828 ; was bap- 
tized by Dr. J. 0. B. Dargan ; graduated at Wake 
Forest College in 1849 ; studied theology for two 
years at Furman Institute, S. C. ; was agent of 
Wake Forest College from 1852 to 1854, when he 
was chosen president, which position he held till 



WLYGA TE 



1261 



WINKLER 



his death, a period of twenty-five years. He re- 
ceived tiie honorary degree of D.D. from Columbian 
University, Washington, D. C, in 1867. He died 
of heart disease, Feb. 27, 1879. 

He was an admirable college president, the 




ablest preacher the Baptists of North Carolina 
have yet had, and the sweetest saint the writer has 
ever known. The type of his piety was so exalted 
that it lifted him above the ordinary infirmities of 
even good men. 

It was meet that such a life should be crowned 
by a beautiful and glorious death. His last day 
was the happiesi, of his life. All that day his face 
shone as did that of Moses when he came from 
the presence of God in the mount, and when the 
supreme hour came the glory of God overshadowed 
the chamber where the good man met his fate. 
Just before he breathed his last he seemed to bo 
conversing with the Saviour as though he were 
personally present. " Oh, ho\j{ delightful it is ! I 
knew you would be with me when the time came, 
and I knew it would be sweet, but I did not know 
it would be so sweet as it is." 

A fitting tribute was paid to his virtues in a 
splendid eulogy pronounced by the Rev. F. H. 
Ivey, one of his old pupils, at the commencement 
following his death, and his memory is still further 
honored in the Wingate Memorial Hall, a large 
and handsome chapel erected by his friends during 
the past year. 

Winkler, Edwin Theodore, D.D., was born in 

Savannah, Ga., Nov. 13, 1823 ; prepared for college 



in Chatham Academy of his own city ; entered 
Brown University in 1839 ; graduated in 1843, and 
the same year entered Newton Theological Semi- 
nary ; in 1845 was assistant editor of the Christian 
Index ; supplied the pulpit of the church in Colum- 
bus, Ga., for six months; in 1846 became pastor 
at Albany, Ga., where he remained until called to 
Gallisonville, S. C. ; in 1852 became corresponding 
secretary of the Southern Baptist Publication 
Society, in Charleston, and editor of the Southern 
Baptist; in 1854 called to the First Baptist church 
in Ciiarleston, and, except during a somewhat 
lengthy chaplaincy in the Confederate army, he 
remained pastor in that city until called to Ala- 
bama, closing his pastorate there with the Citadel 
Square church, when he became, in 1872, pastor in 
the city of Marion. In 1874, when the Baptists 
of his newly-adopted State inaugurated the Ala- 
bama Baptist, he became editor-in-chief, a position 
which he still holds. He has been connected at 
times with other papers. North and South, as cor- 
responding editor. With a national reputation, he 
has been frequently invited North and South to 
deliver sermons and addresses on important occa- 
sions. Several of these addresses were called for, 
and published in permanent form. Of these, we 
may mention his Centennial address, in 1876, be- 




ED\n.\ THEODORE WINKLER, D.D. 

fore the Newton Theological Seminary, and his 
sermon before the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society, on the education of the colored ministry, 
in 1871. He is the author of a catechism for the 
oral instruction of the colored people, which has 



WINKS 



1262 



WINTER 



been extensively used ; of <an essay on " The Spirit 
of Missions, the Spirit of Christ;" of an essay on 
" The Sphere of the Ministry ;■' of a preface to 
the " Sacred Lute," a hymn-book, at the request 
of the Southern Baptist Publication Society. The 
degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him 
in 1858 by Furman University. He twice de- 
clined calls to a professorship in the Southern 
Baptist Theological Seminary. 

Dr. Winkler is distinguished for scholarly accu- 
racy, broad culture, clear and forcible style, courtly 
and dignified personal bearing, and the most elegant 
language and the finest literary allusions. He is 
always ready; this makes him one of the best and 
safest speakers in the whole country. His grand- 
father was a distinguished officer under Gen. 
Marion in the Revolutionary war. 

Winks, Joseph F., was born at Gainsborough, 
Lincolnshire, England, on Dec. 12, 1792. He was 
converted in his youth. In his family Bible he 
made the following record: "Begotten again unto 
a lively hope through the resurrection of Jesus 
Christ from the dead about 1812, but not baptized 
until Sept. 29, 1823." He gave himself with 
great ardor to the establishment of Sunday- 
schools in the neighborhood, and was called to the 
pastorate of the small General Baptist church at 
Killingholme. Subsequently he labored at Mel- 
bourne, Derbyshire, at Loughborough, and finally 
at Leicester, where he spent the remainder of his 
life. The establishment and promotion of denom- 
inational periodicals and of cheap evangelical liter- 
ature engrossed his energies for nearly forty years. 
For several years he edited five monthly njagazines, 
the Baptist Reporter, the Children'' s . Magazine, the 
Christian Pioneer, the Baptist Youths^ Magazine, 
and the Picture Magazine. He compiled a num- 
ber of Sunday-school books, and published many 
pamphlets and tracts on baptism, which had a 
wide circulation and a great influence. He was a 
fearless and unswerving friend of civil and relig- 
ious freedom, and stood in the front of every local 
conflict for the cause. His life was full of work. 
Whilst an attached member of the New Connection 
of General Baptists, his enthusiastic and enter- 
prising advocacy of Scripture baptism won for him 
the esteem of all earnest Baptists. 

He was ever active and untiring in evangelistic 
labors of all kinds; he was emphatically "ready 
to every good work." He died May 28, 1866, 
aged seventy-three. 

Winston, Prof. Charles H., was born in Rich- 
mond, Va. His father was Peter Winston, a dea- 
con in the First Baptist church. In 1855 he grad- 
uated at Hampden Sidney College, and was at once 
appointed tutor and assistant professor. In 1858 he 
took the degree of Master of Arts at the University 
of Virginia, and was immediately elected Professor 



of Ancient Languages in Transylvania University. 
In 1859 he w^as elected a professor in Richmond 
Female Institute, and the next year was made 
president, which position he held until 1873, when 
he was elected Professor of Physics in Richmond 
College. 

During the war, the exercises in the institute 
being temporarily suspended. Prof. Winston was 
in the service of the nitre bureau of the Confederate 
States, at Charlotte, N. C, making sulphuric acid. 
By his energy, skill, and fertility of resource he 
won the approbation of the bureau and of the gov- 
ernment. . 

The war ending, he resumed his life-work, for 
which he is pre-eminently fitted. As a teacher, he 
is patient and enthusiastic, with marvelous capacity 
for simplifying and making clear to the dull or me- 
diocre intellect. Like Procter, Huxley, and other 
scientists, he has delivered public lectures, illus- 
trated by diagrams and experiments, popularizing 
abstruse subjects, and awakening much interest 
and enthusiasm. He has a quick, fertile, and sug- 
gestive mind, never satisfied with superficial or 
first views, but going to the " bottom of things." 
As a counselor or committee-man. Prof. Winston 
is invaluable, as preventing hasty and inconsiderate 
action, and compelling a consideration of the " other 
side" of a proposition. 

Having been president of the City Sunday-School 
Association, he takes deep interest in the Sunday- 
school work, and his power to interest and instruct 
children is often called into requisition. As Pro- 
fessor of Physics, he has given his department 
prominence and popularity in the college and with 
the public, and at the South is regarded as one of 
the leading scientists. 

Winston, Rev. Meriwether, was born in Rich- 
mond, Va., in 1828 ; educated at Madison Univer- 
sity ; ordained pastor of the church in Chai-lottes- 
ville, Va. ; subsequently was pastor iij New York 
City, in Norfolk, Va., in Savannah, Ga., and in 
Philadelphia, Pa. He returned to the South on 
the breaking out of the war, and entered the heav- 
enly rest in 1866. He was a genial, brotherly min- 
ister, an eloquent preacher, and a Christain whose 
graces secured the love of all that knew him. 

Winter, John, M.D., was born in AVellington, 
England, in July, 1794. After graduating in the- 
ology from Bradford Seminary, he emigrated to 
America in 1822, and settled in Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Here for some time he taught a school, and served 
as pastor of the First Baptist church. During 
sixty years of a very active and successful minis- 
try his labors were chiefly in the western part of 
the State. For a few years he preached in Illinois, 
where two sons survive him. He died Nov. 5, 1878, 
in his eighty-fifth year, after an illness of only 
three days, in Sharon, Mercer Co., Pa. 



WINTER 



WISCONSIN 



His energy was more than ordinary, and his 
character was of a most positive type, blended with 
childlike simplicity and tenderness of heart. His 
clearnessof thought was remarkable. These traits 
made him just the man needed for his day. Hence, 
in his struggles with the errors of Alexander Camp- 
bell, he performed pre-eminent service, and checked 
materially the spread of error, saving many churches 
from being overwhelmed and destroyed. His crown- 
ing glory was his great success in winning souls to 
Christ. To the last of an honored and useful life 
he would not allow his mind to remain inactive, 
but kept himself well informed in general and the- 
ological learning. Hence he was always listened 
to with marked interest, and continued fresh and 
green until he closed his earthly labors. 

Dr. Winter was twice married. His second wife 
survives him, and is the mother of two prominent 
Baptist ministers.^Rev. J. D. Herr, D.D., of New 
York, and Rev. A. J. Bonsall, of Rochester, Pa. 
A daughter is also married to Rev. David AVilliams, 
of Lewisburg, Pa., while a daughter of Dr. AVinter 
is united in marriage to Judge Justin Miller, of the 
Supreme Court of the United States. 

Winter, Thomas, D.D,, son of William and 
Sarah D. Winter, was born in the ancient boi'ough 
of Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England, Feb. 26, 
1798. After attending the best schools which the 
place afforded, he was put to the business of his 
father; was ])aptized May 7, 1815, by Rev. Daniel 
Trotman ; was soon after engaged in labor at the 
village stations of the church until the summer of 
1819, when, with a small company of friends, he 
came to the United States, landing in New York, 
October 19. He proceeded at once to Philadelphia, 
and united with the Sansom Street (Fifth) church. 
He established a school for young ladies at Bur- 
lington, N. J., while Rev. J. II. Kennard was pas- 
tor there ; was invited to settle with the church at 
Lyon's Farms, N. J., and was there ordained. Revs. 
Thomas Brown, of .Scotch Plains, and David Jones, 
then of Newai'k, and others officiating. In the sum- 
mer of 1826 he accepted a call to the church at 
North East, N. Y., where he remained until August, 
1839. He then received a call to the neighboring 
church at Amenia, but declined in fixvor of a call 
from the Roxborough church, Philadelphia, where 
he labored until October, 1863. He then yielded 
to the earnest request of his former charge, and 
returned to North East, N. Y., but was unable to 
remain on account of the climate. He returned to 
Philadelphia, and in 1865 removed his residence 
and membership to Roxborough, where he still 
lives, full of years and honors, amid the homes 
and hearts of those who cherish his former minis- 
trations in grateful remembrance. He received 
the degree of D.D. in 1860 from the university at 
Lewisburg, Pa. He was for many years the secre- 



tary of the Board of Trustees of the Philadelphia 
Baptist Association ; was moderator in 1862, and 
in that year preached the doctrinal sermon on " The 
Government of God." He is a stanch Baptist, and 
an able expounder of Bible doctrines. He is quick 
to detect what he deems heresy, and is vigorous 
and pungent in his defense of the truth. The 
years of his life have been many, his labors have 
been abundant ; he has kept the faith, the crown 
is waiting. 

Winters, A. C, A.M., son of Daniel and Mary 
Winters, was born in Barrington, N. Y., Sept. 20, 
1835. He graduated from' Rochester University 
in 1865. The same year was married to Miss 
Hattie M. Payne, of Hamilton, N. Y. They both 
obtained positions in the public schools in Nash- 
ville, Tenn. Here they remained two years, when 
they went to Europe, and spent two years attend- 
ing lectures, and studying language and history in 
various universities. In 1870 he was elected super- 
intendent of the public schools in Wellsborough, 
Pa. On the opening of Cook Academy, at Havana, 
N. Y., in 1873, he became Professor of Mathematics, 
and in 1875 the principal of the institution, a posi- 
tion which he still holds. Mrs. Winters is teacher 
of German ard French in the academy. 

Wisconsin Baptist State Convention was 

organized at Delavan in .July, 1844. Its object 
was to preach the gospel and plant churches in all 
the Territory of Wisconsin. The ministers present 
at the organization were Rev. Henry Topping, Rev. 
Peter Conrad, Rev. A. B. AVinchell, Rev. Benjamin 
Pierce, Rev. E. M. Underwood, and several others. 
Peter Conrad and A. B. Winchell were its first 
itinerant missionaries. For some time previous to 
this the American Baptist Home Mission Society 
had sustained missionaries in the Territory and 
aided the feeble churches. Rev. A. Miner was at 
this time the general missionary of the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society. At this early day 
there seemed to be wide differences among these 
missionary pioneers in regard to the subject of 
slavery and missionary societies. The American 
Baptist Home Mission Society and the American 
Baptist Missionary Union were supposed to be in 
affiliation with slavery. Unfortunately, these differ- 
ences were made prominent at the very first meet- 
ing of this body. As the result, it perished in the 
midst of unhappy strife at its second anniversary. 
On the 9th of July, 1846, at East Troy, a new 
organization was effected. Among the brethren 
known to be present at this meeting were James 
Delaney, Lewis Raymond, A. Miner, J. W. Fish, 
P. Conrad, Silas Tucker, H. W. Reed, N. Clinton, 
Deacon Wm. H. Byron, and Hon. Charles Burchard. 
The meeting at which the organization was effected 
was held in a grove of oaks in the outskirts of the 
village under the open sky. Deacon William H. 



WISCONSIN 



WISCONSIN 



Byron in fervent prayer committed the object of 
the meeting to the God of missions. Rev. Lewis 
Raymond was elected moderator, and Rev. Peter 
Conrad clerk. Wm. H. Byron was chosen presi- 
dent, and H. W. Reed, of Whitewater, secretary. 
The body thus organized was called " The Wisconsin 
Baptist General Association," and was auxiliary to 
the American Baptist Home Mission Society. 

The work of the Convention has been to foster 
the feeble churches of the State, and plant churches 
in the destitute portions. Its relations with the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society have been 
of the most fraternal character, and for many years 
the two organizations co operated in the missionary 
work of the State. The Convention has made in 
the efforts of thirty-four years, either alone or in 
co-operation with the American Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society, 600 missionary appointments, and 
through the general and local missionaries has 
organized more than 100 churches, and extended 
aid to almost every Baptist church in the State. 
In this work it has expended about $200,000. Its 
missionaries have baptized more than 2000 converts. 
It has fostered the work of the American Baptist 
Missionary Union and that of the American Bap- 
tist Publication Society, and given sympathy to the 
educational work of the State ; and now has its 
outposts along the lines of new railroads and far 
out in the newer portions of the State. The Con- 
vention is now (1880) better prepared for efficient 
work than ever before. Rev. D. E. Ilalteman is the 
president, M. G. Hodge, D.D., president of the 
board, and Rev. A. R. Medbury the efficient super- 
intendent and corresponding secretary. 

Wisconsin, Baptists of.— The first Baptist 
minister who preached the gospel in Wisconsin 
was Rev. James Griffin, who died in Pewaukee in 
1876. He organized the first Baptist church in 
the Territory in Milwaukee in 1837. The city now 
numbering 150,000 inhabitants was then a small 
village. Mr. Griffin was its first pastor. Rev. 
Peter Conrad, then just graduated from Hamilton 
Theological Institution, was settled as pastor in 
1841. Rev. Lewis Raymond was settled in 1843. 
The church, after passing through some vicissi- 
tudes, is now thoroughly establislied, with Dr. M. 
G. Hodge as pastor. There are two other Amer- 
ican Baptist churches in the city, — the Spring 
Street and the South,— also two German churches. 

The second church in the Territory was organ- 
ized l)y Rev. Benjamin Pierce, in 1837, at Roches- 
ter, Racine Co., the organization dating a few 
months later than that of Milwaukee. Rev. Isaac 
T. Ilinton, the first Baptist missionai-y sent by the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society to Chi- 
cago, was present and assisted in the organization. 
The church was disbanded several years ago. 

The third church organized in the Territory was 



the church in Delavan. The place was settled by 
two brothers, — Baptists, — Henry and Samuel Phoe- 
nix, of Perry, N. Y. The first sermon preached 
in the place was by Benjamin Pierce to an audience 
of eleven persons, in the autumn of 1836. The Bap- 
tist church was organized in the autumn of 1839, 
with seventeen members. Rev. Henry Topping 
was the first pastor. During his pastorate of five 
years the church grew from 17 to 139 members. 
The first meeting-house erected in the Territory 
was built by this church in 1840. 

The fourth church organized was that of Prai- 
rieville (now Wau-kesha), in the autumn of 1839, a 
little later than that of Delavan. It was gathered 
and organized by the Rev. Richard Griffin, who 
was its first pastor. Five years after its organiza- 
tion it reported 158 members. Churches were 
soon after organized at Southport, Sheboygan, and 
Lisbon. 

The first Association in the Territory was formed 
at Prairieville in October, 1839, and consisted of 
seven churches, — Rochester, Southport, Milwaukee, 
Delavan, Lisbon, Sheboygan, and Jefferson. The 
name given to the Association was the Wisconsin 
Central. The number of members is not stated in 
the minutes. Rev. Benjamin Pierce was moder- 
ator, and P. M. Ilollister clerk. The only minis- 
ter present at this meeting besides the moderator 
was Rev. Richard Griffin. The next session of the 
Association was held the following year at South- 
port. At the third meeting of this body, held at 
Delavan in 1841, and in the first Baptist meeting- 
house erected in the Territory, thirteen churches 
were reported and eight ministers. In 1843 the 
churches had increased to twenty, and there were 
fourteen ordained ministers, several licentiates, and 
a membership of between 600 and 700. Among 
the ministers pi-esent were Griffin, Topping, Lake, 
' Conrad, Miner, Carr, and Winchell. So rapid was 
the growth of this body that .at its seventh anniver- 
j sary it reported more than thirty churches with 
I settled pastors, and 1500 communicants. 
i Milwaukee Association. — Out of this mother of 
i Associations the Milwaukee Association was organ- 
ized, Sept. 9, 1846, at Sun Prairie. Rev. T. L. 
Pillsbury preached the opening sermon. Rev. 
Peter Conrad was the moderator, and Rev. II. W. 
Read the clerk. Sixteen churches were repre- 
sented, of which twelve reported settled pastors, 
with the regular preaching of the gospel. The 
total membership of the churches was 620. 

Walworth Association.— June 24, 1846, the Wal- 
worth Association was organized at Whitewater. 
Rev. P. W. Lake was the moderator, and Rev. 
Spencer Carr clerk. Rev. J. H. Dudley preached 
the opening sermon. Fourteen churches composed 
the organization. There were ten pastors and a 
total membership of 889. 



WISCOKSIX 



WISCOXSIK 



Racine Association. — Sept. 24, 1846, the Racine 
Association was organized at Racine. Rev. Silas 
Tucker was the moderator, and Charles S. Wright 
clerk. Eight churches, with eight ministers, en- 
tered the Association. A total membership of 414 
was reported. 

The above Associations having lieen formed from 
the churches of the Wisconsin Association, and oc- 
cupying the field of the mother Association, that 
body held its last meeting with the Baptist church 
at Delavan, June 24, 1845. Roswell Cheeney 
preached the introductory sermon. Lewis Ray- 
mond was the moderator, and Ilonry Topping the 
clerk. 

Thus it appears that in eight years after the or- 
ganization of the first Baptist church in the Terri- 
tory there were thirty-sax churches organized, with 
a membership of nearly 2000, and thirty pastors. 

Early Educational Movements. — The first meeting 
for educational purposes in the State w^as held at 
Beloit, Nov. 5 and 6, 1851. Of this meeting Na- 
thaniel Crosby, of Janesville, was chairman, and J. 
W. Fish, of Geneva, was clerk. Among those pres- 
ent were Ichabod Clark, of Rockford, 111. ; Charles 
Hill Roe, D.D., then just arrived from England, 
and afterwards the widely-known pastor of the 
First Baptist church of Belvidere, 111. ; James 
Schofield, the father of Gen. Schofield, of the U. S. 
army, and Dr. James V. Schofield, of St. Louis, 
who was then pastor of the Baptist church in Free- 
port, 111. ; Lewis Raymond, A. J. Joslyn, Prof. 
S. S. Whitman, and James Delaney. Profs. Stone 
and Graves, of Kalamazoo Literary and Theolog- 
ical Institute, Mich., were present, and proposed to 
these brethren in Wisconsin and Northern Illinois 
co-operation with the brethren in Michigan in the 
educational work of the State, by sending students 
to their school at Kalamazoo, and furnishing their 
quota of means for its support. The plan of co- 
operation, after long and mature consideration, was 
not agreed to. Tlie institution at Kalamazoo was, 
however, commended to the churches of the State 
.and to young men seeking theological instruction. 
The following resolutions were adopted : 

I. That this Convention proceed to form an edu- 
cation society, which shall embrace the Baptists of 
the Northwest, and secure, as far as practicable, 
the co-operation of brethren in Northern Illinois, 
Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota. 

II. That a committee be appointed to fix upon 
the location for a literary and theological institu- 
tion ; that that committee be authorized to receive 
propositions from such places as may desire the 
institution, and from a survey of the comparative 
advantages decide, reporting their decision to a 
future meeting of the Education Society, which 
shall confirm or annul it. 

Articles of constitution were adopted, and offi- 



cers and a board of directors elected. Elisha 
Tucker, D.D., was elected president, and Rev. Jirah 
D. Cole, Y).\>., corresponding secretary. Among 
the names of members of the board the following 
appeared : Rev. L. W. Lawrence, Rev. 0. J. Dear- 
born, George IliLskelt, D.D.. and Rev. H. G. Weston, 
then pastor of the First Baptist church in Peoria, 
111. 

The board at once issued an address to the 
churches of the NorthAvest. In giving their rea- 
sons for the establishment of a theological semi- 
nai-y in the Northwest, they named among others 

(1) the great and rapid growth of the Northwest, 

(2) the hundreds of churches destitute of pastors, 

(3) the retention, in the East, of tlie best Western 
men educated in Eastern colleges and seminaries. 

(4) the importance of having the pastors of West- 
ern churches educated in Western institutions, (5) 
and the reflex influence upon the churches them- 
selves. It is believed that this was the first Educa- 
tional Convention of any considerable importance 
held in the Northwest. The design was to estab- 
lish a theological school, centrally located, for the 
States of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa. It origi- 
nated with Wisconsin Baptists, and Beloit was ex- 
pected to be the site of the institution ; and, although 
these hopes were not fully realized, the movement 
inaugurated at this Convention had an important 
bearing in educating public sentiment and prepar- 
ing the way for the establishment of the theologi- 
cal seminary at Chicago fifteen years later. 

Statistics. — There are in the State II English- 
speaking Associations, containing 165 churches, 
with a total membership of 10,206. Of this num- 
ber, 1806 are non-resident members. There are in 
the State 24 foreign-speaking churches, with a 
membership of 1200, and adding the membership 
of unassociated churches, the grand total of Bap- 
tists in Wisconsin is 12,000. But 91 of the 165 
churches have pastors, and of these 91 some have 
the pastor but a part of the time. Many of the 
churches are small and the membership much scat- 
tered. In 1875. according to the State census, the 
population of the State was 1,236,000, giving 23 
inhabitants to the square mile. This population is 
very unequally distributed over the 54,000 square 
miles of territory. The two northern Associations 
— the Central and the St. Croix — extend over more 
than half the ai-ea, and yet contain less than one- 
seventh of the population of the State, they having 
less than 6 inhabitants to the square mile, while 
the rest of the State has an aver.ige of 44 to the 
square mile, — the densest population being in the 
Lake Shore Association, which has 85 inhabitants 
to the square mile. These two Associations — the 
Central and the St. Croix — contain respectively 
14,000 and 16,000 square miles, while the Wal- 
worth Association contains only 700 square miles. 



WISCONSIN- 



WISCONSIN 



In population the Lake Shore Association, with 
330,000 inhabitants, is the largest, and "Walworth, 
with 32,000, the smallest. The total number of 
members of our associated churches is a little less 
than one per cent, of the population, there being 
one Baptist to 108 inhabitants. The smallest pro- 
portion of Baptists is in the Dane Association (one 
to 250 persons), and the largest proportion is in 
the Walworth Association (one to 26), and in the 
Janesville Association (one to 43 persons). Next 
to the Dane the Lake Shore Association has the 
smallest proportion of Baptists (one to 160 per- 
sons). In the city of Milwaukee the Baptists are 
very few, being in proportion of one Baptist to 190 
of population, but the fourteen other cities having 
a population of over 5000 each will average one 
Baptist to 64 inhabitants, showing that we are 
stronger in proportion in the cities than in the 
country. The churches average 63 members. But 
one church in the State reports a membership of 
over 400, — that of Delavan, — and but two churches 
report a membership of 300 and less than 400. The 
churches of Janesville and Racine, and the great 
majority of the 165 churches, have less than 100 
members. 

Sunday-schools. — There are in the State 149 
Sunday-schools, with 1565 officers and teachers, 
and 10,540 scholars, and an average attendance last 
year of 8246. Thirty-two churches are without 
Sunday-schools. There are 22 mission Sunday- 
schools. 

Mission Circles. — There are 61 foreign mission 
circles and 18 mission bands in the State. These 
circles raised last year $1500. Of our 165 churches, 
104 have no circles. The number of home mission 
circles cannot be ascertained, as the work of organ- 
izing them has but just commenced in the State. 

Ministers and Pastors. — There are in the State 
J 97 ordained ministers. Of these, 97 are pastors. 
One hundred of our ordained ministers are without 
fields of labor, although 68 of our churches are 
without pastors, and scores of cities, towns, and 
villages in the State are without Baptist churches. 

Church Property.— The value of the church prop- 
erty is in the aggregate about $500,000. On this 
property there is an indebtedness of $30,000. The 
largest and finest Baptist meeting-house in the 
State is that of the church in Janesville, erected in 
1868, at a cost of $45,000. The First church in 
Milwaukee, First in Oshkosh, Racine, La Crosse, 
and Beloit have good houses of woi-ship. The 
church at Delavan is engaged in building a fine 
house. 

Church Expenses and Benevolence. — The churches 
of the State raised last year for local church ex- 
penses $116,727.34, and for Christian benevolence 
$12,378.67, a grand total of $129,106.01, an average 
for each resident member of $11.73 for local church 



expenses and $1.90 for Christian benevolence, a 
total average of $13.63 per member. 

Comparisons. — How Baptists stand in proportion 
to the population in other States may be ascer- 
tained by a glance at the following table, which 
was prepared by Maj. H. M. Robert, of the U. S. 
army, and published in the minutes of the Wiscon- 
sin State Convention for 1877-78, and I am in- 
debted to his kindness for its use here : 





Population. 

1877. 


Baptists. 


Population to 
1 Baptist. 


Wisconsin 


1,276,000 
30,000,000 
16,700,000 
46,700,000 


12,600 

600,000 

1,400,000 

2,000,000 


101 


Northern States 


50 


United States 


23 







Belgians 


innnn 


Austrians . 10000 








All other foreigners... 


... 11,000 



Foreign Population. — The proportion of foreign- 
ers to Americans is greater in Wisconsin than any 
other State. The proportion of foreigners in the 
Northern States and in the Southern is very dis- 
proportionate, it being nearly five times as great 
in the Northern States as in the Southern States. 
Of the Northern States, the greatest proportion of 
foreigners is in Wisconsin, where it is sixty-four 
per cent., or two-thirds of the entire population. 
The following table will give a clear view of the 
proportion of foreigners to the English-speaking 
population. For a population of 1,236,000 we 
should have the following figures : 

Americans 446,000 

TToreieners I English-speaking, 260,000 I -gy (,„„ 

Foreigners tlToreign-speaking, 540,000/ ^«".""" 

Germans 350,000 ~ " ' 

Norwegians 87,000 

Bohemians 23,000 

Hollanders 13,000 

Swiss 13,000 

Danes 11,000 

Wisconsin has three and one-quarter times as 
many foreigners, or five times as many foreign- 
speaking foreigners, as the average throughout the 
Northern States. Omitting the Border States of 
Maryland and Missouri, Wisconsin has forty times 
as many foreigners to one thousand Americans as 
the Southern States. If Wisconsin were to lose 
550,000 of her foreign population, she would then 
have just her share of foreigners compared with the 
other Northern States. 

These facts must be known in order to understand 
Wisconsin as a mission field. These hundreds of 
thousands of foreigners are here without evangel- 
ical religion, and even without evangelical belief 
Every form of unbelief is industriously at work to 
mould and control these rising communities. 
Romanism, infidelity, and a subtle liberalism are 
uniting their forces in almost superhuman efi"ort 
to shape the foundation of things. There is no 
more important mission field on the American con- 
tinent than Wisconsin, and, unless Christians in 
the older States bestir themselves, these growing 
centres of population and all sorts of power will 



WITT 



WITT 



crystallize into strongholds of Satan. These facts, 
too, will explain the feeble condition and slow 
growth of our churches during the last fifteen 
years. They are planted right in the centres of 
this infidelity, and surrounded by an almost im- 
pregnaljle opposition. 

Witt, Daniel, D.D., was born in Bedford Co., 
Va., Nov. 8, 1801. His parents were both exem- 
plary Christians. His health was quite frail all 
through life, and very few of his friends supposed 
that he could live any great length of time. His 
quickening into a new life began in August, 

1821, during what was at that time called a " Sec- 
tion meeting," held at Hatchers meeting-house. 
Here began that attachment between himself and 
the Rev. Dr. Jeter which continued unbroken 
until Mr. Witt's death. For many weeks he con- 
tinued in deep anguish of spirit ; but on the 21st 
of October, 1821, he was enabled to rejoice in a 
good hope, through grace ; and in December of 
the same year he was baptized. He immediately 
began to take part in the neighborhood prayer- 
meetings and in publicly addressing the impeni- 
tent. His first sermon was preached on Feb. 11, 

1822. and he was licensed April 13 of the same 
year. He soon traveled through the counties of 
Henry, Patrick, Pittsylvania, and Campbell, preach- 
ing continually the gospel, and with marked suc- 
cess. In the winter of 1822-23 he visited Rich- 
mond, and preached to the congregations there 
with great acceptance ; soon after he made an- 
other visit, and formed the acquaintance of some of 
the most prominent ministers of Lower A^irginia, 
among them Rice, Semple, Broadd\is, Baptist, and 
Kerr. On the formation of the General Associa- 
tion in 1823, Dr. Witt and his friend Dr. Jeter 
were'appointed its first missionaries, and the field 
assigned them embraced the counties of Henry, 
Patrick, Montgomery, Grayson, Giles, Wythe, 
Monroe, Greenbrier, Pocahontas, Alleghany, Bath, 
Rockbridge, and Botetourt, throughout the whole 
extent of which there were but a few feeble Bap- 
tist churches, while at the same time there was 
great spiritual darkness, and a bitterly-developing 
anti-missionary spirit. They preached everywhere 
and continually, and were the instruments of doing 
much good. This being rather an exploring trip 
than a permanent missionary engagement, they 
passed into and through the southeastern portions 
of the State, and thence to King and Queen, where 
they were to make their report to the board of the 
General Association at its session in the fall. Mr. 
AVitt remained with Dr. Semple for a few months 
after the meeting of the board, making some prep- 
aration with him for wider usefulness in his work. 
Still acting as missionary, he passed to AVilliams- 
burg, which he made his headquarters, and preached 
with great success both there and in the adjoining 



counties. After the winter of 182.3-24 he returned 
to his home in Bedford, and, still under the direc- 
tion of the board, continued his labors in the Valley 
of Virginia. 

Near the close of the year 1824 he removed to 
Charlotte, to assist the Rev. A. AV. Clopton in his 
interesting field of labor there. The relation thus 
formed was of great benefit to Mr. AVitt, as he en- 
joyed the instructions of one who had received a 
collegiate education, and who owned a larger 

I libr.ary, perhaps, than any other Baptist minister 
in the State, and who at the same time was "a 
diligent student, a sound preacher, an indefatigable 
laborer, and one of the most devotedly pious men.'" 
His preaching here was very attractive, drawing 
large congregations, and, so far as can be learned, 
successful. Here also, in 182.5, he had a severe 
attack of sickness, which brought him almost to 
the grave. After leaving Charlotte he went to 
Prince Edward County, and having organized the 
Sharon church at Sandy River, he became its 
pastor, and continued in that relation, highly 
honored and loved, for forty-five years, until his 
death. During this long period his church was 
blessed with frequent revivals ; large numbers were 
added, not only to his own church, but also to 
others, and it is said that there were very few per- 
sons in the church at any particular time that were 
not converted. Dr. AVitt, while pastor of the 
Sharon church, was also occasionally pastor of other 
churches, such as Jamestown, in Cumberland ; 
Union, in Prince Edward ; and Lebanon, in Notto- 
way. It is thought that he baptized during his 
long career as a minister at least 2.500 persons. In 
all related duties outside the pulpit Dr. AVitt was 
punctual and efficient. In Associational meetings 
he was genial in manner, dignified in bearing, 
weighty in counsel, and ready to perform any ser- 
vice assigned him. Sickness and death, at dif- 
ferent times, in the household which he so much 
loved saddened the latter days of this good man"s 
life, though no more submissive spirit ever mani- 

' fested itself in like circumstances than that which 
characterized the subject of this sketch. He died 
Nov. 15, 1871, in his seventy-first year, full of 

I honoi's, and greatly beloved by all who knew him. 

1 As a man, his most intimate friend has said' that 

1 he, " of all the active men whom he had known, 

j was the most faultless:' He was marked for his 

I genuine humility. He was very disinterested. 
His piety was beautiful and attractive. As a 
preacher, he could have no higher encomium than 
this, •' His sermons were full of Christ. He 

! preached him first, him last, him all the time. 

i AVith AVitt the theme never grew old, never lost 
its interest or its power, and was never exhausted. 
To the last day of his life he could find something 

! new to preach about Christ." 



WITT 



WO MACK 



Witt, Jesse, was born in Virginia. After his 
conversion he preached with marked success in 
churches in the region between Petersburg and 
Lynchburg ; removed to Texas about 1851 ; la- 
bored in Eastern Texas with great ability and sig- 
nal success. In natural force he w^as in no respect 
inferior to his brother, Daniel Witt, the early com- 
panion and life-long friend of Jeremiah B. Jeter. 
lie rarely failed to produce a profound impression 
by his perspicuous, earnest, and fervent preaching. 
He died when about fifty years of :ige, a short time 
before the civil war. 

Wolfe, Hon. C. S., was born at Lewisburg, Pa., 
April 6, 1845. He graduated at the university at 
Lewisburg in 1866, and in Harvard Law-School in 
July, 1868. He was admitted to Union County 
bar at the September term of 1868. He was a 
member of the Lewisburg school board from 1871 
to 1873. He has been a member of the Pennsyl- 
vania house of representatives since 1873. 

Jlr. Wolfe is one of the most talented young men 
in the State. He is a power in the Legislature. 
His integrity, his indignation against corruption, 
his fearless courage, his ready use of weighty ar- 
guments, have given him a remarkable prominence 
in a body where there are many men of ability and 
of mature years. His constituents admire him, and 
the enemies of corruption in State affairs applaud 
him. The people of his State regard him as one 
whose name and influence will not be long confined 
to Pennsylvania. 

Mr. Wolfe is an honored member of the Baptist 
church of Lewisburg, and since 1875 a member of 
the board of trustees of the university at that 
place. 

Wolverton, E.ev. John, was born about 1775, 
of New Jersey parentage. But little is known of 
his earlier life. We find him as a licentiate in 
the Shamokin Baptist church. Pa., in 1807 ; he was 
ordained in 1811. He died May 20, 1822. He 
served the church with much acceptance and use- 
fulness for fifteen years. 

Womack, B. R., D.D., was born Dec. 23, 1846. 
His parents were Abner C. Womack and Isabella 
Blackburn Patton. His birthplace was near Belle- 
fonte, Jackson Co., Ala. In eai-ly life he was a'great 
reader of all sorts of books, and especially of the 
New Testament. The Saviour found him and re- 
vealed his love in his heart, after which he was 
baptized, in 1865, at Kyle's Spring, Jack.son Co., 
Ala., where service was sustained by an " arm" of 
Friendship Baptist church. Soon after he began to 
pray and speak in public, when a revival descended 
from the throne of the heavenly grace and scores 
of his irreligious friends were converted to God, 
and a church was organized at Kyle's Springs, 
which he named Bethel. 

Determined to secure an education, of which he 



had a very exalted opinion, and to the acquisition 
of which he was greatly encouraged by the words 
in Webster's old spelling-book, " Assiduous study 
will accomplish anything within human power,' 




B. R. WOMACK, U.D. 

lie entered Union University, Murfreesborough. 
Tenn., in 1868, where he remained fnur years, de- 
livering the valedictory in 1872. He declined a 
pi-ofessorship in Latin which was offered to him. 
He entered the Southern Baptist Theological Semi- 
nary the same year, and remained in it three ses- 
sions, and graduated in all the schools except one. 
He then entered the theological seminary at Chi- 
cago, and graduated as a post-graduate in 1875-76, 
giving his whole time to ecclesiastical history and 
philosophy. This last period of stndy he regarded 
as the most profitable of his life. 

He accepted the pastorate of the Broad Street 
church of Augusta, Ga., where he labored eighteen 
months. In October, 1877, he took charge of the 
First Baptist church of Memphis, Tenn., but, 
through failing health, resigned in December, 1879. 
and became editor of the Bajytist Refiector, of Nash- 
ville, Tenn., in connection with the Rev. J. B. 
Cheves. The paper at the time was in a very low 
condition, but it speedily received new life, and 
became a power in Tennessee. 

Mr. Womack early in this year yielded to the 
urgent request of the Baptists of Arkansas to take 
charge of the Arkansas Evangel, with Rev. J. B. 
Searcy as associate editor, in Southeastern Arkansas. 
The paper is succeeding admirably. He has recently 
the degi'ee of Doctor of Divinity. 



WOMAN'S 



1269 



Dr. Womack is endowed with a tine intellect, 
superior attainments, great piety, and enduring 
perseverance. If his life is spared he will perform 
effective service for the Saviour and for the Baptist 
denomination which he instituted, and of which 
he was the head. 

Woman's Baptist (Foreign) Missionary So-, 
ciety. — The formation of women into separate or- 
ganizations for the promotion of the cause of for- 
eign missions is a thing of comparatively recent 
date. The leading evangelical denominations in 
this country have such women's societies in con- 
nection with their general missionary societies. 
Many earnest workers among the women of the 
Baptist churches felt, as far back as 1800 and 1870, 
that the time had come for them to organize such 
societies. In January, 1871, there came from Mrs. 
Carpenter, of the Bassein Mission, a most touching 
appeal for the formation of women's societies, which 
should be auxiliary to the Missionary Union. The 
first movement towards an answer to this appeal 
was nmde in Newton Centre by the meeting to- 
gether of eleven ladies, members of tiie church in 
that place, on the 28th of February', 1871, to consult 
together about what could be done more effectually 
to reach heathen women through schools and Chris- 
tian training. At the meeting a beginning was 
made by choosing officers, drafting a constitution, 
and pi-eparing a circular to be presented to the 
churches, to interest the female members in the 
work of missions. A meeting of about 200 ladies 
was held at the Clarendon Street church, Boston, 
on the 3d of April, 1871, and the Woman's Baptist 
Missionary Society was formally organized, the 
purpose being distinctly avowed that it was to be 
auxiliary to the Union. The compensation of the 
female missionaries appointed by the society and 
the distribution of funds raised are left with the 
parent society. The amount raised during the first 
seven years of the existence of the society has been 
§193,448.92. The field of the home operations of 
the society is the New England and Middle States 
and the District of Colu-mbia. The following mis- 
sionaries have been appointed by the Union at the 
suggestion of the society, and their support has 
come from its treasurj" : Miss Kate F. Evans, Miss 
Cornelia H. Rand. The four following were al- 
ready on the foreign field : Misses Ilaswell, Gage, 
Watson, and Adams. These ladies were the ob- 
jects of the society's special care the first year of 
its existence. Miss Sarah B. Barrows was sent out 
the second year, and the support of Mrs. M. C. 
Douglass was assumed by the society. Two ladies 
were sent out the third year, — Miss Lawrence and 
Mrs. -J. J. Longley. Misses Manning, Walling, and 
Stetson received appointments in the fourth year, 
and Miss Chace, Mrs. Estabrooks, Miss Sands, and 
Miss Kidder in the fifth year. Two appointments 



were made the sixth year, — Miss Sheldon and Miss 
Payne; and Misses Bromley, McAllister, Rathbun, 
and Day the last year. Some other female mis- 
sionaries in the foreign field have also received aid 
from this society. During the last year Misses 
Batson and Russell were sent out. It has been 
felt that it is the special work of the society to look 
after the education of females. It labors in entire 
harmony with the Missionary Union, and is its 
most valuable and reliable helper. The society 
was incorporated by the Legislature of Massachu- 
setts in October, 1874. Its present officers are Mrs. 
Gardner Colby, President; Mrs. J. N. Murdoch, 
Vice-President; Miss S. C. Durfee, Clerk; Mrs. 
Alvah Hovey, Corresponding Secretary ; Miss Mary 
E. Clarke, Treasurer and Assistant Corresponding 
Secretary. The receipts for 1880 were S46,178.32. 

Woman's Baptist Missionary Society of the 
West. — The idea of a Baptist woman's organiza- 
tion, to co-operate with the Missionary Union in 
carrying the gospel, especially to heathen women, 
seems to have first been discussed in the West, at 
a farewell service held in Chicago in August, 1870, 
on the occasion of the departure of one of the mis- 
sionaries of the Union to the field of his labor in 
Assam. The idea ripened into the formation of 
"The AVoman's Baptist Missionary Society of the 
West" on the 9th of May, 1871, with Mrs. Robert 
Harris as President; Mrs. C. N. Ilolden, Vice- 
President ; Mrs. C. F. Tolman, Corresponding 
Secretary ; Mrs. A. M. Bacon, Recording Secre- 
tary ; Mrs. S. M. Osgood, Treasurer ; and an ex- 
ecutive bojird of ladies chosen from different 
churches. The two societies, the one in the East 
and the other in the West, were formed within a 
few weeks of each other. They both announced 
the same object to be accomplished, and both are 
auxiliary to the Missionary Union, making the 
eastern boundary of the Ohio the dividing line be- 
tween the two. The first lady who volunteered to 
go out under the auspices of the new society Avas 
Miss A. L. Stevens, of Wisconsin, who sailed for 
Burmah in November, 1871, and in a few weeks 
she was followed by Miss L. Peabody, of Vii'den, 
111. The first year's report showed that the treas- 
urer had received 84244.69: that 131 auxiliary 
societies had been formed, and 30 life-members 
been made. The second year the income had in- 
creased to §6390.88. There were 247 auxiliary 
societies, 81 life-members, 6 missionaries, and 4 
Bible women. The work of the Western Woman's 
Missionary Society has been from the beginning 
fruitful in the best results. Auxiliary societies 
have been formed all over the West. The income 
for last year (1880) was 819,386.11. 

Women's Baptist Home Mission Society was 
organized at Chicago, Feb. 1, 1877, its object being 
the promotion of Christian evangelism in the 



WOOD 



1270 



WOOD 



homes of the freed people, the Indians, and the 
foreign population. Its principal officers at the 
first organization were: President, Mrs. J. N. 
Grouse, Chicago; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. E. Bacon, 
Springfield, 111., Mrs. C. B. Blackall, Chicago; 
Recording Secretary, Miss Lizzie Goodman, Clii- 
cago ; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. C. Swift, 
Chicago ; Treasurer, Miss Olivia Bryant, Chicago ; 
Editor, Mrs. J. A. Smith. The fields at present 
occupied by the society are New Orleans, La., 
Newbern, N. C, Beaufort, S. C, Columbia, S. C, 
Richmond, Va., Raleigh, N. C, Live Oak, Fla., 
Selma, Ala., the Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Semi- 
nole nations in Indian Territory, with missions 
among [the Scandinavians in Illinois and Min- 
nesota. The' receipts in money during the first 
year amounted to $4089.85; in goods, $2618.81. 
During the year 1879-80 the amounts were, re- 
spectively, cash, 19089.16; goods, $2551.81. The 
present officers are: President, Mrs. Crouse, with 
eighteen Vice-Presidents, in as many different 
States: Recording Secretary, Mrs. Wm. Mathews, 
Chicago ; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Swift ; 
Treasurer, Mrs. R. R. Donnelly. There is, besides. 
an executive board of eight Iftdies residing in 
Chicago, Mrs. J. S. Dickerson being chairman. 

Wood, Rev. Jesse M., was born in Elbert Co., 
Ga., Oct. 14, 1815. His parents are of English de- 
scent, and came to Georgia from Virginia. They 
removed to Monroe County in 1835, where Jesse 
M. Wood received in early life the best educational 
advantages the county afforded. He entered Mer- 
cer University at Penfield, where he stood at the 
head of his classes while in the institution. He 
did not graduate on account of ill health. He re- 
ceived, however, a certificate of scholarship and 
moral standing. The degree of A.M. was bestowed 
on him by the trustees in the year 1842. After 
leaving Penfield he began to teach at Knoxville, in 
the academy at that place, but at the end of two 
and a half years was compelled to cease by failing 
health. 

In 1839 he was hopefully converted, joined the 
church at Forsyth, and was licensed to preach. In 
1843 he was ordained at the same place, and in a 
short time was actively engaged in ministerial 
labor, serving various churches in Middle and 
Southwestern Georgia until 1849, when he took 
up his residence at Cedar Town, Polk Co., and, 
besides taking charge of the church there, opened 
a high school for young ladies. This school was 
very prosperous, and developed into the Woodland 
Female College, and was placed first under the 
care of the Coosa Association, which bought the 
buildings from Mr. Wood, and then under the 
care of the Cherokee Baptist Convention. 

Under Mr. Wood's pastorate the Cedar Town 
church was wondrously prosperous, four other 



churches being formed from it, and yet it still 
maintained a membership of several hundred. 

Under such an accumulation of labors it is not 
wonderful that his health bi-oke down completely, 
and that he was forced to suspend all labor and 
repair to the mountains of Virginia to recuperate 
in 1856. He continued with the Cedar Town church 
until 1860. In the mean time he had aided in the 
formation of the Chei-okee Baptist Convention, and 
had assisted in establishing and building up the 
Cherokee Baptist College and the Banner and Bap- 
tist, of which, for several years, he was an editor. 

The casualties of war left him with few or no re- 
sources when peace was restored, and he was com- 
pelled to rely for a support upon his ministerial 
labors. In 1870 he again entered upon an editorial 
life by taking an interest in the Baptist Banner, 
published at Gumming, Ga. 

Rev. Jesse M. Wood is a man of strong charac- 
ter, with strong likes and dislikes. With great 
natural courage, he possesses a large amount of 
caution, which makes him reserved, and sometimes 
hesitating. He is a pious and faithful Christian ; 
a man of strong convictions on all religious ques- 
tions, and bold in their avowal. As a preacher, 
he is logical, eloquent, and effective, sometimes 
powerful. He has always been a strong advocate 
of missions and education, and at heart is a regu- 
lar missionary Baptist, in full accord with the pre- 
vailing sentiments of the Georgia Baptists, but 
with views of his own on some points of mere 
management. His influence has been considerable 
in the denomination, and he has sought to use it, 
to the best of his judgment, for the advancement 
of Christ's cause. 

Wood, Rev. Nathan, pastor of the Baptist 
church in Wyocena, Wis. A native of Rensselaer 
Co., N. Y., where he was born Aug. 6, 1807 ; passed 
his early childhood on his father's fiirm, in Augusta, 
Oneida Co., N. Y. He was converted in 1831, and 
baptized into the fellowship of the Baptist church 
in Augusta by Rev. P. P. Brown. Soon after his 
conversion he felt that God had called him to 
preach the gospel ; but he resisted his convictions 
for several years, intending to give himself to bus- 
iness pursuits. In 1835 the question of his call to 
the ministry being so plain that he could not evade 
the duty without sinning against the clearest light, 
he entered Madison University, and graduated in 
1839. In September of the same year he entered 
Hamilton Theological Seminary, and graduated in 
1841. Before graduating from the seminary he 
received a call to the pastorate of the Baptist 
church in Georgetown, Madison Co., N. Y., w^hich 
he accepted, and was ordained by this church Sept. 
2, 1841. Here he remained five years. In 1846 
he received and accepted a call to the Baptist church 
in Versailles, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. In 1847 he 



WOOD 



1271 



WO 01) BURN 



came to Wyocena, Wis., and preached the first ser- 
mon ever delivered in the town. In September, 
1848, he received and accepted a call to the pastor- 
ate of the Baptist church in Forestville, N. Y., and 
continued in this relation five years. In the au- 
tumn of 1853 he returned to Wyocena, Wis., and 
took charge of the Baptist church which had been 
formed in his absence. Havin^^ received a call 
from the church in Baraboo, Wis., he removed to 
that field in 1857, returning to AVyocena three 
years afterwards to resume his pastorate with that 
church, which continues to this day. 

Mr. Wood's ministiy has been attended with 
powerful revivals of religion. During iiis pastor- 
ate of three years at Baraboo he added over 100 to 
the church by baptism. Similar results, in a 
greater or less degree, have attended all his settle- 
ments. His aid to pastors in seasons of special 
religious interest has been invaluable and widely 
sought. His son. Prof. N. E. Wood, is the able 
principal of Wayland Academy. 

Wood, Nathaniel Milton, D.D., was born in 
Camden, Me., May 24, 1822. He prepared for 
college in his native town ; entered Waterville Col- 
lege in 1840, and graduated in 1844. He spent a 
year as tutor in the family of Gen. Browning, of 
Columbus, Miss. He became a student in the 
Western Theological Institute, where he had as 
teachers Rev. Drs. Pattison and E. G. Robinson. 
He was ordained as pastor of the Baptist church 
in Skowhegan, Me., and remained there until Jan. 
1, 1852, when he removed to Waterville, where he 
labored for eight years as pastor of the First Bap- 
tist church. For the next six years he was pastor 
at Lewiston, and then, for nearly two years, he was 
at Thomaston. From Maine he removed, in May, 
1868, to Upper Alton, 111., where he was pastor of 
the church until March, 1872, at which time he was 
elected Professor of Systematic Theology in Shurt- 
leff College. He had, for two years, given instruc- 
tion in this department. At length his health 
failed him. He resigned his position, returned 
East, lived for a time in South Boston, preaching 
as opportunity presented, but growing weaker all 
the time, until he was forced to lay aside all minis- 
terial work. He went back to his early home, 
where he was confined but a few weeks, and died 
Aug. 2, 1876. 

Dr. Wood was successful as a minister of the 
gospel. "He was a strong, clear, and logical 
thinker and writer, and as a preacher was earnest, 
pungent, and convincing. Few hearers, intellectu- 
ally well endowed or trained, failed to appreciate 
him as a sermonizer of great power." His own 
college conferred on him the degree of Doctor of 
Divinity in 1867. He was a member of the board 
-of trustees of Colby University from 1862 to 1869, 
and of Shurtleff College from 1868 to 1874. 



Wood, Prof. N. E., M.A., the principal of 
Wayland Academy, was born in Forestville, N. Y. 
His father is Rev. Nathan Wood, pastor of the 
Baptist church in Wyocena, Wis., one of the early 
pioneer Baptist ministers of the State. When 
four years of age, his father removed from the 
State of New York to Wyocena, Wis., where he 
passed his boyhood. At an early period in life 
he obtained a hope in Christ and united with 
the Baptist chui-ch of which his father was pastor. 
He completed his preparatory course of study at 
Wayland Academy. He entered the University 
of Chicago in 1868, and graduated with honor in 
the class of 1872. He pursued his theological 
studies at the Baptist Union Theological Seminary 
of Chicago, completing the full course, and gradu- 
ating in 1875. He was ordained to the woi'k of 
the ministry in September of the same year. 
Having offers to settle in well-established and 
prominent churches, Mr. Wood declined them, 
and began his ministry with a small Baptist mis- 
sion in Chicago which had been under the fostering 
care of the Second Baptist church. Out of this 
mission he organized the Centennial Baptist church. 
During his pastorate of two years he received 200 
persons into membership in the church, and the 
Sunday-school grew to 400. He secured the erec- 
tion of a house of worship for the church at a cost 
of $13,000. On the foundation he thus laid in 
self denial and prayer has grown one of the most 
prosperous churches in Chicago. In 1877, Mr. 
Wood resigned his highly-successful pastorate in 
Chicago to accept the position of principal of Way- 
land Academy, which had been tendered him by 
the board of trustees, and which he now holds. 
Mr. Wood had long cherished the desii-e to teach, 
believing that, next to the work of the ministry. 
Christian education was of the highest importance. 
June 27, 1873, Mr. Wood was married to Miss Al- 
ice Robinson Boise, daughter of Dr. J. R. Boise, 
the eminent Greek scholar, now a professor in the 
Chicago Theological Seminary, a lady of the high- 
est cultui-e, and an accomplished teacher of the 
Greek and modern languages. All her tastes and 
acquirements led her to the class-room and the 
profession of teaching. Doubtless his marriage 
with Miss Boise, combined with his own admirable 
qualifications for the work, led Mr. Wood to devote 
himself to the work of higher Christian education. 
Prof. Wood, while engaged in teaching, has not 
abandoned the ministry. He preaches frequently, 
with constantly-growing power. lie is among the 
ablest preachers in the State, and as an educator 
has taken a high position. The institution over 
which he presides is pre-eminently Christian in 
its character, and the education imparted is most 
thorough. 

Woodburn, B. F., D.D., was born March 23. 



WOOD BURN 



WOODLAND 



1832, in Crescent township, Alleghany Co., Pa. 
His grandparents emigrated from the north of 
Ireland, and his father settled fifteen miles below 
Pittsburgh about the time of Gen. Anthony Wayne's 




li. ¥. WOODBURN, D.D. 

expedition. A block-honse on the opposite bank 
was then occupied by sixteen men to guard the 
settlers from Indian incursions. 'J'he son having 
received an English education, became in early life 
captain of various steamers plying on the Ohio, 
Mississippi, Arkansas, and Cumberland Rivers. 
From his earliest recollections he had occasional 
serious thoughts. These became more constant in 
tlie year 1857, and eventually brought him to a 
saving knowledge of Christ. On Jan. 10, 1858, he 
united with the Presbyterian Church, under the 
shado-w of which be had grown up, and which was 
tlie home of his kindred. After a mental struggle he 
determined to prepare for the ministry, and entered 
Jefferson College in the Freshman year. Among 
fifty graduates he was awarded the first honor, and 
delivered the valedictory. Soon after uniting with 
the Presbyterian Church he had his infant daughter 
baptized; but while in college, when, according to 
tlie rules of the church, duty required the presen- 
tation of his second child for baptism, his mind 
became exei-cised on this point, and after reading, 
reflecting, and praying, he was surprised to find 
that the "Word of God shed no light on the relation 
of baptized inftxnts to the church. His child was 
not baptized. By degrees the truth of our principles 
became clear to his mind, and two years before his 
graduation he was in heart a Baptist ; but there 



being no Baptist church in Canonsburg he did not 
unite with the Baptists until he was baptized by 
Rev. A. K. Bell, D.D., May 11, 1862, having then 
removed to Alleghany City. 

After this important event he entered the West- 
ern Theological Seminary in Alleghany, receiving 
nothing but kindness from the Presbyterian pro- 
fessors, notwithstanding his known change of views. 
In 1865 he graduated, and in September was or- 
dained pastor of the Mount Pleasant Baptist church. 
In this relation he continued four years, and then 
accepted the call of the Sandusky Street Baptist 
church, Alleghany City, maSe vacant by the resig- 
nation of Dr. Bell. This relation still continues, 
to the edification and comfort of the church and to 
its general prosperity. Lewisburg at its commence- 
ment in 1 88 r conferred the degree of Doctor of 
Divinity on Mr. Woodburn. Dr. AVoodburn is 
•imong the strong men of the Baptists in Penn- 
sylvania. 

Woodfin, A. B., D.D., now pastor of the First 
thurch of Montgomery, Ala., is one of tlie most 
amiable and successful Baptist ministers in the 
South. He was born in Richmond, Va., and edu-" 
cated at Richmond College. He studied divinity 
at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. In 
October, 1862, he was ordained to the ministry, and 
took chai-ge of Muddy Creek church, Powhatan 
Co., Va., one of the oldest and best country churches 
in the State. He resigned his charge in 1864, and 
became a chaplain in Gordon's Georgia Brigade. 
On the return of peace he settled in the valley of 
Virginia as pastor of two churches, to both of 
which large accessions were made during his min- 
istry. In December, 1868, he took cliarge of the 
St. Francis Street church, Mobile, where he labored 
five and a half years, during which 225 were added 
to the church, and the house was enlarged and im- 
proved at a cost of more than $30,000, by which it 
was rendered one of the most comfortable and 
beautiful church edifices in the South. Subse- 
quently he was settled in Columbia, S. C, Avhere 
his ministry was a great blessing. And in Mont- 
gomery, Ala., his present pastorate, he is justly 
esteemed as a man of fine endowments and abilities. 
He is a superior scholar, a diligent student, a good 
pastor, one of the best of preachers, and a devoted 
Christian. His people love him. 

Woodland Female College. — ^This institution 
was opened as a high school by Rev. J. M. AVood, 
in 1851, at Cedar Town, Polk Co., Ga., under the 
name of the " Cedar Town Female High School," 
and was chartered in 1853, Rev. J. M.Wood being 
the first president. Tlie property was bought by 
the Coosa Baptist Association, and afterwards 
placed under the auspices of the Cherokee Bap- 
tist Convention. As professors in the literary de- 
partment it had J. D. Collins, Dr. W. B. Crawford, 



WOODRUFF 



1273 



WOODS 



and J. A. Arnold. Shortly before the war Rev. 
J. M. Wood was succeeded in the presidency by 
Dr. William B. Crawford, who resigned previous 
to the war. The calamities of war extinguished 
this institution, which for years was very success- 
ful, and educated a large number of young ladies. 
It maintained a regular corps of instructors, and 
was beautifully located. 

Woodruff, Capt. A. B., was born in Spartan- 
burg District, S. C, in 1825. He was baptized at 
an early age, and has been clerk, treasurer, and 
deacon of the only church of which he has ever 
been a member. lie was chiefly instrumental in 
organizing the Spartanburg Association three or 
four years ago, and has been clerk ever since, as he 
long was of the old Tyger River. He has served 
two terms of two years each in the State Legislature. 
He is one of the most accurate of business men. 
He is a natural mechanic, and can make almost 
anything in wood, iron, silver, or gold. He has 
been and is a great blessing to his section, being 
one of the most liberal and progressive of citizens. 
His hand, voice, pen, and pui-se are alvuays ready 
for the public service. As a speaker in political 
or Sunday-school work, in the latter of which he 
ever shows a special and practical interest, he is at 
once graceful and forcible. 

Woods, Rev. Abel, was born in Princeton, 
Mass., Aug. 15, 1765, of parents who were worthy 
members of the Congregational church in that 
place. He became a subject of converting grace in 
1783, and after prayerful deliberation concluded to 
enter the Christian ministry. His views having 
changed on, the mode and subjects of Christian 
baptism, he was baptized and admitted into the 
Baptist church in Leicester, Mass. He supplied 
the palpits of churches in his immediate neighbor- 
hood for a few years, and then was ordained pastor 
of the church in Shoreham, Vt., which had been 
formed from converts whom he led to the Saviour 
in that place. The ordination took place in Feb- 
ruary, 1795. 

For fifteen yeai-s Mr. Woods remained pastor of 
the church in Shoreham, and had the satisfaction 
of witnessing three revivals during this period, and 
the church greatly strengthened under his minis- 
try. After a year's service for the Vermont IMis- 
sionary Society, he acted as the pastor of several 
churches in Vermont, his term of service not being 
very long with any one of them, but a special bless- 
ing following his labors wherever he preached. 
The home of his declining days was in Hamilton, 
N. Y., where he died Aug. 11, 1850. Mr. Woods 
was the father of Rev. Dr. Alva Woods, of Provi- 
dence, and of the wife of Rev. Dr. R. E. Pattison. 
He was also the brother of Rev. Dr. Leonard 
Woods, of Andover. 

Woods, Alva, D.D., was born at Shoreham, 
81 



Vt., Aug. 13, 1794, his father. Rev. Abel Woods, 
being the pastor of the Baptist church in that place. 
He was fitted for college at the Phillips Academy 
in Andover, and graduated at Harvard College in 




ALVA WOODS, D.D. 

1817. He pursued his theological studies at the 
seminary in Andover, where he graduated in 1821. 
On leaving Andover he was chosen Professor of 
Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Columbian 
College, Washington, D. C, and held the office three 
years, one of which was spent in Europe. In 1824 
he was elected Professor of Mathematics and Nat- 
ural Philosophy in Brown University. He held this 
chair until 1828, Avhen he was elected president of 
Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., and re- 
mained in office until 1831, when he removed to 
Tuscaloosa to take the presidential chair of the 
University of Alabama. He remained in this po- 
sition until 1837. Since 1839 he has resided in 
Providence, 11. I. As a trustee and Fellow of 
Brown University and of the Newton Theological 
Institution, Dr. Woods lias shown his interest in 
the cause of education, to which he has devoted so 
many years of his life. Five scholarships in the 
former and a lectureship on elocution in the latter 
attest the sincerity of this interest. The honorary 
degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon 
Dr. Woods by Brown University in 1828. 

Woods, Rev. Byron R., was born in Jersey, 
Licking Co., 0., April 4, 1851 ; graduated at Madi- 
son University, N. Y., in 1873 ; graduated at Hamil- 
ton Theological Seminary, N. Y., in 1875 ; ordained 
and settled as pastor of First Baptist church in 



WOODS 



1274 



WOOD SMALL 



New London, Conn., July 1, 1875 ; has two broth- 
ers who are also ministers ; he is an able minister 
of Christ. 

Woods, Rev. E. A., A.M., was born in Homer, 
Licking Co., 0. In early life he gave his heart 
and service to the Saviour, and entered at once 
upon a course of study preparatory to the Chris- 
tian ministry. 

After suitable academic training he entered 
Denison University in 1859, and after spending 
two years there entered the Junior class in Madi- 
son University, from which he graduated in 1863. 

Eager for the work to which he had solemnly 
consecrated his life, and resolved to have the best 
possible mental and spii-itual outfit for it, he en- 
tered at once upon a course of study in the Hamil- 
ton Theological Institution, from which he gradu- 
ated in 1865. 

He was ordained the same year at Little Falls, 
N. Y., but was soon after called to Flemington, 
N. J., where he had a prosperous pastorate of about 
five years. In the mean time a beautiful house of 
worship was built, and the church enlarged and 
strengthened. In 1871 he was called to the pastor- 
ate of the First Baptist church, Saratoga Springs, 
where he labored successfully for nearly five years. 

In 1876 he received an urgent call to the Stew- 
art Street church, Providence, R. I., where for 
four years he took rank with the ablest preachers 
of the city, and was very highly esteemed by a 
large circle of literary and Christian friends. His 
decision to leave Providence was received with 
wide-spread regret, but the order of a Higher 
Providence seemed imperative, and he must obey. 
In 1880 he became pastor of the First church, Pat- 
erson, N. J., where he now labors with large hopes 
of future usefulness. 

Mr. Woods is a thorough scholar and a sound 
theologian. As a writer, he is luminous and vig- 
orous ; as a preacher, eminently Biblical and evan- 
gelical ; as a pastor, judicious and sympathetic ; 
as a friend, true-hearted and generous. He is 
strongly attached to the doctrines and polity of his 
own denomination, and labors earnestly to pro- 
mote its interests, but cherishes the most kindly 
and fraternal feelings towards the followers of 
Christ of every name. Mr. Woods takes a deep 
interest in the great missionary and educational 
movements of the day, and the cause of humanity 
everywhere finds in him warm sympathy and gen- 
erous support. 

He has two brothers in the Baptist ministry, 
both of whom have already, though young, distin- 
guished themselves as able ministers of the New 
Testament, — Rev. H. C. Woods, A.M., pastor of 
the First church, Minneapolis, Minn., and Rev. B. 
A. Woods, A.M., pastor of the First Baptist church, 
New London, Conn. 



Woods, Rev, H. C, was bom of Baptist parent- 
age in Homer township. Licking Co., 0., July 11, 
1842 ; was converted to Christ when about fifteen 
years of age ; was baptized by Rev. David Adams 
into the fellowship of the Baptist church of Jer- 
sey, 0. 

Very soon after his conversion the duty of 
preaching the gospel was deeply impressed upon 
his mind. After preparing for college, he spent 
the Freshman year at Denison University, Gran- 
ville, 0. The Sophomore year he entered Madison 
University, N. Y., graduating from college in 1865, 
and from the theological seminary in 1867. 

He was ordained pastor of the Baptist church at 
Fayetteville, N. Y., Sept. 26, 1867. His labors in 
his first field were accompanied by the divine bless- 
ing in conversions, and in other ways strengthen- 
ing the church. In consequence of failing health, 
he resigned the pastorate in the spring of 1872. 
He spent about one year regaining his health in 
Colorado. In March, 1873, he accepted the call 
of the Baptist church of Greeley, Col. He labored 
in this field one year and a half, and was greatly 
prospered in his work. In October, 1874, he ac- 
cepted the call of the First Baptist church of Min- 
neapolis, Minn., and entered upon his labors Nov. 
1, 1874. His pastorate with this church still con- 
tinues (1880), and his labors have been greatly 
blessed, the church having more than doubled its 
membership under his ministrations. His excel- 
lent wife died Feb. 28, 1876. His second marriage 
was to Miss Mary A. Eaton, the youngest daughter 
of the late G. W. Eaton, D.D., of Hamilton, N. Y. 
He was married July 11, 1878. As a preacher and 
pastor his position has been an honorable one with 
the churches he has served. In all the benevolent 
work of the denomination, at home and abroad, he 
has borne an active part. 

Woodsmall, Rev. Harrison, president of the 

Alabama Baptist Normal and Theological School 
for colored people, at Selma, Ala., was born in 
Owen Co., Ind., June 9, 1841. His parents, Jef- 
ferson H. Woodsmall and Malvina Wilhite, were 
Virginians, and brought him up on a farm, send- 
ing him to country schools in the fall and winter 
months. At sixteen years of age he entered the 
State University, where he i-emained a student 
until the civil war broke out, when he enlisted, in 
June, 1861, in the 14th Indiana Regiment. He 
served in Virginia, and was wounded at the battle of 
Antietam. Afterwards he rose to be first a captain, 
and then a major, in the 115th Indiana Regiment. 
He was converted and baptized in 1863, when at 
home on a furlough, after being wounded, and 
joined Little Mount Baptist church. While in 
the army .he managed to study law, and at the 
return of peace he attended a law-school at Ann 
Arbor, Mich., afterwards practising the profession 



WOODWARD 



1275 



WOOL SET 



in Indiana for about six years. During those years 
he took an active part in Sunday-school and tem- 
perance work, and also in politics. Convictions 
that it was his duty to enter the ministry were 
gradually ripening in his mind, and though he re- 
moved to St. Paul, Minn., and engaged in the 
practice of the law, he could not shake off these 
impressions. They deepened while he was attend- 
ing the State Convention at Mankato, and, after a 
week's decisive struggle, on bended knee, with the 
Bible alone for the man of his counsel, he threw 
up the law and returned to Indiana, resolved to 
give himself to such work as the Lord might direct. 
After spending some months in voluntary labor 
among the colored people of Indiana, he deter- 
mined to enter the Southern Baptist Theological 
Seminary for a course of preparatory study. He 
went to Greenville in 1872, and remained until the 
aummer of 1873, when he began work among the 
colored people of Georgia, as an appointee of the 
Sunday-School Board of the Georgia Baptist Con- 
vention. While laboring in this field he was mar- 
ried to Miss Mary E. Howes, of Macon, Dec. 29, 
1873. The following year he accepted an appoint- 
ment under the American Baptist Publication So- 
ciety, and labored among the colored people in 
Georgia for six months. He nest employed him- 
self as an evangelist for the Home Mission So- 
ciety, holding ministers' institutes in Georgia, Ala- 
bama, Tennessee, and Kentucky until some time in 
1877. In such work he is an adept, and fully com- 
prehends the wants of the colored ministers, and 
knows how to meet those wants. His efforts were 
very successful while thus engaged. 

In January, 1878, he took charge of the Ala- 
bama Baptist Normal and Theological School, 
under the management of the colored Baptists of 
Alabama. It was opened by Mr. and Mrs. Wood- 
small in a Baptist church in Selma. Grounds (36 
acres) and temporary buildings were contracted 
for. Mrs. Woodsmall at once turned to Indiana 
for a teacher and her support. Miss Emma E. 
Jordan, of Indianapolis, went as teacher, and the 
Baptist women of the State guaranteed her salary. 

The work has gone on very auspiciously. During 
the year the colored Baptists of Alabama have 
raised §9000 for the school. The property is now 
worth §10,000. The school numbers over 300 
pupils. 

Mr. Woodsmall, though constitutionally frail of 
body, has vast energy, clear views, and great faith 
in God and Christianity. He gave himself and his 
whole property to the cause, and he is now seeing 
the fruits of his labor. The Home Mission So- 
eiety has appropriated §2000 per annum to the 
work since April 1, 1880. 

Woodward, Rev. William, a native of South 
Carolina, came to Alabama early in his youth, 



where he enjoyed a long and useful life. He was a 
citizen of extensive influence. Served several ses- 
sions in the senate of the State from West Alabama. 
But he found his highest honor and happiness in the 
Christian ministry. Few were better versed in the 
affairs of state ; fewer still were as well acquainted 
with the Word of God, and he loved it and preached 
it with great power. He died Sept. 7, 1871, aged 
seventy-nine. His father was a Baptist minister. 
His brother, the Hon. J. A. Woodward, now of 
Talladega, was for many years a distinguished 
member of Congress from South Carolina. 

Woolsey, Rev. J. J., was bom in Austerlitz, 
N. Y., in 1805 ; converted when quite young ; edu- 
cated at Hamilton, from which he graduated in 
1833. Among his classmates were Comstock, 
Dean, Howard, and Webb, who went as mission- 
aries to the heathen. Before leaving Hamilton, 
Mr. Woolsey supplied the church at Cassville for 
about two years, where a goodly shower of convert- 
ing grace descended and many souls were brought 
to Jesus. He declined a pressing call to settle in 
Cassville. In the spring of 1834 he accepted an 
invitation to become pastor of the church of Pike, 
in Western New York, where the spirit soon 
brought souls in numbers to the Saviour. In Pike 
he received ordination. 

Through failing health Mr. AVoolsey purposed to 
visit the South, and on his way he preached in the 
Central Baptist church of Philadelphia, by whose 
kind people he was persuaded to try the effect of 
their climate upon his enfeebled system, and to take 
charge of their church. He took the oversight of 
the Central church, and served it with great accept- 
ance for three years. During this period he gained 
the confidence of the Baptists of Philadelphia and 
the reputation of a very able and scholarly preacher. 

Mr. Woolsey accepted an invitation from the 
Blockley (Philadelphia) church on his retirement 
from the pastorate of the Central, and labored 
among them faithfully for two years, during which 
signal blessings rested upon his ministry. But his 
labors were too much for his feeble health, and in 
March, 1840, he accepted an invitation from the 
Baptist church of Norwalk, Conn., which he 
served for seven years, and then was constrained 
by his old trouble to retire from its pastorate. 
Afterwards he accepted an agency from the Amer- 
ican and Foreign Bible Society, to whose service 
he gave five years of untiring and fruitful effort, 
when the Norwalk church gave him a unanimous 
call to return among them, which brought him back, 
to their great joy and profit. The Bible Society, 
highly appreciating his talents and his success, ap- 
pointed him its financial secretary. In this office 
he rendered such service as few men had the ability 
to give. 

Mr. Woolsey is the author of several publica- 



WORCESTER 



1276 



WORDEN 



tions, the most remarkable of which is " The Doc- 
trine of Christian Baptism, Examined by the Ac- 
knowledged Principles of Biblical Interpretation." 
Of this work Benedict says, " The title of Mr. 
Woolsey's book is well sustained throughout his 
discussions." It is a work of very great merit, a 
republication of which would be of great service 
to the cause of truth. 

Mr. Woolsey is a man of extensive learning, of 
decided ability, well versed in general literature, 
with the manners of one who was naturally fitted 
for " good society," and who had frequent oppor- 
tunities for using his special gifts. 

His churches and the communities surrounding 
them had the highest regard for Mr. Woolsey as a 
minister, a man of learning, and a public benefac- 
tor. Church resolutions, newspaper commenda- 
tions, and the admiration of social circles gave Mr. 
Woolsey assurances of his great popularity, and of 
the warm regard which men of all opinions and 
positions cherished for him. 

In a happy old age this blameless and distin- 
guished servant of God, in Germantown, Philadel- 
phia, is awaiting the Master's summons to enter 
upon his eternal reward. 

Worcester Academy was originally chartered 
as the Worcester County Manual Labor High 
School. One of the purposes in view in laying the 
foundations of the institution was to establish a 
school " where every possible advantage should be 
afforded for productive manual labor, so that in- 
struction, while it should be good, should not be 
expensive." 

At the first meeting, held in March, 1832, of 
those who took a special interest in establishing 
such an institution as was contemplated by the 
charter, it was resolved to raise a fund of §5000 as 
a partial endowment of the proposed school, and 
that it should be located at Worcester, Mass. 
Nearly .ill the subscribers to the fund were Bap- 
tists. Application was made to the Legislature of 
Massachusetts for an act of incorporation, which 
was granted and signed Feb. 28, 1834. Hon. Isaac 
Davis was chosen president of the board of trustees, 
and arrangements were made at once for the erec- 
tion of a suitable building. Sixty acres of land 
were purchased in the southern part of the city for 
the purposes of the school. 

The new building having been completed, was 
formally dedicated June 4, 1834, and the school 
was formally opened with about 30 pupils, under 
the charge of Silas Bailey, afterwards so well 
known in' the West as Dr. Silas Bailey, who had 
recently graduated from Brown Univei'sity. The 
students continued to increase until, in two years, 
there were 135. The second principal was Samuel 
S. Greene, now Prof. S. S. Greene, of Brown Uni- 
versity, who remained in office two years, and was 



succeeded by Mr. Nelson H. Wheeler, whose term 
of service was ten years. In the number of pupils, 
and in the value of the instruction imparted, the 
school was in a condition of decided prosperity. 
But it became involved in pecuniary embarrass- 
ments, which crippled its usefulness, and placed a 
heavy load of care and responsibility upon its trus- 
tees. Gradually, however, through the excellent 
management of Mr. Davis, the institution emerged 
from its difficulties, and in 1864 it was reported 
not only to be free from debt, but in the possession 
of property worth at least $33,000.- Various at- 
tempts were made from time to time to merge the 
institution into another in its immediate neigh- 
borliood, or to transfer its funds to the Newton 
Theological Seminary, to found a professorship for 
the instruction of students who were not sufficiently 
advanced to study Hebrew and Greek. All these 
attempts, although sometimes quite seriously en- 
tertained, proved abortive. The friends of the 
school, convinced that it was needed, rallied once 
more to its aid. An endowment was raised suf- 
ficiently large to settle the question that it was to 
remain in the city where it had originally been 
located, and that it should be an academy of a high 
order, and under the special control of Baptists. 
In the summer of 1869 the grounds once occupied 
by the " Ladies' Collegiate Institute," four acres in 
extent, a pleasant and commanding site within the 
city limits, were purchased, the buildings erected 
for the purposes of the institute put in thorough 
repair, and the Worcester Academy found its new 
home on one of the most attractive heights of the 
beautiful city of AVorcester. The academy is out 
of debt, and has a property in real estate estimated 
to be worth $100,000, and invested funds exceed- 
ing $50,000, with pledges to a considerable addi- 
tional amount. Under its present principal, Mr. 
N. Leavenworth, it is prospered, and as a feeder of 
Brown University it is doing a good work in fitting 
young men to enter our oldest seminary of learning. 

The Woi'cester Academy owes a great debt of 
gratitude to Hon. Isaac Davis. He was the presi- 
dent of its board of trustees for forty years, and for 
most of this long period its treasurer. In the dark- 
est days of its advei-sitj^ he believed that a prosper- 
ous future was before it, and it is owing very 
largely to his wise and judicious management, 
under the divine blessing, that its present condi- 
tion of prosperity has been reached. It has had 
other warm and devoted friends, who have stood 
by it in all its varying fortunes. 

Worden, Rev. Horace, was born at West 
Stockbridge, Mass., Feb. 9, 1812. At the age of 
thirteen he was converted, uniting nrst with the 
Methodists, but subsequently becoming a Baptist, 
he was baptized in 1843, uniting with the First 
Baptist church of Quincy, 111., to which place he 



WORD EN 



1278 



WORRALL 



had in the mean time removed. He had been a 
preacher while a Methodist, but%as now licensed 
by the church in Quincy, and shortly after ordained 
as pastor of the church in Barry. In 1846, under 
appointment of the Home Mission Society, he be- 
came a missionary in Iowa, remaining about six 
years in that State. His health failing, he re- 
tui-ned to Quincy, and has since been engaged in 
mission labor ; a work involving much self-denial, 
but in which he enjoys many evidences of the di- 
vine blessing. 

Worden, Eev. Jesse Babcock, the grandson 

of a brother of Rev. Peter Worden, was born in 
Washington Co., R. I., July 18, 1787. In 1812 he 
was drafted, and served his country in several mil- 
itary positions during the war with Great Britain, 
When hostilities ceased he devoted himself to 
business, for which he had many qualifications. 
He was converted and baptized in 1816 in North 
Woodstock, N. Y., and in 1818 he was ordained. 
After sixteen years' service elsewhere he became 
co-pastor with the Rev. Davis Dimock in Montrose, 
Pa., in 1835 for a short time, and sole pastor of 
the chui-ch from 1838 until 1844. He labored after 
1844 in Susquehanna County, where he died Aug. 
6, 1855. Mr. Worden was an instructive preacher 
and a very faithful pastor. He possessed elements 
of great efficiency as a minister, his labors were 
attended with more than ordinary success, and his 
precepts and example made an indelible impression 
upon many in Northern Pennsylvania. 

Worden, Oliver N., was born in New Wood- 
stock, N. Y., in 1817 ; acquired the art of printing 
in the office of the Utica Baptist Register, and, like 
many other masters of type-setting, he became a 
learned historian and a ready writer. For more 
than forty years he has contributed to various po- 
litical, moral, religious, and historical periodicals. 
He has published newspapers in Montrose, Athens, 
Tunkhannock, and Lewisburg. He was twenty- 
seven years a member, and eleven years the scribe, 
of the board of curators of the university at Lew- 
isburg. He was three years a clerk in the senate 
of Pennsylvania, and fifteen years clerk of the 
Northumberland Association. He has edited '' The 
Life and Times of Sheardown," " Family Record,'' 
" Half-Century History of the Northumberland 
Association," and " Half-Century History of the 
Bridgewater Association." 

Mr. Woi-den was an original thinker, a man of 
patient painstaking in collecting materials, of ex- 
treme conscientiousness, of great usefulness in the 
denomination, and a brother beloved as widely as 
he is known. He prepared a manuscript Baptist 
history, the publication of which would be of great 
advantage to the Baptists of Pennsylvania, and it 
is hoped that it will soon be given to the printer. 
He died near New Mllford, Pa., April 28, 1881. 



Worden, Rev. Peter, was bom in 1729, con- 
verted among the New-Lights, and ordained at 
Warwick, R. I., in 1751. He removed to Berk- 
shire Co., Mass., in 1769, and he died in 1805. 
John Leland, at his death, spoke of him as " the 
arduous Worden, who had been in the ministry 
longer than any Baptist preacher left behind in 
New England." In the minutes of the Shaftsbury 
Association for 1808 there is the following record 
about him : " For dignity of nature, soundness of 
judgment, meekness of temper, and unwearied 
labors in the ministry but few have equaled him 
in this age. He was the father, founder, and 
guardian angel of this Association until his age 
prevented. He followed the work of the ministry 
about sixty years." 

Work, Rev. Perley, was born in Williamsburg, 
Vt., Sept. 11, 1813, and died at Oshkosh, Wis., 
Aug. 11, 1877. He was educated at Oneida Insti- 
tute, in Whitesborough, N. Y. After his conver- 
sion and call to the ministry he pursued a course 
of theological study at Hamilton, N. Y., and grad- 
uated in 1841. He was sent to Wisconsin as a 
missionary by the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society in 1847, and began his labors at Sheboygan. 
Subsequently he served the churches at Omro, 
Ripon, Waukau, First church, Oshkosh, and She- 
boygan Falls. He was a devoted minister of 
Christ, a faithful preacher, and very successful 
pastor. He is held in the highest esteem by his 
brethren in the ministry. 

Worrall, A. S., D.D., was bom in Georgia in 
1831, and graduated from- Mercer University with 
honor in 1855. He studied theology under Dr. J. 
L. Dagg and Dr. N. M. Crawford. He taught 
Latin and Greek in the Baptist College in Missis- 
sippi, and afterwards Greek and Hebrew in Union 
University, Tenn. After the war was president of 
Mount Lebanon University, La., and had unusual 
success. He was for a time editor of the Western 
Recorder, of Louisville, Ky. For health he re- 
moved to California, and there did much to endow 
the Baptist College. He is now president of Mount 
Pleasant College, Huntsville, Mo. The college is 
fortunate in obtaining such a president. 

Worrall, Rev. Moses Hoagland, was born at 
Charlestown, Ind., Aug. 4, 1835. His father, Rev. 
Isaac Worrall, was an active and influential Baptist 
minister. The son was converted and baptized 
into the fellowship of the Charlestown church at 
the age of fourteen. Receiving his education chiefly 
at Cincinnati and Covington, his first public service 
was as principal of the Main School in the latter 
city. In compliance with the request of citizens, 
he opened an academy for the preparation of young 
men for college, and for advanced study in the clas- 
sics and sciences. The large attendance made the 
erection of a building at once necessary, and the 



WORRALL 



WRIGHT 



school became well known as the Covington Clas- 
sical and Scientific Academy, later as Worrall's 
Classical and Scientific Academy for Girls and 
Boys. Notwithstanding his eminent success in 
this line of work, Mr. Worrall continued to be 
pressed by convictions of duty as to the ministry. 
Yielding to these, he was licensed by the First 
church of Covington, March 31, 1868, and was 
called as pastor of the Columbia Baptist church, 
Cincinnati, in February of the following year, re- 
ceiving ordination in April of the same year. His 
subsequent pastorates have been at Troy, 0., and 
Springfield and Princeton, 111., the scene of his 
present labors. He is an effective preacher and a 
hard-working pastor. As the result, his work on 
each of the fields named has been telling and fruit- 
ful. 

Wright, Rev. David, son of David and Martha 
(Hubbard) Wright, was born in New London, 
Conn., July 30, 1788. His father, a graduate of 
Yale College and a lawyer, died in 1798. David 
from 1801 to 1810 worked in a printing-office in 
Boston ; converted under Dr. Stilhnan, and united 
with First Baptist church in Boston, April 28, 
1805; thought to become a missionary printer; 
studied in Boston, in Norwich, and in Wallingford, 
Conn., under Rev. Joshua Bradley ; assisted Mr. 
Bradley in teaching, and supplied the pulpit of the 
North Haven Baptist church ; ordained in South- 
ington. Conn., Aug. 9, 1815 ; in his very long min- 
istry his settlements were atWestfield Farms, Cum- 
mington, Westminster, Westfield, and Conway, 
Mass. ; Waterville and Romulus, N. Y. ; North 
Colebrook, North Lyme, and Clinton, Conn. ; served 
as State missionary in Massachusetts and Connec- 
ticut, and among Indians of Martha's Vineyard ; 
agent of American and Foreign Bible Society for 
New Hampshire ; member of the Massachusetts 
Legislature from Westfield Farms ; was never phys- 
ically strong, but strong in heart and intellect; 
logical and mighty in the Scriptures ; an excel- 
lent Greek scholar ; a wise and prized counselor ; 
preached over 8000 sermons ; constituted five 
churches ; now lives in Essex, Conn., at the age 
of ninety-two ; in his prime a preacher of power ; 
wielded withal an efiicient pen ; honored and be- 
loved by all. 

Wright, Rev. J. C, was born in South Caro- 
lina, Dec. 10, 1830; came with his parents to 
Alabama in childhood ; graduated in Howard 
College in 1856. His ministry for many years 
was with churches in West Alabama; was pastor 
in Clinton, Greensborough, and Gainesville, — some 
of the strongest churches in the State, among a 
wealthy and intelligent people. For some years 
since the late war he resided on his farm in Cal- 
houn County, and preached in the region around 
him ; now pastor of the Broad Street church in the 



city of Mobile. Mr. Wright is an eloquent and 
scholarly preacher ; his sermons always have an 
ornate finish, and are delivered in graceful style. 

Wright, Lyman, D.D., son of Deacon Pomeroy 
and Abigail AVright, was born in Westford, Otsego 




LYMAN WRIGHT, D.D. 

Co., N. Y., Sept. 28, 1816. He was converted Jan. 
5, 1830; baptized Sept. 3, 1831, and joined the 
AVestford Baptist church. He was educated at 
Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution ; 
ordained as an evangelist Feb. 11, 1838, and sup- 
plied the Westford church the succeeding year. 
He became pastor at Exeter, Otsego Co., N. Y., in 
1839; succeeded Rev. A. P. Mason, at Clockville, 
Madison Co., in 1841 : settled at Fayetteville, 
Onondaga Co., in 1845 ; served the American 
Baptist Missionary Union as collecting agent for 
one year ; took charge of the church in Norwich, 
Chenango Co., in 1854; in Trenton, N. J., in 
1858; in Norwich, a second term, in 1859; be- 
came financial secretary of the New York Baptist 
Education Society, and part of the time, in con- 
nection with it, agent for Madison University, in 
1861. While thus employed he increased the en- 
dowment fund of the university $72,000. 

He returned to the pastorate after this work was 
done, settling with the Newburgh church in 1864, 
and with the Binghamton church in 1869, where 
he remained until his death, in 1878. He has 
with his personal supervision assisted the church 
in erecting a commodious edifice. His ministerial 
labors extend over a period of more than forty 
years. In all of his pastorates he has been faith- 



WRIGHT 



WYCKOFF 



ful, and successful in winning souls for the king- 
dom, having baptized more than 1100 converts 
into the fellowship of the churches he has served. 

Wright, Judge Selden S., is one of the most 

honored judges in the State of California, and an 
exemplary member of the First Baptist church, 
San Francisco. Born March 7, 1822, in Essex Co., 
Va. ; son of Thos. Wright, Jr., and Mary Daley 
Jones ; graduated at William and Mary College in 
1842; he removed to Lexington, Miss., in 1843; 
practised law, in partnership with Hon. Walter 
Brooke, until 1851, when he removed to Yazoo City, 
and was the same year elected vice-chancellor of 
the middle district of Mississippi, and re-elected in 
1855. In 1855 he resigned and removed to Car- 
rollton, Miss., and practised law with William B. 
Helm, as partner, until 1859, when he removed to 
the Pacific coast, arriving at San Francisco, Cal., 
Jan. 3, 1860. He practised law until 1868, when 
he was elected probate judge for the city and county 
of San Francisco. In 1874 he was appointed judge 
of the City and County Court, and in 1876 re- 
elected to the same office, which he held until the 
office expired, Jan. 1, 1880. He was baptized by 
Rev. Jas. K. Clinton, at Lexington, Miss., in 1843, 
where his brother. Rev. Thos. Wright, is an es- 
teemed Baptist minister. While practising his 
profession he has always identified himself with 
his brethren in the churches where he has resided, 
and, on reaching San Francisco, united with the 
First Baptist church, in whose welfare he has 
been deeply interested during his twenty years' 
residence in California. 

Wright, Eev. Stephen, was born March 22, 
1813, in Cambridge, Washington Co., N. Y., of a 
New England ancestry, the seventh generation 
from Lieut. Abel Wright, of Springfield, Mass., 
in 1655. Converted at eighteen, he was baptized, 
with 111 other converts, by the venerable Daniel 
Tinkham, into the White Creek churcli, in the 
great revival of 1831. He prepared for college 
at Union Academy, Bennington, Vt. He was or- 
dained at Stillwater, N. Y., Feb. 23, 1837, and, 
after preaching two and a half years, entered the 
seminary at Hamilton in December, 1839, where 
he spent three years, chiefly in theological study, 
graduating in 1842; served various churches, 
mostly in Eastern New York and Western Ver- 
mont. His longest pastorate was at old Ticon- 
deroga, from 1854 to 1860, in which time he bap- 
tized, with other converts, the father of Rev. 
Joseph Cook, known as Deacon Wm. II. Cook, of 
the Baptist Church, a solid farmer. In 1853 he 
published, by request, " A History of the Old 
Shaftsbury Association from 1780 to 1853," in a 
12mo volume of 464 pages, which interested 100 
churches and 6 Associations that now occupy the 
territory of the original body. He has also pub- 



lished several local church histories, and written 
for the periodical press, secular and religious. He 
is located at Glen's Falls, Warren Co., N. Y. 

Wright, Rev. Thomas Goddard, son of Rev. 
David Wright, was born in Westfield, Mass., Jan. 
18, 1820 ; converted and baptized at eleven in ' 
Cummington, Mass. ; began holding meetings im- 
mediately, and soon rejoiced over nearly a score 
converted through his efforts ; graduated at Water- 
ville College (now Colby University), Me., at 
nineteen, and from Hamilton Theological Semi- 
nary, N. Y., at twenty-two ; supplied one year at 
Avon Springs, N. Y., then settled in Lyons, N. Y., 
and was ordained Aug. 7, 1844. His subsequent 
ministry was in Claremont, N. II., Sandisfield, 
Mass., Newark, N. J., AYestport and Wappinger's 
Falls, N. Y., Roadstown, N. J., with First Cohan- 
sey church, Philadelphia, Pa., Westerly, R. I., 
Newfane and Watkins, N. Y., and Media, Pa. In 
Newark, N. J., he served as missionary, inaugura- 
ting its present city mission plan, and organizing 
the North church ; also in Philadelphia, Pa., where, 
in connection with other labors, he organized the 
Mantua mission, and left it when ready to be rec- 
ognized as the present Mantua church. He was 
always true to New Testament Baptist doctrine. 
He has been a successful harmonizer of church dif- 
ficulties, careful in the reception of members into 
the church, and a promoter of missions and educa- 
tion. He has a son (Wm. R.) who is pastor at 
Cohoes, N. Y. He was one of the originators of 
South Jersey Institute, at Bridgeton, N. .J., and its 
first secretary. While at Hamilton he compiled 
and arranged a music book called the " Cliapel 
Choir," which was published by the institution, 
and used for many years in the chapel services. 
He is in good health at sixty, and bids fair to do 
service for the Master for several years to come. 

Wyatt, Rev. Wm. H., a pioneer preacher in 
Southeastern Arkansas, was born in Alabama in 
1805, and removed to Arkansas in 1848. He 
preached extensively in all the region between 
the Ouachita and Arkansas Rivers, and gathered 
many churches. He died in 1853 of malarial fever, 
contracted during a missionary tour in the Missis- 
sippi bottom. 

Wyckoff, William H., LL.D., the youngest of 

the family of Rev. Cornelius P. and Elizabeth 
Richmond Wyckoff, was born in New York City, 
Sept. 10, 1807. 

He finished his academic studies in Auburn, 
N. Y. ; spent two years at Hamilton College, and 
was graduated at Union College in 1828. 

Having then a high reputati®n for his wide 
range of information and accurate scholarship, he 
was appointed principal of a celebrated collegiate 
school in New York City. 

He studied successively law and medicine ; was 



WYER 



1281 



WYNN 



regarded as an authority in ancient and modern 
history ; was well versed in general literature, and 
excelled in mathematics. The late Prof. Charles 
Anthon, LL.D., said of him, that he believed there 
was no one in this country superior to him in a 
knowledge of Greek and Latin. He had also made 
scholarly attainments in Hebrew and in some of 
the modern European languages. His study of the 
Bible was earnest and unremitting. 

Having a retentive memory, extensive reading 
had given him a wealth of intellectual resources, 
which enhanced his fin6 conversational gifts, and 
furnished him with copious illustrations in his 
preaching. 

The Laight Street Baptist church called him to 
the ministry in 1846. He was the founder and — 
from 1839 to 1846— the editor of The Baptist Ad- 
vocate (now the Examiner and Chronicle). 

As a manager of the Sunday-School Union, pres- 
ident of the Young Men's City Bible Society and 
of the Baptist Domestic Mission Society, and a 
worker in other benevolent enterprises in his na- 
tive city, he was active and efficient. 

He took part in organizing the American and 
Foreign Bible Society in 1835, and was its corre- 
sponding secretary from 1846 to 1850, when the 
American Bible Union was founded, of which he 
was secretai-y till his death. 

To the work of the Bible Union, in its efforts to 
procure and circulate the most faithful versions of 
the Scriptures, he gave his best energies and his 
steadfast support. His voluminous correspondence 
in the interests of the society attests his devotion 
to the cause. In the excited controversy occa- 
sioned by the movement for the revision of the 
English Bible his part was prominent, but he was 
careful not to overstep the bounds of Christian 
courtesy. The degree of LL.D. was conferred on 
him by Madison University in 1858. 

He was the author of various religious and edu- 
cational books. His disposition was genial and 
sympathetic ; his nature refined ; his life pure and 
devout. 

Of his seven children, five survive him. His 
sudden death on Nov. 2, 1877, was caused by a 
rupture of the heart, unaccountable to the eminent 
physicians who were present at the post-mortem 
examination. Dr. Wyckofi^ performed a mighty 
work for pure versions of the Word of God. 

Wyer, Rev. Henry Hartstene, was born in 

South Carolina, July 26, 1829. He was prepared 
for college at a classical school in Savannah, Ga. ; 
was graduated from the Columbian College, Wash- 
ington, D. C, and received his theological education 
at the Princeton Seminary, N. J. In 1854 he 
became pastor of the Upperville and Ebenezer 
churches, Fauquier Co., Va. In 1856 he removed to 
Lynchburg, where he remained until 1859. From 



1859 to 1866 he was pastor of the Oakland and Hope- 
ful churches. From 1866 to 1871, Mr. Wyer was 
principal of the Fauquier Female Institute, an ex- 
cellent school, and also pastor of the church in 
Warrenton, Va. At present he is the pastor of the 
Carter's Run and Broad Run churches, the former 
of which was organized by the Rev. John Pickett, 
who was imprisoned in the county jail for preach- 
ing the gospel. The latter was organized by the 
Rev. David Thomas in 1762, and has had among 
its pastors such well-known men as Wm. Fristoe, 

C. George, and John Ogilvie. 

Wyer, Rev. Henry Otis, was born in Beverly, 
Mass., March 19, 1802 ; educated at Waterville Col- 
lege, Me., and at Columbian College, Washington, 

D. C. His piety, zeal, and talents attracted at- 
tention in Savannah, to which he came in 1824, 
and, notwithstanding his inexperience, he was 
elected pastor of the church there, and called to 
ordination, Dr. Wm. T. Brantly, Sr., then pastor 
at Augusta, and Rev. James Shannon officiating. 
He remained pastor of the church about ten 
years, when excessive labors broke his health 
down and he had to resign. 

Among others whom he was instrumental in 
bringing to Jesus and baptizing were Dr. Richard 
Fuller, Dr. J. H. De Votie, and Rev. D. G. Daniel. 
As a preacher he had few equals, for he was es- 
pecially fitted for the pulpit by his sonorous voice, 
comprehensive mind, cultivated intellect, and sanc- 
tified heart. His characteristics were clearness, 
unction, and force. Hundreds were converted under 
his ministry, the church at Savannah was revived 
and built up, and the Baptist cause in the city 
greatly advanced by his labors. He passed away 
May 8, 1857, at Alexandria, Va., in the fifty-sixth 
year of his age. 

Wynn, Isaac Caldwell, D.D., was born in 

Cumberland Co., N. J., Feb. 22, 1835 ; was bap- 
tized in the West Branch of the Susquehanna by 
Rev. I. N. Hayhurst, in March, 1854; was gradu- 
ated at the University of Lewisburg in 1858 ; was 
principal of the academic department of the uni- 
versity at Lewisburg from 1859 to 1864. From 
1864 to 1867 he held the principalship of a classi- 
cal academy at Danville, Pa. Became pastor of 
the Baptist church at Hatborough, Pa., in Novem- 
ber, 1867, where he was ordained Feb. 13, 1868. 
July 1, 1870, he became pastor of the Tabernacle 
church of Camden, N. J. 

During his pastorate the First and Tabernacle 
churches of Camden were united in 1872 under the 
corporate title of the Fourth Street Baptist church 
of Camden, of which he is still pastor. His spirit 
is so conciliatory, and his wisdom so practical, that 
he has been instrumental in bringing into complete 
harmony two communities formerly worshipping 
in separate buildings ; and the blessing of God has 



WYNN 



YATES 



prospered the church in conversions, in the in- 
creased piety of the members, and in the favor of 




ISAAC CALDWELL WYNN, D.D. 

the people of Camden. In 1879 the university at 
Lewisburg gave him the degree of D.D. 



Wyoming Institute of Delaware, The, with 

grounds and building, costing $9000, was estab- 
lished in 1867 by a joint-stock company at Wy- 
oming, Kent Co., Del. Rev. 0. F. Flippo, then a 
missionary in Delaware of the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society, after consulting prominent 
Baptists, by assistance from individuals and a loan 
from the society under which he was acting, pur- 
chased it for the denomination for a school and 
place of worship. For two years he took its general 
oversight, visiting churches and collecting money 
to pay for it. In 1872, Rev. M. Heath, A.M., was 
elected principal, a position which he still holds 
(1880). He has furnished it with his own appa- 
ratus, employed teachers, and conducted its educa- 
tional interests on his own responsibility. It was 
rechartered in 1875, providing for a large majority 
of Baptists in the board of trustees. The courses 
of study for both sexes require three years beyond 
common-school bi-anches. Since 1874 there has 
been a graduating class each year except one. 
No debts have been incurred since 1873. About 
12000 have been paid on the original indebted- 
ness, and $1000 remain unpaid. The institu- 
tion has usually from four to six teachers. The 
largest annual attendance was for the year ending 
June, 1879, when 101 were registered. This insti- 
tution is of great advantage to that portion of the 
people of Delaware surrounding it, especially to the 
citizens of Wyoming. 



Y. 



Yates, Rev. Aaron, a leading Baptist minister, 
who resides at Arkadelphia, Ark., was born in 
Georgia in 1817; removed to Arkansas in 1850; 
began to preach in 1854. His labors have been 
chiefly devoted to churches in Dallas and the ad- 
joining counties, and have been eminently suc- 
cessful. 

Yates, M. T., D.D., was born in Wake Co., 
N. C, in 1819; was baptized into the fellowship 
of the Mount Pisgah church in October, 1836 ; 
went to school to George W. Thompson, near Wake 
Forest College, in 1838 ; became a beneficiary of 
the Convention, and was graduated from Wake 
Forest College in 1846 ; was ordained in October, 
1846, during the session of the Convention in the 
city of Raleigh. Rev. Thomas Meredith preached 
the sermon. Rev. William Hill Jordan oflfered the 
prayer, Dr. James B. Taylor, of Richmond, de- 
livered the charge, and the venerable Dr. Wait 



presented the Bible. Immediately after his ordi- 
nation he and his wife sailed for China, where 
they have been laboring for thirty-five years. Dr. 
Yates has visited the United States three times dur- 
ing this period, in search of health, and he is now 
publishing in the Biblical Recorder " Reminis- 
cences of a Long Missionary Life," which will be 
issued in book form after the series has been com- 
pleted. 

Dr. Jeter, clarum et venerahile nomen, once said 
to the writer that " he regarded Dr. Yates as the 
ablest missionary whom he had ever known." I 
asked, "Did you know Judson?" "Yes," he re- 
plied. " I knew Judson ; but Yates has more mind 
than Judson." During the war Ijetween the States, 
Dr. Yates was enabled, by a judicious investment 
of some money he had left on interest in New 
York, to sustain the missionaries of the Southern 
Baptist Convention in China, who were cut oflF 



YEAMAK 



1283 



YEISER 



from all communication with the board that sent 
them out. Dr. Yates has rendered valuable service 




M. T. YATES, D.D. 

in the translation of the Scriptures, and in issuing 
evangelical tracts in Chinese. He was honored 
with the title of D.D. by Wake Forest College in 
1872. 

Yeaman, W. Pope, D.D., was born in Har- 
din Co., Ky., May 28, 1832. He was the third 
in a fomily of nine children, eight of whom were 
sons. His father was a man of culture, and emi- 
nenfas a lawyer. His mother was Miss Lucretia 
Helm, sister of ex-Gov. Helm, of Kentucky, a 
lady of talent. Six of the brothers became law- 
yers. Dr. Pope Yeaman studied law with his 
uncle. Gov. John Z. Helm, and was admitted to 
the bar at the age of nineteen. For nine years 
Dr. Yeaman devoted himself to the practice of law. 
He was able as an advocate, and was retained in 
difficult cases. At the age of twenty-seven he en- 
tered the ministry and received ordination. His 
first pastorate was at Nicholasville, Ky., whei-e he 
divided his time with East Hickman church, in 
Fayette County, succeeding Ryland T. Dillard, 
D.D., who had preached there thirty-seven years. 
In 1862 he became pastor of the First Baptist church 
in Covington, Ky. In December, 1867, he was 
called to the Central Baptist church of New York 
City. In March, 1870, he accepted a call to the 
Third Baptist church of St. Louis. In the same 
year William Jewell College conferred upon him 
the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. 
Yeaman has been active in all the denominational 



interests of the State. He was for a time proprie- 
tor and editor of the Central Baptist, also chan- 
cellor of AVilliam Jewell College, and president of 
the Missouri General Association. He still holds 
this office, presiding with dignity and giving gen- 
eral satisfaction. 

In 1876 he resigned the care of the Third church, 
and for two years was pastor of the Garrison Ave- 
nue church, a new interest. This charge he re- 
signed, and he is now pastor at Glasgow, and 
secretary of the General Association. His natural 
eloquence and superior mental endowments give 
him great power over an audience. He is an in- 
dependent thinker, bold in his utterances, with 




W. POPE YEAMAN, D.D. 

throngs of warm friends. His influence and use- 
fulness in Missouri are very great. 

Yeiser, Rev. George 0., was bom in Lancaster, 
Grand Co., Ky., Dec. 4, 1825. He was brought up 
in the Presbyterian Church ; graduated at Centre 
College in 1848 ; followed the profession of the 
law for eight years ; was collector of U. S. internal 
revenue in the first collection district in Kentucky 
in 1864 and 1865. On June 5, 1868, he suffered 
an affliction that was blessed in bringing his soul 
to God. On searching the Scripture for authority 
for infant sprinkling he became convinced that im- 
mersion alone is baptism. He was baptized in 
September, 1868 ; ordained Aug. 5, 1875 ; became 
pastor of the Baptist church in Ashland, Neb., Aug. 
15, 1875. Since 1878 he has been pastor of the 
Baptist churches at Red Cloud and Guide Rock, 
Neb. 



YERKE8 



YOUNG 



Yerkes, David J., D.D., was born in Mont- 
gomery Co., Pa., Jan. 27, 1825 ; was graduated at 
Columbian College, D. C, in 1848 ; ordained at 
Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1849, and, after a pastorate of 
seven years at that place, took charge of the First 
church of Pittsburgh for four years, then the First 
church of Brooklyn, N. Y., for three years, from 
which he went to the First church of Plainfield, 
N. J., in the fall of 1863. The degree of D.D. was 
conferred upon him by Columbian College and the 
university at Lewisburg in 1870. Since the settle- 
ment of Dr. Yerkes in Plainfield a fine new church 
edifice has been built and paid for, several exten- 
sive revivals have been enjoyed, and the member- 
ship of the church has increased to 800. 

Young', Aaron H., was born in 1780, in Fair- 
fax Co., Va. He was brought to Kentucky by his 
parents when a child, and was converted at the age 
of twenty -one years, and baptized by Rev. Peter Dud- 
ley. He removed to Missouri in 1819, and lived at 
Martliaville, where he helped to organize the Friend- 
ship Baptist church. Afterwards he i-enioved to 
St. Louis County and joined the Fee Fee church. 
His house was the home of Peck, Hurley, Music, 
and Williams, the pioneer preachers of Missouri. 
He loved knowledge, art, and the Saviour's gospel. 
Mr. Young was a useful layman, and a great helper 
to the church. 

Young, Rev. C. B., an aged minister in Mar- 
shall Co., Miss., was born in North Carolina in 
1815; began to preach in 1837 ; removed to Mis- 
sissippi in 1840 ; ordained in 1845, and during 
the thirty-five years of his useful ministry he has 
supplied anumber of churches in Marshall and the 
surrounding counties, where his labors have been 
greatly blessed. At the age of sixty-six he is waiting 
beside the river, with a long life of usefulness be- 
hind and the prospect of rest beyond. 

Young, Hon. Edward, Ph.D., was born in 
Nova Scotiu, Dec. 11, 1814, and was educated at 
Horton Academy, now Acadia College. He was 
engaged for a while in commercial pursuits, but, 
removing to Philadelphia, became a publisher of 
statistical works. On coming to Washington, he 
was chosen chief of the U. S. Bureau of Statistics, 
which position he held for more than eight years, 
with great honor to himself and usefulness to the 
commercial interests of the government. While 
chief of this important bureau, he was appointed by 
the President of the United States a delegate to 
the International Statistical Congress held in St. 
Petersburg, Russia, in 1872, and won for himself in 
that distinguished assembly a high reputation as a 
statistician. He served as one of the vice-presidents 
of that congress. The emperor of Russia was so 
favorably impressed with the ability of Dr. Young 
that he sent him a valuable diamond ring, which, by 
a special act of Congress, he was permitted to accept. 



It is a fact well worthy of record that Dr. Young, 
who has always been a zealous advocate of tem- 
perance, and an opponent of theatrical representa- 
tions, in consequence of their corrupting tenden- 
cies, while in Russia steadfastly declined to partake 
of wine, so abundantly furnished at the tables of 
the emperor and of other members of the royal 
family ; and also to visit the theatre in Moscow, 
when all the other members of the congress made 
the visit at the invitation of the authorities of that 
city. Whjle attending the congress, the fact was 
brought to Dr. Young's notice that the " Stund- 
ists," who are mainly Baptists, were imprisoned 
in Southern Russia, charged with disseminating 
heresy and drawing away from the orthodox 
(Russo-Greek) church some of its members ; he 
used his influence, naturally great under the cir- 
cumstances of his position, with the high officials 
of Russia to secure their liberation. In this merci- 
ful labor he was greatly aided by his friend. Baron 
de Rozen, grand master of the court and confiden- 
tial friend of the emperor, who kindly undertook 
to interest in behalf of the imprisoned Baptists 
Prince Dondouroff'-Korsakoff, governor-general of 
Kiev, in which place the " Stundists" were held 
for trial, the result of which was that a new trial 
before a higher court was granted, and the de- 
cision made that, although the prisoners were cul- 
pable, yet they were not guilty of disseminating 
heresy, and were consequently discharged, with 
the exception of two, who were sent to the authori- 
ties of another jurisdiction. Dr. Young stands 
desei'vedly high as a writer in his special field of 
studies and labors. He edited for many years a 
temperance paper in Nova Scotia, and subse- 
quently industrial journals in New York and 
Philadelphia. In addition to numerous regular 
monthly, quarterly, and annual reports on the 
commerce and navigation of the United States, he 
prepared, in 1871, a special report on immigration, 
in which a vast amount of valuable information 
with regard to the advantages of the country was 
furnished for those looking towards a settlement 
here. Of this work 20,000 copies were published 
in English, 10,000 in German, and 10,000 in 
French, for which the author was awarded a medal 
and diploma by the International Geographical 
Congress at Paris in 1875. In 1872 he issued a 
special report on the " Customs-Tariff Legislation 
of the United States," which is a standard work 
in this and in other countries. His last work, on 
" Labor in Europe and America," has received the 
very highest commendations from economists and 
statesmen in this country and in Europe. He has 
also made frequent valuable contributions to the 
monthly, weekly, and daily journals, chiefly on 
economical subjects. He is an honorary member 
of the Statistical Society of London, and owing 



YOUNG 



YOUNG 



to his reputation as a statistician the government 
of Canada has been desirous of securing his 
services. lie is at the present time (1879) at 
Ottawa, engarred in special service. 

Dr. Young has been for many years, and still is, 
a member of the First Baptist church, Washing- 
ton ; is a deacon of the church, and v?as for several 
years the superintendent of the Sunday-school. 
The Columbian College, in recognition of his val- 
uable services to the government, conferred upon 
him, in 1867, the honorary degree of A.M. (as 
did also Acadia College), and in 1871 the degree 
of Doctor of Philosophy. Dr. Young is interested 
in the higher education of the youth of the coun- 
try, and has given to the Columbian College a 
gold medal, " The Young prize for excellence in 
metaphysics,'- annually awarded to the best student 
in mental philosophy. 

Young, Rev. George Whitefield, was born in 
Amherst Co., Va., Feb. 15, 1807. His father, John 




REV. GEORGE WHITEFIELD YOUNG. 

Young, was a Baptist minister of whom honorable 
mention is made in Rev. James B. Taylor's " His- 
tory of Virginia Baptist Ministers" as " one of 
those who were imprisoned for Christ's sake." 

Rev. George W. Young united with the Prospect 
Baptist church of Amherst Co., Va., in 1827: in 
April, 1845, he was ordained in Eliin church, Hay- 
wood Co., Tenn., having left his native State in 
October, 1829 ; he continued serving the best inter- 
ests of this church until his death, Dec. 3, 1874, in 
the sixty-eighth year of his age. 

He was instrumental in the formation of Hermon 



church, Lauderdale Co., and he was its pastor for 
several years. In 1852 he was called to the pas- 
torate of Woodlawn church, and served it until 
declining health forced him to resign. In 1869 he 
accepted the pastoral care of Salem church, Lau- 
derdale Co., and in 1873 commenced his labors 
with Bloomington (now Brighton) church, Tipton 
Co. 

The Big Ilatchie Association frequently selected 
Rev. G. W. Young as its moderator, and he was 
repeatedly elected president of the- West Tennessee 
Baptist Convention. These offices of dignity and 
worth were conscientiously and satisfactorily filled. 
His great influence was always exerted for the good 
of humanity. His appearance was commanding, 
his manners were social and easy. He had a kind 
word for all who, came in contact with him ; his 
affection and gentleness won the sympathies of the 
young, and their welcome made his visits doubly 
enjoyable. 

His piety was of the quiet, practical order, un- 
obtrusive, but not to be mistaken. 

A short time previous to his death he reviewed 
his past life and labors, and in commenting upon 
them to an intimate friend and associate be re- 
marked that, ' ' so far as the doctrines he had preached 
were concerned, he believed them all, and in his 
practice of them had nothing to regret ; that with 
eternity in view, he was more than ever convinced 
that it was wrong to affiliate with the teachers of 
error." "I know whom I have believed," were 
the words uttered by him just before yielding up 
his spirit, showing that his faith did not forsake 
him in the hour of death. 

He passed away from this life Dec. 3, 1874, but 
his memory still remains honored by the church 
and those who knew him. 

Young, Rev. Jesse, one of a noble band of pio- 
neers in South Mississippi, was born in South Car- 
olina, and removed to Mississippi in 1811: or- 
dained in 1827 ; w'as indefatigable in his labors to 
plant primitive Christianity in South Mississippi 
and Eastern Louisiana, and was blessed as the 
instrument in establishing many churches ; died 
in 1847. 

Young, Mrs. M. J., was bom in Beaufort, N. C, 
about 1828. Her father, Nathan Fuller, is a de- 
scendant of Samuel Fuller, who came to America 
in the " Mayflower." His paternal grandmother 
was a daughter of Michael Pacquenett, a Huguenot, 
of Bordeaux, who emigrated to this country after 
the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and married, 
in Virginia, a direct descendant of John Rolf and 
Rebecca, his wife, better known as Pocahontas. 
Her mother is the daughter of Dr. John Marshall, 
Essex, England, who was educated at Eton and 
Trinity College, Oxford. Mrs. Young was edu- 
cated chiefly under Episcopal influence, at Greens- 



YOUNG 



1286 



YOUNG 



borough, Ala., and never heard a Baptist sermon 
till sixteen years of age, when she first heard Rev. 
D. P. Bestor preach. Removing to Houston, 
Texas, in 1843, she continued to attend the Episco- 
pal church, teach a Sunday-school, read her prayer- 
book, and felt hurt when it was said, " Oh, never 
mind, let her read her prayer-book, when she is 
converted she will join the Baptist Church." 
Through the influence of Rev. W. M. Tryon she 
was induced to examine the New Testament as to 
her duty about baptism, and in 1846 she was bap- 
tized by Mr. Tryon into the fellowship of the 
Houston Baptist church. The administrator, de- 
scended from the Welsh Baptists, told her that 
through him she had received apostolic baptism, 
through the succession of the ancient Christian 
church of Wales. In February, 1847, she was 
married to Dr. S. 0. Young, of South Carolina, 
who died the same year. She has written short 
poems, stories, and letters of travel ; is the author 
of " Cardena," a serial, showing that Judaism has 
no consistent, logical development except in Bap- 
tist faith, and a work on botany, published by, A. 
S. Barnes & Co., New York, to which is added the 
most complete flora of Texas yet published. Her 
attainments as a botanist have been recognized by 
eminent scientists on both sides of the Atlantic, 
and she has distinguished correspondents, literary, 
scientific, historical, poetical, theological, and mili- 
tary. She has been Texas State botanist, and su- 
perintendent of public schools at Houston, Texas. 
She was the Texas member of the Woman's Cen- 
tennial Committee, and was honored by His Grace 
the Duke of Richmond and Gordon, K.G. She is 
connected either actively or honorarily with numer- 
ous associations for pomological, horticultural, and 
scientific purposes in America. She is devoted to 
the interest of the Houston Baptist church, and all 
worthy Baptist enterprises. She has fascinating 
conversational powers, and writes in an attractive 
style, commanding the high regard of all who are 
numbered among her friends or acquaintances. 

Young, Rev. Robert F., was born near Coates- 
ville, Pa., Sept. 4, 1810. From the time of his 
great-grandfather, Ninian Young, — who in 1754 re- 
sided on and owned a tract of about two hundred 
acres in East Fallowfield, Chester Co., — his family 
were farmers, and Robert himself, until near m9,n- 
hood, led the same hardy life. 

Denominationally, the earlier generations of the 
family were almost exclusively Presbyterian ; but, 
about the close of the year 1774, the grandfather 
of Mr. Young married Martha, sister of the late 
and still revered Deacon Thomas Shields, of the 
First Baptist church of Philadelphia, and to this 
graft from a more orthodox stock is probably due 
the large number of Baptists in the Young family. 
And no doubt, too, it was in part owing to the ex- 



ample and influence of this lady, whom Mr. Young 
still remembers in her latter days as a constant 
Bible-reader and a firm Baptist, as well as to his 
own deep, youthful convictions, that he was led to 




REV. ROBERT F. YOUNG. 

be baptized in 1824, to unite with the Hephzibah 
church. 

When only seventeen, Mr. Young, feeling called 
to preach the gospel, began the preparatory study 
of Latin and Greek at Moscow Academy, above 
Sadsburyville, Chester Co., Pa. 

In 1831 he was licensed by the Bethesda Bap- 
tist church, Chester Co., and the same year en- 
tered the Literary and Theological Institution at 
Hamilton, N. Y. 

After studying at Hamilton two years, early in 
the fall of 1833 Mr. Young left, and took charge 
of religious meetings at Milestown, near Philadel- 
phia, out of which the Union Baptist church was 
constituted in November, 1833, of which he became 
the first pastor. He was ordained Feb. 19, 1835. 
During this year he commenced a course of study 
in Greek, theology, etc., under the late Rev. Dr. 
W. T. Brantly, Sr., of Philadelphia, which was 
perseveringly continued, with other duties, for sev- 
eral years. 

In May, 1834, Mr. Young began preaching at 
Chestnut Hill as an out-statfon. There was no 
Baptist church nearer than Roxborough. As- 
sisted by the pastor of that church, — the Rev. D. 
A. Nichols, — evening meetings were held during 
the month of August. 

After ten evenings thus spent, eleven persons 



YOUNG 



1287 



YOUNG 



related their " experience" and were baptized, 
Miss M. A. Gilbert, now Mrs. Young, her father, 
the late honored Deacon Israel Gilbert, her mother 
and brother, the late Dr. Jonathan Gilbert, being 
among the candidates. 

From these meetings the Chestnut Hill Baptist 
church was summoned into life, and recognized 
Sept. 17, 1834, of which Mr. Young took charge 
Jan. 1, 1835. This pastorate was continued for 
fourteen years. Here he first developed to all that 
became acquainted with him his now well-known 
character, — that "of a man above reproach or 
doubt," — of pure, humble, prayerful, consistent, 
and earnest life. 

His labors during this period were abundant in 
his own parish and in several outlying stations. 
In 1835, by his exertions and by the liberality of 
his father-in-law, Deacon Gilbert, amid much op- 
position, the Baptist meeting-house of Chestnut 
Hill was built. For about eighteen months, while 
laboring in Chestnut Hill, Mr. Young preached 
for the church at Mount Pleasant, and during that 
time its membership was doubled. About this time 
also he held Sabbath afternoon and week-day even- 
ing services in the Mennonite chapel and elsewhere 
at Germantown, which resulted in the first baptism 
there, that of a Mrs. Fisher, of School Lane, who 
afterwards united with the church at " the Hill." 
For four years he alternated with the Rev. Horatio 
G. Jones, D.D., in supplying the church at Balli- 
gomingo on Sundtiy afternoons, and in adminis- 
tering the ordinances. Subsequently, Mr. Young 
began preaching on Lord's day afternoons, and oc- 
casionally during the week, in the " school-house" 
at Cold Point, in Plymouth, Montgomery Co. By 
subscriptions, which he obtained, he bought a lot, 
and built the first house of worship there, bap- 
tizing about forty converts, who retained their 
membership at Chestnut Hill until the Plymouth 
church was organized. In April, 1838, Mr. Young 
had the privilege of baptizing the first seven per- 
sons at the Falls of Schuylkill, the germ of the 
present church there. On the 20th of May, 1845, 
Mr. Young baptized Christopher Carr, aged one 
hundred and one years, a veteran of the Revolu- 
tion, and, at the same time, his great-granddaugh- 
ter, aged eleven years, while, on another occasion, 
he administered the rite to a household, consist- 
ing of Capt. John Hunston, his wife, and four 
daughters. 

On the 1st of October, 1849, Mr. Young removed 
to the First Baptist church of Salera, N. J., where 
he had a successful pastorate of five years. The 
church was much strengthened, and 101 persons 
were added by baptism. Through his efforts most 
of the debt then remaining on the church edifice 
was paid, and by his suggestion an attempt was 
made, by the call of a convention, to establish a 



school " of higher grade" within the jurisdiction 
and under the control of the AYest Jersey Baptist 
Association. 

In April, 1852, an educational committee was 
appointed, the rear lecture-room of the Salem 
church was fitted up for school purposes, and, dur- 
ing the first year, sixty pupils were in attendance. 
Soon, however, this promising enterprise, so dear 
to the heart of its moving spirit, was for the time 
abandoned : but it was again renewed in 1865, and 
became the flourishing South Jersey Institute, lo- 
cated at Bridgeton. 

Mr. Young remained at Salem until October, 
1854, when he returned to Chestnut Hill, and re- 
built their present neat meeting-house, and gath- 
ered the scattered flock. 

In March, 1859, at the request of the Baptist 
Committee on City Missions, he left " the Hill," 
and went to the nineteenth ward, Philadelphia, 
and the following May organized the present 
Frankford Avenue Baptist church, with twenty-six 
constituent members. Here he remained till De- 
cember, 1861, when the church numbered 125. 

On the 1st of January, 1862, he took charge of 
the church at Iladdonfield, N. J. In this exten- 
sive field he has since labored with the most sub- 
stantial success. The church property has been 
greatly improved, a debt resting upon it liquidated, 
and an elegant parsonage provided. To the single 
Lord's day school, held in the lecture-room of the 
church, five mission schools, at various points, have 
been added, and they are all flourishing, while more 
than 300 converts have been baptized. 

Outside of the church, too, here, as in his other 
parishes, his influence for good has developed itself 
in various ways, but in none, perhaps, more prom- 
inently than as the ever outspoken and uncompro- 
mising foe of the demon of intemperance. 

As a preacher, Mr. Young is one of a type too 
fast passing away. His sermons evince careful 
preparation, abound in Scriptural quotations, and, 
though intensely Baptistic, are full of generous 
sentiments to men of different opinions from his 
own. His voice is pleasantly modulated, his enun- 
ciation clear, and his manner in the pulpit is sol- 
emn and impressive. He has now spent about 
forty-eight years in the pastoral office, baptizing 
more than twenty converts in each year of his 
ministry. " He is still," in the words of a brother 
clergyman, " vigilant and earnest in the Masters 
service, and with little apparent abatement of his 
early vigor for the work he so much loves." 

Young, William Mcintosh, D.D., was a na- 
tive of Edinburgh, Scotland. At a very early age 
he was brought to this country by an uncle, who 
resided at Prince Edward Island, and with whom 
he remained but a short time, as he soon learned 
that it was the intention of his uncle to have him 



ZEALY 



1288 



ZION'S ADVOCATE 



trained for the Catholic priesthood. Filled with 
disgust, he left him to dwell among strangers. 
Finding his way to Providence, R. I., he was soon 
converted and baptized. He believed that he was 
called of God to preach Christ, and at the Ac- 
ademical School in Worcester, Mass., he prepared 
himself to enter Columbian College, from which 
he graduated with honor, and was chosen class 
orator. His first charge was near Norfolk, Va. 



From this place he removed to Williamsburg, 
Va., and afterwards to Wilmington, N. C. Leav- 
ing the South, he came to Pittsburgh, Pa., where 
he remained several years. Spent one year in Oil 
City, Pa., two years in Woburn, Mass., and, after 
a pastorate of nearly four years in Meadville, Pa., 
he was called to Cheyenne, Wyoming, where, after 
organizing a church, he was suddenly called to his 
reward Feb. 20, 1879. 



Z. 



Zealy, J. T., D.D., late pastor at Jackson, Miss., 
was born in South Carolina in 1830; educated in 
the Military School of South Carolina; ordained 
at Beaufort in 1851 ; was some time pastor at Tal- 
ahassee, Fla. ; Cheraw, S. C. ; five years pastor at 
Columbia, S. C. ; during the war was president of 
several female colleges; in 1868 became pastor at 
Houston, Texas, where he continued seven years ; 
was then called to Jackson, Miss., where he con- 
tinued until recently. 

Zion's Advocate, a weekly religious paper, the 
organ of the Baptist denomination in the State of 
Maine. The first number of this paper was pub- 
lished Nov. 11, 1828, under the editorial manage- 
ment of Rev. Adam Wilson, who, with great cour- 
age and self-denial, conducted its affairs for ten 
years. It then came into the hands of Rev. Joseph 
Ricker, whose connection with it continued until 
Dec. 27, 1842, when Dr. Wilson resumed the edi- 
torial chair, having asassistant Rev. Lewis Colby, 
at the time pastor of the Free Street church in 
Portland. Mr. Colby held this relation a few 
months only, and until the paper Was sold, in 1848, 
Dr. Wilson was sole editor. The Advocate having 
been purchased by Mr., now Prof., S. K. Smith, 
of Colby University, the first number under his 
management was issued Sept. 1, 1848, and the 
paper was enlarged to seven columns instead of 
six, and was called Zion^s Advocate and Eastern 
Watchman, the name which it now bears. Mr. 
Smith held his office until his election to a profes- 
sorship in AVaterville College, when the paper came 
into the hands of Mr., now Prof, J. B. Foster, who 



had charge of it for eight years, when Ms election 
to a professorship in Waterville College led to his 
resignation and the transfer by purchase to Rev. 
W. H. Shailer, D.D., then pastor of the First Bap- 
tist church in Portland. Mr. J. W. Colard was 
associate editor with Dr. Shailer during nearly the 
entire period of the latter gentleman's connection 
with the paper. The office of the Advocate was 
burned at the time of the great fire in Portland, 
July 4, 1866. Fortunately, the paper of that week 
had been sent out, and the next week a small sheet 
was issued. The paper resumed its old size the 
week following. Thus there has been no break in 
the weekly issue of the paper since its commence- 
ment in 1828. The present editor and proprietor. 
Rev. Henry S. Burrage, a graduate of Brown Uni- 
versity of the class of 1861, purchased the paper 
from Rev. Dr. Shailer in September, 1873, and en- 
tered upon his editorial duties October 22 of that 
year. In April, 1877, the paper was enlarged to 
its present eight-column size, and it has entered 
upon the second half-century of its existence, 
taking a place among the best denominational pa- 
pers in the country. It has had, and now has, a 
valuable class of contributors to its pages. The 
influence it has had in the enlargement and eleva- 
tion of the Baptist churches in Maine has been 
very great. While kind and courteous in spirit, 
it has unflinchingly maintained what it has sin- 
cerely believed was " the faith once delivered to the 
saints." Conducted in the same spirit, for the 
future it will continue to be worthy of the best 
patronage the Baptists of Maipe can give to it. 



SUPPLEMENT. 



Alderson, Rev. John, was born in Yorkshire, 
England, in 1699. His father, Rev. John Aider- 
son, was a minister of respectable standing in 
his denomination. Ilis son, the subject of this 
notice, was a wayward youth, and, at the age of 
nineteen or twenty, came to America on board a 
British man-of-war. Locating in New Jersey, near 
the old Bethlehem church, he worked in the field for 
a respectable farmer by the name of Curtis, whose 
favor he secured, and whose daughter he married. 

Having embraced the Saviour in the fullness of 
his heart, he was baptized, and received into the 
Bethlehem church. Possessing u clear intellect 
and a heart deeply imbued by divine grace, he 
was encouraged to give himself to the ministry of 
the Word. At length he was sent forth as a 
herald of the Cross by his church. 

Thomas IloUis, of London, who was noted in his 
day for aiding Baptist ministers with good books, 
had presented Rev. John Alderson, of Yorkshire, 
with several volumes, among which were " Keach 
on the Parables,'' " Keaeh on Scripture Meta- 
phors,': large folio, and ''Cottin's Concordance," 
quarto, London, 1635. The aged father sent these 
books to his son as an evidence of his inexpressible 
pleasure in learning that he had changed his man- 
ner of life and was now a preacher of the gospel. 
Mr. Alderson removed to Germantown, and here 
continued in the ministry until 1755. when he lo- 
cated in Rockingliam Co., Va. 

This frontier country had been previously vis- 
ited by himself, Benjamin Griffith, Samuel Eaton, 
and John Gano. On the urgent solicitation of the 
few brethren there Mr. Alderson was induced to 
settle as their preacher, and on the 6th of August, 
1756, he was instrumental in organizing them into 
a church, called Smith's and Linville Creek church. 

A little Baptist church, which became extinct, 
existed in the Isle of Wight County in 1714. The 
Opeckon was constituted, in Berkeley County, in 
1743, and this church, constituted by Mr. Aider- 
son, was the third that had a name in the State of 
Virginia. Though twice dispersed by the inroads 
of the Indians, "after two or three years," says 
82 



Semple, the historian, '• they rallied again, and put 
their church matters in regular order. On the 12th 
1 of October, 1762, Mr. Alderson attended the meet- 
! ingof the Philadelphia Association, when hischurch 
1 was received as a member of that body." Subse- 
quently, Mr. Alderson removed to Botetourt Co., 
' Va. Like many of the early Baptist ministers of 
that State, he did not escape persecution. He was 
mprisoned in the jail at Fincastle. He died in 1781, 
n the eighty-third year of his age, and was buried 
n the grave-yard of his neighborhood, afterwards 
abandoned and overgrown with tall oaks, with 
neither hillock nor stone to mark his i-esting-place. 

Alexander, Rev. John, was bom -Jan. 30, 1829, 

in the city of Quebec. His parents, who were 




1 REV. JOHN ALEXANDER. 

I Scotch Presbyterians, died when he was yet an in- 
! font. Converted in 1845, he at once consecrated 
! himself to God for the ministry, and in 1846 he en- 
1289 



ALLISON 



ARNOLD 



tered Knox College (Presbyterian), Toronto, where 
he completed the course of five years then pre- 
scribed, with a partial attendance at King's (now 
University) College. In 1851 he was ordained pas- 
tor of the Free Presbyterian church, Niagara, On- 
tario. From thence, in 1864, he removed to Brant- 
ford, where he formed what is now known as Zion 
Presbyterian church, and secured the erection of 
the fine edifice owned by that body. "While in 
Brantford, in obedience to Christ and conscience, 
he left the Presbyterian communion, and was bap- 
tized, in December, 1860, by the late Dr. Fyfe, be- 
coming a member and, in a few weeks, pastor of 
the First Baptist church. In 1863 he was called 
to the First church, Montreal, where he remained 
seven years, when he returned to Brantford, and 
aided in forming the Tabernacle Baptist church. 
Five years later he took charge of another new in- 
terest in the same city, now the East Ward church. 
He subsequently spent a short time in advocating 
the cause of the Grand Ligne Mission, three months 
with the church in Ottawa, 111., and a year and a 
half as pastor in Simcoe, Ontario. He entered 
upon his present pastorate at Brockville, Ontario, 
in response to a twice-repeated call. Mr. Alexan- 
der is one of the most useful and honored men in 
the Baptist ministry in Canada. His work in 
Brantford and Montreal was specially fruitful, and 
laid the foundation of much of the present prosper- 
ity of the cause in those cities. For seven years he 
was secretary of the Eastern Home Missionary Con- 
vention and of the Sunday-School Union, and pi-esi- 
dent of the Grande Ligne Mission, in which objects 
he took a very deep and practical interest. 

Allison, Rev. J. V., of Pawnee Rock, Kansas, 
was born in 1815, in Western Pennsylvania ; edu- 
cated at Philadelphia, and oi-dained in 1840, and 
settled as pastor at Willistown. His next charge 
was that of Vincent Baptist church at Chester 
Springs, in the same county. From his pastorate 
at Vincent he was called by the board of the Penn- 
sylvania Baptist Convention to serve as financial 
agent, and two years later was appointed by the 
board of trustees of the university at Lewisburg 
financial agent of that institution. After two years 
of service on behalf of the university he accepted 
a call from the Blockley Baptist church, Philadel- 
phia, from which he removed to Mount Carroll, 
111., and labored in the northern part of the State 
as missionary and pastor for a period of twenty- 
four years, organizing three churches and building 
four meeting-houses. In 1874, entirely prostrated 
physically, and with but faint hope of ever being 
able to labor in the ministry again, he resigned 
his charge, and the following year removed to his 
present location in the Arkansas Valley, Kansas. 
But the change of climate wonderfully restored his 
health, and he is now (April, 1881) actively en- 



gaged in the work of the ministry under the patron- 
age of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, 
having four young churches — Raymond, Pawnee 
Rock, Earned, and Walnut — under his charge, 
three of which, and one other, having been organ- 
ized under his labors. 

Alward, Rev. Ephraim, was born in New 

Brunswick, June 2, 1830. His parents removed to 
Ohio in his infancy, and he was converted at four- 
teen. At the age of eighteen he removed to St. 
Joseph, Mo., where he was baptized in January, 
1849. Soon after this he entered William Jewell 
College, Mo., from which he graduated in 1855. 
About the time of leaving college he was ordained. 
He removed to Kansas in January, 1858, and was 
the first Baptist minister that located in Northeast 
Kansas, and for four consecutive years was the 
itinerant missionary of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society in that region. He has been pas- 
tor of the Baptist churches at Springfield, Mo., at 
Red Oak, Iowa, and in Kansas at Burlingame, To- 
peka, Hiawatha, and Wathena. 

Arnold, Hon. Welcome, was born in Smith- 
field, R. I., Feb. 5, 1745. He took up his residence 
in Providence, where he commenced business as a 
commission merchant. His industry and ability 
arrested the attention of President Manning, of 
Brown University, in whose church — the First 
Baptist — he was a worshiper. As the war of the 
Revolution came on, Mr. Arnold being now alone 
in business, began to develop still more strikingly 
his talents as a merchant. He entered into navi- 
gation extensively, and was so largely interested in 
the ownership of vessels that it is said that, although 
he accumulated a handsome fortune as the result 
of his enterprise, thirty vessels were captured by 
the British or lost in some way during the period 
of the war of each of which he was a part owner. 
He represented the town several years in the Gen- 
eral Assembly, and four times was elected Speaker 
of the house. Had he chosen he might, without 
doubt, have been elected governor of the State. 
For this position, however, he had no special am- 
bition, his large business requiring so much atten- 
tion that he could not command the time to attend 
to the duties of the office. Although not a mem- 
ber of the church, Mr. Arnold was a decided and 
pronounced Baptist, and liberally contributed, 
like his fellow-merchants of the Brown family, in 
sustaining public worship in the new sanctuary, in 
the erection of which he took a deep interest. He 
was a personal friend of b»th President Manning 
and President Maxcy, and gave generously to the 
funds of Brown University, of which he was a 
trustee from 1783 to his death, which occurred 
Sept. 30, 1798. Among his descendants may be 
mentioned the name of his grandson, the late Hon. 
S. G. Arnold, a sketch of whose life may be found 



ARTHUR 



BEUGLESS 



in the " Encyclopaedia." Among the Baptist lay- 
men of Rhode Island he takes a worthy place, and 
his nieniovy is respected in his adopted home. 

Arthur, William, D.D., was horn in County 
Antrim, of Scotch-Irish stock, a people whose 
<lescendants have given the United States several 
])residents, many valiant soldiers, and hosts of 
useful citizens. Mr. Arthur was a graduate of 
Belfast College. He came to the United States in 
his eighteenth year, and entered the Baptist min- 
istry. From 1855 to 1863 he was pastor of the 
Calvary church in New York. He served the 
churches at Bennington, Hineshurg, Fairfield, and 
Willistown, Vt. ; and at York, Perry, Greenwich, 
Schenectady, Lansingburg, Hoosic, West Troy, 
and Newtonville, N. Y., where he died in October, 
1875. Dr. Arthur was an author of extensive 
learning, and a minister of great usefulness and 
piety. His distinguished son, Chester A. Arthur, 
is now President of the United States. 



Asplund, Rev. John, was born In Sweden ; came 
to England in 1775 ; was in the British navy for 
some time, from which he deserted, and settled in 
North Carolina. He joined the Baptist cluu'ch at 
Ballard's Bridge, Chowan Co., in 1782; removed 
to Southampton, Va., and was ordained. In 1791- 
94 he published his first and second " Baptist Reg- 
ister." In these two productions he treasured up 
invaluable statistics of the Baptist denomination. 
Morgan Edwards, Isaac Backus, R. B. Seniple, and 
John Asplund ai-e the greatest literary benefactors 
of American Baptists. He says "he made a tour 
of the Baptist ciiurches to obtain the necessary in- 
formation (for his work). He traveled about 7000 
miles in about eighteen months, chiefly on foot, 
and visited about 215 churches and fifteen Associa- 
tions." (Introduction to his '" Register" for 1791.) 
He was drowned in Fishing Creek, Va., in 1807, 
while attempting to cross it. The literary work 
of this Swedish-American is rare and costly. 



B. 



Balcom, Eev. Georg'e, was born at Oxford, 
Chenango Co., N. Y., and was a brother of the late 
Hon. Ransom Balcom, of Bingham ton, and of Rev. 
B. F. Balcom, of Steuben Co., N. Y. Converted 
after he had reached the maturity of early man- 
hood and assumed the responsibilities of life, he 
gave himself to the ministry with all the ardor of 
his large heart. 

In his native State he labored with marked suc- 
cess, especially as an evangelist. Removing to 
Kansas in 1870, he devoted himself to the Master's 
Avork with his accustomed zeal, aiding pastors in 
special meetings and laboring with much self-de- ! 
nial among the feeble churches and in the destitute : 
regions on the frontier. During his ministry of i 
twenty-seven years he baptized more than 2000, j 
and several converted under his labors are now | 
preaching the gospel. He died in Cawker City, j 
Kansas, Dec. 21, 1879, in his fifty-seventh' year. j 

Berry, Rev. Philip, was bom near Hacken- | 
sack, N. J., Feb. 16, 1837. His parents were of i 
Huguenotic descent (Berri and Romeyn), and were 
strict members of the Reformed Dutch Church. He 
graduated at Rutgers College, N. J., in 1857, and 
at the Theological Seminary in that place in 1860. 
During his theological course he paid a visit to 
Germany, and on his return was shipwrecked by 
the burning of the steamer "Austria," of the 
Hamburg line, in which catastrophe 600 persons 
perished and but 88 were saved. The shock re- 



ceived by this accident was so severe that he never 
recovered from it. His first settlement after grad- 
uation was at Grand Rapids, Mich. In 1863 he 
was commissioned by the American Board as a 
missionary to Syria. Here he labored for two 
years, greatly enjoying the work ; besides ac- 
quiring the Arabic language, he laid in stores of 
knowledge of the greatest value in Scriptural in- 
terpretation. But owing to the enervating effect 
of the climate, both upon himself and upon Mrs. 
Berry, they returned to this country in the autumn 
of 18G5. For six years after this he labored in 
preaching and teaching among the Pedobaptists. 
At length his views on baptism, which for twelve 
or fifteen years had caused him grave doubts and 
difficulties, were submitted to the test of Scripture 
alone, and he was baptized into the fellowship of 
the Second Baptist church, Worcester, Mass., in 
February, 1872. After laboring in Massachusetts 
for five years in preaching the gospel, he was 
chosen assistant editor of the National Baptist in 
the spring of 1878. His special work on the paper 
is the conducting of the Bible School and the Litei-- 
ary Department. 

Mr. Berry is a man of devoted piety, and of 
great usefulness. 

Beugless, Rev. J. D., was born in Delaware 
Co., Pa., Oct. 18, 1836. In his eighteenth year, 
his father having removed to Philadelphia, he be- 
came acquainted with the Baptists, and he was so 



SEVAN 



129-2 



BUCHAN 



thoroughly convinced of the harmony of their prin- 
ciples with divine revelation that the following 
year, upon a profession of foith, he was baptized 
into the fellowship of the Eleventh Baptist church, 
Philadelphia. In 1856 he entered the university 
at Lewisburg, from which he graduated in 1860. 

After leaving the university he was for a time 
an assistant to the editor of the Christian Chron- 
icle, the Baptist paper of Pennsylvania. Subse- 
quently he was ordained as pastor of the Pawtuxet 
church of Rhode Island. Then' he served as chap- 
lain of the 2d R. I. Infantry until wounded in the 
battle of the Wilderness. He was mustered out of 
the volunteer service with his regiment in June, 
1864, and was commissioned by President Lincoln 
a chaplain in the navy July 2, 1864, which position 
he still holds. He has seen active service in peace 
and war in almost all the lands and waters of the 
globe. He participated in the two assaults on Fort 
Fisher. 

He is president of the Association of Naval Chap- 
lains of the United States, an organization having 
for its object the increased efficiency of the corps. 

Chaplain Beugless has culture, intellect, and 
piety ; he is fitted by character, genius, and broad 
education for any position in his profession on sea 
or on land. 

Sevan, Isaac, D.D., was bom in South Wales, 
Jan. 27, 1811. He was converted at seventeen and 
baptized ; commenced preaching at nineteen ; was 
ordained at twenty-one, and immediately left for 
this country. His parents were worthy members 
of the Baptist Church. 

Very soon after his arrival in this country he 
went to Cold Spring, N. Y. His first pastorate 
was in Fishkill Plains, and continued seven years. 
In connection with his labors on this field he did 
considerable work that was blessed of God at Red 
Mills, Carmel, Patterson, Stanford, Pine Plains, 
Amenia, Pleasant Valley, Matteawan, and Wap- 
pinger's Falls. In connection with these labors 
the following churches were organized : Cold 
Spring, Putnam Valley, Matteawan, Wappinger's 
Falls, and Beekman. After this he was pastor at 
Amenia two years : at Rhinebeck and Tivoli nearly 
six, and at Hamilton two. 

In the State of Pennsylvania his pastorates have 
been at Reading, eight years; at Scranton, ten 
years; at Clark's Green and Hyde Park, ten years. 
For part of two years he was corresponding secre- 
tary of the Pennsylvania Baptist State Convention. 

Few men have prized more highly the privilege 
of preaching the gospel. His courteous bearing 
towards all Christians of whatever name, coupled 
with an unflinching adherence to truth, endeared 
him to thousands who listened to his preaching. 

Binga, Rev. A., Jr., was born June 1, 1843, at 
Amherstburg, Ontario, Dominion of Canada. He 



is the son of a Baptist minister who was one of 
the fathers of the Baptist churches in that region' 
After pursuing his studies at King's Institute, On- 
tario, he spent several years in studying medicine. 
He was baptized in February, 1867, licensed to 
preach in the following April, and ordained in Sep- 
tember. In 1868 he became principal of the Al- 
bany Enterprise Academy in Ohio, in connection 
with which position he preached regularly every 
Sunday. In 1872 he accepted the pastorate of the 
Baptist church in Manchester, Chesterfield Co., Va., 
and for nine years has been most successful in his 
labors. During this period he has b.aptized .544 
persons. On three difi'erent occasions he had the 
pleasure of baptizing over 120 candidates, and at 
one time baptized 128 persons in fifty-five minutes. 
Mr. Binga has a wide field of usefulness. He has 
served as principal of the colored school in Man- 
chester, as recording secretary of the Baptist State 
Convention, as secretary of the Baptist State Sun- 
day-School Convention, and chairman of the For- 
eign Mission Board. He has written considera- 
bly as associate editor of several pnpers, and as 
contributor to the columns of the Religious Herald. 
He is a good preacher, a judicious counselor, a 
warm friend of higher education, earnestly inter- 
ested in all movements which have for their object 
the advancement of the intei-ests of the denomina- 
tion, and is highly esteemed by the colored Baptists 
of Virginia. 

Blackall, Clarence H., was born in New York 
City in 1856 ; was graduated after a full course in 
architecture in the Illinois Industrial University 
under Dr. John M. Gregory; spent two years in 
Paris in Ecole des Beaux Arts under the celebrated 
architect M. Andre. AVhile in Paris he was an 
efficient laborer in the American chapel, and cor- 
responded with marked ability for the Standard, 
of Chicago, the National Baptist, of Philadelphia, 
and the Examiner and Chronicle, of New York. 
He gives promise of success in his profession and 
usefulness in his church. 

Broadus, Hon. Edmund, Culpeper Co., Va., 
long a prominent member of the Virginia Legisla- 
ture, and a very influential layman in the Shiloh 
Association ; a wise, good, and useful man ; elder 
brother of William F. and Andrew Broaddus, and 
father of James M. and John A. Broadus. (The 
name is contracted from Broadhurst, which is now 
pronounced so in London.) 

Buchau, David, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, 
March 3, 1807. He was flescended from a long 
line of pious ancestors, a line which included 
Ebenezer Erskine, one of the founders of the 
United Presbyterian Church of Scotland. His 
father was an elder in a Scotch Baptist church. 
He was educated for the legal pi-ofession, but re- 
linquished it. When quite a youth he was con- 



BUCHAN 



1293 



BUCKNER 



verted and baptized. In 1834 he emigrated to 
Canada, and settled near the town of Paris, where 
he was instrumental in organizing a Baptist church. 
The beautiful edifice in which this church now 
worships was erected at hi& sole cost in 1864. In 
J 849 he removed to Toronto, and started a weekly 
Baptist newspaper, — The Pioneer. Two years after 
he was appointed by the government bursar of 
Toronto University and Colleges, an office which 
lie held until his death. For many years a mem- 
ber of Bond Street Baptist church, Toronto, he at 
length left it, with others, to form a new church in 
Yorkville, of which he was the senior deacon and 
principal supporter. He was also for several years 
superintendent of the Sunday-school. By his re- 
moval the various denominational societies in the 
pi'ovince of Ontario lost an earnest advocate, a 
generous contributor, and a wise counselor. An 
ardent, loyal Baptist, he was also a friend to the 
cause of evangelical religion by whomsoever repre- 
sented. At the time of his death, Oct. 17, 1877, he 
was president (for the third time) of the Home Mis- 
sion Convention of Ontario. He was smitten with 
apoplexy on his own threshold, as he was starting 
out to attend a meeting of the board. 

Buchan, Humphry Ewing, M.A., H.D., son 
of David Buchan, was born atBraeside, near Paris, 
Ontario, May 20, 1842. He graduated B.A. in the 
University of Toronto in 1864, and M.B. in medi- 
cine at the same university in 1867, and subse- 
quently spent two years at the leading hospitals 
of London and Glasgow. While in Scotland he 
passed the examination and received the license of 
the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, and 
the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow. 
He is consulting physician to the Hospital for 
Sick Children, Toronto, and physician to Toronto 
General Hospital. He is also the representative 
of Toronto University on the Council of the Col- 
lege of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. 

Dr. Buchan was baptized by the Rev. Dr. Caldi- 
cott in 1863. In 1877 he was elected deacon of 
the Jarvis Street church, Toronto. He was super- 
intendent of the Sunday-school from 1877 to 1880, 
when he resigned on account of professional duties. 
He was president of the Baptist Missionary Con- 
vention of Ontario in 1877-78. He is one of the 
trustees of the Toronto Baptist College, and treas- 
urer of the Baptist Union of Canada. For two 
years he was managing editor of the Christian 
Helper, which he was mainly instrumental in start- 
ing. No layman as young as Di-. Buchan is better 
known or more deservedly popular in his native 
province. 

Buck, William, was born in Ancaster, Ontario, 
Aug. 22, 1828. He was trained in the public 
schools. At the present time (1881) he is one of 
the largest manufacturers in the Dominion. He is 



identified with many enterprises of a national, lit- 
erary, and religious character, and supports every- 
thing that seems to promise the welfare of society. 
He is president of the Brantford Board of Trade, a 
director of the Royal Loan Society, the Brantford 
Young Ladies' College, and the Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association of Brantford. He is one of the 
trustees of the Tabernacle Baptist church, of which 
he was one of the earliest members, and also of the 
Canadian Literary Institute, Woodstock, and of 
the Toronto Baptist College. In 1869-70 he was 
president of the Baptist Missionary Convention of 
Ontario. Mr. Buck is an earnest, practical Chris- 
tian, a liberal giver, and a wise counselor. He is 
one of the pillars of the denomination in Canada. 

Buckner, Rev. Daniel, was born in Laurens 
District, S. C, Sept. 30, 1801. His father re- 
moved, in 1807, to East Tennessee. In the spring 
of 1816 the Spirit led him to Christ, and he was 
baptized into the fellowship of Lick Creek, now 
Warrensburg, church, Greene Co. He was or- 
dained in 1827. He labored extensively in Ten- 
nessee and Kentucky, traveling in all directions 
and for long distances to tell the story of the Cross. 
He possessed apostolic zeal, self-denial, and suc- 
cess. In the beginning of the war he removed to 
Texas, where he still lives, feeble with age and 
full of hope, and where God has also blessed his 
labors. 

He preached for fifty years, and baptized 2500 
persons. Of the 5000 converted under his minis- 
try, twenty-five of those whom he immersed became 
ministers of the gospel. The distinguished Indian 
missionary and the able editor of The Texas Baptist 
are his sons. 

Buckner, H. F., D.D., resides atEufaula, Creek 
Nation. He is a man of consuming zeal, of more 
than ordinary natural ability, and of great perse- 
verance. He was born Dec. 18, 1818, near New- 
port, East Tenn. He "was converted when a small 
boy, and united with the Baptist church at Madi- 
sonville, Tenn., in 1832, being baptized by his own 
father. In 1835 he entered the Southwestern 
Theological Seminary, where he remained three 
years. He went to Alabama in 1838, and en- 
gaged in teaching. From early youth it had been 
his desire to preach, but it was not until his resi- 
dence in Alabama that he consented to enter the 
ministry. Licensed in 1839, he was soon after or- 
dained, and took charge of four churches, at the 
same time continuing his studies in the University 
of Alabama. In the mean time his parents had 
removed to Kentucky, where he rejoined them in 
1841. He became a State missionary of the Gen- 
eral Association of Kentucky, and labored with 
great success, chiefly in Greenup and the adjoining 
counties. In 1848 he became a missionary to the 
Indians, under the auspices of the American Indian 



BUTLER 



1294 



CABANISS 



Mission Association, whose board resided at Louis- 
ville, Ky., and when the liabilities and assets of that 
board were transferred to the Domestic and Indian 
Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Conven- 
tion, in 1855, he became the missionary of that 
Convention, and has continued this relation until 
the present time. The honorary degree of D.D. 
was conferred upon him by Baylor University. 

Wherever he has been engaged Dr. Buckner has 
been successful ; but it is by his labors as an In- 
dian missionary that he is best known to the de- 
nomination. Among the Indians he is exceedingly 
popular, and he wields a great influence over them. 
He is the author of a Creek grammar, and has 
translated the gospel by John into the Creek lan- 
guage, besides which he has compiled a Creek 
hymn-book. Acting mostly as a superintendent of 
missions, he has been, and still continues to be, an 
exceedingly useful missionary among the Indians 
of the West. (See article on Indian Missions.) I 

Butler, Rev. John, was born in Nottingham 
West, N. II., April 13, 1789, and hopefully con- I 
verted at the age of fourteen, under the preaching i 
of Rev. Thomas Paul. On Oct. 6, 1806, he united j 
with the church in Newbury and Newburyport, j 
Mass. He was licensed to preach in April, 1809, I 
and in 1810 ordained pastor of the church in Han- 
over, Mass., where he remained fourteen years. He 
then removed to Waterville, Me., where he estab- 
lished a school for young ladies, meanwhile preach- 
ing most of the time ; during his fourteen months' 
residence in this place, he baptized sixty persons. 
His next settlement was in East Winthrop, where 
he commenced his labors in May, 1825, devoting a 
part of his time to teaching. Here he remained 
six years. On the 8th of May, 1831, he began his , 
pastorate in North Yarmouth, where he continued 
until Oct. 15, 1835, and then accepted an agency I 
from the State Convention, to preach for feeble 
churches and in destitute sections of Maine. This j 
position he held for nearly two years. The next \ 
ten years-of his life were spent in doing the woi-k ^ 
of an. evangelist, preaching wherever the provi- 
dence of God called him. During this period he j 
was engaged in eighteen revivals of religion, in i 



which it is estimated that about 1200 persons were 
hopefully converted. In the year 1854, several of 
his children having established homes in Ohio and 
Kentucky, Mr. Butler removed to that part of the 
country. The state of his health was such that 
he was unable to preach much. The last baptismal 
service which he performed was in Middletown, 0., 
the candidates being his three grandchildren. lie 
died at the home of his son Charles, in Franklin, 
0., July 1, 1856. During his forty-eight years in 
the ministry he labored in as many as forty-two 
revivals, the first and the last being with the 
church where he was first settled, in Hanover, 
Mass. 

Butler, Nathaniel, D.D., was born in Water- 
ville, Me., Oct. 19, 1824 ; was fitted for college at 
the Yarmouth, Me., xicademy ; spent the first three 
years of his college course at Georgetown College. 
and was a graduate of what is now Colby Univer- 
sity in the class of 1842. His ordination took place 
at Turner, Me., Oct. 28, 1845. Here he remained 
nearly five years, — 1845-50, — when he became 
agent of the Missionary Union for Maine and East- 
ern Massachusetts, resigning in the fall of 18.50 
to take the pastorate of the church in Eastport, 
Me., where he remained till Sept. 3, 1859. Fromi 
June 14, 1860, to May 10, 1863, he was pastor 
at Auburn ; from 1864 to 1869, at Camden ; front 
1869 to 1872, at Albion, 111.; from 1872 to No- 
vember, 1873, at Leavenworth, Kansas; froiu 
November, 1873, to Oct. 1, 1876, at Second church 
in Bangor, Me. ; from November, 1873, to October^ 
1876, at Dexter ; from April, 1877, to April, 
1878, at North Yassalborough : and at Ilallowell 
from April, 1880, to April, 1881. He represented 
Yassalborough and Windsor in the State Legis- 
lature of 1880. He was the private secretary of 
Yice-President Hamlin from 1861 to March 4, 
1865. Dr. Butler received the degree of D.D. 
from his alma.mafer, of which institution he has 
been a trustee since 1856, in the year 1873. In 
addition to his labors as a pastor he has, through 
the whole period of his ministry, performed much 
labor as an evangelist in Maine, Massachusetts, 
Illinois, and Kansas. 



O. 



Cabaniss, Judge E. G., was born in Jasper 
Co., Ga., in 1805, and died suddenly at Atlanta in 
1871. After completing a course at Harvard Col- 
lege, in 1822, he was called to the bar in Georgia, 
and rose to be one of the most eminent judges in 



the State. He settled in Forsyth, Monroe Co., and 
was elected county clerk in 1826, retaining the 
ofiBce twent3'-five years. He was also clerk of the 
Court of Ordinary for the same length of time. 
He was elected clerk of the house of representa- 



CAIRNS 



1295 



CATER 



tives, in the Legislature, in 1840, and in 1857 was 
appointed judge of the Flint circuit, which position 
he held until 1861 with distinguished credit to 
himself. He was elected State senator in 1862 ; 
he was also appointed Confederate States tax col- 
lector and conniiissioner for Georgia, retaining the 
position honorably until the close of the war. In 
1865 he was a member of the State constitutional 
convention, and in the autumn of the same year 
was elected to Congress. Early in the year 1871 
he was appointed by the governor auditor of the 
State road, called the " Western and Atlantic Rail- 
road," and removed his ftimily from Forsyth to 
Atlanta, where he suddenly expired. Judge Ca- 
baniss united with the Baptists in 1836, and was a 
man of deep piety, and of great faithfulness to 
Christ. He assisted in organizing the Southern 
Baptist Convention, in May, 1845, and for many 
years was a trustee of Mercer University. A 
strong temperance man, a bright Mason, and a 
conspicuous example of uprightness, honor, and 
integrity. In his death Georgia lost one of her 
noblest citizens and most reliable counselors, in 
whose heart thei'e was no guile. 

Cairns, Rev. James, was born in Scotland, 
April 9, 1824. At fifteen he was converted and 
united with the Presb3'terian Church. In the sum- 
mer of 1849 he came to America. After living some 
time in New York he removed to Zanesville, 0. 
At this period the Baptists were engaged in erecting 
a house of worship, and the pastor. Rev. D. E. 
Thomas, came to Mr. Cairns and asked for a contri- 
bution ; he replied that he could give no assistance j 
to such bigoted people as the Baptists, for afthough j 
they admitted that others were on the way to 
heaven, yet they would not admit members of 
other "churches to the Loi-d's Supper. Mr. Thomas j 
defended his principles, and as the subject turned , 
upon baptism, it was arranged that they should 
hold a discussion iit the home of Mr. Cairns, and j 
that the Bible should be the only authority used. I 
While engaged in preparing for it, Mr. Cairns, [ 
much against his will, was convinced that immer- | 
sion is the only Bible mode of baptism. Mrs. ] 
Cairns, who was assisting her husband in his re- ' 
searches, came to the same conclusion; June 12,. 
1852, they were both bnptized. Mr. Cairns re- 
moved to Bloomington, 111., and united with the 
Baptist church there, where, in October, 1856. he 
was ordained as pastor of Smith's Grove church. 
Afterwards he M^as called to the pastorate of the 
Fairburg church, and remained five and a half 
years, during which the church increased from 40 
to 288 members. He was afterwards pastor of 
the churches at Lacon, Rochelle, Polo, and Cam- 
bridge, 111. From the latter place he removed to 
Winfield, Cowley Co., Kansas, and became the 
pastor of the First Baptist church of that city. 



Mr. Cairns has baptized about 500 persons. He 
has been instrumental in erecting several church 
edifices, and he has organized sixteen churches. 

Cameron, Rev. A. A., was bom in Breadalbane, 
Perthshire, Scotland, in 1841. He has sprung 
from a ministerial family; his father, his uncle, 
grand-uncle, and quite a number of other near rela- 
tives have been or are clergymen. He received his 
early education in the Free Church School of Law- 
ers, and the parish school of Killin. At fifteen 
years of age he became tutor in a gentleman's 
family, in Lochs Glenlyon. In 1857 he emigrated 
to Canada, his father being called to the pastorate 
of the Breadalbane Baptist church, Ontario. He 
pursued his further education in the grammar- 
schools of Vankleek Hill and L'Original. He 
taught school as a first-class teacher for five years ; 
entered the Baptist College, Woodstock, Ontario, 
as a theological student in 1864 ; graduated in April, 
1867 ; was ordained pastor of the Baptist church, 
Strathroy, the following June ; and was called 
to his present pastorate in Ottawa, the capital of 
the Dominion, in 1871. In the latter city he has 
met with much success. He is an eloquent and 
efiective speaker, a great controversialist, and a 
stanch Baptist. 

Cameron, Rev. Robert, was bom in 1839, 

in Oxford Co., Ontario. He became a Christian 
in 1859. In 1861, under Methodist Episcopal 
auspices, he began to preach. He was baptized in 
the autumn of 1862. He graduated B.A. in 1868, 
and M.A. in 1869, from the University of Toronto. 
AVhjle pursuing his collegiate course he became 
successively pastor in Lorra, Ontario, and editor 
of the Baptist Freeman. On graduating he settled 
for a short time over a church in Fairport, N. Y. 
During this pastorate he went to England in the 
interests of the Grand Ligne Mission. On his 
return he was pastor for a time in New York. 
He was one of the originators of the Baptist Union, 
but in 1875, being dissatisfied with the course of 
that paper, he withdrew entirely from it, and from 
further co-operation with the so-called liberal Bap- 
tists. On visiting Canada shortly after, he received 
a unanimous invitation to the Tabernacle Baptist 
church, Brantford, of which he is still the highly- 
esteemed pnd successful pastor. 

Cates, Rev. M. D,, was born in Orange Co., 
N. C. In April, 1834, he came to East Tennessee. 
March 11, 1838, he was baptized into the fellow- 
of the McMinnville church. In 1843 he went to 
school in Nashville, after this to Union University, 
at Murfreesborough. He was ordained by the 
McMinnville church, Oct. 13, 1844, Elders Bradley, 
Kimbrough, and Matthew Hillsman constituting 
the Presbytery. During his missionary Avork he 
constituted three churches. In January, 1846, he 
was elected pastor of the church at Marion, Cannon 



CHEVES 



1296 



CROWELL 



Co., and continued as such over nine years. In 
April, 1846, he returned to the university and re- 
mained one session. During this year he published 
a small hymn-book, the ''Companion," of which 
3500 were sold. The second edition of 10,000 Wiis 
sold directly. After this he enlai-ged the work, 
and called it "The Baptist Companion;" of it 
6000 were published. After the war he made a 
new selection, "The Sacred Harp," which was 
published in Philadelphia. Several of the hymns 
in this collection are his own. lie has published 
some other valuable works, among which is " The 
Voice of Truth." He is now, and has been for a 
number of years, editor and publisher of The Bap- 
tist Messenger, at Woodbury, Tenn., an able Baptist 
paper. 

Cheves, Rev. J. B., was born in Crawford Co., 
Ga., Jan. 17, 1851, and is a lineal descendant of 
the once celebrated and distinguished Langdon 
Cheves. His father died when he was about seven 
years old. Much, therefore, devolved upon the 
mother, who nobly met all the demands of a large 
family, and reared them to occupy useful positions 
in society. Young Cheves joined the church when 
about thirteen years of age, and soon after was im- 
pressed with the idea of preaching. He was two 
years at Georgetown College, Ky., and two years 
at Mercer University, Ga., where he graduated. 

When his school duties were over he was called 
to the pastorate of the Baptist church at Cuthbert, 
Ga., which he resigned after a year of service to 
go to Europe to prosecute his studies. He was 
for a while at the seminary at Greenville, S. C. 
While in Europe he was at the University of 
Leipsic nearly two years. He now resides at 
Nashville, and is the proprietor and one of the 
editors of the Baptist Reflector, which, under the 
present management, is becoming one of the most 
popular papers in the Southwest. 

Mr. Cheves is a young man of culture, piety, 
and decided ability. 

Cote, Rev. C. H. 0., M.D., was born at Quebec, 
Canada, in the year 1809, of French-Canadian pa- 
rents. He was educated for the medical profession. 
In the Canadian rebellion of 1837-38 he joined the 
" Patriots," after having previously distinguished 
himself as a leader of the disaffected party in the 
House of Assembly. For some time he was a resi- 
dent at Swanton, in the State of New York,, with 
a price set upon his head. Nominally a Roman 
Catholic, he was secretly an infidel. He was con- 
verted in Swantou, under a sermon from the words, 
"Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ and thou shalt 
be saved." Shortly afterwards he began to bear 
public testimony to the gospel. He fixed his resi- 
dence at Chazy, where he opened his house for 
worship, and endeavored to guide his French-Cana- 
dian neighbors into the way of truth, with encour- 



aging results. In October, 1843, Dr. Cote removed 
to St. Pie, one of the Grande Ligne Mission sta- 
tions ; but his health gave way shortly after, and 
he was compelled to seek a warmer climate. He 
spent some months at Savannah, and returned, in 
the spring of 1844, completely recovered. In the fall 
of that year he was ordained at St. Pie. He became 
the agent of the Grande Ligne Mission in the 
United States, collecting during the summer and 
returning to preach in Canada in the winter. St. 
Marie was the scene of these winter labors, which 
were greatly blessed. He died in great peace while 
attending the Lamoille Association at Hinesburgh, 
in 1850. Dr. Cote's death was a very heavy trial 
to the mission. 

Cresswell, Samuel J., D.D., was bom in Eng- 
land in 1802 ; was for many years a member of 
the Tabernacle church of Philadelphia. He was 
a man of much mental activity and power, and 
possessed the deepest interest in divine truth and 
religious movements. He united business pursuits 
with the duties of the ministry, and did much to 
foster the beginnings of many local interests. He 
was a lover of good books and good men ; and was 
especially identified with the work of ministerial 
education. He died Aug. 29, 1877. He received 
the degree of D.D. from Madison University. His 
large and valuable library is now in possession of 
the university at Lewisburg by the gift of his 
children. 

Crowell, William, D.D., was born in Middle- 
field, Mass., Sept. 22, 1806. He received his liter- 
ary and theological education at Brown and New- 
ton. While pursuing his studies at the latter he 
preached in several villages and towns around Bos- 
ton, especially at Quincy, where he gathered a 
congregation in a large gambling-room in a house 
formerly used as a tavern, and such was the bless- 
ing attending his ministrations in this room that a 
church was oi'ganized. 

Soon after leaving Newton, Mr. Crowell accepted 
the editorship of the Christian Watchman. This 
position he held for ten years, when the Watchman 
and the Christian Reflector were united. During 
this period the paper prospered, and its reputation 
was not surpassed ])y any denominational organ in 
the country. 

While in Boston, in 1845, he preached twice 
every Sunday, and taught in the Sunday-school. 
After leaving Boston he accepted the pastorate of 
the church in Waterville^ Me., and continued to 
serve it for about two years, when he removed to 
St. Louis, Mo., to take editorial charge of The 
Western Watchman. lie held this position for ten 
years, making the paper a power among the grow- 
ing hosts of Missouri Baptists. A variety of causes 
led him, just as the late war was about to convulse 
the nation, to retire from the editorial chair of The 




ifir^^Piiiiiiiii|i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiir^ 



BAVANT 



1298 



DAWSON 



Western Watchman, after which he served as pastor 
for a short period at Freeport, 111., and at the time 
of his death he was engaged in ministerial and 
other labors in New Jersey. He died in August, 
1871. The Watchman and Itefiector, of Boston, of 
August 31, 1871, says of him, "His mind was one 
of uncommon discrimination and clearness. We 
mourn the loss of so able and good a man, and 
that his ' sun should have gone down while it was 



yet day.' " Dr. Crowell was one of the most tal- 
ented and cultured men in the Baptist denomina- 
tion, his piety was all-pervading, and he shed a 
genial and blessed light over the entire relations 
of life. Thousands mourned his death as an afflic- 
tion to the whole Baptist Israel. He was the au- 
thor of several works, chief among which was 
"The Church Member's Manual," now used as a 
text-book in some of our theological seminaries. 



D. 



Davant, B,. J., was born, lived, and died in 
Beaufort District, S." C. He died in 1872, having 
probably passed his sixtieth yeai-. , A perfect globe 
presents no salient points to take hold of. Brother 
Davant's character was so regularly developed.and 
his life so smooth as to present a difficulty some- 
what similar. As a lawyer, he had no superior at 
a bar that ranked second to that of Charleston 
only. He was for many years commissioner in 
equity, and all his business, private and profes- 
sional, was conducted with a regularity approach- 
ing mathematical accuracy. Yet no man was ever 
freer from the stiffness of routine. 

But above all, he was a Christian. He was long 
a deacon of the church where the writer was pas- 
tor, and we have never known one to whom the 
term pillar more properly applied. 

He was president of the Augusta and Port Royal 
Railroad Company for several years, and the com- 
pletion of the road is largely due to him. 

Dawson, John Edmonds, D.D., was born March 
7, 1805, in Washington Co., Ga. He enjoyed excel- 
lent educational advantages at Madison and at 
Mount Zion Academy, Hancock Co. In Septem- 
ber, 1827, he was converted, and united with the 
church at Indian Creek. Into all matters of de- 
nominational interest he now entered with great 
zeal and earnestness, and became thoroughly iden- | 
tified with Sherwood, Mallary, Campbell, Hillyer, | 
Crawford, and Mell. | 

He was ordained Jan. 14, 1835. His first charge 
was the Eatonton church. From that time until ' 
the day of his death, Nov. 18, 1860, he was a zeal- 
ous preacher of the gospel, laboring mostly in tlie 
middle and western part of the State, and rising 
to the highest rank in the ministry. 

Mercer University, of which he had been a trus- 
tee for many years, conferred on him the degree 
of Doctor of Divinity in 1858. 

His countenance was cast in a noble mould, 



whose classic features and swelling brow were in- 
dicative of a grand intellect. He possessed an un- 
usual degree of refinement. From his conversion 




JOHN I DMOND'l DVV\&ON, DD 

he was an ardent friend of the State Baptist Con- 
vention, the grand promoter of missions, education, 
temperance, and Sunday-gchools among the Bap- 
tists of Georgia. Extensive reading, much inter- 
course with able and well-stored minds, together 
Avith an excellent memory and great mental vigor, 
enabled his bright and rapid intellect to grasp 
much that was advantageous to him. In any 
circle where he moved he was the leading spirit. 

While discoursing eloquently once at Milledge- 
ville upon the shortness of time and the necessity 



BEITZ 



DOUBLED AY 



of instantly accepting Jesus, expressly in view of 
the uncertainty of life, he accidentally struck one 
of the pulpit lamps, hurling it to the floor, where 
it lay broken into a thousand fragments. " See," 
said he, " that splendid lamp, which but a moment 
ago stood at my right hand the perfection of beauty 
and utility ! Now it is but a heap of broken glass, 
— a ruin ! So frail is you?' life ! By what an at- 
tenuated thread is it suspended ! IIow small a 
thing may snap the brittle cord ! Let this acci- 
dent impress upon your minds the solemn truths I 
have been urging upon your attention, and warn 
you to flee now to the only safe refuge." 

He not unfrequently rose to absolute sublimity, 
completely enthralling and overpowering his hear- 
ers. In all the true attributes of oratory and elo- 
quence he probably never had an equal in Georgia, 
certainly not a superior. 

Dr. Dawson was distinguished as an educator 
and as an able writer. Ilis remains were carried 
to his native State, and buried at Columbus, Gi),., 
amid the lamentations of thousands. 

Dr. John L. Dagg, long president of Mercer 
University, says, " As a preacher, Dr. Dawson was 
one of the ablest it has been my privilege to hear." 

Deitz, Rev. Charles M., Ridley Park, Pa., v*'as 
born, Oct. 7, 1830, in Philadelphia; baptized into 
the fellowship of the Fourth Baptist church, Phila- 
delphia, March 8, 1846 ; licensed 1854 •, ordained 
in March, 1858 ; graduated from the Central High 
School, Philadelphia, in 1845, from Lewisburg Uni- 
versity in 1854, and from Rochester Theological 
Seminary in 1856 ; has been a successful pastor in 
New Jersey, and for a time financial agent of the 
South Jersey Institute. He has also been pastor 
of the Coatesville, Holmesburg, and Ridley Park 
churches in Pennsylvania ; has been moderator of 
Central Union Association and of Philadelphia 
Baptist Ministers' Conference. He is a curator of 
the university at Lewisburg. 

Denovan, Rev. Joshua, was born in Glasgow, 

Scotland, in 1829, and was '•born again" in the 
summer of 1851. His education was obtained in 
the parish schools and in the University of Glasgow. 
He was formally ordained to the pastorate of a 
Presbyterian church, and during a ministry of 
about eight years was much blessed. In the fall 
of 1864, when the membership of the church num- 
bered nearly 800, he renounced Pedobaptism and 
was immei'sed on a profession of his faith. This 
act resulted in the severance both of natural and 
ecclesiastical ties. His health, undermined by 
years of excessive work, and months of mental 
anxiety, now utterly broke down. Advised to seek 
a change of climate, he arrived in Canada in the 
autumn of 1866, and retired to the quiet and beau- 
tiful hill country of Missisquoi, Quebec. Nine 
months of absolute rest efi"ected a great improve- 



ment in his physical condition, and he gradually 
found his way back into the active ministry. He 
spent nearly two years in preaching in several needy 
country places, — St. Armand, Smith's Falls, Carle- 




REV. JOSHUA DENOVAN. 

ton Place, and Almonte. He was settled as pastor 
(1869-71) in the town of Stratford, Ontario, and 
(1871-77) in Montreal. In 1877 he was engaged 
in a special effort for the evangelization of French 
Canadian Roman Catholics, and in March, 1878, he 
entered upon his present pastorate, — Alexander 
Street, Toronto. He was secretary for five years 
of the Baptist Home Mission Convention East, and 
has been secretary of the Baptist Home Mission 
Convention of Ontario since 1878. A devoted ser- 
vant of Christ, a great preacher, and a fearless 
advocate of truth, Mr. Denovan commands the high 
esteem of the Baptist churches in Canada. 

Doubleday, Hon. TJ. F., was born in Lebanon, 
N. Y., Dec. 15, 1792, and died in Belvidere, 111., 
Nov. 14, 1866. He added to his education in the 
public schools an extensive knowledge of the higher 
mathematics and the natural sciences. In early 
life he settled in Auburn, N. Y., where for about 
thirty years he edited and published the Cayuga 
Patriot. He was elected to Congress in 1831, and 
re-elected in 1833, both of which terms he served 
with marked ability. When the civil war broke 
out he took strong ground for the Union. His 
sons, Maj.-Gen. Abner Doubleday, Col. Thomas D. 
Doubleday, and Brig.-Gen. U. Doubleday, by their 
devotion and success in arms, showed the power 
of the father's teaching in respect to the principles 



DRYDEN 



1300 



EDWARDS 



of patriotism. He was baptized into the fellowship 
of the Baptist church of Scipio, N. Y., by Rev. H. J. | 
Eddy, D.D., in 1841. He removed to New York I 
City, and was elected a deacon of the Sixteenth : 
Baptist cliurch. He also served as (Jeacon of the j 
church at Bloomington, 111. The writer has a 
manuscript of a work written by him on " The 
Harmony of Science with the Bible Account of the 
Six Days of Creation." It is worthy of publication, 
and may yet be given to the world. 

Dryden, John, M.P., was born in 1840, near 
Brooklin, province of Ontario. Converted in 1858, 
he united with the Wesleyan Methodist body, to 
which other members of his family were attached. 
In 1861 he was led to see the believer's duty re- 



garding baptism, and united with the Baptist 
church of the township of Whitby, of which he is 
now the leading supporter. Mr. Dryden received 
a liberal education, and has attained a high stand- 
ing for culture and intelligence. In March, 1879, 
he was unanimously chosen by the Reform con- 
vention of South Ontario as their candidate for the 
representation of the constituency in the Provincial 
Parliament, and was duly elected in the following 
June. As a citizen, a legislator, and a follower of 
Christ, he is abundant in labors for the public 
good. Mr. Dryden serves the denomination as a 
director of the Ontario Baptist Missionary Conven- 
tion, and a member of the board of trustees of the 
Toronto Theological Seminary. 



E. 



Eaton, Prof. James E., Ph.D., son of Geo. W. 
Eaton, D.D., LL.D., was born at Hamilton, N. Y., 
Dec. 11, 1834. On a profession of faith in Christ 
he was baptized into the membership of the church 
at Hamilton, June 14, 1846 ; graduated from Mad- 
ison University in 1856, and from Hamilton Theo- 
logical Seminary in 1858. In 1859 he became 
Adjunct Professor of Mathematics and Natural Sci- 
ence in Union University, Murfreesborough, Tenn. 
From 1859 to the spring of 1861 he was Professor 
of Ancient Languages in Bethel College, Russell- 
ville, Ky. ; during the war he held a secular posi- 
tion in New York. From 1866 to 1869, Prof. Eaton 
occupied the chair of Natural Science in the Uni- 
versity of Louisville, Ky. In the spring of 1869 
he became Professor of Natural Science in William 
Jewell College, Liberty, Mo., which position he 
still occupies. In 1876 Madison University con- 
ferred on him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 
He has an abiding impression that he was called 
to teach, and has consecrated himself to the same 
work in which his distinguished father spent his 
life, — the education of the Baptist ministry. His 
motto in the class-room, " What is worth doing at 
all is worth doing well," is the principle that 
governs his own life. 

Eaton, Leonard Hobart, was bom in Groton, 
Grafton Co., N. II., April 20, 1817. At the age of 
eleven he removed to Newton, Mass., and at six- 
teen to Lowell, where he enjoyed the advantages 
of its excellent public schools. In 1837 he was ap- 
pointed a teacher in the North Grammar-School. 
In the same year he was baptized by the Rev. 
Lemuel Porter, and united with the Worthen Street 



church. He removed to Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1839, 
and united with the First Baptist church. He was 
one of the constituent members of the Grant Street 
Baptist church. In 1843 he was elected principal 
of the Third Ward Public School in Alleghany 
City, and filled that position seventeen years. In 
1847 he united with the Sandusky Street Baptist 
church ; and five years later was appointed a dea- 
con. Both these relations have been sustained to 
the present time. He served as superintendent of 
the Sunday-school of this church for a period of 
thirty years, extending from 1848 to 1878. In 
1860 he was elected principal of the Forbes Public 
School of Pittsburgh, the largest in that city. This 
position he still holds. 

He was a member of the board of school control- 
lers in Alleghany City eight years ; president of 
the Baptist Social Union of Pittsburgh, Alleghany, 
and vicinity five years ; and president of the Sun- 
day-School Convention connected with the Pitts- 
burgh Baptist Association thirteen years. He is 
now (1881) a director of the Baptist Summer Re- 
sort at Point Chautauqua, N. Y. ; president of the 
Young Men's Bible Society of Pittsburgh ; and 
president of the Western Pennsylvania Humane 
Society. ' 

Edwards, Col. B. W., was bom in Spartanburg 
Co., S. C, Jan. 24, 1824. His parents removed 
to Georgia in his childhood. His health, for many 
years, was so poor that little hope of his living to 
manhood was entertained. But his constitution 
having improved, he entered the South Carolina 
College in 1847, and graduated in 1850. Having 
returned to Georgia, he taught school and studied 



EDWARDS 



EMERY 



law for one year, lie was then adiuitted to the 
bar in 1851, and soon after went to the same school 
at Harvard, Mass., where he graduated in 1853. 

He now returned to his native State, locating 
first at Sumter and afterwards in Darlington County, 
where he now resides. He was commissioner in 
equity for five years, beginning in 1861. In the 
same year he entered the Confederate service, but 
was soon after discharged on account of ill health. 

He has long been a deacon of the Darlington 
Baptist church and superintendent of the Sunday- 
school, a member of the board of trustees of 
Furman University for fifteen years, and for the 
past two years president of the Baptist State Con- 
vention. He is very prompt and efficient as a pre- 
siding officer. In quiet, unobtrusive usefulness he 
has no superior in tlie State. 

Edwards, Gen. 0. E., a native of Spartanburg 
District, S. C, was ))()rn Nov. 19, 1819. He took 
an academic course at Glenn Spring, finishing it in 
1843. He was admitted to the bar in 1845, and 
commenced the practice of law at Spartanburg 
Court-House. He was repeatedly sent to the 
Legislature from his native district, and was a 
member when the war began. He was elected a 
brigadier-general of militia in 1854. At the be- 
ginning of the war he raised a regiment and en- 
tered the Confederate army in command of the 
13th S. C. Volunteers. He was mortally wounded 
in the battle of Chancellorsvilie, while in command 
of McGowan"s brigade, and died a few days after 
at Goldsborough, N. C, on his way home. He was 
buried at Spartanburg. He had long been a deacon 
of the Spartanburg Baptist church and superin- 
tendent of the Sabbath-school. 

In battle he was 1)rave almost to a fault, as the 
writer- knows personally, and liis death was prob- 
ably due to his entire forgetfulness of his own 
safety. He left r. gap in the church and the com- 
munity that is scarcely filled even to the present 
day. 

Edwards, Rev. Solomon, was born in Barn- 
well Co., S. C. He was born in slavery, the prop- 
erty of Rev. Elliott Estess. From his boyhood 
he was honest and diligent. In early life he was 
a foreman on the plantation. His education is 
limited, tiie writer having taught him most of what 
he knows. But nature, or rather nature's God, 
has endowed him with unusual common sense. He 
has been preaching for many years, and we earn- 
estly hope may long continue to preach, as no 
man within our knowledge could fill his place. 
His people receive his words almost as those of an 
oracle, and it is well that they are words of wis- 
dom and truth. 

He is of pure African extraction, nearly six feet 
high, and strongly built. His countenance is very 
pleasing, and at a glance shows his superiority to 



most of his race. Whatever improvement is to be 
made in the colored race must be made chiefly 
through such men as Brother Edwards. 

Elford, Charles James, was born in Charles- 
ton, S. C, May 11, 1820. Left an orphan in early 
years, he went to Greenville, S. C, when a mere 
boy. While employed as clerk in a store he used 
every spare moment for study, and, with the bless- 
ing of God on his earnest, patient, and well-di- 
rected efforts at self-improvement, he rose from one 
position to another till he attained to eminent dis- 
tinction at the bar. An ardent Christian and 
leader in every good work, he devoted himself es- 
pecially to the interests of the Sunday-school. In 
this sphere his influence on the young and on 
Sunday-school workers throughout the State was 
productive of results for good far beyond that of 
many ministers of the gospel. Kind Words, a 
Sunday-school paper, issued first at Greenville, 
S. C, now at Macon, Ga., owed its origin to him. 
With his dying breath leaving to the Sunday-school 
over which he had long presided the message, 
" Tell them to come to heaven ; that's all," he closed 
his earthly service in Greenville, May 25, 1867, 
honored as a public benefactor by the whole com- 
munity. 

Emery, George Freeman, was- born at Paris, 
0.xford Co., Me., Nov. 10. 1817. He fitted for col- 
lege under private tutors, and at the Farmington 
Academy, and was a graduate of Bowdoin Col- 
lege, in the class of 1836. On graduating he stu- 
died law with his father, Judge Stephen Emery, 
and was admitted to the bar Nov. 10, 1S38, and 
formed a law partnership with his father, which 
continued about ten years. In 1846 he removed 
to Portland. While residing in Paris he was for 
six years register of probate for Oxford County. 
After his removal to Portland he was appointed, 
in 1848, clerk of the U. S. Circuit by Judge 
Woodbury, and continued under three of his suc- 
cessors. He resigned his office on removal to 
Boston in 1877, where he became connected with 
the Bdston Post, a leading daily paper, of which 
he was chosen editor-in-chief in 1880, and now 
(1881) holds this position. Mr. Emery was bap- 
tized, with his wife, Sept. 23, 1855, ],y Rev. G. 
W. Bosworth, D.D.. and united with the Free 
Street Baptist church in Portland, Me. In all 
matters pertaining to the prosperity of that church 
he took a deep interest. He was for a considerable 
time the superintendent of its Sabbath-school. 
He took an active part in getting up an organiza- 
tion to provide for poor and devoted ministers, 
also the corporation to manage the " Greenough 
Fund" for building churches in Maine. For a time 
he was a trustee of Colby University, and was a 
prominent layman among the Baptists of his native 
State. Mrs. Emery was the daughter of John W. 



EMERY 



FELLER 



Appleton, Esq., a leading Baptist of Maine, and 
sister of Hon. John Appleton, M.C., and minister 
plenipotentiary to Russia under President Bu- 
chanan. The first wife of Vice-President Hamlin 
was a sister of Mr. Emery, and his second wife a 
half-sister. 

Emery, Hon. James S., was born in Industry, 
Franklin Co., Me., and was graduated in 1851 at 
Colby University. He was made president of the 
Vermont Literary and Scientific Institution at 
Brandon in that State. He commenced the study 
of the law in New York City in 1852, where he 
was admitted to the bar in February, 1854. He 
was one of a hundred young men who founded 
Lawrence, Kansas, in September of the same year. 
This was the first settlement from New England 
made in the new Territory just entered under the 



Kansas-Nebraska bill. He took grounds for a free 
State, and was one of a committee sent to the 
free States in behalf of free Kansas. He was a 
member from Lawrence of two of the constitu- 
tional conventions which Kansas had before she 
was received into the Union. He was twice chosen 
to a seat in the Legislature, and in 1864 was ap- 
pointed by Mr. Lincoln U. S. district attorney for 
his State, which post he held about three years. 
He was one of the seven constituent members of 
the first Baptist church formed in the Territory, 
in January, 1855, at Lawrence. It was through 
his efforts mainly that the State University of 
Kansas was located at the city of his residence. 
Being a friend of learning, he is often called be- 
fore the public in literary, historical, and religious 
addresses. He is a man of talent and piety. 



F. 



French, George R. For article, see page 411 




GEORGE R. FRENCH. 

Feller, Madame Henrietta, was born April 2, 

1800, at Montagny, a village in the Canton de 
Vaud, Switzerland. In 1803 her father, M. Odin, 
removed with his family to Lausanne, where Hen- 
rietta enjoyed superior educational advantages. In 



1822 she married M. Louis Feller, of Lausanne, 
one of its most respected citizens. Witi)in five 
years she was left a widow. Her only child, a 
daughter, had died a short time before. Previous 
to these sad bereavements she had become a de- 

1 cided and active Christian, and after her husband's 
death she consecrated herself still more fully to 

I the service of Christ. In 1835, Madame Feller re- 
ceived a letter from a dear friend, the wife of a 
Swiss missionary in Canada, describing the spirit- 
ual destitution of the French Canadians, and ex- 
horting her to give herself to missionary work. 
This she regarded as a call from God, and on the 
17th of August, in the same year, she left Lau- 
sanne for the scene of her future toils. She was 
accompanied by Louis Roussy, a member of the 
church in Lausanne, and of the Mission Institute 
in the same city. They reached Montreal on the 
31st of October, and shortly after settled in the 
village of St. Johns. Madame Feller spent her 
first year in Canada in earnest eff'orts for the en- 
lightenment and salvation of the French Catholics 
by domestic visitation, by the instruction of chil- 
dren, and by the distribution of the Scriptures. In 
September, 1836, she removed to La Grand Ligne, 
encouraged by the success which had attended Mr. 
Roussy's ministrations in that place. She com- 
menced her work in the garret of a small log 
house, where she taught a school of children by 
day and a class of adults by night. In this garret 
also she resided, subjecting herself to great priva- 
tion. She visited the poor and the sick, carrying 
the Word of life into many a home, when the 



FILLMORE 



1303 



GRANDE 



preacher, Mr. Roussy, would have been repelled. 
Thus was laid the foundation of the mission of 
which, for thirty-two years, Madame Feller was 
the leading spirit, and which, long before she 
died, had become one of the most useful institu- 
tions in Canada. She died at the Grand Ligne 
Mission-House on the 29tli of March, 1868. It | 
has been well said that " Henrietta Feller was 
raised up for a great work. She has left her mark, 
by God's grace, on Lower Canada." 

Fillmore, Mrs. Millard, widow of ex-President 
Fillmore, was born at Morristown, N. J., Oct. 27, i 
1813; Her maiden name was Caroline Carmichael, I 
youngestdaughterof Charles Carmichael and Tern pe 
Wickham Blaolily. She was baptized by the late 
Rev. Geo. B. Ide, D.D., and was, with her first bus- ' 



band, the late Ezekiel C. Mcintosh, Esq., of Al- 
bany, a member of the venerable Dr. AVelch's 
church. She was married to Mr. Fillmore by the 
Rev. Wm. Hague, D.D. She was a woman of 
great refinement and culture, and had a richly- 
stored mind resulting from extensive reading. 
Her mansion was exquisitely furnished, being 
adorned with a very large collection of expensive 
paintings. She was constant in her attendance at 
her chosen church, the Washington Street Baptist, 
of Buffalo, of which she was a faithful member. 
She was a liberal giver to denominational mission- 
ary societies and to every good cause. She loved 
to read the sermons of Spurgeon, and enjoyed direct 
Christian conversation. She died in Buffalo, Aug. 
11, 1881. 



G. 



Gates, Rev. Granville, was born in Maine, 
Broome Co., N. Y., April 17, 1829. At the age 
of eighteen he united with the Baptist Church, 
having been converted in childhood, through the 
instrumentality of a mother who did not live to 
know on earth the result of her faithfulness. For 
three years subsequent to 1850 he was a member 
of the board of supervisors of Broome County. 

In 1853 he was licensed to preach, and was or- 
dained at West Nanticoke in January of the fol- 
lowing year. He continued to labor in the State 
of New York, and chiefly among the churches of 
the Broome and Tioga Association, for thirteen 
years, spending two years at West Nanticoke, six 
years at Centre Lisle, four years at Mott's Corners, 
and one year at Ovid. 

In the spring of 1867 he accepted an appoint- 
ment from the Home Mission Society to labor in 
the West. Locating soon after at Highland, he 
devoted ten j'ears to missionary work in Northeast 
Kansas, gathering the churches of Roy's Creek, 
Hiawatha, Sabetha, Valley Falls, and Blue Rapids. 
In 1878'he became pastor of the Baptist church of 
Emporia, which had been in a languishing condi- 
tion for some years. In June he resigned the care 
of this church to accept an appointment as gen- 
eral missionary of Kansas. 

Gee, Rev. W. Sandford, was bom near Bowling 
Green, Ky., March 19, 1847. His parents removed 
to Illinois in 1852 ; was brought up upon a farm ; 
taught school for seven years ; was ordained in 
Illinois ; graduated from the theological depart- 
ment of Shurtleff College. His first pastorate, of 
three years, was at Mount Vernon. At present he 



is pastor of the First Baptist church of Lincoln, 
Neb., where he has labored for three years. He 
was elected chaplain of the house of representa- 
tives in the session of 1881. 

Grande Ligne, Evangelical Society of, was 
commenced, at the close of 1835, by Madame Fel- 
ler and Rev. Louis Roussy, who had recently left 
Switzerland for the purpose of carrying the gospel 
to the benighted French Canadians. Numerous 
Romish churches, colleges, convents, hospitals, 
and asylums, with their immense wealth, were 
both the signs and instruments of undisputed papal 
sway over Lower Canada. It seemed to be abso- 
lutely inaccessible to the gospel, and, previous to the 
arrival of Madame Feller and Mr. Roussy, no sus- 
tained effort h,id been made to enlighten it. There 
are now several societies engaged in the work of 
French Canadian evangelization, but the Baptist 
mission was the pioneer. Very little was done for 
a year or two; but after the opening had been 
made many friends of other denominations helped 
the infant cause. In 1840 an institute was begun at 
La Grande Ligne, with the primary view of train- 
ing future laborers, — evangelists, teachers, and pas- 
tors. At the same time it furnished the best means 
of educating the grown-up children of isolated Prot- 
estant converts living in the midst of Roman Cath- 
olic communities. 

In 1851 a school for girls was opened at St. Pie ; 
but in 1855 the mission premises were burned, and 
the Feller Institute, as it was called, was removed 
to Longueil. This has since been removed to 
Grande Ligne, where all the educational work of 
the mission is now conducted. The new Feller 



GRA VES 



GUNN 



Institute building was erected at a cost of fSOOO, 
and was opened July 1, 1880, free from debt. 

" It is estimated," says the Rev. A. Therrien, 
" that over 4000 French Canadians have been led 
to embrace the gospel through the direct instru- 
mentality of this mission, 15 churches have been 
organized, 2000 young people educated, and 22 
young men prepai-ed for the ministry, or for evan- 
gelists and colporteurs." Several French pastors 
and missionaries now laboring among their fellow- 
countrymen in the United States were convei-ted 
and trained at La Grande Ligne. Of these are 
lievs. L. Auger, of Stryker, 0. ; R. B. Desroches, 
of Detroit, Mich. ; F. X. Smith, of Fall River, 
Mass. j J. N. Williams and S. Lager, who labored 
among the scattered Fi-ench Canadians in New 
England; and A. Chatrand, of Elivon, Kansas. 
Most of the French churches in the United States 
also owe their existence, indirectly at least, to the 
Grande Ligne Mission. There are seven churches 
directly connected with the mission. 

Graves, B,ev. Henry L., was born in Yancey- 
ville, N. C, Feb. 22, 1810; graduated from the 
University of North Carolina and Hamilton Theo- 
logical Seminary, N. Y. ; ordained in November, 
1837 ; was the first president of Baylor University, 
Texas, from 1846-1851 ; served acceptably as pastor 
of the Independence church ; during the war was 
president of the Female College, Fairfield, Texas, 
and from 1874-75 was president of Baylor Female 
College. He was the first president of the Texas 
Baptist State Convention, and ably filled the same 
oifice for sixteen years. Morell's " Flowers and 
Fruits, or Thirty-Six Years in Texas," says of him : 
■' His qualifications entitle him to the position, in 
the estimation of his brethren, of a refined and 
educated Christian gentleman." He has been 
moderator of Union Association, and is now presi- 
dent of the Baptist Education Society of Texas, 
and has seen much service, and has always been 
regarded as a wise counselor in Baptist assem- 
blies. 

Grier, Prof. William Thompson, A.M., was 
born near Salem, N. -J.,'May 11, 1850. Having 
))een fitted for college at an academy in his native 
town, he entered the Freshman class of the uni- 
versity at Lewisburg in September, 1867. In 1S71 
lie was graduated with the highest honors of his 
class, and was immediately elected Professor of 
Ancient Languages in Monongahela College, Pa. 
lie remained there four years, during a part of the 
time acting as president of the college. In this 
position he was very successful, and his work was 
highly appreciated. The presidency of the college 
was oflFered to liim, but he declined to accept it. 
In 1875 he was elected Professor of the Latin Lan- 
guage and Literature in the university at Lewis- 
burg, and his success has more than justified his 



choice. He is deservedly popular both in the univer- 
sity and outside of it. The standard of scholarship 
in his department is high. Prof. Grier promises to 
become one of the scholars of the denomination. 
He is a thorough teacher, is an excellent speaker, 
and everywhere well represents the university. 

Groff, Prof. George G., M.D., was born in 

Chester Co., Pa., in April, 1851. He received his 
early education in Phoenixville and Norristown 
and in the State Normal School at West Chester. 
He subsequently entered the University of Michi- 
gan, and afterwards graduated in medicine from 
the Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y., 
in 1877. He at once became the teacher of Natural 
Sciences in the State Normal School at AYest Ches- 
ter, which position he held until 1879, when he was 
elected to the chair of Natural Sciences in the uni- 
versity at Lewisburg. This position he fills with 
marked ability, and with much acceptance to all 
wlio know his daily life. 

Grow, Rev. T, D., was born at Hartland, Vt., 
Jan. 24, 1824. His grandfather was a pioneer 
Baptist minister in Vermont. His brother. Rev. 
James Grow, of Connecticut, was one of the first 
to assist in the foreign work, sending Dr. Judson 
|50, out of $200 salary, before the mission was 
thoi'oughly organized. His cousin was a mission- 
ary to Siam, and died there. His widow is now 
the wife of Dr. Dean. He was educated at New 
Hampton, N. H., and ordained May 1, 1850, in 
Kane Co., III. Most of his ministerial work has 
been in AVisconsin, Missouri, and Kansas. Quite 
a, number of churches have been formed under his 
labors. 

Gunn, Rev. David Brainard, was born in Mon- 
tague, Mass., May 8, 1823 ; had very early impres- 
sions respecting his need of Christ as his Saviour ; 
also that he should become a minister of the gos- 
pel. When about ten years of age he was convicted 
of sin, but he did not at that time indulge a hope 
in Jesus. In January, 1838, he was specially 
moved by the Holy Spirit and led into light, and 
he enlisted as Christ's soldier. Upon the follow- 
ing Thanksgiving-day he was baptized with three 
brothers and a sister. In 1854, being greatly 
strengthened by the Holy Spirit, he began in earn- 
est the work of soul-winning. He was licensed 
by the Shelburne Falls, Mass., Baptist church, of 
which he was a tueinber. Wishing to devote him- 
self wholly to the ministry, he sold out his business 
and home, and removing 'to the West, settled in 
Warsaw, III., organized a church, and was ordained 
as its pastor in August, 1857. There he toiled 
nearly four years, and added to it about 150 mem- 
bers. Afterwards he held brief pastorates in Car- 
thage, 111., and Hannibal, Mo. Early in 1865 he 
settled in Sandwich, 111., where in the fourth year 
of a very pleasant pastorate his health completely 



GUNN 



1305 



HILT)RF/rH 



failed for two years. Then slowly returnino; 
strength enabled him to engage as a supply, which 
after a year or two led him into evangelistic and 
missionary labors, which have been continued, 
mostly in the States of Illinois and Kansas, until j 
the present time. God has signally blessed Mr. 
Gunn's ministry. 

Gunn, Rev. Elihu, was born in Montague, 
Mass., Jan. 3, 1818. His ancestors were of the 
Puritan stock, and had been stanch Baptists on 
both sides for several generations, being the ear- 
liest settlers in that part of the State, and among 
those who suffered persecution from the " standing 
order" for conscience' sake. He publicly confessed 
Christ in his twenty-first year. His earliest desire 
was to secure an education and become a minister 



of Christ. He entered the Fresliinan class in Madi- 
son University in 1844, and he graduated from the 
theological seminary in 1849. He was soon after 
ordained at North Sunderland, Mass., and went 
as a missionary to the new State of Iowa. Settled 
first at Keokuk, then a frontier town of 1500 
people. He was then president of the Central 
University, of Iowa, five years. Afterwards he was 
pastor at Mount Pleasant nearly nine years. He 
then came to Kansas, and was pastor at Atchison 
three years, district secretary of tlie American 
Baptist Home Mission Society for Kansas and Mis- 
souri three and a half years, and since May, 1877, 
he has been pastor of the Baptist church at Fort 
Scott, Kansas. Mr. Gunn has baptized 447 per- 
sons, includinii all of his five children. 



H. 



Hardwicke, Rev. J. F., was born in Virginia in 
1837 ; united with the church when a boy ; com- 
menced preaching when but eighteen. After pur- 
suing his studies with his brother. Rev. J. B. 
Hardwicke, he entered a classical school. In 1869 
he matriculated at the Southern Baptist Theologi- 
cal Seminary, at Greenville, S. C. When the war 
compelled its school to suspend he retired to Vir- 
ginia, and entered upon the pastorate. He served 
the church at Milton, N. C, and also that at Ephe- 
sus. He then removed to AVestern Virginia, and 
succeeded in establishing a church at Huntington. 
Mr. Hardwicke is now pastor at Bowling Gi-een, 
Ky. A man of genial disposition, blessed with a 
mind of decided vigor, and a close student of the 
Scriptures, he ranks with the best preachers of his 
State. 

Harris, Rev. Elmore, was born in 1854, near 
the city of Brantford, Ontario, Canada. His father 
was a manufacturer, and intended his son for 
the same calling ; but God had otherwise designed. 
He was brought to Christ in April, 1870, and in 
the following year, when but a lad of seventeen, he 
preached his first sermon. For nearly two years 
he studied in the high school in Beamsville, and 
the Collegiate Institute of the city of St. Cath- 
arines. He afterwards attended the University 
of Toi'onto, taking two scholarships in classics and 
the first prizes in Oriental languages. He grad- 
uated in 1877, receiving the degree of B.A. In 
1876, a year before he finished his university course, 
he became pastor of the First Baptist church of 
St. Thomas, where he still labors with great ac- 
ceptance. During his live years' ministry the First 



and Zion churches, unfortunately severed, have 
))een united, and a handsome structure erected in 
the centre of the city, costing .117,000. The mem- 
bership has more than doubled. Mr. Harris is one 
of the rising men in the Baptist ministry of the 
New Dominion. . 

Harris, John, of Brantford, Ontario, Canada, 
was born in 1841, in the township of Townsend, in 
the same province. At the age of twenty-one he 
entered into partnership with his father, Mr. Alan- 
son Harris. He is a man of considerable means 
and of distinguished liberality. He is at present 
the teacher of a large Bible-class, numberingf at 
times, 150 persons, in the First church, at Brant- 
ford. There are continual accessions to the church 
from this class. He has also an excellent gift in 
presenting the gospel to the unsaved, and has been 
greatly blessed in this work in the neighborhood 
of his own city and at other points. An earnest 
Bible student, a diligent worker, a generous con- 
tributor to all benevolent and denominational ob- 
jects, and a true fi'iend, he has fairly won the 
high position he holds among the Baptist laymen 
of Canada. 

Hildreth, WiUiam, D.D., was born at South 
Bend, Ind., -Jan. 24, 1838. In 1853 the family re- 
moved to Sandy ville, Iowa, where Mr. Hildreth was 
baptized in 1859 ; licensed to preach in 1860. In 
1861 he was called to the church atrLovilia, and the 
following year was ordained. He entered Central 
University, preaching once on the Sabbath for the 
First church of Pella while he remained in the 
school. 

He removed to Chillicothe, Mo., and served the 



HOARD 



HUN GATE 



church there one year, and accepted an appoint- 
ment from the American Baptist Publication So- 
ciety as general Sunday-school missionary, in 
which connection he remained over three years. 
After a brief pastorate at Pleasant Hill, Mo., he 
became general missionary of the American Bap- 
tist Home Mission Society, in which work he 
continued three years, and during which he bap- 
tized 484 persons. 

In 1872 he removed to California, remaining 
four years, preaching for the Tabernacle church, 
San Francisco, and the church at San Jose. He 
returned East in 1876, and settled with the church 
at New Albany, Ind., where he remained four 
years, until called to the Union Baptist church of 
Pittsburgh, his present field of labor. 

Mr. Hildreth has built ten houses of worship, 
raising for this purpose $107,000. He received 
into the churches with which he has labored 2017 
persons, of whom he has baptized 1530. In 1879 
Judson University conferred upon him the degree 
of D.D. 

Hoard, Hon. Samuel, since 1836 has resided 
at Chicago, one of its earliest and, during the 
nearly half a century of his residence there, one 
of its most useful and honored citizens. He was 
born at Westminster, Mass., May 20, 1800, of 
English parentage, some of his ancestry having 
been persons of rank and fortune. Receiving an 
academical education, he pursued to some extent 
the study of law, but later embarked in journalism, 
being connected, in 1828, with the Republican, of 
Franklin, N. Y., in association with Mr. James 
Long, who, like himself, had married a daughter 
of John Conant, Esq., of Brandon, Vt. In 1833 
we find him associated with Silas Wright, after- 
w^ds so prominent in State and national politics, 
in the editorial management of the St. Lawrence 
Republican. Removing to Chicago in 1836, he was 
speedily called to various posts of honorable sei-- 
vice, among them that of State senator and clerk 
of the Circuit Court. In 1845 he engaged in mer- 
cantile business, and continued in it for many 
years as one of the successful merchants of the 
young and growing city. Mr. Lincoln appointed 
him postmaster of the city in 1865. He has also 
served for a considerable period as president of the 
Board of Education. Among the earliest and most 
efficient members of the First Baptist church, he 
was one of those who, in 1864, united in consti- 
tuting the present Second church, and in both 
these organizations he has been active and efficient 
to a remarkable .degree, for fifteen years conducting 



with peculiar tact and success a large infant-class 
in the First church, and for ten years a young 
men's Bible-class in the Second. During eleven 
years past he has served in the last-named church 
as its senior deacon. Mr. Hoard was one of the 
original corporators of the University of Chicago, 
and, until advancing age made it seem to himself 
desirable that he should retire, remained one of the 
most valued members of the board of trustees, 

Homan, Rev. N. B., was born in Spencer Co., 
Ky., on Sept. 7, 1822. His father removed to Put- 
nam Co., Ind., when he was about five years old. 
At the age of sixteen he became deeply concerned 
in regard to his salvation. He removed to Jones 
Co., Iowa, in 1847. He was " born again" in that 
place, and baptized in the spring of 1848. In that 
year he and nine others formed the Baptist church 
of Fairview, Jones Co. In the year 1855 he was 
called to the work of the gospel ministry. On the 
26th of April, 1856, he was ordained, and he served 
the Fairview Baptist chui-ch as pastor over fifteen 
years, the Anamosa church four years. On Jan. 1, 
1873, he entered upon the pastorate of the church 
at Vinton, Benton Co. In October, 1875, he went 
to Kirwin, Phillips Co., where he has remained up 
to the present time, laboring as pastor of the Bap- 
tist churches of Kirwin and Phillipsburg. 

Hungate, Rev. James De P., was born in 

Washington Co., Ind., July 28, 1831. He was re- 
ceived into the Mill Creek Baptist church at four- 
teen. When eighteen he was impressed that it 
was his duty to preach. He graduated from 
Franklin College in 1854, and was ordained in 
1856, and became pastor of the church at Salem, 
Marion Co., HI., in 1858, where he built a meet- 
ing-house and the membei-ship of the church in- 
creased from six to seventy-six members. In I860 
he was appointed a missionary by the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society to Nebraska. In 
May, 1864, he started across the. plains with his 
wife and children in a wagon, and, after a weari- 
some journey of 102 days, he arrived safe in the 
Willamette Valley, Oregon. He was for three 
years pastor at Salem, the State capital, when the 
church increased from thirty-six to ninety-eight 
members. He taught a Bible-class of thirty young 
people, most of whom he baptized. In December, 
1868, he removed to California, where he labored 
us a supply at Petal u ma and other places. In the 
autumn of 1872 he retwned to Nebraska, and in 
1879 he became pastor at El Dorado, Kansas, where 
his labors have been blessed in erecting a meeting- 
house and in building up the church. 



JAMES 



1807 



LEHMAN 



J. 



James, Rev. John Sexton, son of Prof. C. S. 

Jaiues, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 20, 
1848. He was baptized in February, 1864. He 
was graduated with honor from the university at 
Lewisburg in 1868, and from Crozer Theological 
Seminary in 1871. He then spent a year in prose- 
cuting his studies at the Universities of Erlangen 
and Leipsic, Germany. On his return, he accepted 
a call to Allentown, Pa., and was ordained in Oc- 
tober, 1872. He still serves this important church. 
Mr. James edited a revision of Kurtz's " Church 
History," with additions from the seventh German 
edition. The work is largely used as a text-book 
in American theological seminaries. He was pres- 
ident of the Pennsylvania Baptist Ministerial 
Union in 1879, and of the Alumni Association of 
the University at Lewisburg in 1880. He was 
moderator of the Reading Association in 1879 and 
1880. Mr. James is a successful pastor and a clear 
and impressive preacher. 

Jones, Prof. J. E., A.M., was born in Lynch- 
burg, Ya. ; baptized in the spring of 1868, and en- 



tered the Richmond Institute, Richmond, Va., in 
October of the same year for the purpose of pre- 
paring for the gospel ministry. Having completed 
the course there in 1871, and having finished his 
preparatory training in the grammar-school of 
Madison University, N. Y., he entered Madison 
University in 1872, and, after a successful course 
of study, was graduated in 1876. In the same 
year the American Baptist Home Mission Society 
appointed him an instructor in the Richmond In- 
stitute, and intrusted him with the branches of 
language and philosophy. In 1877 he was or- 
dained to the ministry. In 1879 his alma mater 
I conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. 
Prof. Jones is an efficient teacher, a popular and 
instructive preacher, and a forcible writer. In 1878 
he held a newspaper controversy with the Roman 
Catholic Bishop Keane, of Richmond, in which the 
bishop, in the ebtimation of many most competent 
to judge, was worsted. Prof. Jones is regarded as 
one of the most promising of the young colored 
men of the South. 



L. 



Lehman, Rev. G. W., the aged and highly re- 
vered pascor of the Baptist church in Berlin, Ger- 
many, and one of the most prominent Baptist 
ministers in that land, was born in the city of 
Hamburg, Oct. 23, 1799. In his youth he was 
an engraver in Berlin, being at the same time 
actively engaged in religious labor and in circu- 
lating the Bible, which he had early learned to 
love and cherish. In 1830 he first met with Mr. 
Oncken and felt himself specially drawn to him. 
After Mr. Oncken's baptism Mr. Lehman was led 
prayerfully to consider this question, but it was 
not until the year 1837 that he became fully settled 
in his convictions concerning believers baptism. 
He was baptized near Berlin by Mr. Oncken, with 
sis others, May 13, 1837, and on the following day 
the little flock of baptized believers was organized 
as the Baptist church of Berlin. Mr. Lehman was 
soon appointed by the church as their pastor, and 
faithfully preached to the people while still pursu- 
ing his daily avocations. He was forced to pursue 



his work of love under great difficulties and dis- 
couragements. In 1838, Mr. Lehman entered the 
service of the American Baptist Missionary Union, 
devoting one-half of his time to this work as its 
missionary. In 1840, Mr. Lehman went to Eng- 
land to receive ordination : he was ordained June 
29, 1840, in Salter's Hall chapel. Cannon Street, 
London, Rev. -J. H. Hinton offering the ordaining 
prayer. Since that time the work in Berlin has 
been prospering under his faithful labors, and it 
has extended into the surrounding regions far and 
wide. 

Mr. Lehman is gifted with peculiar talents ; he 

; occupies a very influential position among the 

: Baptists in Germany. The cause in that country 

is indebted to him to a degree which it will not 

: be easy to overestimate. Although partially dis- 

I abled by the weakness of age, Mr. Lehman still 

retains the pastorate of the church to which he has 

devoted his youthful energies and the strength of 

: his manhood. 



MABIE 



■1308 



MARSH 



M. 



Mabie, Rev. H. C, was born in Belvidere, 
Boone Co., 111., June 20, 1847. He is a descendant 
of several generations of Baptists. His great-grand- 
father, Rev. Daniel Mabie, was one of the pioneer 




REV. H. C. MABIE. 

ministers of Central New^ York. His parents re- 
moved to Belvidere in 1845. His early life was 
under the Christian influence of a pious home and of 
the revered Dr. Roe, pastor of the Belvidere church. 

At twelve he was converted and baptized. At 
sixteen, while in college, his heart was greatly re- 
freshed by divine grace, and from this period, while 
still studying, his labors were rewarded with con- 
versions among students, in military camps and 
hospitals, and in neighboring churches. 

He graduated from the University of Chicago in 
1868, and from the seminary in 1875. He was or- 
dained in Rockford, 111., in October, 1869, when he 
spent four prosperous years as the pastor of the 
State Street church. In 1873 he resigned his charge 
to complete his theological studies, and in the mean 
time he organized the church at Oak Park, and 
served it as pastor for two years. In 1875 he be- 
came pastor at Brookline, Mass., and labored there 
for three and a half years with much success ; 
during this pastorate he was a member for two 



years of the Executive Committee of the Missionary 
Union. At the commencement of Brown University 
in 1878 he preached the annual sermon before the 
Society of Missionary Inquiry. Early in 1879 he 
accepted a unanimous call to the First Baptist 
church of Indianapolis, Ind., where the blessing of 
God has rested upon his labors abundantly ; debts 
have been paid, union binds the large membership 
together, liberality distinguishes their gifts, and 
conversions are frequent. Mr. Mabie is a mari of 
ability and culture, of wisdom and grace, and be- 
fore him, if the Lord spares his life, there are bril- 
liant prospects of usefulness, while around him 
there are throngs of loving friends. 

Marsh, Rev. W. H. H., was born in Chester 
Co., Pa., July 14, 1836. He received a liberal 
education, which he has continually extended until 
he has become one of the best-informed men in the 
denomination. He was ordained when twenty-one 
years of age. After supplying the Bethesda and 
Caernarvon churches in Chester Co., Pa., he took 
charge of the Lower Providence church, Mont- 
gomery Co.. and remained there four years ; then 
settled with the Blockley church. West Philadel- 
phia, where he exercised his ministry until, in 
1865, he accepted a pressing call to the Second 
church of Wilmington, Del. During his six years' 
pastorate at Wilmington an oppressive debt was 
paid, the church edifice was greatly improved, an 
organ purchased, and a lot for a mission secured, 
upon which the Bethany church now stands. Mr. 
Marsh removed from Wilmington to take the over- 
sight of the Central church of Salem, Mass., where 
he labored for eight years. In December, 1880, he 
settled in New Brunswick, N. J., as pastor of the 
young and vigorous Remsen Avenue church. In 
his pastorates Mr. Marsh has always been suc- 
cessful. 

He is a diligent student, an extensive reader, 
and a large-hearted brother. His intellectual 
powers are of a high order, and his sermons are 
distinguished by deep thought and gospel truth. 

He has written extensively for the Baptist Quar- 
tcrli/, the Bibliotheca Sacra, and the denominational 
papers. The Publication Society has issued his 
" Modern Sunday-School." He has also the man- 
uscript of a work upon which he has been long 
engaged, and which he expects to publish soon. 

Mr. Marsh is regarded with affection wherever 
he is known, and his labors have been a blessing 
to the churches and the world. 



STAIGIITON 



TYLER 



S. 

Staughton, William, D.D. For article, see page 1097. 




U'll.LlAM STAIGHTON. D.D. 



Tyler, James E., who for nearly twenty years 
has been actively identified with Baptist interests 
in Chicago, was born at Hillsdale. Columbia Co., , 
N. Y., March 11, 1811. During his infancy the | 
family removed to West Stockbridge, Mass. When 
he was sixteen he became clerk in the village store, 
and the proprietor removing soon after to Canaan, 
X. Y., he was persuaded to accompany him. In 
1829 he became a resident of Cincinnati, 0., con- 
necting himself there with an insurance office. A 
branch being established in Louisville, Mr. Tyler 
took charge of it, and that city, in 1834, became 
his home. Business prospered, and he was in due 
time ranked with the wealthy and influential citi- 
zens of the place. Mr. Tyler undertook, in 1859. 
a tour of the East, visiting Egypt and the Holy 



Land ; .some letters home, descriptive of his jour- 
ney, finding publication in the Louisville Journal, 
then edited by George D. Prentice. At the out- 
break of the war he removed Xorth. In 1862 he 
established himself in Chicago, and soon took a 
place beside the successful business men of that 
city. 

Mr. Tyler early interested himself in the Uni- 
versity of Chicago, serving as one of its trustees. 
In the establishment of the Theological Seminary 
he actively shared, serving also upon the board of 
this institution. As a member of the First Bap- 
tist church, he has contributed generously to the 
various building and mission enterprises of that 
body. Ilis gifts to the seminary have also been 
large. 



VINTON 



.1310 



WALDROP 



V. 



Vinton, Justus H., D.D., was born in Willing- 
ton, Conn., Feb. 17, 1806. When ten years of age 
he was converted, and soon after united with the 
Baptist church of Ashford. At sixteen he felt the 
call of God to preach the gospel. In 1826 he en- 
tered Hamilton Institution to study for the minis- 
try. In 1830, one year after a day of fasting and 
prayer, to learn his duty in reference to going West 
as a missionary, when he was strongly impressed 
that he should go to Burmah, he finally decided to 
spend his life in that heathen country. While at- 
tending to college duties, and during vacations, he 
preached wherever he had an opportunity, and he 
had some great revivals at this early period. 

In July, 1834, Mr. and Mrs. Vinton .sailed for 
Burmah in the "Cashmere,"' and landed in Maul- 
main in December of that year. During their 
passage, in answer to fervent prayers and faithful 
preaching, a number of the officers and men of the 
vessel were converted. Having learned the lan- 
guage of the Karens from a native at Hamilton, 
N. Y., the missionary and his wife left for the 
jungle a week after they landed, and commenced 
to preach among a people to whom the Saviour had 
never been presented, and they continued for three 
months, going from village to village, telling the 
story of the Cross to hungry multitudes, and con- 
verts rewarded these toils wherever they went. 
For many years Dr. Vinton was engaged in this 
blessed work, and he was one of the most success- 
ful missionaries that ever led souls to Jesus. 
Throngs were born again, many churches were es- 
tablished, preachers and teachers were sent out, 
and a mighty work was performed for God and for 
the races dwelling in Burmah. 

In Rangoon his laboi-s for the people at the ter- 
mination of the last war with England were as- 
tonishing; he and his wife cared for a multitude 



of the sick, they bought rice on credit and distrib- 
uted it among the famine-stricken, they cared for 
orphans and widows, and they told the story of the 
Cross ; in any community a preacher of such a 
spirit would be heard with special interest, and 
we are not surprised that in twenty months he 
baptized 441 converts. 

He was beloved and almost worshiped through- 
out the Karen jungles, and the English officials, 
reco«fnizing his extraordinary worth, sent him 
money to sustain his schools and gifts to aid him 
in his work, and cherished him and his wife in 
their hearts. 

Dr. Vinton was mighty in prayer, firm in will 
to do what was right, untiring in effort, generous 
to a fault, and wholly consecrated to God. In 
Connecticut, where he was peculiarly well known, 
when a diflFerence existed between him and the 
Missionary Union, the denomination sympathized 
with the great missionary ; they knew his unsur- 
passed worth, and no society could keep them from 
contributing liberally to sustain this prince of 
missionary preachers. He died in Burmah, March 
31, 1858. 

His noble wife, born in Union, Conn., April 19, 
1807, and converted at eighteen, had the same mis- 
sionary spirit that made her husband ready to sac- 
rifice everything for the salvation of idolaters. 
She told the women and children of Burmah about 
the Saviour, and labored in this way for Christ 
with glorious results, and after Dr. Vinton's death 
the converts and churches hearkened to her counsels 
with a reverence almost unparalleled. She died in 
Burmah, Dec. 18, 1864. Her daughter, Mrs. R. M. 
Luther, is doing efifective service for foreign mis- 
sions in Pennsylvania, while -Justus B. Vinton, D.D., 
her son, is a worthy successor of his honored father 
in extending the Redeemer's kingdom in Burmah. 



W. 



Waldrop, Rev. A. J., was bom Feb. 7, 1815, in 
Christian Co., Ky. Came with his parents to Jef- 
ferson Co., Ala., in 1818, and has continued there 
to this date; was baptized by Rev. Hosea Hol- 
combe in 1832; was ordained in 1842. He has 
been pastor at Ruhamot thirty-two years, at Spring- 



ville twenty, and at Cahaba twenty-five years, — 
three of our best country churches. He is one of 
the most influential ministers in the State, and 
a strong and gifted preacher. He held several 
prominent civil positions. His son, Elisha Wal- 
drop, is also a good minister of Jesus Christ. 



APPENDIX. 



THE PHILADELPHIA CONFESSION OF FAITH. 



I. Op the Holy Scriptures. — 1. Tire Holy Scripture is 
the only suflBcient, certain, and infallible rule of all-saving 
knowledge, faith, and 



obedience ; although 
the light of nature, 
and the works of crea- 
tion and providence 
do so far manifest the 
goodness, wisdom, and 
power of God as to 
leave men unexcusa- 
ble; yet are they not 
sufficient to give that 
knowledge of God and 
his will which is neces- 
sary unto salvation. 
Therefore it pleased 
the Lord at sundry 
times, and in divers 
manners, to reveal 
himself, and to declare 
that his will unto his 
church ; and after- 
ward, for the better 
preserving and propa- 
gating of the truth, 
and for the more sure 
establishment and 
comfort of the churoh 
against the corruption 
of the Hcsh, and the 
malice of Satan and of 
the world, to commit 
the same wholly unto 
writing; which maketh 
the Holy Scriptures to 
be most necessary, 
those former ways of 
God's revealing his 
will unto his people 
being now ceased. 

2. Under the name 
of Holy Scripture, or 
the Word of God writ- 
ten, are now contained 
all the books of the 
Old and New Testa- 
ment, which are these: 

Of the Old Testament,— Genesis, 



2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 2 Kings, 1 Chronicles, 2 Chronicles, 
Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecole- 
siastes. The Song of 
Songs, Isaiah, Jere- 
miah, Lamentations, 
Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, 
Joel, Amos, Obadiah, 
Jonah, Micah,Nahum, 
Habakkuk, Zephan- 
iah, Haggai, Zecha- 
riah, Malachi. 

Of the New Testa- 
ment, Matthew, Mark, 
Luke, John, The Acts 
of the Apostles, Paul's 
Epistle to the Romans, 
1 Corinthians, 2 Cor- 
inthians, Galatians, 
Ephesians, Philippi- 
ans, Colossians, 1 Thes- 
salonians, 2 Thessalo- 
nians, 1 Timothy, 2 
Timothy, to Titus, to 
Philemon, the Epistle 
to the Hebrews, the 
Epistle of James, the 
first and second Epis- 
tles of Peter, the first, 
second, and third Epis- 
tles of John, the Epis- 
tle of Jude, the Reve- 
lation. All which are 
given by the inspira- 
tion of God to be the 
rule of faith and life. 
3. The books com- 
monly called Apoc- 
rypha, not being of 
divine inspiration, are 
no part of the canon 
(or rule) of the Scrip- 
ture, and therefore are 
of no authority to the 
church of God, nor to 
be any otherwise ap- 
proved, or made use 
of, than other human 
writings. 



CONFESSION 

F A Tt H, 

Put forth by the 

Elders and Brethren 

Of many 

Congregations 

O F 

C H R I S'T I A N S 

(Baptized upon Profeffion of their Faith) 
In London and xk\s. Country . 



Adopted by the Baptift Association 

«;g/g/ Philadelphia, Sepc.25. 1742. 

The Sixth Edition. 

To which arc added. 

Two Articles viz. Of Impofition of Hands, 
and Singing of Pi'alms in Publick Worfliip. 

Also 

A Short Treatife of Church Difcipline, 



with the Heart Man belie-veth unto Rigbteotifiiefs, and wilb tie 

Mcuth Coiifijficn is made unto Sal-vation, Rom. lo. 20. 
Search the Scriptures, John 5. 39. 

Philadelphia: Printed by B. Frankj-in. 

M,DCC,XLIU, 



FAC-SIMILE OF THE TITLE-PAGE OF THE PHILADELPHIA 
CONFESSION OF FAITH, ADOPTED BY THE PHILADELPHIA 
BAPTIST ASSOCIATION, SEPTEMBER 25, 1742, AND FEINTED 
BY BENJAMIN FRANKLIN IN 1743. 



Exodus, Leviticus, 
Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 Samuel, 



4. The authority of the Holy Scriptures, for which it 
ought to be believed, dependeth not upon the testimony of 
1311 



1312 



APPENDIX. 



any man or church, but wholly upon God (who is Truth 
itself), the author thereof; therefore it is to be received, 
because it is the Word of God. 

5. AVe may be moved and induced by the testimony of the 
church of God to an high and reverent esteem of the Holy 
Scriptures ; and the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy 
of the doctrine, and the majesty of the style, the consent 
of all the parts, the scope of the whole (which is to give 
all glory to God), the full discovery it makes of the only 
way of man's salvation, and many other incomparable ex- 
cellencies, and entire perfections thereof, are arguments 
whereby it doth abundantly evidence itself to be the Word 
of God ; yet, notwithstanding our full persuasion, and as- 
surance of the infallible truth, and divine authority there- 
of, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit, bearing 
witness by and with the Word in our hearts. 

6. The whole counsel of God concerning all things neces- 
sary for his own glory, man's salvation, faith and life, is 
either expressly set down, or necessarily contained in the 
Holy Scripture; unto which nothing is at any time to be 
added, whether by new revelation of the Spirit or tradi- 
tions of men. 

Nevertheless, we acknowledge the inward illumination 
of the Spirit of God to be necessary for the saving under- 
standing of such things as are revealed in the Word, and 
that there are some circumstances concerning the worship 
of God and government of the church common to human 
actions and societies, which are to be ordered by the light 
of nature and Christian prudence, according to the general 
rules of the Word, which are always to be observed. 

7. All things in Scripture are not alike plain in them- 
selves, nor alike clear unto all, yet those things which are 
necessary to be known, believed, and observed for salva- 
tion, are so clearly propounded and opened in some place 
of Scripture or other, that not only the learned, but the un- 
learned, in a due use of ordinary means, may attain to a 
sufficient understanding of them. 

8. The Old Testament in Hebrew (which was the native 
language of the people of God of old), and the New Testa- 
ment in Greek, which (at the time of writing it) was most 
generally known to the nations, being immediately inspired 
by God, and, by his singular care and providence, kept 
pure in all ages, are therefore authentical ; so as in all con- 
troversies of religion the church is finally to appeal unto 
them. But because these original tongues are not known 
to all the people of God who have a right unto, and interest 
in, the Scriptures, and are commanded, in the fear of God, 
to read and search them, therefore they are to be trans- 
lated into the vulgar language of every nation unto which 
they come, that the Word of God, dwelling plentifully in 
all, they may worship him in an acceptable manner, and, 
through patience and comfort of the Scriptures, may 
hope. 

9. The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the 
Scripture itself: and therefore, when there is a question 
about the true and full sense of any Scripture (which 
is not manifold, but one), it must be searched by other 
places that speak more clearly. 

10. The supreme judge by which all controversies of re- 
ligion are to be determined, and all decrees of councils, 
opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men, and private 
spirits are to be examined, and in whose sentence we are 
to rest, can be no other but the Holy Scripture delivered 
by the Spirit, into which Scripture, so delivered, our faith 
is finally resolved. 



II. Of God AND OF THE Holy Trinity. — 1. The Lord our 
God is but one only living and true God ; whose subsistence 
is in and of himself, infinite in being and perfection, whose 
essence cannot be comprehended by any but himself; a 
most pure Spirit, invisible, without body, parts, or passions, 
who only hath immortality, dwelling in the light which 
no man can approach unto, who is immutable, immense, 
eternal, incomprehensible, almighty, every way infinite, 
most holy, most wise, most free, most absolute, working 
all things according to the counsel of his own immutable 
and most righteous will for his own glory, most loving, 
gracious, merciful, long-suffering, abundant in goodness 
and truth, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin, the 
rewarder of them that diligently seek him, and withal 
most just, and terrible in his judgments, hating all sin. 
and will by no means clear the guilty. 

2. God having all life, glory, goodness, blessedness, in 
and of himself, is alone in, and unto himself all-sufficient, 
not standing in need of any creature which he hath made, 
nor deriving any glory from them, but only manifesting 
his own glory in, by, unto, and upon them, he is the alone 
fountain of all being, of whom, through whom, and to 
whom are all things, and he hath most sovereign domin- 
ion over all creatures, to do by them, for them, or upon 
them, whatsoever himself pleaseth; in his sight all thingji 
are open and manifest, his knowledge is infinite, infallible, 
and independent upon the creature, so as nothing is to 
him contingent or uncertain ; he is most holy in all his 
counsels, in all his works, and in all his commands; to him 
is due from angels and men whatsoever worship, service, 
or obedience, as creatures they owe unto the Creator, and 
whatever he is further pleased to require of them. 

3. In this Divine and Infinite Being there are three sub- 
sistences, the Father, the Word (or Son), and Holy Spirit, 
of one substance, power, and eternity, each having the 
whole divine essence, yet the essence undivided ; the Father 
is of none neither begotten, nor proceeding ; the Son is 
eternally begotten of the Father; the Holy Spirit proceed- 
ing from the Father and the Son, all infinite, without be- 
ginning, therefore but one God, who is not to be divided 

I in nature and being, but distinguished by several peculiar 
' relative properties and personal relations; which doctrine 
I of the Trinity is the foundation of all our communion with 
God, and our comfortable dependence on him. 

III. Op God'.s Decree. — 1. God hath decreed in himself 
! from all eternity, by the most wise and holy counsel of his 

own will, freely and unchangeably, all things whatsoever 
! conies to pass ; yet so as thereby is God neither the author 
of sin, nor hath fellowship with any therein, nor is vio- 
lence offered to the will of the creature, nor yet is the liberty 
or contingency of second causes taken away, but rather 
established, in which appears his wisdom in disposing all 
things, and power and faithfulness in accomplishing his 
decree. 

2. Although God knoweth whatsoever may or can come to 
pass upon all supposed cofiditions, yet hath he, not decreed 
anything because he foresaw it as future, or as that which 
would come to pass upon such conditions. 

.3. By the decree of God, for the manifestation of his 
glory, some men and angels are predestinated or foreor- 
dained to eternal life, through Jesus Christ, to the praise 
of his glorious grace ; others being left to act in their sin 
to their just condemnation, to the praise of his glorious 
justice. 

4. These angels and men thus predestinated and foreor- 



THE PHILADELPHIA CONFESSION OF FAITH. 



1313 



dained are partu-ularly and unchangeably designed ; and 
their number so certain and definite, that it cannot be 
either increased or diminished. 

5. Those of mankind that are predestinated to life, God, 
before the foundation of the world was laid, according to 
his eternal and immutable ])urpose, and the secret counsel 
and good pleasure of his will, hath chonen in Christ unto 
everlasting glory, out of his mere free grace and love: 
without any other thing in the creature as a condition or 
cause moving him thereunto. 

6. As God hath appointed the elect unto glory, so he hath 
by the eternal and most free purpose of his will foreor- 
dained all the means thereunto, wherefore they who are 
elected, being fallen in Adam, are redeemed by Christ, are 
effectually called unto faith in Christ, by his Spirit work- 
ing in due season, are justified, adopted, sanctified, and 
kept by his power through faith unto salvation; neither 
are any other redeemed by Christ, or effectually called, 
justified, adopted, sanctified, and saved, but the elect only. 

7. The doctrine of this high mystery of predestination is 
to be handled with special prudence and care; that men at- 
tending the will of God revealed in his Word, and yielding 
obedience thereunto, may, from the certainty of their ef- 
fectual vocation, be assured of their eternal election ; so 
shall this doctrine afford matter of praise, reverence, and 
admiration of God, and of humility, diligence, and abun- 
dant consolation to all that sincerely obey the gospel. 

IV. Op Creation. — 1. In the beginning it pleased God 
the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, for the manifestation of 
the glory of his eternal power, wisdom, and goodness, to 
create or make the world, and all things therein, whether 
visible or invisible, in the space of six days, and all very 
good. 

2. After God had made all other creatures be created 
man, male and female, with reasonable and immortal souls, 
rendering them fit unto that life to God for which they 
were created, being made after the image of God, in 
knowledge, righteousness, and true holiness; having the 
law of God written in their hearts, and power to fulfill it ; 
and yet under a possibility of transgressing, being left to 
the liberty of their own will, which was subject to change. 

3. Besides the law written in their hearts, they received 
a command not to eat of the tree of knowledge of good and 
evil ; which, whilst they kept, they were happy in their 
communion with God, and had dominion over the creatures. 

V. Of Divine Providence. — 1. God, the good creator 
of all things, in his infinite power and wisdom, doth uphold, 
direct, dispose, and govern all creatures and things, from 
the greatest even to the least, by his most wise and holy 
providence, to the end for which they were created, ac- 
cording unto his infallible foreknowledge, and the free 
and immutable counsel of his own will, to the praise of the 
glory of his wisdom, power, justice, infinite goodness, and 
mercy. 

2. Although in relation to the foreknowledge and decree 
of God, the first cause, all things come to pass immutably 
:ind infallibly; so that there is not anything befalls any 
by chance, or without his providence ; yet, by the same 
providence, he ordereth them to fall out according to the 
nature of second causes, either necessarily, freely, or con- 
tingently. 

3. God in his ordinary providence maketh use of means ; 
yet is free to work without, above, and against them, at 
his pleasure. 

4. The almighty power, unsearchable wisdom, and infi- 



nite goodness of God so far manifest themselves in his provi- 
dence, that his determinate counsel extendeth itself even 
to the first fall, and all other sinful actions both of angels 
and men (and that not by a bare permission), which also 
he most wisely and powerfully boundeth, and otherwise 
ordereth and governeth in a manifold dispensation, to his 
most holy ends ; yet so as the sinfulness of their acts pro- 
ceedeth only from the creatures, and not from God, who. 
being most holy and righteous, neither is nor can be the 
author or approver of sin. 

5. The most wise, righteous, and gracious God doth often- 
times leave for a season his own children to manifold 
temptations and the corruptions of their own hearts, to 
chastise them for their former sins or to discover unto them 
the hidden strength of corruption and deceitfulne.«s of their 
hearts, that they may be humbled, and to raise them to a 
more close and constant dependence for their support upon 
himself, and to make them more watchful against all 
future occasions of sin, and for other just .and holy ends. 

So that whatsoever befalls any of his elect is by his ap- 
pointment, for his glory, and their good. 

6. As for those wicked and ungodly men. whom God as 
a righteous judge, for former sin, doth blind and harden; 
from them he not only withholdeth his grace, whereby 
they might have been enlightened in their understanding 
and wrought upon in their hearts, but sometimes also 
withdraweth the gifts which they had, and exposeth them 
to such objects as their corruptions make occasion of sin; 
and withal gives them over to their own lusts and tempta- 
tions of the world, and the power of Satan, whereby it 
comes to pass that they harden themselves, even under 
those means which God useth for the softening of others. 

7. As the providence of God doth in general reach to all 
creatures, so, after a more special manner, it taketh care 
of his church, and disposeth of all things to the good 
thereof. 

VI. Of the Fall of Man, Sin, and the Punishment 
Thereof. — 1. Although God created man upright and per- 
fect, and gave him a righteous law which had been unto 
life, had he kept it, and threatened death upon the breach 
thereof; yet he did not long abide in this honor. Satan, 
using the subtility of the serpent to seduce Eve, then by 
her seducing Adam, who, without any compulsion, did 
willfully transgress the law of their creation and the com- 
mand given unto them in eating the forbidden fruit; which 
God was pleased according to his wise and holy counsel to 
permit, having purposed to order it to his own glory. 

2. Our first parents, by this sin, fell from their original 
righteousness and communion with God, and we in them, 
whereby death came upon all ; all becoming dead in sin 
and wholly defiled in all the faculties and parts of soul and 
body. 

'3. They being the root, and, by God's appointment, 
standing in the room and stead of all mankind ; the guilt 
of the sin was imputed, and corrupted nature conveyed to 
all their posterity, descending from them by ordinary gen- 
eration, being now conceived in sin, and by nature children 
of wrath, the servants of sin, the subjects of death, and all 
other miseries, spiritual, temporal, and eternal, unless the 
Lord .Jesus set them free. 

4. From this original corruption, whereby we are utterly 
indisposed, disabled, and made opposite to all good, and 
wholly inclined to all evil, do proceed all actual trans- 
gressions. 

5. This corruption of nature, during this life, doth re- 



1314 



APPENDIX. 



main in those that are regenerated ; and, although it be 
through Christ pardoned and mortified, yet both itself and 
the first motions thereof are truly and properly sin. 

VII. Or God's Covenant. — 1. The distance between God 
and the creature is so great, that although reasonable crea- 
tures do owe obedience unto him as their Creator, yet they 
could never have attained the reward of life but by some 
voluntary condescension on God's jiart, which he hath 
been pleased to express by way of covenant. 

2. Moreover, man having brought himself under the curse 
of the law by his fall, it pleased the Lord to make a cove- 
nant of grace, wherein he freely offereth unto sinners life 
and salvation by Jesus Christ, requiring of them faith in 
him, that they might be saved; and promising to give 
unto all those that are ordained unto eternal life his holy 
Spirit, to make them willing and able to believe. 

3. This covenant is revealed in the gospel, first of all to 
Adam in the promise of salvation by the seed of the woman, 
and afterwards by farther steps, until the full discovery 
thereof was completed in the New Testament ; and it is 
founded in that eternal covenant transaction that was be- 
tween the Father and the Son about the redemption of the 
elect; and it is alone by the grace of this covenant that all 
of the posterity of fallen Adam, that ever were saved, did 
obtain life and blessed immortality: man being now ut- 
terly incapable of acceptance with God upon those terms 
on which Adam stood in his state of innocency. 

VIII. Of Christ the MEDrATOR. — 1. It pleased God, in 
his eternal purpose, to choose and ordain the Lord .Jesus, 
his only and begotten Son, according to the covenant made 
between them both, to be the Mediator between God and 
man ; the prophet, priest, and king ; head and Saviour of 
his church, the heir of all things, and judge of the worM ; 
unto whom he did from all eternity give a people to be his 
seed, and to be by him in time redeemed, called, justified, 
sanctified, and glorified. 

2. The Son of God, the second person in the Holy Trinity, 
being very and eternal God, the brightness of the Father's 
glory, of one substance, and equal with him ; who made 
the world, who uj>holdeth and governeth all things be hath 
made ; did, when the fullness of time was come, take upon 
him man's nature, with all the essential properties and 
common infirmities thereof, yet without sin; being con- 
ceived by the Holy Spirit in the womb of the Virgin Mary, 
the Holy Spirit coming down upon hci-. and the power of 
the Most High overshadovping her, and so was made of a 
woman, of the tribe of Judah, of the seed of Abraham and 
David, according to the Scriptures : so that two whole, per- 
fect, and distinct natures were inseparabl}' joined together 
in one person, without conversion, composition, or con- 
fusion; which person is very God and very man, yet one 
Christ, the only Mediator between God and man. 

3. The Lord Jesus in his human nature thus united to the 
divine, in the person of the Son, was sanctified and anointed 
with the Holy Spirit above measure: having in him all the 
treasures of wisdom and knowledge; in whom it pleased 
the Father that all fullness should dwell ; to the end that, 
being holy, harmless, undefiled, and full of grace and truth, 
he might be thoroughly furnished to execute the office of a 
Mediator and Surety; which office he took not upon him- 
self, but was thereunto called by his Father; who also put 
all power and judgment in his hand, and gave him com- 
joandment to execute the same. 

4. This office the Lord Jesus did most willingly under- 
take, which that he might discharge, he was made under the 



law, and did perfectly fulfill it, and underwent the punish- 
ment due to us, which we should have borne and suffered, 
being made sin and a curse for us; enduring most grievous 
sorrows in his soul and most painful sufferings in his body; 
was crucified and died, and remained in the state of the 
dead, yet saw no corruption : on the third day he arose 
from the dead, with the same body in which he suffered, 
with which he also ascended into heaven ; and there sitteth 
on the right hand of his Father making intercession ; and 
shall return to judge men and angels at the end of the 
world. 

0. The Lord Jesus, by his perfect obedience and sacrifice 
of himself, which he through the eternal Spirit once offered 
up unto God, hath fully satisfied the justice of God, pro- 
cured reconciliation, and purchased an everlasting inherit- 
ance in the kingdom of heaven for all those whom the 
Father hath given unto him. 

6. Although the price of redemption was not actually 
paid by Christ till after his incarnation, yet the virtue, effi- 
cacy, and benefit thereof was communicated to the elect in 
all ages successively from the beginningof the world, in and 
by those promises, types, and sacrifices wherein he was re- 
vealed and signified to be the seed of the woman which 
should bruise the serpent's head; and the Lamb slain from 
the foundation of the world, being the same yesterday, and 
to-day, and forever. 

7. Christ, in the work of mediation, acteth according to 
both natures, by each nature doing that which is proper to 
itself; yet, by reason of the unity of the person, that which 
is proper to one nature is sometimes in Scripture attributed 
to the person denominated by the other nature. 

8. To all those for whom Christ hath obtained eternal re- 
demption he doth certainly and effectually apply and com- 
municate the same ; making intercession for them ; uniting 
them to himself by his Spirit : revealing unto them, in and 
by the Word, the mystery of salvation : persuading them to 
believe and obey ; governing their hearts by his Word and 
Spirit, and overcoming all their enemies by his Almighty 
power and wisdom, in such manner and ways as are most 
consonant to his wonderful and unsearchable dispensation : 
and all of free and absolute grace, without any condition 
foreseen in them to procure it. 

9. This office of Mediator between God and man is proper 
only to Christ, who is the prophet, priest, and king of the 
Church of God ; and may not be either in whole, or any 
part thereof, transferred from him to any other. 

10. This number and order of offices is necessary ; for, in 
respect of our ignorance, we stand in need of his propheti- 
cal office ; and, in respect of our alienation from God and 
imperfection of the best of our services, we need his 
priestly office to reconcile us and present us acceptable unto 
God ; and, in respect of our averseness and utter inability 
to return to God, and for our rescue and security from our 
spiritual adversaries, we need his kingly office to convince, 
subdue, draw, uphold, "deliver, and preserve us to his 
heavenly kingdom. 

IX. Op Free Will. — 1. God has indued the will of man 
with that natural liberty and power of acting upon choice, 
that it is neither forced nor, by any necessity of nature, 
determined to do good or evil. 

2. Man, in his state of innocency, had freedom and power 
to will and to do that which was good and well pleasing to 
God; but yet was mutable, so that he might fall from it. 

3. Blan, by his fall into a state of sin, hath wholly lost all 
ability of will to any spiritual good accompanying salva- 



THE PHILADELPHIA CONFESSION OF FAITH. 



1315 



tion ; so as a natural man, being altogether averse from 
that good and dead in sin, is not able, by his own strength, 
to convert himself or to prepare himself thereunto. 

4. When God converts a sinner, and translates him into 
the state of grace, he freeth him from his natural bondage 
under sin, and, by his grace alone, enables him freely to 
will and do that which is spiritually good; yet so as 
that, by reason of his remaining corruptions, he doth not 
perfectly nor only will that which is good, but doth also 
will that which is evil. 

5. The will of man is made perfectly and immutably free 
to good alone in the state of glory only. 

X. Of Efpkctcial Calling. — 1. Those whom God had 
predestinated unto life, he is pleased, in his appointed and 
accepted time, effectually to call by his Word and Spirit out 
of that state of sin and death in which they are by nature 
to grace of salvation by Jesus Christ; enlightening their 
minds spiritually and savingly to understand the things 
of God; taking away their heart of stone and giving unto 
them an heart of flesh : renewing their wills, and, by his 
almighty power, determining them to that which is good, 
and etfectually drawing them to Jesus Christ; yet so as 
they come most freely, being made willing by his grace. 

2. This effectual call is of God's free and special grace 
alone, not from anything at all foreseen in man, nor from 
any power or agency in the creature co-working witli his 
special grace; the creature being wholly passive therein, 
being dead in sins and trespasses, until, being quickened 
and renewed by the Holy Spirit, he is thereby enabled to 
answer this call, and to embrace the grace offered and con- 
veyed in it, and that by no less power than that which 
raised up Christ from the dead. 

3. Elect infants, dying in infancy, are regenerated and 
saved by Christ through the Spirit, who worketh when, 
and where, and how he pleaseth ; so also are all other elect 
persons who are incapable of being outwardly called by the 
ministry of the Word. 

4. Others not elected, although they may be called by the 
ministry of the Word, and may have some common opera- 
tions of the Spirit, yet, not being effectually drawn by the 
Father, they neither will nor can truly come to Christ, 
and therefore cannot be saved : much less can men that 
receive not the Christian religion be saved, be they never 
so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of 
nature andthe law of that religion they do profess. 

XI. Of Justification. — 1. Those whom God effectually 
calleth he also freely justitieth, not by infusing righteous- 
ness into them, but by pardoning their sins, and by account- 
ing and accepting their persons as righteous ; not for anj'- 
thing wrought in them or done by them, but for Christ's sake 
alone; not by imputing faith itself, the act of believing, or 
any other evangelical obedience to them, as their right- 
eousness, but by imputing Christ's active obedience unto 
the whole law, and passive obedience in his death, for their ! 
whole and sole righteousness; they receiving and resting on I 
him and his righteousness by faith, which they have not of ' 
themselves : it is the gift of God. 

2. Faith thus receiving and resting on Christ and his 
righteousness, is the alone instrument of justification : yet 
it is not alone in the person justified, but is ever accom- 
panied with all other saving graces, and is no dead faith, ' 
but worketh bj' love. 

.3. Christ, by his obedience and death, did fully discharge 
the debt of all those that are justified : and did, by the [ 
sacrifice of himself, in the blood of his cross, undergoing 



in their stead the penalty due unto them, make a proper, 
real, and full satisfaction to God's justice in their behalf; 
yet, inasmuch as he was given by the Father for them, 
and his obedience and satisfaction accepted in their stead, 
and both freely, not for anything in them, their justifica- 
tion is only of free grace, that both the e.xact justice and 
rich grace of God might be glorified in the justification of 
sinners. 

j 4. God did, from all eternity, decree tojustil'y all theeleet, 
and Christ did, in the fullness of time, die for their sins, 

j and rise .again for their justification; nevertheless, they 
are not justified personally until the Holy Spirit doth, in 
due time, actually apply Christ unto them. 

5. God doth continue to forgive the sins of those that are 
justified; and, although they can never fall from the 
state of justification, yet they may, by their sins, fall 
under God's fatherly displeasure; and, in that condition, 
they have not usually the light of his countenance restored 

I unto them until they humble themselves, confess their 
sins, beg pardon, and renew their faith and repentance. 

6. The justification of believers under the Old Testament 
was, in all these respects, one and the same witli the jus- 
tification of believers under the New Testament. 

XII. Of Adoption. — 1, All those that are justified, God 
, vouchsafed, in and for the sake of his only Son, Jesus 
I Christ, to make partakers of the grace of adoption, by 
! which they are taken into the number, and enjoy the lib- 
erties and privileges, of children of God ; have his name 

I put upon them; receive the spirit of adoption; have ac- 
cess to the throne of grace with boldness: are enabled to 
i cry Abba, Father; are pitied, protected, provided for, and 
1 chastened by him as a father ; yet never cast off, but sealed 
to the day of redemption, and inherit the promises as heirs 
of everlasting salvation. 

XIII. Op Sanctification. — 1. They who are united to 
Christ, effectually called, and regenerated, having a new 
heart and a new spirit created in them, through the virtue 
of Christ's death and resurrection, are also further sanctified, 
really and personally, through the same virtue, by his Word 
and Spirit dwelling in them. The dominion of the whole 

I body of sin is destroyed, and the several lusts thereof are 
more and more weakened and mortified ; and they more and 

I more quickened and strengthened in all saving graces, to 
the practice of all true holiness, without which no man 
shall see the Lord. 

2. This sanctification is throughout, in the whole man, 
yet imperfect in this life; there abideth still some remnants 
of corruption in every part, whence ariseth a continual 
and irreconcilable war : the flesh lusting against the spirit 
and the spirit against the fiesh. 

3. In which war, although the remaining corruption for 
a time may much prevail, yet, through the continual sup- 
ply of strength from the sanctifying Spirit of Christ, the 
regenerate part doth overcome; and so the saints grow in 
grace, perfecting holiness in the fear of God, pressing after 
an heavenly life in evangelical obedience to all the com- 
mands which Christ, as Head and King, in his Word hath 
prescribed to them. 

XIV. Of Saving Faith. — 1. The grace of faith, whereby 
the elect are enabled to believe to the saving of their souls, 
is the work of the Spirit of Christ in their hearts, and is or- 
dinarily wrought by the ministry of the Word, by which 
also, and by the administration of Baptism, and the 
Lord's Supper, prayer, and other means appointed of God 
it is increased and strengthened. 



1316 



APPENDIX. 



2. By this faith, a Christian believeth to be true whatso- 
ever is revealed in the Word for the authority of God him- 
self; and also apprehendeth an excellency therein above 
all other writings and all things in the world, as it bears 
forth the glory of God in his attributes, the excellency of 
Christ in his nature and offices, and the power and fullness 
of the Holy Spirit in his workings and operations; and so 
is enabled to cast his soul upon the truth thus believed, 
and also acteth differently upon that which each particu- 
lar passage thereof containeth ; yielding obedience to the 
commands, trembling at the threatenings, and embracing 
the promises of God for this life and that which is to come ; 
but the principal acts of saving faith hath immediate rela- 
tion to Christ, accepting, receiving, and resting upon him 
alone for justification, sanctification, and eternal life, by 
virtue of the covenant of grace. 

3. This faith, although it be different in degrees, and may 
be weak or strong, yet it is in the least degree of it differ- 
ent in the kind or nature of it (as is all other saving grace) 
from the faith and common grace of temporary believers ; 
and therefore, though it may be many times assailed and 
weakened, yet it gets the victory, growing up in many to 
the attainment of a full assurance through Christ, who is 
both the author and finisher of our faith. 

XV. Of Repentance unto Life and Salvation. — 1. 
Such of the elect as are converted at riper years, having 
sometimes lived in the state of nature, and therein served 
divers lusts and pleasures, God, in their effectual calling, 
giveth them repentance unto life. 

2. Whereas tliere is none that doeth good and sinneth not, 
and the best of men may, through the power and deceitful- 
ness of their corruption dwelling in them, with the preva- 
lency of temptation, fall into greater sins and provocations, 
God hath, in the covenant of grace, mercifully ))rovided 
that believers so sinning and falling be renewed through 
repentance unto salvation. 

3. This saving repentance is an evangelical grace, where- 
by a person, being by the Holy Spirit made sensible of the 
manifold evils of his sin, doth, by faith in Christ, humble 
himself for it with godly sorrow, detestation of it, and self- 
abhorreney, praying for pardon and strength of grace, with 
a purpose and endeavor, by supplies of the Spirit, to walk 
before God unto all well-pleasing in all things. 

4. As repentance is to be continued through the whole 
course of our lives, upon the account of the body of death 
and the motions thereof, so it is every man's duty to re- 
pent of his particular known sins, particularly. 

6. Such is the provision which God hath made, through 
Christ in the covenant of grace, for the preservation of be- 
lievers unto salvation, that, although there is no sin so 
small but it deserves damnation, yet there is no sin so great 
that it shall bring damnation on them that repent ; which 
makes the constant preaching of repentance necessary. 

XVI. Of Good Works. — 1. Good works are only such as 
God hath commanded in his Holy Word, and not such as, 
without the warrant thereof, are devised by men out of 
blind zeal or upon any pretense of good intentions. 

2. These good works, done in obedience to God's com- 
mandments, are the fruits and evidences of a true and lively 
faith ; and by them believers manifest their thankfulness, 
strengthen their assur.ance, edify their brethren, adorn the 
profession of the gospel, stop the mouths of the adversa- 
ries, and glorify God, whose workmanship they ai-e, created 
in Christ Jesus thereunto, that, having their fruit unto 
holiness, they may have the end, eternal life. 



3. Their ability to do good works is not at all of themselves, 
but wholly from the Spirit of Christ ; and that they may be 
enabled thereunto,, besides the graces they have already re- 
ceived, there is necessary an actual influence of the same 
Holy Spirit to work in them to will and to do of his good 
pleasure ; yet are they not hereupon to grow negligent, as 
if they were not bound to perform any duty, unless upon 
a special motion of the Spirit, but they ought to be diligent 
in stirring up the grace of God that is in them. 

4. They who in their obedience attain to the greatest 
height which is possible in this life, are so far from being 
able to supererogate and to do more than God requires, as 
that they fall short of much which, in duty, they are 
bound to do. 

6. We cannot, by our best works, merit pardon of sin or 
eternal life at the hand of God, by reason of the great 
disproportion that is between them and the glory to come, 
and the infinite distance that is between us and God, whom 
by them we can never profit nor satisfy for the debt of our 
former sins ; but when we have done all we can, we h.ave 
done but our duty and are unprofitable servants ; and be- 
cause, as they are good, they proceed from his Spirit, and, 
as they are wrought by us, they are defiled and mixed with 
so much weakness and imperfection, that they cannot en- 
dure the severity of God's judgment. 

6. Yet notwithstanding the persons of believers being 
accepted through Christ, their good works also are accepted 
in him, not as though they were in this life wholly un- 
blamable and unreprovable in God's sight, but that he, 
looking upon them in his Son, is pleased to accept and re- 
ward that which is sincere, although .accompanied with 
many weaknesses and imperfections. 

7. AVorks done by unregenerate men, although for the 
matter of them they may be things which God commands, 
and of good use both to themselves and others ; yet, because 
they proceed not from a heart purified by faith, nor are 
done in a right manner according to the AVord, nor to a 
right end, the glory of God, they are sinful and cannot 
please God, nor make a man meet to receive grace from 
God ; and yet their neglect of them is more sinful and dis- 
pleasing to God. 

XVII. Oftiie PerseveranceoptheSaints. — ]. Those 
whom God hath accepted in the Beloved, effectually called 
and sanctified by his Spirit, and given the precious faith of 
his elect unto, can neither totally nor finally Fall from the 
state of grace, but shall certainly persevere therein to the end 
and be eternally saved, seeing the gifts and callings of God 
are without repentance (whence he still begets and nour- 
isheth in them faith, repentance, love, joy, hope, and all 
the graces of the Spirit to immortality), and, though many 
storms and floods arise and beat against them, yet they 
shall never be able to take them off that foundation and 
rock which bj' faith they are fastened upon ; notwith- 
standing, through unbelief and the temptations of Satan, 
the sensible sight of the light and love of God may, for a 
time, be clouded and obscured from them, yet it is still the 
same, and they shall be sure to be kept by the power of 
God unto salvation, where they shall enjoy their purchased 
possession, they being engraven upon the palm of his 
hands, and their names having been written in the book 
of Life from all eternity. 

2. This perseverance of the saints depends not upon their 
own free will, but upon the immutability of the decree of 
election, flowing from the free and unchangeable love of 
God, the Father, upon the efficacy of the merit and in- 



THE rHILADELFHlA CONFESSION OF FAFl'lL 



1311 



tercession of Jesus Christ and union with him, the oath of 
God, the abiding of his Spirit, and the seed of God within 
them, and the nature of the covenant of grace ; from all 
which ariseth also the certainty and infallibility thereof. 

3. And though they may, through the temptation of Satan 
and of the world, the prevalency of corruption remaining 
in them, and the neglect of means of their preservation, 
fall into grievous sins, and for a time continue therein, 
whereby they incur God's displeasure and grieve his Holy 
Spirit, come to have their graces and comforts impaired, 
have their hearts hardened and their consciences wounded, 
hurt and scandalize others, and bring temporal judgments 
upon themselves, yet they shall renew their repentance 
and be preserved, through faith in Christ Jesus, to the end. 

XVIII. Op the Assurance op Guace and Salvation. 
— 1. Although temporary believers and other unregenerate 
men may vainly deceive themselves with false hopes and 
carnal presumptions of being in the favor of God and state 
of salvation, which hope of theirs shall perish ; yet such as 
truly believe in the Lord Jesus, and love him in sincerity, 
endeavoring to walk in all good conscience before him, 
may, in this life, be certainly assured that they are in the 
state of grace, and may rejoice in the hope of the glory of 
God, which hope shall never make them ashamed. 

2. This certainly is not a bare conjectural and probable 
persuasi'on, grounded upon a fallible hope, but an infal- 
lible assurance of faith, founded on the blood and right- 
eousness of Christ, revealed in the gospel ; and also upon 
the inward evidence of those graces of the Spirit unto 
which promises are made, and on the testimony of the Si')irit 
of adoption, witnessing with our spirits that we are the 
children of God, and, as a fruit thereof, keeping the heart 
both humble and holy. 

3. This infallible assurance doth not so belong to the es- 
sence of faith but that a true believer may wait long, and 
conflict with many difficulties, before he be partaker of it ; 
yet being enabled by the Spirit to know the things which 
are freely given him of God, he may, without extraordi- 
nary revelation, in the right use of means, attain there- 
unto; and therefore it is the duty of every one to give all 
diligence to make their calling and election sure, that 
thereby his heart may be enlarged in peace and joy in the 
Holy Spirit, in love and thankfulness to God, and in 
strength and cheerfulness in the duties of obedience, the 
proper fruits of this assurance : so far is it from inclining 
men to looseness. 

4. True believers may have the assurance of their salva- 
tion divers ways shaken, diminished, and intermitted; as 
by negligence in preserving of it, by falling into some 
special sin, which woundeth the conscience and grieveth 
the Spirit; by some sudden or vehement temptation; by 
God's withdrawing the light of his countenance and suffer- 
ing even such iis fear him to walk in darkness and to have 
no light ; yet are they never destitute of the seed of God 
and life of faith, that love of Christ and the brethren, that 
sincerity of heart, and conscience of duty, out of which, by 
the operation of the Spirit, this assurance may in due 
time be revived, and by the which, in the mean time, they 
are preserved from utter despair. 

XIX. Op the Law of God. — 1. God gave to Adam a law 
of universal obedience written in his heart, and a particular 
precept of not eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of 
good and evil ; by which he bound him and all his posterity 
to personal, entire, exact, and perpetual obedience, promised 
life upon the fulfilling, and threatened death upon the 



breach of it, and indued him with power and ability to 
keep it. 

2. The same law that was first written in the heart of man 
continued to be a perfect rule of righteousness after the 
fall, and delivered by God upon Mount Sinai, in ten com- 
mandments, and written in two tables, the four first con- 
taining our duty towards God, and the other six our duty 
to man. 

3. Besides this law, commonly called moral, God «;i> 
pleased to give to the people of Israel ceremonial laws, con- 
taining several typical ordinances, partly of worship, jire- 
figuring Christ, his graces, actions, sufferings, and benefits, 
and partly holding forth divers instructions of moral duties, 
all which ceremonial laws, being ajipointed only to the 
time of reformation, are by Jesus Christ, the true Messiah 
and only Lawgiver, who was furnished with power from 
the Father for that eni,l, abrogated and taken away. 

4. To them also he gave sundry judicial laws, which ex- 
pired together with the state of that people, not obliging 
any now b.y virtue of that institution, — their general equity 
only being of moral use. 

5. The moral law doth forever bind all, as well justified 
persons as others, to the obedience thereof, and that not 
only in regard to the matter contained in it, but also in 
respect of the authority of God, the Creator, who gave it: 
neither doth Christ in the gospel any way dissolve, but 
much strengthen this obligation. 

6. Although true believers be not under the law, as a 
covenant of works, to be thereby justified or condemned, 
yet it is of great use to them, as well as to others, in that, as 
a rule of life, informing them of the will of God and their 
duty, it directs and binds them to walk accordingly ; dis- 
covering also the sinful pollutions of their natures, hearts, 
and lives, so as, examining themselves thereby, they may 
come to further conviction of, humiliation for, and hatred 
against sin, together with a clearer sight of the need they 
have of Christ and the perfection of his obedience : it is 
likewise of use to the regenerate to restrain their corrup- 
tions, in that it forbids sin, and the threatenings of it 
serve to show what even their sins deserve, and what afflic- 
tions in this life they may expect for them, although freed 
from the curse and unallayed rigor thereof. These prom- 
ises of it likewise show that God's approbation of obedience, 
and what blessings they may expect upon the performance 
thereof, though not as due to them by the law as a cove- 
nant of works ; so as man's dorng good and refraining 
from evil, because the law encourageth to the one, and de- 
terreth from the other, is no evidence of his being under the 
law and not under grace. 

7. Neither are the forementioned uses of the law contrary 
to the grace of the gospel, but do sweetly comply with it, 
the Spirit of Christ subduing and enabling the will of man 
to do that freely and cheerfully, which the will of God, re- 
vealed in the law, requireth to be done. 

XX. Of the Gospel and the Extent op the Grace 
THEREOF. — 1. The covenant of works being broken by sin, 
and made unprofitable unto life, God was pleased to give 
forth the promise of Christ, the seed of the woman, as the 
means of calling the elect, and begetting in them faith and 
repentance; in this promise, the gospel, as to the substance 
of it, was revealed, and therein effectual for the conversion 
and salvation of sinners. 

2. This promise of Christ, and salvation by him, is re- 
vealed only by the Word of God ; neither do the works of 
creation or providence, with the light of nature, make dis- 



1318 



APPENDIX. 



covery of Christ or of grace by him, so much as in a general 
or obscure way, much less that men, destitute of the reve- 
lation of him by the promise or gospel, should be enabled 
thereby to attain saving faith or repentance. 

3. The revelation of the gospel unto sinners, made in 
divers times and by sundry parts, with the addition of prom- 
ises and precepts, for the obedience required therein, as to the 
nations and persons to whom it is granted, is merely of the 
sovereign will and good pleasure of God, not being annexed 
by virtue of any promise to the due improvement of men's 
natural abilities, by virtue of common light received with- 
out it, which none ever did make or can so do ; and, there- 
fore, in all ages the preaching of the gospel has been granted 
unto persons and nations, as to the extending or limiting 
of it, in great variety, according to the counsel of the will 
of God. 

4. Although the gospel be the only outward means of 
revealing Christ and saving grace, and is, as such, abun- 
dantly sufficient thereunto; yet that men, who are dead 
in trespasses, may be born again, quickened, or regener- 
ated, there is, moreover, necessary an effectual, insupera- 
ble work of the Holy Spirit upon the whole soul for the 
producing in them a new spiritual life, without which no 
other means will effect their conversion unto God. 

XXI. Op Christian Liberty and Liberty of Con- 
science.—!. The liberty which Christ hath purchased for 
believers under the gospel consists in their freedom from the 
guilt of sin, the condemning wrath of God, and rigor and 
curse of the law, and in their being delivered from this 
present evil world, bondage to Satan, and dominion of sin, 
froui the evil of alHictious, the fear and sting of death, the 
victory of the grave, and everlasting damnation ; as also in 
their free access to God, and their yielding obedience unto 
him, not out of slavish fear, but a childlike love and will- 
ing mind. 

All which were common also to believers under the law 
for the substance of them; but, under the New Testament, 
the liberty of Christians is further enlarged in their f.ee- 
dom from the yoke of the ceremonial law, to which the 
Jewish church was subjected, and in greater boldness of 
access to the throne of grace, and in fuller communications 
of the free Spirit of God, than believers under the law did 
ordinarily partake of. 

2. God alone is Lord of the conscience, and hath left it 
free from the doctrines and commandments of men, which 
are in anything contrary to his Word or not contained in it. 
So that, to believe such doctrines, or to obey such com- 
mands, out of conscience, is to betray true liberty of con- 
science; and the requiring of an implicit faith and abso- 
lute and blind obedience is to destroy liberty of conscience 
and reason also. 

3. They who, upon pretense of Christian liberty, do prac- 
tise any sin, or cherish any sinful lust, as they do thereby 
pervert the main design of the grace of the gospel to their 
own destruction, so they wholly destroy the end of Christian 
liberty; which is, that, being delivered out of the hands 
of all our enemies, we might serve the Lord without fear, 
in holiness and righteousness before him all the days of 
our lives. 

XXII. Op Religious Worship and the Sabbath-Day. 
— 1. The light of nature shows that there is a God who hath 
lordship and sovereignty over all ; is just, good, and doth 
good unto all ; and is therefore to be feared, loved, praised, 
called upon, trusted in and served, with all the heart and 
all the soul, and with all the might. But the acceptable 



way of worshiping the true God is instituted by himself, 
and so limited by his own revealed will that he may not be 
worshiped according to the imaginations and devices of 
men, or the suggestions of Satan, under any visible repre- 
sentations, or any other way not prescribed in the Holy 
Scriptures. 

2. Religious worship is to be given to God, the Father, 
Son, and Holy Spirit, and to him alone; not to angels, 
saints, or any other creatures ; and, since the fall, not 
without a Mediator, nor in the mediation of any other but 
Christ alone. 

3. Prayer and thankfulness being one special part of 
natural worship, is by God required of all men. But that it 
may be accepted, it is to be made in the name of the Son, 
by the help of the Spirit, according to his will; with un- 
derstanding, reverence, humility, fervency, faith, love, and 
perseverance, and, with others, in a known tongue. 

4. Prayer is to be made for things lawful, and for all sorts 
of men living, or that shall live hereafter; but not for the 
dead, nor for those of whom it may be known that they 
have sinned the sin unto death. 

5. The reading of the Scriptures, preaching and hearing 
the Word of God, teaching and admonishing one another 
in psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs, singing with grace 
in our hearts to the Lord, as also the administration of 
baptism and the Lord's Supper, are all parts of religious 
worship of God, to be performed in obedience to him with 
understanding, faith, reverence, and godly fear; more- 
over, solemn humiliation, with fastings and thanksgiving, 
upon special occasions, ought to be used in a holy and re- 
ligious manner. 

6. Neither prayer nor any other part of religious worship 
is now, under the gospel, tied unto or made more accepta- 
ble by any place in which it is performed or towards which 
it is directed ; but God is to be worshiped everywhere in 
spirit and in truth; as in private families daily and in 
secret, each one by himself, so more solemnly in the public 
assemblies, which are not carelessly nor willfully to be neg- 
lected or forsaken, when God, by his Word or providence, 
calleth thereunto. 

7. As it is the law of nature that in general a proportion 
of time, by God's appointment, be set apart for the worship 
of God, so, by his Word, in a positive, m.oral, and perpetual 
commandment, binding all men in all ages, he hath par- 
ticularly appointed one day in seven for a Sabbath to be 
kept holy unto him, which, from the beginning of the 
world to the resurrection of Christ, was the last day of the 
week, and, from the resurrection of Christ, was changed 
into the first day of the week, which is called the Lord's 
day; and is to be continued to the end of the world as the 
Christian Sabbath, the observation of the last day of the 
week being abolished. 

8. The Sabbath is then kept holy unto the Lord when 
men, after a due preparing of their hearts and ordering their 
common affairs aforehand, do not only observe a holy rest 
all the day from their own works, words, and thoughts 
about their worldly employment and recreations, but also 
are taken up the whole time in public and private exer- 
cises of his worship, and in the duties of necessity and 
mercy. 

XXIII. Oi- Singing op Psalms.— 1. We believe that 
singing the praises of God is a holy ordinance of Christ, and 
not apart of natural religion or a moral duty only ; but that 
it is brought under divine institution, it being enjoined on 
the churches of Christ to sing psalms, hymns, and spiritual 



77//-; I'HILADEL/'HIA CONFESSION OF FAITH. 



1319 



songs; and that the whulu church, in their public assem- 
blies (as well as private Christians), ought to sing God's 
praises according to the best light they have received. 
Moreover, it was practised in the great representative 
church by our Lord Jesus Christ with his disciples after 
he had instituted and celebrated the saered ordinance of 
his holy supper as a commemorative token of redeeming 
liive. 

XXIV. Of Lawful Oaths AND Vow.s. — 1. A lawful oath 
is a part of religious worship, wherein the person swearing 
in truth, righteousness, and judgment solemnly calleth God 
to witness what he swcareth, and to judge him according 
to the truth or falseness thereof. 

2. The name of God only is that by which men ought to 
swear, and therein it is to be used with all holy fear and 
reverence ; therefore to swear vainly or rashly by that 
glorious and dreadful name, or to swear at all by any other 
thing, is sinful and to be abhorred; yet, as in matter of 
weight and moment, for confirmation of truth and ending 
all strife, an» oath is warranted by the AV^ord of God, so a 
lawful oath, being imposed by lawful authority, in such 
matters ought to be taken. 

3. Whosoever taketh an oath warranted by the Word of 
God ought duly to consider the weightiness of so solemn 
an act, and therein to avouch nothing but what he know- 
eth to be the truth; for that by rash, false, and vain oaths 
the Lord is provoked, and for them this land mourns. 

4. An oath is to be taken in the plain and common sense 
of the words, without equivocation or mental reservation. 

5. A vow, which is not to be made to any creature, but 
to God alone, is to be made and performed with all religious 
care and faithfulness; but popish monastical vows of per- 
petual single life, professed poverty, and regular obedience 
are so far from being degrees of higher perfection that 
they are superstitious and sinful snares in which no Chris- 
tian may entangle himself. 

XXV. Of the Civil Magistrate. — 1. God, the supreme 
Lord and king of all the world, hath ordained civil magis- 
trates to be under him over the people, for his own glory 
and the public good, and to this end hath armed them with 
the poiver of the sword for defense and encouragement of 
them that do good and for the punishment of evil-doers. 

2. It is lawful for Christians to accept and execute the 
office of a magistrate, when called thereunto; in the man- 
agement whereof, as they ought especially to maintain 
justice and peace, according to the wholesome laws of each 
kingdom and commonwealth, so, for that end, they may 
lawfully now under the New Testament wage war upon 
just and necessary occasions. 

3. Civil magistrates being set up by God for the ends 
aforesaid, subjection in all lawful things commanded by 
them ought to be yielded by us in the Lord, not only for 
wrath but for conscience' sake ; and we ought to make sup- 
plications and prayeis for kings and all that are in au- 
thority, that, under them, we may live a quiet and peaceable 
life in all godliness and honesty. 

XXVI. Op Marriage. — 1. Marriage is to be between 
one man and one woman ; neither is it lawful for any man 
to have more than one wife, nor for any woman to have 
more than one husband at the same time. 

2. Marriage was ordained for the mutual help of husband 
and wKe, for the increase of mankind with a legitimate 
issue, and for preventing of uncleanness. 

3. It is lawful for all sorts of people to marry who are 
able with judgment to give their consent; yet it is the duty 



of Christians to marry in the Lord ; and therefore such as 
profess the true religion should not marry with infidels or 
idolaters, neither should such as are godly be unequally 
yoked by marrying with such as are wicked in their life 
or maintain damnable heresy. 

4. Marriage ought not to be within the degrees of con- 
."anguinity or afiinity forbidden in the Word; nor can such 
incestuous marriage ever be made lawful by any law of 
man or consent of parties, so as those persons may live 
together as man and wife. 

XXVII. Op the Church. — 1. The catholic or universal 
' church, which, with respect to the internal work of the 
Spirit and truth of grace, may be called invisible, consists of 
the whole number of the elect that have been, are, or shall be 
gathered into one under Christ, the head thereof, and is the 
spouse, the body, the fullness of him that filleth all in all. 

2. All persons, throughout the world, professing the faith 
of the gospel and obedience unto God by Christ according 
unto it, not destroying their own profession by any errors, 
everting the foundation, or unholiness of conversation, are 
and may be called visible saints ; and of such ought all 
particular congregations to be constituted. 

3. The purest churches under heaven are subject to mix- 
ture and error, and some have so degenerated as to become 
no churches of Christ, but synagogues of Satan ; neverthe- 
less, Christ always hath had and ever shall have a kingdom 
in this world, to the end thereof, of such as believe in him 
and make profession of his name. 

4. The Lord J-^sus Christ is the head of the church, in 
whom, by the appointment of the Father, all power for the 
calling, institution, order, or government of the church is 
invested in a supreme and sovereign manner; neither can 
the pope of Rome in any sense be head thereof, but is that 
Antichrist, that man of sin and son of perdition, that ex- 
alteth himself in the church against Christ and all that is 
called God, whom the Lord shall destroy with the bright- 
ness of his coming. 

5. In the execution of this power wherewith he is so in- 
trusted, the Lord .Tesus calleth out of the world unto him- 
self, through the ministry of his Word by his Spirit, those 
that are given unto him by his Father, that they may walk 
before him in all the ways of obedience which he pre- 
scribeth to them in his Word. Those thus called he com- 
mandeth to walk together in particularsocieties orchurches, 
for their mutual edification and the due performance of 
that public worship which he requireth of them in the 
world. 

6. The members of these churches are saints by calling, 
visibly manifesting and evidencing in and by their pro- 
fession and walking their obedience unto that call of Christ; 
and do willingly consent to walk together according to the 
appointment of Christ, giving up themselves to the Lord 
and to one another by the will of God, in professed subjec- 
tion to the orilinances of the gospel. 

7. To each of these churches thus gathered according to 
his mind, declared in his AVord, he hath given all that power 
and authority which is any way needful for their carrying 
on that order in worship and discipline which he hath in- 
stituted for them to observe, with commands and rules for 
the due and right exerting and executing that power. 

8. A particular church, gathered and completely organ- 
ized according to the mind of Christ, consists of officers and 
members ; and the officers, appointed by Christ to be chosen 
and set apart by the church so called and gathered, for the 
peculiar administration of ordinances and execution of 



1320 



APPENDIX. 



power or duty which he intrusts them with, or calls them 
to, to be continued to the end of the world, are bishops, or 
elders, and deacons. 

9. The way appointed by Christ for the calling of any per- 
son, iitted and gifted by the Holy Spirit, unto the office of 
bishop, or elder, in a church, is that he be chosen thereunto 
by the common suffrage of the church itself, and solemnly 
set apart by fasting and prayer, with imposition of hands 
of the eldership of the church, if there be anj' before con- 
stituted therein ; and of a deacon, that he be chosen by the 
like suffrage, and set apart by prayer and the like imposi- 
tion of hands. 

10. The work of pastors being constantly to attend the 
serviceof Christ in his churches, in the ministry of the Word, 
and prayer, with watching for their souls as they that 
must give an account to him, it is incumbent on the 
churches to whom they minister not only to give them all 
due respect, but also to communicate to them of all their 
good things, according to their ability, so as they may 
have a comfortable supply, without being themselves en- 
tangled in secular affairs, and may also be capable of ex- 
ercising hospitality towards others; and this is required 
by the law of nature and by the express order of our Lord 
Jesus, who hath ordained that they that preach the gospel 
should live of the gospel. 

11. Although it be incumbent on the bishops or pastors 
of the churches to be instant in preaching the Word, by 
way of office, yet the work of preaching the Word is not so 
peculiarly confined to them but that others also gifted 
and fitted by the Holy Spirit loP it, and approved and 
called by the church, may and ought to perform it. 

12. As all believers are bound to join themselves to par- 
ticular churches, when and where they have opportunity so 
to do, so all that are admitted unto the privileges of a church 
are also under the censures and government thereof, ac- 
cording to the rule of Christ. 

13. No church members, upon any offense taken by them, 
having performed their duty required of them towards the 
|ierson they are offended at, ought to disturb church order, 
or absent themselves from the assemblies of the church, or 
administration of any ordinance, upon the account of such 
offense at any of their fellow-members, but to wait upon 
Christ in further proceeding of the church. 

14. As each church and all the members of it are bound 
to pray continually for the good and prosperity of all the 
churches of Christ in all places, and upon all occasions to 
further it, every one within the bounds of their places and 
callings, in the exercise of their gifts and graces, so the 
churches, when planted by the providence of God, so as 
they may enjoy opportunity and advantage for it, ought 
to hold communion among themselves for their peace, in- 
crease of love, and mutual edification. 

16. Cases of difficulty or differences, either in point of 
doctrine or administration, wherein either the churches in 
general are concerned, or any one church, in their ])eace, 
union, and edification; or any member or members of any 
church are injured in or by any proceedings in censures 
not agreeable to truth and order; it is according to the 
mind of Christ that many churches, holding communion 
together, do, by their messengers, meet to consider and 
give their advice in or about the matter in difference, to 
be reported to all the churches concerned ; howbeit these 
messengers assembled arc not intrusted with any church 
power, properly so called; or with any jurisdiction over 
the churches themselves, to exercise any censures either 



over any churches or persons ; or to impose their deter- 
mination on the churches or offices. 

XXVIII. Of the Communion op Saints. — 1. All saints 
that are united to Jesus Christ, their head, by his Spirit and 
faith, although they are not made thereby one person with 
him, have fellowship in his graces, sufferings, death, resur- 
rection, and glory, and, being united to one another in 
love, they have communion in each other's gifts and graces, 
and are obliged to the performance of such duties, public 
and private, in an orderly way, as to conduce to their 
mutual good, both in the inward and outward man. 

2. Saints by profession are bound to maintain a holy 
fellowship and communion in the worship of God, and in 
performing such other spiritual services as tend to their 
mutual edification; as also in relieving each other in out- 
ward things, according to their several abilities and neces- 
sities ; which communion, according to the rule of the 
gospel, though especially to be exercised by them in the 
relations wherein they stand, whether in families or 
churches, yet as God offereth opportunity, te to be ex- 
tended to all the household of faith, even all those who 
in every place call upon the name of the Lord Jesus ; 
nevertheless, their communion one with another as saints 
doth not take away or infringe the title or property which 
each man hath in his goods and possessions. 

XXIX. Of Baptism and the Lord's Supper. — 1. Bap- 
tism and the Lord's Supper are ordinances of positive and 
sovereign institution, appointed by the Lord Jesus, the 
only Lawgiver, to be continued in his church to the end of 
the world. 

2. These holy appointments are to be administered by 
those only who are qualified and thereunto called, accord- 
ing to the commission of Christ. 

XXX. Op Baptism. — 1. Baptism is an ordinance of the 
New Testament ordained by Jesus Christ, to be unto the 
part}' baptized a sign of his fellowship with him in his death 
and resurrection ; of his being engrafted into him; of re- 
mission of sins; and of his giving up unto God, through 
Jesus Christ, to live and walk in newness of life. 

2. Those who do actually profess repentance towards God, 
faith in, and obedience to our Lord Jesus, are the only 
proper subjects of this ordinance. 

3. The outward element to be used in this ordinance is 
water, wherein the party is to be baptized, in the name of 
the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. 

4. Immersion, or dipping of the person in water, is 
necessary to the due administration of this ordinance. 

XXXI. Op Laying on of Hands.— 1. We believe that 
laying on of hands, with prayer, upon baptized believers, 
as such, is an ordinance of Christ, and ought to be sub- 
mitted unto by all such persons that are admitted to par- 
take of the Lord's Supper, and that the end of this ordi- 
nance is not for the extraordinary gifts of the Spirit, but 
for a farther reception of the Holy Spirit of promise, or for 
the addition of the graces of the Spirit, and the influences 
thereof to confirm, strengthen, and comfort them in Christ 
Jesus ; it being ratified and established by the extraordinary 
gifts of the Spirit in the primitive times, to abide in the 
church, as meeting together on the first day of the week 
was, Acts ii. 1, that being the day of worship, or Christian 
Sabbath, under the gospel : and as preaching the Word was. 
Acts x. 44, and as baptism was, Matt. iii. 16, and prayer 
was, Acts iv. 31, and singing psalms, etc., was, Acts xvi. 
25, 2(5, so this of laying on of hands was. Acts viii. and 
xix. ; for, as the whole gospel was confirmed by signs and 



THE PHILADELPHIA CONFESSION OF FAITH. 



1321 



wonders, and divers miracles and gifts of tlie Holy Ghost 
in general, so was every ordinance in like manner con- 
firmed in particular. 

XXXII. Op THE Lord's Suppeh.—I. The Supper of the 
]/OiJ Jesus was instituted by him the same night wherein 
he was betrayed, to be observed in his churches unto the 
end of the world, for the perpetual remembrance and show- 
ing forth the sacrifice of himself in his death, confirmation 
of the faith of believers in all the benefits thereof, their 
spiritual nourishment and growth in him, their further 
engagement in and to all duties which they owe unto him, 
and to be a bond and pledge of their communion with him 
and with each other. 

2. In this ordinance, Christ is not offered up to his Father, 
nor any real sacrifice made at all for remission of sin, of 
the quick or dead, but only a memorial of that one offer- 
ing up of himself by himself upon the cross, once for all; 
and a spiritual oblation of all possible praise unto God for 
the same. So that the popish sacrifice of the mass, as they 
call it, is most abominable, injurious to Christ's own only 
sacrifice, the alone propitiation for all the sins of the elect. 

3. The Lord Jesus hath in this ordinance appointed his 
ministers to pray, and bless the elements of bread and 
wine, and thereby to set them apart from a common to a 
holy use, and to take and break the bread, to take the 
cup, and, they communicating also themselves, to give 
both to the communicants. 

4. The denial of the cup to the people, worshiping the 
elements, the lifting them up or carrying them about for 
adoration, and reserving .liem for any pretended religious 
use, are all contrary to the nature of this ordinance and to 
the institution of Christ. 

5. The outward elements of this ordinance, duly set apart 
to the uses ordained by Christ, have such relation to him 
crucified as that truly, although in terms used figuratively, 
they are sometimes called by the name of the things they 
represent, to wit, the body and blood of Christ, albeit in 
substance and nature they still remain truly and only 
bread and wine, as they were before. 

6. The doctrine which maintainsachangeof thesubstance 
of bread' and wine into the substance of Christ's body and 
blood, commonly called transubstantiation, by consecra- 
tion of a priest, or by any other way, is repugnant, not to 
.Scripture alone, but even to common sense and reason, over- 
throweth the nature of the ordinance, and hath been and 
is the cause of manifold superstitions, yea, of gross idola- 
tries. 

7. Worthy receivers, outwardly partaking of the visible 
elements in this ordinance, do then also inwardly, by faith 
really and indeed, yet not carnally and corporeally, but 
spiritu.ally, receive and feed upon Christ crucified and all 
the benefit* of his death ; the body and blood of Christ 
being then not corporeally or carnally, but spiritually pres- 
ent to the faith of believers in that ordinance, as the ele- 
ments themselves are to their outward senses. 

S. All ignorant and ungodly persons, as they are unfit to 

84 



enjoy communion with Christ, so are they unworthy of the 
Lord's table, and cannot, without great sin against him, 
while they remain such, partake of these holy mysteries, 
or be admitted thereunto; yea, whosoever shall receive un- 
worthily, are guilty of the body and blood of the Lord, 
eating and drinking judgment to themselves. 

XXXIII. Op the State of Man after Death and op 
THE Kesuiibection OP THE Dead.- — 1. The bodies of men 
after death return to dust and see corruption ; but their souls, 
which neither die nor sleep, having an immortal subsist- 
ence, immediately return to God who gave them ; the 
souls of the righteous, being then made perfect in holi- 
ness, are received into paradise, where they are with 
Christ, and behold the face of God, in light and glory, 
waiting for the full redemption of their bodies ; and the 
souls of the wicked are cast into hell, where they remain 
in torment and utter darkness, reserved to the judgment 
of the great day ; besides these two places for souls sepa- 
rated from their bodies, the Scripture aeknowledgeth none. 

2. At the last day, such of the saints as are found alive 
shall not sleep but be changed, and all the dead shall be 
raised up with the self-same bodies, and none other; al- 
though with different qualities, which shall be united again 
to their souls forever. 

3. The bodies of the unjust shall, by the power of Christ, 
be raised to dishonor; the bodies of the just, by his Spirit, 
unto honor, and be made conformable to his own glorious 
body. 

XXXIV. Of THE Last Judgment. — 1. God hath ap- 
pointed a day wherein he will judge the world in righteous- 
ness by Jesus Christ, to whom all power and judgment is 
given of the Father; in which day not only the apostate 
angels shall be judged, but likewise all persons that have 
lived upon the earth shall appear before the tribunal of 
Christ to give an account of their thoughts, words, and 
deeds, and to receive according to what they have done 
in the body, whether good or evil. 

2. The end of God's appointing this day is for the mani- 
festation of the glory of his mercy in the eternal salvation 
of the elect; and of his justice in the eternal damnation 
of the reprobate, who are wiclied and disobedient; for 
then shall the righteous go into everlasting life, and re- 
ceive that fullness of joy and glory with everlasting reward 
in the presence of the Lord ; but the wicked, who know 
not God, and obey not the gospel of Jesus Christ, shall be 
cast into eternal torments, and punished with everlasting 
destruction from the presence of the Lord and from the 
glory of his power. 

3. As Christ would have us to be certainly persuaded that 
there shall be a day of judgment, both to deter all men 
from sin and for the greater consolation of the godly in 
their adversity, so will he have that day unknown to men, 
that they may shake off all carnal security, and be always 
watchful, because they know not at what hour the Lord 
will come, and may ever be prepared to say, Come, Lord 
Jesus, come quickly. Amen. 



APPENDIX. 



THE NEW HAMPSHIRE DECLARATION OF FAITH.* 



I. Op the Scriptures. — We believe that the holy Bible 
was written by men divinely inspired, and is a perfect 
treasure of heavenly instruction ; that it has God for its 
author, salvation for its end, and truth without any mix- 
ture of error for its matter; that it reveals the principles 
by which God will judge us, and therefore is, and shall re- 
main to the end of the world, the true centre of Christian 
union, and the supreme standard by which all human con- 
duct, creeds, and opinions should be tried. 

II. Op the True God. — We believe that there is one, 
and only one, living and true God, an infinite, intelligent 
Spirit, whose name is Jehovah, the Maker and Supreme 
Ruler of heaven and earth, inexpressibly glorious in holi- 
ness, and worthy of all possible honor, confidence, and 
love; that in the unity of the Godhead there are three per- 
sons, — the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, — equal in 
every divine perfection, and executing distinct but har- 
monious offices in the great work of redemption. 

III. Op the Fall of Man. — We believe that man was 
created in holiness, under the law of his Maker; but by 
voluntary transgression fell from that holy and happy 
state; in consequence of which all mankind are now sin- 
ners, not by constraint but choice ; being by nature utterly 
void of that holiness required by the law of God ; positively 
inclined to evil ; and therefore under just condemnation to 
eternal ruin, without defense or excuse. 

IV. Op the Way op Salvation. — We believe that the 
salvation of sinners is wholly of grace; through the me- ! 
diatorial offices of the Son of God ; who by the appointment 
of the Father, freely took upon him our nature, yet with- 
out sin; honored the divine law by his personal obedience, 
and by his death made a full atonement for our sins; that 
having risen from the dead, he is now enthroned in 
heaven ; and uniting in his wonderful person the tender- 
est sympathies with divine perfections, he is every way 
qualified to be a suitable, a compassionate, and an all- 
sufficient Saviour. 

v. Op Justification. — We believe that the great gospel | 
blessing which Christ secures to such as believe in him, is j 
justification; that justification includes the pardon of sin, 
and the promise of eternal life on principles of righteous- i 
ness ; that it is bestowed, not in consideration of any works I 
of righteousness which we have done, but solely through j 
faith in the Redeemer's blood ; by virtue of which faith | 
his perfect righteousness is freely imputed to us of God; | 
that it brings us into a state of most blessed peace and | 
favor with God, and secures every other blessing needful 
for time and eternity. 

VI. Of the Freeness of Salvation. — We believe that 
the blessings of salvation are made free to all by the gos- 



■ Cutting's Historical Vindications, p. 191. 



pel ; that it is the immediate duty of all to accept them by 
a cordial, penitent, and obedient faith ; and that nothing 
prevents the salvation of the greatest sinner on earth but 
his own determined depravity and voluntary rejection of 
the gospel; which rejection involves him in an aggravated 
condemnation. 

VII. Op Grace in Regeneration. — We believe that in 
order to be, saved sinners must be regenerated, or born 
again ; that regeneration consists in giving a holy disposi- 
tion to the mind; that it is effected in a manner above our 
comprehension by the power of the Holy Spirit, in connec- 
tion with divine truth, so as to secure our voluntary obe- 
dience to the gospel ; and that its proper evidence appears 
in the holy fruits of repentance, and faith, and newness of. 
life. 

VIII. Of Repentance and Faith. — We believe that 
repentance and faith are sacred duties, and also insepara- 
ble graces, wrought in our souls by the regenerating Spirit 
of God; whereby, being deeply convinced of our guilt, 
danger, and helplessness, and of the way of salvation by 
Christ, we turn to God with unfeigned contrition, confes- 
sion, and supplication for mercy ; at the same time heart- 
ily receiving the Lord Jesus Christ as our Prophet, Priest, 
and King, and relying on him alone as the only and all- 
sufficient Saviour. 

IX. Op God's Purpose of Grace. — We believe that 
election is the eternal purpose of God, according to which 
he graciously regenerates, sanctifies, and saves sinners, 
that being perfectly consistent with the free agency of 
man, it comprehends all the means in connection with the 
end ; that it is a most glorious display of God's sovereign 
goodness, being infinitely free, wise, holy, and unchange- 
able-, that it utterly excludes boasting, and promotes hu- 
mility, love, prayer, praise, trust in God, and active imi- 
tation of his free mercy; that it encourages the use of 
means in the highest degree; that it may be ascertained 
by its effects in all who truly believe the gospel ; that it is 
the foundation of Christian assurance; and that to ascer- 
tain it with regard to ourselves demands and deserves the 
utmost diligence. 

X. Op Sanctipication. — We believe that sanctification 
is the process by which, according to the will of God, we 
are made partakers of his holiness , that it is a progressive 
work; that it is begun in regeneration; and that it is car- 
ried on in the hearts of believers by the presence and 
power of the Holy Spirit, the Sealer and Comforter, in 
the continual use of the appointed means — especially, the 
Word of God, self-examination, self-denial, watchfulness, 
and prayer. 

XI. Of the Perseverance op Saints. — We believe that 
such only are real believers as endure unto the end; that 
their persevering attachment to Christ is the grand mark 



THE NEW HAMPSHIRE DECLARATION OF FAITH 



1323 



which distinguishes them from superficial professors ; that 
a special providence watches over their welfare; and they 
are kept by the power of God through faith unto salva- ' 
tion. i 

XII. Of the IIarmonv oi' tfie Law and the Gospel, j 
— We believe that the law of God is the eternal and un- 
changeable rule of his moral government: that it is holy, ; 
just, and good: and that the inability which the Scrip- 
tures ascribe to fallen men to fulfill its precepts, arises en- 
tirely from their love of sin; to deliver them from which, 
and to restore them through a mediator to unfeigned obe- 
dience to the holy law, is one great end of the gospel, and 
of the means of grace connected with the establishment of 
the visible church. 

XIII. Of a Gospel Church. — We believe that a visi- ] 
ble church of Christ is a congregation of baptized be- 
lievers, associated by covenant in the faith and fellowship 
of the gospel; observing the ordinances of Christ; gov- 
erned by his laws ; and exercising the gifts, rights, and 
privileges invested in them by his Word : that its only I 
scriptural officers are bishops or pastors, and deacons | 
whose qualifications, claims, and duties are defined in the 
epistles to Timothy and Titus. 

XIV. Op Baptism and the Lord's Supper. — We be- 
lieve that Christian baptism is the immersion in water of 
a believer, into the name of the Father, and Son, and 
Holy Ghost ; to show forth, in a solemn and beautiful em- 
blem, our faith in the crucified, buried, and risen Saviour, 
with its effect, in our death to sin and resurrection to a 
new life; that it is prerequisite to the privileges of a 
ehurch relation ; and to the Lord's Supper, in which the 
members of the church by the sacred use of bread and 



wine, are to commemorate together the dying love of 
Christ; preceded always by solemn self-examination. 

XV. Op the Christian Sabbath. — We believe that the 
first day of the week is the Lord's day, or Christian Sab- 
bath; and is to be kept sacred to religious purposes, by 
abstaining from all secular labor and sinful recreations; 
by the devout observance of all the means of grace, both 
private and i)ublic; and by preparation for that rest that 
remaineth for the people of God. 

XVI. Of Civil Government.— We believe that civil 
government is of divine appointment, for the interests 
and good order of human society; and that magistrates 
are to be prayed for, conscientiously honored, and obeyed; 
except only in things opposed to the will of our Lord Jesus 
Christ, who is the only Lord of the conscience, and the 
Prince of the kings of the earth. 

XVII. Of the Righteous and the Wicked. — We be- 
lieve that there is a radical and essential difference between 
the righteous and the wicked; that such only as through 
faith are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and sanc- 
tified by the Spirit of our God, are truly righteous in his 
esteem ; while all such as continue in impenitence and un- 
belief are in his sight wicked, and under the curse ; and 
this distinction holds among men both in and after death. 

XVIII. Of the World to Come.— Wc believe that the 
end of this world is approaching; that at the last day, 
Christ will descend from heaven, and raise the dead from 
the grave to final retribution ; that a solemn separation 
will then take place; that the wicked will be adjudged to 
endless punishment, and the righteous to endless joy; and 
that this judgment will fix forever the final state of men 
in heaven or hell, on principles of righteousness. 

[For a foi-m of Church Ovenant, see page 283.] 



APPENDIX. 



1 
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1 

21,013 

9,077 

9,870 

48,764 

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10,821 

114,094 

31,936 

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172,951 

140,442 

235,381 

110,847 

163,696 

49,960 

42,029 

69,124 

95,969 

122,369 

164,784 

67,702 

62,798 

27,282 

11,881 

24,136 

6,076 

8,319 

17,997 

2,957 

107,678 

6,915 

17,648 

4,855 

110 

43 

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16 

424 

101 

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Fac-simile from original Records, of the order for the banishment of Roger Williams. 






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loS5. Whereas Mr. Roger Williams, one of the elders of the church of Salem, hath broached and divulged dyrers oewn and dangerous opinions against 

Srd Sept. the aucthorite of magistrates, as also with others of defamcon, both of the magistrates and churches here, and that before any conviccon, and yet 

maintaineth the same without retraccoo, it is therefore ordered, that the said Mr. Williams shall depte out of this jurisdiccoa within sixe weekes 

nowe nexte ensueing, web if bee neglect to pforme, it shall be lawfuU for the Gouv'i and two of the magistrates to send him to some place 

oat of this jorisdiccoD, not to returne any more without licence from the Court. 



Order banishing the Founders of the First Baptist Church in Boston. 

May- Whereas Thomas Gold (and others) obstinate and turbulent Annabaptists, have some time since combined themselves wh others in a pretended 

166*' • church estatex»;fxxto , the great griefe and offence of the -godly orthodox ..«.««jr»xand about two years since were enjoyoed by this Court to 

desist from said practise and to retnrne to our allowed Church As3emblie3,««<*« jithis Court doe judge it necessary that they be removed to 

some other part of this country or elsewhere: and accordingly doeth order that (they) doe before the twentieth of July nest remove themselvai 

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ROGER WILLIAMS TO JOHN WINTHROP, Jr. 



For the Worshippull Mr John Winthrop at 
Nemeug These. 
Sir, — Respective salutacions to you both and 
sister Lake : At this instant (the first of the weeke 
toward noone) I reeeave yourse and shall be glad 
(if God will) you may gaine a reasonable passage 
by us before the hardest of winter, although I can- 
not advice you (but to pray against winter flights 
and journeyes) yet if the necessitie of God's provi- 
dence so cast it I shall be glad that we might have 
you Prisoner in these parts yet once in a few dayes 
(though in deepe snow) here is a beaten path &c. 
Sir Nenekunat againe importunes me to write to 
youre Father and youreselfe about his and hunt- 
ing at Pequt, that you would allso be pleased to 
write to youre Father. I have endeavoured to sat- 
isfie him what I can, and shall, yet I am willing at 
present to write to you, not so much conceaving 
that you can further gratifie him at this time, but 
that I may by this opportunitie salute you with the 
tidings from the Bay the last night. Skipper Isaack 
and Moline are come into the Bay with a Dutch 
ship and (as it is said) have brought letters from 
the States to call home this present Dutch Gover- 
noure to answer many complaints both from Dutch 
and English against him : In this ship are come 
English passengers and bring word of the great 
Trialls it pleaseth the Most High and only "Wise to 
exercise both oure native England and these parts 
allso. 



The Prince is said to be strong at sea and among 
other mischiefes, has taken Mr. Trerice his ship 
which went from hence, and sent it for France it 
seemes their Rendevouz. 

It is said that after Cromwell had discomfited 
the Welsh, with 6000 he was forced to incounter 
19 thousand Scots of whome he tooke 9000 prison- 
ers &c. — great store of Scots and Wellsh are sent 
and sold as slaves into other parts : Cromwell wrote 
to the Parliament, that he hoped to be at Edinburg 
in few dayes. 

A commission was sent from the Parliament to 
try the King in the He of Wight, lately prevented 
from escape. 

The Prince of Orenge and the States are falling, 
if not already fallen into Warrs which makes some 
of the States to tender Munnd,does as place of Re- 
treat. 

Sir to him in whose favour is Life I leave you, 
desiring in him to be 

Youre Worships unworthy 

Roger Williams. 

John prays you to be earnest with Mr HoUet 
about his howse hoping to be back in a fortnight. 

(Labeled, "rec'd dec'', — undoubtedly 1648. — 
J.B.) 

Mass. Hist. Collections, Third Series, vol. ix. pp. 
276-77. 



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